1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotOopChecker.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapLoader.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapWriter.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/cdsEnumKlass.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/cdsHeapVerifier.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
  44 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  45 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  47 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  48 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  49 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  56 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  57 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  58 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  60 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  77 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
  78 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
  79 #endif
  80 
  81 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  82 
  83 struct ArchivableStaticFieldInfo {
  84   const char* klass_name;
  85   const char* field_name;
  86   InstanceKlass* klass;
  87   int offset;
  88   BasicType type;
  89 
  90   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo(const char* k, const char* f)
  91   : klass_name(k), field_name(f), klass(nullptr), offset(0), type(T_ILLEGAL) {}
  92 
  93   bool valid() {
  94     return klass_name != nullptr;
  95   }
  96 };
  97 
  98 // Anything that goes in the header must be thoroughly purged from uninitialized memory
  99 // as it will be written to disk. Therefore, the constructors memset the memory to 0.
 100 // This is not the prettiest thing, but we need to know every byte is initialized,
 101 // including potential padding between fields.
 102 
 103 ArchiveMappedHeapHeader::ArchiveMappedHeapHeader(size_t ptrmap_start_pos,
 104                                                  size_t oopmap_start_pos,
 105                                                  HeapRootSegments root_segments) {
 106   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 107   _ptrmap_start_pos = ptrmap_start_pos;
 108   _oopmap_start_pos = oopmap_start_pos;
 109   _root_segments = root_segments;
 110 }
 111 
 112 ArchiveMappedHeapHeader::ArchiveMappedHeapHeader() {
 113   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 114 }
 115 
 116 ArchiveMappedHeapHeader ArchiveMappedHeapInfo::create_header() {
 117   return ArchiveMappedHeapHeader{_ptrmap_start_pos,
 118                                  _oopmap_start_pos,
 119                                  _root_segments};
 120 }
 121 
 122 ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader::ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader(size_t forwarding_offset,
 123                                                      size_t roots_offset,
 124                                                      size_t num_roots,
 125                                                      size_t root_highest_object_index_table_offset,
 126                                                      size_t num_archived_objects) {
 127   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 128   _forwarding_offset = forwarding_offset;
 129   _roots_offset = roots_offset;
 130   _num_roots = num_roots;
 131   _root_highest_object_index_table_offset = root_highest_object_index_table_offset;
 132   _num_archived_objects = num_archived_objects;
 133 }
 134 
 135 ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader::ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader() {
 136   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 137 }
 138 
 139 ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo::create_header() {
 140   return ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader{_forwarding_offset,
 141                                    _roots_offset,
 142                                    _num_roots,
 143                                    _root_highest_object_index_table_offset,
 144                                    _num_archived_objects};
 145 }
 146 
 147 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_load_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 148 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_write_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 149 
 150 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_count[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 151 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_size[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 152 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_count;
 153 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_size;
 154 
 155 #ifndef PRODUCT
 156 #define ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME "archivedObjects"
 157 static Array<char>* _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = nullptr;
 158 static const char* _test_class_name = nullptr;
 159 static Klass* _test_class = nullptr;
 160 static const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* _test_class_record = nullptr;
 161 #endif
 162 
 163 
 164 //
 165 // If you add new entries to the following tables, you should know what you're doing!
 166 //
 167 
 168 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 169   {"java/lang/Integer$IntegerCache",              "archivedCache"},
 170   {"java/lang/Long$LongCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 171   {"java/lang/Byte$ByteCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 172   {"java/lang/Short$ShortCache",                  "archivedCache"},
 173   {"java/lang/Character$CharacterCache",          "archivedCache"},
 174   {"java/util/jar/Attributes$Name",               "KNOWN_NAMES"},
 175   {"sun/util/locale/BaseLocale",                  "constantBaseLocales"},
 176   {"jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph",     "archivedModuleGraph"},
 177   {"java/util/ImmutableCollections",              "archivedObjects"},
 178   {"java/lang/ModuleLayer",                       "EMPTY_LAYER"},
 179   {"java/lang/module/Configuration",              "EMPTY_CONFIGURATION"},
 180   {"jdk/internal/math/FDBigInteger",              "archivedCaches"},
 181 
 182 #ifndef PRODUCT
 183   {nullptr, nullptr}, // Extra slot for -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
 184 #endif
 185   {nullptr, nullptr},
 186 };
 187 
 188 // full module graph
 189 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 190   {"jdk/internal/loader/ArchivedClassLoaders",    "archivedClassLoaders"},
 191   {ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS,                     ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD},
 192   {"java/lang/Module$ArchivedData",               "archivedData"},
 193   {nullptr, nullptr},
 194 };
 195 
 196 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::_dump_time_special_subgraph;
 197 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::_run_time_special_subgraph;
 198 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* HeapShared::_pending_roots = nullptr;
 199 OopHandle HeapShared::_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
 200 MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable* HeapShared::_scratch_objects_table = nullptr;
 201 
 202 static bool is_subgraph_root_class_of(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[], InstanceKlass* ik) {
 203   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
 204     if (fields[i].klass == ik) {
 205       return true;
 206     }
 207   }
 208   return false;
 209 }
 210 
 211 bool HeapShared::is_subgraph_root_class(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 212   return is_subgraph_root_class_of(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik) ||
 213          is_subgraph_root_class_of(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik);
 214 }
 215 
 216 oop HeapShared::CachedOopInfo::orig_referrer() const {
 217   return _orig_referrer.resolve();
 218 }
 219 
 220 unsigned HeapShared::oop_hash(oop const& p) {
 221   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() ||
 222          JavaThread::current()->is_in_no_safepoint_scope(), "sanity");
 223   // Do not call p->identity_hash() as that will update the
 224   // object header.
 225   return primitive_hash(cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(p));
 226 }
 227 
 228 unsigned int HeapShared::oop_handle_hash_raw(const OopHandle& oh) {
 229   return oop_hash(oh.resolve());
 230 }
 231 
 232 unsigned int HeapShared::oop_handle_hash(const OopHandle& oh) {
 233   oop o = oh.resolve();
 234   if (o == nullptr) {
 235     return 0;
 236   } else {
 237     return o->identity_hash();
 238   }
 239 }
 240 
 241 bool HeapShared::oop_handle_equals(const OopHandle& a, const OopHandle& b) {
 242   return a.resolve() == b.resolve();
 243 }
 244 
 245 static void reset_states(oop obj, TRAPS) {
 246   Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
 247   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(obj->klass());
 248   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
 249   Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
 250 
 251   while (klass != nullptr) {
 252     Method* method = klass->find_method(method_name, method_sig);
 253     if (method != nullptr) {
 254       assert(method->is_private(), "must be");
 255       if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot)) {
 256         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 257         log_debug(aot)("  calling %s", method->name_and_sig_as_C_string());
 258       }
 259       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 260       JavaCalls::call_special(&result, h_obj, klass,
 261                               method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
 262     }
 263     klass = klass->super();
 264   }
 265 }
 266 
 267 void HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(TRAPS) {
 268   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 269   log_debug(aot)("Resetting platform loader");
 270   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader(), CHECK);
 271   log_debug(aot)("Resetting system loader");
 272   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_system_loader(), CHECK);
 273 
 274   // Clean up jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders::bootLoader(), which is not
 275   // directly used for class loading, but rather is used by the core library
 276   // to keep track of resources, etc, loaded by the null class loader.
 277   //
 278   // Note, this object is non-null, and is not the same as
 279   // ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->class_loader(),
 280   // which is null.
 281   log_debug(aot)("Resetting boot loader");
 282   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
 283   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 284                          vmClasses::jdk_internal_loader_ClassLoaders_klass(),
 285                          vmSymbols::bootLoader_name(),
 286                          vmSymbols::void_BuiltinClassLoader_signature(),
 287                          CHECK);
 288   Handle boot_loader(THREAD, result.get_oop());
 289   reset_states(boot_loader(), CHECK);
 290 }
 291 
 292 HeapShared::ArchivedObjectCache* HeapShared::_archived_object_cache = nullptr;
 293 
 294 bool HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() {
 295   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 296     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 297       return AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 298     } else {
 299       return AOTMappedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 300     }
 301   }
 302 
 303   return false;
 304 }
 305 
 306 bool HeapShared::can_use_archived_heap() {
 307   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 308   if (static_mapinfo == nullptr) {
 309     return false;
 310   }
 311   if (!static_mapinfo->has_heap_region()) {
 312     return false;
 313   }
 314   if (!static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode() &&
 315       !Universe::heap()->can_load_archived_objects() &&
 316       !UseG1GC) {
 317     // Incompatible object format
 318     return false;
 319   }
 320 
 321   return true;
 322 }
 323 
 324 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
 325   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 326     return false;
 327   } else {
 328     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size);
 329   }
 330 }
 331 
 332 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(oop obj) {
 333   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 334     return false;
 335   } else {
 336     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(obj);
 337   }
 338 }
 339 
 340 bool HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
 341   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
 342   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
 343 }
 344 
 345 void HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode mode) {
 346   assert(_heap_load_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already set?");
 347   assert(mode != HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "sanity");
 348   _heap_load_mode = mode;
 349 };
 350 
 351 void HeapShared::initialize_writing_mode() {
 352   assert(!FLAG_IS_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects), "Should not have been ergonomically set yet");
 353 
 354   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 355     // We use FLAG_IS_CMDLINE below because we are specifically looking to warn
 356     // a user that explicitly sets the flag on the command line for a JVM that is
 357     // not dumping an archive.
 358     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 359       log_warning(cds)("-XX:%cAOTStreamableObjects was specified, "
 360                        "AOTStreamableObjects is only used for writing "
 361                        "the AOT cache.",
 362                        AOTStreamableObjects ? '+' : '-');
 363     }
 364   }
 365 
 366   // The below checks use !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT instead of FLAG_IS_CMDLINE
 367   // because the one step AOT cache creation transfers the AOTStreamableObjects
 368   // flag value from the training JVM to the assembly JVM using an environment
 369   // variable that sets the flag as ERGO in the assembly JVM.
 370   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 371     // By default, the value of AOTStreamableObjects should match !UseCompressedOops.
 372     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects, !UseCompressedOops);
 373   } else if (!AOTStreamableObjects && UseZGC) {
 374     // Never write mapped heap with ZGC
 375     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 376       log_warning(cds)("Heap archiving without streaming not supported for -XX:+UseZGC");
 377     }
 378     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects, true);
 379   }
 380 
 381   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 382     // Select default mode
 383     assert(_heap_write_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already initialized?");
 384     _heap_write_mode = AOTStreamableObjects ? HeapArchiveMode::_streaming : HeapArchiveMode::_mapping;
 385   }
 386 }
 387 
 388 void HeapShared::initialize_streaming() {
 389   assert(is_loading_streaming_mode(), "shouldn't call this");
 390   if (can_use_archived_heap()) {
 391     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::initialize();
 392   }
 393 }
 394 
 395 void HeapShared::enable_gc() {
 396   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 397     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::enable_gc();
 398   }
 399 }
 400 
 401 void HeapShared::materialize_thread_object() {
 402   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 403     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_thread_object();
 404   }
 405 }
 406 
 407 void HeapShared::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(oop string) {
 408   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "Only used by this mode");
 409   AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(string);
 410 }
 411 
 412 void HeapShared::finalize_initialization(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo) {
 413   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 414     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 415       // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
 416       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 417     } else {
 418       // Finish up archived heap initialization. These must be
 419       // done after ReadClosure.
 420       AOTMappedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 421     }
 422   }
 423 }
 424 
 425 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(oop obj) {
 426   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 427   CachedOopInfo* result = _archived_object_cache->get(oh);
 428   oh.release(Universe::vm_global());
 429   return result;
 430 }
 431 
 432 bool HeapShared::has_been_archived(oop obj) {
 433   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 434   return get_cached_oop_info(obj) != nullptr;
 435 }
 436 
 437 int HeapShared::append_root(oop obj) {
 438   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 439   if (obj != nullptr) {
 440     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
 441   }
 442   // No GC should happen since we aren't scanning _pending_roots.
 443   assert(Thread::current() == (Thread*)VMThread::vm_thread(), "should be in vm thread");
 444 
 445   return _pending_roots->append(obj);
 446 }
 447 
 448 oop HeapShared::get_root(int index, bool clear) {
 449   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 450   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only");
 451   assert(is_archived_heap_in_use(), "getting roots into heap that is not used");
 452 
 453   oop result;
 454   if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 455     result = AOTStreamedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 456   } else {
 457     assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 458     result = AOTMappedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 459   }
 460 
 461   if (clear) {
 462     clear_root(index);
 463   }
 464 
 465   return result;
 466 }
 467 
 468 void HeapShared::finish_materialize_objects() {
 469   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 470     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_materialize_objects();
 471   }
 472 }
 473 
 474 void HeapShared::clear_root(int index) {
 475   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 476   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be");
 477   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 478     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 479       log_debug(aot, heap)("Clearing root %d: was %zu", index, p2i(get_root(index, false /* clear */)));
 480     }
 481     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 482       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 483     } else {
 484       assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 485       AOTMappedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 486     }
 487   }
 488 }
 489 
 490 bool HeapShared::archive_object(oop obj, oop referrer, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info) {
 491   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 492 
 493   assert(!obj->is_stackChunk(), "do not archive stack chunks");
 494   if (has_been_archived(obj)) {
 495     return true;
 496   }
 497 
 498   if (is_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 499     log_debug(aot, heap)("Cannot archive, object (" PTR_FORMAT ") is too large: %zu",
 500                          p2i(obj), obj->size());
 501     debug_trace();
 502     return false;
 503   }
 504 
 505   AOTOopChecker::check(obj); // Make sure contents of this oop are safe.
 506   count_allocation(obj->size());
 507 
 508   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 509     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 510   } else {
 511     AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 512   }
 513 
 514   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 515   CachedOopInfo info = make_cached_oop_info(obj, referrer);
 516   archived_object_cache()->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 517   archived_object_cache()->maybe_grow();
 518 
 519   Klass* k = obj->klass();
 520   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 521     // Whenever we see a non-array Java object of type X, we mark X to be aot-initialized.
 522     // This ensures that during the production run, whenever Java code sees a cached object
 523     // of type X, we know that X is already initialized. (see TODO comment below ...)
 524 
 525     if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_enum_subclass()
 526         // We can't rerun <clinit> of enum classes (see cdsEnumKlass.cpp) so
 527         // we must store them as AOT-initialized.
 528         || (subgraph_info == _dump_time_special_subgraph))
 529         // TODO: we do this only for the special subgraph for now. Extending this to
 530         // other subgraphs would require more refactoring of the core library (such as
 531         // move some initialization logic into runtimeSetup()).
 532         //
 533         // For the other subgraphs, we have a weaker mechanism to ensure that
 534         // all classes in a subgraph are initialized before the subgraph is programmatically
 535         // returned from jdk.internal.misc.CDS::initializeFromArchive().
 536         // See HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
 537     {
 538       AOTArtifactFinder::add_aot_inited_class(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 539     }
 540 
 541     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 542       Klass* mirror_k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 543       if (mirror_k != nullptr) {
 544         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(mirror_k);
 545       }
 546     } else if (java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::is_instance(obj)) {
 547       Method* m = java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::vmtarget(obj);
 548       if (m != nullptr) {
 549         if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(m)) {
 550           m = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(m);
 551         }
 552         InstanceKlass* method_holder = m->method_holder();
 553         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(method_holder);
 554       }
 555     }
 556   }
 557 
 558   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 559     ResourceMark rm;
 560     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
 561     LogStream out(log);
 562     out.print("Archived heap object " PTR_FORMAT " : %s ",
 563               p2i(obj), obj->klass()->external_name());
 564     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 565       Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 566       if (k != nullptr) {
 567         out.print("%s", k->external_name());
 568       } else {
 569         out.print("primitive");
 570       }
 571     }
 572     out.cr();
 573   }
 574 
 575   return true;
 576 }
 577 
 578 class MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable: public HashTable<MetaspaceObj*, OopHandle,
 579     36137, // prime number
 580     AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 581     mtClassShared> {
 582 public:
 583   oop get_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 584     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 585     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 586     if (handle != nullptr) {
 587       return handle->resolve();
 588     } else {
 589       return nullptr;
 590     }
 591   }
 592   void set_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr, oop o) {
 593     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 594     OopHandle handle(Universe::vm_global(), o);
 595     bool is_new = put(ptr, handle);
 596     assert(is_new, "cannot set twice");
 597   }
 598   void remove_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 599     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 600     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 601     if (handle != nullptr) {
 602       handle->release(Universe::vm_global());
 603       remove(ptr);
 604     }
 605   }
 606 };
 607 
 608 void HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src, objArrayOop dest) {
 609   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
 610     _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(src, dest);
 611   }
 612 }
 613 
 614 objArrayOop HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 615   return (objArrayOop)_scratch_objects_table->get_oop(src);
 616 }
 617 
 618  void HeapShared::init_dumping() {
 619    _scratch_objects_table = new (mtClass)MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable();
 620    _pending_roots = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(500);
 621 }
 622 
 623 void HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 624   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 625     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 626     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 627       oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, CHECK);
 628       _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), m);
 629     }
 630   }
 631 }
 632 
 633 // Given java_mirror that represents a (primitive or reference) type T,
 634 // return the "scratch" version that represents the same type T.
 635 // Note that if java_mirror will be returned if it's already a
 636 // scratch mirror.
 637 //
 638 // See java_lang_Class::create_scratch_mirror() for more info.
 639 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(oop java_mirror) {
 640   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_mirror), "must be");
 641 
 642   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 643     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 644     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 645       if (_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve() == java_mirror) {
 646         return java_mirror;
 647       }
 648     }
 649   }
 650 
 651   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_mirror)) {
 652     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(java_mirror));
 653   } else {
 654     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_mirror));
 655   }
 656 }
 657 
 658 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(BasicType t) {
 659   assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
 660   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 661   return _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve();
 662 }
 663 
 664 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k) {
 665   return _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 666 }
 667 
 668 void HeapShared::set_scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k, oop mirror) {
 669   _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(k, mirror);
 670 }
 671 
 672 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_objects(Klass* k) {
 673   // Klass is being deallocated. Java mirror can still be alive, and it should not
 674   // point to dead klass. We need to break the link from mirror to the Klass.
 675   // See how InstanceKlass::deallocate_contents does it for normal mirrors.
 676   oop mirror = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 677   if (mirror != nullptr) {
 678     java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror, nullptr);
 679   }
 680   _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(k);
 681   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 682     _scratch_objects_table->remove(InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants());
 683   }
 684 }
 685 
 686 //TODO: we eventually want a more direct test for these kinds of things.
 687 //For example the JVM could record some bit of context from the creation
 688 //of the klass, such as who called the hidden class factory.  Using
 689 //string compares on names is fragile and will break as soon as somebody
 690 //changes the names in the JDK code.  See discussion in JDK-8342481 for
 691 //related ideas about marking AOT-related classes.
 692 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_form_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 693   return ik->is_hidden() &&
 694     (ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$MH+") ||
 695      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$DMH+") ||
 696      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$BMH+") ||
 697      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$VH+"));
 698 }
 699 
 700 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 701   return ik->is_hidden() && (ik->name()->index_of_at(0, "$$Lambda+", 9) > 0);
 702 }
 703 
 704 bool HeapShared::is_string_concat_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 705   return ik->is_hidden() && ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/String$$StringConcat");
 706 }
 707 
 708 bool HeapShared::is_archivable_hidden_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 709   return CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles() &&
 710     (is_lambda_form_klass(ik) || is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) || is_string_concat_klass(ik));
 711 }
 712 
 713 
 714 void HeapShared::copy_and_rescan_aot_inited_mirror(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 715   ik->set_has_aot_initialized_mirror();
 716 
 717   oop orig_mirror;
 718   if (RegeneratedClasses::is_regenerated_object(ik)) {
 719     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = RegeneratedClasses::get_original_object(ik);
 720     precond(orig_ik->is_initialized());
 721     orig_mirror = orig_ik->java_mirror();
 722   } else {
 723     precond(ik->is_initialized());
 724     orig_mirror = ik->java_mirror();
 725   }
 726 
 727   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(ik);
 728   int nfields = 0;
 729   for (JavaFieldStream fs(ik); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 730     if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
 731       fieldDescriptor& fd = fs.field_descriptor();
 732       int offset = fd.offset();
 733       switch (fd.field_type()) {
 734       case T_OBJECT:
 735       case T_ARRAY:
 736         {
 737           oop field_obj = orig_mirror->obj_field(offset);
 738           if (offset == java_lang_Class::reflection_data_offset()) {
 739             // Class::reflectData use SoftReference, which cannot be archived. Set it
 740             // to null and it will be recreated at runtime.
 741             field_obj = nullptr;
 742           }
 743           m->obj_field_put(offset, field_obj);
 744           if (field_obj != nullptr) {
 745             bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, field_obj);
 746             assert(success, "sanity");
 747           }
 748         }
 749         break;
 750       case T_BOOLEAN:
 751         m->bool_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->bool_field(offset));
 752         break;
 753       case T_BYTE:
 754         m->byte_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->byte_field(offset));
 755         break;
 756       case T_SHORT:
 757         m->short_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->short_field(offset));
 758         break;
 759       case T_CHAR:
 760         m->char_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->char_field(offset));
 761         break;
 762       case T_INT:
 763         m->int_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->int_field(offset));
 764         break;
 765       case T_LONG:
 766         m->long_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->long_field(offset));
 767         break;
 768       case T_FLOAT:
 769         m->float_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->float_field(offset));
 770         break;
 771       case T_DOUBLE:
 772         m->double_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->double_field(offset));
 773         break;
 774       default:
 775         ShouldNotReachHere();
 776       }
 777       nfields ++;
 778     }
 779   }
 780 
 781   oop class_data = java_lang_Class::class_data(orig_mirror);
 782   java_lang_Class::set_class_data(m, class_data);
 783   if (class_data != nullptr) {
 784     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, class_data);
 785     assert(success, "sanity");
 786   }
 787 
 788   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, init)) {
 789     ResourceMark rm;
 790     log_debug(aot, init)("copied %3d field(s) in aot-initialized mirror %s%s%s", nfields, ik->external_name(),
 791                          ik->is_hidden() ? " (hidden)" : "",
 792                          ik->is_enum_subclass() ? " (enum)" : "");
 793   }
 794 }
 795 
 796 void HeapShared::copy_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror, oop scratch_m) {
 797   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
 798   // in the shared heap.
 799   if (!orig_mirror->fast_no_hash_check()) {
 800     intptr_t src_hash = orig_mirror->identity_hash();
 801     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 802       narrowKlass nk = CompressedKlassPointers::encode(orig_mirror->klass());
 803       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk).copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 804     } else {
 805       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 806     }
 807     assert(scratch_m->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
 808 
 809     DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = scratch_m->identity_hash());
 810     assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
 811   }
 812 
 813   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 814     java_lang_Class::set_module(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::module(orig_mirror));
 815     java_lang_Class::set_protection_domain(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::protection_domain(orig_mirror));
 816   }
 817 }
 818 
 819 static objArrayOop get_archived_resolved_references(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
 820   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src_ik->class_loader_data())) {
 821     objArrayOop rr = src_ik->constants()->resolved_references_or_null();
 822     if (rr != nullptr && !HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(rr)) {
 823       return HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(src_ik->constants());
 824     }
 825   }
 826   return nullptr;
 827 }
 828 
 829 void HeapShared::archive_strings() {
 830   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "should not reach here");
 831   oop shared_strings_array = StringTable::init_shared_strings_array();
 832   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, shared_strings_array);
 833   assert(success, "shared strings array must not point to arrays or strings that are too large to archive");
 834   StringTable::set_shared_strings_array_index(append_root(shared_strings_array));
 835 }
 836 
 837 int HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(oop exception) {
 838   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, exception);
 839   assert(success, "sanity");
 840   return append_root(exception);
 841 }
 842 
 843 void HeapShared::get_pointer_info(oop src_obj, bool& has_oop_pointers, bool& has_native_pointers) {
 844   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 845   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 846   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 847   has_oop_pointers = info->has_oop_pointers();
 848   has_native_pointers = info->has_native_pointers();
 849 }
 850 
 851 void HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(oop src_obj) {
 852   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 853   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 854   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 855   info->set_has_native_pointers();
 856 }
 857 
 858 // Between start_scanning_for_oops() and end_scanning_for_oops(), we discover all Java heap objects that
 859 // should be stored in the AOT cache. The scanning is coordinated by AOTArtifactFinder.
 860 void HeapShared::start_scanning_for_oops() {
 861   {
 862     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 863 
 864     // The special subgraph doesn't belong to any class. We use Object_klass() here just
 865     // for convenience.
 866     _dump_time_special_subgraph = init_subgraph_info(vmClasses::Object_klass(), false);
 867 
 868     // Cache for recording where the archived objects are copied to
 869     create_archived_object_cache();
 870 
 871     if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode() && (UseG1GC || UseCompressedOops)) {
 872       aot_log_info(aot)("Heap range = [" PTR_FORMAT " - "  PTR_FORMAT "]",
 873                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::begin()) :
 874                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().start()),
 875                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::end()) :
 876                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end()));
 877     }
 878 
 879     archive_subgraphs();
 880   }
 881 
 882   init_seen_objects_table();
 883   Universe::archive_exception_instances();
 884 }
 885 
 886 void HeapShared::end_scanning_for_oops() {
 887   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 888     archive_strings();
 889   }
 890   delete_seen_objects_table();
 891 }
 892 
 893 void HeapShared::write_heap(ArchiveMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info, ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
 894   {
 895     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 896     CDSHeapVerifier::verify();
 897     check_special_subgraph_classes();
 898   }
 899 
 900   if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 901     StringTable::write_shared_table();
 902     AOTMappedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, mapped_heap_info);
 903   } else {
 904     assert(HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode(), "are there more modes?");
 905     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, streamed_heap_info);
 906   }
 907 
 908   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 909   write_subgraph_info_table();
 910 }
 911 
 912 void HeapShared::scan_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror) {
 913   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(orig_mirror);
 914   if (m != nullptr) { // nullptr if for custom class loader
 915     copy_java_mirror(orig_mirror, m);
 916     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, m);
 917     assert(success, "sanity");
 918   }
 919 }
 920 
 921 void HeapShared::scan_java_class(Klass* orig_k) {
 922   scan_java_mirror(orig_k->java_mirror());
 923 
 924   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
 925     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
 926     orig_ik->constants()->prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving();
 927     objArrayOop rr = get_archived_resolved_references(orig_ik);
 928     if (rr != nullptr) {
 929       bool success = HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, rr);
 930       assert(success, "must be");
 931     }
 932   }
 933 }
 934 
 935 void HeapShared::archive_subgraphs() {
 936   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
 937 
 938   archive_object_subgraphs(archive_subgraph_entry_fields,
 939                            false /* is_full_module_graph */);
 940 
 941   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 942     archive_object_subgraphs(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields,
 943                              true /* is_full_module_graph */);
 944     Modules::verify_archived_modules();
 945   }
 946 }
 947 
 948 //
 949 // Subgraph archiving support
 950 //
 951 HeapShared::DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* HeapShared::_dump_time_subgraph_info_table = nullptr;
 952 HeapShared::RunTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable   HeapShared::_run_time_subgraph_info_table;
 953 
 954 // Get the subgraph_info for Klass k. A new subgraph_info is created if
 955 // there is no existing one for k. The subgraph_info records the "buffered"
 956 // address of the class.
 957 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::init_subgraph_info(Klass* k, bool is_full_module_graph) {
 958   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 959   bool created;
 960   KlassSubGraphInfo* info =
 961     _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->put_if_absent(k, KlassSubGraphInfo(k, is_full_module_graph),
 962                                                   &created);
 963   assert(created, "must not initialize twice");
 964   return info;
 965 }
 966 
 967 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::get_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
 968   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 969   KlassSubGraphInfo* info = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->get(k);
 970   assert(info != nullptr, "must have been initialized");
 971   return info;
 972 }
 973 
 974 // Add an entry field to the current KlassSubGraphInfo.
 975 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_entry_field(int static_field_offset, oop v) {
 976   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 977   if (_subgraph_entry_fields == nullptr) {
 978     _subgraph_entry_fields =
 979       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<int>(10, mtClass);
 980   }
 981   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(static_field_offset);
 982   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(HeapShared::append_root(v));
 983 }
 984 
 985 // Add the Klass* for an object in the current KlassSubGraphInfo's subgraphs.
 986 // Only objects of boot classes can be included in sub-graph.
 987 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_object_klass(Klass* orig_k) {
 988   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 989 
 990   if (_subgraph_object_klasses == nullptr) {
 991     _subgraph_object_klasses =
 992       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(50, mtClass);
 993   }
 994 
 995   if (_k == orig_k) {
 996     // Don't add the Klass containing the sub-graph to it's own klass
 997     // initialization list.
 998     return;
 999   }
1000 
1001   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1002 #ifdef ASSERT
1003     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1004     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1005       // -XX:AOTInitTestClass must be used carefully in regression tests to
1006       // include only classes that are safe to aot-initialize.
1007       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1008              HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) ||
1009              AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class(),
1010             "we can archive only instances of boot classes or lambda proxy classes");
1011     } else {
1012       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr, "must be boot class");
1013     }
1014 #endif
1015     // vmClasses::xxx_klass() are not updated, need to check
1016     // the original Klass*
1017     if (orig_k == vmClasses::String_klass() ||
1018         orig_k == vmClasses::Object_klass()) {
1019       // Initialized early during VM initialization. No need to be added
1020       // to the sub-graph object class list.
1021       return;
1022     }
1023     check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k));
1024   } else if (orig_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1025     Klass* abk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass();
1026     if (abk->is_instance_klass()) {
1027       assert(InstanceKlass::cast(abk)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
1028             "must be boot class");
1029       check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass()));
1030     }
1031     if (orig_k == Universe::objectArrayKlass()) {
1032       // Initialized early during Universe::genesis. No need to be added
1033       // to the list.
1034       return;
1035     }
1036   } else {
1037     assert(orig_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "must be");
1038     // Primitive type arrays are created early during Universe::genesis.
1039     return;
1040   }
1041 
1042   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1043     if (!_subgraph_object_klasses->contains(orig_k)) {
1044       ResourceMark rm;
1045       log_debug(aot, heap)("Adding klass %s", orig_k->external_name());
1046     }
1047   }
1048 
1049   _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(orig_k);
1050   _has_non_early_klasses |= is_non_early_klass(orig_k);
1051 }
1052 
1053 void KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
1054 #ifndef PRODUCT
1055   if (AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class()) {
1056     // The tests can cache arbitrary types of objects.
1057     return;
1058   }
1059 #endif
1060 
1061   if (ik->module()->name() == vmSymbols::java_base()) {
1062     assert(ik->package() != nullptr, "classes in java.base cannot be in unnamed package");
1063     return;
1064   }
1065 
1066   const char* lambda_msg = "";
1067   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1068     lambda_msg = ", or a lambda proxy class";
1069     if (HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) &&
1070         (ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1071          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() ||
1072          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_system_loader())) {
1073       return;
1074     }
1075   }
1076 
1077 #ifndef PRODUCT
1078   if (!ik->module()->is_named() && ik->package() == nullptr && ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1079     // This class is loaded by ArchiveHeapTestClass
1080     return;
1081   }
1082   const char* testcls_msg = ", or a test class in an unnamed package of an unnamed module";
1083 #else
1084   const char* testcls_msg = "";
1085 #endif
1086 
1087   ResourceMark rm;
1088   log_error(aot, heap)("Class %s not allowed in archive heap. Must be in java.base%s%s",
1089                        ik->external_name(), lambda_msg, testcls_msg);
1090   AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1091 }
1092 
1093 bool KlassSubGraphInfo::is_non_early_klass(Klass* k) {
1094   if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1095     k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
1096   }
1097   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1098     if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_early_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(k))) {
1099       ResourceMark rm;
1100       log_info(aot, heap)("non-early: %s", k->external_name());
1101       return true;
1102     } else {
1103       return false;
1104     }
1105   } else {
1106     return false;
1107   }
1108 }
1109 
1110 // Initialize an archived subgraph_info_record from the given KlassSubGraphInfo.
1111 void ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord::init(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1112   _k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(info->klass());
1113   _entry_field_records = nullptr;
1114   _subgraph_object_klasses = nullptr;
1115   _is_full_module_graph = info->is_full_module_graph();
1116 
1117   if (_is_full_module_graph) {
1118     // Consider all classes referenced by the full module graph as early -- we will be
1119     // allocating objects of these classes during JVMTI early phase, so they cannot
1120     // be processed by (non-early) JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook
1121     _has_non_early_klasses = false;
1122   } else {
1123     _has_non_early_klasses = info->has_non_early_klasses();
1124   }
1125 
1126   if (_has_non_early_klasses) {
1127     ResourceMark rm;
1128     log_info(aot, heap)(
1129           "Subgraph of klass %s has non-early klasses and cannot be used when JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook is enabled",
1130           _k->external_name());
1131   }
1132 
1133   // populate the entry fields
1134   GrowableArray<int>* entry_fields = info->subgraph_entry_fields();
1135   if (entry_fields != nullptr) {
1136     int num_entry_fields = entry_fields->length();
1137     assert(num_entry_fields % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1138     _entry_field_records =
1139       ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<int>(num_entry_fields);
1140     for (int i = 0 ; i < num_entry_fields; i++) {
1141       _entry_field_records->at_put(i, entry_fields->at(i));
1142     }
1143   }
1144 
1145   // <recorded_klasses> has the Klasses of all the objects that are referenced by this subgraph.
1146   // Copy those that need to be explicitly initialized into <_subgraph_object_klasses>.
1147   GrowableArray<Klass*>* recorded_klasses = info->subgraph_object_klasses();
1148   if (recorded_klasses != nullptr) {
1149     // AOT-inited classes are automatically marked as "initialized" during bootstrap. When
1150     // programmatically loading a subgraph, we only need to explicitly initialize the classes
1151     // that are not aot-inited.
1152     int num_to_copy = 0;
1153     for (int i = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1154       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1155       if (!subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1156         num_to_copy ++;
1157       }
1158     }
1159 
1160     _subgraph_object_klasses = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Klass*>(num_to_copy);
1161     bool is_special = (_k == ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(vmClasses::Object_klass()));
1162     for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1163       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1164       if (subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1165         continue;
1166       }
1167       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1168         ResourceMark rm;
1169         const char* owner_name =  is_special ? "<special>" : _k->external_name();
1170         if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1171           InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(subgraph_k));
1172         }
1173         log_info(aot, heap)(
1174           "Archived object klass %s (%2d) => %s",
1175           owner_name, n, subgraph_k->external_name());
1176       }
1177       _subgraph_object_klasses->at_put(n, subgraph_k);
1178       ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(_subgraph_object_klasses->adr_at(n));
1179       n++;
1180     }
1181   }
1182 
1183   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_k);
1184   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_entry_field_records);
1185   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_subgraph_object_klasses);
1186 }
1187 
1188 class HeapShared::CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive : StackObj {
1189   CompactHashtableWriter* _writer;
1190 public:
1191   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive(CompactHashtableWriter* writer) : _writer(writer) {}
1192 
1193   bool do_entry(Klass* klass, KlassSubGraphInfo& info) {
1194     if (info.subgraph_object_klasses() != nullptr || info.subgraph_entry_fields() != nullptr) {
1195       ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(&info);
1196       Klass* buffered_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(klass);
1197       unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary((address)buffered_k);
1198       u4 delta = ArchiveBuilder::current()->any_to_offset_u4(record);
1199       _writer->add(hash, delta);
1200     }
1201     return true; // keep on iterating
1202   }
1203 };
1204 
1205 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1206   ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1207       (ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*)ArchiveBuilder::ro_region_alloc(sizeof(ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord));
1208   record->init(info);
1209   if (info ==  _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1210     _run_time_special_subgraph = record;
1211   }
1212   return record;
1213 }
1214 
1215 // Build the records of archived subgraph infos, which include:
1216 // - Entry points to all subgraphs from the containing class mirror. The entry
1217 //   points are static fields in the mirror. For each entry point, the field
1218 //   offset, and value are recorded in the sub-graph
1219 //   info. The value is stored back to the corresponding field at runtime.
1220 // - A list of klasses that need to be loaded/initialized before archived
1221 //   java object sub-graph can be accessed at runtime.
1222 void HeapShared::write_subgraph_info_table() {
1223   // Allocate the contents of the hashtable(s) inside the RO region of the CDS archive.
1224   DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* d_table = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table;
1225   CompactHashtableStats stats;
1226 
1227   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.reset();
1228 
1229   CompactHashtableWriter writer(d_table->number_of_entries(), &stats);
1230   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive copy(&writer);
1231   d_table->iterate(&copy);
1232   writer.dump(&_run_time_subgraph_info_table, "subgraphs");
1233 
1234 #ifndef PRODUCT
1235   if (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1236     size_t len = strlen(ArchiveHeapTestClass) + 1;
1237     Array<char>* array = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<char>((int)len);
1238     strncpy(array->adr_at(0), ArchiveHeapTestClass, len);
1239     _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = array;
1240   }
1241 #endif
1242   if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1243     print_stats();
1244   }
1245 }
1246 
1247 void HeapShared::serialize_tables(SerializeClosure* soc) {
1248 
1249 #ifndef PRODUCT
1250   soc->do_ptr(&_archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass);
1251   if (soc->reading() && _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1252     _test_class_name = _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass->adr_at(0);
1253     setup_test_class(_test_class_name);
1254   }
1255 #endif
1256 
1257   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.serialize_header(soc);
1258   soc->do_ptr(&_run_time_special_subgraph);
1259 }
1260 
1261 static void verify_the_heap(Klass* k, const char* which) {
1262   if (VerifyArchivedFields > 0) {
1263     ResourceMark rm;
1264     log_info(aot, heap)("Verify heap %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1265                         which, k->external_name());
1266 
1267     if (VerifyArchivedFields == 1) {
1268       VM_Verify verify_op;
1269       VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
1270     } else if (VerifyArchivedFields == 2 && is_init_completed()) {
1271       // At this time, the oop->klass() of some archived objects in the heap may not
1272       // have been loaded into the system dictionary yet. Nevertheless, oop->klass() should
1273       // have enough information (object size, oop maps, etc) so that a GC can be safely
1274       // performed.
1275       //
1276       // -XX:VerifyArchivedFields=2 force a GC to happen in such an early stage
1277       // to check for GC safety.
1278       log_info(aot, heap)("Trigger GC %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1279                           which, k->external_name());
1280       FlagSetting fs1(VerifyBeforeGC, true);
1281       FlagSetting fs2(VerifyDuringGC, true);
1282       FlagSetting fs3(VerifyAfterGC,  true);
1283       Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
1284     }
1285   }
1286 }
1287 
1288 // Before GC can execute, we must ensure that all oops reachable from HeapShared::roots()
1289 // have a valid klass. I.e., oopDesc::klass() must have already been resolved.
1290 //
1291 // Note: if a ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord contains non-early classes, and JVMTI
1292 // ClassFileLoadHook is enabled, it's possible for this class to be dynamically replaced. In
1293 // this case, we will not load the ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord and will clear its roots.
1294 void HeapShared::resolve_classes(JavaThread* current) {
1295   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only!");
1296   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1297     return; // nothing to do
1298   }
1299   resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1300   resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1301 }
1302 
1303 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(JavaThread* current, ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
1304   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
1305     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
1306     TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
1307     InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name);
1308     assert(k != nullptr && k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1309     resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(current, k);
1310   }
1311 }
1312 
1313 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1314   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1315   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1316   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1317    resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
1318   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1319    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1320   }
1321   if (record == nullptr) {
1322    clear_archived_roots_of(k);
1323   }
1324 }
1325 
1326 void HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(TRAPS) {
1327   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes() || CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1328     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/Invokers$Holder", true, CHECK);
1329     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle", true, CHECK);
1330     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives", true, CHECK);
1331     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1332     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DelegatingMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1333     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Holder", true, CHECK);
1334     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle$Species_L", true, CHECK);
1335   }
1336 }
1337 
1338 // Initialize the InstanceKlasses of objects that are reachable from the following roots:
1339 //   - interned strings
1340 //   - Klass::java_mirror() -- including aot-initialized mirrors such as those of Enum klasses.
1341 //   - ConstantPool::resolved_references()
1342 //   - Universe::<xxx>_exception_instance()
1343 //
1344 // For example, if this enum class is initialized at AOT cache assembly time:
1345 //
1346 //    enum Fruit {
1347 //       APPLE, ORANGE, BANANA;
1348 //       static final Set<Fruit> HAVE_SEEDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(APPLE, ORANGE));
1349 //   }
1350 //
1351 // the aot-initialized mirror of Fruit has a static field that references HashSet, which
1352 // should be initialized before any Java code can access the Fruit class. Note that
1353 // HashSet itself doesn't necessary need to be an aot-initialized class.
1354 void HeapShared::init_classes_for_special_subgraph(Handle class_loader, TRAPS) {
1355   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1356     return;
1357   }
1358 
1359   assert( _run_time_special_subgraph != nullptr, "must be");
1360   Array<Klass*>* klasses = _run_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1361   if (klasses != nullptr) {
1362     for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass ++) {
1363       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1364         Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
1365         if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1366           // This class is not yet loaded. We will initialize it in a later phase.
1367           // For example, we have loaded only AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT1 classes
1368           // but k is part of AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT2.
1369           continue;
1370         }
1371         if (k->class_loader() == class_loader()) {
1372           if (pass == 0) {
1373             if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1374               InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class(CHECK);
1375             }
1376           } else {
1377             resolve_or_init(k, /*do_init*/true, CHECK);
1378           }
1379         }
1380       }
1381     }
1382   }
1383 }
1384 
1385 void HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1386   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1387   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1388     return; // nothing to do
1389   }
1390 
1391   if (k->name()->equals("jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph") &&
1392       !CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() &&
1393       // archive was created with --module-path
1394       AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths() > 0) {
1395     // ArchivedModuleGraph was created with a --module-path that's different than the runtime --module-path.
1396     // Thus, it might contain references to modules that do not exist at runtime. We cannot use it.
1397     log_info(aot, heap)("Skip initializing ArchivedModuleGraph subgraph: is_using_optimized_module_handling=%s num_module_paths=%d",
1398                         BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling()),
1399                         AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths());
1400     return;
1401   }
1402 
1403   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1404   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1405     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
1406 
1407   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1408     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1409     // None of the field value will be set if there was an exception when initializing the classes.
1410     // The java code will not see any of the archived objects in the
1411     // subgraphs referenced from k in this case.
1412     return;
1413   }
1414 
1415   if (record != nullptr) {
1416     init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
1417   }
1418 }
1419 
1420 const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*
1421 HeapShared::resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1422   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "Should not be called when dumping heap");
1423 
1424   if (!k->in_aot_cache()) {
1425     return nullptr;
1426   }
1427   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1428   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1429 
1430 #ifndef PRODUCT
1431   if (_test_class_name != nullptr && k->name()->equals(_test_class_name) && record != nullptr) {
1432     _test_class = k;
1433     _test_class_record = record;
1434   }
1435 #endif
1436 
1437   // Initialize from archived data. Currently this is done only
1438   // during VM initialization time. No lock is needed.
1439   if (record == nullptr) {
1440     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1441       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1442       log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s is not recorded",
1443                           k->external_name());
1444     }
1445     return nullptr;
1446   } else {
1447     if (record->is_full_module_graph() && !CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph()) {
1448       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1449         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1450         log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s cannot be used because full module graph is disabled",
1451                             k->external_name());
1452       }
1453       return nullptr;
1454     }
1455 
1456     if (record->has_non_early_klasses() && JvmtiExport::should_post_class_file_load_hook()) {
1457       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1458         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1459         log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s cannot be used because JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook is enabled",
1460                             k->external_name());
1461       }
1462       return nullptr;
1463     }
1464 
1465     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1466       ResourceMark rm;
1467       log_info(aot, heap)("%s subgraph %s ", do_init ? "init" : "resolve", k->external_name());
1468     }
1469 
1470     resolve_or_init(k, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1471 
1472     // Load/link/initialize the klasses of the objects in the subgraph.
1473     // nullptr class loader is used.
1474     Array<Klass*>* klasses = record->subgraph_object_klasses();
1475     if (klasses != nullptr) {
1476       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1477         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1478         if (!klass->in_aot_cache()) {
1479           return nullptr;
1480         }
1481         resolve_or_init(klass, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1482       }
1483     }
1484   }
1485 
1486   return record;
1487 }
1488 
1489 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(const char* klass_name, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1490   TempNewSymbol klass_name_sym =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name);
1491   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name_sym);
1492   if (k == nullptr) {
1493     return;
1494   }
1495   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1496   resolve_or_init(k, false, CHECK);
1497   if (do_init) {
1498     resolve_or_init(k, true, CHECK);
1499   }
1500 }
1501 
1502 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1503   if (!do_init) {
1504     if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1505       Klass* resolved_k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(k->name(), CHECK);
1506       assert(resolved_k == k, "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1507     }
1508   } else {
1509     assert(k->class_loader_data() != nullptr, "must have been resolved by HeapShared::resolve_classes");
1510     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1511       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1512       ik->initialize(CHECK);
1513     } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1514       ObjArrayKlass* oak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k);
1515       oak->initialize(CHECK);
1516     }
1517   }
1518 }
1519 
1520 void HeapShared::init_archived_fields_for(Klass* k, const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record) {
1521   verify_the_heap(k, "before");
1522 
1523   Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1524   if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1525     int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1526     assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1527     for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1528       int field_offset = entry_field_records->at(i);
1529       int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1530       // Load the subgraph entry fields from the record and store them back to
1531       // the corresponding fields within the mirror.
1532       oop v = get_root(root_index, /*clear=*/true);
1533       oop m = k->java_mirror();
1534       if (k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1535         assert(v == m->obj_field(field_offset), "must be aot-initialized");
1536       } else {
1537         m->obj_field_put(field_offset, v);
1538       }
1539       log_debug(aot, heap)("  " PTR_FORMAT " init field @ %2d = " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(k), field_offset, p2i(v));
1540     }
1541 
1542     // Done. Java code can see the archived sub-graphs referenced from k's
1543     // mirror after this point.
1544     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1545       ResourceMark rm;
1546       log_info(aot, heap)("initialize_from_archived_subgraph %s " PTR_FORMAT "%s%s",
1547                           k->external_name(), p2i(k), JvmtiExport::is_early_phase() ? " (early)" : "",
1548                           k->has_aot_initialized_mirror() ? " (aot-inited)" : "");
1549     }
1550   }
1551 
1552   verify_the_heap(k, "after ");
1553 }
1554 
1555 void HeapShared::clear_archived_roots_of(Klass* k) {
1556   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1557   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1558   if (record != nullptr) {
1559     Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1560     if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1561       int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1562       assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1563       for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1564         int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1565         clear_root(root_index);
1566       }
1567     }
1568   }
1569 }
1570 
1571 // Push all oop fields (or oop array elemenets in case of an objArray) in
1572 // _referencing_obj onto the _stack.
1573 class HeapShared::OopFieldPusher: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1574   PendingOopStack* _stack;
1575   GrowableArray<oop> _found_oop_fields;
1576   int _level;
1577   bool _record_klasses_only;
1578   KlassSubGraphInfo* _subgraph_info;
1579   oop _referencing_obj;
1580   bool _is_java_lang_ref;
1581  public:
1582   OopFieldPusher(PendingOopStack* stack,
1583                  int level,
1584                  bool record_klasses_only,
1585                  KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1586                  oop orig) :
1587     _stack(stack),
1588     _found_oop_fields(),
1589     _level(level),
1590     _record_klasses_only(record_klasses_only),
1591     _subgraph_info(subgraph_info),
1592     _referencing_obj(orig) {
1593     _is_java_lang_ref = AOTReferenceObjSupport::check_if_ref_obj(orig);
1594   }
1595   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1596   void do_oop(      oop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1597 
1598   ~OopFieldPusher() {
1599     while (_found_oop_fields.length() > 0) {
1600       // This produces the exact same traversal order as the previous version
1601       // of OopFieldPusher that recurses on the C stack -- a depth-first search,
1602       // walking the oop fields in _referencing_obj by ascending field offsets.
1603       oop obj = _found_oop_fields.pop();
1604       _stack->push(PendingOop(obj, _referencing_obj, _level + 1));
1605     }
1606   }
1607 
1608  protected:
1609   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1610     int field_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((char*)p, cast_from_oop<char*>(_referencing_obj));
1611     oop obj = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(_referencing_obj, field_offset);
1612     if (obj != nullptr) {
1613       if (_is_java_lang_ref && AOTReferenceObjSupport::skip_field(field_offset)) {
1614         // Do not follow these fields. They will be cleared to null.
1615         return;
1616       }
1617 
1618       if (!_record_klasses_only && log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1619         ResourceMark rm;
1620         log_debug(aot, heap)("(%d) %s[%d] ==> " PTR_FORMAT " size %zu %s", _level,
1621                              _referencing_obj->klass()->external_name(), field_offset,
1622                              p2i(obj), obj->size() * HeapWordSize, obj->klass()->external_name());
1623         if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1624           LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1625           LogStream out(log);
1626           obj->print_on(&out);
1627         }
1628       }
1629 
1630       _found_oop_fields.push(obj);
1631     }
1632   }
1633 
1634  public:
1635   oop referencing_obj()                       { return _referencing_obj;      }
1636   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info()          { return _subgraph_info;        }
1637 };
1638 
1639 // Checks if an oop has any non-null oop fields
1640 class PointsToOopsChecker : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1641   bool _result;
1642 
1643   template <class T> void check(T *p) {
1644     _result |= (HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p) != nullptr);
1645   }
1646 
1647 public:
1648   PointsToOopsChecker() : _result(false) {}
1649   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { check(p); }
1650   void do_oop(      oop *p) { check(p); }
1651   bool result() { return _result; }
1652 };
1653 
1654 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo HeapShared::make_cached_oop_info(oop obj, oop referrer) {
1655   PointsToOopsChecker points_to_oops_checker;
1656   obj->oop_iterate(&points_to_oops_checker);
1657   return CachedOopInfo(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), referrer), points_to_oops_checker.result());
1658 }
1659 
1660 void HeapShared::init_box_classes(TRAPS) {
1661   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1662     vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1663     vmClasses::Character_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1664     vmClasses::Float_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1665     vmClasses::Double_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1666     vmClasses::Byte_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1667     vmClasses::Short_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1668     vmClasses::Integer_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1669     vmClasses::Long_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1670     vmClasses::Void_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1671   }
1672 }
1673 
1674 // (1) If orig_obj has not been archived yet, archive it.
1675 // (2) If orig_obj has not been seen yet (since start_recording_subgraph() was called),
1676 //     trace all  objects that are reachable from it, and make sure these objects are archived.
1677 // (3) Record the klasses of all objects that are reachable from orig_obj (including those that
1678 //     were already archived when this function is called)
1679 bool HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(int level,
1680                                                 KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1681                                                 oop orig_obj) {
1682   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1683   PendingOopStack stack;
1684   stack.push(PendingOop(orig_obj, nullptr, level));
1685 
1686   while (stack.length() > 0) {
1687     PendingOop po = stack.pop();
1688     _object_being_archived = po;
1689     bool status = walk_one_object(&stack, po.level(), subgraph_info, po.obj(), po.referrer());
1690     _object_being_archived = PendingOop();
1691 
1692     if (!status) {
1693       // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1694       // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1695       assert(level == 1, "VM should have exited with unarchivable objects for _level > 1");
1696       return false;
1697     }
1698   }
1699 
1700   return true;
1701 }
1702 
1703 bool HeapShared::walk_one_object(PendingOopStack* stack, int level, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1704                                  oop orig_obj, oop referrer) {
1705   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1706   if (!JavaClasses::is_supported_for_archiving(orig_obj)) {
1707     // This object has injected fields that cannot be supported easily, so we disallow them for now.
1708     // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added
1709     // these objects that are referenced (directly or indirectly) by static fields.
1710     ResourceMark rm;
1711     log_error(aot, heap)("Cannot archive object " PTR_FORMAT " of class %s", p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->klass()->external_name());
1712     debug_trace();
1713     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1714   }
1715 
1716   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap) && java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1717     ResourceMark rm;
1718     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
1719     LogStream out(log);
1720     out.print("Found java mirror " PTR_FORMAT " ", p2i(orig_obj));
1721     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1722     if (k != nullptr) {
1723       out.print("%s", k->external_name());
1724     } else {
1725       out.print("primitive");
1726     }
1727     out.print_cr("; scratch mirror = "  PTR_FORMAT,
1728                  p2i(scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj)));
1729   }
1730 
1731   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1732     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1733     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
1734       orig_obj = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k)->java_mirror();
1735     }
1736   }
1737 
1738   if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1739     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1740       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1741       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1742     }
1743   } else if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj) && subgraph_info != _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1744     // Without CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time(), we only allow archived objects to
1745     // point to the mirrors of (1) j.l.Object, (2) primitive classes, and (3) box classes. These are initialized
1746     // very early by HeapShared::init_box_classes().
1747     if (orig_obj == vmClasses::Object_klass()->java_mirror()
1748         || java_lang_Class::is_primitive(orig_obj)
1749         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->java_mirror()
1750         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Character_klass()->java_mirror()
1751         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Float_klass()->java_mirror()
1752         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Double_klass()->java_mirror()
1753         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Byte_klass()->java_mirror()
1754         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Short_klass()->java_mirror()
1755         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Integer_klass()->java_mirror()
1756         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Long_klass()->java_mirror()
1757         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Void_klass()->java_mirror()) {
1758       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1759       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1760     } else {
1761       // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added a Class
1762       // object that is referenced (directly or indirectly) by an ArchivableStaticFieldInfo
1763       // defined at the top of this file.
1764       log_error(aot, heap)("(%d) Unknown java.lang.Class object is in the archived sub-graph", level);
1765       debug_trace();
1766       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1767     }
1768   }
1769 
1770   if (has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj)) {
1771     // orig_obj has already been archived and traced. Nothing more to do.
1772     return true;
1773   } else {
1774     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj);
1775   }
1776 
1777   bool already_archived = has_been_archived(orig_obj);
1778   bool record_klasses_only = already_archived;
1779   if (!already_archived) {
1780     ++_num_new_archived_objs;
1781     if (!archive_object(orig_obj, referrer, subgraph_info)) {
1782       // Skip archiving the sub-graph referenced from the current entry field.
1783       ResourceMark rm;
1784       log_error(aot, heap)(
1785         "Cannot archive the sub-graph referenced from %s object ("
1786         PTR_FORMAT ") size %zu, skipped.",
1787         orig_obj->klass()->external_name(), p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->size() * HeapWordSize);
1788       if (level == 1) {
1789         // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1790         // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1791         return false;
1792       } else {
1793         // We don't know how to handle an object that has been archived, but some of its reachable
1794         // objects cannot be archived. Bail out for now. We might need to fix this in the future if
1795         // we have a real use case.
1796         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1797       }
1798     }
1799   }
1800 
1801   Klass *orig_k = orig_obj->klass();
1802   subgraph_info->add_subgraph_object_klass(orig_k);
1803 
1804   {
1805     // Find all the oops that are referenced by orig_obj, push them onto the stack
1806     // so we can work on them next.
1807     ResourceMark rm;
1808     OopFieldPusher pusher(stack, level, record_klasses_only, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1809     orig_obj->oop_iterate(&pusher);
1810   }
1811 
1812   if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1813     // The classes of all archived enum instances have been marked as aot-init,
1814     // so there's nothing else to be done in the production run.
1815   } else {
1816     // This is legacy support for enum classes before JEP 483 -- we cannot rerun
1817     // the enum's <clinit> in the production run, so special handling is needed.
1818     if (CDSEnumKlass::is_enum_obj(orig_obj)) {
1819       CDSEnumKlass::handle_enum_obj(level + 1, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1820     }
1821   }
1822 
1823   return true;
1824 }
1825 
1826 //
1827 // Start from the given static field in a java mirror and archive the
1828 // complete sub-graph of java heap objects that are reached directly
1829 // or indirectly from the starting object by following references.
1830 // Sub-graph archiving restrictions (current):
1831 //
1832 // - All classes of objects in the archived sub-graph (including the
1833 //   entry class) must be boot class only.
1834 // - No java.lang.Class instance (java mirror) can be included inside
1835 //   an archived sub-graph. Mirror can only be the sub-graph entry object.
1836 //
1837 // The Java heap object sub-graph archiving process (see OopFieldPusher):
1838 //
1839 // 1) Java object sub-graph archiving starts from a given static field
1840 // within a Class instance (java mirror). If the static field is a
1841 // reference field and points to a non-null java object, proceed to
1842 // the next step.
1843 //
1844 // 2) Archives the referenced java object. If an archived copy of the
1845 // current object already exists, updates the pointer in the archived
1846 // copy of the referencing object to point to the current archived object.
1847 // Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
1848 //
1849 // 3) Follows all references within the current java object and recursively
1850 // archive the sub-graph of objects starting from each reference.
1851 //
1852 // 4) Updates the pointer in the archived copy of referencing object to
1853 // point to the current archived object.
1854 //
1855 // 5) The Klass of the current java object is added to the list of Klasses
1856 // for loading and initializing before any object in the archived graph can
1857 // be accessed at runtime.
1858 //
1859 void HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(InstanceKlass *k,
1860                                                              const char* klass_name,
1861                                                              int field_offset,
1862                                                              const char* field_name) {
1863   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1864   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1865 
1866   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1867 
1868   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info = get_subgraph_info(k);
1869   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1870 
1871   log_debug(aot, heap)("Start archiving from: %s::%s (" PTR_FORMAT ")", klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1872 
1873   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1874     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1875       LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1876       LogStream out(log);
1877       f->print_on(&out);
1878     }
1879 
1880     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, subgraph_info, f);
1881     if (!success) {
1882       log_error(aot, heap)("Archiving failed %s::%s (some reachable objects cannot be archived)",
1883                            klass_name, field_name);
1884     } else {
1885       // Note: the field value is not preserved in the archived mirror.
1886       // Record the field as a new subGraph entry point. The recorded
1887       // information is restored from the archive at runtime.
1888       subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, f);
1889       log_info(aot, heap)("Archived field %s::%s => " PTR_FORMAT, klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1890     }
1891   } else {
1892     // The field contains null, we still need to record the entry point,
1893     // so it can be restored at runtime.
1894     subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, nullptr);
1895   }
1896 }
1897 
1898 #ifndef PRODUCT
1899 class VerifySharedOopClosure: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1900  public:
1901   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1902   void do_oop(      oop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1903 
1904  protected:
1905   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1906     oop obj = HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1907     if (obj != nullptr) {
1908       HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(obj);
1909     }
1910   }
1911 };
1912 
1913 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from_static_field(InstanceKlass* k, int field_offset) {
1914   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1915   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1916 
1917   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1918   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1919   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1920     verify_subgraph_from(f);
1921   }
1922 }
1923 
1924 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from(oop orig_obj) {
1925   if (!has_been_archived(orig_obj)) {
1926     // It's OK for the root of a subgraph to be not archived. See comments in
1927     // archive_reachable_objects_from().
1928     return;
1929   }
1930 
1931   // Verify that all objects reachable from orig_obj are archived.
1932   init_seen_objects_table();
1933   verify_reachable_objects_from(orig_obj);
1934   delete_seen_objects_table();
1935 }
1936 
1937 void HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop obj) {
1938   _num_total_verifications ++;
1939   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
1940     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
1941     assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
1942   }
1943   if (!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj)) {
1944     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj);
1945     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
1946     VerifySharedOopClosure walker;
1947     obj->oop_iterate(&walker);
1948   }
1949 }
1950 #endif
1951 
1952 void HeapShared::check_special_subgraph_classes() {
1953   if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1954     // We can have aot-initialized classes (such as Enums) that can reference objects
1955     // of arbitrary types. Currently, we trust the JEP 483 implementation to only
1956     // aot-initialize classes that are "safe".
1957     //
1958     // TODO: we need an automatic tool that checks the safety of aot-initialized
1959     // classes (when we extend the set of aot-initialized classes beyond JEP 483)
1960     return;
1961   } else {
1962     // In this case, the special subgraph should contain a few specific types
1963     GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses = _dump_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1964     int num = klasses->length();
1965     for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1966       Klass* subgraph_k = klasses->at(i);
1967       Symbol* name = subgraph_k->name();
1968       if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass() &&
1969           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&
1970           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_String() &&
1971           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException() &&
1972           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException() &&
1973           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException() &&
1974           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException() &&
1975           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError() &&
1976           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException() &&
1977           name != vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException()) {
1978         ResourceMark rm;
1979         fatal("special subgraph cannot have objects of type %s", subgraph_k->external_name());
1980       }
1981     }
1982   }
1983 }
1984 
1985 HeapShared::SeenObjectsTable* HeapShared::_seen_objects_table = nullptr;
1986 HeapShared::PendingOop HeapShared::_object_being_archived;
1987 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_walked_objs;
1988 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_archived_objs;
1989 size_t HeapShared::_num_old_recorded_klasses;
1990 
1991 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
1992 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_walked_objs = 0;
1993 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_archived_objs = 0;
1994 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
1995 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_verifications = 0;
1996 
1997 bool HeapShared::has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
1998   return _seen_objects_table->get(obj) != nullptr;
1999 }
2000 
2001 void HeapShared::set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2002   assert(!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj), "sanity");
2003   _seen_objects_table->put_when_absent(obj, true);
2004   _seen_objects_table->maybe_grow();
2005   ++ _num_new_walked_objs;
2006 }
2007 
2008 void HeapShared::start_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name, bool is_full_module_graph) {
2009   log_info(aot, heap)("Start recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s", class_name);
2010   init_subgraph_info(k, is_full_module_graph);
2011   init_seen_objects_table();
2012   _num_new_walked_objs = 0;
2013   _num_new_archived_objs = 0;
2014   _num_old_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses();
2015 }
2016 
2017 void HeapShared::done_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2018   size_t num_new_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses() -
2019     _num_old_recorded_klasses;
2020   log_info(aot, heap)("Done recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s: "
2021                       "walked %zu objs, archived %zu new objs, recorded %zu classes",
2022                       class_name, _num_new_walked_objs, _num_new_archived_objs,
2023                       num_new_recorded_klasses);
2024 
2025   delete_seen_objects_table();
2026 
2027   _num_total_subgraph_recordings ++;
2028   _num_total_walked_objs      += _num_new_walked_objs;
2029   _num_total_archived_objs    += _num_new_archived_objs;
2030   _num_total_recorded_klasses +=  num_new_recorded_klasses;
2031 }
2032 
2033 class ArchivableStaticFieldFinder: public FieldClosure {
2034   InstanceKlass* _ik;
2035   Symbol* _field_name;
2036   bool _found;
2037   int _offset;
2038 public:
2039   ArchivableStaticFieldFinder(InstanceKlass* ik, Symbol* field_name) :
2040     _ik(ik), _field_name(field_name), _found(false), _offset(-1) {}
2041 
2042   virtual void do_field(fieldDescriptor* fd) {
2043     if (fd->name() == _field_name) {
2044       assert(!_found, "fields can never be overloaded");
2045       if (is_reference_type(fd->field_type())) {
2046         _found = true;
2047         _offset = fd->offset();
2048       }
2049     }
2050   }
2051   bool found()     { return _found;  }
2052   int offset()     { return _offset; }
2053 };
2054 
2055 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2056                                             TRAPS) {
2057   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2058     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2059     TempNewSymbol klass_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
2060     TempNewSymbol field_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->field_name);
2061     ResourceMark rm; // for stringStream::as_string() etc.
2062 
2063 #ifndef PRODUCT
2064     bool is_test_class = (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) && (strcmp(info->klass_name, ArchiveHeapTestClass) == 0);
2065     const char* test_class_name = ArchiveHeapTestClass;
2066 #else
2067     bool is_test_class = false;
2068     const char* test_class_name = ""; // avoid C++ printf checks warnings.
2069 #endif
2070 
2071     if (is_test_class) {
2072       log_warning(aot)("Loading ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2073     }
2074 
2075     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, THREAD);
2076     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2077       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2078       stringStream st;
2079       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s cannot be loaded by the boot loader", info->klass_name);
2080       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2081     }
2082 
2083     if (!k->is_instance_klass()) {
2084       stringStream st;
2085       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s is not an instance class", info->klass_name);
2086       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2087     }
2088 
2089     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
2090     assert(InstanceKlass::cast(ik)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
2091            "Only support boot classes");
2092 
2093     if (is_test_class) {
2094       if (ik->module()->is_named()) {
2095         // We don't want ArchiveHeapTestClass to be abused to easily load/initialize arbitrary
2096         // core-lib classes. You need to at least append to the bootclasspath.
2097         stringStream st;
2098         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed module", test_class_name);
2099         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2100       }
2101 
2102       if (ik->package() != nullptr) {
2103         // This restriction makes HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module() easy.
2104         stringStream st;
2105         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed package", test_class_name);
2106         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2107       }
2108     } else {
2109       if (ik->module()->name() != vmSymbols::java_base()) {
2110         // We don't want to deal with cases when a module is unavailable at runtime.
2111         // FUTURE -- load from archived heap only when module graph has not changed
2112         //           between dump and runtime.
2113         stringStream st;
2114         st.print("%s is not in java.base module", info->klass_name);
2115         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2116       }
2117     }
2118 
2119     if (is_test_class) {
2120       log_warning(aot)("Initializing ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2121     }
2122     ik->initialize(CHECK);
2123 
2124     ArchivableStaticFieldFinder finder(ik, field_name);
2125     ik->do_local_static_fields(&finder);
2126     if (!finder.found()) {
2127       stringStream st;
2128       st.print("Unable to find the static T_OBJECT field %s::%s", info->klass_name, info->field_name);
2129       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2130     }
2131 
2132     info->klass = ik;
2133     info->offset = finder.offset();
2134   }
2135 }
2136 
2137 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(TRAPS) {
2138   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
2139   _dump_time_subgraph_info_table = new (mtClass)DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable();
2140   init_subgraph_entry_fields(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2141   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
2142     init_subgraph_entry_fields(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2143   }
2144 }
2145 
2146 #ifndef PRODUCT
2147 void HeapShared::setup_test_class(const char* test_class_name) {
2148   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* p = archive_subgraph_entry_fields;
2149   int num_slots = sizeof(archive_subgraph_entry_fields) / sizeof(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo);
2150   assert(p[num_slots - 2].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that's patched below");
2151   assert(p[num_slots - 1].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that marks the end of the list");
2152 
2153   if (test_class_name != nullptr) {
2154     p[num_slots - 2].klass_name = test_class_name;
2155     p[num_slots - 2].field_name = ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME;
2156   }
2157 }
2158 
2159 // See if ik is one of the test classes that are pulled in by -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
2160 // during runtime. This may be called before the module system is initialized so
2161 // we cannot rely on InstanceKlass::module(), etc.
2162 bool HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module(Klass* ik) {
2163   if (_test_class != nullptr) {
2164     if (ik == _test_class) {
2165       return true;
2166     }
2167     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _test_class_record->subgraph_object_klasses();
2168     if (klasses == nullptr) {
2169       return false;
2170     }
2171 
2172     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
2173       Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
2174       if (k == ik) {
2175         Symbol* name;
2176         if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
2177           name = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->name();
2178         } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
2179           Klass* bk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
2180           if (!bk->is_instance_klass()) {
2181             return false;
2182           }
2183           name = bk->name();
2184         } else {
2185           return false;
2186         }
2187 
2188         // See KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass() - we only allow test classes
2189         // to be:
2190         //   (A) java.base classes (which must not be in the unnamed module)
2191         //   (B) test classes which must be in the unnamed package of the unnamed module.
2192         // So if we see a '/' character in the class name, it must be in (A);
2193         // otherwise it must be in (B).
2194         if (name->index_of_at(0, "/", 1)  >= 0) {
2195           return false; // (A)
2196         }
2197 
2198         return true; // (B)
2199       }
2200     }
2201   }
2202 
2203   return false;
2204 }
2205 
2206 void HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(JavaThread* current) {
2207   Klass* k = _test_class;
2208   if (k != nullptr && is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
2209     JavaThread* THREAD = current;
2210     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2211     const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
2212       resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
2213 
2214     // The _test_class is in the unnamed module, so it can't call CDS.initializeFromArchive()
2215     // from its <clinit> method. So we set up its "archivedObjects" field first, before
2216     // calling its <clinit>. This is not strictly clean, but it's a convenient way to write unit
2217     // test cases (see test/hotspot/jtreg/runtime/cds/appcds/cacheObject/ArchiveHeapTestClass.java).
2218     if (record != nullptr) {
2219       init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
2220     }
2221     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
2222   }
2223 }
2224 #endif
2225 
2226 void HeapShared::init_for_dumping(TRAPS) {
2227   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
2228     setup_test_class(ArchiveHeapTestClass);
2229     init_subgraph_entry_fields(CHECK);
2230   }
2231 }
2232 
2233 void HeapShared::init_heap_writer() {
2234   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
2235     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::init();
2236   } else {
2237     AOTMappedHeapWriter::init();
2238   }
2239 }
2240 
2241 void HeapShared::archive_object_subgraphs(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2242                                           bool is_full_module_graph) {
2243   _num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2244   _num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2245   _num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2246   _num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2247   _num_total_verifications = 0;
2248 
2249   // For each class X that has one or more archived fields:
2250   // [1] Dump the subgraph of each archived field
2251   // [2] Create a list of all the class of the objects that can be reached
2252   //     by any of these static fields.
2253   //     At runtime, these classes are initialized before X's archived fields
2254   //     are restored by HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
2255   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); ) {
2256     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2257     const char* klass_name = info->klass_name;
2258     start_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name, is_full_module_graph);
2259 
2260     // If you have specified consecutive fields of the same klass in
2261     // fields[], these will be archived in the same
2262     // {start_recording_subgraph ... done_recording_subgraph} pass to
2263     // save time.
2264     for (; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2265       ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2266       if (f->klass_name != klass_name) {
2267         break;
2268       }
2269 
2270       archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(f->klass, f->klass_name,
2271                                                   f->offset, f->field_name);
2272     }
2273     done_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2274   }
2275 
2276   log_info(aot, heap)("Archived subgraph records = %zu",
2277                       _num_total_subgraph_recordings);
2278   log_info(aot, heap)("  Walked %zu objects", _num_total_walked_objs);
2279   log_info(aot, heap)("  Archived %zu objects", _num_total_archived_objs);
2280   log_info(aot, heap)("  Recorded %zu klasses", _num_total_recorded_klasses);
2281 
2282 #ifndef PRODUCT
2283   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2284     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2285     verify_subgraph_from_static_field(f->klass, f->offset);
2286   }
2287   log_info(aot, heap)("  Verified %zu references", _num_total_verifications);
2288 #endif
2289 }
2290 
2291 bool HeapShared::is_dumped_interned_string(oop o) {
2292   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2293     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_dumped_interned_string(o);
2294   } else {
2295     return AOTStreamedHeapWriter::is_dumped_interned_string(o);
2296   }
2297 }
2298 
2299 // These tables should be used only within the CDS safepoint, so
2300 // delete them before we exit the safepoint. Otherwise the table will
2301 // contain bad oops after a GC.
2302 void HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops() {
2303   assert(_seen_objects_table == nullptr, "should have been deleted");
2304 
2305   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2306     AOTMappedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2307   } else {
2308     assert(is_writing_streaming_mode(), "what other mode?");
2309     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2310   }
2311 }
2312 
2313 void HeapShared::debug_trace() {
2314   ResourceMark rm;
2315   oop referrer = _object_being_archived.referrer();
2316   if (referrer != nullptr) {
2317     LogStream ls(Log(aot, heap)::error());
2318     ls.print_cr("Reference trace");
2319     CDSHeapVerifier::trace_to_root(&ls, referrer);
2320   }
2321 }
2322 
2323 #ifndef PRODUCT
2324 // At dump-time, find the location of all the non-null oop pointers in an archived heap
2325 // region. This way we can quickly relocate all the pointers without using
2326 // BasicOopIterateClosure at runtime.
2327 class FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
2328   void* _start;
2329   BitMap *_oopmap;
2330   size_t _num_total_oops;
2331   size_t _num_null_oops;
2332  public:
2333   FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers(void* start, BitMap* oopmap)
2334     : _start(start), _oopmap(oopmap), _num_total_oops(0),  _num_null_oops(0) {}
2335 
2336   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
2337     assert(UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2338     _num_total_oops ++;
2339     narrowOop v = *p;
2340     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(v)) {
2341       size_t idx = p - (narrowOop*)_start;
2342       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2343     } else {
2344       _num_null_oops ++;
2345     }
2346   }
2347   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
2348     assert(!UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2349     _num_total_oops ++;
2350     if ((*p) != nullptr) {
2351       size_t idx = p - (oop*)_start;
2352       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2353     } else {
2354       _num_null_oops ++;
2355     }
2356   }
2357   size_t num_total_oops() const { return _num_total_oops; }
2358   size_t num_null_oops()  const { return _num_null_oops; }
2359 };
2360 #endif
2361 
2362 void HeapShared::count_allocation(size_t size) {
2363   _total_obj_count ++;
2364   _total_obj_size += size;
2365   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2366     if (size <= (size_t(1) << i)) {
2367       _alloc_count[i] ++;
2368       _alloc_size[i] += size;
2369       return;
2370     }
2371   }
2372 }
2373 
2374 static double avg_size(size_t size, size_t count) {
2375   double avg = 0;
2376   if (count > 0) {
2377     avg = double(size * HeapWordSize) / double(count);
2378   }
2379   return avg;
2380 }
2381 
2382 void HeapShared::print_stats() {
2383   size_t huge_count = _total_obj_count;
2384   size_t huge_size = _total_obj_size;
2385 
2386   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2387     size_t byte_size_limit = (size_t(1) << i) * HeapWordSize;
2388     size_t count = _alloc_count[i];
2389     size_t size = _alloc_size[i];
2390     log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu objects are <= %-6zu"
2391                         " bytes (total %8zu bytes, avg %8.1f bytes)",
2392                         count, byte_size_limit, size * HeapWordSize, avg_size(size, count));
2393     huge_count -= count;
2394     huge_size -= size;
2395   }
2396 
2397   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu huge  objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2398                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2399                       huge_count, huge_size * HeapWordSize,
2400                       avg_size(huge_size, huge_count));
2401   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu total objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2402                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2403                       _total_obj_count, _total_obj_size * HeapWordSize,
2404                       avg_size(_total_obj_size, _total_obj_count));
2405 }
2406 
2407 bool HeapShared::is_metadata_field(oop src_obj, int offset) {
2408   bool result = false;
2409   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int metadata_offset) {
2410     if (metadata_offset == offset) {
2411       result = true;
2412     }
2413   });
2414   return result;
2415 }
2416 
2417 void HeapShared::remap_dumped_metadata(oop src_obj, address archived_object) {
2418   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int offset) {
2419     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = (Metadata**)(archived_object + offset);
2420     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
2421 
2422     if (native_ptr == nullptr) {
2423       return;
2424     }
2425 
2426     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(native_ptr)) {
2427       native_ptr = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(native_ptr);
2428     }
2429 
2430     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
2431     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
2432     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
2433   });
2434 }
2435 
2436 bool HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(JavaThread* current) {
2437   TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS);
2438   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, klass_name, Handle());
2439   if (k == nullptr) {
2440     return false;
2441   } else {
2442     TempNewSymbol field_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD);
2443     TempNewSymbol field_signature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljdk/internal/module/ArchivedBootLayer;");
2444     fieldDescriptor fd;
2445     if (k->find_field(field_name, field_signature, true, &fd) != nullptr) {
2446       oop m = k->java_mirror();
2447       oop f = m->obj_field(fd.offset());
2448       if (CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
2449         return false;
2450       }
2451     } else {
2452       return false;
2453     }
2454   }
2455   return true;
2456 }
2457 
2458 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP