1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  8  *
  9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 13  * accompanied this code).
 14  *
 15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
 26 #include "cds/archiveHeapWriter.hpp"
 27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
 28 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
 29 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp"
 30 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
 31 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
 32 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
 33 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
 34 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
 35 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
 36 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
 37 #include "oops/compressedOops.hpp"
 38 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
 39 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
 40 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
 41 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
 42 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.hpp"
 43 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
 44 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
 45 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 46 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
 47 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
 48 #include "gc/g1/g1HeapRegion.hpp"
 49 #endif
 50 
 51 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 52 
 53 GrowableArrayCHeap<u1, mtClassShared>* ArchiveHeapWriter::_buffer = nullptr;
 54 
 55 // The following are offsets from buffer_bottom()
 56 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::_buffer_used;
 57 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::_heap_roots_offset;
 58 
 59 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::_heap_roots_word_size;
 60 
 61 address ArchiveHeapWriter::_requested_bottom;
 62 address ArchiveHeapWriter::_requested_top;
 63 
 64 static size_t _num_strings = 0;
 65 static size_t _string_bytes = 0; 
 66 static size_t _num_packages = 0;
 67 
 68 GrowableArrayCHeap<ArchiveHeapWriter::NativePointerInfo, mtClassShared>* ArchiveHeapWriter::_native_pointers;
 69 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* ArchiveHeapWriter::_source_objs;
 70 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* ArchiveHeapWriter::_perm_objs = nullptr;
 71 GrowableArrayCHeap<ArchiveHeapWriter::HeapObjOrder, mtClassShared>* ArchiveHeapWriter::_source_objs_order;
 72 
 73 static GrowableArrayCHeap<size_t, mtClassShared> *_permobj_seg_buffered_addrs = nullptr;
 74 static GrowableArrayCHeap<size_t, mtClassShared> *_permobj_seg_bytesizes = nullptr;
 75 static GrowableArrayCHeap<int, mtClassShared> *_permobj_seg_lengths = nullptr;
 76 
 77 ArchiveHeapWriter::BufferOffsetToSourceObjectTable*
 78   ArchiveHeapWriter::_buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table = nullptr;
 79 
 80 
 81 typedef ResourceHashtable<
 82       size_t,    // offset of a filler from ArchiveHeapWriter::buffer_bottom()
 83       size_t,    // size of this filler (in bytes)
 84       127,       // prime number
 85       AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 86       mtClassShared> FillersTable;
 87 static FillersTable* _fillers;
 88 static int _num_native_ptrs = 0;
 89 
 90 void ArchiveHeapWriter::init() {
 91   if (HeapShared::can_write()) {
 92     Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
 93 
 94     _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table = new BufferOffsetToSourceObjectTable(/*size (prime)*/36137, /*max size*/1 * M);
 95     _fillers = new FillersTable();
 96     _requested_bottom = nullptr;
 97     _requested_top = nullptr;
 98 
 99     _native_pointers = new GrowableArrayCHeap<NativePointerInfo, mtClassShared>(2048);
100     _source_objs = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(10000);
101 
102     _permobj_seg_buffered_addrs = new GrowableArrayCHeap<size_t, mtClassShared>(5);
103     _permobj_seg_bytesizes = new GrowableArrayCHeap<size_t, mtClassShared>(5);
104     _permobj_seg_lengths = new GrowableArrayCHeap<int, mtClassShared>(5);
105 
106     guarantee(UseG1GC, "implementation limitation");
107     guarantee(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT <= /*G1*/HeapRegion::min_region_size_in_words() * HeapWordSize, "must be");
108   }
109 }
110 
111 void ArchiveHeapWriter::add_source_obj(oop src_obj) {
112   _source_objs->append(src_obj);
113 }
114 
115 void ArchiveHeapWriter::write(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots,
116                               ArchiveHeapInfo* heap_info) {
117   ResourceMark rm;
118   GrowableArray<size_t> permobj_seg_offsets;
119   assert(HeapShared::can_write(), "sanity");
120   allocate_buffer();
121   int num_permobj = copy_source_objs_to_buffer(roots, &permobj_seg_offsets);
122   set_requested_address(heap_info);
123   relocate_embedded_oops(roots, heap_info, &permobj_seg_offsets, num_permobj);
124   if (UseCompressedOops) {
125     add_permobj_segments_to_roots<narrowOop>(roots, heap_info, &permobj_seg_offsets);
126   } else {
127     add_permobj_segments_to_roots<oop>(roots, heap_info, &permobj_seg_offsets);
128   }
129 }
130 
131 bool ArchiveHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(oop o) {
132   return is_too_large_to_archive(o->size());
133 }
134 
135 bool ArchiveHeapWriter::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
136   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
137   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
138 }
139 
140 bool ArchiveHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
141   assert(size > 0, "no zero-size object");
142   assert(size * HeapWordSize > size, "no overflow");
143   static_assert(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT > 0, "must be positive");
144 
145   size_t byte_size = size * HeapWordSize;
146   if (byte_size > size_t(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT)) {
147     return true;
148   } else {
149     return false;
150   }
151 }
152 
153 // Various lookup functions between source_obj, buffered_obj and requested_obj
154 bool ArchiveHeapWriter::is_in_requested_range(oop o) {
155   assert(_requested_bottom != nullptr, "do not call before _requested_bottom is initialized");
156   address a = cast_from_oop<address>(o);
157   return (_requested_bottom <= a && a < _requested_top);
158 }
159 
160 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(size_t offset) {
161   oop req_obj = cast_to_oop(_requested_bottom + offset);
162   assert(is_in_requested_range(req_obj), "must be");
163   return req_obj;
164 }
165 
166 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::source_obj_to_requested_obj(oop src_obj) {
167   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
168   HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* p = HeapShared::archived_object_cache()->get(src_obj);
169   if (p != nullptr) {
170     return requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(p->buffer_offset());
171   } else {
172     return nullptr;
173   }
174 }
175 
176 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::buffered_addr_to_source_obj(address buffered_addr) {
177   oop* p = _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table->get(buffered_address_to_offset(buffered_addr));
178   if (p != nullptr) {
179     return *p;
180   } else {
181     return nullptr;
182   }
183 }
184 
185 address ArchiveHeapWriter::buffered_addr_to_requested_addr(address buffered_addr) {
186   return _requested_bottom + buffered_address_to_offset(buffered_addr);
187 }
188 
189 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::heap_roots_requested_address() {
190   return cast_to_oop(_requested_bottom + _heap_roots_offset);
191 }
192 
193 address ArchiveHeapWriter::requested_address() {
194   assert(_buffer != nullptr, "must be initialized");
195   return _requested_bottom;
196 }
197 
198 void ArchiveHeapWriter::allocate_buffer() {
199   int initial_buffer_size = 100000;
200   _buffer = new GrowableArrayCHeap<u1, mtClassShared>(initial_buffer_size);
201   _buffer_used = 0;
202   ensure_buffer_space(1); // so that buffer_bottom() works
203 }
204 
205 void ArchiveHeapWriter::ensure_buffer_space(size_t min_bytes) {
206   // We usually have very small heaps. If we get a huge one it's probably caused by a bug.
207   guarantee(min_bytes <= max_jint, "we dont support archiving more than 2G of objects");
208   _buffer->at_grow(to_array_index(min_bytes));
209 }
210 
211 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::create_objarray_in_buffer(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* input,
212                                                     int from,         // copy from this index in input
213                                                     int num_elms,     // copy this number of elements from input
214                                                     int extra_length, // add extra elements at the end of the copy
215                                                     size_t& objarray_word_size) {
216   Klass* k = Universe::objectArrayKlass(); // already relocated to point to archived klass
217   int length = num_elms + extra_length;
218   objarray_word_size = objArrayOopDesc::object_size(length);
219   size_t byte_size = objarray_word_size * HeapWordSize;
220   if (byte_size >= MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT) {
221     log_error(cds, heap)("input array is too large. Please reduce the number of classes");
222     vm_exit(1);
223   }
224 
225   maybe_fill_gc_region_gap(byte_size);
226 
227   size_t new_used = _buffer_used + byte_size;
228   ensure_buffer_space(new_used);
229 
230   HeapWord* mem = offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(_buffer_used);
231   memset(mem, 0, byte_size);
232   {
233     // This is copied from MemAllocator::finish
234     oopDesc::set_mark(mem, markWord::prototype());
235     oopDesc::release_set_klass(mem, k);
236   }
237   {
238     // This is copied from ObjArrayAllocator::initialize
239     arrayOopDesc::set_length(mem, length);
240   }
241 
242   objArrayOop arrayOop = objArrayOop(cast_to_oop(mem));
243   for (int i = 0; i < num_elms; i++) {
244     // Do not use arrayOop->obj_at_put(i, o) as arrayOop is outside of the real heap!
245     oop o = input->at(i + from);
246     if (UseCompressedOops) {
247       * arrayOop->obj_at_addr<narrowOop>(i) = CompressedOops::encode(o);
248     } else {
249       * arrayOop->obj_at_addr<oop>(i) = o;
250     }
251   }
252   log_info(cds, heap)("archived obj roots[%d] = " SIZE_FORMAT " bytes, klass = %p, obj = %p", length, byte_size, k, mem);
253 
254   size_t roots_bottom_offset = _buffer_used;
255   _buffer_used = new_used;
256 
257   return roots_bottom_offset;
258 }
259 
260 static int oop_sorting_rank(oop o) {
261   bool has_oop_ptr, has_native_ptr;
262   HeapShared::get_pointer_info(o, has_oop_ptr, has_native_ptr);
263 
264   if (!has_oop_ptr) {
265     if (!has_native_ptr) {
266       return 0;
267     } else {
268       return 1;
269     }
270   } else {
271     if (has_native_ptr) {
272       return 2;
273     } else {
274       return 3;
275     }
276   }
277 }
278 
279 // The goal is to sort the objects in increasing order of:
280 // - objects that have no pointers
281 // - objects that have only native pointers
282 // - objects that have both native and oop pointers
283 // - objects that have only oop pointers
284 int ArchiveHeapWriter::compare_objs_by_oop_fields(HeapObjOrder* a, HeapObjOrder* b) {
285   int rank_a = a->_rank;
286   int rank_b = b->_rank;
287 
288   if (rank_a != rank_b) {
289     return rank_a - rank_b;
290   } else {
291     // If they are the same rank, sort them by their position in the _source_objs array
292     return a->_index - b->_index;
293   }
294 }
295 
296 void ArchiveHeapWriter::sort_source_objs() {
297   log_info(cds)("sorting heap objects");
298   int len = _source_objs->length();
299   _source_objs_order = new GrowableArrayCHeap<HeapObjOrder, mtClassShared>(len);
300 
301   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
302     oop o = _source_objs->at(i);
303     int rank = oop_sorting_rank(o);
304     HeapObjOrder os = {i, rank};
305     _source_objs_order->append(os);
306   }
307   log_info(cds)("computed ranks");
308   _source_objs_order->sort(compare_objs_by_oop_fields);
309   log_info(cds)("sorting heap objects done");
310 }
311 
312 int ArchiveHeapWriter::copy_source_objs_to_buffer(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots, GrowableArray<size_t>* permobj_seg_offsets) {
313   sort_source_objs();
314   _perm_objs = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>();
315   for (int i = 0; i < _source_objs_order->length(); i++) {
316     int src_obj_index = _source_objs_order->at(i)._index;
317     oop src_obj = _source_objs->at(src_obj_index);
318     HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* info = HeapShared::archived_object_cache()->get(src_obj);
319     assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
320     size_t buffer_offset = copy_one_source_obj_to_buffer(src_obj);
321     info->set_buffer_offset(buffer_offset);
322 
323     _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table->put_when_absent(buffer_offset, src_obj);
324     _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table->maybe_grow();
325     if (UsePermanentHeapObjects) {
326       // TODO: add only the objects that are needed by AOT. (How??)
327       int perm_index = _perm_objs->length();
328       HeapShared::add_to_permanent_index_table(src_obj, perm_index);
329       _perm_objs->append(src_obj);
330     }
331   }
332 
333   // Create HeapShared::roots() in the output buffer. Reserve some extra slots at the end of it
334   // for the permobj_segments
335   int permobj_segments = (_perm_objs->length() + PERMOBJ_SEGMENT_MAX_LENGTH - 1) / PERMOBJ_SEGMENT_MAX_LENGTH;
336   _heap_roots_offset = create_objarray_in_buffer(roots, 0, roots->length(), permobj_segments, _heap_roots_word_size);
337 
338   // Create the permobj_segments in the output buffer.
339   for (int from = 0; from < _perm_objs->length(); from += PERMOBJ_SEGMENT_MAX_LENGTH) {
340     int num_elems = MIN2(PERMOBJ_SEGMENT_MAX_LENGTH, _perm_objs->length() - from);
341     size_t word_size;
342     size_t permobj_seg_bottom_offset = create_objarray_in_buffer(_perm_objs, from, num_elems, 0, word_size);
343     permobj_seg_offsets->append(permobj_seg_bottom_offset);
344     _permobj_seg_buffered_addrs->append(permobj_seg_bottom_offset);
345     _permobj_seg_bytesizes->append(word_size * HeapWordSize);
346     _permobj_seg_lengths->append(num_elems);
347   }
348 
349   log_info(cds)("Size of heap region = " SIZE_FORMAT " bytes, %d objects, %d roots, %d native ptrs, %d permobjs in %d segments",
350                 _buffer_used, _source_objs->length() + 2, roots->length(), _num_native_ptrs, _perm_objs->length(), permobj_segments);
351   log_info(cds)("   strings  = " SIZE_FORMAT_W(8) " (" SIZE_FORMAT " bytes)", _num_strings, _string_bytes);
352   log_info(cds)("   packages = " SIZE_FORMAT_W(8), _num_packages);
353 
354   assert(permobj_seg_offsets->length() == permobj_segments, "sanity");
355   HeapShared::set_permobj_segments(permobj_segments);
356   int n = _perm_objs->length();
357   return n;
358 }
359 
360 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::get_perm_object_by_index(int permanent_index) {
361   if (_perm_objs != nullptr && 0 <= permanent_index && permanent_index < _perm_objs->length()) {
362     return _perm_objs->at(permanent_index);
363   } else {
364     return nullptr;
365   }
366 }
367 
368 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::filler_array_byte_size(int length) {
369   size_t byte_size = objArrayOopDesc::object_size(length) * HeapWordSize;
370   return byte_size;
371 }
372 
373 int ArchiveHeapWriter::filler_array_length(size_t fill_bytes) {
374   assert(is_object_aligned(fill_bytes), "must be");
375   size_t elemSize = (UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop));
376 
377   int initial_length = to_array_length(fill_bytes / elemSize);
378   for (int length = initial_length; length >= 0; length --) {
379     size_t array_byte_size = filler_array_byte_size(length);
380     if (array_byte_size == fill_bytes) {
381       return length;
382     }
383   }
384 
385   ShouldNotReachHere();
386   return -1;
387 }
388 
389 HeapWord* ArchiveHeapWriter::init_filler_array_at_buffer_top(int array_length, size_t fill_bytes) {
390   assert(UseCompressedClassPointers, "Archived heap only supported for compressed klasses");
391   Klass* oak = Universe::objectArrayKlass(); // already relocated to point to archived klass
392   HeapWord* mem = offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(_buffer_used);
393   memset(mem, 0, fill_bytes);
394   oopDesc::set_mark(mem, markWord::prototype());
395   narrowKlass nk = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_requested_narrow_klass(oak);
396   cast_to_oop(mem)->set_narrow_klass(nk);
397   arrayOopDesc::set_length(mem, array_length);
398   return mem;
399 }
400 
401 void ArchiveHeapWriter::maybe_fill_gc_region_gap(size_t required_byte_size) {
402   // We fill only with arrays (so we don't need to use a single HeapWord filler if the
403   // leftover space is smaller than a zero-sized array object). Therefore, we need to
404   // make sure there's enough space of min_filler_byte_size in the current region after
405   // required_byte_size has been allocated. If not, fill the remainder of the current
406   // region.
407   size_t min_filler_byte_size = filler_array_byte_size(0);
408   size_t new_used = _buffer_used + required_byte_size + min_filler_byte_size;
409 
410   const size_t cur_min_region_bottom = align_down(_buffer_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
411   const size_t next_min_region_bottom = align_down(new_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
412 
413   if (cur_min_region_bottom != next_min_region_bottom) {
414     // Make sure that no objects span across MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT. This way
415     // we can map the region in any region-based collector.
416     assert(next_min_region_bottom > cur_min_region_bottom, "must be");
417     assert(next_min_region_bottom - cur_min_region_bottom == MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT,
418            "no buffered object can be larger than %d bytes",  MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
419 
420     const size_t filler_end = next_min_region_bottom;
421     const size_t fill_bytes = filler_end - _buffer_used;
422     assert(fill_bytes > 0, "must be");
423     ensure_buffer_space(filler_end);
424 
425     int array_length = filler_array_length(fill_bytes);
426     log_info(cds, heap)("Inserting filler obj array of %d elements (" SIZE_FORMAT " bytes total) @ buffer offset " SIZE_FORMAT,
427                         array_length, fill_bytes, _buffer_used);
428     HeapWord* filler = init_filler_array_at_buffer_top(array_length, fill_bytes);
429     _buffer_used = filler_end;
430     _fillers->put(buffered_address_to_offset((address)filler), fill_bytes);
431   }
432 }
433 
434 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::get_filler_size_at(address buffered_addr) {
435   size_t* p = _fillers->get(buffered_address_to_offset(buffered_addr));
436   if (p != nullptr) {
437     assert(*p > 0, "filler must be larger than zero bytes");
438     return *p;
439   } else {
440     return 0; // buffered_addr is not a filler
441   }
442 }
443 
444 template <typename T>
445 void update_buffered_object_field(address buffered_obj, int field_offset, T value) {
446   T* field_addr = cast_to_oop(buffered_obj)->field_addr<T>(field_offset);
447   *field_addr = value;
448 }
449 
450 void ArchiveHeapWriter::update_stats(oop src_obj) {
451   if (java_lang_String::is_instance(src_obj)) {
452     _num_strings ++;
453     _string_bytes += src_obj->size() * HeapWordSize;
454     _string_bytes += java_lang_String::value(src_obj)->size() * HeapWordSize;
455   } else {
456     Klass* k = src_obj->klass();
457     Symbol* name = k->name();
458     if (name->equals("java/lang/NamedPackage") || name->equals("java/lang/Package")) {
459       _num_packages ++;
460     }
461   }
462 }
463 
464 size_t ArchiveHeapWriter::copy_one_source_obj_to_buffer(oop src_obj) {
465   update_stats(src_obj);
466 
467   assert(!is_too_large_to_archive(src_obj), "already checked");
468   size_t byte_size = src_obj->size() * HeapWordSize;
469   assert(byte_size > 0, "no zero-size objects");
470 
471   // For region-based collectors such as G1, the archive heap may be mapped into
472   // multiple regions. We need to make sure that we don't have an object that can possible
473   // span across two regions.
474   maybe_fill_gc_region_gap(byte_size);
475 
476   size_t new_used = _buffer_used + byte_size;
477   assert(new_used > _buffer_used, "no wrap around");
478 
479   size_t cur_min_region_bottom = align_down(_buffer_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
480   size_t next_min_region_bottom = align_down(new_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
481   assert(cur_min_region_bottom == next_min_region_bottom, "no object should cross minimal GC region boundaries");
482 
483   ensure_buffer_space(new_used);
484 
485   address from = cast_from_oop<address>(src_obj);
486   address to = offset_to_buffered_address<address>(_buffer_used);
487   assert(is_object_aligned(_buffer_used), "sanity");
488   assert(is_object_aligned(byte_size), "sanity");
489   memcpy(to, from, byte_size);
490 
491   // These native pointers will be restored explicitly at run time.
492   if (java_lang_Module::is_instance(src_obj)) {
493     update_buffered_object_field<ModuleEntry*>(to, java_lang_Module::module_entry_offset(), nullptr);
494   } else if (java_lang_ClassLoader::is_instance(src_obj)) {
495 #ifdef ASSERT
496     // We only archive these loaders
497     if (src_obj != SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() &&
498         src_obj != SystemDictionary::java_system_loader()) {
499       assert(src_obj->klass()->name()->equals("jdk/internal/loader/ClassLoaders$BootClassLoader"), "must be");
500     }
501 #endif
502     update_buffered_object_field<ClassLoaderData*>(to, java_lang_ClassLoader::loader_data_offset(), nullptr);
503   }
504 
505   size_t buffered_obj_offset = _buffer_used;
506   _buffer_used = new_used;
507 
508   return buffered_obj_offset;
509 }
510 
511 void ArchiveHeapWriter::set_requested_address(ArchiveHeapInfo* info) {
512   assert(!info->is_used(), "only set once");
513   assert(UseG1GC, "must be");
514   address heap_end = (address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end();
515   log_info(cds, heap)("Heap end = %p", heap_end);
516 
517   size_t heap_region_byte_size = _buffer_used;
518   assert(heap_region_byte_size > 0, "must archived at least one object!");
519 
520 
521   if (UseCompressedOops) {
522     _requested_bottom = align_down(heap_end - heap_region_byte_size, HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
523   } else {
524     // We always write the objects as if the heap started at this address. This
525     // makes the contents of the archive heap deterministic.
526     //
527     // Note that at runtime, the heap address is selected by the OS, so the archive
528     // heap will not be mapped at 0x10000000, and the contents need to be patched.
529     _requested_bottom = (address)NOCOOPS_REQUESTED_BASE;
530   }
531 
532   assert(is_aligned(_requested_bottom, HeapRegion::GrainBytes), "sanity");
533 
534   _requested_top = _requested_bottom + _buffer_used;
535 
536   info->set_buffer_region(MemRegion(offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(0),
537                                     offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(_buffer_used)));
538   info->set_heap_roots_offset(_heap_roots_offset);
539 }
540 
541 // Oop relocation
542 
543 template <typename T> T* ArchiveHeapWriter::requested_addr_to_buffered_addr(T* p) {
544   assert(is_in_requested_range(cast_to_oop(p)), "must be");
545 
546   address addr = address(p);
547   assert(addr >= _requested_bottom, "must be");
548   size_t offset = addr - _requested_bottom;
549   return offset_to_buffered_address<T*>(offset);
550 }
551 
552 template <typename T> oop ArchiveHeapWriter::load_source_oop_from_buffer(T* buffered_addr) {
553   oop o = load_oop_from_buffer(buffered_addr);
554   assert(!in_buffer(cast_from_oop<address>(o)), "must point to source oop");
555   return o;
556 }
557 
558 template <typename T> void ArchiveHeapWriter::store_requested_oop_in_buffer(T* buffered_addr,
559                                                                             oop request_oop) {
560   assert(is_in_requested_range(request_oop), "must be");
561   store_oop_in_buffer(buffered_addr, request_oop);
562 }
563 
564 inline void ArchiveHeapWriter::store_oop_in_buffer(oop* buffered_addr, oop requested_obj) {
565   *buffered_addr = requested_obj;
566 }
567 
568 inline void ArchiveHeapWriter::store_oop_in_buffer(narrowOop* buffered_addr, oop requested_obj) {
569   narrowOop val = CompressedOops::encode_not_null(requested_obj);
570   *buffered_addr = val;
571 }
572 
573 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::load_oop_from_buffer(oop* buffered_addr) {
574   return *buffered_addr;
575 }
576 
577 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::load_oop_from_buffer(narrowOop* buffered_addr) {
578   return CompressedOops::decode(*buffered_addr);
579 }
580 
581 template <typename T> void ArchiveHeapWriter::relocate_field_in_buffer(T* field_addr_in_buffer, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) {
582   oop source_referent = load_source_oop_from_buffer<T>(field_addr_in_buffer);
583   if (source_referent != nullptr) {
584     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(source_referent)) {
585       source_referent = HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(source_referent);
586       assert(source_referent != nullptr, "must be");
587     }
588     oop request_referent = source_obj_to_requested_obj(source_referent);
589     store_requested_oop_in_buffer<T>(field_addr_in_buffer, request_referent);
590     mark_oop_pointer<T>(field_addr_in_buffer, oopmap);
591   }
592 }
593 
594 template <typename T> void ArchiveHeapWriter::mark_oop_pointer(T* buffered_addr, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) {
595   T* request_p = (T*)(buffered_addr_to_requested_addr((address)buffered_addr));
596   address requested_region_bottom;
597 
598   assert(request_p >= (T*)_requested_bottom, "sanity");
599   assert(request_p <  (T*)_requested_top, "sanity");
600   requested_region_bottom = _requested_bottom;
601 
602   // Mark the pointer in the oopmap
603   T* region_bottom = (T*)requested_region_bottom;
604   assert(request_p >= region_bottom, "must be");
605   BitMap::idx_t idx = request_p - region_bottom;
606   assert(idx < oopmap->size(), "overflow");
607   oopmap->set_bit(idx);
608 }
609 
610 void ArchiveHeapWriter::update_header_for_requested_obj(oop requested_obj, oop src_obj,  Klass* src_klass) {
611   assert(UseCompressedClassPointers, "Archived heap only supported for compressed klasses");
612   narrowKlass nk = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_requested_narrow_klass(src_klass);
613   address buffered_addr = requested_addr_to_buffered_addr(cast_from_oop<address>(requested_obj));
614 
615   oop fake_oop = cast_to_oop(buffered_addr);
616   fake_oop->set_narrow_klass(nk);
617 
618   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
619   // in the shared heap.
620   if (src_obj != nullptr && !src_obj->fast_no_hash_check()) {
621     intptr_t src_hash = src_obj->identity_hash();
622     fake_oop->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
623     assert(fake_oop->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
624 
625     DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = fake_oop->identity_hash());
626     assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
627   }
628 }
629 
630 // Relocate an element in the buffered copy of HeapShared::roots()
631 template <typename T> void ArchiveHeapWriter::relocate_root_at(oop requested_roots, address buffered_roots_addr, int index, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) {
632   size_t offset = (size_t)((objArrayOop)requested_roots)->obj_at_offset<T>(index);
633   relocate_field_in_buffer<T>((T*)(buffered_roots_addr + offset), oopmap);
634 }
635 
636 class ArchiveHeapWriter::EmbeddedOopRelocator: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
637   oop _src_obj;
638   address _buffered_obj;
639   CHeapBitMap* _oopmap;
640 
641 public:
642   EmbeddedOopRelocator(oop src_obj, address buffered_obj, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) :
643     _src_obj(src_obj), _buffered_obj(buffered_obj), _oopmap(oopmap) {}
644 
645   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { EmbeddedOopRelocator::do_oop_work(p); }
646   void do_oop(      oop *p) { EmbeddedOopRelocator::do_oop_work(p); }
647 
648 private:
649   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
650     size_t field_offset = pointer_delta(p, _src_obj, sizeof(char));
651     ArchiveHeapWriter::relocate_field_in_buffer<T>((T*)(_buffered_obj + field_offset), _oopmap);
652   }
653 };
654 
655 static void log_bitmap_usage(const char* which, BitMap* bitmap, size_t total_bits) {
656   // The whole heap is covered by total_bits, but there are only non-zero bits within [start ... end).
657   size_t start = bitmap->find_first_set_bit(0);
658   size_t end = bitmap->size();
659   log_info(cds)("%s = " SIZE_FORMAT_W(7) " ... " SIZE_FORMAT_W(7) " (%3zu%% ... %3zu%% = %3zu%%)", which,
660                 start, end,
661                 start * 100 / total_bits,
662                 end * 100 / total_bits,
663                 (end - start) * 100 / total_bits);
664 }
665 
666 // Update all oop fields embedded in the buffered objects
667 void ArchiveHeapWriter::relocate_embedded_oops(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots,
668                                                ArchiveHeapInfo* heap_info,
669                                                GrowableArray<size_t>* permobj_seg_offsets,
670                                                int num_permobjs) {
671   size_t oopmap_unit = (UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop));
672   size_t heap_region_byte_size = _buffer_used;
673   heap_info->oopmap()->resize(heap_region_byte_size   / oopmap_unit);
674 
675   for (int i = 0; i < _source_objs_order->length(); i++) {
676     int src_obj_index = _source_objs_order->at(i)._index;
677     oop src_obj = _source_objs->at(src_obj_index);
678     HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* info = HeapShared::archived_object_cache()->get(src_obj);
679     assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
680     oop requested_obj = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(info->buffer_offset());
681     update_header_for_requested_obj(requested_obj, src_obj, src_obj->klass());
682     address buffered_obj = offset_to_buffered_address<address>(info->buffer_offset());
683     EmbeddedOopRelocator relocator(src_obj, buffered_obj, heap_info->oopmap());
684     src_obj->oop_iterate(&relocator);
685   };
686 
687   // Relocate HeapShared::roots(), which is created in create_objarray_in_buffer() and
688   // doesn't have a corresponding src_obj, so we can't use EmbeddedOopRelocator on it.
689   oop requested_roots = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(_heap_roots_offset);
690   update_header_for_requested_obj(requested_roots, nullptr, Universe::objectArrayKlass());
691   int length = roots != nullptr ? roots->length() : 0;
692   for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
693     if (UseCompressedOops) {
694       relocate_root_at<narrowOop>(requested_roots, buffered_heap_roots_addr(), i, heap_info->oopmap());
695     } else {
696       relocate_root_at<oop>(requested_roots, buffered_heap_roots_addr(), i, heap_info->oopmap());
697     }
698   }
699 
700   int num_permobjs_relocated = 0;
701   for (int i = 0; i < permobj_seg_offsets->length(); i++) {
702     int length = MIN2(PERMOBJ_SEGMENT_MAX_LENGTH, num_permobjs - num_permobjs_relocated);
703     // Relocate each of the segments. They were created in create_objarray_in_buffer() and
704     // don't have a corresponding src_obj, so we can't use EmbeddedOopRelocator.
705     size_t permobj_seg_bottom_offset = permobj_seg_offsets->at(i);
706     oop requested_permobj_seg = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(permobj_seg_bottom_offset);
707     update_header_for_requested_obj(requested_permobj_seg, nullptr, Universe::objectArrayKlass());
708     for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
709       address buffered_addr = offset_to_buffered_address<address>(permobj_seg_bottom_offset);
710       if (UseCompressedOops) {
711         relocate_root_at<narrowOop>(requested_permobj_seg, buffered_addr, i, heap_info->oopmap());
712       } else {
713         relocate_root_at<oop>(requested_permobj_seg, buffered_addr, i, heap_info->oopmap());
714       }
715     }
716     num_permobjs_relocated += length;
717   }
718 
719   compute_ptrmap(heap_info);
720 
721   size_t total_bytes = (size_t)_buffer->length();
722   log_bitmap_usage("oopmap", heap_info->oopmap(), total_bytes / (UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop)));
723   log_bitmap_usage("ptrmap", heap_info->ptrmap(), total_bytes / sizeof(address));
724 }
725 
726 // Put the permobj_segments in the extra space that we have reserved at the end of the HeapShared::roots() array.
727 template <typename T> void ArchiveHeapWriter::add_permobj_segments_to_roots(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots,
728                                                                             ArchiveHeapInfo* heap_info,
729                                                                             GrowableArray<size_t>* permobj_seg_offsets) {
730   for (int i = 0; i <  permobj_seg_offsets->length(); i++) {
731     size_t permobj_seg_bottom_offset = permobj_seg_offsets->at(i);
732     oop requested_roots = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(_heap_roots_offset);
733     oop requested_permobj_seg = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(permobj_seg_bottom_offset);
734     int permobj_index = roots->length() + i;
735 
736     size_t offset = (size_t)((objArrayOop)requested_roots)->obj_at_offset<T>(permobj_index);
737     T* addr = (T*)(buffered_heap_roots_addr() + offset);
738     store_requested_oop_in_buffer<T>(addr, requested_permobj_seg);
739     mark_oop_pointer<T>(addr, heap_info->oopmap());
740   }
741 }
742 
743 // If the buffered_addr is one of the permobj segments, returns the size information about this segment.
744 int ArchiveHeapWriter::get_permobj_segment_at(address buffered_addr, size_t* byte_size, int* permobj_segment_length) {
745   size_t offset = buffered_addr - buffer_bottom();
746   for (int i = 0; i < _permobj_seg_buffered_addrs->length(); i++) {
747     if (offset == _permobj_seg_buffered_addrs->at(i)) {
748       *byte_size = _permobj_seg_bytesizes->at(i);
749       *permobj_segment_length = _permobj_seg_lengths->at(i);
750       return i;
751     }
752   }
753   return -1;
754 }
755 
756 oop ArchiveHeapWriter::get_permobj_source_addr(int permobj_segment, int index) {
757   for (int i = 0; i < permobj_segment; i++) {
758     index += _permobj_seg_lengths->at(i);
759   }
760 
761   return _source_objs->at(index);
762 }
763 
764 void ArchiveHeapWriter::mark_native_pointer(oop src_obj, int field_offset) {
765   Metadata* ptr = src_obj->metadata_field_acquire(field_offset);
766   if (ptr != nullptr) {
767     NativePointerInfo info;
768     info._src_obj = src_obj;
769     info._field_offset = field_offset;
770     _native_pointers->append(info);
771     assert(ArchiveBuilder::current()->has_been_archived((address)ptr), "must be archived %p", ptr);
772     HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(src_obj);
773     _num_native_ptrs ++;
774   }
775 }
776 
777 // Do we have a jlong/jint field that's actually a pointer to a MetaspaceObj?
778 bool ArchiveHeapWriter::is_marked_as_native_pointer(ArchiveHeapInfo* heap_info, oop src_obj, int field_offset) {
779   HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* p = HeapShared::archived_object_cache()->get(src_obj);
780   assert(p != nullptr, "must be");
781 
782   // requested_field_addr = the address of this field in the requested space
783   oop requested_obj = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(p->buffer_offset());
784   Metadata** requested_field_addr = (Metadata**)(cast_from_oop<address>(requested_obj) + field_offset);
785   assert((Metadata**)_requested_bottom <= requested_field_addr && requested_field_addr < (Metadata**) _requested_top, "range check");
786 
787   BitMap::idx_t idx = requested_field_addr - (Metadata**) _requested_bottom;
788   // Leading zeros have been removed so some addresses may not be in the ptrmap
789   size_t start_pos = FileMapInfo::current_info()->heap_ptrmap_start_pos();
790   if (idx < start_pos) {
791     return false;
792   } else {
793     idx -= start_pos;
794   }
795   return (idx < heap_info->ptrmap()->size()) && (heap_info->ptrmap()->at(idx) == true);
796 }
797 
798 void ArchiveHeapWriter::compute_ptrmap(ArchiveHeapInfo* heap_info) {
799   int num_non_null_ptrs = 0;
800   Metadata** bottom = (Metadata**) _requested_bottom;
801   Metadata** top = (Metadata**) _requested_top; // exclusive
802   heap_info->ptrmap()->resize(top - bottom);
803 
804   BitMap::idx_t max_idx = 32; // paranoid - don't make it too small
805   for (int i = 0; i < _native_pointers->length(); i++) {
806     NativePointerInfo info = _native_pointers->at(i);
807     oop src_obj = info._src_obj;
808     int field_offset = info._field_offset;
809     HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* p = HeapShared::archived_object_cache()->get(src_obj);
810     // requested_field_addr = the address of this field in the requested space
811     oop requested_obj = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(p->buffer_offset());
812     Metadata** requested_field_addr = (Metadata**)(cast_from_oop<address>(requested_obj) + field_offset);
813     assert(bottom <= requested_field_addr && requested_field_addr < top, "range check");
814 
815     // Mark this field in the bitmap
816     BitMap::idx_t idx = requested_field_addr - bottom;
817     heap_info->ptrmap()->set_bit(idx);
818     num_non_null_ptrs ++;
819     max_idx = MAX2(max_idx, idx);
820 
821     // Set the native pointer to the requested address of the metadata (at runtime, the metadata will have
822     // this address if the RO/RW regions are mapped at the default location).
823 
824     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = requested_addr_to_buffered_addr(requested_field_addr);
825     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
826     assert(native_ptr != nullptr, "sanity");
827 
828     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated((address)native_ptr)) {
829       native_ptr = (Metadata*)RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object((address)native_ptr);
830     }
831 
832     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
833     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
834     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
835   }
836 
837   heap_info->ptrmap()->resize(max_idx + 1);
838   log_info(cds, heap)("calculate_ptrmap: marked %d non-null native pointers for heap region (" SIZE_FORMAT " bits)",
839                       num_non_null_ptrs, size_t(heap_info->ptrmap()->size()));
840 }
841 
842 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP