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src/hotspot/share/cds/archiveUtils.cpp

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 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
 26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
 27 #include "cds/archiveHeapLoader.inline.hpp"
 28 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
 29 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
 30 #include "cds/classListParser.hpp"
 31 #include "cds/classListWriter.hpp"
 32 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
 33 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
 34 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp"
 35 #include "cds/metaspaceShared.hpp"

 36 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
 37 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
 38 #include "interpreter/bootstrapInfo.hpp"
 39 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
 40 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
 41 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
 42 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
 43 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
 44 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 45 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
 46 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
 47 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 48 #include "utilities/spinYield.hpp"
 49 
 50 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_ptrmap = nullptr;
 51 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_rw_ptrmap = nullptr;
 52 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_ro_ptrmap = nullptr;

 53 VirtualSpace* ArchivePtrMarker::_vs;
 54 
 55 bool ArchivePtrMarker::_compacted;
 56 
 57 void ArchivePtrMarker::initialize(CHeapBitMap* ptrmap, VirtualSpace* vs) {
 58   assert(_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");
 59   assert(_rw_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");
 60   assert(_ro_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");

 61   _vs = vs;
 62   _compacted = false;
 63   _ptrmap = ptrmap;
 64 
 65   // Use this as initial guesstimate. We should need less space in the
 66   // archive, but if we're wrong the bitmap will be expanded automatically.
 67   size_t estimated_archive_size = MetaspaceGC::capacity_until_GC();
 68   // But set it smaller in debug builds so we always test the expansion code.
 69   // (Default archive is about 12MB).
 70   DEBUG_ONLY(estimated_archive_size = 6 * M);
 71 
 72   // We need one bit per pointer in the archive.
 73   _ptrmap->initialize(estimated_archive_size / sizeof(intptr_t));
 74 }
 75 
 76 void ArchivePtrMarker::initialize_rw_ro_maps(CHeapBitMap* rw_ptrmap, CHeapBitMap* ro_ptrmap) {
 77   address* rw_bottom = (address*)ArchiveBuilder::current()->rw_region()->base();
 78   address* ro_bottom = (address*)ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region()->base();

 79 
 80   _rw_ptrmap = rw_ptrmap;
 81   _ro_ptrmap = ro_ptrmap;

 82 
 83   size_t rw_size = ArchiveBuilder::current()->rw_region()->used() / sizeof(address);
 84   size_t ro_size = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region()->used() / sizeof(address);

 85   // ro_start is the first bit in _ptrmap that covers the pointer that would sit at ro_bottom.
 86   // E.g., if rw_bottom = (address*)100
 87   //          ro_bottom = (address*)116
 88   //       then for 64-bit platform:
 89   //          ro_start = ro_bottom - rw_bottom = (116 - 100) / sizeof(address) = 2;
 90   size_t ro_start = ro_bottom - rw_bottom;

 91 
 92   // Note: ptrmap is big enough only to cover the last pointer in ro_region.
 93   // See ArchivePtrMarker::compact()












 94   _rw_ptrmap->initialize(rw_size);
 95   _ro_ptrmap->initialize(_ptrmap->size() - ro_start);

 96 
 97   for (size_t rw_bit = 0; rw_bit < _rw_ptrmap->size(); rw_bit++) {
 98     _rw_ptrmap->at_put(rw_bit, _ptrmap->at(rw_bit));
 99   }
100 
101   for(size_t ro_bit = ro_start; ro_bit < _ptrmap->size(); ro_bit++) {
102     _ro_ptrmap->at_put(ro_bit-ro_start, _ptrmap->at(ro_bit));


103   }
104   assert(_ptrmap->size() - ro_start == _ro_ptrmap->size(), "must be");
105 }
106 
107 void ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(address* ptr_loc) {
108   assert(_ptrmap != nullptr, "not initialized");
109   assert(!_compacted, "cannot mark anymore");
110 
111   if (ptr_base() <= ptr_loc && ptr_loc < ptr_end()) {
112     address value = *ptr_loc;
113     // We don't want any pointer that points to very bottom of the archive, otherwise when
114     // MetaspaceShared::default_base_address()==0, we can't distinguish between a pointer
115     // to nothing (null) vs a pointer to an objects that happens to be at the very bottom
116     // of the archive.
117     assert(value != (address)ptr_base(), "don't point to the bottom of the archive");
118 
119     if (value != nullptr) {
120       assert(uintx(ptr_loc) % sizeof(intptr_t) == 0, "pointers must be stored in aligned addresses");
121       size_t idx = ptr_loc - ptr_base();
122       if (_ptrmap->size() <= idx) {
123         _ptrmap->resize((idx + 1) * 2);
124       }

248   alignment = MAX2(SharedSpaceObjectAlignment, alignment);
249   char* p = (char*)align_up(_top, alignment);
250   char* newtop = p + align_up(num_bytes, (size_t)SharedSpaceObjectAlignment);
251   expand_top_to(newtop);
252   memset(p, 0, newtop - p);
253   return p;
254 }
255 
256 void DumpRegion::append_intptr_t(intptr_t n, bool need_to_mark) {
257   assert(is_aligned(_top, sizeof(intptr_t)), "bad alignment");
258   intptr_t *p = (intptr_t*)_top;
259   char* newtop = _top + sizeof(intptr_t);
260   expand_top_to(newtop);
261   *p = n;
262   if (need_to_mark) {
263     ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(p);
264   }
265 }
266 
267 void DumpRegion::print(size_t total_bytes) const {

268   log_debug(cds)("%s space: " SIZE_FORMAT_W(9) " [ %4.1f%% of total] out of " SIZE_FORMAT_W(9) " bytes [%5.1f%% used] at " INTPTR_FORMAT,
269                  _name, used(), percent_of(used(), total_bytes), reserved(), percent_of(used(), reserved()),
270                  p2i(ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(_base)));
271 }
272 
273 void DumpRegion::print_out_of_space_msg(const char* failing_region, size_t needed_bytes) {
274   log_error(cds)("[%-8s] " PTR_FORMAT " - " PTR_FORMAT " capacity =%9d, allocated =%9d",
275                  _name, p2i(_base), p2i(_top), int(_end - _base), int(_top - _base));
276   if (strcmp(_name, failing_region) == 0) {
277     log_error(cds)(" required = %d", int(needed_bytes));
278   }
279 }
280 
281 void DumpRegion::init(ReservedSpace* rs, VirtualSpace* vs) {
282   _rs = rs;
283   _vs = vs;
284   // Start with 0 committed bytes. The memory will be committed as needed.
285   if (!_vs->initialize(*_rs, 0)) {
286     fatal("Unable to allocate memory for shared space");
287   }
288   _base = _top = _rs->base();
289   _end = _rs->end();
290 }
291 
292 void DumpRegion::pack(DumpRegion* next) {
293   assert(!is_packed(), "sanity");
294   _end = (char*)align_up(_top, MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment());
295   _is_packed = true;

296   if (next != nullptr) {
297     next->_rs = _rs;
298     next->_vs = _vs;
299     next->_base = next->_top = this->_end;
300     next->_end = _rs->end();
301   }
302 }
303 
304 void WriteClosure::do_ptr(void** p) {
305   // Write ptr into the archive; ptr can be:
306   //   (a) null                 -> written as 0
307   //   (b) a "buffered" address -> written as is
308   //   (c) a "source"   address -> convert to "buffered" and write
309   // The common case is (c). E.g., when writing the vmClasses into the archive.
310   // We have (b) only when we don't have a corresponding source object. E.g.,
311   // the archived c++ vtable entries.
312   address ptr = *(address*)p;
313   if (ptr != nullptr && !ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(ptr)) {
314     ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(ptr);
315   }

355     if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_supported_invokedynamic(bootstrap_specifier)) {
356       const constantPoolHandle& pool = bootstrap_specifier->pool();
357       if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(pool->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
358         // Currently lambda proxy classes are supported only for the built-in loaders.
359         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
360         int pool_index = bootstrap_specifier->bss_index();
361         ClassListWriter w;
362         w.stream()->print("%s %s", ClassListParser::lambda_proxy_tag(), pool->pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string());
363         CDSIndyInfo cii;
364         ClassListParser::populate_cds_indy_info(pool, pool_index, &cii, CHECK);
365         GrowableArray<const char*>* indy_items = cii.items();
366         for (int i = 0; i < indy_items->length(); i++) {
367           w.stream()->print(" %s", indy_items->at(i));
368         }
369         w.stream()->cr();
370       }
371     }
372   }
373 }
374 


















































375 bool ArchiveUtils::has_aot_initialized_mirror(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
376   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_excluded_class(src_ik)) {
377     assert(!ArchiveBuilder::current()->has_been_buffered(src_ik), "sanity");
378     return false;
379   }
380   return ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(src_ik)->has_aot_initialized_mirror();
381 }
382 
383 size_t HeapRootSegments::size_in_bytes(size_t seg_idx) {
384   assert(seg_idx < _count, "In range");
385   return objArrayOopDesc::object_size(size_in_elems(seg_idx)) * HeapWordSize;
386 }
387 
388 int HeapRootSegments::size_in_elems(size_t seg_idx) {
389   assert(seg_idx < _count, "In range");
390   if (seg_idx != _count - 1) {
391     return _max_size_in_elems;
392   } else {
393     // Last slice, leftover
394     return _roots_count % _max_size_in_elems;

 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
 26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
 27 #include "cds/archiveHeapLoader.inline.hpp"
 28 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
 29 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
 30 #include "cds/classListParser.hpp"
 31 #include "cds/classListWriter.hpp"
 32 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
 33 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
 34 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp"
 35 #include "cds/metaspaceShared.hpp"
 36 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
 37 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
 38 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
 39 #include "interpreter/bootstrapInfo.hpp"
 40 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
 41 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
 42 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
 43 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
 44 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
 45 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 46 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
 47 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
 48 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 49 #include "utilities/spinYield.hpp"
 50 
 51 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_ptrmap = nullptr;
 52 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_rw_ptrmap = nullptr;
 53 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_ro_ptrmap = nullptr;
 54 CHeapBitMap* ArchivePtrMarker::_cc_ptrmap = nullptr;
 55 VirtualSpace* ArchivePtrMarker::_vs;
 56 
 57 bool ArchivePtrMarker::_compacted;
 58 
 59 void ArchivePtrMarker::initialize(CHeapBitMap* ptrmap, VirtualSpace* vs) {
 60   assert(_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");
 61   assert(_rw_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");
 62   assert(_ro_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");
 63   assert(_cc_ptrmap == nullptr, "initialize only once");
 64   _vs = vs;
 65   _compacted = false;
 66   _ptrmap = ptrmap;
 67 
 68   // Use this as initial guesstimate. We should need less space in the
 69   // archive, but if we're wrong the bitmap will be expanded automatically.
 70   size_t estimated_archive_size = MetaspaceGC::capacity_until_GC();
 71   // But set it smaller in debug builds so we always test the expansion code.
 72   // (Default archive is about 12MB).
 73   DEBUG_ONLY(estimated_archive_size = 6 * M);
 74 
 75   // We need one bit per pointer in the archive.
 76   _ptrmap->initialize(estimated_archive_size / sizeof(intptr_t));
 77 }
 78 
 79 void ArchivePtrMarker::initialize_rw_ro_cc_maps(CHeapBitMap* rw_ptrmap, CHeapBitMap* ro_ptrmap, CHeapBitMap* cc_ptrmap) {
 80   address* rw_bottom = (address*)ArchiveBuilder::current()->rw_region()->base();
 81   address* ro_bottom = (address*)ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region()->base();
 82   address* cc_bottom = (address*)ArchiveBuilder::current()->cc_region()->base();
 83 
 84   _rw_ptrmap = rw_ptrmap;
 85   _ro_ptrmap = ro_ptrmap;
 86   _cc_ptrmap = cc_ptrmap;
 87 
 88   size_t rw_size = ArchiveBuilder::current()->rw_region()->used() / sizeof(address);
 89   size_t ro_size = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region()->used() / sizeof(address);
 90   size_t cc_size = ArchiveBuilder::current()->cc_region()->used() / sizeof(address);
 91   // ro_start is the first bit in _ptrmap that covers the pointer that would sit at ro_bottom.
 92   // E.g., if rw_bottom = (address*)100
 93   //          ro_bottom = (address*)116
 94   //       then for 64-bit platform:
 95   //          ro_start = ro_bottom - rw_bottom = (116 - 100) / sizeof(address) = 2;
 96   size_t ro_start = ro_bottom - rw_bottom;
 97   size_t cc_start = cc_bottom - rw_bottom;
 98 
 99   // Note: ptrmap is big enough only to cover the last pointer in cc_region or ro_region.
100   // See ArchivePtrMarker::compact()
101   if (ro_start + ro_size >_ptrmap->size()) {
102     ro_size = _ptrmap->size() - ro_start; // ro is smaller than we thought
103     cc_size = 0;                          // cc is empty
104   } else if (cc_size != 0 && cc_start + cc_size > _ptrmap->size()) {
105     cc_size = _ptrmap->size() - cc_start; // ro is smaller than we thought
106   }
107 
108   assert(rw_size < _ptrmap->size(), "sanity");
109   assert(ro_size < _ptrmap->size(), "sanity");
110   assert(cc_size < _ptrmap->size(), "sanity");
111   assert(rw_size + ro_size + cc_size <= _ptrmap->size(), "sanity");
112 
113   _rw_ptrmap->initialize(rw_size);
114   _ro_ptrmap->initialize(ro_size);
115   _cc_ptrmap->initialize(cc_size);
116 
117   for (size_t i = 0; i < rw_size; i++) {
118     _rw_ptrmap->at_put(i, _ptrmap->at(i));
119   }
120   for (size_t i = 0; i < ro_size; i++) {
121     _ro_ptrmap->at_put(i, _ptrmap->at(ro_start + i));
122   }
123   for (size_t i = 0; i < cc_size; i++) {
124     _cc_ptrmap->at_put(i, _ptrmap->at(cc_start + i));
125   }

126 }
127 
128 void ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(address* ptr_loc) {
129   assert(_ptrmap != nullptr, "not initialized");
130   assert(!_compacted, "cannot mark anymore");
131 
132   if (ptr_base() <= ptr_loc && ptr_loc < ptr_end()) {
133     address value = *ptr_loc;
134     // We don't want any pointer that points to very bottom of the archive, otherwise when
135     // MetaspaceShared::default_base_address()==0, we can't distinguish between a pointer
136     // to nothing (null) vs a pointer to an objects that happens to be at the very bottom
137     // of the archive.
138     assert(value != (address)ptr_base(), "don't point to the bottom of the archive");
139 
140     if (value != nullptr) {
141       assert(uintx(ptr_loc) % sizeof(intptr_t) == 0, "pointers must be stored in aligned addresses");
142       size_t idx = ptr_loc - ptr_base();
143       if (_ptrmap->size() <= idx) {
144         _ptrmap->resize((idx + 1) * 2);
145       }

269   alignment = MAX2(SharedSpaceObjectAlignment, alignment);
270   char* p = (char*)align_up(_top, alignment);
271   char* newtop = p + align_up(num_bytes, (size_t)SharedSpaceObjectAlignment);
272   expand_top_to(newtop);
273   memset(p, 0, newtop - p);
274   return p;
275 }
276 
277 void DumpRegion::append_intptr_t(intptr_t n, bool need_to_mark) {
278   assert(is_aligned(_top, sizeof(intptr_t)), "bad alignment");
279   intptr_t *p = (intptr_t*)_top;
280   char* newtop = _top + sizeof(intptr_t);
281   expand_top_to(newtop);
282   *p = n;
283   if (need_to_mark) {
284     ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(p);
285   }
286 }
287 
288 void DumpRegion::print(size_t total_bytes) const {
289   char* base = used() > 0 ? ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(_base) : nullptr;
290   log_debug(cds)("%s space: " SIZE_FORMAT_W(9) " [ %4.1f%% of total] out of " SIZE_FORMAT_W(9) " bytes [%5.1f%% used] at " INTPTR_FORMAT,
291                  _name, used(), percent_of(used(), total_bytes), reserved(), percent_of(used(), reserved()),
292                  p2i(base));
293 }
294 
295 void DumpRegion::print_out_of_space_msg(const char* failing_region, size_t needed_bytes) {
296   log_error(cds)("[%-8s] " PTR_FORMAT " - " PTR_FORMAT " capacity =%9d, allocated =%9d",
297                  _name, p2i(_base), p2i(_top), int(_end - _base), int(_top - _base));
298   if (strcmp(_name, failing_region) == 0) {
299     log_error(cds)(" required = %d", int(needed_bytes));
300   }
301 }
302 
303 void DumpRegion::init(ReservedSpace* rs, VirtualSpace* vs) {
304   _rs = rs;
305   _vs = vs;
306   // Start with 0 committed bytes. The memory will be committed as needed.
307   if (!_vs->initialize(*_rs, 0)) {
308     fatal("Unable to allocate memory for shared space");
309   }
310   _base = _top = _rs->base();
311   _end = _rs->end();
312 }
313 
314 void DumpRegion::pack(DumpRegion* next) {
315   if (!is_packed()) {
316     _end = (char*)align_up(_top, MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment());
317     _is_packed = true;
318   }
319   if (next != nullptr) {
320     next->_rs = _rs;
321     next->_vs = _vs;
322     next->_base = next->_top = this->_end;
323     next->_end = _rs->end();
324   }
325 }
326 
327 void WriteClosure::do_ptr(void** p) {
328   // Write ptr into the archive; ptr can be:
329   //   (a) null                 -> written as 0
330   //   (b) a "buffered" address -> written as is
331   //   (c) a "source"   address -> convert to "buffered" and write
332   // The common case is (c). E.g., when writing the vmClasses into the archive.
333   // We have (b) only when we don't have a corresponding source object. E.g.,
334   // the archived c++ vtable entries.
335   address ptr = *(address*)p;
336   if (ptr != nullptr && !ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(ptr)) {
337     ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(ptr);
338   }

378     if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_supported_invokedynamic(bootstrap_specifier)) {
379       const constantPoolHandle& pool = bootstrap_specifier->pool();
380       if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(pool->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
381         // Currently lambda proxy classes are supported only for the built-in loaders.
382         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
383         int pool_index = bootstrap_specifier->bss_index();
384         ClassListWriter w;
385         w.stream()->print("%s %s", ClassListParser::lambda_proxy_tag(), pool->pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string());
386         CDSIndyInfo cii;
387         ClassListParser::populate_cds_indy_info(pool, pool_index, &cii, CHECK);
388         GrowableArray<const char*>* indy_items = cii.items();
389         for (int i = 0; i < indy_items->length(); i++) {
390           w.stream()->print(" %s", indy_items->at(i));
391         }
392         w.stream()->cr();
393       }
394     }
395   }
396 }
397 
398 
399 // "boot", "platform", "app" or nullptr
400 const char* ArchiveUtils::builtin_loader_name_or_null(oop loader) {
401   if (loader == nullptr) {
402     return "boot";
403   } else if (loader == SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader()) {
404     return "platform";
405   } else if (loader == SystemDictionary::java_system_loader()) {
406     return "app";
407   } else {
408     return nullptr;
409   }
410 }
411 
412 // "boot", "platform", "app". Asserts if not a built-in-loader
413 const char* ArchiveUtils::builtin_loader_name(oop loader) {
414   const char* name = builtin_loader_name_or_null(loader);
415   assert(name != nullptr, "must be a built-in loader");
416   return name;
417 }
418 
419 bool ArchiveUtils::builtin_loader_from_type(const char* loader_type, oop* value_ret) {
420   if (strcmp(loader_type, "boot") == 0) {
421     *value_ret = nullptr;
422     return true;
423   } else if (strcmp(loader_type, "platform") == 0) {
424     *value_ret = SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader();
425     return true;
426   } else if (strcmp(loader_type, "app") == 0) {
427     *value_ret = SystemDictionary::java_system_loader();
428     return true;
429   } else {
430     DEBUG_ONLY(*value_ret = cast_to_oop((void*)badOopVal));
431     return false;
432   }
433 }
434 
435 oop ArchiveUtils::builtin_loader_from_type(int loader_type) {
436   if (loader_type == ClassLoader::BOOT_LOADER) {
437     return nullptr;
438   } else if (loader_type == ClassLoader::PLATFORM_LOADER)  {
439     return SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader();
440   } else if (loader_type == ClassLoader::APP_LOADER) {
441     return SystemDictionary::java_system_loader();
442   } else {
443     ShouldNotReachHere();
444     return nullptr;
445   }
446 }
447 
448 bool ArchiveUtils::has_aot_initialized_mirror(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
449   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_excluded_class(src_ik)) {
450     assert(!ArchiveBuilder::current()->has_been_buffered(src_ik), "sanity");
451     return false;
452   }
453   return ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(src_ik)->has_aot_initialized_mirror();
454 }
455 
456 size_t HeapRootSegments::size_in_bytes(size_t seg_idx) {
457   assert(seg_idx < _count, "In range");
458   return objArrayOopDesc::object_size(size_in_elems(seg_idx)) * HeapWordSize;
459 }
460 
461 int HeapRootSegments::size_in_elems(size_t seg_idx) {
462   assert(seg_idx < _count, "In range");
463   if (seg_idx != _count - 1) {
464     return _max_size_in_elems;
465   } else {
466     // Last slice, leftover
467     return _roots_count % _max_size_in_elems;
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