1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package jdk.incubator.code.analysis;
27
28 import jdk.incubator.code.Block;
29 import jdk.incubator.code.Op;
30 import jdk.incubator.code.CodeElement;
31 import jdk.incubator.code.Value;
32 import jdk.incubator.code.op.CoreOp;
33 import java.util.*;
34 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
35 import java.util.function.Predicate;
36
37 /**
38 * A simple and experimental pattern match mechanism on values and operations.
39 * <p>
40 * When the language has support for pattern matching with matcher methods we should be able to express
41 * matching on values and operations more powerfully and concisely.
42 */
43 public final class Patterns {
44
45 private Patterns() {
46 }
47
48
49 /**
50 * Traverses this operation and its descendant operations and returns the set of operations that are unused
51 * (have no uses) and are pure (are instances of {@code Op.Pure} and thus have no side effects).
52 *
53 * @param op the operation to traverse
54 * @return the set of used and pure operations.
55 */
56 public static Set<Op> matchUnusedPureOps(Op op) {
57 return matchUnusedPureOps(op, o -> o instanceof Op.Pure);
58 }
59
60 /**
61 * Traverses this operation and its descendant operations and returns the set of operations that are unused
62 * (have no uses) and are pure (according to the given predicate).
63 *
64 * @param op the operation to traverse
65 * @param testPure the predicate to test if an operation is pure
66 * @return the set of used and pure operations.
67 */
68 public static Set<Op> matchUnusedPureOps(Op op, Predicate<Op> testPure) {
69 return match(
70 new HashSet<>(),
71 op, opP(o -> isDeadOp(o, testPure)),
72 (ms, deadOps) -> {
73 deadOps.add(ms.op());
74
75 // Dependent dead ops
76 matchDependentDeadOps(ms.op(), deadOps, testPure);
77 // @@@ No means to control traversal and only go deeper when
78 // there is only one user
79 // ms.op().traverseOperands(null, (_a, arg) -> {
80 // if (arg.result().users().size() == 1) {
81 // deadOps.add(arg);
82 // }
83 //
84 // return null;
85 // });
86
87 return deadOps;
88 });
89 }
90
91 static boolean isDeadOp(Op op, Predicate<Op> testPure) {
92 if (op instanceof Op.Terminating) {
93 return false;
94 }
95
96 return op.result() != null && op.result().uses().isEmpty() && testPure.test(op);
97 }
98
99 // @@@ this could be made generic with a method traversing backwards
100 static void matchDependentDeadOps(Op op, Set<Op> deadOps, Predicate<Op> testPure) {
101 for (Value arg : op.operands()) {
102 if (arg instanceof Op.Result or) {
103 if (arg.uses().size() == 1 && testPure.test(or.op())) {
104 deadOps.add(or.op());
105
106 // Traverse only when a single user
107 matchDependentDeadOps(or.op(), deadOps, testPure);
108 }
109 }
110 }
111 }
112
113
114 // Matching of patterns
115
116 /**
117 * The state of a successful match of an operation with matched operands (if any)
118 */
119 public static final class MatchState {
120 final Op op;
121 final List<Value> matchedOperands;
122
123 MatchState(Op op, List<Value> matchedOperands) {
124 this.op = op;
125 this.matchedOperands = matchedOperands;
126 }
127
128 /**
129 * {@return the matched operation}
130 */
131 public Op op() {
132 return op;
133 }
134
135 /**
136 * {@return the matched operands}
137 */
138 public List<Value> matchedOperands() {
139 return matchedOperands;
140 }
141 }
142
143 record PatternAndFunction<R>(OpPattern p, BiFunction<MatchState, R, R> f) {
144 }
145
146 // Visiting op pattern matcher
147 static class OpPatternMatcher<R> implements BiFunction<R, Op, R> {
148 final List<PatternAndFunction<R>> patterns;
149 final PatternState state;
150 final Map<MatchState, BiFunction<MatchState, R, R>> matches;
151
152 OpPatternMatcher(OpPattern p, BiFunction<MatchState, R, R> f) {
153 this(List.of(new PatternAndFunction<>(p, f)));
154 }
155
156 OpPatternMatcher(List<PatternAndFunction<R>> patterns) {
157 this.patterns = patterns;
158 this.state = new PatternState();
159 this.matches = new HashMap<>();
160 }
161
162 @Override
163 public R apply(R r, Op op) {
164 for (PatternAndFunction<R> pf : patterns) {
165 if (pf.p.match(op, state)) {
166 MatchState ms = new MatchState(op, state.resetOnMatch());
167
168 r = pf.f.apply(ms, r);
169 } else {
170 state.resetOnNoMatch();
171 }
172 }
173
174 return r;
175 }
176 }
177
178 /**
179 * A match builder for declaring matching for one or more groups of operation patterns against a given traversable
180 * and descendant operations (in order).
181 * @param <R> the match result type
182 */
183 public static final class MultiMatchBuilder<R> {
184 final CodeElement<?, ?> o;
185 final R r;
186 List<PatternAndFunction<R>> patterns;
187
188 MultiMatchBuilder(CodeElement<?, ?> o, R r) {
189 this.o = o;
190 this.r = r;
191 this.patterns = new ArrayList<>();
192 }
193
194 /**
195 * Declares a first of possibly other operation patterns in a group.
196 *
197 * @param p the operation pattern
198 * @return a builder to declare further patterns in the group.
199 */
200 public MultiMatchCaseBuilder pattern(OpPattern p) {
201 return new MultiMatchCaseBuilder(p);
202 }
203
204 public R matchThenApply() {
205 OpPatternMatcher<R> opm = new OpPatternMatcher<>(patterns);
206 return o.traverse(r, CodeElement.opVisitor(opm));
207 }
208
209 /**
210 * A builder to declare further operation patterns in a group or to associate a
211 * target function to be applied if any of the patterns in the group match.
212 */
213 public final class MultiMatchCaseBuilder {
214 List<OpPattern> patterns;
215
216 MultiMatchCaseBuilder(OpPattern p) {
217 this.patterns = new ArrayList<>();
218 patterns.add(p);
219 }
220
221 /**
222 * Declares an operation pattern in the group.
223 *
224 * @param p the operation pattern
225 * @return this builder.
226 */
227 public MultiMatchCaseBuilder pattern(OpPattern p) {
228 patterns.add(p);
229 return this;
230 }
231
232 /**
233 * Declares the target function to be applied if any of the operation patterns on the group match.
234 *
235 * @param f the target function.
236 * @return the match builder to build further groups.
237 */
238 public MultiMatchBuilder<R> target(BiFunction<MatchState, R, R> f) {
239 patterns.stream().map(p -> new PatternAndFunction<>(p, f)).forEach(MultiMatchBuilder.this.patterns::add);
240 return MultiMatchBuilder.this;
241 }
242 }
243 }
244
245 /**
246 * Constructs a match builder from which to declare matching for one or more groups of operation patterns against a
247 * given traversable and descendant operations (in order).
248 *
249 * @param r the initial match result
250 * @param t the traversable
251 * @param <R> the match result type
252 * @return the match builder
253 */
254 public static <R> MultiMatchBuilder<R> multiMatch(R r, CodeElement<?, ?> t) {
255 return new MultiMatchBuilder<>(t, r);
256 }
257
258 /**
259 * Matches an operation pattern against the given traversable and descendant operations (in order).
260 *
261 * @param r the initial match result
262 * @param t the traversable
263 * @param opPattern the operation pattern
264 * @param matcher the function to be applied with a match state and the current match result when an
265 * encountered operation matches the operation pattern
266 * @param <R> the match result type
267 * @return the match result
268 */
269 public static <R> R match(R r, CodeElement<?, ?> t, OpPattern opPattern,
270 BiFunction<MatchState, R, R> matcher) {
271 OpPatternMatcher<R> opm = new OpPatternMatcher<>(opPattern, matcher);
272 return t.traverse(r, CodeElement.opVisitor(opm));
273 }
274
275
276 // Pattern classes
277
278 static final class PatternState {
279 List<Value> matchedOperands;
280
281 void addOperand(Value v) {
282 if (matchedOperands == null) {
283 matchedOperands = new ArrayList<>();
284 }
285 matchedOperands.add(v);
286 }
287
288 List<Value> resetOnMatch() {
289 if (matchedOperands != null) {
290 List<Value> r = matchedOperands;
291 matchedOperands = null;
292 return r;
293 } else {
294 return List.of();
295 }
296 }
297
298 void resetOnNoMatch() {
299 if (matchedOperands != null) {
300 matchedOperands.clear();
301 }
302 }
303 }
304
305 /**
306 * A pattern matching against a value or operation.
307 */
308 public sealed static abstract class Pattern {
309 Pattern() {
310 }
311
312 abstract boolean match(Value v, PatternState state);
313 }
314
315 /**
316 * A pattern matching against an operation.
317 */
318 public static final class OpPattern extends Pattern {
319 final Predicate<Op> opTest;
320 final List<Pattern> operandPatterns;
321
322 OpPattern(Predicate<Op> opTest, List<Pattern> operandPatterns) {
323 this.opTest = opTest;
324 this.operandPatterns = List.copyOf(operandPatterns);
325 }
326
327 @Override
328 boolean match(Value v, PatternState state) {
329 if (v instanceof Op.Result or) {
330 return match(or.op(), state);
331 } else {
332 return false;
333 }
334 }
335
336 boolean match(Op op, PatternState state) {
337 // Test does not match
338 if (!opTest.test(op)) {
339 return false;
340 }
341
342 if (!operandPatterns.isEmpty()) {
343 // Arity does not match
344 if (op.operands().size() != operandPatterns.size()) {
345 return false;
346 }
347
348 // Match all arguments
349 for (int i = 0; i < operandPatterns.size(); i++) {
350 Pattern p = operandPatterns.get(i);
351 Value v = op.operands().get(i);
352
353 if (!p.match(v, state)) {
354 return false;
355 }
356 }
357 }
358
359 return true;
360 }
361 }
362
363 /**
364 * A pattern that unconditionally matches a value which is captured. If the value is an operation result of an
365 * operation, then an operation pattern (if any) is further matched against the operation.
366 */
367 // @@@ type?
368 static final class ValuePattern extends Pattern {
369 final OpPattern opMatcher;
370
371 ValuePattern() {
372 this(null);
373 }
374
375 public ValuePattern(OpPattern opMatcher) {
376 this.opMatcher = opMatcher;
377 }
378
379 @Override
380 boolean match(Value v, PatternState state) {
381 // Capture the operand
382 state.addOperand(v);
383
384 // Match on operation on nested pattern, if any
385 return opMatcher == null || opMatcher.match(v, state);
386 }
387 }
388
389 /**
390 * A pattern that conditionally matches an operation result which is captured, then an operation pattern (if any)
391 * is further matched against the result's operation.
392 */
393 static final class OpResultPattern extends Pattern {
394 final OpPattern opMatcher;
395
396 OpResultPattern() {
397 this(null);
398 }
399
400 public OpResultPattern(OpPattern opMatcher) {
401 this.opMatcher = opMatcher;
402 }
403
404 @Override
405 boolean match(Value v, PatternState state) {
406 if (!(v instanceof Op.Result)) {
407 return false;
408 }
409
410 // Capture the operand
411 state.addOperand(v);
412
413 // Match on operation on nested pattern, if any
414 return opMatcher == null || opMatcher.match(v, state);
415 }
416 }
417
418 /**
419 * A pattern that conditionally matches a block parameter which is captured.
420 */
421 static final class BlockParameterPattern extends Pattern {
422 BlockParameterPattern() {
423 }
424
425 @Override
426 boolean match(Value v, PatternState state) {
427 if (!(v instanceof Block.Parameter)) {
428 return false;
429 }
430
431 // Capture the operand
432 state.addOperand(v);
433
434 return true;
435 }
436 }
437
438 /**
439 * A pattern matching any value or operation.
440 */
441 static final class AnyPattern extends Pattern {
442 AnyPattern() {
443 }
444
445 @Override
446 boolean match(Value v, PatternState state) {
447 return true;
448 }
449 }
450
451
452 // Pattern factories
453
454 /**
455 * Creates an operation pattern that tests against an operation by applying it to the predicate, and if
456 * {@code true}, matches operand patterns against the operation's operands (in order) .
457 * This operation pattern matches an operation if the test returns {@code true} and all operand patterns match
458 * against the operation's operands.
459 *
460 * @param opTest the predicate
461 * @param patterns the operand patterns
462 * @return the operation pattern
463 */
464 public static OpPattern opP(Predicate<Op> opTest, Pattern... patterns) {
465 return opP(opTest, List.of(patterns));
466 }
467
468 /**
469 * Creates an operation pattern that tests against an operation by applying it to the predicate, and if
470 * {@code true}, matches operand patterns against the operation's operands (in order) .
471 * This operation pattern matches an operation if the test returns {@code true} and all operand patterns match
472 * against the operation's operands.
473 *
474 * @param opTest the predicate
475 * @param patterns the operand patterns
476 * @return the operation pattern
477 */
478 public static OpPattern opP(Predicate<Op> opTest, List<Pattern> patterns) {
479 return new OpPattern(opTest, patterns);
480 }
481
482 /**
483 * Creates an operation pattern that tests if the operation is an instance of the class, and if
484 * {@code true}, matches operand patterns against the operation's operands (in order) .
485 * This operation pattern matches an operation if the test returns {@code true} and all operand patterns match
486 * against the operation's operands.
487 *
488 * @param opClass the operation class
489 * @param patterns the operand patterns
490 * @return the operation pattern
491 */
492 public static OpPattern opP(Class<?> opClass, Pattern... patterns) {
493 return opP(opClass::isInstance, patterns);
494 }
495
496 /**
497 * Creates an operation pattern that tests if the operation is a {@link CoreOp.ConstantOp constant} operation
498 * and whose constant value is equal to the given value.
499 * This operation pattern matches an operation if the test returns {@code true}.
500 *
501 * @param value the value
502 * @return the operation pattern.
503 */
504 public static OpPattern constantP(Object value) {
505 return opP(op -> {
506 if (op instanceof CoreOp.ConstantOp cop) {
507 return Objects.equals(value, cop.value());
508 }
509
510 return false;
511 });
512 }
513
514 /**
515 * Creates a value pattern that unconditionally matches any value and captures the value in match state.
516 *
517 * @return the value pattern.
518 */
519 public static Pattern valueP() {
520 return new ValuePattern();
521 }
522
523 /**
524 * Creates a value pattern that unconditionally matches any value and captures the value in match state, and
525 * if the value is an operation result of an operation, then the operation pattern is matched against that
526 * operation.
527 * This value pattern matches value if value is not an operation result, or otherwise matches if the operation
528 * pattern matches.
529 *
530 * @param opMatcher the operation pattern
531 * @return the value pattern.
532 */
533 public static Pattern valueP(OpPattern opMatcher) {
534 return new ValuePattern(opMatcher);
535 }
536
537 /**
538 * Creates an operation result pattern that conditionally matches an operation result and captures it in match state.
539 *
540 * @return the operation result.
541 */
542 public static Pattern opResultP() {
543 return new OpResultPattern();
544 }
545
546 /**
547 * Creates an operation result pattern that conditionally matches an operation result and captures it in match state,
548 * then the operation pattern is matched against the result's operation.
549 *
550 * @param opMatcher the operation pattern
551 * @return the operation result.
552 */
553 public static Pattern opResultP(OpPattern opMatcher) {
554 return new OpResultPattern(opMatcher);
555 }
556
557 /**
558 * Creates a block parameter result pattern that conditionally matches a block parameter and captures it in match state.
559 *
560 * @return the block parameter.
561 */
562 public static Pattern blockParameterP() {
563 return new BlockParameterPattern();
564 }
565
566 /**
567 * Creates a pattern that unconditionally matches any value or operation.
568 *
569 * @return the value pattern.
570 */
571 public static Pattern _P() {
572 return new AnyPattern();
573 }
574 }