1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   5  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   6  *
   7  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   8  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  *
  25  */
  26 
  27 
  28 #include "cds/archiveHeapWriter.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/locationPrinter.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/memAllocator.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahOldHeuristics.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahYoungHeuristics.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahGenerationalMode.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahPassiveMode.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahSATBMode.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRequest.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBarrierSet.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahClosures.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCodeRoots.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectionSet.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentMark.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahControlThread.hpp"
  52 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalEvacuationTask.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGlobalGeneration.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionClosures.hpp"
  59 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionSet.hpp"
  60 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahInitLogger.hpp"
  61 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMarkingContext.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMemoryPool.hpp"
  63 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPacer.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPadding.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahParallelCleaning.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"
  69 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahReferenceProcessor.hpp"
  70 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahScanRemembered.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahSTWMark.hpp"
  73 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUncommitThread.hpp"
  74 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
  75 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
  76 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
  77 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkGroup.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  80 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  81 #include "memory/classLoaderMetaspace.hpp"
  82 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  83 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  84 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  85 #include "nmt/mallocTracker.hpp"
  86 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  87 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  88 #include "prims/jvmtiTagMap.hpp"
  89 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
  98 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  99 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 100 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
 101 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 102 #include "jvmci/jvmci.hpp"
 103 #endif
 104 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 105 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahJfrSupport.hpp"
 106 #endif
 107 
 108 class ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask : public WorkerTask {
 109 private:
 110   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 111   const size_t _page_size;
 112 public:
 113   ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask(size_t page_size) :
 114     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Heap"),
 115     _page_size(page_size) {}
 116 
 117   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 118     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 119     while (r != nullptr) {
 120       if (r->is_committed()) {
 121         os::pretouch_memory(r->bottom(), r->end(), _page_size);
 122       }
 123       r = _regions.next();
 124     }
 125   }
 126 };
 127 
 128 class ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask : public WorkerTask {
 129 private:
 130   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 131   char* _bitmap_base;
 132   const size_t _bitmap_size;
 133   const size_t _page_size;
 134 public:
 135   ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask(char* bitmap_base, size_t bitmap_size, size_t page_size) :
 136     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Bitmap"),
 137     _bitmap_base(bitmap_base),
 138     _bitmap_size(bitmap_size),
 139     _page_size(page_size) {}
 140 
 141   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 142     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 143     while (r != nullptr) {
 144       size_t start = r->index()       * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 145       size_t end   = (r->index() + 1) * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 146       assert (end <= _bitmap_size, "end is sane: %zu < %zu", end, _bitmap_size);
 147 
 148       if (r->is_committed()) {
 149         os::pretouch_memory(_bitmap_base + start, _bitmap_base + end, _page_size);
 150       }
 151 
 152       r = _regions.next();
 153     }
 154   }
 155 };
 156 
 157 static ReservedSpace reserve(size_t size, size_t preferred_page_size) {
 158   // When a page size is given we don't want to mix large
 159   // and normal pages. If the size is not a multiple of the
 160   // page size it will be aligned up to achieve this.
 161   size_t alignment = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
 162   if (preferred_page_size != os::vm_page_size()) {
 163     alignment = MAX2(preferred_page_size, alignment);
 164     size = align_up(size, alignment);
 165   }
 166 
 167   const ReservedSpace reserved = MemoryReserver::reserve(size, alignment, preferred_page_size, mtGC);
 168   if (!reserved.is_reserved()) {
 169     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve space");
 170   }
 171   return reserved;
 172 }
 173 
 174 jint ShenandoahHeap::initialize() {
 175   //
 176   // Figure out heap sizing
 177   //
 178 
 179   size_t init_byte_size = InitialHeapSize;
 180   size_t min_byte_size  = MinHeapSize;
 181   size_t max_byte_size  = MaxHeapSize;
 182   size_t heap_alignment = HeapAlignment;
 183 
 184   size_t reg_size_bytes = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 185 
 186   Universe::check_alignment(max_byte_size,  reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 187   Universe::check_alignment(init_byte_size, reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 188 
 189   _num_regions = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_count();
 190   assert(_num_regions == (max_byte_size / reg_size_bytes),
 191          "Regions should cover entire heap exactly: %zu != %zu/%zu",
 192          _num_regions, max_byte_size, reg_size_bytes);
 193 
 194   size_t num_committed_regions = init_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 195   num_committed_regions = MIN2(num_committed_regions, _num_regions);
 196   assert(num_committed_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 197   _initial_size = num_committed_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 198 
 199   size_t num_min_regions = min_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 200   num_min_regions = MIN2(num_min_regions, _num_regions);
 201   assert(num_min_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 202   _minimum_size = num_min_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 203 
 204   // Default to max heap size.
 205   _soft_max_size = _num_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 206 
 207   _committed = _initial_size;
 208 
 209   size_t heap_page_size   = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 210   size_t bitmap_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 211   size_t region_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 212 
 213   //
 214   // Reserve and commit memory for heap
 215   //
 216 
 217   ReservedHeapSpace heap_rs = Universe::reserve_heap(max_byte_size, heap_alignment);
 218   initialize_reserved_region(heap_rs);
 219   _heap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*)heap_rs.base(), heap_rs.size() / HeapWordSize);
 220   _heap_region_special = heap_rs.special();
 221 
 222   assert((((size_t) base()) & ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_mask()) == 0,
 223          "Misaligned heap: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(base()));
 224   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Heap",
 225                                           max_byte_size, heap_alignment,
 226                                           heap_rs.base(),
 227                                           heap_rs.size(), heap_rs.page_size());
 228 
 229 #if SHENANDOAH_OPTIMIZED_MARKTASK
 230   // The optimized ShenandoahMarkTask takes some bits away from the full object bits.
 231   // Fail if we ever attempt to address more than we can.
 232   if ((uintptr_t)heap_rs.end() >= ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable()) {
 233     FormatBuffer<512> buf("Shenandoah reserved [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT") for the heap, \n"
 234                           "but max object address is " PTR_FORMAT ". Try to reduce heap size, or try other \n"
 235                           "VM options that allocate heap at lower addresses (HeapBaseMinAddress, AllocateHeapAt, etc).",
 236                 p2i(heap_rs.base()), p2i(heap_rs.end()), ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable());
 237     vm_exit_during_initialization("Fatal Error", buf);
 238   }
 239 #endif
 240 
 241   ReservedSpace sh_rs = heap_rs.first_part(max_byte_size);
 242   if (!_heap_region_special) {
 243     os::commit_memory_or_exit(sh_rs.base(), _initial_size, heap_alignment, false,
 244                               "Cannot commit heap memory");
 245   }
 246 
 247   BarrierSet::set_barrier_set(new ShenandoahBarrierSet(this, _heap_region));
 248 
 249   // Now we know the number of regions and heap sizes, initialize the heuristics.
 250   initialize_heuristics();
 251 
 252   assert(_heap_region.byte_size() == heap_rs.size(), "Need to know reserved size for card table");
 253 
 254   //
 255   // Worker threads must be initialized after the barrier is configured
 256   //
 257   _workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("Shenandoah GC Threads", _max_workers);
 258   if (_workers == nullptr) {
 259     vm_exit_during_initialization("Failed necessary allocation.");
 260   } else {
 261     _workers->initialize_workers();
 262   }
 263 
 264   if (ParallelGCThreads > 1) {
 265     _safepoint_workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("Safepoint Cleanup Thread", ParallelGCThreads);
 266     _safepoint_workers->initialize_workers();
 267   }
 268 
 269   //
 270   // Reserve and commit memory for bitmap(s)
 271   //
 272 
 273   size_t bitmap_size_orig = ShenandoahMarkBitMap::compute_size(heap_rs.size());
 274   _bitmap_size = align_up(bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size);
 275 
 276   size_t bitmap_bytes_per_region = reg_size_bytes / ShenandoahMarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 277 
 278   guarantee(bitmap_bytes_per_region != 0,
 279             "Bitmap bytes per region should not be zero");
 280   guarantee(is_power_of_2(bitmap_bytes_per_region),
 281             "Bitmap bytes per region should be power of two: %zu", bitmap_bytes_per_region);
 282 
 283   if (bitmap_page_size > bitmap_bytes_per_region) {
 284     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = bitmap_page_size / bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 285     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_page_size;
 286   } else {
 287     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = 1;
 288     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 289   }
 290 
 291   guarantee(_bitmap_regions_per_slice >= 1,
 292             "Should have at least one region per slice: %zu",
 293             _bitmap_regions_per_slice);
 294 
 295   guarantee(((_bitmap_bytes_per_slice) % bitmap_page_size) == 0,
 296             "Bitmap slices should be page-granular: bps = %zu, page size = %zu",
 297             _bitmap_bytes_per_slice, bitmap_page_size);
 298 
 299   ReservedSpace bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 300   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Mark Bitmap",
 301                                           bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 302                                           bitmap.base(),
 303                                           bitmap.size(), bitmap.page_size());
 304   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(bitmap, mtGC);
 305   _bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) bitmap.base(), bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 306   _bitmap_region_special = bitmap.special();
 307 
 308   size_t bitmap_init_commit = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice *
 309     align_up(num_committed_regions, _bitmap_regions_per_slice) / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
 310   bitmap_init_commit = MIN2(_bitmap_size, bitmap_init_commit);
 311   if (!_bitmap_region_special) {
 312     os::commit_memory_or_exit((char *) _bitmap_region.start(), bitmap_init_commit, bitmap_page_size, false,
 313                               "Cannot commit bitmap memory");
 314   }
 315 
 316   _marking_context = new ShenandoahMarkingContext(_heap_region, _bitmap_region, _num_regions);
 317 
 318   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 319     ReservedSpace verify_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 320     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Verify Bitmap",
 321                                             bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 322                                             verify_bitmap.base(),
 323                                             verify_bitmap.size(), verify_bitmap.page_size());
 324     if (!verify_bitmap.special()) {
 325       os::commit_memory_or_exit(verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size(), bitmap_page_size, false,
 326                                 "Cannot commit verification bitmap memory");
 327     }
 328     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(verify_bitmap, mtGC);
 329     MemRegion verify_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord *) verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 330     _verification_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, verify_bitmap_region);
 331     _verifier = new ShenandoahVerifier(this, &_verification_bit_map);
 332   }
 333 
 334   // Reserve aux bitmap for use in object_iterate(). We don't commit it here.
 335   size_t aux_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 336 
 337   ReservedSpace aux_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, aux_bitmap_page_size);
 338   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Aux Bitmap",
 339                                           bitmap_size_orig, aux_bitmap_page_size,
 340                                           aux_bitmap.base(),
 341                                           aux_bitmap.size(), aux_bitmap.page_size());
 342   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(aux_bitmap, mtGC);
 343   _aux_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) aux_bitmap.base(), aux_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 344   _aux_bitmap_region_special = aux_bitmap.special();
 345   _aux_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, _aux_bitmap_region);
 346 
 347   //
 348   // Create regions and region sets
 349   //
 350   size_t region_align = align_up(sizeof(ShenandoahHeapRegion), SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
 351   size_t region_storage_size_orig = region_align * _num_regions;
 352   size_t region_storage_size = align_up(region_storage_size_orig,
 353                                         MAX2(region_page_size, os::vm_allocation_granularity()));
 354 
 355   ReservedSpace region_storage = reserve(region_storage_size, region_page_size);
 356   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Region Storage",
 357                                           region_storage_size_orig, region_page_size,
 358                                           region_storage.base(),
 359                                           region_storage.size(), region_storage.page_size());
 360   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(region_storage, mtGC);
 361   if (!region_storage.special()) {
 362     os::commit_memory_or_exit(region_storage.base(), region_storage_size, region_page_size, false,
 363                               "Cannot commit region memory");
 364   }
 365 
 366   // Try to fit the collection set bitmap at lower addresses. This optimizes code generation for cset checks.
 367   // Go up until a sensible limit (subject to encoding constraints) and try to reserve the space there.
 368   // If not successful, bite a bullet and allocate at whatever address.
 369   {
 370     const size_t cset_align = MAX2<size_t>(os::vm_page_size(), os::vm_allocation_granularity());
 371     const size_t cset_size = align_up(((size_t) sh_rs.base() + sh_rs.size()) >> ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_shift(), cset_align);
 372     const size_t cset_page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 373 
 374     uintptr_t min = round_up_power_of_2(cset_align);
 375     uintptr_t max = (1u << 30u);
 376     ReservedSpace cset_rs;
 377 
 378     for (uintptr_t addr = min; addr <= max; addr <<= 1u) {
 379       char* req_addr = (char*)addr;
 380       assert(is_aligned(req_addr, cset_align), "Should be aligned");
 381       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(req_addr, cset_size, cset_align, cset_page_size, mtGC);
 382       if (cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 383         assert(cset_rs.base() == req_addr, "Allocated where requested: " PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset_rs.base()), addr);
 384         _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 385         break;
 386       }
 387     }
 388 
 389     if (_collection_set == nullptr) {
 390       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(cset_size, cset_align, os::vm_page_size(), mtGC);
 391       if (!cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 392         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot reserve memory for collection set");
 393       }
 394 
 395       _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 396     }
 397     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Collection Set",
 398                                             cset_size, cset_page_size,
 399                                             cset_rs.base(),
 400                                             cset_rs.size(), cset_rs.page_size());
 401   }
 402 
 403   _regions = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahHeapRegion*, _num_regions, mtGC);
 404   _affiliations = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(uint8_t, _num_regions, mtGC);
 405 
 406   {
 407     ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
 408     _free_set = new ShenandoahFreeSet(this, _num_regions);
 409     for (size_t i = 0; i < _num_regions; i++) {
 410       HeapWord* start = (HeapWord*)sh_rs.base() + ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_words() * i;
 411       bool is_committed = i < num_committed_regions;
 412       void* loc = region_storage.base() + i * region_align;
 413 
 414       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = new (loc) ShenandoahHeapRegion(start, i, is_committed);
 415       assert(is_aligned(r, SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE), "Sanity");
 416 
 417       _marking_context->initialize_top_at_mark_start(r);
 418       _regions[i] = r;
 419       assert(!collection_set()->is_in(i), "New region should not be in collection set");
 420 
 421       _affiliations[i] = ShenandoahAffiliation::FREE;
 422     }
 423 
 424     size_t young_cset_regions, old_cset_regions;
 425 
 426     // We are initializing free set.  We ignore cset region tallies.
 427     size_t first_old, last_old, num_old;
 428     _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_cset_regions, old_cset_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old);
 429     _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_cset_regions, old_cset_regions, num_old);
 430   }
 431 
 432   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
 433     // For NUMA, it is important to pre-touch the storage under bitmaps with worker threads,
 434     // before initialize() below zeroes it with initializing thread. For any given region,
 435     // we touch the region and the corresponding bitmaps from the same thread.
 436     ShenandoahPushWorkerScope scope(workers(), _max_workers, false);
 437 
 438     _pretouch_heap_page_size = heap_page_size;
 439     _pretouch_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 440 
 441     // OS memory managers may want to coalesce back-to-back pages. Make their jobs
 442     // simpler by pre-touching continuous spaces (heap and bitmap) separately.
 443 
 444     ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask bcl(bitmap.base(), _bitmap_size, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
 445     _workers->run_task(&bcl);
 446 
 447     ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask hcl(_pretouch_heap_page_size);
 448     _workers->run_task(&hcl);
 449   }
 450 
 451   //
 452   // Initialize the rest of GC subsystems
 453   //
 454 
 455   _liveness_cache = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData*, _max_workers, mtGC);
 456   for (uint worker = 0; worker < _max_workers; worker++) {
 457     _liveness_cache[worker] = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData, _num_regions, mtGC);
 458     Copy::fill_to_bytes(_liveness_cache[worker], _num_regions * sizeof(ShenandoahLiveData));
 459   }
 460 
 461   // There should probably be Shenandoah-specific options for these,
 462   // just as there are G1-specific options.
 463   {
 464     ShenandoahSATBMarkQueueSet& satbqs = ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set();
 465     satbqs.set_process_completed_buffers_threshold(20); // G1SATBProcessCompletedThreshold
 466     satbqs.set_buffer_enqueue_threshold_percentage(60); // G1SATBBufferEnqueueingThresholdPercent
 467   }
 468 
 469   _monitoring_support = new ShenandoahMonitoringSupport(this);
 470   _phase_timings = new ShenandoahPhaseTimings(max_workers());
 471   ShenandoahCodeRoots::initialize();
 472 
 473   if (ShenandoahPacing) {
 474     _pacer = new ShenandoahPacer(this);
 475     _pacer->setup_for_idle();
 476   }
 477 
 478   initialize_controller();
 479 
 480   if (ShenandoahUncommit) {
 481     _uncommit_thread = new ShenandoahUncommitThread(this);
 482   }
 483 
 484   print_init_logger();
 485 
 486   FullGCForwarding::initialize(_heap_region);
 487 
 488   return JNI_OK;
 489 }
 490 
 491 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_controller() {
 492   _control_thread = new ShenandoahControlThread();
 493 }
 494 
 495 void ShenandoahHeap::print_init_logger() const {
 496   ShenandoahInitLogger::print();
 497 }
 498 
 499 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_mode() {
 500   if (ShenandoahGCMode != nullptr) {
 501     if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "satb") == 0) {
 502       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahSATBMode();
 503     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "passive") == 0) {
 504       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahPassiveMode();
 505     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "generational") == 0) {
 506       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahGenerationalMode();
 507     } else {
 508       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option");
 509     }
 510   } else {
 511     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option (null)");
 512   }
 513   _gc_mode->initialize_flags();
 514   if (_gc_mode->is_diagnostic() && !UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions) {
 515     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 516             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is diagnostic, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions.",
 517                     _gc_mode->name()));
 518   }
 519   if (_gc_mode->is_experimental() && !UnlockExperimentalVMOptions) {
 520     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 521             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is experimental, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions.",
 522                     _gc_mode->name()));
 523   }
 524 }
 525 
 526 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_heuristics() {
 527   _global_generation = new ShenandoahGlobalGeneration(mode()->is_generational(), max_workers(), max_capacity(), max_capacity());
 528   _global_generation->initialize_heuristics(mode());
 529 }
 530 
 531 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 532 #pragma warning( push )
 533 #pragma warning( disable:4355 ) // 'this' : used in base member initializer list
 534 #endif
 535 
 536 ShenandoahHeap::ShenandoahHeap(ShenandoahCollectorPolicy* policy) :
 537   CollectedHeap(),
 538   _gc_generation(nullptr),
 539   _active_generation(nullptr),
 540   _initial_size(0),
 541   _committed(0),
 542   _max_workers(MAX3(ConcGCThreads, ParallelGCThreads, 1U)),
 543   _workers(nullptr),
 544   _safepoint_workers(nullptr),
 545   _heap_region_special(false),
 546   _num_regions(0),
 547   _regions(nullptr),
 548   _affiliations(nullptr),
 549   _gc_state_changed(false),
 550   _gc_no_progress_count(0),
 551   _cancel_requested_time(0),
 552   _update_refs_iterator(this),
 553   _global_generation(nullptr),
 554   _control_thread(nullptr),
 555   _uncommit_thread(nullptr),
 556   _young_generation(nullptr),
 557   _old_generation(nullptr),
 558   _shenandoah_policy(policy),
 559   _gc_mode(nullptr),
 560   _free_set(nullptr),
 561   _pacer(nullptr),
 562   _verifier(nullptr),
 563   _phase_timings(nullptr),
 564   _monitoring_support(nullptr),
 565   _memory_pool(nullptr),
 566   _stw_memory_manager("Shenandoah Pauses"),
 567   _cycle_memory_manager("Shenandoah Cycles"),
 568   _gc_timer(new ConcurrentGCTimer()),
 569   _log_min_obj_alignment_in_bytes(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes),
 570   _marking_context(nullptr),
 571   _bitmap_size(0),
 572   _bitmap_regions_per_slice(0),
 573   _bitmap_bytes_per_slice(0),
 574   _bitmap_region_special(false),
 575   _aux_bitmap_region_special(false),
 576   _liveness_cache(nullptr),
 577   _collection_set(nullptr)
 578 {
 579   // Initialize GC mode early, many subsequent initialization procedures depend on it
 580   initialize_mode();
 581   _cancelled_gc.set(GCCause::_no_gc);
 582 }
 583 
 584 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 585 #pragma warning( pop )
 586 #endif
 587 
 588 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_on(outputStream* st) const {
 589   st->print_cr("Shenandoah Heap");
 590   st->print_cr(" %zu%s max, %zu%s soft max, %zu%s committed, %zu%s used",
 591                byte_size_in_proper_unit(max_capacity()), proper_unit_for_byte_size(max_capacity()),
 592                byte_size_in_proper_unit(soft_max_capacity()), proper_unit_for_byte_size(soft_max_capacity()),
 593                byte_size_in_proper_unit(committed()),    proper_unit_for_byte_size(committed()),
 594                byte_size_in_proper_unit(used()),         proper_unit_for_byte_size(used()));
 595   st->print_cr(" %zu x %zu %s regions",
 596                num_regions(),
 597                byte_size_in_proper_unit(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes()),
 598                proper_unit_for_byte_size(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes()));
 599 
 600   st->print("Status: ");
 601   if (has_forwarded_objects())                 st->print("has forwarded objects, ");
 602   if (!mode()->is_generational()) {
 603     if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress())      st->print("marking,");
 604   } else {
 605     if (is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress())    st->print("old marking, ");
 606     if (is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress())  st->print("young marking, ");
 607   }
 608   if (is_evacuation_in_progress())             st->print("evacuating, ");
 609   if (is_update_refs_in_progress())            st->print("updating refs, ");
 610   if (is_degenerated_gc_in_progress())         st->print("degenerated gc, ");
 611   if (is_full_gc_in_progress())                st->print("full gc, ");
 612   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress())           st->print("full gc move, ");
 613   if (is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())   st->print("concurrent weak roots, ");
 614   if (is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress() &&
 615       !is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())  st->print("concurrent strong roots, ");
 616 
 617   if (cancelled_gc()) {
 618     st->print("cancelled");
 619   } else {
 620     st->print("not cancelled");
 621   }
 622   st->cr();
 623 
 624   st->print_cr("Reserved region:");
 625   st->print_cr(" - [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT ") ",
 626                p2i(reserved_region().start()),
 627                p2i(reserved_region().end()));
 628 
 629   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cset = collection_set();
 630   st->print_cr("Collection set:");
 631   if (cset != nullptr) {
 632     st->print_cr(" - map (vanilla): " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->map_address()));
 633     st->print_cr(" - map (biased):  " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->biased_map_address()));
 634   } else {
 635     st->print_cr(" (null)");
 636   }
 637 
 638   st->cr();
 639 
 640   if (Verbose) {
 641     st->cr();
 642     print_heap_regions_on(st);
 643   }
 644 }
 645 
 646 void ShenandoahHeap::print_gc_on(outputStream* st) const {
 647   print_heap_regions_on(st);
 648 }
 649 
 650 class ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 651 public:
 652   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 653     assert(thread != nullptr, "Sanity");
 654     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::initialize_gclab(thread);
 655   }
 656 };
 657 
 658 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize() {
 659   CollectedHeap::post_initialize();
 660 
 661   // Schedule periodic task to report on gc thread CPU utilization
 662   _mmu_tracker.initialize();
 663 
 664   MutexLocker ml(Threads_lock);
 665 
 666   ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure init_gclabs;
 667   _workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 668 
 669   // gclab can not be initialized early during VM startup, as it can not determinate its max_size.
 670   // Now, we will let WorkerThreads to initialize gclab when new worker is created.
 671   _workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 672 
 673   // Note that the safepoint workers may require gclabs if the threads are used to create a heap dump
 674   // during a concurrent evacuation phase.
 675   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
 676     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 677     _safepoint_workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 678   }
 679 
 680   JFR_ONLY(ShenandoahJFRSupport::register_jfr_type_serializers();)
 681 }
 682 
 683 ShenandoahHeuristics* ShenandoahHeap::heuristics() {
 684   return _global_generation->heuristics();
 685 }
 686 
 687 size_t ShenandoahHeap::used() const {
 688   return global_generation()->used();
 689 }
 690 
 691 size_t ShenandoahHeap::committed() const {
 692   return Atomic::load(&_committed);
 693 }
 694 
 695 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_committed(size_t bytes) {
 696   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 697   _committed += bytes;
 698 }
 699 
 700 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_committed(size_t bytes) {
 701   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 702   _committed -= bytes;
 703 }
 704 
 705 // For tracking usage based on allocations, it should be the case that:
 706 // * The sum of regions::used == heap::used
 707 // * The sum of a generation's regions::used == generation::used
 708 // * The sum of a generation's humongous regions::free == generation::humongous_waste
 709 // These invariants are checked by the verifier on GC safepoints.
 710 //
 711 // Additional notes:
 712 // * When a mutator's allocation request causes a region to be retired, the
 713 //   free memory left in that region is considered waste. It does not contribute
 714 //   to the usage, but it _does_ contribute to allocation rate.
 715 // * The bottom of a PLAB must be aligned on card size. In some cases this will
 716 //   require padding in front of the PLAB (a filler object). Because this padding
 717 //   is included in the region's used memory we include the padding in the usage
 718 //   accounting as waste.
 719 // * Mutator allocations are used to compute an allocation rate. They are also
 720 //   sent to the Pacer for those purposes.
 721 // * There are three sources of waste:
 722 //  1. The padding used to align a PLAB on card size
 723 //  2. Region's free is less than minimum TLAB size and is retired
 724 //  3. The unused portion of memory in the last region of a humongous object
 725 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_used(const ShenandoahAllocRequest& req) {
 726   size_t actual_bytes = req.actual_size() * HeapWordSize;
 727   size_t wasted_bytes = req.waste() * HeapWordSize;
 728   ShenandoahGeneration* generation = generation_for(req.affiliation());
 729 
 730   if (req.is_gc_alloc()) {
 731     assert(wasted_bytes == 0 || req.type() == ShenandoahAllocRequest::_alloc_plab, "Only PLABs have waste");
 732     increase_used(generation, actual_bytes + wasted_bytes);
 733   } else {
 734     assert(req.is_mutator_alloc(), "Expected mutator alloc here");
 735     // padding and actual size both count towards allocation counter
 736     generation->increase_allocated(actual_bytes + wasted_bytes);
 737 
 738     // only actual size counts toward usage for mutator allocations
 739     increase_used(generation, actual_bytes);
 740 
 741     // notify pacer of both actual size and waste
 742     notify_mutator_alloc_words(req.actual_size(), req.waste());
 743 
 744     if (wasted_bytes > 0 && ShenandoahHeapRegion::requires_humongous(req.actual_size())) {
 745       increase_humongous_waste(generation,wasted_bytes);
 746     }
 747   }
 748 }
 749 
 750 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_humongous_waste(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, size_t bytes) {
 751   generation->increase_humongous_waste(bytes);
 752   if (!generation->is_global()) {
 753     global_generation()->increase_humongous_waste(bytes);
 754   }
 755 }
 756 
 757 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_humongous_waste(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, size_t bytes) {
 758   generation->decrease_humongous_waste(bytes);
 759   if (!generation->is_global()) {
 760     global_generation()->decrease_humongous_waste(bytes);
 761   }
 762 }
 763 
 764 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_used(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, size_t bytes) {
 765   generation->increase_used(bytes);
 766   if (!generation->is_global()) {
 767     global_generation()->increase_used(bytes);
 768   }
 769 }
 770 
 771 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_used(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, size_t bytes) {
 772   generation->decrease_used(bytes);
 773   if (!generation->is_global()) {
 774     global_generation()->decrease_used(bytes);
 775   }
 776 }
 777 
 778 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_mutator_alloc_words(size_t words, size_t waste) {
 779   if (ShenandoahPacing) {
 780     control_thread()->pacing_notify_alloc(words);
 781     if (waste > 0) {
 782       pacer()->claim_for_alloc<true>(waste);
 783     }
 784   }
 785 }
 786 
 787 size_t ShenandoahHeap::capacity() const {
 788   return committed();
 789 }
 790 
 791 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_capacity() const {
 792   return _num_regions * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 793 }
 794 
 795 size_t ShenandoahHeap::soft_max_capacity() const {
 796   size_t v = Atomic::load(&_soft_max_size);
 797   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 798          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 799          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 800   return v;
 801 }
 802 
 803 void ShenandoahHeap::set_soft_max_capacity(size_t v) {
 804   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 805          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 806          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 807   Atomic::store(&_soft_max_size, v);
 808 }
 809 
 810 size_t ShenandoahHeap::min_capacity() const {
 811   return _minimum_size;
 812 }
 813 
 814 size_t ShenandoahHeap::initial_capacity() const {
 815   return _initial_size;
 816 }
 817 
 818 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_in(const void* p) const {
 819   if (!is_in_reserved(p)) {
 820     return false;
 821   }
 822 
 823   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress()) {
 824     // Full GC move is running, we do not have a consistent region
 825     // information yet. But we know the pointer is in heap.
 826     return true;
 827   }
 828 
 829   // Now check if we point to a live section in active region.
 830   const ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
 831   if (p >= r->top()) {
 832     return false;
 833   }
 834 
 835   if (r->is_active()) {
 836     return true;
 837   }
 838 
 839   // The region is trash, but won't be recycled until after concurrent weak
 840   // roots. We also don't allow mutators to allocate from trash regions
 841   // during weak roots. Concurrent class unloading may access unmarked oops
 842   // in trash regions.
 843   return r->is_trash() && is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress();
 844 }
 845 
 846 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_soft_max_changed() {
 847   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 848     _uncommit_thread->notify_soft_max_changed();
 849   }
 850 }
 851 
 852 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_explicit_gc_requested() {
 853   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 854     _uncommit_thread->notify_explicit_gc_requested();
 855   }
 856 }
 857 
 858 bool ShenandoahHeap::check_soft_max_changed() {
 859   size_t new_soft_max = Atomic::load(&SoftMaxHeapSize);
 860   size_t old_soft_max = soft_max_capacity();
 861   if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 862     new_soft_max = MAX2(min_capacity(), new_soft_max);
 863     new_soft_max = MIN2(max_capacity(), new_soft_max);
 864     if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 865       log_info(gc)("Soft Max Heap Size: %zu%s -> %zu%s",
 866                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(old_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(old_soft_max),
 867                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(new_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(new_soft_max)
 868       );
 869       set_soft_max_capacity(new_soft_max);
 870       return true;
 871     }
 872   }
 873   return false;
 874 }
 875 
 876 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_heap_changed() {
 877   // Update monitoring counters when we took a new region. This amortizes the
 878   // update costs on slow path.
 879   monitoring_support()->notify_heap_changed();
 880   _heap_changed.try_set();
 881 }
 882 
 883 void ShenandoahHeap::set_forced_counters_update(bool value) {
 884   monitoring_support()->set_forced_counters_update(value);
 885 }
 886 
 887 void ShenandoahHeap::handle_force_counters_update() {
 888   monitoring_support()->handle_force_counters_update();
 889 }
 890 
 891 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_from_gclab_slow(Thread* thread, size_t size) {
 892   // New object should fit the GCLAB size
 893   size_t min_size = MAX2(size, PLAB::min_size());
 894 
 895   // Figure out size of new GCLAB, looking back at heuristics. Expand aggressively.
 896   size_t new_size = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) * 2;
 897 
 898   new_size = MIN2(new_size, PLAB::max_size());
 899   new_size = MAX2(new_size, PLAB::min_size());
 900 
 901   // Record new heuristic value even if we take any shortcut. This captures
 902   // the case when moderately-sized objects always take a shortcut. At some point,
 903   // heuristics should catch up with them.
 904   log_debug(gc, free)("Set new GCLAB size: %zu", new_size);
 905   ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, new_size);
 906 
 907   if (new_size < size) {
 908     // New size still does not fit the object. Fall back to shared allocation.
 909     // This avoids retiring perfectly good GCLABs, when we encounter a large object.
 910     log_debug(gc, free)("New gclab size (%zu) is too small for %zu", new_size, size);
 911     return nullptr;
 912   }
 913 
 914   // Retire current GCLAB, and allocate a new one.
 915   PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
 916   gclab->retire();
 917 
 918   size_t actual_size = 0;
 919   HeapWord* gclab_buf = allocate_new_gclab(min_size, new_size, &actual_size);
 920   if (gclab_buf == nullptr) {
 921     return nullptr;
 922   }
 923 
 924   assert (size <= actual_size, "allocation should fit");
 925 
 926   // ...and clear or zap just allocated TLAB, if needed.
 927   if (ZeroTLAB) {
 928     Copy::zero_to_words(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 929   } else if (ZapTLAB) {
 930     // Skip mangling the space corresponding to the object header to
 931     // ensure that the returned space is not considered parsable by
 932     // any concurrent GC thread.
 933     size_t hdr_size = oopDesc::header_size();
 934     Copy::fill_to_words(gclab_buf + hdr_size, actual_size - hdr_size, badHeapWordVal);
 935   }
 936   gclab->set_buf(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 937   return gclab->allocate(size);
 938 }
 939 
 940 // Called from stubs in JIT code or interpreter
 941 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_tlab(size_t min_size,
 942                                             size_t requested_size,
 943                                             size_t* actual_size) {
 944   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_tlab(min_size, requested_size);
 945   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 946   if (res != nullptr) {
 947     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 948   } else {
 949     *actual_size = 0;
 950   }
 951   return res;
 952 }
 953 
 954 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_gclab(size_t min_size,
 955                                              size_t word_size,
 956                                              size_t* actual_size) {
 957   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_gclab(min_size, word_size);
 958   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 959   if (res != nullptr) {
 960     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 961   } else {
 962     *actual_size = 0;
 963   }
 964   return res;
 965 }
 966 
 967 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req) {
 968   intptr_t pacer_epoch = 0;
 969   bool in_new_region = false;
 970   HeapWord* result = nullptr;
 971 
 972   if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
 973     if (ShenandoahPacing) {
 974       pacer()->pace_for_alloc(req.size());
 975       pacer_epoch = pacer()->epoch();
 976     }
 977 
 978     if (!ShenandoahAllocFailureALot || !should_inject_alloc_failure()) {
 979       result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 980     }
 981 
 982     // Check that gc overhead is not exceeded.
 983     //
 984     // Shenandoah will grind along for quite a while allocating one
 985     // object at a time using shared (non-tlab) allocations. This check
 986     // is testing that the GC overhead limit has not been exceeded.
 987     // This will notify the collector to start a cycle, but will raise
 988     // an OOME to the mutator if the last Full GCs have not made progress.
 989     // gc_no_progress_count is incremented following each degen or full GC that fails to achieve is_good_progress().
 990     if (result == nullptr && !req.is_lab_alloc() && get_gc_no_progress_count() > ShenandoahNoProgressThreshold) {
 991       control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, false);
 992       req.set_actual_size(0);
 993       return nullptr;
 994     }
 995 
 996     if (result == nullptr) {
 997       // Block until control thread reacted, then retry allocation.
 998       //
 999       // It might happen that one of the threads requesting allocation would unblock
1000       // way later after GC happened, only to fail the second allocation, because
1001       // other threads have already depleted the free storage. In this case, a better
1002       // strategy is to try again, until at least one full GC has completed.
1003       //
1004       // Stop retrying and return nullptr to cause OOMError exception if our allocation failed even after:
1005       //   a) We experienced a GC that had good progress, or
1006       //   b) We experienced at least one Full GC (whether or not it had good progress)
1007 
1008       const size_t original_count = shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count();
1009       while (result == nullptr && should_retry_allocation(original_count)) {
1010         control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, true);
1011         result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
1012       }
1013       if (result != nullptr) {
1014         // If our allocation request has been satisfied after it initially failed, we count this as good gc progress
1015         notify_gc_progress();
1016       }
1017       if (log_develop_is_enabled(Debug, gc, alloc)) {
1018         ResourceMark rm;
1019         log_debug(gc, alloc)("Thread: %s, Result: " PTR_FORMAT ", Request: %s, Size: %zu"
1020                              ", Original: %zu, Latest: %zu",
1021                              Thread::current()->name(), p2i(result), req.type_string(), req.size(),
1022                              original_count, get_gc_no_progress_count());
1023       }
1024     }
1025   } else {
1026     assert(req.is_gc_alloc(), "Can only accept GC allocs here");
1027     result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
1028     // Do not call handle_alloc_failure() here, because we cannot block.
1029     // The allocation failure would be handled by the LRB slowpath with handle_alloc_failure_evac().
1030   }
1031 
1032   if (in_new_region) {
1033     notify_heap_changed();
1034   }
1035 
1036   if (result == nullptr) {
1037     req.set_actual_size(0);
1038   }
1039 
1040   // This is called regardless of the outcome of the allocation to account
1041   // for any waste created by retiring regions with this request.
1042   increase_used(req);
1043 
1044   if (result != nullptr) {
1045     size_t requested = req.size();
1046     size_t actual = req.actual_size();
1047 
1048     assert (req.is_lab_alloc() || (requested == actual),
1049             "Only LAB allocations are elastic: %s, requested = %zu, actual = %zu",
1050             ShenandoahAllocRequest::alloc_type_to_string(req.type()), requested, actual);
1051 
1052     if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
1053       // If we requested more than we were granted, give the rest back to pacer.
1054       // This only matters if we are in the same pacing epoch: do not try to unpace
1055       // over the budget for the other phase.
1056       if (ShenandoahPacing && (pacer_epoch > 0) && (requested > actual)) {
1057         pacer()->unpace_for_alloc(pacer_epoch, requested - actual);
1058       }
1059     }
1060   }
1061 
1062   return result;
1063 }
1064 
1065 inline bool ShenandoahHeap::should_retry_allocation(size_t original_full_gc_count) const {
1066   return shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count() == original_full_gc_count
1067       && !shenandoah_policy()->is_at_shutdown();
1068 }
1069 
1070 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory_under_lock(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req, bool& in_new_region) {
1071   // If we are dealing with mutator allocation, then we may need to block for safepoint.
1072   // We cannot block for safepoint for GC allocations, because there is a high chance
1073   // we are already running at safepoint or from stack watermark machinery, and we cannot
1074   // block again.
1075   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock(), req.is_mutator_alloc());
1076 
1077   // Make sure the old generation has room for either evacuations or promotions before trying to allocate.
1078   if (req.is_old() && !old_generation()->can_allocate(req)) {
1079     return nullptr;
1080   }
1081 
1082   // If TLAB request size is greater than available, allocate() will attempt to downsize request to fit within available
1083   // memory.
1084   HeapWord* result = _free_set->allocate(req, in_new_region);
1085 
1086   // Record the plab configuration for this result and register the object.
1087   if (result != nullptr && req.is_old()) {
1088     old_generation()->configure_plab_for_current_thread(req);
1089     if (req.type() == ShenandoahAllocRequest::_alloc_shared_gc) {
1090       // Register the newly allocated object while we're holding the global lock since there's no synchronization
1091       // built in to the implementation of register_object().  There are potential races when multiple independent
1092       // threads are allocating objects, some of which might span the same card region.  For example, consider
1093       // a card table's memory region within which three objects are being allocated by three different threads:
1094       //
1095       // objects being "concurrently" allocated:
1096       //    [-----a------][-----b-----][--------------c------------------]
1097       //            [---- card table memory range --------------]
1098       //
1099       // Before any objects are allocated, this card's memory range holds no objects.  Note that allocation of object a
1100       // wants to set the starts-object, first-start, and last-start attributes of the preceding card region.
1101       // Allocation of object b wants to set the starts-object, first-start, and last-start attributes of this card region.
1102       // Allocation of object c also wants to set the starts-object, first-start, and last-start attributes of this
1103       // card region.
1104       //
1105       // The thread allocating b and the thread allocating c can "race" in various ways, resulting in confusion, such as
1106       // last-start representing object b while first-start represents object c.  This is why we need to require all
1107       // register_object() invocations to be "mutually exclusive" with respect to each card's memory range.
1108       old_generation()->card_scan()->register_object(result);
1109     }
1110   }
1111 
1112   return result;
1113 }
1114 
1115 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::mem_allocate(size_t size,
1116                                         bool*  gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded) {
1117   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared(size);
1118   return allocate_memory(req);
1119 }
1120 
1121 MetaWord* ShenandoahHeap::satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
1122                                                              size_t size,
1123                                                              Metaspace::MetadataType mdtype) {
1124   MetaWord* result;
1125 
1126   // Inform metaspace OOM to GC heuristics if class unloading is possible.
1127   ShenandoahHeuristics* h = global_generation()->heuristics();
1128   if (h->can_unload_classes()) {
1129     h->record_metaspace_oom();
1130   }
1131 
1132   // Expand and retry allocation
1133   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1134   if (result != nullptr) {
1135     return result;
1136   }
1137 
1138   // Start full GC
1139   collect(GCCause::_metadata_GC_clear_soft_refs);
1140 
1141   // Retry allocation
1142   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->allocate(size, mdtype);
1143   if (result != nullptr) {
1144     return result;
1145   }
1146 
1147   // Expand and retry allocation
1148   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1149   if (result != nullptr) {
1150     return result;
1151   }
1152 
1153   // Out of memory
1154   return nullptr;
1155 }
1156 
1157 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1158 private:
1159   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1160   Thread* const _thread;
1161 public:
1162   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
1163     _heap(heap), _thread(Thread::current()) {}
1164 
1165   void do_object(oop p) {
1166     shenandoah_assert_marked(nullptr, p);
1167     if (!p->is_forwarded()) {
1168       _heap->evacuate_object(p, _thread);
1169     }
1170   }
1171 };
1172 
1173 class ShenandoahEvacuationTask : public WorkerTask {
1174 private:
1175   ShenandoahHeap* const _sh;
1176   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1177   bool _concurrent;
1178 public:
1179   ShenandoahEvacuationTask(ShenandoahHeap* sh,
1180                            ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs,
1181                            bool concurrent) :
1182     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuation"),
1183     _sh(sh),
1184     _cs(cs),
1185     _concurrent(concurrent)
1186   {}
1187 
1188   void work(uint worker_id) {
1189     if (_concurrent) {
1190       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1191       ShenandoahSuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
1192       ShenandoahEvacOOMScope oom_evac_scope;
1193       do_work();
1194     } else {
1195       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1196       ShenandoahEvacOOMScope oom_evac_scope;
1197       do_work();
1198     }
1199   }
1200 
1201 private:
1202   void do_work() {
1203     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure cl(_sh);
1204     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1205     while ((r =_cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1206       assert(r->has_live(), "Region %zu should have been reclaimed early", r->index());
1207       _sh->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1208 
1209       if (ShenandoahPacing) {
1210         _sh->pacer()->report_evac(r->used() >> LogHeapWordSize);
1211       }
1212 
1213       if (_sh->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(_concurrent)) {
1214         break;
1215       }
1216     }
1217   }
1218 };
1219 
1220 class ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1221 private:
1222   bool const _resize;
1223 public:
1224   explicit ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure(bool resize) : _resize(resize) {}
1225   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1226     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1227     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1228     gclab->retire();
1229     if (_resize && ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) > 0) {
1230       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, 0);
1231     }
1232 
1233     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1234       PLAB* plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::plab(thread);
1235       assert(plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1236 
1237       // There are two reasons to retire all plabs between old-gen evacuation passes.
1238       //  1. We need to make the plab memory parsable by remembered-set scanning.
1239       //  2. We need to establish a trustworthy UpdateWaterMark value within each old-gen heap region
1240       ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->retire_plab(plab, thread);
1241 
1242       // Re-enable promotions for the next evacuation phase.
1243       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::enable_plab_promotions(thread);
1244 
1245       // Reset the fill size for next evacuation phase.
1246       if (_resize && ShenandoahThreadLocalData::plab_size(thread) > 0) {
1247         ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_plab_size(thread, 0);
1248       }
1249     }
1250   }
1251 };
1252 
1253 class ShenandoahGCStatePropagator : public HandshakeClosure {
1254 public:
1255   explicit ShenandoahGCStatePropagator(char gc_state) :
1256     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah GC State Change"),
1257     _gc_state(gc_state) {}
1258 
1259   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1260     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gc_state(thread, _gc_state);
1261   }
1262 private:
1263   char _gc_state;
1264 };
1265 
1266 class ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefs : public HandshakeClosure {
1267 public:
1268   explicit ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefs(char gc_state) :
1269     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Prepare for Update Refs"),
1270     _retire(ResizeTLAB), _propagator(gc_state) {}
1271 
1272   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1273     _propagator.do_thread(thread);
1274     if (ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread) != nullptr) {
1275       _retire.do_thread(thread);
1276     }
1277   }
1278 private:
1279   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure _retire;
1280   ShenandoahGCStatePropagator _propagator;
1281 };
1282 
1283 void ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_collection_set(bool concurrent) {
1284   ShenandoahEvacuationTask task(this, _collection_set, concurrent);
1285   workers()->run_task(&task);
1286 }
1287 
1288 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_prepare_for_update_refs() {
1289   {
1290     // Java threads take this lock while they are being attached and added to the list of thread.
1291     // If another thread holds this lock before we update the gc state, it will receive a stale
1292     // gc state, but they will have been added to the list of java threads and so will be corrected
1293     // by the following handshake.
1294     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1295 
1296     // A cancellation at this point means the degenerated cycle must resume from update-refs.
1297     set_gc_state_concurrent(EVACUATION, false);
1298     set_gc_state_concurrent(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1299     set_gc_state_concurrent(UPDATE_REFS, true);
1300   }
1301 
1302   // This will propagate the gc state and retire gclabs and plabs for threads that require it.
1303   ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefs prepare_for_update_refs(_gc_state.raw_value());
1304 
1305   // The handshake won't touch worker threads (or control thread, or VM thread), so do those separately.
1306   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1307 
1308   // Now retire gclabs and plabs and propagate gc_state for mutator threads
1309   Handshake::execute(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1310 
1311   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
1312 }
1313 
1314 class ShenandoahCompositeHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1315   HandshakeClosure* _handshake_1;
1316   HandshakeClosure* _handshake_2;
1317   public:
1318     ShenandoahCompositeHandshakeClosure(HandshakeClosure* handshake_1, HandshakeClosure* handshake_2) :
1319       HandshakeClosure(handshake_2->name()),
1320       _handshake_1(handshake_1), _handshake_2(handshake_2) {}
1321 
1322   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1323       _handshake_1->do_thread(thread);
1324       _handshake_2->do_thread(thread);
1325     }
1326 };
1327 
1328 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_final_roots(HandshakeClosure* handshake_closure) {
1329   {
1330     assert(!is_evacuation_in_progress(), "Should not evacuate for abbreviated or old cycles");
1331     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1332     set_gc_state_concurrent(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1333   }
1334 
1335   ShenandoahGCStatePropagator propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
1336   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&propagator);
1337   if (handshake_closure == nullptr) {
1338     Handshake::execute(&propagator);
1339   } else {
1340     ShenandoahCompositeHandshakeClosure composite(&propagator, handshake_closure);
1341     Handshake::execute(&composite);
1342   }
1343 }
1344 
1345 oop ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread) {
1346   assert(thread == Thread::current(), "Expected thread parameter to be current thread.");
1347   if (ShenandoahThreadLocalData::is_oom_during_evac(thread)) {
1348     // This thread went through the OOM during evac protocol. It is safe to return
1349     // the forward pointer. It must not attempt to evacuate any other objects.
1350     return ShenandoahBarrierSet::resolve_forwarded(p);
1351   }
1352 
1353   assert(ShenandoahThreadLocalData::is_evac_allowed(thread), "must be enclosed in oom-evac scope");
1354 
1355   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
1356   assert(!r->is_humongous(), "never evacuate humongous objects");
1357 
1358   ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen = r->affiliation();
1359   return try_evacuate_object(p, thread, r, target_gen);
1360 }
1361 
1362 oop ShenandoahHeap::try_evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread, ShenandoahHeapRegion* from_region,
1363                                                ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen) {
1364   assert(target_gen == YOUNG_GENERATION, "Only expect evacuations to young in this mode");
1365   assert(from_region->is_young(), "Only expect evacuations from young in this mode");
1366   bool alloc_from_lab = true;
1367   HeapWord* copy = nullptr;
1368   size_t size = ShenandoahForwarding::size(p);
1369 
1370 #ifdef ASSERT
1371   if (ShenandoahOOMDuringEvacALot &&
1372       (os::random() & 1) == 0) { // Simulate OOM every ~2nd slow-path call
1373     copy = nullptr;
1374   } else {
1375 #endif
1376     if (UseTLAB) {
1377       copy = allocate_from_gclab(thread, size);
1378     }
1379     if (copy == nullptr) {
1380       // If we failed to allocate in LAB, we'll try a shared allocation.
1381       ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared_gc(size, target_gen);
1382       copy = allocate_memory(req);
1383       alloc_from_lab = false;
1384     }
1385 #ifdef ASSERT
1386   }
1387 #endif
1388 
1389   if (copy == nullptr) {
1390     control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure_evac(size);
1391 
1392     _oom_evac_handler.handle_out_of_memory_during_evacuation();
1393 
1394     return ShenandoahBarrierSet::resolve_forwarded(p);
1395   }
1396 
1397   // Copy the object:
1398   Copy::aligned_disjoint_words(cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(p), copy, size);
1399 
1400   // Try to install the new forwarding pointer.
1401   oop copy_val = cast_to_oop(copy);
1402   oop result = ShenandoahForwarding::try_update_forwardee(p, copy_val);
1403   if (result == copy_val) {
1404     // Successfully evacuated. Our copy is now the public one!
1405     ContinuationGCSupport::relativize_stack_chunk(copy_val);
1406     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1407     return copy_val;
1408   }  else {
1409     // Failed to evacuate. We need to deal with the object that is left behind. Since this
1410     // new allocation is certainly after TAMS, it will be considered live in the next cycle.
1411     // But if it happens to contain references to evacuated regions, those references would
1412     // not get updated for this stale copy during this cycle, and we will crash while scanning
1413     // it the next cycle.
1414     if (alloc_from_lab) {
1415       // For LAB allocations, it is enough to rollback the allocation ptr. Either the next
1416       // object will overwrite this stale copy, or the filler object on LAB retirement will
1417       // do this.
1418       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread)->undo_allocation(copy, size);
1419     } else {
1420       // For non-LAB allocations, we have no way to retract the allocation, and
1421       // have to explicitly overwrite the copy with the filler object. With that overwrite,
1422       // we have to keep the fwdptr initialized and pointing to our (stale) copy.
1423       assert(size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated object known to be larger than min_size");
1424       fill_with_object(copy, size);
1425       shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1426       // For non-LAB allocations, the object has already been registered
1427     }
1428     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, result);
1429     return result;
1430   }
1431 }
1432 
1433 void ShenandoahHeap::trash_cset_regions() {
1434   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
1435 
1436   ShenandoahCollectionSet* set = collection_set();
1437   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1438   set->clear_current_index();
1439   while ((r = set->next()) != nullptr) {
1440     r->make_trash();
1441   }
1442   collection_set()->clear();
1443 }
1444 
1445 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_regions_on(outputStream* st) const {
1446   st->print_cr("Heap Regions:");
1447   st->print_cr("Region state: EU=empty-uncommitted, EC=empty-committed, R=regular, H=humongous start, HP=pinned humongous start");
1448   st->print_cr("              HC=humongous continuation, CS=collection set, TR=trash, P=pinned, CSP=pinned collection set");
1449   st->print_cr("BTE=bottom/top/end, TAMS=top-at-mark-start");
1450   st->print_cr("UWM=update watermark, U=used");
1451   st->print_cr("T=TLAB allocs, G=GCLAB allocs");
1452   st->print_cr("S=shared allocs, L=live data");
1453   st->print_cr("CP=critical pins");
1454 
1455   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
1456     get_region(i)->print_on(st);
1457   }
1458 }
1459 
1460 size_t ShenandoahHeap::trash_humongous_region_at(ShenandoahHeapRegion* start) const {
1461   assert(start->is_humongous_start(), "reclaim regions starting with the first one");
1462   assert(!start->has_live(), "liveness must be zero");
1463 
1464   // Do not try to get the size of this humongous object. STW collections will
1465   // have already unloaded classes, so an unmarked object may have a bad klass pointer.
1466   ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = start;
1467   size_t index = region->index();
1468   do {
1469     assert(region->is_humongous(), "Expect correct humongous start or continuation");
1470     assert(!region->is_cset(), "Humongous region should not be in collection set");
1471     region->make_trash_immediate();
1472     region = get_region(++index);
1473   } while (region != nullptr && region->is_humongous_continuation());
1474 
1475   // Return number of regions trashed
1476   return index - start->index();
1477 }
1478 
1479 class ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1480 public:
1481   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure() {}
1482   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1483     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1484     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1485     assert(gclab->words_remaining() == 0, "GCLAB should not need retirement");
1486 
1487     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1488       PLAB* plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::plab(thread);
1489       assert(plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1490       assert(plab->words_remaining() == 0, "PLAB should not need retirement");
1491     }
1492   }
1493 };
1494 
1495 void ShenandoahHeap::labs_make_parsable() {
1496   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1497 
1498   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(false);
1499 
1500   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1501     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer& tlab = t->tlab();
1502     tlab.make_parsable();
1503     if (ZeroTLAB) {
1504       t->retire_tlab();
1505     }
1506     cl.do_thread(t);
1507   }
1508 
1509   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1510 
1511   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1512     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1513   }
1514 }
1515 
1516 void ShenandoahHeap::tlabs_retire(bool resize) {
1517   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1518   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1519 
1520   ThreadLocalAllocStats stats;
1521 
1522   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1523     t->retire_tlab(&stats);
1524     if (resize) {
1525       t->tlab().resize();
1526     }
1527   }
1528 
1529   stats.publish();
1530 
1531 #ifdef ASSERT
1532   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure cl;
1533   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1534     cl.do_thread(t);
1535   }
1536   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1537 #endif
1538 }
1539 
1540 void ShenandoahHeap::gclabs_retire(bool resize) {
1541   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1542   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1543 
1544   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(resize);
1545   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1546     cl.do_thread(t);
1547   }
1548 
1549   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1550 
1551   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1552     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1553   }
1554 }
1555 
1556 // Returns size in bytes
1557 size_t ShenandoahHeap::unsafe_max_tlab_alloc(Thread *thread) const {
1558   // Return the max allowed size, and let the allocation path
1559   // figure out the safe size for current allocation.
1560   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_bytes();
1561 }
1562 
1563 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_tlab_size() const {
1564   // Returns size in words
1565   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_words();
1566 }
1567 
1568 void ShenandoahHeap::collect_as_vm_thread(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1569   // These requests are ignored because we can't easily have Shenandoah jump into
1570   // a synchronous (degenerated or full) cycle while it is in the middle of a concurrent
1571   // cycle. We _could_ cancel the concurrent cycle and then try to run a cycle directly
1572   // on the VM thread, but this would confuse the control thread mightily and doesn't
1573   // seem worth the trouble. Instead, we will have the caller thread run (and wait for) a
1574   // concurrent cycle in the prologue of the heap inspect/dump operation. This is how
1575   // other concurrent collectors in the JVM handle this scenario as well.
1576   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Should be the VM thread");
1577   guarantee(cause == GCCause::_heap_dump || cause == GCCause::_heap_inspection, "Invalid cause");
1578 }
1579 
1580 void ShenandoahHeap::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1581   control_thread()->request_gc(cause);
1582 }
1583 
1584 void ShenandoahHeap::do_full_collection(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
1585   //assert(false, "Shouldn't need to do full collections");
1586 }
1587 
1588 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::block_start(const void* addr) const {
1589   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1590   if (r != nullptr) {
1591     return r->block_start(addr);
1592   }
1593   return nullptr;
1594 }
1595 
1596 bool ShenandoahHeap::block_is_obj(const HeapWord* addr) const {
1597   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1598   return r->block_is_obj(addr);
1599 }
1600 
1601 bool ShenandoahHeap::print_location(outputStream* st, void* addr) const {
1602   return BlockLocationPrinter<ShenandoahHeap>::print_location(st, addr);
1603 }
1604 
1605 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_for_verify() {
1606   if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() && UseTLAB) {
1607     labs_make_parsable();
1608   }
1609 }
1610 
1611 void ShenandoahHeap::gc_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tcl) const {
1612   if (_shenandoah_policy->is_at_shutdown()) {
1613     return;
1614   }
1615 
1616   if (_control_thread != nullptr) {
1617     tcl->do_thread(_control_thread);
1618   }
1619 
1620   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
1621     tcl->do_thread(_uncommit_thread);
1622   }
1623 
1624   workers()->threads_do(tcl);
1625   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
1626     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(tcl);
1627   }
1628 }
1629 
1630 void ShenandoahHeap::print_tracing_info() const {
1631   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1632   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1633     ResourceMark rm;
1634     LogStream ls(lt);
1635 
1636     phase_timings()->print_global_on(&ls);
1637 
1638     ls.cr();
1639     ls.cr();
1640 
1641     shenandoah_policy()->print_gc_stats(&ls);
1642 
1643     ls.cr();
1644     ls.cr();
1645   }
1646 }
1647 
1648 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_generation(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1649   shenandoah_assert_control_or_vm_thread_at_safepoint();
1650   _gc_generation = generation;
1651 }
1652 
1653 // Active generation may only be set by the VM thread at a safepoint.
1654 void ShenandoahHeap::set_active_generation() {
1655   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only the VM Thread");
1656   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Only at a safepoint!");
1657   assert(_gc_generation != nullptr, "Will set _active_generation to nullptr");
1658   _active_generation = _gc_generation;
1659 }
1660 
1661 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_start(GCCause::Cause cause, ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1662   shenandoah_policy()->record_collection_cause(cause);
1663 
1664   const GCCause::Cause current = gc_cause();
1665   assert(current == GCCause::_no_gc, "Over-writing cause: %s, with: %s",
1666          GCCause::to_string(current), GCCause::to_string(cause));
1667   assert(_gc_generation == nullptr, "Over-writing _gc_generation");
1668 
1669   set_gc_cause(cause);
1670   set_gc_generation(generation);
1671 
1672   generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_start();
1673 }
1674 
1675 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_end(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1676   assert(gc_cause() != GCCause::_no_gc, "cause wasn't set");
1677   assert(_gc_generation != nullptr, "_gc_generation wasn't set");
1678 
1679   generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1680   if (mode()->is_generational() && generation->is_global()) {
1681     // If we just completed a GLOBAL GC, claim credit for completion of young-gen and old-gen GC as well
1682     young_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1683     old_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1684   }
1685 
1686   set_gc_generation(nullptr);
1687   set_gc_cause(GCCause::_no_gc);
1688 }
1689 
1690 void ShenandoahHeap::verify(VerifyOption vo) {
1691   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
1692     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1693       verifier()->verify_generic(vo);
1694     } else {
1695       // TODO: Consider allocating verification bitmaps on demand,
1696       // and turn this on unconditionally.
1697     }
1698   }
1699 }
1700 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_capacity(Thread *thr) const {
1701   return _free_set->capacity();
1702 }
1703 
1704 class ObjectIterateScanRootClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1705 private:
1706   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1707   ShenandoahScanObjectStack* _oop_stack;
1708   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1709   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1710 
1711   template <class T>
1712   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1713     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1714     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1715       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1716       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1717         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1718         return;
1719       }
1720       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1721 
1722       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1723       if (!_bitmap->is_marked(obj)) {
1724         _bitmap->mark(obj);
1725         _oop_stack->push(obj);
1726       }
1727     }
1728   }
1729 public:
1730   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack) :
1731     _bitmap(bitmap), _oop_stack(oop_stack), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1732     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1733   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1734   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1735 };
1736 
1737 /*
1738  * This is public API, used in preparation of object_iterate().
1739  * Since we don't do linear scan of heap in object_iterate() (see comment below), we don't
1740  * need to make the heap parsable. For Shenandoah-internal linear heap scans that we can
1741  * control, we call SH::tlabs_retire, SH::gclabs_retire.
1742  */
1743 void ShenandoahHeap::ensure_parsability(bool retire_tlabs) {
1744   // No-op.
1745 }
1746 
1747 /*
1748  * Iterates objects in the heap. This is public API, used for, e.g., heap dumping.
1749  *
1750  * We cannot safely iterate objects by doing a linear scan at random points in time. Linear
1751  * scanning needs to deal with dead objects, which may have dead Klass* pointers (e.g.
1752  * calling oopDesc::size() would crash) or dangling reference fields (crashes) etc. Linear
1753  * scanning therefore depends on having a valid marking bitmap to support it. However, we only
1754  * have a valid marking bitmap after successful marking. In particular, we *don't* have a valid
1755  * marking bitmap during marking, after aborted marking or during/after cleanup (when we just
1756  * wiped the bitmap in preparation for next marking).
1757  *
1758  * For all those reasons, we implement object iteration as a single marking traversal, reporting
1759  * objects as we mark+traverse through the heap, starting from GC roots. JVMTI IterateThroughHeap
1760  * is allowed to report dead objects, but is not required to do so.
1761  */
1762 void ShenandoahHeap::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
1763   // Reset bitmap
1764   if (!prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration())
1765     return;
1766 
1767   ShenandoahScanObjectStack oop_stack;
1768   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(&_aux_bit_map, &oop_stack);
1769   // Seed the stack with root scan
1770   scan_roots_for_iteration(&oop_stack, &oops);
1771 
1772   // Work through the oop stack to traverse heap
1773   while (! oop_stack.is_empty()) {
1774     oop obj = oop_stack.pop();
1775     assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1776     cl->do_object(obj);
1777     obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1778   }
1779 
1780   assert(oop_stack.is_empty(), "should be empty");
1781   // Reclaim bitmap
1782   reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1783 }
1784 
1785 bool ShenandoahHeap::prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1786   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1787 
1788   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special && !os::commit_memory((char*)_aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size(), false)) {
1789     log_warning(gc)("Could not commit native memory for auxiliary marking bitmap for heap iteration");
1790     return false;
1791   }
1792   // Reset bitmap
1793   _aux_bit_map.clear();
1794   return true;
1795 }
1796 
1797 void ShenandoahHeap::scan_roots_for_iteration(ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack, ObjectIterateScanRootClosure* oops) {
1798   // Process GC roots according to current GC cycle
1799   // This populates the work stack with initial objects
1800   // It is important to relinquish the associated locks before diving
1801   // into heap dumper
1802   uint n_workers = safepoint_workers() != nullptr ? safepoint_workers()->active_workers() : 1;
1803   ShenandoahHeapIterationRootScanner rp(n_workers);
1804   rp.roots_do(oops);
1805 }
1806 
1807 void ShenandoahHeap::reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1808   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special && !os::uncommit_memory((char*)_aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size())) {
1809     log_warning(gc)("Could not uncommit native memory for auxiliary marking bitmap for heap iteration");
1810   }
1811 }
1812 
1813 // Closure for parallelly iterate objects
1814 class ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1815 private:
1816   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1817   ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* _queue;
1818   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1819   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1820 
1821   template <class T>
1822   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1823     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1824     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1825       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1826       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1827         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1828         return;
1829       }
1830       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1831 
1832       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "Must be a valid oop");
1833       if (_bitmap->par_mark(obj)) {
1834         _queue->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1835       }
1836     }
1837   }
1838 public:
1839   ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q) :
1840     _bitmap(bitmap), _queue(q), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1841     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1842   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1843   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1844 };
1845 
1846 // Object iterator for parallel heap iteraion.
1847 // The root scanning phase happenes in construction as a preparation of
1848 // parallel marking queues.
1849 // Every worker processes it's own marking queue. work-stealing is used
1850 // to balance workload.
1851 class ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator : public ParallelObjectIteratorImpl {
1852 private:
1853   uint                         _num_workers;
1854   bool                         _init_ready;
1855   MarkBitMap*                  _aux_bit_map;
1856   ShenandoahHeap*              _heap;
1857   ShenandoahScanObjectStack    _roots_stack; // global roots stack
1858   ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* _task_queues;
1859 public:
1860   ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(uint num_workers, MarkBitMap* bitmap) :
1861         _num_workers(num_workers),
1862         _init_ready(false),
1863         _aux_bit_map(bitmap),
1864         _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()) {
1865     // Initialize bitmap
1866     _init_ready = _heap->prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1867     if (!_init_ready) {
1868       return;
1869     }
1870 
1871     ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, &_roots_stack);
1872     _heap->scan_roots_for_iteration(&_roots_stack, &oops);
1873 
1874     _init_ready = prepare_worker_queues();
1875   }
1876 
1877   ~ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator() {
1878     // Reclaim bitmap
1879     _heap->reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1880     // Reclaim queue for workers
1881     if (_task_queues!= nullptr) {
1882       for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1883         ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = _task_queues->queue(i);
1884         if (q != nullptr) {
1885           delete q;
1886           _task_queues->register_queue(i, nullptr);
1887         }
1888       }
1889       delete _task_queues;
1890       _task_queues = nullptr;
1891     }
1892   }
1893 
1894   virtual void object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl, uint worker_id) {
1895     if (_init_ready) {
1896       object_iterate_parallel(cl, worker_id, _task_queues);
1897     }
1898   }
1899 
1900 private:
1901   // Divide global root_stack into worker queues
1902   bool prepare_worker_queues() {
1903     _task_queues = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet((int) _num_workers);
1904     // Initialize queues for every workers
1905     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1906       ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* task_queue = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueue();
1907       _task_queues->register_queue(i, task_queue);
1908     }
1909     // Divide roots among the workers. Assume that object referencing distribution
1910     // is related with root kind, use round-robin to make every worker have same chance
1911     // to process every kind of roots
1912     size_t roots_num = _roots_stack.size();
1913     if (roots_num == 0) {
1914       // No work to do
1915       return false;
1916     }
1917 
1918     for (uint j = 0; j < roots_num; j++) {
1919       uint stack_id = j % _num_workers;
1920       oop obj = _roots_stack.pop();
1921       _task_queues->queue(stack_id)->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1922     }
1923     return true;
1924   }
1925 
1926   void object_iterate_parallel(ObjectClosure* cl,
1927                                uint worker_id,
1928                                ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* queue_set) {
1929     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1930     assert(queue_set != nullptr, "task queue must not be null");
1931 
1932     ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = queue_set->queue(worker_id);
1933     assert(q != nullptr, "object iterate queue must not be null");
1934 
1935     ShenandoahMarkTask t;
1936     ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, q);
1937 
1938     // Work through the queue to traverse heap.
1939     // Steal when there is no task in queue.
1940     while (q->pop(t) || queue_set->steal(worker_id, t)) {
1941       oop obj = t.obj();
1942       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1943       cl->do_object(obj);
1944       obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1945     }
1946     assert(q->is_empty(), "should be empty");
1947   }
1948 };
1949 
1950 ParallelObjectIteratorImpl* ShenandoahHeap::parallel_object_iterator(uint workers) {
1951   return new ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(workers, &_aux_bit_map);
1952 }
1953 
1954 // Keep alive an object that was loaded with AS_NO_KEEPALIVE.
1955 void ShenandoahHeap::keep_alive(oop obj) {
1956   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() && (obj != nullptr)) {
1957     ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->enqueue(obj);
1958   }
1959 }
1960 
1961 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
1962   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
1963     ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = get_region(i);
1964     blk->heap_region_do(current);
1965   }
1966 }
1967 
1968 class ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask : public WorkerTask {
1969 private:
1970   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1971   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* const _blk;
1972   size_t const _stride;
1973 
1974   shenandoah_padding(0);
1975   volatile size_t _index;
1976   shenandoah_padding(1);
1977 
1978 public:
1979   ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk, size_t stride) :
1980           WorkerTask("Shenandoah Parallel Region Operation"),
1981           _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()), _blk(blk), _stride(stride), _index(0) {}
1982 
1983   void work(uint worker_id) {
1984     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1985     size_t stride = _stride;
1986 
1987     size_t max = _heap->num_regions();
1988     while (Atomic::load(&_index) < max) {
1989       size_t cur = Atomic::fetch_then_add(&_index, stride, memory_order_relaxed);
1990       size_t start = cur;
1991       size_t end = MIN2(cur + stride, max);
1992       if (start >= max) break;
1993 
1994       for (size_t i = cur; i < end; i++) {
1995         ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = _heap->get_region(i);
1996         _blk->heap_region_do(current);
1997       }
1998     }
1999   }
2000 };
2001 
2002 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2003   assert(blk->is_thread_safe(), "Only thread-safe closures here");
2004   const uint active_workers = workers()->active_workers();
2005   const size_t n_regions = num_regions();
2006   size_t stride = ShenandoahParallelRegionStride;
2007   if (stride == 0 && active_workers > 1) {
2008     // Automatically derive the stride to balance the work between threads
2009     // evenly. Do not try to split work if below the reasonable threshold.
2010     constexpr size_t threshold = 4096;
2011     stride = n_regions <= threshold ?
2012             threshold :
2013             (n_regions + active_workers - 1) / active_workers;
2014   }
2015 
2016   if (n_regions > stride && active_workers > 1) {
2017     ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask task(blk, stride);
2018     workers()->run_task(&task);
2019   } else {
2020     heap_region_iterate(blk);
2021   }
2022 }
2023 
2024 class ShenandoahRendezvousClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
2025 public:
2026   inline ShenandoahRendezvousClosure(const char* name) : HandshakeClosure(name) {}
2027   inline void do_thread(Thread* thread) {}
2028 };
2029 
2030 void ShenandoahHeap::rendezvous_threads(const char* name) {
2031   ShenandoahRendezvousClosure cl(name);
2032   Handshake::execute(&cl);
2033 }
2034 
2035 void ShenandoahHeap::recycle_trash() {
2036   free_set()->recycle_trash();
2037 }
2038 
2039 void ShenandoahHeap::do_class_unloading() {
2040   _unloader.unload();
2041   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2042     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2043   }
2044 }
2045 
2046 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_weak_refs(bool full_gc) {
2047   // Weak refs processing
2048   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ? ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_weakrefs
2049                                                 : ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_weakrefs;
2050   ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(phase);
2051   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2052   shenandoah_assert_generations_reconciled();
2053   gc_generation()->ref_processor()->process_references(phase, workers(), false /* concurrent */);
2054 }
2055 
2056 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_update_heap_references() {
2057   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2058 
2059   // Evacuation is over, no GCLABs are needed anymore. GCLABs are under URWM, so we need to
2060   // make them parsable for update code to work correctly. Plus, we can compute new sizes
2061   // for future GCLABs here.
2062   if (UseTLAB) {
2063     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_init_update_refs_manage_gclabs);
2064     gclabs_retire(ResizeTLAB);
2065   }
2066 
2067   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
2068 }
2069 
2070 void ShenandoahHeap::propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads() {
2071   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2072   if (_gc_state_changed) {
2073     ShenandoahGCStatePropagator propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
2074     Threads::threads_do(&propagator);
2075     _gc_state_changed = false;
2076   }
2077 }
2078 
2079 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_at_safepoint(uint mask, bool value) {
2080   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2081   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2082   _gc_state_changed = true;
2083 }
2084 
2085 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_concurrent(uint mask, bool value) {
2086   // Holding the thread lock here assures that any thread created after we change the gc
2087   // state will have the correct state. It also prevents attaching threads from seeing
2088   // an inconsistent state. See ShenandoahBarrierSet::on_thread_attach for reference. Established
2089   // threads will use their thread local copy of the gc state (changed by a handshake, or on a
2090   // safepoint).
2091   assert(Threads_lock->is_locked(), "Must hold thread lock for concurrent gc state change");
2092   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2093 }
2094 
2095 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2096   uint mask;
2097   assert(!has_forwarded_objects(), "Young marking is not concurrent with evacuation");
2098   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
2099     assert(mode()->is_generational(), "Only generational GC has old marking");
2100     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_old_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2101     // If old-marking is in progress when we turn off YOUNG_MARKING, leave MARKING (and OLD_MARKING) on
2102     mask = YOUNG_MARKING;
2103   } else {
2104     mask = MARKING | YOUNG_MARKING;
2105   }
2106   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(mask, in_progress);
2107   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2108 }
2109 
2110 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2111 #ifdef ASSERT
2112   // has_forwarded_objects() iff UPDATE_REFS or EVACUATION
2113   bool has_forwarded = has_forwarded_objects();
2114   bool updating_or_evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(UPDATE_REFS | EVACUATION);
2115   bool evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(EVACUATION);
2116   assert ((has_forwarded == updating_or_evacuating) || (evacuating && !has_forwarded && collection_set()->is_empty()),
2117           "Updating or evacuating iff has forwarded objects, or if evacuation phase is promoting in place without forwarding");
2118 #endif
2119   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()) {
2120     // If young-marking is in progress when we turn off OLD_MARKING, leave MARKING (and YOUNG_MARKING) on
2121     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_young_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2122     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2123   } else {
2124     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(MARKING | OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2125   }
2126   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2127 }
2128 
2129 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_prepare_for_old_mark_in_progress() const {
2130   return old_generation()->is_preparing_for_mark();
2131 }
2132 
2133 void ShenandoahHeap::manage_satb_barrier(bool active) {
2134   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
2135     // Ignore request to deactivate barrier while concurrent mark is in progress.
2136     // Do not attempt to re-activate the barrier if it is already active.
2137     if (active && !ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2138       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2139     }
2140   } else {
2141     // No concurrent marking is in progress so honor request to deactivate,
2142     // but only if the barrier is already active.
2143     if (!active && ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2144       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2145     }
2146   }
2147 }
2148 
2149 void ShenandoahHeap::set_evacuation_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2150   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Only call this at safepoint");
2151   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(EVACUATION, in_progress);
2152 }
2153 
2154 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2155   if (in_progress) {
2156     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.set();
2157   } else {
2158     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.unset();
2159   }
2160 }
2161 
2162 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(bool cond) {
2163   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, cond);
2164 }
2165 
2166 GCTracer* ShenandoahHeap::tracer() {
2167   return shenandoah_policy()->tracer();
2168 }
2169 
2170 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_used(Thread* thread) const {
2171   return _free_set->used();
2172 }
2173 
2174 bool ShenandoahHeap::try_cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2175   const GCCause::Cause prev = _cancelled_gc.xchg(cause);
2176   return prev == GCCause::_no_gc || prev == GCCause::_shenandoah_concurrent_gc;
2177 }
2178 
2179 void ShenandoahHeap::cancel_concurrent_mark() {
2180   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2181     young_generation()->cancel_marking();
2182     old_generation()->cancel_marking();
2183   }
2184 
2185   global_generation()->cancel_marking();
2186 
2187   ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().abandon_partial_marking();
2188 }
2189 
2190 bool ShenandoahHeap::cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2191   if (try_cancel_gc(cause)) {
2192     FormatBuffer<> msg("Cancelling GC: %s", GCCause::to_string(cause));
2193     log_info(gc,thread)("%s", msg.buffer());
2194     Events::log(Thread::current(), "%s", msg.buffer());
2195     _cancel_requested_time = os::elapsedTime();
2196     return true;
2197   }
2198   return false;
2199 }
2200 
2201 uint ShenandoahHeap::max_workers() {
2202   return _max_workers;
2203 }
2204 
2205 void ShenandoahHeap::stop() {
2206   // The shutdown sequence should be able to terminate when GC is running.
2207 
2208   // Step 0. Notify policy to disable event recording and prevent visiting gc threads during shutdown
2209   _shenandoah_policy->record_shutdown();
2210 
2211   // Step 1. Stop reporting on gc thread cpu utilization
2212   mmu_tracker()->stop();
2213 
2214   // Step 2. Wait until GC worker exits normally (this will cancel any ongoing GC).
2215   control_thread()->stop();
2216 
2217   // Stop 4. Shutdown uncommit thread.
2218   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2219     _uncommit_thread->stop();
2220   }
2221 }
2222 
2223 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_unload_classes(bool full_gc) {
2224   if (!unload_classes()) return;
2225   ClassUnloadingContext ctx(_workers->active_workers(),
2226                             true /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
2227                             false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
2228 
2229   // Unload classes and purge SystemDictionary.
2230   {
2231     ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ?
2232                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_class_unload :
2233                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_class_unload;
2234     ShenandoahIsAliveSelector is_alive;
2235     {
2236       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(is_alive.is_alive_closure());
2237       ShenandoahGCPhase gc_phase(phase);
2238       ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2239       bool unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(gc_timer());
2240 
2241       // Clean JVMCI metadata handles.
2242       JVMCI_ONLY(JVMCI::do_unloading(unloading_occurred));
2243 
2244       uint num_workers = _workers->active_workers();
2245       ShenandoahClassUnloadingTask unlink_task(phase, num_workers, unloading_occurred);
2246       _workers->run_task(&unlink_task);
2247     }
2248     // Release unloaded nmethods's memory.
2249     ClassUnloadingContext::context()->purge_and_free_nmethods();
2250   }
2251 
2252   {
2253     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2254                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_cldg :
2255                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_cldg);
2256     ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
2257   }
2258   // Resize and verify metaspace
2259   MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
2260   DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
2261 }
2262 
2263 // Weak roots are either pre-evacuated (final mark) or updated (final update refs),
2264 // so they should not have forwarded oops.
2265 // However, we do need to "null" dead oops in the roots, if can not be done
2266 // in concurrent cycles.
2267 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_process_weak_roots(bool full_gc) {
2268   uint num_workers = _workers->active_workers();
2269   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase timing_phase = full_gc ?
2270                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_weak_par :
2271                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_weak_par;
2272   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(timing_phase);
2273   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(timing_phase);
2274   // Cleanup weak roots
2275   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2276     ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2277     ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure keep_alive;
2278     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>
2279       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &keep_alive, num_workers);
2280     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2281   } else {
2282     ShenandoahIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2283 #ifdef ASSERT
2284     ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure verify_cl;
2285     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure>
2286       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &verify_cl, num_workers);
2287 #else
2288     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, DoNothingClosure>
2289       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &do_nothing_cl, num_workers);
2290 #endif
2291     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2292   }
2293 }
2294 
2295 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_cleaning(bool full_gc) {
2296   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2297   assert(is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only for Degenerated and Full GC");
2298   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2299                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge :
2300                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge);
2301   stw_weak_refs(full_gc);
2302   stw_process_weak_roots(full_gc);
2303   stw_unload_classes(full_gc);
2304 }
2305 
2306 void ShenandoahHeap::set_has_forwarded_objects(bool cond) {
2307   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(HAS_FORWARDED, cond);
2308 }
2309 
2310 void ShenandoahHeap::set_unload_classes(bool uc) {
2311   _unload_classes.set_cond(uc);
2312 }
2313 
2314 bool ShenandoahHeap::unload_classes() const {
2315   return _unload_classes.is_set();
2316 }
2317 
2318 address ShenandoahHeap::in_cset_fast_test_addr() {
2319   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
2320   assert(heap->collection_set() != nullptr, "Sanity");
2321   return (address) heap->collection_set()->biased_map_address();
2322 }
2323 
2324 void ShenandoahHeap::reset_bytes_allocated_since_gc_start() {
2325   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2326     young_generation()->reset_bytes_allocated_since_gc_start();
2327     old_generation()->reset_bytes_allocated_since_gc_start();
2328   }
2329 
2330   global_generation()->reset_bytes_allocated_since_gc_start();
2331 }
2332 
2333 void ShenandoahHeap::set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2334   _degenerated_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2335 }
2336 
2337 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2338   _full_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2339 }
2340 
2341 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_move_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2342   assert (is_full_gc_in_progress(), "should be");
2343   _full_gc_move_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2344 }
2345 
2346 void ShenandoahHeap::set_update_refs_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2347   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(UPDATE_REFS, in_progress);
2348 }
2349 
2350 void ShenandoahHeap::register_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2351   ShenandoahCodeRoots::register_nmethod(nm);
2352 }
2353 
2354 void ShenandoahHeap::unregister_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2355   ShenandoahCodeRoots::unregister_nmethod(nm);
2356 }
2357 
2358 void ShenandoahHeap::pin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2359   heap_region_containing(o)->record_pin();
2360 }
2361 
2362 void ShenandoahHeap::unpin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2363   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(o);
2364   assert(r != nullptr, "Sanity");
2365   assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu should have non-zero pins", r->index());
2366   r->record_unpin();
2367 }
2368 
2369 void ShenandoahHeap::sync_pinned_region_status() {
2370   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2371 
2372   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2373     ShenandoahHeapRegion *r = get_region(i);
2374     if (r->is_active()) {
2375       if (r->is_pinned()) {
2376         if (r->pin_count() == 0) {
2377           r->make_unpinned();
2378         }
2379       } else {
2380         if (r->pin_count() > 0) {
2381           r->make_pinned();
2382         }
2383       }
2384     }
2385   }
2386 
2387   assert_pinned_region_status();
2388 }
2389 
2390 #ifdef ASSERT
2391 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status() {
2392   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2393     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2394     shenandoah_assert_generations_reconciled();
2395     if (gc_generation()->contains(r)) {
2396       assert((r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() > 0) || (!r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() == 0),
2397              "Region %zu pinning status is inconsistent", i);
2398     }
2399   }
2400 }
2401 #endif
2402 
2403 ConcurrentGCTimer* ShenandoahHeap::gc_timer() const {
2404   return _gc_timer;
2405 }
2406 
2407 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_concurrent_roots() {
2408   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2409   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2410   set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(!collection_set()->is_empty());
2411   set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(true);
2412   if (unload_classes()) {
2413     _unloader.prepare();
2414   }
2415 }
2416 
2417 void ShenandoahHeap::finish_concurrent_roots() {
2418   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2419   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2420   if (unload_classes()) {
2421     _unloader.finish();
2422   }
2423 }
2424 
2425 #ifdef ASSERT
2426 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_gc_workers(uint nworkers) {
2427   assert(nworkers > 0 && nworkers <= max_workers(), "Sanity");
2428 
2429   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
2430     // Use ParallelGCThreads inside safepoints
2431     assert(nworkers == ParallelGCThreads, "Use ParallelGCThreads (%u) within safepoint, not %u",
2432            ParallelGCThreads, nworkers);
2433   } else {
2434     // Use ConcGCThreads outside safepoints
2435     assert(nworkers == ConcGCThreads, "Use ConcGCThreads (%u) outside safepoints, %u",
2436            ConcGCThreads, nworkers);
2437   }
2438 }
2439 #endif
2440 
2441 ShenandoahVerifier* ShenandoahHeap::verifier() {
2442   guarantee(ShenandoahVerify, "Should be enabled");
2443   assert (_verifier != nullptr, "sanity");
2444   return _verifier;
2445 }
2446 
2447 template<bool CONCURRENT>
2448 class ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask : public WorkerTask {
2449 private:
2450   ShenandoahHeap* _heap;
2451   ShenandoahRegionIterator* _regions;
2452 public:
2453   explicit ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask(ShenandoahRegionIterator* regions) :
2454     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Update References"),
2455     _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2456     _regions(regions) {
2457   }
2458 
2459   void work(uint worker_id) {
2460     if (CONCURRENT) {
2461       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2462       ShenandoahSuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
2463       do_work<ShenandoahConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2464     } else {
2465       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2466       do_work<ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2467     }
2468   }
2469 
2470 private:
2471   template<class T>
2472   void do_work(uint worker_id) {
2473     if (CONCURRENT && (worker_id == 0)) {
2474       // We ask the first worker to replenish the Mutator free set by moving regions previously reserved to hold the
2475       // results of evacuation.  These reserves are no longer necessary because evacuation has completed.
2476       size_t cset_regions = _heap->collection_set()->count();
2477 
2478       // Now that evacuation is done, we can reassign any regions that had been reserved to hold the results of evacuation
2479       // to the mutator free set.  At the end of GC, we will have cset_regions newly evacuated fully empty regions from
2480       // which we will be able to replenish the Collector free set and the OldCollector free set in preparation for the
2481       // next GC cycle.
2482       _heap->free_set()->move_regions_from_collector_to_mutator(cset_regions);
2483     }
2484     // If !CONCURRENT, there's no value in expanding Mutator free set
2485     T cl;
2486     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions->next();
2487     while (r != nullptr) {
2488       HeapWord* update_watermark = r->get_update_watermark();
2489       assert (update_watermark >= r->bottom(), "sanity");
2490       if (r->is_active() && !r->is_cset()) {
2491         _heap->marked_object_oop_iterate(r, &cl, update_watermark);
2492         if (ShenandoahPacing) {
2493           _heap->pacer()->report_update_refs(pointer_delta(update_watermark, r->bottom()));
2494         }
2495       }
2496       if (_heap->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(CONCURRENT)) {
2497         return;
2498       }
2499       r = _regions->next();
2500     }
2501   }
2502 };
2503 
2504 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_references(bool concurrent) {
2505   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2506 
2507   if (concurrent) {
2508     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<true> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2509     workers()->run_task(&task);
2510   } else {
2511     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<false> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2512     workers()->run_task(&task);
2513   }
2514 }
2515 
2516 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_region_states(bool concurrent) {
2517   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2518   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2519 
2520   {
2521     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2522                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_update_region_states :
2523                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_update_region_states);
2524 
2525     final_update_refs_update_region_states();
2526 
2527     assert_pinned_region_status();
2528   }
2529 
2530   {
2531     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2532                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_trash_cset :
2533                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_trash_cset);
2534     trash_cset_regions();
2535   }
2536 }
2537 
2538 void ShenandoahHeap::final_update_refs_update_region_states() {
2539   ShenandoahSynchronizePinnedRegionStates cl;
2540   parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
2541 }
2542 
2543 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set(bool concurrent) {
2544   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2545                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset :
2546                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset);
2547   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2548   size_t young_cset_regions, old_cset_regions;
2549   size_t first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count;
2550   _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_cset_regions, old_cset_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count);
2551   // If there are no old regions, first_old_region will be greater than last_old_region
2552   assert((first_old_region > last_old_region) ||
2553          ((last_old_region + 1 - first_old_region >= old_region_count) &&
2554           get_region(first_old_region)->is_old() && get_region(last_old_region)->is_old()),
2555          "sanity: old_region_count: %zu, first_old_region: %zu, last_old_region: %zu",
2556          old_region_count, first_old_region, last_old_region);
2557 
2558   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2559 #ifdef ASSERT
2560     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
2561       verifier()->verify_before_rebuilding_free_set();
2562     }
2563 #endif
2564 
2565     // The computation of bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger is quite conservative so consider all of this
2566     // available for transfer to old. Note that transfer of humongous regions does not impact available.
2567     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2568     size_t allocation_runway = gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_cset_regions);
2569     gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_cset_regions);
2570 
2571     // Total old_available may have been expanded to hold anticipated promotions.  We trigger if the fragmented available
2572     // memory represents more than 16 regions worth of data.  Note that fragmentation may increase when we promote regular
2573     // regions in place when many of these regular regions have an abundant amount of available memory within them.  Fragmentation
2574     // will decrease as promote-by-copy consumes the available memory within these partially consumed regions.
2575     //
2576     // We consider old-gen to have excessive fragmentation if more than 12.5% of old-gen is free memory that resides
2577     // within partially consumed regions of memory.
2578   }
2579   // Rebuild free set based on adjusted generation sizes.
2580   _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_cset_regions, old_cset_regions, old_region_count);
2581 
2582   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2583     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2584     ShenandoahOldGeneration* old_gen = gen_heap->old_generation();
2585     old_gen->heuristics()->evaluate_triggers(first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count, num_regions());
2586   }
2587 }
2588 
2589 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_bitmap_slice_committed(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r, bool skip_self) {
2590   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2591 
2592   size_t regions_from = _bitmap_regions_per_slice * slice;
2593   size_t regions_to   = MIN2(num_regions(), _bitmap_regions_per_slice * (slice + 1));
2594   for (size_t g = regions_from; g < regions_to; g++) {
2595     assert (g / _bitmap_regions_per_slice == slice, "same slice");
2596     if (skip_self && g == r->index()) continue;
2597     if (get_region(g)->is_committed()) {
2598       return true;
2599     }
2600   }
2601   return false;
2602 }
2603 
2604 bool ShenandoahHeap::commit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
2605   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2606 
2607   // Bitmaps in special regions do not need commits
2608   if (_bitmap_region_special) {
2609     return true;
2610   }
2611 
2612   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2613     // Some other region from the group is already committed, meaning the bitmap
2614     // slice is already committed, we exit right away.
2615     return true;
2616   }
2617 
2618   // Commit the bitmap slice:
2619   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2620   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2621   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2622   char* start = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2623 
2624   if (!os::commit_memory(start, len, false)) {
2625     return false;
2626   }
2627 
2628   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
2629     os::pretouch_memory(start, start + len, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
2630   }
2631 
2632   return true;
2633 }
2634 
2635 bool ShenandoahHeap::uncommit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion *r) {
2636   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2637 
2638   // Bitmaps in special regions do not need uncommits
2639   if (_bitmap_region_special) {
2640     return true;
2641   }
2642 
2643   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2644     // Some other region from the group is still committed, meaning the bitmap
2645     // slice should stay committed, exit right away.
2646     return true;
2647   }
2648 
2649   // Uncommit the bitmap slice:
2650   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2651   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2652   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2653   if (!os::uncommit_memory((char*)_bitmap_region.start() + off, len)) {
2654     return false;
2655   }
2656   return true;
2657 }
2658 
2659 void ShenandoahHeap::forbid_uncommit() {
2660   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2661     _uncommit_thread->forbid_uncommit();
2662   }
2663 }
2664 
2665 void ShenandoahHeap::allow_uncommit() {
2666   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2667     _uncommit_thread->allow_uncommit();
2668   }
2669 }
2670 
2671 #ifdef ASSERT
2672 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_uncommit_in_progress() {
2673   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2674     return _uncommit_thread->is_uncommit_in_progress();
2675   }
2676   return false;
2677 }
2678 #endif
2679 
2680 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_begin() {
2681   StackWatermarkSet::safepoint_synchronize_begin();
2682   SuspendibleThreadSet::synchronize();
2683 }
2684 
2685 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_end() {
2686   SuspendibleThreadSet::desynchronize();
2687 }
2688 
2689 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_alloc_failure() {
2690   if (ShenandoahAllocFailureALot && !cancelled_gc() && ((os::random() % 1000) > 950)) {
2691     _inject_alloc_failure.set();
2692     os::naked_short_sleep(1);
2693     if (cancelled_gc()) {
2694       log_info(gc)("Allocation failure was successfully injected");
2695     }
2696   }
2697 }
2698 
2699 bool ShenandoahHeap::should_inject_alloc_failure() {
2700   return _inject_alloc_failure.is_set() && _inject_alloc_failure.try_unset();
2701 }
2702 
2703 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_serviceability() {
2704   _memory_pool = new ShenandoahMemoryPool(this);
2705   _cycle_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2706   _stw_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2707 }
2708 
2709 GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_managers() {
2710   GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> memory_managers(2);
2711   memory_managers.append(&_cycle_memory_manager);
2712   memory_managers.append(&_stw_memory_manager);
2713   return memory_managers;
2714 }
2715 
2716 GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_pools() {
2717   GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> memory_pools(1);
2718   memory_pools.append(_memory_pool);
2719   return memory_pools;
2720 }
2721 
2722 MemoryUsage ShenandoahHeap::memory_usage() {
2723   return MemoryUsage(_initial_size, used(), committed(), max_capacity());
2724 }
2725 
2726 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator() :
2727   _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2728   _index(0) {}
2729 
2730 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
2731   _heap(heap),
2732   _index(0) {}
2733 
2734 void ShenandoahRegionIterator::reset() {
2735   _index = 0;
2736 }
2737 
2738 bool ShenandoahRegionIterator::has_next() const {
2739   return _index < _heap->num_regions();
2740 }
2741 
2742 char ShenandoahHeap::gc_state() const {
2743   return _gc_state.raw_value();
2744 }
2745 
2746 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_gc_state(GCState state) const {
2747   // If the global gc state has been changed, but hasn't yet been propagated to all threads, then
2748   // the global gc state is the correct value. Once the gc state has been synchronized with all threads,
2749   // _gc_state_changed will be toggled to false and we need to use the thread local state.
2750   return _gc_state_changed ? _gc_state.is_set(state) : ShenandoahThreadLocalData::is_gc_state(state);
2751 }
2752 
2753 
2754 ShenandoahLiveData* ShenandoahHeap::get_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2755 #ifdef ASSERT
2756   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2757   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2758   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2759     assert(_liveness_cache[worker_id][i] == 0, "liveness cache should be empty");
2760   }
2761 #endif
2762   return _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2763 }
2764 
2765 void ShenandoahHeap::flush_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2766   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2767   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2768   ShenandoahLiveData* ld = _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2769   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2770     ShenandoahLiveData live = ld[i];
2771     if (live > 0) {
2772       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2773       r->increase_live_data_gc_words(live);
2774       ld[i] = 0;
2775     }
2776   }
2777 }
2778 
2779 bool ShenandoahHeap::requires_barriers(stackChunkOop obj) const {
2780   if (is_idle()) return false;
2781 
2782   // Objects allocated after marking start are implicitly alive, don't need any barriers during
2783   // marking phase.
2784   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() &&
2785      !marking_context()->allocated_after_mark_start(obj)) {
2786     return true;
2787   }
2788 
2789   // Can not guarantee obj is deeply good.
2790   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2791     return true;
2792   }
2793 
2794   return false;
2795 }
2796 
2797 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_loaded_archive_space(size_t size) {
2798 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2799   // CDS wants a raw continuous memory range to load a bunch of objects itself.
2800   // This is an unusual request, since all requested regions should be regular, not humongous.
2801   //
2802   // CDS would guarantee no objects straddle multiple regions, as long as regions are as large
2803   // as MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT.
2804   guarantee(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() >= ArchiveHeapWriter::MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, "Must be");
2805 
2806   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_cds(size);
2807   return allocate_memory(req);
2808 #else
2809   assert(false, "Archive heap loader should not be available, should not be here");
2810   return nullptr;
2811 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2812 }
2813 
2814 void ShenandoahHeap::complete_loaded_archive_space(MemRegion archive_space) {
2815   // Nothing to do here, except checking that heap looks fine.
2816 #ifdef ASSERT
2817   HeapWord* start = archive_space.start();
2818   HeapWord* end = archive_space.end();
2819 
2820   // No unclaimed space between the objects.
2821   // Objects are properly allocated in correct regions.
2822   HeapWord* cur = start;
2823   while (cur < end) {
2824     oop oop = cast_to_oop(cur);
2825     shenandoah_assert_in_correct_region(nullptr, oop);
2826     cur += oop->size();
2827   }
2828 
2829   // No unclaimed tail at the end of archive space.
2830   assert(cur == end,
2831          "Archive space should be fully used: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2832          p2i(cur), p2i(end));
2833 
2834   // All regions in contiguous space have good state.
2835   size_t begin_reg_idx = heap_region_index_containing(start);
2836   size_t end_reg_idx   = heap_region_index_containing(end);
2837 
2838   for (size_t idx = begin_reg_idx; idx <= end_reg_idx; idx++) {
2839     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2840     assert(r->is_regular(), "Must be regular");
2841     assert(r->is_young(), "Must be young");
2842     assert(idx == end_reg_idx || r->top() == r->end(),
2843            "All regions except the last one should be full: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2844            p2i(r->top()), p2i(r->end()));
2845     assert(idx != begin_reg_idx || r->bottom() == start,
2846            "Archive space start should be at the bottom of first region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2847            p2i(r->bottom()), p2i(start));
2848     assert(idx != end_reg_idx || r->top() == end,
2849            "Archive space end should be at the top of last region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2850            p2i(r->top()), p2i(end));
2851   }
2852 
2853 #endif
2854 }
2855 
2856 ShenandoahGeneration* ShenandoahHeap::generation_for(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) const {
2857   if (!mode()->is_generational()) {
2858     return global_generation();
2859   } else if (affiliation == YOUNG_GENERATION) {
2860     return young_generation();
2861   } else if (affiliation == OLD_GENERATION) {
2862     return old_generation();
2863   }
2864 
2865   ShouldNotReachHere();
2866   return nullptr;
2867 }
2868 
2869 void ShenandoahHeap::log_heap_status(const char* msg) const {
2870   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2871     young_generation()->log_status(msg);
2872     old_generation()->log_status(msg);
2873   } else {
2874     global_generation()->log_status(msg);
2875   }
2876 }