1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotCacheAccess.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotClassLinker.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotLinkedClassBulkLoader.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotMapLogger.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/cdsProtectionDomain.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/classListParser.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/classListWriter.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/cppVtables.hpp"
  44 #include "cds/dumpAllocStats.hpp"
  45 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
  46 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
  47 #include "cds/finalImageRecipes.hpp"
  48 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "cds/lambdaFormInvokers.hpp"
  50 #include "cds/lambdaProxyClassDictionary.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp"
  53 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "classfile/loaderConstraints.hpp"
  55 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  56 #include "classfile/placeholders.hpp"
  57 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  58 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  59 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  60 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  61 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  62 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  63 #include "code/aotCodeCache.hpp"
  64 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  65 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
  66 #include "compiler/precompiler.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  68 #include "interpreter/bytecodes.hpp"
  69 #include "interpreter/bytecodeStream.hpp"
  70 #include "jvm_io.h"
  71 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  72 #include "logging/logMessage.hpp"
  73 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  74 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  75 #include "memory/metaspace.hpp"
  76 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  77 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  78 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  79 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  80 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  81 #include "oops/compressedKlass.hpp"
  82 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  84 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  85 #include "oops/method.inline.hpp"
  86 #include "oops/objArrayOop.hpp"
  87 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  88 #include "oops/oopHandle.hpp"
  89 #include "oops/resolvedFieldEntry.hpp"
  90 #include "oops/trainingData.hpp"
  91 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  92 #include "prims/whitebox.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/os.inline.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
 100 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
 101 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
 102 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 103 #include "sanitizers/leak.hpp"
 104 #include "services/management.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
 106 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 107 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
 108 #include "utilities/hashTable.hpp"
 109 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 110 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
 111 
 112 #include <sys/stat.h>
 113 
 114 ReservedSpace AOTMetaspace::_symbol_rs;
 115 VirtualSpace AOTMetaspace::_symbol_vs;
 116 bool AOTMetaspace::_archive_loading_failed = false;
 117 bool AOTMetaspace::_remapped_readwrite = false;
 118 void* AOTMetaspace::_aot_metaspace_static_top = nullptr;
 119 intx AOTMetaspace::_relocation_delta;
 120 char* AOTMetaspace::_requested_base_address;
 121 Array<Method*>* AOTMetaspace::_archived_method_handle_intrinsics = nullptr;
 122 bool AOTMetaspace::_use_optimized_module_handling = true;
 123 int volatile AOTMetaspace::_preimage_static_archive_dumped = 0;
 124 jlong AOTMetaspace::_preimage_static_archive_recording_duration = 0;
 125 
 126 // The CDS archive is divided into the following regions:
 127 //     rw  - read-write metadata
 128 //     ro  - read-only metadata and read-only tables
 129 //     hp  - heap region
 130 //     bm  - bitmap for relocating the above 7 regions.
 131 //
 132 // The rw and ro regions are linearly allocated, in the order of rw->ro.
 133 // These regions are aligned with AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment().
 134 //
 135 // These 2 regions are populated in the following steps:
 136 // [0] All classes are loaded in AOTMetaspace::load_classes(). All metadata are
 137 //     temporarily allocated outside of the shared regions.
 138 // [1] We enter a safepoint and allocate a buffer for the rw/ro regions.
 139 // [2] C++ vtables are copied into the rw region.
 140 // [3] ArchiveBuilder copies RW metadata into the rw region.
 141 // [4] ArchiveBuilder copies RO metadata into the ro region.
 142 // [5] SymbolTable, StringTable, SystemDictionary, and a few other read-only data
 143 //     are copied into the ro region as read-only tables.
 144 //
 145 // The heap region is written by HeapShared::write_heap().
 146 //
 147 // The bitmap region is used to relocate the ro/rw/hp regions.
 148 
 149 static DumpRegion _symbol_region("symbols");
 150 
 151 char* AOTMetaspace::symbol_space_alloc(size_t num_bytes) {
 152   return _symbol_region.allocate(num_bytes);
 153 }
 154 
 155 // os::vm_allocation_granularity() is usually 4K for most OSes. However, some platforms
 156 // such as linux-aarch64 and macos-x64 ...
 157 // it can be either 4K or 64K and on macos-aarch64 it is 16K. To generate archives that are
 158 // compatible for both settings, an alternative cds core region alignment can be enabled
 159 // at building time:
 160 //   --enable-compactible-cds-alignment
 161 // Upon successful configuration, the compactible alignment then can be defined in:
 162 //   os_linux_aarch64.cpp
 163 //   os_bsd_x86.cpp
 164 size_t AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment() {
 165   return os::cds_core_region_alignment();
 166 }
 167 
 168 size_t AOTMetaspace::protection_zone_size() {
 169   return os::cds_core_region_alignment();
 170 }
 171 
 172 static bool shared_base_valid(char* shared_base) {
 173   // We check user input for SharedBaseAddress at dump time.
 174 
 175   // At CDS runtime, "shared_base" will be the (attempted) mapping start. It will also
 176   // be the encoding base, since the headers of archived base objects (and with Lilliput,
 177   // the prototype mark words) carry pre-computed narrow Klass IDs that refer to the mapping
 178   // start as base.
 179   //
 180   // On AARCH64, The "shared_base" may not be later usable as encoding base, depending on the
 181   // total size of the reserved area and the precomputed_narrow_klass_shift. This is checked
 182   // before reserving memory.  Here we weed out values already known to be invalid later.
 183   return AARCH64_ONLY(is_aligned(shared_base, 4 * G)) NOT_AARCH64(true);
 184 }
 185 
 186 class DumpClassListCLDClosure : public CLDClosure {
 187   static const int INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE = 1987;
 188   static const int MAX_TABLE_SIZE = 61333;
 189 
 190   fileStream *_stream;
 191   ResizeableHashTable<InstanceKlass*, bool,
 192                               AnyObj::C_HEAP, mtClassShared> _dumped_classes;
 193 
 194   void dump(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 195     bool created;
 196     _dumped_classes.put_if_absent(ik, &created);
 197     if (!created) {
 198       return;
 199     }
 200     if (_dumped_classes.maybe_grow()) {
 201       log_info(aot, hashtables)("Expanded _dumped_classes table to %d", _dumped_classes.table_size());
 202     }
 203     if (ik->super()) {
 204       dump(ik->super());
 205     }
 206     Array<InstanceKlass*>* interfaces = ik->local_interfaces();
 207     int len = interfaces->length();
 208     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 209       dump(interfaces->at(i));
 210     }
 211     ClassListWriter::write_to_stream(ik, _stream);
 212   }
 213 
 214 public:
 215   DumpClassListCLDClosure(fileStream* f)
 216   : CLDClosure(), _dumped_classes(INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, MAX_TABLE_SIZE) {
 217     _stream = f;
 218   }
 219 
 220   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 221     for (Klass* klass = cld->klasses(); klass != nullptr; klass = klass->next_link()) {
 222       if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
 223         dump(InstanceKlass::cast(klass));
 224       }
 225     }
 226   }
 227 };
 228 
 229 void AOTMetaspace::dump_loaded_classes(const char* file_name, TRAPS) {
 230   fileStream stream(file_name, "w");
 231   if (stream.is_open()) {
 232     MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 233     MutexLocker lock2(ClassListFile_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 234     DumpClassListCLDClosure collect_classes(&stream);
 235     ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_cld_do(&collect_classes);
 236   } else {
 237     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Failed to open file");
 238   }
 239 }
 240 
 241 static bool shared_base_too_high(char* specified_base, char* aligned_base, size_t cds_max) {
 242   // Caller should have checked that aligned_base was successfully aligned and is not nullptr.
 243   // Comparing specified_base with nullptr is UB.
 244   assert(aligned_base != nullptr, "sanity");
 245   assert(aligned_base >= specified_base, "sanity");
 246 
 247   if (max_uintx - uintx(aligned_base) < uintx(cds_max)) {
 248     // Not enough address space to hold an archive of cds_max bytes from aligned_base.
 249     return true;
 250   } else {
 251     return false;
 252   }
 253 }
 254 
 255 static char* compute_shared_base(size_t cds_max) {
 256   char* specified_base = (char*)SharedBaseAddress;
 257   size_t alignment = AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment();
 258   if (UseCompressedClassPointers && CompressedKlassPointers::needs_class_space()) {
 259     alignment = MAX2(alignment, Metaspace::reserve_alignment());
 260   }
 261 
 262   if (SharedBaseAddress == 0) {
 263     // Special meaning of -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0 -> Always map archive at os-selected address.
 264     return specified_base;
 265   }
 266 
 267   char* aligned_base = can_align_up(specified_base, alignment)
 268                            ? align_up(specified_base, alignment)
 269                            : nullptr;
 270 
 271   if (aligned_base != specified_base) {
 272     aot_log_info(aot)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") aligned up to " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 273                    p2i(specified_base), p2i(aligned_base));
 274   }
 275 
 276   const char* err = nullptr;
 277   if (aligned_base == nullptr) {
 278     err = "too high";
 279   } else if (shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max)) {
 280     err = "too high";
 281   } else if (!shared_base_valid(aligned_base)) {
 282     err = "invalid for this platform";
 283   } else {
 284     return aligned_base;
 285   }
 286 
 287   // Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress() is hard-coded in cds_globals.hpp. It must be carefully
 288   // picked that (a) the align_up() below will always return a valid value; (b) none of
 289   // the following asserts will fail.
 290   aot_log_warning(aot)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") is %s. Reverted to " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 291                    p2i((void*)SharedBaseAddress), err,
 292                    p2i((void*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress()));
 293 
 294   specified_base = (char*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress();
 295   aligned_base = align_up(specified_base, alignment);
 296 
 297   // Make sure the default value of SharedBaseAddress specified in globals.hpp is sane.
 298   assert(!shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max), "Sanity");
 299   assert(shared_base_valid(aligned_base), "Sanity");
 300   return aligned_base;
 301 }
 302 
 303 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_for_static_dump() {
 304   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive(), "sanity");
 305 
 306   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive() || CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 307     if (!((UseEpsilonGC || UseG1GC || UseParallelGC || UseSerialGC || UseShenandoahGC || UseZGC) && UseCompressedClassPointers)) {
 308       const char* error;
 309       if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 310         error = "Cannot create the AOT configuration file";
 311       } else {
 312         error = "Cannot create the AOT cache";
 313       }
 314 
 315       vm_exit_during_initialization(error,
 316           "UseCompressedClassPointers must be enabled, and collector must be "
 317           "Epsilon, G1, Parallel, Serial, Shenandoah, or ZGC");
 318     }
 319   }
 320 
 321   aot_log_info(aot)("Core region alignment: %zu", core_region_alignment());
 322   // The max allowed size for CDS archive. We use this to limit SharedBaseAddress
 323   // to avoid address space wrap around.
 324   size_t cds_max;
 325   const size_t reserve_alignment = core_region_alignment();
 326 
 327 #ifdef _LP64
 328   const uint64_t UnscaledClassSpaceMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
 329   cds_max = align_down(UnscaledClassSpaceMax, reserve_alignment);
 330 #else
 331   // We don't support archives larger than 256MB on 32-bit due to limited
 332   //  virtual address space.
 333   cds_max = align_down(256*M, reserve_alignment);
 334 #endif
 335 
 336   _requested_base_address = compute_shared_base(cds_max);
 337   SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)_requested_base_address;
 338 
 339   size_t symbol_rs_size = LP64_ONLY(3 * G) NOT_LP64(128 * M);
 340   _symbol_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(symbol_rs_size,
 341                                        os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
 342                                        os::vm_page_size(),
 343                                        mtClassShared);
 344   if (!_symbol_rs.is_reserved()) {
 345     aot_log_error(aot)("Unable to reserve memory for symbols: %zu bytes.", symbol_rs_size);
 346     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
 347   }
 348   _symbol_region.init(&_symbol_rs, &_symbol_vs);
 349 }
 350 
 351 // Called by universe_post_init()
 352 void AOTMetaspace::post_initialize(TRAPS) {
 353   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
 354     FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 355     FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
 356 
 357     if (AOTMapLogger::is_logging_at_bootstrap()) {
 358       // The map logging needs to be done here, as it requires some stubs on Windows,
 359       // which are not generated until the end of init_globals().
 360       AOTMapLogger::runtime_log(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo);
 361     }
 362 
 363     // Close any open file descriptors. However, mmap'ed pages will remain in memory.
 364     static_mapinfo->close();
 365 
 366     if (HeapShared::is_loading() && HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode()) {
 367       static_mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 368     }
 369 
 370     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
 371       dynamic_mapinfo->close();
 372       dynamic_mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 373     }
 374 
 375     int size = AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->length();
 376     if (size > 0) {
 377       CDSProtectionDomain::allocate_shared_data_arrays(size, CHECK);
 378     }
 379   }
 380 }
 381 
 382 // Extra java.lang.Strings to be added to the archive
 383 static GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>* _extra_interned_strings = nullptr;
 384 // Extra Symbols to be added to the archive
 385 static GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>* _extra_symbols = nullptr;
 386 // Methods managed by SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_intrinsic() to be added to the archive
 387 static GrowableArray<Method*>* _pending_method_handle_intrinsics = nullptr;
 388 
 389 void AOTMetaspace::read_extra_data(JavaThread* current, const char* filename) {
 390   _extra_interned_strings = new GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>(10000);
 391   _extra_symbols = new GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>(1000);
 392 
 393   HashtableTextDump reader(filename);
 394   reader.check_version("VERSION: 1.0");
 395 
 396   while (reader.remain() > 0) {
 397     int utf8_length;
 398     int prefix_type = reader.scan_prefix(&utf8_length);
 399     ResourceMark rm(current);
 400     if (utf8_length == 0x7fffffff) {
 401       // buf_len will overflown 32-bit value.
 402       aot_log_error(aot)("string length too large: %d", utf8_length);
 403       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error();
 404     }
 405     int buf_len = utf8_length+1;
 406     char* utf8_buffer = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len);
 407     reader.get_utf8(utf8_buffer, utf8_length);
 408     utf8_buffer[utf8_length] = '\0';
 409 
 410     if (prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::SymbolPrefix) {
 411       _extra_symbols->append(SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(utf8_buffer));
 412     } else{
 413       assert(prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::StringPrefix, "Sanity");
 414       ExceptionMark em(current);
 415       JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
 416       oop str = StringTable::intern(utf8_buffer, THREAD);
 417 
 418       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 419         log_warning(aot, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string allocation failed; size too large: %d",
 420                                reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length);
 421         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 422       } else {
 423 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 424         if (HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(str)) {
 425           log_warning(aot, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string ignored; size too large: %d",
 426                                  reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length);
 427           continue;
 428         }
 429         // Make sure this string is included in the dumped interned string table.
 430         assert(str != nullptr, "must succeed");
 431         _extra_interned_strings->append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), str));
 432 #endif
 433       }
 434     }
 435   }
 436 }
 437 
 438 void AOTMetaspace::make_method_handle_intrinsics_shareable() {
 439   for (int i = 0; i < _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length(); i++) {
 440     Method* m = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics->at(i));
 441     m->remove_unshareable_info();
 442     // Each method has its own constant pool (which is distinct from m->method_holder()->constants());
 443     m->constants()->remove_unshareable_info();
 444   }
 445 }
 446 
 447 void AOTMetaspace::write_method_handle_intrinsics() {
 448   int len = _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length();
 449   _archived_method_handle_intrinsics = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Method*>(len);
 450   int word_size = _archived_method_handle_intrinsics->size();
 451   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 452     Method* m = _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->at(i);
 453     ArchiveBuilder::current()->write_pointer_in_buffer(_archived_method_handle_intrinsics->adr_at(i), m);
 454     word_size += m->size() + m->constMethod()->size() + m->constants()->size();
 455     if (m->constants()->cache() != nullptr) {
 456       word_size += m->constants()->cache()->size();
 457     }
 458   }
 459   log_info(aot)("Archived %d method handle intrinsics (%d bytes)", len, word_size * BytesPerWord);
 460 }
 461 
 462 // About "serialize" --
 463 //
 464 // This is (probably a badly named) way to read/write a data stream of pointers and
 465 // miscellaneous data from/to the shared archive file. The usual code looks like this:
 466 //
 467 //     // These two global C++ variables are initialized during dump time.
 468 //     static int _archived_int;
 469 //     static MetaspaceObj* archived_ptr;
 470 //
 471 //     void MyClass::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 472 //         soc->do_int(&_archived_int);
 473 //         soc->do_int(&_archived_ptr);
 474 //     }
 475 //
 476 //     At dumptime, these two variables are stored into the CDS archive.
 477 //     At runtime, these two variables are loaded from the CDS archive.
 478 //     In addition, the pointer is relocated as necessary.
 479 //
 480 // Some of the xxx::serialize() functions may have side effects and assume that
 481 // the archive is already mapped. For example, SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header()
 482 // unconditionally makes the set of archived symbols available. Therefore, we put most
 483 // of these xxx::serialize() functions inside AOTMetaspace::serialize(), which
 484 // is called AFTER we made the decision to map the archive.
 485 //
 486 // However, some of the "serialized" data are used to decide whether an archive should
 487 // be mapped or not (e.g., for checking if the -Djdk.module.main property is compatible
 488 // with the archive). The xxx::serialize() functions for these data must be put inside
 489 // AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(). Such functions must not produce side effects that
 490 // assume we will always decides to map the archive.
 491 
 492 void AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 493   int tag = 0;
 494   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 495   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Modules::serialize_archived_module_info(soc);)
 496   soc->do_tag(666);
 497 }
 498 
 499 void AOTMetaspace::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 500   int tag = 0;
 501   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 502 
 503   // Verify the sizes of various metadata in the system.
 504   soc->do_tag(sizeof(Method));
 505   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstMethod));
 506   soc->do_tag(arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE));
 507   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPool));
 508   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPoolCache));
 509   soc->do_tag(objArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes());
 510   soc->do_tag(typeArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE));
 511   soc->do_tag(sizeof(Symbol));
 512 
 513   // Need to do this first, as subsequent steps may call virtual functions
 514   // in archived Metadata objects.
 515   CppVtables::serialize(soc);
 516   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 517 
 518   // Dump/restore miscellaneous metadata.
 519   JavaClasses::serialize_offsets(soc);
 520   Universe::serialize(soc);
 521   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 522 
 523   // Dump/restore references to commonly used names and signatures.
 524   vmSymbols::serialize(soc);
 525   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 526 
 527   // Dump/restore the symbol/string/subgraph_info tables
 528   SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 529   StringTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 530   HeapShared::serialize_tables(soc);
 531   SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_dictionary_headers(soc);
 532   AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::serialize(soc);
 533   FinalImageRecipes::serialize(soc);
 534   TrainingData::serialize(soc);
 535   InstanceMirrorKlass::serialize_offsets(soc);
 536 
 537   // Dump/restore well known classes (pointers)
 538   SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_vm_classes(soc);
 539   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 540 
 541   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(ClassLoaderDataShared::serialize(soc);)
 542   soc->do_ptr((void**)&_archived_method_handle_intrinsics);
 543 
 544   LambdaFormInvokers::serialize(soc);
 545   AdapterHandlerLibrary::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 546 
 547   soc->do_tag(666);
 548 }
 549 
 550 // In AOTCache workflow, when dumping preimage, the constant pool entries are stored in unresolved state.
 551 // So the fast version of getfield/putfield needs to be converted to nofast version.
 552 // When dumping the final image in the assembly phase, these nofast versions are converted back to fast versions
 553 // if the constant pool entry refered by these bytecodes is stored in resolved state.
 554 // Same principle applies to static and dynamic archives. If the constant pool entry is in resolved state, then
 555 // the fast version of the bytecodes can be preserved, else use the nofast version.
 556 //
 557 // The fast versions of aload_0 (i.e. _fast_Xaccess_0) merges the bytecode pair (aload_0, fast_Xgetfield).
 558 // If the fast version of aload_0 is preserved in AOTCache, then the JVMTI notifications for field access and
 559 // breakpoint events will be skipped for the second bytecode (fast_Xgetfield) in the pair.
 560 // Same holds for fast versions of iload_0. So for these bytecodes, nofast version is used.
 561 static void rewrite_bytecodes(const methodHandle& method) {
 562   ConstantPool* cp = method->constants();
 563   BytecodeStream bcs(method);
 564   Bytecodes::Code new_code;
 565 
 566   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) lsh;
 567   if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
 568     lsh.print("Rewriting bytecodes for ");
 569     method()->print_external_name(&lsh);
 570     lsh.print("\n");
 571   }
 572 
 573   while (!bcs.is_last_bytecode()) {
 574     Bytecodes::Code opcode = bcs.next();
 575     // Use current opcode as the default value of new_code
 576     new_code = opcode;
 577     switch(opcode) {
 578     case Bytecodes::_getfield: {
 579       uint rfe_index = bcs.get_index_u2();
 580       bool is_resolved = cp->is_resolved(rfe_index, opcode);
 581       if (is_resolved) {
 582         assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "preimage should not have resolved field references");
 583         ResolvedFieldEntry* rfe = cp->resolved_field_entry_at(bcs.get_index_u2());
 584         switch(rfe->tos_state()) {
 585         case btos:
 586           // fallthrough
 587         case ztos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_bgetfield; break;
 588         case atos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_agetfield; break;
 589         case itos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_igetfield; break;
 590         case ctos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_cgetfield; break;
 591         case stos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_sgetfield; break;
 592         case ltos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_lgetfield; break;
 593         case ftos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_fgetfield; break;
 594         case dtos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_dgetfield; break;
 595         default:
 596           ShouldNotReachHere();
 597           break;
 598         }
 599       } else {
 600         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_getfield;
 601       }
 602       break;
 603     }
 604     case Bytecodes::_putfield: {
 605       uint rfe_index = bcs.get_index_u2();
 606       bool is_resolved = cp->is_resolved(rfe_index, opcode);
 607       if (is_resolved) {
 608         assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "preimage should not have resolved field references");
 609         ResolvedFieldEntry* rfe = cp->resolved_field_entry_at(bcs.get_index_u2());
 610         switch(rfe->tos_state()) {
 611         case btos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_bputfield; break;
 612         case ztos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_zputfield; break;
 613         case atos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_aputfield; break;
 614         case itos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_iputfield; break;
 615         case ctos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_cputfield; break;
 616         case stos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_sputfield; break;
 617         case ltos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_lputfield; break;
 618         case ftos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_fputfield; break;
 619         case dtos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_dputfield; break;
 620         default:
 621           ShouldNotReachHere();
 622           break;
 623         }
 624       } else {
 625         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield;
 626       }
 627       break;
 628     }
 629     case Bytecodes::_aload_0:
 630       // Revert _fast_Xaccess_0 or _aload_0 to _nofast_aload_0
 631       new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_aload_0;
 632       break;
 633     case Bytecodes::_iload:
 634       if (!bcs.is_wide()) {
 635         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_iload;
 636       }
 637       break;
 638     default:
 639       break;
 640     }
 641     if (opcode != new_code) {
 642       *bcs.bcp() = new_code;
 643       if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
 644         lsh.print_cr("%d:%s -> %s", bcs.bci(), Bytecodes::name(opcode), Bytecodes::name(new_code));
 645       }
 646     }
 647   }
 648 }
 649 
 650 // [1] Rewrite all bytecodes as needed, so that the ConstMethod* will not be modified
 651 //     at run time by RewriteBytecodes/RewriteFrequentPairs
 652 // [2] Assign a fingerprint, so one doesn't need to be assigned at run-time.
 653 void AOTMetaspace::rewrite_bytecodes_and_calculate_fingerprints(Thread* thread, InstanceKlass* ik) {
 654   for (int i = 0; i < ik->methods()->length(); i++) {
 655     methodHandle m(thread, ik->methods()->at(i));
 656     if (ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() && ik->is_linked()) {
 657       rewrite_bytecodes(m);
 658     }
 659     Fingerprinter fp(m);
 660     // The side effect of this call sets method's fingerprint field.
 661     fp.fingerprint();
 662   }
 663 }
 664 
 665 class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace : public VM_Operation {
 666 private:
 667   ArchiveMappedHeapInfo _mapped_heap_info;
 668   ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo _streamed_heap_info;
 669   FileMapInfo* _map_info;
 670   StaticArchiveBuilder& _builder;
 671 
 672   void dump_java_heap_objects();
 673   void dump_shared_symbol_table(GrowableArray<Symbol*>* symbols) {
 674     log_info(aot)("Dumping symbol table ...");
 675     SymbolTable::write_to_archive(symbols);
 676   }
 677   char* dump_early_read_only_tables();
 678   char* dump_read_only_tables(AOTClassLocationConfig*& cl_config);
 679 
 680 public:
 681 
 682   VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace(StaticArchiveBuilder& b) :
 683     VM_Operation(), _mapped_heap_info(), _streamed_heap_info(), _map_info(nullptr), _builder(b) {}
 684 
 685   bool skip_operation() const { return false; }
 686 
 687   VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_PopulateDumpSharedSpace; }
 688   ArchiveMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info()  { return &_mapped_heap_info; }
 689   ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info()  { return &_streamed_heap_info; }
 690   FileMapInfo* map_info() const { return _map_info; }
 691   void doit();   // outline because gdb sucks
 692   bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const { return true; }
 693 }; // class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace
 694 
 695 class StaticArchiveBuilder : public ArchiveBuilder {
 696 public:
 697   StaticArchiveBuilder() : ArchiveBuilder() {}
 698 
 699   virtual void iterate_roots(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 700     AOTArtifactFinder::all_cached_classes_do(it);
 701     SystemDictionaryShared::dumptime_classes_do(it);
 702     Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 703     vmSymbols::metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 704     TrainingData::iterate_roots(it);
 705 
 706     // The above code should find all the symbols that are referenced by the
 707     // archived classes. We just need to add the extra symbols which
 708     // may not be used by any of the archived classes -- these are usually
 709     // symbols that we anticipate to be used at run time, so we can store
 710     // them in the RO region, to be shared across multiple processes.
 711     if (_extra_symbols != nullptr) {
 712       for (int i = 0; i < _extra_symbols->length(); i++) {
 713         it->push(_extra_symbols->adr_at(i));
 714       }
 715     }
 716 
 717     for (int i = 0; i < _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length(); i++) {
 718       it->push(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics->adr_at(i));
 719     }
 720   }
 721 };
 722 
 723 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_early_read_only_tables() {
 724   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 725 
 726   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Modules::dump_archived_module_info());
 727 
 728   DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region();
 729   char* start = ro_region->top();
 730   WriteClosure wc(ro_region);
 731   AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(&wc);
 732   return start;
 733 }
 734 
 735 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_read_only_tables(AOTClassLocationConfig*& cl_config) {
 736   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 737 
 738   SystemDictionaryShared::write_to_archive();
 739   cl_config = AOTClassLocationConfig::dumptime()->write_to_archive();
 740   AOTClassLinker::write_to_archive();
 741   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 742     FinalImageRecipes::record_recipes();
 743   }
 744 
 745   TrainingData::dump_training_data();
 746 
 747   AOTMetaspace::write_method_handle_intrinsics();
 748 
 749   // Write lambform lines into archive
 750   LambdaFormInvokers::dump_static_archive_invokers();
 751 
 752   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_adapters()) {
 753     AdapterHandlerLibrary::dump_aot_adapter_table();
 754   }
 755 
 756   // Write the other data to the output array.
 757   DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region();
 758   char* start = ro_region->top();
 759   WriteClosure wc(ro_region);
 760   AOTMetaspace::serialize(&wc);
 761 
 762   return start;
 763 }
 764 
 765 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::doit() {
 766   CDSConfig::set_is_at_aot_safepoint(true);
 767 
 768   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 769     guarantee(!CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "We should not be using an archive when we dump");
 770   }
 771 
 772   DEBUG_ONLY(SystemDictionaryShared::NoClassLoadingMark nclm);
 773 
 774   _pending_method_handle_intrinsics = new (mtClassShared) GrowableArray<Method*>(256, mtClassShared);
 775   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 776     // When dumping AOT-linked classes, some classes may have direct references to a method handle
 777     // intrinsic. The easiest thing is to save all of them into the AOT cache.
 778     SystemDictionary::get_all_method_handle_intrinsics(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics);
 779   }
 780 
 781   AOTClassLocationConfig::dumptime_check_nonempty_dirs();
 782 
 783   NOT_PRODUCT(SystemDictionary::verify();)
 784 
 785   // Block concurrent class unloading from changing the _dumptime_table
 786   MutexLocker ml(DumpTimeTable_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 787 
 788   _builder.gather_source_objs();
 789   _builder.reserve_buffer();
 790 
 791   CppVtables::dumptime_init(&_builder);
 792 
 793   _builder.sort_metadata_objs();
 794   _builder.dump_rw_metadata();
 795   _builder.dump_ro_metadata();
 796   _builder.relocate_metaspaceobj_embedded_pointers();
 797 
 798   log_info(aot)("Make classes shareable");
 799   _builder.make_klasses_shareable();
 800   AOTMetaspace::make_method_handle_intrinsics_shareable();
 801 
 802   dump_java_heap_objects();
 803   dump_shared_symbol_table(_builder.symbols());
 804 
 805   char* early_serialized_data = dump_early_read_only_tables();
 806   AOTClassLocationConfig* cl_config;
 807   char* serialized_data = dump_read_only_tables(cl_config);
 808 
 809   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_lambdas_in_legacy_mode()) {
 810     log_info(aot)("Adjust lambda proxy class dictionary");
 811     LambdaProxyClassDictionary::adjust_dumptime_table();
 812   }
 813 
 814   log_info(cds)("Make training data shareable");
 815   _builder.make_training_data_shareable();
 816 
 817   // The vtable clones contain addresses of the current process.
 818   // We don't want to write these addresses into the archive.
 819   CppVtables::zero_archived_vtables();
 820 
 821   // Write the archive file
 822   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 823     FileMapInfo::free_current_info(); // FIXME: should not free current info
 824   }
 825   const char* static_archive = CDSConfig::output_archive_path();
 826   assert(static_archive != nullptr, "sanity");
 827   _map_info = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true);
 828   _map_info->populate_header(AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment());
 829   _map_info->set_early_serialized_data(early_serialized_data);
 830   _map_info->set_serialized_data(serialized_data);
 831   _map_info->set_cloned_vtables(CppVtables::vtables_serialized_base());
 832   _map_info->header()->set_class_location_config(cl_config);
 833 
 834   HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
 835   CDSConfig::set_is_at_aot_safepoint(false);
 836 }
 837 
 838 class CollectClassesForLinking : public KlassClosure {
 839   GrowableArray<OopHandle> _mirrors;
 840 
 841 public:
 842    CollectClassesForLinking() : _mirrors() {
 843      // ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_classes_do_keepalive() requires ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock.
 844      // We cannot link the classes while holding this lock (or else we may run into deadlock).
 845      // Therefore, we need to first collect all the classes, keeping them alive by
 846      // holding onto their java_mirrors in global OopHandles. We then link the classes after
 847      // releasing the lock.
 848      MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 849      ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_classes_do_keepalive(this);
 850    }
 851 
 852   ~CollectClassesForLinking() {
 853     for (int i = 0; i < _mirrors.length(); i++) {
 854       _mirrors.at(i).release(Universe::vm_global());
 855     }
 856   }
 857 
 858   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 859     assert(cld->is_alive(), "must be");
 860   }
 861 
 862   void do_klass(Klass* k) {
 863     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 864       _mirrors.append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), k->java_mirror()));
 865     }
 866   }
 867 
 868   const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors() const { return &_mirrors; }
 869 };
 870 
 871 // Check if we can eagerly link this class at dump time, so we can avoid the
 872 // runtime linking overhead (especially verification)
 873 bool AOTMetaspace::may_be_eagerly_linked(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 874   if (!ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime()) {
 875     // For old classes, try to leave them in the unlinked state, so
 876     // we can still store them in the archive. They must be
 877     // linked/verified at runtime.
 878     return false;
 879   }
 880   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive() && ik->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 881     // Linking of unregistered classes at this stage may cause more
 882     // classes to be resolved, resulting in calls to ClassLoader.loadClass()
 883     // that may not be expected by custom class loaders.
 884     //
 885     // It's OK to do this for the built-in loaders as we know they can
 886     // tolerate this.
 887     return false;
 888   }
 889   return true;
 890 }
 891 
 892 void AOTMetaspace::link_all_loaded_classes(JavaThread* current) {
 893   while (true) {
 894     ResourceMark rm(current);
 895     CollectClassesForLinking collect_classes;
 896     bool has_linked = false;
 897     const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors = collect_classes.mirrors();
 898     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {
 899       OopHandle mirror = mirrors->at(i);
 900       InstanceKlass* ik = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror.resolve());
 901       if (may_be_eagerly_linked(ik)) {
 902         has_linked |= try_link_class(current, ik);
 903       }
 904       if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && ik->is_linked() && !ik->is_initialized()) {
 905         AOTClassInitializer::maybe_preinit_class(ik, current);
 906       }
 907     }
 908 
 909     if (!has_linked) {
 910       break;
 911     }
 912     // Class linking includes verification which may load more classes.
 913     // Keep scanning until we have linked no more classes.
 914   }
 915 }
 916 
 917 void AOTMetaspace::link_shared_classes(TRAPS) {
 918   AOTClassLinker::initialize();
 919   AOTClassInitializer::init_test_class(CHECK);
 920 
 921   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 922     // - Load and link all classes used in the training run.
 923     // - Initialize @AOTSafeClassInitializer classes that were
 924     //   initialized in the training run.
 925     // - Perform per-class optimization such as AOT-resolution of
 926     //   constant pool entries that were resolved during the training run.
 927     FinalImageRecipes::apply_recipes(CHECK);
 928 
 929     // Because the AOT assembly phase does not run the same exact code as in the
 930     // training run (e.g., we use different lambda form invoker classes;
 931     // generated lambda form classes are not recorded in FinalImageRecipes),
 932     // the recipes do not cover all classes that have been loaded so far. As
 933     // a result, we might have some unlinked classes at this point. Since we
 934     // require cached classes to be linked, all such classes will be linked
 935     // by the following step.
 936   }
 937 
 938   link_all_loaded_classes(THREAD);
 939 
 940   // Eargerly resolve all string constants in constant pools
 941   {
 942     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 943     CollectClassesForLinking collect_classes;
 944     const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors = collect_classes.mirrors();
 945     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {
 946       OopHandle mirror = mirrors->at(i);
 947       InstanceKlass* ik = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror.resolve());
 948       AOTConstantPoolResolver::preresolve_string_cp_entries(ik, CHECK);
 949       if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 950         FinalImageRecipes::add_reflection_data_flags(ik, CHECK);
 951       }
 952     }
 953   }
 954 }
 955 
 956 void AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(TRAPS) {
 957   CDSConfig::DumperThreadMark dumper_thread_mark(THREAD);
 958   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 959   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 960 
 961   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && AOTPrintTrainingInfo) {
 962     tty->print_cr("==================== archived_training_data ** before dumping ====================");
 963     TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
 964   }
 965 
 966   StaticArchiveBuilder builder;
 967   dump_static_archive_impl(builder, THREAD);
 968   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 969     if (PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass())) {
 970       aot_log_error(aot)("Out of memory. Please run with a larger Java heap, current MaxHeapSize = "
 971                      "%zuM", MaxHeapSize/M);
 972       AOTMetaspace::writing_error();
 973     } else {
 974       oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 975       aot_log_error(aot)("%s: %s", PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->external_name(),
 976                          message == nullptr ? "(null)" : java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message));
 977       AOTMetaspace::writing_error(err_msg("Unexpected exception, use -Xlog:aot%s,exceptions=trace for detail",
 978                                              CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "" : ",cds"));
 979     }
 980   }
 981 
 982   if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
 983     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 984       // We are in the JVM that runs the training run. Continue execution,
 985       // so that it can finish all clean-up and return the correct exit
 986       // code to the OS.
 987     } else {
 988       // The JLI launcher only recognizes the "old" -Xshare:dump flag.
 989       // When the new -XX:AOTMode=create flag is used, we can't return
 990       // to the JLI launcher, as the launcher will fail when trying to
 991       // run the main class, which is not what we want.
 992       struct stat st;
 993       if (os::stat(AOTCache, &st) != 0) {
 994         tty->print_cr("AOTCache creation failed: %s", AOTCache);
 995       } else {
 996         tty->print_cr("AOTCache creation is complete: %s " INT64_FORMAT " bytes", AOTCache, (int64_t)(st.st_size));
 997       }
 998       vm_direct_exit(0);
 999     }
1000   }
1001 }
1002 
1003 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && defined(_LP64)
1004 void AOTMetaspace::adjust_heap_sizes_for_dumping() {
1005   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() || UseCompressedOops) {
1006     return;
1007   }
1008   // CDS heap dumping requires all string oops to have an offset
1009   // from the heap bottom that can be encoded in 32-bit.
1010   julong max_heap_size = (julong)(4 * G);
1011 
1012   if (MinHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1013     log_debug(aot)("Setting MinHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", MinHeapSize/M);
1014     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MinHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1015   }
1016   if (InitialHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1017     log_debug(aot)("Setting InitialHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", InitialHeapSize/M);
1018     FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1019   }
1020   if (MaxHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1021     log_debug(aot)("Setting MaxHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", MaxHeapSize/M);
1022     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MaxHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1023   }
1024 }
1025 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && _LP64
1026 
1027 void AOTMetaspace::get_default_classlist(char* default_classlist, const size_t buf_size) {
1028   const char* filesep = os::file_separator();
1029   jio_snprintf(default_classlist, buf_size, "%s%slib%sclasslist",
1030                Arguments::get_java_home(), filesep, filesep);
1031 }
1032 
1033 void AOTMetaspace::load_classes(TRAPS) {
1034   char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
1035   const char* classlist_path;
1036 
1037   get_default_classlist(default_classlist, JVM_MAXPATHLEN);
1038   if (SharedClassListFile == nullptr) {
1039     classlist_path = default_classlist;
1040   } else {
1041     classlist_path = SharedClassListFile;
1042   }
1043 
1044   aot_log_info(aot)("Loading classes to share ...");
1045   ClassListParser::parse_classlist(classlist_path,
1046                                    ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1047   if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) {
1048     ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile,
1049                                      ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1050   }
1051   if (classlist_path != default_classlist) {
1052     struct stat statbuf;
1053     if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) {
1054       // File exists, let's use it.
1055       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist,
1056                                        ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK);
1057     }
1058   }
1059 
1060   // Some classes are used at CDS runtime but are not yet loaded at this point.
1061   // We can perform dummmy calls to these classes at dumptime to ensure they
1062   // are archived.
1063   exercise_runtime_cds_code(CHECK);
1064 
1065   aot_log_info(aot)("Loading classes to share: done.");
1066 }
1067 
1068 void AOTMetaspace::exercise_runtime_cds_code(TRAPS) {
1069   // Exercise the manifest processing code
1070   const char* dummy = "Manifest-Version: 1.0\n";
1071   CDSProtectionDomain::create_jar_manifest(dummy, strlen(dummy), CHECK);
1072 
1073   // Exercise FileSystem and URL code
1074   CDSProtectionDomain::to_file_URL("dummy.jar", Handle(), CHECK);
1075 }
1076 
1077 bool AOTMetaspace::is_recording_preimage_static_archive() {
1078   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1079       return _preimage_static_archive_dumped == 0;
1080   }
1081   return false;
1082 }
1083 
1084 jlong AOTMetaspace::get_preimage_static_archive_recording_duration() {
1085   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1086     if (_preimage_static_archive_recording_duration == 0) {
1087       // The recording has not yet finished so return the current elapsed time.
1088       return Management::ticks_to_ms(os::elapsed_counter());
1089     }
1090     return _preimage_static_archive_recording_duration;
1091   }
1092   return 0;
1093 }
1094 
1095 void AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive_impl(StaticArchiveBuilder& builder, TRAPS) {
1096   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1097     if (AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(&_preimage_static_archive_dumped, 0, 1) != 0) {
1098       return;
1099     }
1100     _preimage_static_archive_recording_duration = Management::ticks_to_ms(os::elapsed_counter());
1101   }
1102 
1103   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_classic_static_archive()) {
1104     // We are running with -Xshare:dump
1105     load_classes(CHECK);
1106 
1107     if (SharedArchiveConfigFile) {
1108       log_info(aot)("Reading extra data from %s ...", SharedArchiveConfigFile);
1109       read_extra_data(THREAD, SharedArchiveConfigFile);
1110       log_info(aot)("Reading extra data: done.");
1111     }
1112   }
1113 
1114   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1115     log_info(aot)("Reading lambda form invokers from JDK default classlist ...");
1116     char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
1117     get_default_classlist(default_classlist, JVM_MAXPATHLEN);
1118     struct stat statbuf;
1119     if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) {
1120       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist,
1121                                        ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK);
1122     }
1123   }
1124 
1125 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
1126   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1127     assert(CDSConfig::allow_only_single_java_thread(), "Required");
1128     if (!HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(THREAD)) {
1129       report_loading_error("archivedBootLayer not available, disabling full module graph");
1130       CDSConfig::stop_dumping_full_module_graph();
1131     }
1132     // Do this before link_shared_classes(), as the following line may load new classes.
1133     HeapShared::init_for_dumping(CHECK);
1134   }
1135 #endif
1136 
1137   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1138     if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) {
1139       log_info(aot)("Loading extra classes from %s ...", ExtraSharedClassListFile);
1140       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile,
1141                                        ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1142     }
1143   }
1144 
1145   // Rewrite and link classes
1146   log_info(aot)("Rewriting and linking classes ...");
1147 
1148   // Link any classes which got missed. This would happen if we have loaded classes that
1149   // were not explicitly specified in the classlist. E.g., if an interface implemented by class K
1150   // fails verification, all other interfaces that were not specified in the classlist but
1151   // are implemented by K are not verified.
1152   link_shared_classes(CHECK);
1153   log_info(aot)("Rewriting and linking classes: done");
1154   TrainingData::init_dumptime_table(CHECK); // captures TrainingDataSetLocker
1155 
1156   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_regenerated_lambdaform_invokers()) {
1157     LambdaFormInvokers::regenerate_holder_classes(CHECK);
1158   }
1159 
1160 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
1161   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1162     HeapShared::init_heap_writer();
1163     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
1164       ClassLoaderDataShared::ensure_module_entry_tables_exist();
1165       HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(CHECK);
1166     }
1167 
1168     if (ArchiveLoaderLookupCache) {
1169       SystemDictionaryShared::create_loader_positive_lookup_cache(CHECK);
1170     }
1171 
1172     AOTReferenceObjSupport::initialize(CHECK);
1173     AOTReferenceObjSupport::stabilize_cached_reference_objects(CHECK);
1174 
1175     if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1176       // java.lang.Class::reflectionFactory cannot be archived yet. We set this field
1177       // to null, and it will be initialized again at runtime.
1178       log_debug(aot)("Resetting Class::reflectionFactory");
1179       TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
1180       Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
1181       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
1182       JavaCalls::call_static(&result, vmClasses::Class_klass(),
1183                              method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
1184 
1185       // Perhaps there is a way to avoid hard-coding these names here.
1186       // See discussion in JDK-8342481.
1187     }
1188 
1189     if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
1190       // Do this at the very end, when no Java code will be executed. Otherwise
1191       // some new strings may be added to the intern table.
1192       StringTable::allocate_shared_strings_array(CHECK);
1193     }
1194   } else {
1195     log_info(aot)("Not dumping heap, reset CDSConfig::_is_using_optimized_module_handling");
1196     CDSConfig::stop_using_optimized_module_handling();
1197   }
1198 #endif
1199 
1200   VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace op(builder);
1201   VMThread::execute(&op);
1202 
1203   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1204     if (AOTCodeCache::is_caching_enabled()) {
1205       // We have just created the final image. Let's run the AOT compiler
1206       if (AOTPrintTrainingInfo) {
1207         tty->print_cr("==================== archived_training_data ** after dumping ====================");
1208         TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
1209       }
1210 
1211       {
1212         builder.start_ac_region();
1213         if (AOTCodeCache::is_dumping_code()) {
1214           CDSConfig::enable_dumping_aot_code();
1215           log_info(aot)("Compiling AOT code");
1216           Precompiler::compile_aot_code(&builder, CHECK);
1217           log_info(aot)("Finished compiling AOT code");
1218           CDSConfig::disable_dumping_aot_code();
1219         }
1220         // Write the contents to aot code region and close AOTCodeCache before packing the region
1221         AOTCodeCache::close();
1222         log_info(aot)("Dumped AOT code Cache");
1223         builder.end_ac_region();
1224       }
1225     }
1226   }
1227 
1228   bool status = write_static_archive(&builder, op.map_info(), op.mapped_heap_info(), op.streamed_heap_info());
1229   if (status && CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1230     tty->print_cr("%s AOTConfiguration recorded: %s",
1231                   CDSConfig::has_temp_aot_config_file() ? "Temporary" : "", AOTConfiguration);
1232     if (CDSConfig::is_single_command_training()) {
1233       fork_and_dump_final_static_archive(CHECK);
1234     }
1235   }
1236 
1237   if (!status) {
1238     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Encountered error while dumping");
1239   }
1240 }
1241 
1242 bool AOTMetaspace::write_static_archive(ArchiveBuilder* builder,
1243                                         FileMapInfo* map_info,
1244                                         ArchiveMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info,
1245                                         ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
1246   // relocate the data so that it can be mapped to AOTMetaspace::requested_base_address()
1247   // without runtime relocation.
1248   builder->relocate_to_requested();
1249 
1250   map_info->open_as_output();
1251   if (!map_info->is_open()) {
1252     return false;
1253   }
1254   builder->write_archive(map_info, mapped_heap_info, streamed_heap_info);
1255   return true;
1256 }
1257 
1258 static void print_java_launcher(outputStream* st) {
1259   st->print("%s%sbin%sjava", Arguments::get_java_home(), os::file_separator(), os::file_separator());
1260 }
1261 
1262 static void append_args(GrowableArray<Handle>* args, const char* arg, TRAPS) {
1263   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str(arg, CHECK);
1264   args->append(string);
1265 }
1266 
1267 // Pass all options in Arguments::jvm_args_array() to a child JVM process
1268 // using the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable.
1269 static int exec_jvm_with_java_tool_options(const char* java_launcher_path, TRAPS) {
1270   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1271   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1272   GrowableArray<Handle> args;
1273 
1274   const char* cp = Arguments::get_appclasspath();
1275   if (cp != nullptr && strlen(cp) > 0 && strcmp(cp, ".") != 0) {
1276     // We cannot use "-cp", because "-cp" is only interpreted by the java launcher,
1277     // and is not interpreter by arguments.cpp when it loads args from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS
1278     stringStream ss;
1279     ss.print("-Djava.class.path=");
1280     ss.print_raw(cp);
1281     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1282     // CDS$ProcessLauncher::execWithJavaToolOptions() must unset CLASSPATH, which has
1283     // a higher priority than -Djava.class.path=
1284   }
1285 
1286   // Pass all arguments. These include those from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS.
1287   for (int i = 0; i < Arguments::num_jvm_args(); i++) {
1288     const char* arg = Arguments::jvm_args_array()[i];
1289     if (strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTCacheOutput=") == arg || // arg starts with ...
1290         strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTConfiguration=") == arg ||
1291         strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTMode=") == arg) {
1292       // Filter these out. They wiill be set below.
1293     } else {
1294       append_args(&args, arg, CHECK_0);
1295     }
1296   }
1297 
1298   // Note: because we are running in AOTMode=record, JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS have not been
1299   // parsed, so they are not in Arguments::jvm_args_array. If JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS is in
1300   // the environment, it will be inherited and parsed by the child JVM process
1301   // in Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable().
1302   precond(strcmp(AOTMode, "record") == 0);
1303 
1304   // We don't pass Arguments::jvm_flags_array(), as those will be added by
1305   // the child process when it loads .hotspotrc
1306 
1307   {
1308     // If AOTCacheOutput contains %p, it should have been already substituted with the
1309     // pid of the training process.
1310     stringStream ss;
1311     ss.print("-XX:AOTCacheOutput=");
1312     ss.print_raw(AOTCacheOutput);
1313     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1314   }
1315   {
1316     // If AOTCacheConfiguration contains %p, it should have been already substituted with the
1317     // pid of the training process.
1318     // If AOTCacheConfiguration was not explicitly specified, it should have been assigned a
1319     // temporary file name.
1320     stringStream ss;
1321     ss.print("-XX:AOTConfiguration=");
1322     ss.print_raw(AOTConfiguration);
1323     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1324   }
1325 
1326   append_args(&args, "-XX:AOTMode=create", CHECK_0);
1327 
1328   Symbol* klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("jdk/internal/misc/CDS$ProcessLauncher");
1329   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, CHECK_0);
1330   Symbol* methodName = SymbolTable::new_symbol("execWithJavaToolOptions");
1331   Symbol* methodSignature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("(Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)I");
1332 
1333   Handle launcher = java_lang_String::create_from_str(java_launcher_path, CHECK_0);
1334   objArrayOop array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::String_klass(), args.length(), CHECK_0);
1335   for (int i = 0; i < args.length(); i++) {
1336     array->obj_at_put(i, args.at(i)());
1337   }
1338   objArrayHandle launcher_args(THREAD, array);
1339 
1340   // The following call will pass all options inside the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS env variable to
1341   // the child process. It will also clear the _JAVA_OPTIONS and CLASSPATH env variables for
1342   // the child process.
1343   //
1344   // Note: the env variables are set only for the child process. They are not changed
1345   // for the current process. See java.lang.ProcessBuilder::environment().
1346   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
1347   JavaCallArguments javacall_args(2);
1348   javacall_args.push_oop(launcher);
1349   javacall_args.push_oop(launcher_args);
1350   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
1351                           InstanceKlass::cast(k),
1352                           methodName,
1353                           methodSignature,
1354                           &javacall_args,
1355                           CHECK_0);
1356   return result.get_jint();
1357 }
1358 
1359 void AOTMetaspace::fork_and_dump_final_static_archive(TRAPS) {
1360   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "sanity");
1361 
1362   ResourceMark rm;
1363   stringStream ss;
1364   print_java_launcher(&ss);
1365   const char* cmd = ss.freeze();
1366   tty->print_cr("Launching child process %s to assemble AOT cache %s using configuration %s", cmd, AOTCacheOutput, AOTConfiguration);
1367   int status = exec_jvm_with_java_tool_options(cmd, CHECK);
1368   if (status != 0) {
1369     log_error(aot)("Child process failed; status = %d", status);
1370     // We leave the temp config file for debugging
1371   } else if (CDSConfig::has_temp_aot_config_file()) {
1372     const char* tmp_config = AOTConfiguration;
1373     // On Windows, need WRITE permission to remove the file.
1374     WINDOWS_ONLY(chmod(tmp_config, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE));
1375     status = remove(tmp_config);
1376     if (status != 0) {
1377       log_error(aot)("Failed to remove temporary AOT configuration file %s", tmp_config);
1378     } else {
1379       tty->print_cr("Removed temporary AOT configuration file %s", tmp_config);
1380     }
1381   }
1382 }
1383 
1384 // Returns true if the class's status has changed.
1385 bool AOTMetaspace::try_link_class(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik) {
1386   ExceptionMark em(current);
1387   JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
1388   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive(), "sanity");
1389 
1390   if (ik->in_aot_cache() && !CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1391     assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive(), "must be");
1392     return false;
1393   }
1394 
1395   if (ik->is_loaded() && !ik->is_linked() && ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() &&
1396       !SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik)) {
1397     bool saved = BytecodeVerificationLocal;
1398     if (ik->defined_by_other_loaders() && ik->class_loader() == nullptr) {
1399       // The verification decision is based on BytecodeVerificationRemote
1400       // for non-system classes. Since we are using the null classloader
1401       // to load non-system classes for customized class loaders during dumping,
1402       // we need to temporarily change BytecodeVerificationLocal to be the same as
1403       // BytecodeVerificationRemote. Note this can cause the parent system
1404       // classes also being verified. The extra overhead is acceptable during
1405       // dumping.
1406       BytecodeVerificationLocal = BytecodeVerificationRemote;
1407     }
1408     ik->link_class(THREAD);
1409     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1410       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1411       aot_log_warning(aot)("Preload Warning: Verification failed for %s",
1412                     ik->external_name());
1413       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1414       SystemDictionaryShared::set_class_has_failed_verification(ik);
1415     } else {
1416       assert(!SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik), "sanity");
1417       ik->compute_has_loops_flag_for_methods();
1418     }
1419     BytecodeVerificationLocal = saved;
1420     return true;
1421   } else {
1422     return false;
1423   }
1424 }
1425 
1426 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_java_heap_objects() {
1427   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1428     HeapShared::write_heap(&_mapped_heap_info, &_streamed_heap_info);
1429   } else if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1430     CDSConfig::log_reasons_for_not_dumping_heap();
1431   }
1432 }
1433 
1434 void AOTMetaspace::set_aot_metaspace_range(void* base, void *static_top, void* top) {
1435   assert(base <= static_top && static_top <= top, "must be");
1436   _aot_metaspace_static_top = static_top;
1437   MetaspaceObj::set_aot_metaspace_range(base, top);
1438 }
1439 
1440 bool AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache_dynamic_region(void* p) {
1441   if ((p < MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_top()) &&
1442       (p >= _aot_metaspace_static_top)) {
1443     return true;
1444   } else {
1445     return false;
1446   }
1447 }
1448 
1449 bool AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache_static_region(void* p) {
1450   if (in_aot_cache(p) && !in_aot_cache_dynamic_region(p)) {
1451     return true;
1452   } else {
1453     return false;
1454   }
1455 }
1456 
1457 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to load the specified archive(s) due to one
1458 // of the following conditions.
1459 // - There's an error that indicates that the archive(s) files were corrupt or otherwise damaged.
1460 // - When -XX:+RequireSharedSpaces is specified, AND the JVM cannot load the archive(s) due
1461 //   to version or classpath mismatch.
1462 void AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error(const char* message) {
1463   report_loading_error("%s", message);
1464 
1465   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1466     vm_exit_during_initialization("Must be a valid AOT configuration generated by the current JVM", AOTConfiguration);
1467   } else if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1468     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use AOT cache.", nullptr);
1469   } else {
1470     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive. Unrecoverable archive loading error (run with -Xlog:aot,cds for details)", message);
1471   }
1472 }
1473 
1474 void AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error(const char* format, ...) {
1475   // When using AOT cache, errors messages are always printed on the error channel.
1476   LogStream ls_aot(LogLevel::Error, LogTagSetMapping<LOG_TAGS(aot)>::tagset());
1477 
1478   // If we are loading load the default CDS archive, it may fail due to incompatible VM options.
1479   // Print at the info level to avoid excessive verbosity.
1480   // However, if the user has specified a CDS archive (or AOT cache), they would be interested in
1481   // knowing that the loading fails, so we print at the error level.
1482   LogLevelType level = (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_only_default_archive()) ?
1483                         LogLevel::Info : LogLevel::Error;
1484   LogStream ls_cds(level, LogTagSetMapping<LOG_TAGS(cds)>::tagset());
1485 
1486   LogStream& ls = CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? ls_aot : ls_cds;
1487   if (!ls.is_enabled()) {
1488     return;
1489   }
1490 
1491   va_list ap;
1492   va_start(ap, format);
1493 
1494   static bool printed_error = false;
1495   if (!printed_error) { // No need for locks. Loading error checks happen only in main thread.
1496     ls.print_cr("An error has occurred while processing the %s. Run with -Xlog:%s for details.",
1497                 CDSConfig::type_of_archive_being_loaded(), CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "aot" : "aot,cds");
1498     printed_error = true;
1499   }
1500   ls.vprint_cr(format, ap);
1501 
1502   va_end(ap);
1503 }
1504 
1505 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to write the specified CDS archive due to an
1506 // unrecoverable error.
1507 void AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error(const char* message) {
1508   writing_error(message);
1509   vm_direct_exit(1);
1510 }
1511 
1512 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to write the specified CDS archive due to a
1513 // an error. The error will be propagated
1514 void AOTMetaspace::writing_error(const char* message) {
1515   aot_log_error(aot)("An error has occurred while writing the shared archive file.");
1516   if (message != nullptr) {
1517     aot_log_error(aot)("%s", message);
1518   }
1519 }
1520 
1521 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_runtime_shared_and_meta_spaces() {
1522   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "Must be called when UseSharedSpaces is enabled");
1523   MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1524 
1525   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
1526   FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo = nullptr;
1527 
1528   if (static_mapinfo != nullptr) {
1529     aot_log_info(aot)("Core region alignment: %zu", static_mapinfo->core_region_alignment());
1530     dynamic_mapinfo = open_dynamic_archive();
1531 
1532     aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode: %d", ArchiveRelocationMode);
1533 
1534     // First try to map at the requested address
1535     result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, true);
1536     if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE) {
1537       // Mapping has failed (probably due to ASLR). Let's map at an address chosen
1538       // by the OS.
1539       aot_log_info(aot)("Try to map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1540       result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, false);
1541     }
1542   }
1543 
1544   if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1545     bool dynamic_mapped = (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped());
1546     char* cds_base = static_mapinfo->mapped_base();
1547     char* cds_end =  dynamic_mapped ? dynamic_mapinfo->mapped_end() : static_mapinfo->mapped_end();
1548     // Register CDS memory region with LSan.
1549     LSAN_REGISTER_ROOT_REGION(cds_base, cds_end - cds_base);
1550     set_aot_metaspace_range(cds_base, static_mapinfo->mapped_end(), cds_end);
1551     _relocation_delta = static_mapinfo->relocation_delta();
1552     _requested_base_address = static_mapinfo->requested_base_address();
1553     if (dynamic_mapped) {
1554       // turn AutoCreateSharedArchive off if successfully mapped
1555       AutoCreateSharedArchive = false;
1556     }
1557   } else {
1558     set_aot_metaspace_range(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
1559     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
1560       aot_log_warning(aot)("-XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit is unsupported when base CDS archive is not loaded. Run with -Xlog:cds for more info.");
1561     }
1562     UseSharedSpaces = false;
1563     // The base archive cannot be mapped. We cannot dump the dynamic shared archive.
1564     AutoCreateSharedArchive = false;
1565     CDSConfig::disable_dumping_dynamic_archive();
1566     if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
1567       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to use shared archive.");
1568     } else {
1569       if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1570         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1571       } else {
1572         report_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1573       }
1574     }
1575   }
1576 
1577   // If mapping failed and -XShare:on, the vm should exit
1578   bool has_failed = false;
1579   if (static_mapinfo != nullptr && !static_mapinfo->is_mapped()) {
1580     has_failed = true;
1581     delete static_mapinfo;
1582   }
1583   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped()) {
1584     has_failed = true;
1585     delete dynamic_mapinfo;
1586   }
1587   if (RequireSharedSpaces && has_failed) {
1588     // static archive mapped but dynamic archive failed
1589       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1590   }
1591 }
1592 
1593 // This is called very early at VM start up to get the size of the cached_code region
1594 void AOTMetaspace::open_static_archive() {
1595   if (!UseSharedSpaces) { // FIXME -- is this still needed??
1596     return;
1597   }
1598   const char* static_archive = CDSConfig::input_static_archive_path();
1599   assert(static_archive != nullptr, "sanity");
1600   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true);
1601   if (!mapinfo->open_as_input()) {
1602     delete(mapinfo);
1603     log_info(cds)("Opening of static archive %s failed", static_archive);
1604   } else {
1605     FileMapRegion* r = mapinfo->region_at(AOTMetaspace::ac);
1606     AOTCacheAccess::set_aot_code_region_size(r->used_aligned());
1607   }
1608 }
1609 
1610 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::open_dynamic_archive() {
1611   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
1612     return nullptr;
1613   }
1614   const char* dynamic_archive = CDSConfig::input_dynamic_archive_path();
1615   if (dynamic_archive == nullptr) {
1616     return nullptr;
1617   }
1618 
1619   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(dynamic_archive, false);
1620   if (!mapinfo->open_as_input()) {
1621     delete(mapinfo);
1622     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1623       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Failed to initialize dynamic archive");
1624     }
1625     return nullptr;
1626   }
1627   return mapinfo;
1628 }
1629 
1630 // use_requested_addr:
1631 //  true  = map at FileMapHeader::_requested_base_address
1632 //  false = map at an alternative address picked by OS.
1633 MapArchiveResult AOTMetaspace::map_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo, FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo,
1634                                             bool use_requested_addr) {
1635   if (use_requested_addr && static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() == nullptr) {
1636     aot_log_info(aot)("Archive(s) were created with -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0. Always map at os-selected address.");
1637     return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1638   }
1639 
1640   PRODUCT_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) {
1641       // For product build only -- this is for benchmarking the cost of doing relocation.
1642       // For debug builds, the check is done below, after reserving the space, for better test coverage
1643       // (see comment below).
1644       aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1645       return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1646     });
1647 
1648   if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 2 && !use_requested_addr) {
1649     aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 2: never map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1650     return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1651   };
1652 
1653   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
1654     // Ensure that the OS won't be able to allocate new memory spaces between the two
1655     // archives, or else it would mess up the simple comparison in MetaspaceObj::in_aot_cache().
1656     assert(static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() == dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_base_offset(), "no gap");
1657   }
1658 
1659   ReservedSpace total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs;
1660   MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1661   size_t prot_zone_size = 0;
1662   char* mapped_base_address = reserve_address_space_for_archives(static_mapinfo,
1663                                                                  dynamic_mapinfo,
1664                                                                  use_requested_addr,
1665                                                                  total_space_rs,
1666                                                                  archive_space_rs,
1667                                                                  class_space_rs);
1668   if (mapped_base_address == nullptr) {
1669     result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1670     aot_log_debug(aot)("Failed to reserve spaces (use_requested_addr=%u)", (unsigned)use_requested_addr);
1671   } else {
1672 
1673     if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1674       prot_zone_size = protection_zone_size();
1675     }
1676 
1677 #ifdef ASSERT
1678     // Some sanity checks after reserving address spaces for archives
1679     //  and class space.
1680     assert(archive_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Sanity");
1681     if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1682       assert(archive_space_rs.base() == mapped_base_address &&
1683           archive_space_rs.size() > protection_zone_size(),
1684           "Archive space must lead and include the protection zone");
1685       // Class space must closely follow the archive space. Both spaces
1686       //  must be aligned correctly.
1687       assert(class_space_rs.is_reserved() && class_space_rs.size() > 0,
1688              "A class space should have been reserved");
1689       assert(class_space_rs.base() >= archive_space_rs.end(),
1690              "class space should follow the cds archive space");
1691       assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(),
1692                         core_region_alignment()),
1693              "Archive space misaligned");
1694       assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(),
1695                         Metaspace::reserve_alignment()),
1696              "class space misaligned");
1697     }
1698 #endif // ASSERT
1699 
1700     aot_log_info(aot)("Reserved archive_space_rs [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (%zu) bytes%s",
1701                    p2i(archive_space_rs.base()), p2i(archive_space_rs.end()), archive_space_rs.size(),
1702                    (prot_zone_size > 0 ? " (includes protection zone)" : ""));
1703     aot_log_info(aot)("Reserved class_space_rs   [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (%zu) bytes",
1704                    p2i(class_space_rs.base()), p2i(class_space_rs.end()), class_space_rs.size());
1705 
1706     if (AOTMetaspace::use_windows_memory_mapping()) {
1707       // We have now reserved address space for the archives, and will map in
1708       //  the archive files into this space.
1709       //
1710       // Special handling for Windows: on Windows we cannot map a file view
1711       //  into an existing memory mapping. So, we unmap the address range we
1712       //  just reserved again, which will make it available for mapping the
1713       //  archives.
1714       // Reserving this range has not been for naught however since it makes
1715       //  us reasonably sure the address range is available.
1716       //
1717       // But still it may fail, since between unmapping the range and mapping
1718       //  in the archive someone else may grab the address space. Therefore
1719       //  there is a fallback in FileMap::map_region() where we just read in
1720       //  the archive files sequentially instead of mapping it in. We couple
1721       //  this with use_requested_addr, since we're going to patch all the
1722       //  pointers anyway so there's no benefit to mmap.
1723       if (use_requested_addr) {
1724         assert(!total_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Should not be reserved for Windows");
1725         aot_log_info(aot)("Windows mmap workaround: releasing archive space.");
1726         MemoryReserver::release(archive_space_rs);
1727         // Mark as not reserved
1728         archive_space_rs = {};
1729         // The protection zone is part of the archive:
1730         // See comment above, the Windows way of loading CDS is to mmap the individual
1731         // parts of the archive into the address region we just vacated. The protection
1732         // zone will not be mapped (and, in fact, does not exist as physical region in
1733         // the archive). Therefore, after removing the archive space above, we must
1734         // re-reserve the protection zone part lest something else gets mapped into that
1735         // area later.
1736         if (prot_zone_size > 0) {
1737           assert(prot_zone_size >= os::vm_allocation_granularity(), "must be"); // not just page size!
1738           char* p = os::attempt_reserve_memory_at(mapped_base_address, prot_zone_size,
1739                                                   mtClassShared);
1740           assert(p == mapped_base_address || p == nullptr, "must be");
1741           if (p == nullptr) {
1742             aot_log_debug(aot)("Failed to re-reserve protection zone");
1743             return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1744           }
1745         }
1746       }
1747     }
1748 
1749     if (prot_zone_size > 0) {
1750       os::commit_memory(mapped_base_address, prot_zone_size, false); // will later be protected
1751       // Before mapping the core regions into the newly established address space, we mark
1752       // start and the end of the future protection zone with canaries. That way we easily
1753       // catch mapping errors (accidentally mapping data into the future protection zone).
1754       *(mapped_base_address) = 'P';
1755       *(mapped_base_address + prot_zone_size - 1) = 'P';
1756     }
1757 
1758     MapArchiveResult static_result = map_archive(static_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs);
1759     MapArchiveResult dynamic_result = (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) ?
1760                                      map_archive(dynamic_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs) : MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1761 
1762     DEBUG_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) {
1763       // This is for simulating mmap failures at the requested address. In
1764       //  debug builds, we do it here (after all archives have possibly been
1765       //  mapped), so we can thoroughly test the code for failure handling
1766       //  (releasing all allocated resource, etc).
1767       aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1768       if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1769         static_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1770       }
1771       if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1772         dynamic_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1773       }
1774     });
1775 
1776     if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1777       if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1778         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
1779       } else if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) {
1780         assert(dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped(), "must have failed");
1781         // No need to retry mapping the dynamic archive again, as it will never succeed
1782         // (bad file, etc) -- just keep the base archive.
1783         log_warning(cds, dynamic)("Unable to use shared archive. The top archive failed to load: %s",
1784                                   dynamic_mapinfo->full_path());
1785         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
1786         // TODO, we can give the unused space for the dynamic archive to class_space_rs, but there's no
1787         // easy API to do that right now.
1788       } else {
1789         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1790       }
1791     } else if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) {
1792       result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1793     } else {
1794       result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1795     }
1796   }
1797 
1798   if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1799     SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)mapped_base_address;
1800 #ifdef _LP64
1801     if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1802       assert(prot_zone_size > 0 &&
1803              *(mapped_base_address) == 'P' &&
1804              *(mapped_base_address + prot_zone_size - 1) == 'P',
1805              "Protection zone was overwritten?");
1806       // Set up ccs in metaspace.
1807       Metaspace::initialize_class_space(class_space_rs);
1808 
1809       // Set up compressed Klass pointer encoding: the encoding range must
1810       //  cover both archive and class space.
1811       const address klass_range_start = (address)mapped_base_address;
1812       const size_t klass_range_size = (address)class_space_rs.end() - klass_range_start;
1813       if (INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP || UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
1814         // The CDS archive may contain narrow Klass IDs that were precomputed at archive generation time:
1815         // - every archived java object header (only if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP)
1816         // - every archived Klass' prototype   (only if +UseCompactObjectHeaders)
1817         //
1818         // In order for those IDs to still be valid, we need to dictate base and shift: base should be the
1819         // mapping start (including protection zone), shift should be the shift used at archive generation time.
1820         CompressedKlassPointers::initialize_for_given_encoding(
1821           klass_range_start, klass_range_size,
1822           klass_range_start, ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift() // precomputed encoding, see ArchiveBuilder
1823         );
1824         assert(CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start, "must be");
1825       } else {
1826         // Let JVM freely choose encoding base and shift
1827         CompressedKlassPointers::initialize(klass_range_start, klass_range_size);
1828         assert(CompressedKlassPointers::base() == nullptr ||
1829                CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start, "must be");
1830       }
1831       // Establish protection zone, but only if we need one
1832       if (CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start) {
1833         CompressedKlassPointers::establish_protection_zone(klass_range_start, prot_zone_size);
1834       }
1835 
1836       if (static_mapinfo->can_use_heap_region()) {
1837         if (static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode()) {
1838           HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode::_streaming);
1839         } else {
1840           // map_or_load_heap_region() compares the current narrow oop and klass encodings
1841           // with the archived ones, so it must be done after all encodings are determined.
1842           static_mapinfo->map_or_load_heap_region();
1843           HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode::_mapping);
1844         }
1845       } else {
1846         FileMapRegion* r = static_mapinfo->region_at(AOTMetaspace::hp);
1847         if (r->used() > 0) {
1848           if (static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode()) {
1849             AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data.");
1850           } else {
1851             if (!UseCompressedOops && !AOTMappedHeapLoader::can_map()) {
1852               AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data. Selected GC not compatible -XX:-UseCompressedOops");
1853             } else {
1854               AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data. UseEpsilonGC, UseG1GC, UseSerialGC, UseParallelGC, or UseShenandoahGC are required.");
1855             }
1856           }
1857         }
1858       }
1859     }
1860 #endif // _LP64
1861     log_info(aot)("initial optimized module handling: %s", CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() ? "enabled" : "disabled");
1862     log_info(aot)("initial full module graph: %s", CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph() ? "enabled" : "disabled");
1863   } else {
1864     unmap_archive(static_mapinfo);
1865     unmap_archive(dynamic_mapinfo);
1866     release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs);
1867   }
1868 
1869   return result;
1870 }
1871 
1872 
1873 // This will reserve two address spaces suitable to house Klass structures, one
1874 //  for the cds archives (static archive and optionally dynamic archive) and
1875 //  optionally one move for ccs.
1876 //
1877 // Since both spaces must fall within the compressed class pointer encoding
1878 //  range, they are allocated close to each other.
1879 //
1880 // Space for archives will be reserved first, followed by a potential gap,
1881 //  followed by the space for ccs:
1882 //
1883 // +-- Base address             A        B                     End
1884 // |                            |        |                      |
1885 // v                            v        v                      v
1886 // +-------------+--------------+        +----------------------+
1887 // | static arc  | [dyn. arch]  | [gap]  | compr. class space   |
1888 // +-------------+--------------+        +----------------------+
1889 //
1890 // (The gap may result from different alignment requirements between metaspace
1891 //  and CDS)
1892 //
1893 // If UseCompressedClassPointers is disabled, only one address space will be
1894 //  reserved:
1895 //
1896 // +-- Base address             End
1897 // |                            |
1898 // v                            v
1899 // +-------------+--------------+
1900 // | static arc  | [dyn. arch]  |
1901 // +-------------+--------------+
1902 //
1903 // Base address: If use_archive_base_addr address is true, the Base address is
1904 //  determined by the address stored in the static archive. If
1905 //  use_archive_base_addr address is false, this base address is determined
1906 //  by the platform.
1907 //
1908 // If UseCompressedClassPointers=1, the range encompassing both spaces will be
1909 //  suitable to en/decode narrow Klass pointers: the base will be valid for
1910 //  encoding, the range [Base, End) and not surpass the max. range for that encoding.
1911 //
1912 // Return:
1913 //
1914 // - On success:
1915 //    - total_space_rs will be reserved as whole for archive_space_rs and
1916 //      class_space_rs if UseCompressedClassPointers is true.
1917 //      On Windows, try reserve archive_space_rs and class_space_rs
1918 //      separately first if use_archive_base_addr is true.
1919 //    - archive_space_rs will be reserved and large enough to host static and
1920 //      if needed dynamic archive: [Base, A).
1921 //      archive_space_rs.base and size will be aligned to CDS reserve
1922 //      granularity.
1923 //    - class_space_rs: If UseCompressedClassPointers=1, class_space_rs will
1924 //      be reserved. Its start address will be aligned to metaspace reserve
1925 //      alignment, which may differ from CDS alignment. It will follow the cds
1926 //      archive space, close enough such that narrow class pointer encoding
1927 //      covers both spaces.
1928 //      If UseCompressedClassPointers=0, class_space_rs remains unreserved.
1929 // - On error: null is returned and the spaces remain unreserved.
1930 char* AOTMetaspace::reserve_address_space_for_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo,
1931                                                        FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo,
1932                                                        bool use_archive_base_addr,
1933                                                        ReservedSpace& total_space_rs,
1934                                                        ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs,
1935                                                        ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) {
1936 
1937   address const base_address = (address) (use_archive_base_addr ? static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() : nullptr);
1938   const size_t archive_space_alignment = core_region_alignment();
1939 
1940   // Size and requested location of the archive_space_rs (for both static and dynamic archives)
1941   size_t archive_end_offset  = (dynamic_mapinfo == nullptr) ? static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() : dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset();
1942   size_t archive_space_size = align_up(archive_end_offset, archive_space_alignment);
1943 
1944   if (!Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1945     // Get the simple case out of the way first:
1946     // no compressed class space, simple allocation.
1947 
1948     // When running without class space, requested archive base should be aligned to cds core alignment.
1949     assert(is_aligned(base_address, archive_space_alignment),
1950              "Archive base address unaligned: " PTR_FORMAT ", needs alignment: %zu.",
1951              p2i(base_address), archive_space_alignment);
1952 
1953     archive_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)base_address,
1954                                                archive_space_size,
1955                                                archive_space_alignment,
1956                                                os::vm_page_size(),
1957                                                mtNone);
1958     if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
1959       assert(base_address == nullptr ||
1960              (address)archive_space_rs.base() == base_address, "Sanity");
1961       // Register archive space with NMT.
1962       MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(archive_space_rs, mtClassShared);
1963       return archive_space_rs.base();
1964     }
1965     return nullptr;
1966   }
1967 
1968 #ifdef _LP64
1969 
1970   // Complex case: two spaces adjacent to each other, both to be addressable
1971   //  with narrow class pointers.
1972   // We reserve the whole range spanning both spaces, then split that range up.
1973 
1974   const size_t class_space_alignment = Metaspace::reserve_alignment();
1975 
1976   // When running with class space, requested archive base must satisfy both cds core alignment
1977   // and class space alignment.
1978   const size_t base_address_alignment = MAX2(class_space_alignment, archive_space_alignment);
1979   assert(is_aligned(base_address, base_address_alignment),
1980            "Archive base address unaligned: " PTR_FORMAT ", needs alignment: %zu.",
1981            p2i(base_address), base_address_alignment);
1982 
1983   size_t class_space_size = CompressedClassSpaceSize;
1984   assert(CompressedClassSpaceSize > 0 &&
1985          is_aligned(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_alignment),
1986          "CompressedClassSpaceSize malformed: %zu", CompressedClassSpaceSize);
1987 
1988   const size_t ccs_begin_offset = align_up(archive_space_size, class_space_alignment);
1989   const size_t gap_size = ccs_begin_offset - archive_space_size;
1990 
1991   // Reduce class space size if it would not fit into the Klass encoding range
1992   constexpr size_t max_encoding_range_size = 4 * G;
1993   guarantee(archive_space_size < max_encoding_range_size - class_space_alignment, "Archive too large");
1994   if ((archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size) > max_encoding_range_size) {
1995     class_space_size = align_down(max_encoding_range_size - archive_space_size - gap_size, class_space_alignment);
1996     log_info(metaspace)("CDS initialization: reducing class space size from %zu to %zu",
1997         CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_size);
1998     FLAG_SET_ERGO(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_size);
1999   }
2000 
2001   const size_t total_range_size =
2002       archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size;
2003 
2004   // Test that class space base address plus shift can be decoded by aarch64, when restored.
2005   const int precomputed_narrow_klass_shift = ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift();
2006   if (!CompressedKlassPointers::check_klass_decode_mode(base_address, precomputed_narrow_klass_shift,
2007                                                         total_range_size)) {
2008     aot_log_info(aot)("CDS initialization: Cannot use SharedBaseAddress " PTR_FORMAT " with precomputed shift %d.",
2009                   p2i(base_address), precomputed_narrow_klass_shift);
2010     use_archive_base_addr = false;
2011   }
2012 
2013   assert(total_range_size > ccs_begin_offset, "must be");
2014   if (use_windows_memory_mapping() && use_archive_base_addr) {
2015     if (base_address != nullptr) {
2016       // On Windows, we cannot safely split a reserved memory space into two (see JDK-8255917).
2017       // Hence, we optimistically reserve archive space and class space side-by-side. We only
2018       // do this for use_archive_base_addr=true since for use_archive_base_addr=false case
2019       // caller will not split the combined space for mapping, instead read the archive data
2020       // via sequential file IO.
2021       address ccs_base = base_address + archive_space_size + gap_size;
2022       archive_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)base_address,
2023                                                  archive_space_size,
2024                                                  archive_space_alignment,
2025                                                  os::vm_page_size(),
2026                                                  mtNone);
2027       class_space_rs   = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)ccs_base,
2028                                                  class_space_size,
2029                                                  class_space_alignment,
2030                                                  os::vm_page_size(),
2031                                                  mtNone);
2032     }
2033     if (!archive_space_rs.is_reserved() || !class_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2034       release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs);
2035       return nullptr;
2036     }
2037     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(archive_space_rs, mtClassShared);
2038     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(class_space_rs, mtClass);
2039   } else {
2040     if (use_archive_base_addr && base_address != nullptr) {
2041       total_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*) base_address,
2042                                                total_range_size,
2043                                                base_address_alignment,
2044                                                os::vm_page_size(),
2045                                                mtNone);
2046     } else {
2047       // We did not manage to reserve at the preferred address, or were instructed to relocate. In that
2048       // case we reserve wherever possible, but the start address needs to be encodable as narrow Klass
2049       // encoding base since the archived heap objects contain narrow Klass IDs pre-calculated toward the start
2050       // of the shared Metaspace. That prevents us from using zero-based encoding and therefore we won't
2051       // try allocating in low-address regions.
2052       total_space_rs = Metaspace::reserve_address_space_for_compressed_classes(total_range_size, false /* optimize_for_zero_base */);
2053     }
2054 
2055     if (!total_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2056       return nullptr;
2057     }
2058 
2059     // Paranoid checks:
2060     assert(!use_archive_base_addr || (address)total_space_rs.base() == base_address,
2061            "Sanity (" PTR_FORMAT " vs " PTR_FORMAT ")", p2i(base_address), p2i(total_space_rs.base()));
2062     assert(is_aligned(total_space_rs.base(), base_address_alignment), "Sanity");
2063     assert(total_space_rs.size() == total_range_size, "Sanity");
2064 
2065     // Now split up the space into ccs and cds archive. For simplicity, just leave
2066     //  the gap reserved at the end of the archive space. Do not do real splitting.
2067     archive_space_rs = total_space_rs.first_part(ccs_begin_offset,
2068                                                  (size_t)archive_space_alignment);
2069     class_space_rs = total_space_rs.last_part(ccs_begin_offset);
2070     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_split_reserved(total_space_rs.base(), total_space_rs.size(),
2071                                                      ccs_begin_offset, mtClassShared, mtClass);
2072   }
2073   assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2074   assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.size(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2075   assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2076   assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.size(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2077 
2078 
2079   return archive_space_rs.base();
2080 
2081 #else
2082   ShouldNotReachHere();
2083   return nullptr;
2084 #endif
2085 
2086 }
2087 
2088 void AOTMetaspace::release_reserved_spaces(ReservedSpace& total_space_rs,
2089                                            ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs,
2090                                            ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) {
2091   if (total_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2092     aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (archive + class) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(total_space_rs.base()));
2093     MemoryReserver::release(total_space_rs);
2094     total_space_rs = {};
2095   } else {
2096     if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2097       aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (archive) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(archive_space_rs.base()));
2098       MemoryReserver::release(archive_space_rs);
2099       archive_space_rs = {};
2100     }
2101     if (class_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2102       aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (classes) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(class_space_rs.base()));
2103       MemoryReserver::release(class_space_rs);
2104       class_space_rs = {};
2105     }
2106   }
2107 }
2108 
2109 static int archive_regions[]     = { AOTMetaspace::rw, AOTMetaspace::ro };
2110 static int archive_regions_count = 2;
2111 
2112 MapArchiveResult AOTMetaspace::map_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo, char* mapped_base_address, ReservedSpace rs) {
2113   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be runtime");
2114   if (mapinfo == nullptr) {
2115     return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; // The dynamic archive has not been specified. No error has happened -- trivially succeeded.
2116   }
2117 
2118   if (!mapinfo->validate_aot_class_linking()) {
2119     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2120   }
2121 
2122   mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false);
2123   if (mapinfo->core_region_alignment() != (size_t)core_region_alignment()) {
2124     report_loading_error("Unable to map CDS archive -- core_region_alignment() expected: %zu"
2125                          " actual: %zu", mapinfo->core_region_alignment(), core_region_alignment());
2126     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2127   }
2128 
2129   MapArchiveResult result =
2130     mapinfo->map_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count, mapped_base_address, rs);
2131 
2132   if (result != MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
2133     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2134     return result;
2135   }
2136 
2137   if (!mapinfo->validate_class_location()) {
2138     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2139     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2140   }
2141 
2142   if (mapinfo->is_static()) {
2143     // Currently, only static archive uses early serialized data.
2144     char* buffer = mapinfo->early_serialized_data();
2145     intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer;
2146     ReadClosure rc(&array, (intptr_t)mapped_base_address);
2147     early_serialize(&rc);
2148   }
2149 
2150   if (!mapinfo->validate_aot_class_linking()) {
2151     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2152     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2153   }
2154 
2155   mapinfo->set_is_mapped(true);
2156   return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
2157 }
2158 
2159 void AOTMetaspace::unmap_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo) {
2160   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be runtime");
2161   if (mapinfo != nullptr) {
2162     mapinfo->unmap_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count);
2163     mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
2164     mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false);
2165   }
2166 }
2167 
2168 // For -XX:PrintSharedArchiveAndExit
2169 class CountSharedSymbols : public SymbolClosure {
2170  private:
2171    size_t _count;
2172  public:
2173    CountSharedSymbols() : _count(0) {}
2174   void do_symbol(Symbol** sym) {
2175     _count++;
2176   }
2177   size_t total() { return _count; }
2178 
2179 };
2180 
2181 // Read the miscellaneous data from the shared file, and
2182 // serialize it out to its various destinations.
2183 
2184 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() {
2185   FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
2186   FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
2187 
2188   // Verify various attributes of the archive, plus initialize the
2189   // shared string/symbol tables.
2190   char* buffer = static_mapinfo->serialized_data();
2191   intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer;
2192   ReadClosure rc(&array, (intptr_t)SharedBaseAddress);
2193   serialize(&rc);
2194 
2195   // Finish initializing the heap dump mode used in the archive
2196   // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
2197   HeapShared::finalize_initialization(static_mapinfo);
2198   Universe::load_archived_object_instances();
2199 
2200   AOTCodeCache::initialize();
2201 
2202   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2203     intptr_t* buffer = (intptr_t*)dynamic_mapinfo->serialized_data();
2204     ReadClosure rc(&buffer, (intptr_t)SharedBaseAddress);
2205     DynamicArchive::serialize(&rc);
2206     DynamicArchive::setup_array_klasses();
2207   }
2208 
2209   LogStreamHandle(Info, aot) lsh;
2210   if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
2211     lsh.print("Using AOT-linked classes: %s (static archive: %s aot-linked classes",
2212               BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()),
2213               static_mapinfo->header()->has_aot_linked_classes() ? "has" : "no");
2214     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2215       lsh.print(", dynamic archive: %s aot-linked classes",
2216                 dynamic_mapinfo->header()->has_aot_linked_classes() ? "has" : "no");
2217     }
2218     lsh.print_cr(")");
2219   }
2220 
2221   // Set up LambdaFormInvokers::_lambdaform_lines for dynamic dump
2222   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
2223     // Read stored LF format lines stored in static archive
2224     LambdaFormInvokers::read_static_archive_invokers();
2225   }
2226 
2227   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
2228     // Print archive names
2229     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2230       tty->print_cr("\n\nBase archive name: %s", CDSConfig::input_static_archive_path());
2231       tty->print_cr("Base archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version());
2232     } else {
2233       tty->print_cr("Static archive name: %s", static_mapinfo->full_path());
2234       tty->print_cr("Static archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version());
2235     }
2236 
2237     SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty);
2238     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2239       tty->print_cr("\n\nDynamic archive name: %s", dynamic_mapinfo->full_path());
2240       tty->print_cr("Dynamic archive version %d", dynamic_mapinfo->version());
2241       SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty, false/*dynamic*/);
2242     }
2243 
2244     TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
2245 
2246     AOTCodeCache::print_on(tty);
2247 
2248     // collect shared symbols and strings
2249     CountSharedSymbols cl;
2250     SymbolTable::shared_symbols_do(&cl);
2251     tty->print_cr("Number of shared symbols: %zu", cl.total());
2252     if (HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode()) {
2253       tty->print_cr("Number of shared strings: %zu", StringTable::shared_entry_count());
2254     }
2255     tty->print_cr("VM version: %s\r\n", static_mapinfo->vm_version());
2256     if (FileMapInfo::current_info() == nullptr || _archive_loading_failed) {
2257       tty->print_cr("archive is invalid");
2258       vm_exit(1);
2259     } else {
2260       tty->print_cr("archive is valid");
2261       vm_exit(0);
2262     }
2263   }
2264 }
2265 
2266 // JVM/TI RedefineClasses() support:
2267 bool AOTMetaspace::remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite() {
2268   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2269 
2270   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
2271     // remap the shared readonly space to shared readwrite, private
2272     FileMapInfo* mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
2273     if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
2274       return false;
2275     }
2276     if (FileMapInfo::dynamic_info() != nullptr) {
2277       mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
2278       if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
2279         return false;
2280       }
2281     }
2282     _remapped_readwrite = true;
2283   }
2284   return true;
2285 }
2286 
2287 void AOTMetaspace::print_on(outputStream* st) {
2288   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
2289     st->print("CDS archive(s) mapped at: ");
2290     address base = (address)MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_base();
2291     address static_top = (address)_aot_metaspace_static_top;
2292     address top = (address)MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_top();
2293     st->print("[" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "), ", p2i(base), p2i(static_top), p2i(top));
2294     st->print("size %zu, ", top - base);
2295     st->print("SharedBaseAddress: " PTR_FORMAT ", ArchiveRelocationMode: %d.", SharedBaseAddress, ArchiveRelocationMode);
2296   } else {
2297     st->print("CDS archive(s) not mapped");
2298   }
2299   st->cr();
2300 }