1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8 *
9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
13 * accompanied this code).
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
18 *
19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
21 * questions.
22 *
23 */
24
25 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
26 #include "cds/archiveHeapLoader.hpp"
27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
28 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
29 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp"
30 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
31 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
32 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp"
33 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
34 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
35 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
36 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
37 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
38 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
39 #include "code/codeBehaviours.hpp"
40 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
41 #include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
42 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
43 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
44 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
45 #include "gc/shared/gcLogPrecious.hpp"
46 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
47 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.hpp"
48 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
49 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
50 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
51 #include "logging/log.hpp"
52 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
53 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
54 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
55 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
56 #include "memory/metaspaceCounters.hpp"
57 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
58 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
59 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
60 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
61 #include "oops/compressedOops.hpp"
62 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
63 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
64 #include "oops/jmethodIDTable.hpp"
65 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
66 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
67 #include "oops/objLayout.hpp"
68 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
69 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
70 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
71 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
72 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
73 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
74 #include "runtime/cpuTimeCounters.hpp"
75 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
76 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
77 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
78 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
79 #include "runtime/javaThread.hpp"
80 #include "runtime/jniHandles.hpp"
81 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
82 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
83 #include "sanitizers/leak.hpp"
84 #include "services/cpuTimeUsage.hpp"
85 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
86 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
87 #include "utilities/autoRestore.hpp"
88 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
89 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
90 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
91 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
92 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
93 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
94
95 // A helper class for caching a Method* when the user of the cache
96 // only cares about the latest version of the Method*. This cache safely
97 // interacts with the RedefineClasses API.
98 class LatestMethodCache {
99 // We save the InstanceKlass* and the idnum of Method* in order to get
100 // the current Method*.
101 InstanceKlass* _klass;
102 int _method_idnum;
103
104 public:
105 LatestMethodCache() { _klass = nullptr; _method_idnum = -1; }
106
107 void init(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik, const char* method,
108 Symbol* signature, bool is_static);
109 Method* get_method();
110 };
111
112 static LatestMethodCache _finalizer_register_cache; // Finalizer.register()
113 static LatestMethodCache _loader_addClass_cache; // ClassLoader.addClass()
114 static LatestMethodCache _throw_illegal_access_error_cache; // Unsafe.throwIllegalAccessError()
115 static LatestMethodCache _throw_no_such_method_error_cache; // Unsafe.throwNoSuchMethodError()
116 static LatestMethodCache _do_stack_walk_cache; // AbstractStackWalker.doStackWalk()
117
118 // Known objects
119 TypeArrayKlass* Universe::_typeArrayKlasses[T_LONG+1] = { nullptr /*, nullptr...*/ };
120 ObjArrayKlass* Universe::_objectArrayKlass = nullptr;
121 Klass* Universe::_fillerArrayKlass = nullptr;
122 OopHandle Universe::_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
123 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
124 int Universe::_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[T_VOID+1];
125 #endif
126
127 OopHandle Universe::_main_thread_group;
128 OopHandle Universe::_system_thread_group;
129 OopHandle Universe::_the_empty_class_array;
130 OopHandle Universe::_the_null_string;
131 OopHandle Universe::_the_min_jint_string;
132
133 OopHandle Universe::_the_null_sentinel;
134
135 // _out_of_memory_errors is an objArray
136 enum OutOfMemoryInstance { _oom_java_heap,
137 _oom_c_heap,
138 _oom_metaspace,
139 _oom_class_metaspace,
140 _oom_array_size,
141 _oom_gc_overhead_limit,
142 _oom_realloc_objects,
143 _oom_count };
144
145 OopHandle Universe::_out_of_memory_errors;
146 OopHandle Universe:: _class_init_stack_overflow_error;
147 OopHandle Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message;
148 OopHandle Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array;
149 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
150
151 // Message details for OOME objects, preallocate these objects since they could be
152 // used when throwing OOME, we should try to avoid further allocation in such case
153 OopHandle Universe::_msg_metaspace;
154 OopHandle Universe::_msg_class_metaspace;
155
156 OopHandle Universe::_reference_pending_list;
157
158 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = nullptr;
159
160 long Universe::verify_flags = Universe::Verify_All;
161
162 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array = nullptr;
163 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array = nullptr;
164 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array = nullptr;
165 Array<InstanceKlass*>* Universe::_the_empty_instance_klass_array = nullptr;
166 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array = nullptr;
167
168 uintx Universe::_the_array_interfaces_bitmap = 0;
169 uintx Universe::_the_empty_klass_bitmap = 0;
170
171 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
172 DEBUG_ONLY(OopHandle Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array;)
173 DEBUG_ONLY(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next = 0;)
174
175 // Heap
176 int Universe::_verify_count = 0;
177
178 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
179 uintptr_t Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
180 uintptr_t Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
181
182 int Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
183 bool Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
184 bool Universe::_module_initialized = false;
185 bool Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
186 volatile bool Universe::_is_shutting_down = false;
187
188 OopStorage* Universe::_vm_weak = nullptr;
189 OopStorage* Universe::_vm_global = nullptr;
190
191 CollectedHeap* Universe::_collectedHeap = nullptr;
192
193 // These are the exceptions that are always created and are guatanteed to exist.
194 // If possible, they can be stored as CDS archived objects to speed up AOT code.
195 class BuiltinException {
196 OopHandle _instance;
197 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(int _archived_root_index;)
198
199 public:
200 BuiltinException() : _instance() {
201 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(_archived_root_index = 0);
202 }
203
204 void init_if_empty(Symbol* symbol, TRAPS) {
205 if (_instance.is_empty()) {
206 Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(symbol, true, CHECK);
207 oop obj = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK);
208 _instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
209 }
210 }
211
212 oop instance() {
213 return _instance.resolve();
214 }
215
216 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
217 void store_in_cds() {
218 _archived_root_index = HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(instance());
219 }
220
221 void load_from_cds() {
222 if (_archived_root_index >= 0) {
223 oop obj = HeapShared::get_root(_archived_root_index);
224 assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
225 _instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
226 }
227 }
228
229 void serialize(SerializeClosure *f) {
230 f->do_int(&_archived_root_index);
231 }
232 #endif
233 };
234
235 static BuiltinException _null_ptr_exception;
236 static BuiltinException _arithmetic_exception;
237 static BuiltinException _internal_error;
238 static BuiltinException _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception;
239 static BuiltinException _array_store_exception;
240 static BuiltinException _class_cast_exception;
241
242 objArrayOop Universe::the_empty_class_array () {
243 return (objArrayOop)_the_empty_class_array.resolve();
244 }
245
246 oop Universe::main_thread_group() { return _main_thread_group.resolve(); }
247 void Universe::set_main_thread_group(oop group) { _main_thread_group = OopHandle(vm_global(), group); }
248
249 oop Universe::system_thread_group() { return _system_thread_group.resolve(); }
250 void Universe::set_system_thread_group(oop group) { _system_thread_group = OopHandle(vm_global(), group); }
251
252 oop Universe::the_null_string() { return _the_null_string.resolve(); }
253 oop Universe::the_min_jint_string() { return _the_min_jint_string.resolve(); }
254
255 oop Universe::null_ptr_exception_instance() { return _null_ptr_exception.instance(); }
256 oop Universe::arithmetic_exception_instance() { return _arithmetic_exception.instance(); }
257 oop Universe::internal_error_instance() { return _internal_error.instance(); }
258 oop Universe::array_index_out_of_bounds_exception_instance() { return _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.instance(); }
259 oop Universe::array_store_exception_instance() { return _array_store_exception.instance(); }
260 oop Universe::class_cast_exception_instance() { return _class_cast_exception.instance(); }
261
262 oop Universe::the_null_sentinel() { return _the_null_sentinel.resolve(); }
263
264 oop Universe::int_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_INT].resolve()); }
265 oop Universe::float_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_FLOAT].resolve()); }
266 oop Universe::double_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_DOUBLE].resolve()); }
267 oop Universe::byte_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_BYTE].resolve()); }
268 oop Universe::bool_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_BOOLEAN].resolve()); }
269 oop Universe::char_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_CHAR].resolve()); }
270 oop Universe::long_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_LONG].resolve()); }
271 oop Universe::short_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_SHORT].resolve()); }
272 oop Universe::void_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID].resolve()); }
273
274 oop Universe::java_mirror(BasicType t) {
275 assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
276 assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
277 return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve());
278 }
279
280 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(KlassClosure *closure) {
281 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
282 closure->do_klass(_typeArrayKlasses[i]);
283 }
284 // We don't do the following because it will confuse JVMTI.
285 // _fillerArrayKlass is used only by GC, which doesn't need to see
286 // this klass from basic_type_classes_do().
287 //
288 // closure->do_klass(_fillerArrayKlass);
289 }
290
291 void Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
292 it->push(&_fillerArrayKlass);
293 for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
294 it->push(&_typeArrayKlasses[i]);
295 }
296 it->push(&_objectArrayKlass);
297
298 it->push(&_the_empty_int_array);
299 it->push(&_the_empty_short_array);
300 it->push(&_the_empty_klass_array);
301 it->push(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
302 it->push(&_the_empty_method_array);
303 it->push(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
304 }
305
306 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
307 void Universe::set_archived_basic_type_mirror_index(BasicType t, int index) {
308 assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "sanity");
309 assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
310 _archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[t] = index;
311 }
312
313 void Universe::archive_exception_instances() {
314 _null_ptr_exception.store_in_cds();
315 _arithmetic_exception.store_in_cds();
316 _internal_error.store_in_cds();
317 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.store_in_cds();
318 _array_store_exception.store_in_cds();
319 _class_cast_exception.store_in_cds();
320 }
321
322 void Universe::load_archived_object_instances() {
323 if (ArchiveHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
324 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
325 int index = _archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i];
326 if (!is_reference_type((BasicType)i) && index >= 0) {
327 oop mirror_oop = HeapShared::get_root(index);
328 assert(mirror_oop != nullptr, "must be");
329 _basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(vm_global(), mirror_oop);
330 }
331 }
332
333 _null_ptr_exception.load_from_cds();
334 _arithmetic_exception.load_from_cds();
335 _internal_error.load_from_cds();
336 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.load_from_cds();
337 _array_store_exception.load_from_cds();
338 _class_cast_exception.load_from_cds();
339 }
340 }
341 #endif
342
343 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f) {
344
345 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
346 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
347 f->do_int(&_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i]);
348 // if f->reading(): We can't call HeapShared::get_root() yet, as the heap
349 // contents may need to be relocated. _basic_type_mirrors[i] will be
350 // updated later in Universe::load_archived_object_instances().
351 }
352 _null_ptr_exception.serialize(f);
353 _arithmetic_exception.serialize(f);
354 _internal_error.serialize(f);
355 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.serialize(f);
356 _array_store_exception.serialize(f);
357 _class_cast_exception.serialize(f);
358 #endif
359
360 f->do_ptr(&_fillerArrayKlass);
361 for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
362 f->do_ptr(&_typeArrayKlasses[i]);
363 }
364
365 f->do_ptr(&_objectArrayKlass);
366 f->do_ptr(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
367 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_int_array);
368 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_short_array);
369 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_method_array);
370 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_klass_array);
371 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
372 }
373
374
375 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
376 if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
377 vm_exit_during_initialization(
378 err_msg("Size of %s (%zu bytes) must be aligned to %zu bytes", name, size, alignment));
379 }
380 }
381
382 static void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
383 Klass* ok = vmClasses::Object_klass();
384 #if INCLUDE_CDS
385 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
386 ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
387 assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
388 if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
389 InstanceKlass::cast(k)->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), nullptr, CHECK);
390 } else {
391 ArrayKlass::cast(k)->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
392 }
393 } else
394 #endif
395 {
396 k->initialize_supers(ok, nullptr, CHECK);
397 }
398 k->append_to_sibling_list();
399 }
400
401 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
402 ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
403 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
404
405 // Explicit null checks are needed if these offsets are not smaller than the page size
406 if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
407 assert(oopDesc::mark_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
408 "Mark offset is expected to be less than the page size");
409 } else {
410 assert(oopDesc::klass_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
411 "Klass offset is expected to be less than the page size");
412 }
413 assert(arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
414 "Array length offset is expected to be less than the page size");
415
416 { AutoModifyRestore<bool> temporarily(_bootstrapping, true);
417
418 java_lang_Class::allocate_fixup_lists();
419
420 // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
421 compute_base_vtable_size();
422
423 if (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
424 // Initialization of the fillerArrayKlass must come before regular
425 // int-TypeArrayKlass so that the int-Array mirror points to the
426 // int-TypeArrayKlass.
427 _fillerArrayKlass = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT, "[Ljdk/internal/vm/FillerElement;", CHECK);
428 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
429 _typeArrayKlasses[i] = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass((BasicType)i, CHECK);
430 }
431
432 ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
433
434 _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, nullptr, CHECK);
435 _the_empty_int_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
436 _the_empty_short_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
437 _the_empty_method_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
438 _the_empty_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
439 _the_empty_instance_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<InstanceKlass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
440 }
441
442 vmSymbols::initialize();
443
444 // Initialize table for matching jmethodID, before SystemDictionary.
445 JmethodIDTable::initialize();
446
447 SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
448
449 // Create string constants
450 oop s = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
451 _the_null_string = OopHandle(vm_global(), s);
452 s = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
453 _the_min_jint_string = OopHandle(vm_global(), s);
454
455 #if INCLUDE_CDS
456 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
457 // Verify shared interfaces array.
458 assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
459 vmClasses::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
460 assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
461 vmClasses::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
462 } else
463 #endif
464 {
465 // Set up shared interfaces array. (Do this before supers are set up.)
466 _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, vmClasses::Cloneable_klass());
467 _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, vmClasses::Serializable_klass());
468 }
469
470 _the_array_interfaces_bitmap = Klass::compute_secondary_supers_bitmap(_the_array_interfaces_array);
471 _the_empty_klass_bitmap = Klass::compute_secondary_supers_bitmap(_the_empty_klass_array);
472
473 initialize_basic_type_klass(_fillerArrayKlass, CHECK);
474
475 initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlass(), CHECK);
476 initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlass(), CHECK);
477 initialize_basic_type_klass(floatArrayKlass(), CHECK);
478 initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlass(), CHECK);
479 initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlass(), CHECK);
480 initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlass(), CHECK);
481 initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlass(), CHECK);
482 initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlass(), CHECK);
483
484 assert(_fillerArrayKlass != intArrayKlass(),
485 "Internal filler array klass should be different to int array Klass");
486 } // end of core bootstrapping
487
488 {
489 Handle tns = java_lang_String::create_from_str("<null_sentinel>", CHECK);
490 _the_null_sentinel = OopHandle(vm_global(), tns());
491 }
492
493 // Create a handle for reference_pending_list
494 _reference_pending_list = OopHandle(vm_global(), nullptr);
495
496 // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
497 // during the bootstrapping.
498
499 // OLD
500 // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
501 // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
502 // ---
503 // NEW
504 // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
505 // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
506 // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
507 // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
508 {
509 Klass* oak = vmClasses::Object_klass()->array_klass(CHECK);
510 _objectArrayKlass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(oak);
511 }
512 // OLD
513 // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
514 // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
515 // ---
516 // New
517 // Have already been initialized.
518 _objectArrayKlass->append_to_sibling_list();
519
520 #ifdef ASSERT
521 if (FullGCALot) {
522 // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
523 // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
524 // so that when we free one and then collect,
525 // (almost) the whole heap moves
526 // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
527 // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
528 // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
529 // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
530 int size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
531
532 objArrayOop naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
533 objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
534 int i = 0;
535 while (i < size) {
536 // Allocate dummy in old generation
537 oop dummy = vmClasses::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
538 dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
539 }
540 {
541 // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
542 // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
543 // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
544 MutexLocker ml(THREAD, FullGCALot_lock);
545 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.is_empty()) {
546 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = OopHandle(vm_global(), dummy_array());
547 }
548 }
549 assert(i == ((objArrayOop)_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.resolve())->length(), "just checking");
550 }
551 #endif
552 }
553
554 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
555 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
556 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive() &&
557 ArchiveHeapLoader::is_in_use() &&
558 _basic_type_mirrors[T_INT].resolve() != nullptr) {
559 assert(ArchiveHeapLoader::can_use(), "Sanity");
560
561 // check that all basic type mirrors are mapped also
562 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
563 if (!is_reference_type((BasicType)i)) {
564 oop m = _basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve();
565 assert(m != nullptr, "archived mirrors should not be null");
566 }
567 }
568 } else
569 // _basic_type_mirrors[T_INT], etc, are null if archived heap is not mapped.
570 #endif
571 {
572 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
573 BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
574 if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
575 oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, CHECK);
576 _basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(vm_global(), m);
577 }
578 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i] = -1);
579 }
580 }
581 if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
582 HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(CHECK);
583 }
584 }
585
586 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
587 if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
588 // All mirrors of preloaded classes are already restored. No need to fix up.
589 return;
590 }
591
592 // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
593 // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
594 // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
595 // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
596 assert(vmClasses::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
597 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
598
599 if (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
600 // Cache the start of the static fields
601 InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
602 }
603
604 GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
605 int list_length = list->length();
606 for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
607 Klass* k = list->at(i);
608 assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
609 java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
610 }
611 delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
612 java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(nullptr);
613 }
614
615 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
616 assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
617
618 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
619
620 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
621 if (Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()) {
622 assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
623 } else {
624 assert_pll_ownership();
625 }
626 return _reference_pending_list.resolve();
627 }
628
629 void Universe::clear_reference_pending_list() {
630 assert_pll_ownership();
631 _reference_pending_list.replace(nullptr);
632 }
633
634 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
635 assert_pll_ownership();
636 return _reference_pending_list.peek() != nullptr;
637 }
638
639 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
640 assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
641 return _reference_pending_list.xchg(list);
642 }
643
644 #undef assert_pll_locked
645 #undef assert_pll_ownership
646
647 static void reinitialize_vtables() {
648 // The vtables are initialized by starting at java.lang.Object and
649 // initializing through the subclass links, so that the super
650 // classes are always initialized first.
651 for (ClassHierarchyIterator iter(vmClasses::Object_klass()); !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
652 Klass* sub = iter.klass();
653 sub->vtable().initialize_vtable();
654 }
655 }
656
657 static void reinitialize_itables() {
658
659 class ReinitTableClosure : public KlassClosure {
660 public:
661 void do_klass(Klass* k) {
662 if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
663 InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable().initialize_itable();
664 }
665 }
666 };
667
668 MutexLocker mcld(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
669 ReinitTableClosure cl;
670 ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&cl);
671 }
672
673 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
674 return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
675 }
676
677 // the array of preallocated errors with backtraces
678 objArrayOop Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors() {
679 return (objArrayOop)_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array.resolve();
680 }
681
682 objArrayOop Universe::out_of_memory_errors() { return (objArrayOop)_out_of_memory_errors.resolve(); }
683
684 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_java_heap() {
685 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap));
686 }
687
688 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_java_heap_without_backtrace() {
689 return out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap);
690 }
691
692 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_c_heap() {
693 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_c_heap));
694 }
695
696 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_metaspace() {
697 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_metaspace));
698 }
699
700 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace() {
701 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_class_metaspace));
702 }
703
704 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_array_size() {
705 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_array_size));
706 }
707
708 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit() {
709 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_gc_overhead_limit));
710 }
711
712 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects() {
713 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_realloc_objects));
714 }
715
716 oop Universe::class_init_out_of_memory_error() { return out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap); }
717 oop Universe::class_init_stack_overflow_error() { return _class_init_stack_overflow_error.resolve(); }
718 oop Universe::delayed_stack_overflow_error_message() { return _delayed_stack_overflow_error_message.resolve(); }
719
720
721 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
722 // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
723 // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
724 // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
725 // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
726 // to allocate the backtrace.
727 objArrayOop preallocated_oom = out_of_memory_errors();
728 for (int i = 0; i < _oom_count; i++) {
729 if (throwable() == preallocated_oom->obj_at(i)) {
730 return false;
731 }
732 }
733 return true;
734 }
735
736
737 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
738 // generate an out of memory error:
739 // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
740 // (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
741 // error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
742 // provided by the default error.
743 // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
744 int next;
745 if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
746 vmClasses::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
747 next = (int)AtomicAccess::add(&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count, -1);
748 assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
749 } else {
750 next = -1;
751 }
752 if (next < 0) {
753 // all preallocated errors have been used.
754 // return default
755 return default_err;
756 } else {
757 JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
758 Handle default_err_h(current, default_err);
759 // get the error object at the slot and set set it to null so that the
760 // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
761 Handle exc(current, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
762 assert(exc() != nullptr, "slot has been used already");
763 preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, nullptr);
764
765 // use the message from the default error
766 oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
767 assert(msg != nullptr, "no message");
768 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
769
770 // populate the stack trace and return it.
771 java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
772 return exc();
773 }
774 }
775
776 bool Universe::is_out_of_memory_error_metaspace(oop ex_obj) {
777 return java_lang_Throwable::message(ex_obj) == _msg_metaspace.resolve();
778 }
779
780 bool Universe::is_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace(oop ex_obj) {
781 return java_lang_Throwable::message(ex_obj) == _msg_class_metaspace.resolve();
782 }
783
784 // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
785 void Universe::create_preallocated_out_of_memory_errors(TRAPS) {
786 InstanceKlass* ik = vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass();
787 objArrayOop oa = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, _oom_count, CHECK);
788 objArrayHandle oom_array(THREAD, oa);
789
790 for (int i = 0; i < _oom_count; i++) {
791 oop oom_obj = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK);
792 oom_array->obj_at_put(i, oom_obj);
793 }
794 _out_of_memory_errors = OopHandle(vm_global(), oom_array());
795
796 Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK);
797 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_java_heap), msg());
798
799 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("C heap space", CHECK);
800 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_c_heap), msg());
801
802 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK);
803 _msg_metaspace = OopHandle(vm_global(), msg());
804 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_metaspace), msg());
805
806 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK);
807 _msg_class_metaspace = OopHandle(vm_global(), msg());
808 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_class_metaspace), msg());
809
810 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK);
811 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_array_size), msg());
812
813 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK);
814 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_gc_overhead_limit), msg());
815
816 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK);
817 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_realloc_objects), msg());
818
819 // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
820 int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
821 objArrayOop instance = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK);
822 _preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = OopHandle(vm_global(), instance);
823 objArrayHandle preallocated_oom_array(THREAD, instance);
824
825 for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
826 oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK);
827 Handle err_h(THREAD, err);
828 java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK);
829 preallocated_oom_array->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
830 }
831 _preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
832 }
833
834 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
835
836 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
837 // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
838 // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
839 //
840 // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
841 // the low-order bit. Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
842 // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
843 // word will never look like that of a real oop.
844 //
845 // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
846 // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
847
848 if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
849 _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
850 }
851
852 return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
853 }
854
855 bool Universe::contains_non_oop_word(void* p) {
856 return *(void**)p == non_oop_word();
857 }
858
859 static void initialize_global_behaviours() {
860 DefaultICProtectionBehaviour* protection_behavior = new DefaultICProtectionBehaviour();
861 // Ignore leak of DefaultICProtectionBehaviour. It is overriden by some GC implementations and the
862 // pointer is leaked once.
863 LSAN_IGNORE_OBJECT(protection_behavior);
864 CompiledICProtectionBehaviour::set_current(protection_behavior);
865 }
866
867 jint universe_init() {
868 assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
869 guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
870 "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
871 guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
872 guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
873 "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
874
875 TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
876
877 initialize_global_behaviours();
878
879 GCLogPrecious::initialize();
880
881 // Initialize CPUTimeCounters object, which must be done before creation of the heap.
882 CPUTimeCounters::initialize();
883
884 ObjLayout::initialize();
885
886 #ifdef _LP64
887 AOTMetaspace::adjust_heap_sizes_for_dumping();
888 #endif // _LP64
889
890 GCConfig::arguments()->initialize_heap_sizes();
891
892 jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
893 if (status != JNI_OK) {
894 return status;
895 }
896
897 Universe::initialize_tlab();
898
899 Metaspace::global_initialize();
900
901 // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
902 MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
903
904 // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
905 if (!JVMFlagLimit::check_all_constraints(JVMFlagConstraintPhase::AfterMemoryInit)) {
906 return JNI_EINVAL;
907 }
908
909 #if INCLUDE_CDS
910 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
911 // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
912 // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.)
913 AOTMetaspace::initialize_shared_spaces();
914 }
915 #endif
916
917 ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
918
919 #if INCLUDE_CDS
920 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
921 if (CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph()) {
922 ClassLoaderDataShared::restore_archived_entries_for_null_class_loader_data();
923 }
924 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
925 if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
926 CDSConfig::prepare_for_dumping();
927 }
928 #endif
929
930 SymbolTable::create_table();
931 StringTable::create_table();
932
933 if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
934 Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
935 }
936
937 ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
938
939 return JNI_OK;
940 }
941
942 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
943 assert(_collectedHeap == nullptr, "Heap already created");
944 _collectedHeap = GCConfig::arguments()->create_heap();
945
946 log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
947 return _collectedHeap->initialize();
948 }
949
950 void Universe::initialize_tlab() {
951 ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
952 PLAB::startup_initialization();
953 if (UseTLAB) {
954 ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
955 }
956 }
957
958 ReservedHeapSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
959
960 assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
961 "actual alignment %zu must be within maximum heap alignment %zu",
962 alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
963 assert(is_aligned(heap_size, alignment), "precondition");
964
965 size_t total_reserved = heap_size;
966 assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
967 "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
968
969 size_t page_size = os::vm_page_size();
970 if (UseLargePages && is_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size())) {
971 page_size = os::large_page_size();
972 } else {
973 // Parallel is the only collector that might opt out of using large pages
974 // for the heap.
975 assert(!UseLargePages || UseParallelGC , "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
976 }
977
978 // Now create the space.
979 ReservedHeapSpace rhs = HeapReserver::reserve(total_reserved, alignment, page_size, AllocateHeapAt);
980
981 if (!rhs.is_reserved()) {
982 vm_exit_during_initialization(
983 err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for %zu KB object heap",
984 total_reserved/K));
985 }
986
987 assert(total_reserved == rhs.size(), "must be exactly of required size");
988 assert(is_aligned(rhs.base(),alignment),"must be exactly of required alignment");
989
990 assert(markWord::encode_pointer_as_mark(rhs.base()).decode_pointer() == rhs.base(),
991 "area must be distinguishable from marks for mark-sweep");
992 assert(markWord::encode_pointer_as_mark(&rhs.base()[rhs.size()]).decode_pointer() ==
993 &rhs.base()[rhs.size()],
994 "area must be distinguishable from marks for mark-sweep");
995
996 // We are good.
997
998 if (AllocateHeapAt != nullptr) {
999 log_info(gc,heap)("Successfully allocated Java heap at location %s", AllocateHeapAt);
1000 }
1001
1002 if (UseCompressedOops) {
1003 CompressedOops::initialize(rhs);
1004 }
1005
1006 Universe::calculate_verify_data((HeapWord*)rhs.base(), (HeapWord*)rhs.end());
1007
1008 return rhs;
1009 }
1010
1011 OopStorage* Universe::vm_weak() {
1012 return Universe::_vm_weak;
1013 }
1014
1015 OopStorage* Universe::vm_global() {
1016 return Universe::_vm_global;
1017 }
1018
1019 void Universe::oopstorage_init() {
1020 Universe::_vm_global = OopStorageSet::create_strong("VM Global", mtInternal);
1021 Universe::_vm_weak = OopStorageSet::create_weak("VM Weak", mtInternal);
1022 }
1023
1024 void universe_oopstorage_init() {
1025 Universe::oopstorage_init();
1026 }
1027
1028 void LatestMethodCache::init(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik,
1029 const char* method, Symbol* signature, bool is_static)
1030 {
1031 TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method);
1032 Method* m = nullptr;
1033 // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
1034 if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(current) ||
1035 ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == nullptr) ||
1036 is_static != m->is_static()) {
1037 ResourceMark rm(current);
1038 // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
1039 // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
1040 vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
1041 ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
1042 }
1043
1044 _klass = ik;
1045 _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1046 assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1047 }
1048
1049 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1050 if (_klass == nullptr) {
1051 return nullptr;
1052 } else {
1053 Method* m = _klass->method_with_idnum(_method_idnum);
1054 assert(m != nullptr, "sanity check");
1055 return m;
1056 }
1057 }
1058
1059 Method* Universe::finalizer_register_method() { return _finalizer_register_cache.get_method(); }
1060 Method* Universe::loader_addClass_method() { return _loader_addClass_cache.get_method(); }
1061 Method* Universe::throw_illegal_access_error() { return _throw_illegal_access_error_cache.get_method(); }
1062 Method* Universe::throw_no_such_method_error() { return _throw_no_such_method_error_cache.get_method(); }
1063 Method* Universe::do_stack_walk_method() { return _do_stack_walk_cache.get_method(); }
1064
1065 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(JavaThread* current) {
1066 // Set up static method for registering finalizers
1067 _finalizer_register_cache.init(current,
1068 vmClasses::Finalizer_klass(),
1069 "register",
1070 vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true);
1071
1072 _throw_illegal_access_error_cache.init(current,
1073 vmClasses::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
1074 "throwIllegalAccessError",
1075 vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true);
1076
1077 _throw_no_such_method_error_cache.init(current,
1078 vmClasses::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
1079 "throwNoSuchMethodError",
1080 vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true);
1081
1082 // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
1083 _loader_addClass_cache.init(current,
1084 vmClasses::ClassLoader_klass(),
1085 "addClass",
1086 vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false);
1087
1088 // Set up method for stack walking
1089 _do_stack_walk_cache.init(current,
1090 vmClasses::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
1091 "doStackWalk",
1092 vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false);
1093 }
1094
1095 void universe2_init() {
1096 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1097 Universe::genesis(CATCH);
1098 }
1099
1100 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
1101 void universe_post_module_init() {
1102 Universe::_module_initialized = true;
1103 }
1104
1105 bool universe_post_init() {
1106 assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
1107 Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
1108 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1109 if (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
1110 reinitialize_vtables();
1111 reinitialize_itables();
1112 }
1113
1114 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1115 // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array for Method reflection.
1116
1117 objArrayOop the_empty_class_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
1118 Universe::_the_empty_class_array = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), the_empty_class_array);
1119
1120 // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
1121 Universe::create_preallocated_out_of_memory_errors(CHECK_false);
1122
1123 oop instance;
1124 // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
1125 if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
1126 instance = java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
1127 Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1128 }
1129
1130 // Setup preallocated exceptions used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling
1131 _null_ptr_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), CHECK_false);
1132 _arithmetic_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), CHECK_false);
1133 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), CHECK_false);
1134 _array_store_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException(), CHECK_false);
1135 _class_cast_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException(), CHECK_false);
1136
1137 // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1138 Klass* k = vmClasses::InternalError_klass();
1139 bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1140 if (!linked) {
1141 tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify InternalError class");
1142 return false; // initialization failed
1143 }
1144 _internal_error.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), CHECK_false);
1145
1146 Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1147 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::arithmetic_exception_instance(), msg());
1148
1149 // Setup preallocated StackOverflowError for use with class initialization failure
1150 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_StackOverflowError(), true, CHECK_false);
1151 instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1152 Universe::_class_init_stack_overflow_error = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1153
1154 Universe::initialize_known_methods(THREAD);
1155
1156 // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1157 // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1158 {
1159 MutexLocker x(THREAD, Heap_lock);
1160 Universe::heap()->update_capacity_and_used_at_gc();
1161 }
1162
1163 // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1164 Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1165
1166 MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1167
1168 MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1169 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1170 AOTMetaspace::post_initialize(CHECK_false);
1171 #endif
1172 return true;
1173 }
1174
1175
1176 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1177 _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1178 }
1179
1180 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1181 GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1182 st->print_cr("Heap");
1183
1184 StreamIndentor si(st, 1);
1185 heap()->print_heap_on(st);
1186 MetaspaceUtils::print_on(st);
1187 }
1188
1189 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1190 if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1191 print_on(tty);
1192 tty->cr();
1193 tty->flush();
1194 }
1195 }
1196
1197 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1198 verify_flags = 0;
1199 const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1200
1201 size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1202 char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1203 strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1204 char* save_ptr;
1205
1206 char* token = strtok_r(subset_list, delimiter, &save_ptr);
1207 while (token != nullptr) {
1208 if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1209 verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1210 } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1211 verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1212 } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1213 verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1214 } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1215 verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1216 } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1217 verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1218 } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1219 verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1220 } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1221 verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1222 } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1223 verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceUtils;
1224 } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1225 verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1226 } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1227 verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1228 } else if (strcmp(token, "resolved_method_table") == 0) {
1229 verify_flags |= Verify_ResolvedMethodTable;
1230 } else if (strcmp(token, "stringdedup") == 0) {
1231 verify_flags |= Verify_StringDedup;
1232 } else {
1233 vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1234 }
1235 token = strtok_r(nullptr, delimiter, &save_ptr);
1236 }
1237 FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1238 }
1239
1240 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1241 if (verify_flags & subset) {
1242 return true;
1243 }
1244 return false;
1245 }
1246
1247 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1248 COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1249 assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1250 "DPT should not be active during verification "
1251 "(of thread stacks below)");
1252 )
1253
1254 Thread* thread = Thread::current();
1255 ResourceMark rm(thread);
1256 HandleMark hm(thread); // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1257 _verify_count++;
1258
1259 FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1260 GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1261 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1262 log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1263 Threads::verify();
1264 }
1265 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1266 log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1267 heap()->verify(option);
1268 }
1269 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1270 log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1271 SymbolTable::verify();
1272 }
1273 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1274 log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1275 StringTable::verify();
1276 }
1277 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1278 log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1279 CodeCache::verify();
1280 }
1281 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1282 log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1283 SystemDictionary::verify();
1284 }
1285 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1286 log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1287 ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1288 }
1289 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceUtils)) {
1290 log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceUtils");
1291 DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
1292 }
1293 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1294 log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1295 JNIHandles::verify();
1296 }
1297 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1298 log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1299 CodeCache::verify_oops();
1300 }
1301 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ResolvedMethodTable)) {
1302 log_debug(gc, verify)("ResolvedMethodTable Oops");
1303 ResolvedMethodTable::verify();
1304 }
1305 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringDedup)) {
1306 log_debug(gc, verify)("String Deduplication");
1307 StringDedup::verify();
1308 }
1309 }
1310
1311 static void log_cpu_time() {
1312 LogTarget(Info, cpu) cpuLog;
1313 if (!cpuLog.is_enabled()) {
1314 return;
1315 }
1316
1317 const double process_cpu_time = os::elapsed_process_cpu_time();
1318 if (process_cpu_time == 0 || process_cpu_time == -1) {
1319 // 0 can happen e.g. for short running processes with
1320 // low CPU utilization
1321 return;
1322 }
1323
1324 const double gc_threads_cpu_time = (double) CPUTimeUsage::GC::gc_threads() / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
1325 const double gc_vm_thread_cpu_time = (double) CPUTimeUsage::GC::vm_thread() / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
1326 const double gc_string_dedup_cpu_time = (double) CPUTimeUsage::GC::stringdedup() / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
1327 const double gc_cpu_time = (double) gc_threads_cpu_time + gc_vm_thread_cpu_time + gc_string_dedup_cpu_time;
1328
1329 const double elasped_time = os::elapsedTime();
1330 const bool has_error = CPUTimeUsage::Error::has_error();
1331
1332 if (gc_cpu_time < process_cpu_time) {
1333 cpuLog.print("=== CPU time Statistics =============================================================");
1334 if (has_error) {
1335 cpuLog.print("WARNING: CPU time sampling reported errors, numbers may be unreliable");
1336 }
1337 cpuLog.print(" CPUs");
1338 cpuLog.print(" s %% utilized");
1339 cpuLog.print(" Process");
1340 cpuLog.print(" Total %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", process_cpu_time, 100.0, process_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1341 cpuLog.print(" Garbage Collection %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1342 cpuLog.print(" GC Threads %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_threads_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_threads_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_threads_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1343 cpuLog.print(" VM Thread %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_vm_thread_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_vm_thread_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_vm_thread_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1344
1345 if (UseStringDeduplication) {
1346 cpuLog.print(" String Deduplication %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_string_dedup_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_string_dedup_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_string_dedup_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1347 }
1348 cpuLog.print("=====================================================================================");
1349 }
1350 }
1351
1352 void Universe::before_exit() {
1353 {
1354 // Acquire the Heap_lock to synchronize with VM_Heap_Sync_Operations,
1355 // which may depend on the value of _is_shutting_down flag.
1356 MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1357 log_cpu_time();
1358 AtomicAccess::release_store(&_is_shutting_down, true);
1359 }
1360
1361 heap()->before_exit();
1362
1363 // Print GC/heap related information.
1364 Log(gc, exit) log;
1365 if (log.is_info()) {
1366 LogStream ls_info(log.info());
1367 Universe::print_on(&ls_info);
1368 if (log.is_trace()) {
1369 LogStream ls_trace(log.trace());
1370 MutexLocker mcld(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
1371 ClassLoaderDataGraph::print_on(&ls_trace);
1372 }
1373 }
1374 }
1375
1376 #ifndef PRODUCT
1377 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1378 assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1379
1380 // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1381 size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1382 size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1383
1384 // make an inclusive limit:
1385 uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1386 uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1387 assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1388 uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1389
1390 // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1391 uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1392 while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1393 mask <<= 1;
1394 uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1395 assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1396 // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1397 assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1398
1399 // require address alignment, too:
1400 mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1401
1402 if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1403 assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1404 }
1405 _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1406 _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1407 }
1408
1409 void Universe::set_verify_data(uintptr_t mask, uintptr_t bits) {
1410 _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1411 _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1412 }
1413
1414 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1415
1416 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1417 return _verify_oop_mask;
1418 }
1419
1420 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1421 return _verify_oop_bits;
1422 }
1423
1424 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1425 return markWord::lock_mask_in_place;
1426 }
1427
1428 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1429 intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1430 intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markWord::prototype().value();
1431 assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1432 return bits;
1433 }
1434 #endif // PRODUCT
1435
1436 #ifdef ASSERT
1437 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1438 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1439 MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1440 objArrayOop fullgc_alot_dummy_array = (objArrayOop)_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.resolve();
1441 if (fullgc_alot_dummy_array != nullptr) {
1442 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1443 // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1444 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array.release(Universe::vm_global());
1445 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = OopHandle(); // null out OopStorage pointer.
1446 return false;
1447 }
1448
1449 // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1450 fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, nullptr);
1451 }
1452 return true;
1453 }
1454
1455 bool Universe::is_stw_gc_active() {
1456 return heap()->is_stw_gc_active();
1457 }
1458
1459 bool Universe::is_in_heap(const void* p) {
1460 return heap()->is_in(p);
1461 }
1462
1463 #endif // ASSERT