1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
8 *
9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
13 * accompanied this code).
14 *
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
18 *
19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
21 * questions.
22 *
23 */
24
25 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
26 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
27 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
28 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
29 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
30 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
31 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp"
32 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
34 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
35 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
38 #include "code/codeBehaviours.hpp"
39 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
40 #include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
41 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
42 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
43 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
44 #include "gc/shared/gcLogPrecious.hpp"
45 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
46 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.hpp"
47 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
48 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
49 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
50 #include "logging/log.hpp"
51 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
52 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
53 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
54 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
55 #include "memory/metaspaceCounters.hpp"
56 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
57 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
58 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
59 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
60 #include "oops/compressedOops.hpp"
61 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
62 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
63 #include "oops/jmethodIDTable.hpp"
64 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
65 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
66 #include "oops/objLayout.hpp"
67 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
68 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
69 #include "oops/trainingData.hpp"
70 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
71 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
72 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
73 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
74 #include "runtime/cpuTimeCounters.hpp"
75 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
76 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
77 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
78 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
79 #include "runtime/javaThread.hpp"
80 #include "runtime/jniHandles.hpp"
81 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
82 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
83 #include "sanitizers/leak.hpp"
84 #include "services/cpuTimeUsage.hpp"
85 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
86 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
87 #include "utilities/autoRestore.hpp"
88 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
89 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
90 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
91 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
92 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
93 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
94
95 // A helper class for caching a Method* when the user of the cache
96 // only cares about the latest version of the Method*. This cache safely
97 // interacts with the RedefineClasses API.
98 class LatestMethodCache {
99 // We save the InstanceKlass* and the idnum of Method* in order to get
100 // the current Method*.
101 InstanceKlass* _klass;
102 int _method_idnum;
103
104 public:
105 LatestMethodCache() { _klass = nullptr; _method_idnum = -1; }
106
107 void init(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik, const char* method,
108 Symbol* signature, bool is_static);
109 Method* get_method();
110 };
111
112 static LatestMethodCache _finalizer_register_cache; // Finalizer.register()
113 static LatestMethodCache _loader_addClass_cache; // ClassLoader.addClass()
114 static LatestMethodCache _throw_illegal_access_error_cache; // Unsafe.throwIllegalAccessError()
115 static LatestMethodCache _throw_no_such_method_error_cache; // Unsafe.throwNoSuchMethodError()
116 static LatestMethodCache _do_stack_walk_cache; // AbstractStackWalker.doStackWalk()
117
118 // Known objects
119 TypeArrayKlass* Universe::_typeArrayKlasses[T_LONG+1] = { nullptr /*, nullptr...*/ };
120 ObjArrayKlass* Universe::_objectArrayKlass = nullptr;
121 Klass* Universe::_fillerArrayKlass = nullptr;
122 OopHandle Universe::_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
123 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
124 int Universe::_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[T_VOID+1];
125 #endif
126
127 OopHandle Universe::_main_thread_group;
128 OopHandle Universe::_system_thread_group;
129 OopHandle Universe::_the_empty_class_array;
130 OopHandle Universe::_the_null_string;
131 OopHandle Universe::_the_min_jint_string;
132
133 OopHandle Universe::_the_null_sentinel;
134
135 // _out_of_memory_errors is an objArray
136 enum OutOfMemoryInstance { _oom_java_heap,
137 _oom_c_heap,
138 _oom_metaspace,
139 _oom_class_metaspace,
140 _oom_array_size,
141 _oom_gc_overhead_limit,
142 _oom_realloc_objects,
143 _oom_count };
144
145 OopHandle Universe::_out_of_memory_errors;
146 OopHandle Universe:: _class_init_stack_overflow_error;
147 OopHandle Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message;
148 OopHandle Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array;
149 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
150
151 // Message details for OOME objects, preallocate these objects since they could be
152 // used when throwing OOME, we should try to avoid further allocation in such case
153 OopHandle Universe::_msg_metaspace;
154 OopHandle Universe::_msg_class_metaspace;
155
156 OopHandle Universe::_reference_pending_list;
157
158 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = nullptr;
159
160 long Universe::verify_flags = Universe::Verify_All;
161
162 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array = nullptr;
163 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array = nullptr;
164 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array = nullptr;
165 Array<InstanceKlass*>* Universe::_the_empty_instance_klass_array = nullptr;
166 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array = nullptr;
167
168 uintx Universe::_the_array_interfaces_bitmap = 0;
169 uintx Universe::_the_empty_klass_bitmap = 0;
170
171 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
172 DEBUG_ONLY(OopHandle Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array;)
173 DEBUG_ONLY(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next = 0;)
174
175 // Heap
176 int Universe::_verify_count = 0;
177
178 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
179 uintptr_t Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
180 uintptr_t Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
181
182 int Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
183 bool Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
184 bool Universe::_module_initialized = false;
185 bool Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
186 volatile bool Universe::_is_shutting_down = false;
187
188 OopStorage* Universe::_vm_weak = nullptr;
189 OopStorage* Universe::_vm_global = nullptr;
190
191 CollectedHeap* Universe::_collectedHeap = nullptr;
192
193 // These are the exceptions that are always created and are guatanteed to exist.
194 // If possible, they can be stored as CDS archived objects to speed up AOT code.
195 class BuiltinException {
196 OopHandle _instance;
197 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(int _archived_root_index;)
198
199 public:
200 BuiltinException() : _instance() {
201 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(_archived_root_index = 0);
202 }
203
204 void init_if_empty(Symbol* symbol, TRAPS) {
205 if (_instance.is_empty()) {
206 Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(symbol, true, CHECK);
207 oop obj = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK);
208 _instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
209 }
210 }
211
212 oop instance() {
213 return _instance.resolve();
214 }
215
216 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
217 void store_in_cds() {
218 _archived_root_index = HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(instance());
219 }
220
221 void load_from_cds() {
222 if (_archived_root_index >= 0) {
223 oop obj = HeapShared::get_root(_archived_root_index);
224 assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
225 _instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
226 }
227 }
228
229 void serialize(SerializeClosure *f) {
230 f->do_int(&_archived_root_index);
231 }
232 #endif
233 };
234
235 static BuiltinException _null_ptr_exception;
236 static BuiltinException _arithmetic_exception;
237 static BuiltinException _internal_error;
238 static BuiltinException _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception;
239 static BuiltinException _array_store_exception;
240 static BuiltinException _class_cast_exception;
241 static BuiltinException _preempted_exception;
242
243 objArrayOop Universe::the_empty_class_array () {
244 return (objArrayOop)_the_empty_class_array.resolve();
245 }
246
247 oop Universe::main_thread_group() { return _main_thread_group.resolve(); }
248 void Universe::set_main_thread_group(oop group) { _main_thread_group = OopHandle(vm_global(), group); }
249
250 oop Universe::system_thread_group() { return _system_thread_group.resolve(); }
251 void Universe::set_system_thread_group(oop group) { _system_thread_group = OopHandle(vm_global(), group); }
252
253 oop Universe::the_null_string() { return _the_null_string.resolve(); }
254 oop Universe::the_min_jint_string() { return _the_min_jint_string.resolve(); }
255
256 oop Universe::null_ptr_exception_instance() { return _null_ptr_exception.instance(); }
257 oop Universe::arithmetic_exception_instance() { return _arithmetic_exception.instance(); }
258 oop Universe::internal_error_instance() { return _internal_error.instance(); }
259 oop Universe::array_index_out_of_bounds_exception_instance() { return _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.instance(); }
260 oop Universe::array_store_exception_instance() { return _array_store_exception.instance(); }
261 oop Universe::class_cast_exception_instance() { return _class_cast_exception.instance(); }
262 oop Universe::preempted_exception_instance() { return _preempted_exception.instance(); }
263
264 oop Universe::the_null_sentinel() { return _the_null_sentinel.resolve(); }
265
266 oop Universe::int_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_INT].resolve()); }
267 oop Universe::float_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_FLOAT].resolve()); }
268 oop Universe::double_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_DOUBLE].resolve()); }
269 oop Universe::byte_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_BYTE].resolve()); }
270 oop Universe::bool_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_BOOLEAN].resolve()); }
271 oop Universe::char_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_CHAR].resolve()); }
272 oop Universe::long_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_LONG].resolve()); }
273 oop Universe::short_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_SHORT].resolve()); }
274 oop Universe::void_mirror() { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID].resolve()); }
275
276 oop Universe::java_mirror(BasicType t) {
277 assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
278 assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
279 return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve());
280 }
281
282 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(KlassClosure *closure) {
283 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
284 closure->do_klass(_typeArrayKlasses[i]);
285 }
286 // We don't do the following because it will confuse JVMTI.
287 // _fillerArrayKlass is used only by GC, which doesn't need to see
288 // this klass from basic_type_classes_do().
289 //
290 // closure->do_klass(_fillerArrayKlass);
291 }
292
293 void Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
294 it->push(&_fillerArrayKlass);
295 for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
296 it->push(&_typeArrayKlasses[i]);
297 }
298 it->push(&_objectArrayKlass);
299
300 it->push(&_the_empty_int_array);
301 it->push(&_the_empty_short_array);
302 it->push(&_the_empty_klass_array);
303 it->push(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
304 it->push(&_the_empty_method_array);
305 it->push(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
306 }
307
308 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
309 void Universe::set_archived_basic_type_mirror_index(BasicType t, int index) {
310 assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "sanity");
311 assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
312 _archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[t] = index;
313 }
314
315 void Universe::archive_exception_instances() {
316 _null_ptr_exception.store_in_cds();
317 _arithmetic_exception.store_in_cds();
318 _internal_error.store_in_cds();
319 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.store_in_cds();
320 _array_store_exception.store_in_cds();
321 _class_cast_exception.store_in_cds();
322 _preempted_exception.store_in_cds();
323 }
324
325 void Universe::load_archived_object_instances() {
326 if (HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
327 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
328 int index = _archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i];
329 if (!is_reference_type((BasicType)i) && index >= 0) {
330 oop mirror_oop = HeapShared::get_root(index);
331 assert(mirror_oop != nullptr, "must be");
332 _basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(vm_global(), mirror_oop);
333 }
334 }
335
336 _null_ptr_exception.load_from_cds();
337 _arithmetic_exception.load_from_cds();
338 _internal_error.load_from_cds();
339 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.load_from_cds();
340 _array_store_exception.load_from_cds();
341 _class_cast_exception.load_from_cds();
342 _preempted_exception.load_from_cds();
343 }
344 }
345 #endif
346
347 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f) {
348
349 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
350 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
351 f->do_int(&_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i]);
352 // if f->reading(): We can't call HeapShared::get_root() yet, as the heap
353 // contents may need to be relocated. _basic_type_mirrors[i] will be
354 // updated later in Universe::load_archived_object_instances().
355 }
356 _null_ptr_exception.serialize(f);
357 _arithmetic_exception.serialize(f);
358 _internal_error.serialize(f);
359 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.serialize(f);
360 _array_store_exception.serialize(f);
361 _class_cast_exception.serialize(f);
362 _preempted_exception.serialize(f);
363 #endif
364
365 f->do_ptr(&_fillerArrayKlass);
366 for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
367 f->do_ptr(&_typeArrayKlasses[i]);
368 }
369
370 f->do_ptr(&_objectArrayKlass);
371 f->do_ptr(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
372 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_int_array);
373 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_short_array);
374 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_method_array);
375 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_klass_array);
376 f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
377 }
378
379
380 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
381 if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
382 vm_exit_during_initialization(
383 err_msg("Size of %s (%zu bytes) must be aligned to %zu bytes", name, size, alignment));
384 }
385 }
386
387 static void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
388 Klass* ok = vmClasses::Object_klass();
389 #if INCLUDE_CDS
390 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
391 ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
392 assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
393 if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
394 InstanceKlass::cast(k)->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), nullptr, CHECK);
395 } else {
396 ArrayKlass::cast(k)->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
397 }
398 } else
399 #endif
400 {
401 k->initialize_supers(ok, nullptr, CHECK);
402 }
403 k->append_to_sibling_list();
404 }
405
406 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
407 ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
408 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
409
410 // Explicit null checks are needed if these offsets are not smaller than the page size
411 if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
412 assert(oopDesc::mark_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
413 "Mark offset is expected to be less than the page size");
414 } else {
415 assert(oopDesc::klass_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
416 "Klass offset is expected to be less than the page size");
417 }
418 assert(arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
419 "Array length offset is expected to be less than the page size");
420
421 { AutoModifyRestore<bool> temporarily(_bootstrapping, true);
422
423 java_lang_Class::allocate_fixup_lists();
424
425 // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
426 compute_base_vtable_size();
427
428 if (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
429 // Initialization of the fillerArrayKlass must come before regular
430 // int-TypeArrayKlass so that the int-Array mirror points to the
431 // int-TypeArrayKlass.
432 _fillerArrayKlass = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT, "[Ljdk/internal/vm/FillerElement;", CHECK);
433 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
434 _typeArrayKlasses[i] = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass((BasicType)i, CHECK);
435 }
436
437 ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
438
439 _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, nullptr, CHECK);
440 _the_empty_int_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
441 _the_empty_short_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
442 _the_empty_method_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
443 _the_empty_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
444 _the_empty_instance_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<InstanceKlass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
445 }
446
447 vmSymbols::initialize();
448
449 // Initialize table for matching jmethodID, before SystemDictionary.
450 JmethodIDTable::initialize();
451
452 SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
453
454 // Create string constants
455 oop s = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
456 _the_null_string = OopHandle(vm_global(), s);
457 s = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
458 _the_min_jint_string = OopHandle(vm_global(), s);
459
460 #if INCLUDE_CDS
461 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
462 // Verify shared interfaces array.
463 assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
464 vmClasses::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
465 assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
466 vmClasses::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
467 } else
468 #endif
469 {
470 // Set up shared interfaces array. (Do this before supers are set up.)
471 _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, vmClasses::Cloneable_klass());
472 _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, vmClasses::Serializable_klass());
473 }
474
475 _the_array_interfaces_bitmap = Klass::compute_secondary_supers_bitmap(_the_array_interfaces_array);
476 _the_empty_klass_bitmap = Klass::compute_secondary_supers_bitmap(_the_empty_klass_array);
477
478 initialize_basic_type_klass(_fillerArrayKlass, CHECK);
479
480 initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlass(), CHECK);
481 initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlass(), CHECK);
482 initialize_basic_type_klass(floatArrayKlass(), CHECK);
483 initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlass(), CHECK);
484 initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlass(), CHECK);
485 initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlass(), CHECK);
486 initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlass(), CHECK);
487 initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlass(), CHECK);
488
489 assert(_fillerArrayKlass != intArrayKlass(),
490 "Internal filler array klass should be different to int array Klass");
491 } // end of core bootstrapping
492
493 {
494 Handle tns = java_lang_String::create_from_str("<null_sentinel>", CHECK);
495 _the_null_sentinel = OopHandle(vm_global(), tns());
496 }
497
498 // Create a handle for reference_pending_list
499 _reference_pending_list = OopHandle(vm_global(), nullptr);
500
501 // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
502 // during the bootstrapping.
503
504 // OLD
505 // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
506 // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
507 // ---
508 // NEW
509 // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
510 // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
511 // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
512 // for Object_klass_is_loaded in ObjArrayKlass::allocate_objArray_klass.
513 {
514 Klass* oak = vmClasses::Object_klass()->array_klass(CHECK);
515 _objectArrayKlass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(oak);
516 }
517 // OLD
518 // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
519 // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
520 // ---
521 // New
522 // Have already been initialized.
523 _objectArrayKlass->append_to_sibling_list();
524
525 #ifdef ASSERT
526 if (FullGCALot) {
527 // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
528 // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
529 // so that when we free one and then collect,
530 // (almost) the whole heap moves
531 // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
532 // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
533 // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
534 // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
535 int size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
536
537 objArrayOop naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
538 objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
539 int i = 0;
540 while (i < size) {
541 // Allocate dummy in old generation
542 oop dummy = vmClasses::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
543 dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
544 }
545 {
546 // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
547 // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
548 // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
549 MutexLocker ml(THREAD, FullGCALot_lock);
550 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.is_empty()) {
551 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = OopHandle(vm_global(), dummy_array());
552 }
553 }
554 assert(i == ((objArrayOop)_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.resolve())->length(), "just checking");
555 }
556 #endif
557 }
558
559 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
560 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
561 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive() &&
562 HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() &&
563 _basic_type_mirrors[T_INT].resolve() != nullptr) {
564 // check that all basic type mirrors are mapped also
565 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
566 if (!is_reference_type((BasicType)i)) {
567 oop m = _basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve();
568 assert(m != nullptr, "archived mirrors should not be null");
569 }
570 }
571 } else
572 // _basic_type_mirrors[T_INT], etc, are null if not using an archived heap
573 #endif
574 {
575 for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
576 BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
577 if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
578 oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, CHECK);
579 _basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(vm_global(), m);
580 }
581 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i] = -1);
582 }
583 }
584 if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
585 HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(CHECK);
586 }
587 }
588
589 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
590 if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
591 // All mirrors of preloaded classes are already restored. No need to fix up.
592 return;
593 }
594
595 // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
596 // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
597 // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
598 // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
599 assert(vmClasses::Class_klass_is_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
600 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
601
602 if (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
603 // Cache the start of the static fields
604 InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
605 }
606
607 GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
608 int list_length = list->length();
609 for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
610 Klass* k = list->at(i);
611 assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
612 java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
613 }
614 delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
615 java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(nullptr);
616 }
617
618 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
619 assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
620
621 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
622
623 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
624 if (Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()) {
625 assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
626 } else {
627 assert_pll_ownership();
628 }
629 return _reference_pending_list.resolve();
630 }
631
632 void Universe::clear_reference_pending_list() {
633 assert_pll_ownership();
634 _reference_pending_list.replace(nullptr);
635 }
636
637 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
638 assert_pll_ownership();
639 return _reference_pending_list.peek() != nullptr;
640 }
641
642 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
643 assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
644 return _reference_pending_list.xchg(list);
645 }
646
647 #undef assert_pll_locked
648 #undef assert_pll_ownership
649
650 static void reinitialize_vtables() {
651 // The vtables are initialized by starting at java.lang.Object and
652 // initializing through the subclass links, so that the super
653 // classes are always initialized first.
654 for (ClassHierarchyIterator iter(vmClasses::Object_klass()); !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
655 Klass* sub = iter.klass();
656 sub->vtable().initialize_vtable();
657 }
658 }
659
660 static void reinitialize_itables() {
661
662 class ReinitTableClosure : public KlassClosure {
663 public:
664 void do_klass(Klass* k) {
665 if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
666 InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable().initialize_itable();
667 }
668 }
669 };
670
671 MutexLocker mcld(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
672 ReinitTableClosure cl;
673 ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&cl);
674 }
675
676 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
677 return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
678 }
679
680 // the array of preallocated errors with backtraces
681 objArrayOop Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors() {
682 return (objArrayOop)_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array.resolve();
683 }
684
685 objArrayOop Universe::out_of_memory_errors() { return (objArrayOop)_out_of_memory_errors.resolve(); }
686
687 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_java_heap() {
688 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap));
689 }
690
691 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_java_heap_without_backtrace() {
692 return out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap);
693 }
694
695 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_c_heap() {
696 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_c_heap));
697 }
698
699 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_metaspace() {
700 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_metaspace));
701 }
702
703 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace() {
704 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_class_metaspace));
705 }
706
707 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_array_size() {
708 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_array_size));
709 }
710
711 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit() {
712 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_gc_overhead_limit));
713 }
714
715 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects() {
716 return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_realloc_objects));
717 }
718
719 oop Universe::class_init_out_of_memory_error() { return out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap); }
720 oop Universe::class_init_stack_overflow_error() { return _class_init_stack_overflow_error.resolve(); }
721 oop Universe::delayed_stack_overflow_error_message() { return _delayed_stack_overflow_error_message.resolve(); }
722
723
724 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
725 // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
726 // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
727 // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
728 // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
729 // to allocate the backtrace.
730 objArrayOop preallocated_oom = out_of_memory_errors();
731 for (int i = 0; i < _oom_count; i++) {
732 if (throwable() == preallocated_oom->obj_at(i)) {
733 return false;
734 }
735 }
736 return true;
737 }
738
739
740 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
741 // generate an out of memory error:
742 // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
743 // (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
744 // error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
745 // provided by the default error.
746 // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
747 int next;
748 if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
749 vmClasses::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
750 next = (int)AtomicAccess::add(&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count, -1);
751 assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
752 } else {
753 next = -1;
754 }
755 if (next < 0) {
756 // all preallocated errors have been used.
757 // return default
758 return default_err;
759 } else {
760 JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
761 Handle default_err_h(current, default_err);
762 // get the error object at the slot and set set it to null so that the
763 // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
764 Handle exc(current, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
765 assert(exc() != nullptr, "slot has been used already");
766 preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, nullptr);
767
768 // use the message from the default error
769 oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
770 assert(msg != nullptr, "no message");
771 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
772
773 // populate the stack trace and return it.
774 java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
775 return exc();
776 }
777 }
778
779 bool Universe::is_out_of_memory_error_metaspace(oop ex_obj) {
780 return java_lang_Throwable::message(ex_obj) == _msg_metaspace.resolve();
781 }
782
783 bool Universe::is_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace(oop ex_obj) {
784 return java_lang_Throwable::message(ex_obj) == _msg_class_metaspace.resolve();
785 }
786
787 // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
788 void Universe::create_preallocated_out_of_memory_errors(TRAPS) {
789 InstanceKlass* ik = vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass();
790 objArrayOop oa = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, _oom_count, CHECK);
791 objArrayHandle oom_array(THREAD, oa);
792
793 for (int i = 0; i < _oom_count; i++) {
794 oop oom_obj = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK);
795 oom_array->obj_at_put(i, oom_obj);
796 }
797 _out_of_memory_errors = OopHandle(vm_global(), oom_array());
798
799 Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK);
800 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_java_heap), msg());
801
802 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("C heap space", CHECK);
803 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_c_heap), msg());
804
805 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK);
806 _msg_metaspace = OopHandle(vm_global(), msg());
807 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_metaspace), msg());
808
809 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK);
810 _msg_class_metaspace = OopHandle(vm_global(), msg());
811 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_class_metaspace), msg());
812
813 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK);
814 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_array_size), msg());
815
816 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK);
817 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_gc_overhead_limit), msg());
818
819 msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK);
820 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_realloc_objects), msg());
821
822 // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
823 int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
824 objArrayOop instance = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK);
825 _preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = OopHandle(vm_global(), instance);
826 objArrayHandle preallocated_oom_array(THREAD, instance);
827
828 for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
829 oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK);
830 Handle err_h(THREAD, err);
831 java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK);
832 preallocated_oom_array->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
833 }
834 _preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
835 }
836
837 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
838
839 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
840 // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
841 // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
842 //
843 // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
844 // the low-order bit. Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
845 // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
846 // word will never look like that of a real oop.
847 //
848 // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
849 // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
850
851 if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
852 _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
853 }
854
855 return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
856 }
857
858 bool Universe::contains_non_oop_word(void* p) {
859 return *(void**)p == non_oop_word();
860 }
861
862 static void initialize_global_behaviours() {
863 DefaultICProtectionBehaviour* protection_behavior = new DefaultICProtectionBehaviour();
864 // Ignore leak of DefaultICProtectionBehaviour. It is overriden by some GC implementations and the
865 // pointer is leaked once.
866 LSAN_IGNORE_OBJECT(protection_behavior);
867 CompiledICProtectionBehaviour::set_current(protection_behavior);
868 }
869
870 jint universe_init() {
871 assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
872 guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
873 "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
874 guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
875 guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
876 "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
877
878 TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
879
880 initialize_global_behaviours();
881
882 GCLogPrecious::initialize();
883
884 // Initialize CPUTimeCounters object, which must be done before creation of the heap.
885 CPUTimeCounters::initialize();
886
887 ObjLayout::initialize();
888
889 #ifdef _LP64
890 AOTMetaspace::adjust_heap_sizes_for_dumping();
891 #endif // _LP64
892
893 GCConfig::arguments()->initialize_heap_sizes();
894
895 jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
896 if (status != JNI_OK) {
897 return status;
898 }
899
900 Universe::initialize_tlab();
901
902 Metaspace::global_initialize();
903
904 // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
905 MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
906
907 // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
908 if (!JVMFlagLimit::check_all_constraints(JVMFlagConstraintPhase::AfterMemoryInit)) {
909 return JNI_EINVAL;
910 }
911
912 // Add main_thread to threads list to finish barrier setup with
913 // on_thread_attach. Should be before starting to build Java objects in
914 // the AOT heap loader, which invokes barriers.
915 {
916 JavaThread* main_thread = JavaThread::current();
917 MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);
918 Threads::add(main_thread);
919 }
920
921 HeapShared::initialize_writing_mode();
922
923 // Create the string table before the AOT object archive is loaded,
924 // as it might need to access the string table.
925 StringTable::create_table();
926
927 #if INCLUDE_CDS
928 if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
929 // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
930 // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.)
931 AOTMetaspace::initialize_shared_spaces();
932 }
933 #endif
934
935 ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
936
937 #if INCLUDE_CDS
938 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
939 if (CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph()) {
940 ClassLoaderDataShared::restore_archived_entries_for_null_class_loader_data();
941 }
942 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
943 if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
944 CDSConfig::prepare_for_dumping();
945 }
946 #endif
947
948 SymbolTable::create_table();
949
950 if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
951 Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
952 }
953
954 ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
955
956 return JNI_OK;
957 }
958
959 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
960 assert(_collectedHeap == nullptr, "Heap already created");
961 _collectedHeap = GCConfig::arguments()->create_heap();
962
963 log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
964 return _collectedHeap->initialize();
965 }
966
967 void Universe::initialize_tlab() {
968 ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
969 PLAB::startup_initialization();
970 if (UseTLAB) {
971 ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
972 }
973 }
974
975 ReservedHeapSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment, size_t desired_page_size) {
976
977 assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
978 "actual alignment %zu must be within maximum heap alignment %zu",
979 alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
980 assert(is_aligned(heap_size, alignment), "precondition");
981
982 size_t total_reserved = heap_size;
983 assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
984 "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
985
986 size_t page_size;
987 if (desired_page_size == 0) {
988 if (UseLargePages) {
989 page_size = os::large_page_size();
990 } else {
991 page_size = os::vm_page_size();
992 }
993 } else {
994 // Parallel is the only collector that might opt out of using large pages
995 // for the heap.
996 assert(UseParallelGC , "only Parallel");
997 // Use caller provided value.
998 page_size = desired_page_size;
999 }
1000 assert(is_aligned(heap_size, page_size), "inv");
1001 // Now create the space.
1002 ReservedHeapSpace rhs = HeapReserver::reserve(total_reserved, alignment, page_size, AllocateHeapAt);
1003
1004 if (!rhs.is_reserved()) {
1005 vm_exit_during_initialization(
1006 err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for %zu KB object heap",
1007 total_reserved/K));
1008 }
1009
1010 assert(total_reserved == rhs.size(), "must be exactly of required size");
1011 assert(is_aligned(rhs.base(),alignment),"must be exactly of required alignment");
1012
1013 assert(markWord::encode_pointer_as_mark(rhs.base()).decode_pointer() == rhs.base(),
1014 "area must be distinguishable from marks for mark-sweep");
1015 assert(markWord::encode_pointer_as_mark(&rhs.base()[rhs.size()]).decode_pointer() ==
1016 &rhs.base()[rhs.size()],
1017 "area must be distinguishable from marks for mark-sweep");
1018
1019 // We are good.
1020
1021 if (AllocateHeapAt != nullptr) {
1022 log_info(gc,heap)("Successfully allocated Java heap at location %s", AllocateHeapAt);
1023 }
1024
1025 if (UseCompressedOops) {
1026 CompressedOops::initialize(rhs);
1027 }
1028
1029 Universe::calculate_verify_data((HeapWord*)rhs.base(), (HeapWord*)rhs.end());
1030
1031 return rhs;
1032 }
1033
1034 OopStorage* Universe::vm_weak() {
1035 return Universe::_vm_weak;
1036 }
1037
1038 OopStorage* Universe::vm_global() {
1039 return Universe::_vm_global;
1040 }
1041
1042 void Universe::oopstorage_init() {
1043 Universe::_vm_global = OopStorageSet::create_strong("VM Global", mtInternal);
1044 Universe::_vm_weak = OopStorageSet::create_weak("VM Weak", mtInternal);
1045 }
1046
1047 void universe_oopstorage_init() {
1048 Universe::oopstorage_init();
1049 }
1050
1051 void LatestMethodCache::init(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik,
1052 const char* method, Symbol* signature, bool is_static)
1053 {
1054 TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method);
1055 Method* m = nullptr;
1056 // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
1057 if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(current) ||
1058 ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == nullptr) ||
1059 is_static != m->is_static()) {
1060 ResourceMark rm(current);
1061 // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
1062 // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
1063 vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
1064 ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
1065 }
1066
1067 _klass = ik;
1068 _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1069 assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1070 }
1071
1072 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1073 if (_klass == nullptr) {
1074 return nullptr;
1075 } else {
1076 Method* m = _klass->method_with_idnum(_method_idnum);
1077 assert(m != nullptr, "sanity check");
1078 return m;
1079 }
1080 }
1081
1082 Method* Universe::finalizer_register_method() { return _finalizer_register_cache.get_method(); }
1083 Method* Universe::loader_addClass_method() { return _loader_addClass_cache.get_method(); }
1084 Method* Universe::throw_illegal_access_error() { return _throw_illegal_access_error_cache.get_method(); }
1085 Method* Universe::throw_no_such_method_error() { return _throw_no_such_method_error_cache.get_method(); }
1086 Method* Universe::do_stack_walk_method() { return _do_stack_walk_cache.get_method(); }
1087
1088 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(JavaThread* current) {
1089 // Set up static method for registering finalizers
1090 _finalizer_register_cache.init(current,
1091 vmClasses::Finalizer_klass(),
1092 "register",
1093 vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true);
1094
1095 _throw_illegal_access_error_cache.init(current,
1096 vmClasses::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
1097 "throwIllegalAccessError",
1098 vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true);
1099
1100 _throw_no_such_method_error_cache.init(current,
1101 vmClasses::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
1102 "throwNoSuchMethodError",
1103 vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true);
1104
1105 // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
1106 _loader_addClass_cache.init(current,
1107 vmClasses::ClassLoader_klass(),
1108 "addClass",
1109 vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false);
1110
1111 // Set up method for stack walking
1112 _do_stack_walk_cache.init(current,
1113 vmClasses::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
1114 "doStackWalk",
1115 vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false);
1116 }
1117
1118 void universe2_init() {
1119 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1120 Universe::genesis(CATCH);
1121 }
1122
1123 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
1124 void universe_post_module_init() {
1125 Universe::_module_initialized = true;
1126 }
1127
1128 bool universe_post_init() {
1129 assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
1130 Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
1131 EXCEPTION_MARK;
1132 if (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
1133 reinitialize_vtables();
1134 reinitialize_itables();
1135 }
1136
1137 HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1138 // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array for Method reflection.
1139
1140 objArrayOop the_empty_class_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
1141 Universe::_the_empty_class_array = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), the_empty_class_array);
1142
1143 // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
1144 Universe::create_preallocated_out_of_memory_errors(CHECK_false);
1145
1146 oop instance;
1147 // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
1148 if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
1149 instance = java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
1150 Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1151 }
1152
1153 // Setup preallocated exceptions used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling
1154 _null_ptr_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), CHECK_false);
1155 _arithmetic_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), CHECK_false);
1156 _array_index_out_of_bounds_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), CHECK_false);
1157 _array_store_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException(), CHECK_false);
1158 _class_cast_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException(), CHECK_false);
1159 _preempted_exception.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException(), CHECK_false);
1160
1161 // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1162 Klass* k = vmClasses::InternalError_klass();
1163 bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1164 if (!linked) {
1165 tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify InternalError class");
1166 return false; // initialization failed
1167 }
1168 _internal_error.init_if_empty(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), CHECK_false);
1169
1170 Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1171 java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::arithmetic_exception_instance(), msg());
1172
1173 // Setup preallocated StackOverflowError for use with class initialization failure
1174 k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_StackOverflowError(), true, CHECK_false);
1175 instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1176 Universe::_class_init_stack_overflow_error = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1177
1178 Universe::initialize_known_methods(THREAD);
1179
1180 // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1181 // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1182 {
1183 MutexLocker x(THREAD, Heap_lock);
1184 Universe::heap()->update_capacity_and_used_at_gc();
1185 }
1186
1187 // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1188 Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1189
1190 MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1191
1192 MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1193
1194 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1195 AOTMetaspace::post_initialize(CHECK_false);
1196 #endif
1197 return true;
1198 }
1199
1200
1201 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1202 _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1203 }
1204
1205 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1206 GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1207 st->print_cr("Heap");
1208
1209 StreamIndentor si(st, 1);
1210 heap()->print_heap_on(st);
1211 MetaspaceUtils::print_on(st);
1212 }
1213
1214 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1215 if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1216 print_on(tty);
1217 tty->cr();
1218 tty->flush();
1219 }
1220 }
1221
1222 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1223 verify_flags = 0;
1224 const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1225
1226 size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1227 char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1228 strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1229 char* save_ptr;
1230
1231 char* token = strtok_r(subset_list, delimiter, &save_ptr);
1232 while (token != nullptr) {
1233 if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1234 verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1235 } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1236 verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1237 } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1238 verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1239 } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1240 verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1241 } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1242 verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1243 } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1244 verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1245 } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1246 verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1247 } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1248 verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceUtils;
1249 } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1250 verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1251 } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1252 verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1253 } else if (strcmp(token, "resolved_method_table") == 0) {
1254 verify_flags |= Verify_ResolvedMethodTable;
1255 } else if (strcmp(token, "stringdedup") == 0) {
1256 verify_flags |= Verify_StringDedup;
1257 } else {
1258 vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1259 }
1260 token = strtok_r(nullptr, delimiter, &save_ptr);
1261 }
1262 FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1263 }
1264
1265 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1266 if (verify_flags & subset) {
1267 return true;
1268 }
1269 return false;
1270 }
1271
1272 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1273 COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1274 assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1275 "DPT should not be active during verification "
1276 "(of thread stacks below)");
1277 )
1278
1279 Thread* thread = Thread::current();
1280 ResourceMark rm(thread);
1281 HandleMark hm(thread); // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1282 _verify_count++;
1283
1284 FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1285 GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1286 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1287 log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1288 Threads::verify();
1289 }
1290 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1291 log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1292 heap()->verify(option);
1293 }
1294 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1295 log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1296 SymbolTable::verify();
1297 }
1298 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1299 log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1300 StringTable::verify();
1301 }
1302 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1303 log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1304 CodeCache::verify();
1305 }
1306 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1307 log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1308 SystemDictionary::verify();
1309 }
1310 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1311 log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1312 ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1313 }
1314 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceUtils)) {
1315 log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceUtils");
1316 DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
1317 }
1318 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1319 log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1320 JNIHandles::verify();
1321 }
1322 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1323 log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1324 CodeCache::verify_oops();
1325 }
1326 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ResolvedMethodTable)) {
1327 log_debug(gc, verify)("ResolvedMethodTable Oops");
1328 ResolvedMethodTable::verify();
1329 }
1330 if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringDedup)) {
1331 log_debug(gc, verify)("String Deduplication");
1332 StringDedup::verify();
1333 }
1334 }
1335
1336 static void log_cpu_time() {
1337 LogTarget(Info, cpu) cpuLog;
1338 if (!cpuLog.is_enabled()) {
1339 return;
1340 }
1341
1342 const double process_cpu_time = os::elapsed_process_cpu_time();
1343 if (process_cpu_time == 0 || process_cpu_time == -1) {
1344 // 0 can happen e.g. for short running processes with
1345 // low CPU utilization
1346 return;
1347 }
1348
1349 const double gc_threads_cpu_time = (double) CPUTimeUsage::GC::gc_threads() / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
1350 const double gc_vm_thread_cpu_time = (double) CPUTimeUsage::GC::vm_thread() / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
1351 const double gc_string_dedup_cpu_time = (double) CPUTimeUsage::GC::stringdedup() / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
1352 const double gc_cpu_time = (double) gc_threads_cpu_time + gc_vm_thread_cpu_time + gc_string_dedup_cpu_time;
1353
1354 const double elasped_time = os::elapsedTime();
1355 const bool has_error = CPUTimeUsage::Error::has_error();
1356
1357 if (gc_cpu_time < process_cpu_time) {
1358 cpuLog.print("=== CPU time Statistics =============================================================");
1359 if (has_error) {
1360 cpuLog.print("WARNING: CPU time sampling reported errors, numbers may be unreliable");
1361 }
1362 cpuLog.print(" CPUs");
1363 cpuLog.print(" s %% utilized");
1364 cpuLog.print(" Process");
1365 cpuLog.print(" Total %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", process_cpu_time, 100.0, process_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1366 cpuLog.print(" Garbage Collection %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1367 cpuLog.print(" GC Threads %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_threads_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_threads_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_threads_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1368 cpuLog.print(" VM Thread %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_vm_thread_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_vm_thread_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_vm_thread_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1369
1370 if (UseStringDeduplication) {
1371 cpuLog.print(" String Deduplication %30.4f %6.2f %8.1f", gc_string_dedup_cpu_time, percent_of(gc_string_dedup_cpu_time, process_cpu_time), gc_string_dedup_cpu_time / elasped_time);
1372 }
1373 cpuLog.print("=====================================================================================");
1374 }
1375 }
1376
1377 void Universe::before_exit() {
1378 {
1379 // Acquire the Heap_lock to synchronize with VM_Heap_Sync_Operations,
1380 // which may depend on the value of _is_shutting_down flag.
1381 MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1382 log_cpu_time();
1383 AtomicAccess::release_store(&_is_shutting_down, true);
1384 }
1385
1386 heap()->before_exit();
1387
1388 // Print GC/heap related information.
1389 Log(gc, exit) log;
1390 if (log.is_info()) {
1391 LogStream ls_info(log.info());
1392 Universe::print_on(&ls_info);
1393 if (log.is_trace()) {
1394 LogStream ls_trace(log.trace());
1395 MutexLocker mcld(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
1396 ClassLoaderDataGraph::print_on(&ls_trace);
1397 }
1398 }
1399 }
1400
1401 #ifndef PRODUCT
1402 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1403 assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1404
1405 // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1406 size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1407 size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1408
1409 // make an inclusive limit:
1410 uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1411 uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1412 assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1413 uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1414
1415 // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1416 uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1417 while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1418 mask <<= 1;
1419 uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1420 assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1421 // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1422 assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1423
1424 // require address alignment, too:
1425 mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1426
1427 if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1428 assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1429 }
1430 _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1431 _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1432 }
1433
1434 void Universe::set_verify_data(uintptr_t mask, uintptr_t bits) {
1435 _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1436 _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1437 }
1438
1439 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1440
1441 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1442 return _verify_oop_mask;
1443 }
1444
1445 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1446 return _verify_oop_bits;
1447 }
1448
1449 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1450 return markWord::lock_mask_in_place;
1451 }
1452
1453 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1454 intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1455 intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markWord::prototype().value();
1456 assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1457 return bits;
1458 }
1459 #endif // PRODUCT
1460
1461 #ifdef ASSERT
1462 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1463 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1464 MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1465 objArrayOop fullgc_alot_dummy_array = (objArrayOop)_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.resolve();
1466 if (fullgc_alot_dummy_array != nullptr) {
1467 if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1468 // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1469 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array.release(Universe::vm_global());
1470 _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = OopHandle(); // null out OopStorage pointer.
1471 return false;
1472 }
1473
1474 // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1475 fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, nullptr);
1476 }
1477 return true;
1478 }
1479
1480 bool Universe::is_stw_gc_active() {
1481 return heap()->is_stw_gc_active();
1482 }
1483
1484 bool Universe::is_in_heap(const void* p) {
1485 return heap()->is_in(p);
1486 }
1487
1488 #endif // ASSERT