1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  39 #include "interpreter/bootstrapInfo.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  41 #include "jvm.h"
  42 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/array.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/cpCache.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  72 
  73 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  74   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  75   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  76   return new (loader_data, size, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  77 }
  78 
  79 void ConstantPool::copy_fields(const ConstantPool* orig) {
  80   // Preserve dynamic constant information from the original pool
  81   if (orig->has_dynamic_constant()) {
  82     set_has_dynamic_constant();
  83   }
  84 
  85   set_major_version(orig->major_version());
  86   set_minor_version(orig->minor_version());
  87 
  88   set_source_file_name_index(orig->source_file_name_index());
  89   set_generic_signature_index(orig->generic_signature_index());
  90 }
  91 
  92 #ifdef ASSERT
  93 
  94 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  95 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
  96 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
  97   assert(tags != nullptr, "invariant");
  98   const int length = tags->length();
  99   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
 100     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
 101       return false;
 102     }
 103   }
 104   return true;
 105 }
 106 
 107 #endif
 108 
 109 ConstantPool::ConstantPool() {
 110   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "only for CDS");
 111 }
 112 
 113 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
 114   _tags(tags),
 115   _length(tags->length()) {
 116 
 117     assert(_tags != nullptr, "invariant");
 118     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
 119     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
 120     assert(0 == flags(), "invariant");
 121     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
 122     assert(nullptr == _pool_holder, "invariant");
 123 }
 124 
 125 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
 126   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 127     MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
 128     set_cache(nullptr);
 129   }
 130 
 131   MetadataFactory::free_array<Klass*>(loader_data, resolved_klasses());
 132   set_resolved_klasses(nullptr);
 133 
 134   MetadataFactory::free_array<jushort>(loader_data, operands());
 135   set_operands(nullptr);
 136 
 137   release_C_heap_structures();
 138 
 139   // free tag array
 140   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 141   set_tags(nullptr);
 142 }
 143 
 144 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 145   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 146   unreference_symbols();
 147 }
 148 
 149 void ConstantPool::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 150   log_trace(aot)("Iter(ConstantPool): %p", this);
 151 
 152   it->push(&_tags, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 153   it->push(&_cache);
 154   it->push(&_pool_holder);
 155   it->push(&_operands);
 156   it->push(&_resolved_klasses, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 157 
 158   for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
 159     // The only MSO's embedded in the CP entries are Symbols:
 160     //   JVM_CONSTANT_String
 161     //   JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8
 162     constantTag ctag = tag_at(i);
 163     if (ctag.is_string() || ctag.is_utf8()) {
 164       it->push(symbol_at_addr(i));
 165     }
 166   }
 167 }
 168 
 169 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 170   return _cache->resolved_references();
 171 }
 172 
 173 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 174 // may not be present.
 175 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 176   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 177     return nullptr;
 178   } else {
 179     return _cache->resolved_references();
 180   }
 181 }
 182 
 183 oop ConstantPool::resolved_reference_at(int index) const {
 184   oop result = resolved_references()->obj_at(index);
 185   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(result), "Must be oop");
 186   return result;
 187 }
 188 
 189 // Use a CAS for multithreaded access
 190 oop ConstantPool::set_resolved_reference_at(int index, oop new_result) {
 191   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(new_result), "Must be oop");
 192   return resolved_references()->replace_if_null(index, new_result);
 193 }
 194 
 195 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 196 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 197 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 198 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 199 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 200                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 201                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 202                                                   TRAPS) {
 203   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 204   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 205   if (map_length > 0) {
 206     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 207     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 208     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 209     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 210     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 211       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 212 
 213       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 214         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 215         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 216         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 217       }
 218       set_reference_map(om);
 219     }
 220 
 221     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 222     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 223     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 224     HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 225     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 226     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 227 
 228     // Create a "scratch" copy of the resolved references array to archive
 229     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 230       objArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 231       HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 232     }
 233   }
 234 }
 235 
 236 void ConstantPool::allocate_resolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int num_klasses, TRAPS) {
 237   // A ConstantPool can't possibly have 0xffff valid class entries,
 238   // because entry #0 must be CONSTANT_Invalid, and each class entry must refer to a UTF8
 239   // entry for the class's name. So at most we will have 0xfffe class entries.
 240   // This allows us to use 0xffff (ConstantPool::_temp_resolved_klass_index) to indicate
 241   // UnresolvedKlass entries that are temporarily created during class redefinition.
 242   assert(num_klasses < CPKlassSlot::_temp_resolved_klass_index, "sanity");
 243   assert(resolved_klasses() == nullptr, "sanity");
 244   Array<Klass*>* rk = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(loader_data, num_klasses, CHECK);
 245   set_resolved_klasses(rk);
 246 }
 247 
 248 void ConstantPool::initialize_unresolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
 249   int len = length();
 250   int num_klasses = 0;
 251   for (int i = 1; i <len; i++) {
 252     switch (tag_at(i).value()) {
 253     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 254       {
 255         const int class_index = klass_index_at(i);
 256         unresolved_klass_at_put(i, class_index, num_klasses++);
 257       }
 258       break;
 259 #ifndef PRODUCT
 260     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 261     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 262     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 263       // All of these should have been reverted back to ClassIndex before calling
 264       // this function.
 265       ShouldNotReachHere();
 266 #endif
 267     }
 268   }
 269   allocate_resolved_klasses(loader_data, num_klasses, THREAD);
 270 }
 271 
 272 // Hidden class support:
 273 void ConstantPool::klass_at_put(int class_index, Klass* k) {
 274   assert(k != nullptr, "must be valid klass");
 275   CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(class_index);
 276   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 277   Klass** adr = resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 278   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 279 
 280   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 281   // and the Klass* non-null, so we need hardware store ordering here.
 282   release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 283 }
 284 
 285 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 286 template <typename Function>
 287 void ConstantPool::iterate_archivable_resolved_references(Function function) {
 288   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 289   if (rr != nullptr && cache() != nullptr && CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 290     Array<ResolvedIndyEntry>* indy_entries = cache()->resolved_indy_entries();
 291     if (indy_entries != nullptr) {
 292       for (int i = 0; i < indy_entries->length(); i++) {
 293         ResolvedIndyEntry *rie = indy_entries->adr_at(i);
 294         if (rie->is_resolved() && AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(this, rie->constant_pool_index())) {
 295           int rr_index = rie->resolved_references_index();
 296           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 297           function(rr_index);
 298 
 299           // Save the BSM as well (sometimes the JIT looks up the BSM it for replay)
 300           int indy_cp_index = rie->constant_pool_index();
 301           int bsm_mh_cp_index = bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(indy_cp_index);
 302           int bsm_rr_index = cp_to_object_index(bsm_mh_cp_index);
 303           assert(resolved_reference_at(bsm_rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 304           function(bsm_rr_index);
 305         }
 306       }
 307     }
 308 
 309     Array<ResolvedMethodEntry>* method_entries = cache()->resolved_method_entries();
 310     if (method_entries != nullptr) {
 311       for (int i = 0; i < method_entries->length(); i++) {
 312         ResolvedMethodEntry* rme = method_entries->adr_at(i);
 313         if (rme->is_resolved(Bytecodes::_invokehandle) && rme->has_appendix() &&
 314             cache()->can_archive_resolved_method(this, rme)) {
 315           int rr_index = rme->resolved_references_index();
 316           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 317           function(rr_index);
 318         }
 319       }
 320     }
 321   }
 322 }
 323 
 324 // Returns the _resolved_reference array after removing unarchivable items from it.
 325 // Returns null if this class is not supported, or _resolved_reference doesn't exist.
 326 objArrayOop ConstantPool::prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving() {
 327   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 328     return nullptr; // nothing to do
 329   }
 330 
 331   InstanceKlass *ik = pool_holder();
 332   if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(ik->class_loader_data())) {
 333     // Archiving resolved references for classes from non-builtin loaders
 334     // is not yet supported.
 335     return nullptr;
 336   }
 337 
 338   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 339   if (rr != nullptr) {
 340     ResourceMark rm;
 341     int rr_len = rr->length();
 342     GrowableArray<bool> keep_resolved_refs(rr_len, rr_len, false);
 343 
 344     iterate_archivable_resolved_references([&](int rr_index) {
 345       keep_resolved_refs.at_put(rr_index, true);
 346     });
 347 
 348     objArrayOop scratch_rr = HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(this);
 349     Array<u2>* ref_map = reference_map();
 350     int ref_map_len = ref_map == nullptr ? 0 : ref_map->length();
 351     for (int i = 0; i < rr_len; i++) {
 352       oop obj = rr->obj_at(i);
 353       scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, nullptr);
 354       if (obj != nullptr) {
 355         if (i < ref_map_len) {
 356           int index = object_to_cp_index(i);
 357           if (tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 358             assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(obj), "must be");
 359             if (!HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 360               scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 361             }
 362             continue;
 363           }
 364         }
 365 
 366         if (keep_resolved_refs.at(i)) {
 367           scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 368         }
 369       }
 370     }
 371     return scratch_rr;
 372   }
 373   return rr;
 374 }
 375 #endif
 376 
 377 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 378 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 379 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 380   if (!_pool_holder->is_linked() && !_pool_holder->is_rewritten()) {
 381     return;
 382   }
 383   assert(is_constantPool(), "ensure C++ vtable is restored");
 384   assert(on_stack(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 385   assert(in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 386   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 387     // See the same check in remove_unshareable_info() below.
 388     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 389     return;
 390   }
 391   assert(_cache != nullptr, "constant pool _cache should not be null");
 392 
 393   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 394   if (resolved_references() != nullptr) return;
 395 
 396   if (vmClasses::Object_klass_is_loaded()) {
 397     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 398 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 399     if (HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() &&
 400         _cache->archived_references() != nullptr) {
 401       oop archived = _cache->archived_references();
 402       // Create handle for the archived resolved reference array object
 403       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 404       Handle refs_handle(THREAD, archived);
 405       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 406       _cache->clear_archived_references();
 407     } else
 408 #endif
 409     {
 410       // No mapped archived resolved reference array
 411       // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 412       int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 413       if (map_length > 0) {
 414         objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 415         HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 416         Handle refs_handle(THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 417         set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 418       }
 419     }
 420   }
 421 
 422   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && resolved_references() != nullptr) {
 423     objArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), resolved_references()->length(), CHECK);
 424     HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 425   }
 426 }
 427 
 428 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 429   // ConstantPools in AOT cache are in the RO region, so the _flags cannot be modified.
 430   // The _on_stack flag is used to prevent ConstantPools from deallocation during
 431   // class redefinition. Since such ConstantPools cannot be deallocated anyway,
 432   // we always set _on_stack to true to avoid having to change _flags during runtime.
 433   _flags |= (_on_stack | _in_aot_cache);
 434 
 435   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 436     // This CP was created by Method::make_method_handle_intrinsic() and has nothing
 437     // that need to be removed/restored. It has no cpCache since the intrinsic methods
 438     // don't have any bytecodes.
 439     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 440     return;
 441   }
 442 
 443   bool update_resolved_reference = true;
 444   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 445     ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 446     InstanceKlass* src_holder = src_cp->pool_holder();
 447     if (src_holder->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 448       // Unregistered classes are not loaded in the AOT assembly phase. The resolved reference length
 449       // is already saved during the training run.
 450       precond(!src_holder->is_loaded());
 451       precond(resolved_reference_length() >= 0);
 452       precond(resolved_references() == nullptr);
 453       update_resolved_reference = false;
 454     }
 455   }
 456 
 457   // resolved_references(): remember its length. If it cannot be restored
 458   // from the archived heap objects at run time, we need to dynamically allocate it.
 459   if (update_resolved_reference && cache() != nullptr) {
 460     set_resolved_reference_length(
 461         resolved_references() != nullptr ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 462     set_resolved_references(OopHandle());
 463   }
 464   remove_unshareable_entries();
 465 }
 466 
 467 static const char* get_type(Klass* k) {
 468   const char* type;
 469   Klass* src_k;
 470   if (ArchiveBuilder::is_active() && ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(k)) {
 471     src_k = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(k);
 472   } else {
 473     src_k = k;
 474   }
 475 
 476   if (src_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 477     src_k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(src_k)->bottom_klass();
 478     assert(!src_k->is_objArray_klass(), "sanity");
 479   }
 480 
 481   if (src_k->is_typeArray_klass()) {
 482     type = "prim";
 483   } else {
 484     InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(src_k);
 485     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && src_ik->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
 486       return "unreg";
 487     }
 488     if (src_ik->defined_by_boot_loader()) {
 489       return "boot";
 490     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_platform_loader()) {
 491       return "plat";
 492     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_app_loader()) {
 493       return "app";
 494     } else {
 495       return "unreg";
 496     }
 497   }
 498 
 499   return type;
 500 }
 501 
 502 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_entries() {
 503   ResourceMark rm;
 504   log_info(aot, resolve)("Archiving CP entries for %s", pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string());
 505   for (int cp_index = 1; cp_index < length(); cp_index++) { // cp_index 0 is unused
 506     int cp_tag = tag_at(cp_index).value();
 507     switch (cp_tag) {
 508     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 509       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, false);
 510       break;
 511     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 512       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 513       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, true);
 514       break;
 515     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 516       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle);
 517       break;
 518     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 519       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType);
 520       break;
 521     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
 522       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic);
 523       break;
 524     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 525       remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(cp_index);
 526       break;
 527     default:
 528       break;
 529     }
 530   }
 531 
 532   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 533     // cache() is null if this class is not yet linked.
 534     cache()->remove_unshareable_info();
 535   }
 536 }
 537 
 538 void ConstantPool::remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(int cp_index) {
 539   assert(ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(this), "must be");
 540   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "must be resolved");
 541 
 542   bool can_archive;
 543   Klass* k = nullptr;
 544 
 545   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 546     can_archive = false;
 547   } else {
 548     k = resolved_klass_at(cp_index);
 549     if (k == nullptr) {
 550       // We'd come here if the referenced class has been excluded via
 551       // SystemDictionaryShared::is_excluded_class(). As a result, ArchiveBuilder
 552       // has cleared the resolved_klasses()->at(...) pointer to null. Thus, we
 553       // need to revert the tag to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass.
 554       can_archive = false;
 555     } else {
 556       ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 557       can_archive = AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(src_cp, cp_index);
 558     }
 559   }
 560 
 561   if (!can_archive) {
 562     int resolved_klass_index = klass_slot_at(cp_index).resolved_klass_index();
 563     // This might be at a safepoint but do this in the right order.
 564     tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 565     resolved_klasses()->at_put(resolved_klass_index, nullptr);
 566   }
 567 
 568   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) log;
 569   if (log.is_enabled()) {
 570     ResourceMark rm;
 571     log.print("%s klass  CP entry [%3d]: %s %s",
 572               (can_archive ? "archived" : "reverted"),
 573               cp_index, pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(pool_holder()));
 574     if (can_archive) {
 575       log.print(" => %s %s%s", k->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(k),
 576                 (!k->is_instance_klass() || pool_holder()->is_subtype_of(k)) ? "" : " (not supertype)");
 577     } else {
 578       Symbol* name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
 579       log.print(" => %s", name->as_C_string());
 580     }
 581   }
 582 
 583   ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(can_archive, /*reverted=*/!can_archive);
 584 }
 585 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
 586 
 587 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 588   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 589   int i = reference_map()->find(checked_cast<u2>(cp_index));
 590   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 591   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 592 }
 593 
 594 void ConstantPool::string_at_put(int obj_index, oop str) {
 595   oop result = set_resolved_reference_at(obj_index, str);
 596   assert(result == nullptr || result == str, "Only set once or to the same string.");
 597 }
 598 
 599 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k) {
 600   ResourceMark rm;
 601   int line_number = -1;
 602   const char * source_file = nullptr;
 603   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 604     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 605     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 606     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 607       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 608       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 609       if (s != nullptr) {
 610         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 611       }
 612     }
 613   }
 614   if (k != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 615     // only print something if the classes are different
 616     if (source_file != nullptr) {
 617       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d",
 618                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 619                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 620     } else {
 621       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s",
 622                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 623                  k->external_name());
 624     }
 625   }
 626 }
 627 
 628 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
 629                                    TRAPS) {
 630   JavaThread* javaThread = THREAD;
 631 
 632   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 633   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 634   // the entry and tag is not updated atomically.
 635   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(cp_index);
 636   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 637   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 638   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 639 
 640   // The tag must be JVM_CONSTANT_Class in order to read the correct value from
 641   // the unresolved_klasses() array.
 642   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass()) {
 643     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 644     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 645     return klass;
 646   }
 647 
 648   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 649   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 650     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 651     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 652     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 653     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 654     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 655     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 656     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 657     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 658     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 659     ShouldNotReachHere();
 660   }
 661 
 662   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 663   Handle mirror_handle;
 664   Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 665   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 666 
 667   Klass* k;
 668   {
 669     // Turn off the single stepping while doing class resolution
 670     JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 671     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, true, THREAD);
 672   } //  JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 673 
 674   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 675     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 676     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k->java_mirror());
 677     // Do access check for klasses
 678     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 679   }
 680 
 681   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 682   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 683   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 684     save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 685     // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 686     // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 687     // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 688     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 689     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 690     return klass;
 691   }
 692 
 693   // logging for class+resolve.
 694   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)){
 695     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 696   }
 697 
 698   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 699   // and the Klass* stored in _resolved_klasses is non-null, so we need
 700   // hardware store ordering here.
 701   // We also need to CAS to not overwrite an error from a racing thread.
 702   Klass** adr = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 703   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 704 
 705   jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
 706                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass,
 707                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 708 
 709   // We need to recheck exceptions from racing thread and return the same.
 710   if (old_tag == JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError) {
 711     // Remove klass.
 712     AtomicAccess::store(adr, (Klass*)nullptr);
 713     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 714   }
 715 
 716   return k;
 717 }
 718 
 719 
 720 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 721 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 722 // instanceof operations. Returns null if the class has not been loaded or
 723 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 724 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 725   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(which);
 726   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 727   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 728   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 729 
 730   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass()) {
 731     Klass* k = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 732     assert(k != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 733     return k;
 734   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 735     return nullptr;
 736   } else {
 737     Thread* current = Thread::current();
 738     HandleMark hm(current);
 739     Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 740     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 741     Handle h_loader (current, loader);
 742     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, name, h_loader);
 743 
 744     // Avoid constant pool verification at a safepoint, as it takes the Module_lock.
 745     if (k != nullptr && current->is_Java_thread()) {
 746       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 747       JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::cast(current); // For exception macros.
 748       ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
 749       // return null if verification fails
 750       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 751       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 752         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 753         return nullptr;
 754       }
 755       return k;
 756     } else {
 757       return k;
 758     }
 759   }
 760 }
 761 
 762 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 763                                                    int which) {
 764   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 765   if (!(which >= 0 && which < cpool->resolved_method_entries_length())) {
 766     // FIXME: should be an assert
 767     log_debug(class, resolve)("bad operand %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 768     return nullptr;
 769   }
 770   return cpool->cache()->method_if_resolved(which);
 771 }
 772 
 773 
 774 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 775   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 776   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 777     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 778   } else {
 779     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 780   }
 781 }
 782 
 783 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 784   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 785   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 786     return cpool->resolved_reference_from_indy(which);
 787   } else {
 788     return cpool->cache()->appendix_if_resolved(which);
 789   }
 790 }
 791 
 792 
 793 bool ConstantPool::has_local_signature_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 794   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 795   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 796     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 797   } else {
 798     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 799   }
 800 }
 801 
 802 // Translate index, which could be CPCache index or Indy index, to a constant pool index
 803 int ConstantPool::to_cp_index(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 804   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 805   switch(code) {
 806     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 807       return invokedynamic_bootstrap_ref_index_at(index);
 808     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 809     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 810     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 811     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 812       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 813     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 814     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 815     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 816     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 817     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 818     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 819       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 820     default:
 821       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 822   }
 823 }
 824 
 825 bool ConstantPool::is_resolved(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 826   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 827   switch(code) {
 828     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 829       return resolved_indy_entry_at(index)->is_resolved();
 830 
 831     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 832     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 833     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 834     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 835       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 836 
 837     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 838     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 839     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 840     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 841     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 842     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 843       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 844 
 845     default:
 846       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 847   }
 848 }
 849 
 850 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int cp_index)  {
 851   if (tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap()) {
 852     u2 pool_index = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 853     assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 854     return pool_index;
 855   }
 856   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 857   assert(!tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap(), "Must be handled above");
 858   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 859   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 860 }
 861 
 862 u2 ConstantPool::name_and_type_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 863   return uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 864 }
 865 
 866 constantTag ConstantPool::tag_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 867   // which may be either a Constant Pool index or a rewritten index
 868   int pool_index = which;
 869   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 870   pool_index = to_cp_index(which, code);
 871   return tag_at(pool_index);
 872 }
 873 
 874 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 875   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 876   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 877   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 878 }
 879 
 880 u2 ConstantPool::klass_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 881   assert(code != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic,
 882             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 883   return uncached_klass_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 884 }
 885 
 886 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 887   if (!(k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass())) {
 888     return;  // short cut, typeArray klass is always accessible
 889   }
 890   Klass* holder = this_cp->pool_holder();
 891   LinkResolver::check_klass_accessibility(holder, k, CHECK);
 892 }
 893 
 894 
 895 u2 ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 896   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 897   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 898 }
 899 
 900 
 901 u2 ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 902   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 903   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 904 }
 905 
 906 
 907 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code, TRAPS) {
 908   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which, code), THREAD);
 909 }
 910 
 911 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int cp_index) const {
 912   return symbol_at(klass_slot_at(cp_index).name_index());
 913 }
 914 
 915 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 916   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which, code);
 917   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 918 }
 919 
 920 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 921   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 922   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 923 }
 924 
 925 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 926   return unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
 927 }
 928 
 929 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int cp_index) const {
 930   return Signature::basic_type(symbol_at(cp_index));
 931 }
 932 
 933 
 934 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 935   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 936     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 937       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 938     }
 939   }
 940 }
 941 
 942 static const char* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 943   // Note: caller needs ResourceMark
 944 
 945   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 946   const char* msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(pending_exception);
 947   if (msg != nullptr) {
 948     return msg;
 949   }
 950 
 951   Symbol* message = nullptr;
 952   // Return specific message for the tag
 953   switch (tag.value()) {
 954   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 955     // return the class name in the error message
 956     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 957     break;
 958   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 959     // return the method handle name in the error message
 960     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 961     break;
 962   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 963     // return the method type signature in the error message
 964     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 965     break;
 966   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
 967     // return the name of the condy in the error message
 968     message = this_cp->uncached_name_ref_at(which);
 969     break;
 970   default:
 971     ShouldNotReachHere();
 972   }
 973 
 974   return message != nullptr ? message->as_C_string() : nullptr;
 975 }
 976 
 977 static void add_resolution_error(JavaThread* current, const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 978                                  constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 979 
 980   ResourceMark rm(current);
 981   Symbol* error = pending_exception->klass()->name();
 982   oop cause = java_lang_Throwable::cause(pending_exception);
 983 
 984   // Also dig out the exception cause, if present.
 985   Symbol* cause_sym = nullptr;
 986   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
 987   if (cause != nullptr && cause != pending_exception) {
 988     cause_sym = cause->klass()->name();
 989     cause_msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(cause);
 990   }
 991 
 992   const char* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, pending_exception);
 993   SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message, cause_sym, cause_msg);
 994 }
 995 
 996 
 997 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
 998   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 999   const char* message = nullptr;
1000   Symbol* cause = nullptr;
1001   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
1002   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message, &cause, &cause_msg);
1003   assert(error != nullptr, "checking");
1004 
1005   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1006   if (message != nullptr) {
1007     if (cause != nullptr) {
1008       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1009       THROW_MSG_CAUSE(error, message, h_cause);
1010     } else {
1011       THROW_MSG(error, message);
1012     }
1013   } else {
1014     if (cause != nullptr) {
1015       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1016       THROW_CAUSE(error, h_cause);
1017     } else {
1018       THROW(error);
1019     }
1020   }
1021 }
1022 
1023 // If resolution for Class, Dynamic constant, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the
1024 // exception in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
1025 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1026                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
1027 
1028   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
1029 
1030   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
1031     is_a(vmClasses::LinkageError_klass())) {
1032     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
1033     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
1034     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
1035     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
1036   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).value() != error_tag) {
1037     add_resolution_error(THREAD, this_cp, cp_index, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
1038     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
1039     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
1040     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
1041     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
1042     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
1043     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
1044     jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
1045                                           (jbyte)tag.value(),
1046                                           (jbyte)error_tag);
1047     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
1048       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
1049       assert(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
1050       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
1051       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1052     }
1053   } else {
1054     // some other thread put this in error state
1055     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK);
1056   }
1057 }
1058 
1059 constantTag ConstantPool::constant_tag_at(int cp_index) {
1060   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1061   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant()) {
1062     BasicType bt = basic_type_for_constant_at(cp_index);
1063     return constantTag(constantTag::type2tag(bt));
1064   }
1065   return tag;
1066 }
1067 
1068 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_constant_at(int cp_index) {
1069   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1070   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant() ||
1071       tag.is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
1072     // have to look at the signature for this one
1073     Symbol* constant_type = uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1074     return Signature::basic_type(constant_type);
1075   }
1076   return tag.basic_type();
1077 }
1078 
1079 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
1080 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
1081 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
1082 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp,
1083                                            int cp_index, int cache_index,
1084                                            bool* status_return, TRAPS) {
1085   oop result_oop = nullptr;
1086 
1087   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
1088     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
1089     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
1090     // FIXME: If bootstrap specifiers stress this code, consider putting in
1091     // a reverse index.  Binary search over a short array should do it.
1092     assert(cp_index > 0, "valid constant pool index");
1093     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(cp_index);
1094   }
1095   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
1096   assert(cp_index == _no_index_sentinel || cp_index >= 0, "");
1097 
1098   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1099     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(cache_index);
1100     if (result_oop != nullptr) {
1101       if (result_oop == Universe::the_null_sentinel()) {
1102         DEBUG_ONLY(int temp_index = (cp_index >= 0 ? cp_index : this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index)));
1103         assert(this_cp->tag_at(temp_index).is_dynamic_constant(), "only condy uses the null sentinel");
1104         result_oop = nullptr;
1105       }
1106       if (status_return != nullptr)  (*status_return) = true;
1107       return result_oop;
1108       // That was easy...
1109     }
1110     cp_index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
1111   }
1112 
1113   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
1114 
1115   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(cp_index);
1116 
1117   if (status_return != nullptr) {
1118     // don't trigger resolution if the constant might need it
1119     switch (tag.value()) {
1120     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1121       assert(this_cp->resolved_klass_at(cp_index) != nullptr, "must be resolved");
1122       break;
1123     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1124     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1125     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1126     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1127     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1128       // these guys trigger OOM at worst
1129       break;
1130     default:
1131       (*status_return) = false;
1132       return nullptr;
1133     }
1134     // from now on there is either success or an OOME
1135     (*status_return) = true;
1136   }
1137 
1138   switch (tag.value()) {
1139 
1140   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1141   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1142     {
1143       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1144       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1145       // ldc wants the java mirror.
1146       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
1147       break;
1148     }
1149 
1150   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1151     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_time(),
1152                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_count());
1153 
1154       // Resolve the Dynamically-Computed constant to invoke the BSM in order to obtain the resulting oop.
1155       BootstrapInfo bootstrap_specifier(this_cp, cp_index);
1156 
1157       // The initial step in resolving an unresolved symbolic reference to a
1158       // dynamically-computed constant is to resolve the symbolic reference to a
1159       // method handle which will be the bootstrap method for the dynamically-computed
1160       // constant. If resolution of the java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle for the bootstrap
1161       // method fails, then a MethodHandleInError is stored at the corresponding
1162       // bootstrap method's CP index for the CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info. No need to
1163       // set a DynamicConstantInError here since any subsequent use of this
1164       // bootstrap method will encounter the resolution of MethodHandleInError.
1165       // Both the first, (resolution of the BSM and its static arguments), and the second tasks,
1166       // (invocation of the BSM), of JVMS Section 5.4.3.6 occur within invoke_bootstrap_method()
1167       // for the bootstrap_specifier created above.
1168       SystemDictionary::invoke_bootstrap_method(bootstrap_specifier, THREAD);
1169       Exceptions::wrap_dynamic_exception(/* is_indy */ false, THREAD);
1170       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1171         // Resolution failure of the dynamically-computed constant, save_and_throw_exception
1172         // will check for a LinkageError and store a DynamicConstantInError.
1173         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1174       }
1175       result_oop = bootstrap_specifier.resolved_value()();
1176       BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(bootstrap_specifier.signature());
1177       if (!is_reference_type(type)) {
1178         // Make sure the primitive value is properly boxed.
1179         // This is a JDK responsibility.
1180         const char* fail = nullptr;
1181         if (result_oop == nullptr) {
1182           fail = "null result instead of box";
1183         } else if (!is_java_primitive(type)) {
1184           // FIXME: support value types via unboxing
1185           fail = "can only handle references and primitives";
1186         } else if (!java_lang_boxing_object::is_instance(result_oop, type)) {
1187           fail = "primitive is not properly boxed";
1188         }
1189         if (fail != nullptr) {
1190           // Since this exception is not a LinkageError, throw exception
1191           // but do not save a DynamicInError resolution result.
1192           // See section 5.4.3 of the VM spec.
1193           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), fail);
1194         }
1195       }
1196 
1197       LogTarget(Debug, methodhandles, condy) lt_condy;
1198       if (lt_condy.is_enabled()) {
1199         LogStream ls(lt_condy);
1200         bootstrap_specifier.print_msg_on(&ls, "resolve_constant_at_impl");
1201       }
1202       break;
1203     }
1204 
1205   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1206     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
1207     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
1208     break;
1209 
1210   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1211     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_time(),
1212                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_count());
1213 
1214       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index);
1215       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(cp_index);
1216       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(cp_index);
1217       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1218       constantTag m_tag  = this_cp->tag_at(this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
1219       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1220         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
1221                               ref_kind, cp_index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index),
1222                               callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
1223       }
1224 
1225       Klass* callee = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, THREAD);
1226       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1227         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1228       }
1229 
1230       // Check constant pool method consistency
1231       if ((callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_method()) ||
1232           (!callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_interface_method())) {
1233         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1234         stringStream ss;
1235         ss.print("Inconsistent constant pool data in classfile for class %s. "
1236                  "Method '", callee->name()->as_C_string());
1237         signature->print_as_signature_external_return_type(&ss);
1238         ss.print(" %s(", name->as_C_string());
1239         signature->print_as_signature_external_parameters(&ss);
1240         ss.print(")' at index %d is %s and should be %s",
1241                  cp_index,
1242                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_MethodRef" : "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef",
1243                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef" : "CONSTANT_MethodRef");
1244         // Names are all known to be < 64k so we know this formatted message is not excessively large.
1245         Exceptions::fthrow(THREAD_AND_LOCATION, vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), "%s", ss.as_string());
1246         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1247       }
1248 
1249       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1250       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1251       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
1252                                                                    callee, name, signature,
1253                                                                    THREAD);
1254       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1255         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1256       }
1257       result_oop = value();
1258       break;
1259     }
1260 
1261   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1262     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_time(),
1263                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_count());
1264 
1265       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(cp_index);
1266       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1267         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
1268                               cp_index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(cp_index),
1269                               signature->as_C_string());
1270       }
1271       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1272       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1273       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
1274       result_oop = value();
1275       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1276         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1277       }
1278       break;
1279     }
1280 
1281   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1282     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1283     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(cp_index);
1284     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1285     break;
1286 
1287   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1288     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1289     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(cp_index);
1290     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1291     break;
1292 
1293   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1294     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1295     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(cp_index);
1296     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1297     break;
1298 
1299   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1300     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1301     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(cp_index);
1302     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1303     break;
1304 
1305   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1306   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1307   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1308   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1309     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1310     break;
1311 
1312   default:
1313     fatal("unexpected constant tag at CP %p[%d/%d] = %d", this_cp(), cp_index, cache_index, tag.value());
1314     break;
1315   }
1316 
1317   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1318     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
1319     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
1320     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
1321     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
1322     oop new_result = (result_oop == nullptr ? Universe::the_null_sentinel() : result_oop);
1323     oop old_result = this_cp->set_resolved_reference_at(cache_index, new_result);
1324     if (old_result == nullptr) {
1325       return result_oop;  // was installed
1326     } else {
1327       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
1328       // the result here for MethodHandles.
1329       if (old_result == Universe::the_null_sentinel())
1330         old_result = nullptr;
1331       return old_result;
1332     }
1333   } else {
1334     assert(result_oop != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1335     return result_oop;
1336   }
1337 }
1338 
1339 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int cp_index, TRAPS) {
1340   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1341   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1342   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1343   return str;
1344 }
1345 
1346 void ConstantPool::copy_bootstrap_arguments_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1347                                                     int start_arg, int end_arg,
1348                                                     objArrayHandle info, int pos,
1349                                                     bool must_resolve, Handle if_not_available,
1350                                                     TRAPS) {
1351   int limit = pos + end_arg - start_arg;
1352   // checks: cp_index in range [0..this_cp->length),
1353   // tag at cp_index, start..end in range [0..this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count],
1354   // info array non-null, pos..limit in [0..info.length]
1355   if ((0 >= cp_index    || cp_index >= this_cp->length())  ||
1356       !(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_invoke_dynamic()    ||
1357         this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_dynamic_constant()) ||
1358       (0 > start_arg || start_arg > end_arg) ||
1359       (end_arg > this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index)) ||
1360       (0 > pos       || pos > limit)         ||
1361       (info.is_null() || limit > info->length())) {
1362     // An index or something else went wrong; throw an error.
1363     // Since this is an internal API, we don't expect this,
1364     // so we don't bother to craft a nice message.
1365     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "bad BSM argument access");
1366   }
1367   // now we can loop safely
1368   int info_i = pos;
1369   for (int i = start_arg; i < end_arg; i++) {
1370     int arg_index = this_cp->bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, i);
1371     oop arg_oop;
1372     if (must_resolve) {
1373       arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK);
1374     } else {
1375       bool found_it = false;
1376       arg_oop = this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK);
1377       if (!found_it)  arg_oop = if_not_available();
1378     }
1379     info->obj_at_put(info_i++, arg_oop);
1380   }
1381 }
1382 
1383 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
1384   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
1385   oop str = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(obj_index);
1386   assert(str != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1387   if (str != nullptr) return str;
1388   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1389   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1390   this_cp->string_at_put(obj_index, str);
1391   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1392   return str;
1393 }
1394 
1395 
1396 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(const InstanceKlass* k, int cp_index) {
1397   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
1398   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
1399   return (cp_name == k->name());
1400 }
1401 
1402 
1403 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
1404 // This is done during GC.
1405 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Strings point to
1406 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
1407 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
1408   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1409     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
1410     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1411       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
1412     }
1413   }
1414 }
1415 
1416 
1417 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
1418 // cp2's entry at index2.
1419 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
1420        int index2) {
1421 
1422   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
1423   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
1424   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
1425 
1426   // Some classes are pre-resolved (like Throwable) which may lead to
1427   // consider it as a different entry. We then revert them back temporarily
1428   // to ensure proper comparison.
1429   if (t1 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1430     t1 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1431   }
1432   if (t2 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1433     t2 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1434   }
1435 
1436   if (t1 != t2) {
1437     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
1438     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
1439     // class pairs as different.
1440     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
1441     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
1442     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
1443     return false;
1444   }
1445 
1446   switch (t1) {
1447   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1448   {
1449     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
1450     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
1451     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1452       return true;
1453     }
1454   } break;
1455 
1456   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1457   {
1458     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
1459     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
1460     if (d1 == d2) {
1461       return true;
1462     }
1463   } break;
1464 
1465   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1466   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1467   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1468   {
1469     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
1470     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
1471     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2);
1472     if (match) {
1473       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1474       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1475       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1476         return true;
1477       }
1478     }
1479   } break;
1480 
1481   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1482   {
1483     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
1484     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
1485     if (f1 == f2) {
1486       return true;
1487     }
1488   } break;
1489 
1490   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1491   {
1492     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
1493     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
1494     if (i1 == i2) {
1495       return true;
1496     }
1497   } break;
1498 
1499   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1500   {
1501     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
1502     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
1503     if (l1 == l2) {
1504       return true;
1505     }
1506   } break;
1507 
1508   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1509   {
1510     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
1511     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
1512     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1513       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
1514       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
1515       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1516         return true;
1517       }
1518     }
1519   } break;
1520 
1521   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1522   {
1523     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
1524     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
1525     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1526       return true;
1527     }
1528   } break;
1529 
1530   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1531   {
1532     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
1533     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
1534     if (k1 == k2) {
1535       return true;
1536     }
1537   } break;
1538 
1539   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1540   {
1541     int k1 = method_type_index_at(index1);
1542     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at(index2);
1543     if (compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2)) {
1544       return true;
1545     }
1546   } break;
1547 
1548   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1549   {
1550     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at(index1);
1551     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index2);
1552     if (k1 == k2) {
1553       int i1 = method_handle_index_at(index1);
1554       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at(index2);
1555       if (compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2)) {
1556         return true;
1557       }
1558     }
1559   } break;
1560 
1561   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1562   {
1563     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1564     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1565     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1566     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1567     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1568     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1569     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1570   } break;
1571 
1572   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1573   {
1574     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1575     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1576     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1577     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1578     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1579     bool match_operand = compare_operand_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1580     return (match_entry && match_operand);
1581   } break;
1582 
1583   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1584   {
1585     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1586     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1587     if (s1 == s2) {
1588       return true;
1589     }
1590   } break;
1591 
1592   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1593   {
1594     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1595     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1596     if (s1 == s2) {
1597       return true;
1598     }
1599   } break;
1600 
1601   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1602   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1603   // not be seen by itself.
1604   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1605 
1606   default:
1607     ShouldNotReachHere();
1608     break;
1609   }
1610 
1611   return false;
1612 } // end compare_entry_to()
1613 
1614 
1615 // Resize the operands array with delta_len and delta_size.
1616 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1617 void ConstantPool::resize_operands(int delta_len, int delta_size, TRAPS) {
1618   int old_len  = operand_array_length(operands());
1619   int new_len  = old_len + delta_len;
1620   int min_len  = (delta_len > 0) ? old_len : new_len;
1621 
1622   int old_size = operands()->length();
1623   int new_size = old_size + delta_size;
1624   int min_size = (delta_size > 0) ? old_size : new_size;
1625 
1626   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1627   Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_size, CHECK);
1628 
1629   // Set index in the resized array for existing elements only
1630   for (int idx = 0; idx < min_len; idx++) {
1631     int offset = operand_offset_at(idx);                       // offset in original array
1632     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, idx, offset + 2*delta_len); // offset in resized array
1633   }
1634   // Copy the bootstrap specifiers only
1635   Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(operands()->adr_at(2*old_len),
1636                                new_ops->adr_at(2*new_len),
1637                                (min_size - 2*min_len) * sizeof(u2));
1638   // Explicitly deallocate old operands array.
1639   // Note, it is not needed for 7u backport.
1640   if ( operands() != nullptr) { // the safety check
1641     MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, operands());
1642   }
1643   set_operands(new_ops);
1644 } // end resize_operands()
1645 
1646 
1647 // Extend the operands array with the length and size of the ext_cp operands.
1648 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1649 void ConstantPool::extend_operands(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1650   int delta_len = operand_array_length(ext_cp->operands());
1651   if (delta_len == 0) {
1652     return; // nothing to do
1653   }
1654   int delta_size = ext_cp->operands()->length();
1655 
1656   assert(delta_len  > 0 && delta_size > 0, "extended operands array must be bigger");
1657 
1658   if (operand_array_length(operands()) == 0) {
1659     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1660     Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, delta_size, CHECK);
1661     // The first element index defines the offset of second part
1662     operand_offset_at_put(new_ops, 0, 2*delta_len); // offset in new array
1663     set_operands(new_ops);
1664   } else {
1665     resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1666   }
1667 
1668 } // end extend_operands()
1669 
1670 
1671 // Shrink the operands array to a smaller array with new_len length.
1672 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1673 void ConstantPool::shrink_operands(int new_len, TRAPS) {
1674   int old_len = operand_array_length(operands());
1675   if (new_len == old_len) {
1676     return; // nothing to do
1677   }
1678   assert(new_len < old_len, "shrunken operands array must be smaller");
1679 
1680   int free_base  = operand_next_offset_at(new_len - 1);
1681   int delta_len  = new_len - old_len;
1682   int delta_size = 2*delta_len + free_base - operands()->length();
1683 
1684   resize_operands(delta_len, delta_size, CHECK);
1685 
1686 } // end shrink_operands()
1687 
1688 
1689 void ConstantPool::copy_operands(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1690                                  const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1691                                  TRAPS) {
1692 
1693   int from_oplen = operand_array_length(from_cp->operands());
1694   int old_oplen  = operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());
1695   if (from_oplen != 0) {
1696     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
1697     // append my operands to the target's operands array
1698     if (old_oplen == 0) {
1699       // Can't just reuse from_cp's operand list because of deallocation issues
1700       int len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1701       Array<u2>* new_ops = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, len, CHECK);
1702       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(
1703           from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0), new_ops->adr_at(0), len * sizeof(u2));
1704       to_cp->set_operands(new_ops);
1705     } else {
1706       int old_len  = to_cp->operands()->length();
1707       int from_len = from_cp->operands()->length();
1708       int old_off  = old_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1709       int from_off = from_oplen * sizeof(u2);
1710       // Use the metaspace for the destination constant pool
1711       Array<u2>* new_operands = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, old_len + from_len, CHECK);
1712       int fillp = 0, len = 0;
1713       // first part of dest
1714       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1715                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1716                                    (len = old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1717       fillp += len;
1718       // first part of src
1719       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(0),
1720                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1721                                    (len = from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1722       fillp += len;
1723       // second part of dest
1724       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(to_cp->operands()->adr_at(old_off),
1725                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1726                                    (len = old_len - old_off) * sizeof(u2));
1727       fillp += len;
1728       // second part of src
1729       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(from_cp->operands()->adr_at(from_off),
1730                                    new_operands->adr_at(fillp),
1731                                    (len = from_len - from_off) * sizeof(u2));
1732       fillp += len;
1733       assert(fillp == new_operands->length(), "");
1734 
1735       // Adjust indexes in the first part of the copied operands array.
1736       for (int j = 0; j < from_oplen; j++) {
1737         int offset = operand_offset_at(new_operands, old_oplen + j);
1738         assert(offset == operand_offset_at(from_cp->operands(), j), "correct copy");
1739         offset += old_len;  // every new tuple is preceded by old_len extra u2's
1740         operand_offset_at_put(new_operands, old_oplen + j, offset);
1741       }
1742 
1743       // replace target operands array with combined array
1744       to_cp->set_operands(new_operands);
1745     }
1746   }
1747 } // end copy_operands()
1748 
1749 
1750 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1751 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1752 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1753 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1754        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1755 
1756 
1757   int dest_cpi = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1758 
1759   for (int src_cpi = start_i; src_cpi <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1760     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_cpi, to_cp, dest_cpi);
1761 
1762     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_cpi).value()) {
1763     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1764     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1765       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1766       src_cpi += 2;
1767       dest_cpi += 2;
1768       break;
1769 
1770     default:
1771       // all others take one constant pool entry
1772       src_cpi++;
1773       dest_cpi++;
1774       break;
1775     }
1776   }
1777   copy_operands(from_cp, to_cp, CHECK);
1778 
1779 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1780 
1781 
1782 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1783 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1784 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1785                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i) {
1786 
1787   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1788   switch (tag) {
1789   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1790   {
1791     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1792     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1793   } break;
1794 
1795   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1796   {
1797     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1798     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1799     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1800     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1801   } break;
1802 
1803   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1804   {
1805     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1806     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1807     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1808   } break;
1809 
1810   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1811   {
1812     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1813     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1814   } break;
1815 
1816   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1817   {
1818     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1819     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1820   } break;
1821 
1822   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1823   {
1824     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1825     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1826     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1827   } break;
1828 
1829   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1830   {
1831     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1832     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1833     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1834     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1835   } break;
1836 
1837   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1838   {
1839     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1840     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1841     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1842   } break;
1843 
1844   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1845   {
1846     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1847     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1848     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1849   } break;
1850 
1851   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1852   {
1853     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1854     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1855   } break;
1856 
1857   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1858   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1859   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1860   {
1861     // Revert to JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex
1862     int name_index = from_cp->klass_slot_at(from_i).name_index();
1863     assert(from_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
1864     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, name_index);
1865   } break;
1866 
1867   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1868   {
1869     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1870     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1871   } break;
1872 
1873   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1874   {
1875     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1876     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1877     s->increment_refcount();
1878     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1879   } break;
1880 
1881   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1882   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1883   {
1884     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at(from_i);
1885     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1886   } break;
1887 
1888   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1889   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1890   {
1891     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(from_i);
1892     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at(from_i);
1893     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1894   } break;
1895 
1896   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1897   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1898   {
1899     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1900     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1901     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1902     to_cp->dynamic_constant_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1903   } break;
1904 
1905   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1906   {
1907     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1908     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1909     k1 += operand_array_length(to_cp->operands());  // to_cp might already have operands
1910     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1911   } break;
1912 
1913   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1914   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1915   // not be seen by itself.
1916   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1917 
1918   default:
1919   {
1920     ShouldNotReachHere();
1921   } break;
1922   }
1923 } // end copy_entry_to()
1924 
1925 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1926 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1927 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1928 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1929       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp) {
1930 
1931   // index zero (0) is not used
1932   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1933     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1934     if (found) {
1935       return i;
1936     }
1937   }
1938 
1939   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1940 } // end find_matching_entry()
1941 
1942 
1943 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1944 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1945 bool ConstantPool::compare_operand_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2) {
1946   BSMAttributeEntry* e1 = bsm_attribute_entry(idx1);
1947   BSMAttributeEntry* e2 = cp2->bsm_attribute_entry(idx2);
1948   int k1 = e1->bootstrap_method_index();
1949   int k2 = e2->bootstrap_method_index();
1950   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1951 
1952   if (!match) {
1953     return false;
1954   }
1955   int argc = e1->argument_count();
1956   if (argc == e2->argument_count()) {
1957     for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1958       k1 = e1->argument_index(j);
1959       k2 = e2->argument_index(j);
1960       match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1961       if (!match) {
1962         return false;
1963       }
1964     }
1965     return true;           // got through loop; all elements equal
1966   }
1967   return false;
1968 } // end compare_operand_to()
1969 
1970 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1971 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier data at pattern_i index.
1972 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap attribute record or (-1) if there is no match.
1973 int ConstantPool::find_matching_operand(int pattern_i,
1974                     const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int search_len) {
1975   for (int i = 0; i < search_len; i++) {
1976     bool found = compare_operand_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1977     if (found) {
1978       return i;
1979     }
1980   }
1981   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier data not found; return unused index (-1)
1982 } // end find_matching_operand()
1983 
1984 
1985 #ifndef PRODUCT
1986 
1987 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int cp_index) {
1988 
1989   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1990 
1991   if (tag.is_string()) {
1992     return string_at_noresolve(cp_index);
1993   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1994     return klass_name_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1995   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1996     return symbol_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1997   }
1998   return "";
1999 }
2000 
2001 #endif // PRODUCT
2002 
2003 
2004 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
2005 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
2006   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
2007     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
2008     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
2009       return 1;
2010 
2011     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
2012       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
2013 
2014     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2015     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
2016     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
2017     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2018     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
2019     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
2020     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2021     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
2022       return 3;
2023 
2024     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2025     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
2026       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
2027 
2028     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
2029     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
2030     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2031     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2032     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
2033     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
2034       return 5;
2035 
2036     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2037     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
2038     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
2039       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
2040       return 5;
2041 
2042     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
2043     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
2044       return 9;
2045   }
2046   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
2047   return 1;
2048 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
2049 
2050 
2051 // SymbolHash is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
2052 // This function fills in SymbolHashs, one for utf8s and one for
2053 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
2054 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHash *symmap,
2055                                    SymbolHash *classmap) {
2056   jint size = 0;
2057 
2058   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
2059     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
2060     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
2061 
2062     switch(tag) {
2063       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2064         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2065         symmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
2066         break;
2067       }
2068       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2069       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2070       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2071         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2072         classmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
2073         break;
2074       }
2075       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
2076       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2077         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
2078         break;
2079       }
2080     }
2081   }
2082   return size;
2083 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
2084 
2085 
2086 // Copy cpool bytes.
2087 // Returns:
2088 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
2089 //   -1, in case of internal error
2090 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
2091 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
2092                                    SymbolHash* tbl,
2093                                    unsigned char *bytes) {
2094   u2   idx1, idx2;
2095   jint size  = 0;
2096   jint cnt   = length();
2097   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
2098 
2099   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
2100     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
2101     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
2102 
2103     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2104 
2105     *bytes = tag;
2106     switch(tag) {
2107       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
2108         break;
2109       }
2110       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
2111         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
2112         break;
2113       }
2114       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2115         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2116         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
2117         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
2118         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
2119         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
2120         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
2121             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
2122         }
2123         break;
2124       }
2125       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
2126         jint val = int_at(idx);
2127         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2128         break;
2129       }
2130       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
2131         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
2132         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2133         break;
2134       }
2135       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
2136         jlong val = long_at(idx);
2137         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2138         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
2139         break;
2140       }
2141       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2142         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
2143         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2144         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
2145         break;
2146       }
2147       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2148       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2149       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2150         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2151         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2152         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2153         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2154         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2155         break;
2156       }
2157       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
2158         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2159         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
2160         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2161         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2162         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2163         break;
2164       }
2165       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2166       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2167       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
2168         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
2169         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
2170         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2171         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2172         break;
2173       }
2174       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
2175         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
2176         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
2177         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2178         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2179         break;
2180       }
2181       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2182         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2183         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(klass_index_at(idx));
2184         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2185         break;
2186       }
2187       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
2188         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2189         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(string_index_at(idx));
2190         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2191         break;
2192       }
2193       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2194       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
2195         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
2196         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at(idx);
2197         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_handle_index_at(idx));
2198         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
2199         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
2200         break;
2201       }
2202       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2203       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
2204         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
2205         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_type_index_at(idx));
2206         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2207         break;
2208       }
2209       case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2210       case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError: {
2211         *bytes = tag;
2212         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2213         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2214         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2215         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2216         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2217         break;
2218       }
2219       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
2220         *bytes = tag;
2221         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2222         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2223         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2224         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2225         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2226         break;
2227       }
2228     }
2229     bytes += ent_size;
2230     size  += ent_size;
2231   }
2232   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2233 
2234   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
2235 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
2236 
2237 bool ConstantPool::is_maybe_on_stack() const {
2238   // This method uses the similar logic as nmethod::is_maybe_on_stack()
2239   if (!Continuations::enabled()) {
2240     return false;
2241   }
2242 
2243   // If the condition below is true, it means that the nmethod was found to
2244   // be alive the previous completed marking cycle.
2245   return cache()->gc_epoch() >= CodeCache::previous_completed_gc_marking_cycle();
2246 }
2247 
2248 // For redefinition, if any methods found in loom stack chunks, the gc_epoch is
2249 // recorded in their constant pool cache. The on_stack-ness of the constant pool controls whether
2250 // memory for the method is reclaimed.
2251 bool ConstantPool::on_stack() const {
2252   if ((_flags &_on_stack) != 0) {
2253     return true;
2254   }
2255 
2256   if (_cache == nullptr) {
2257     return false;
2258   }
2259 
2260   return is_maybe_on_stack();
2261 }
2262 
2263 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
2264   if (value) {
2265     // Only record if it's not already set.
2266     if (!on_stack()) {
2267       assert(!in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
2268       _flags |= _on_stack;
2269       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
2270     }
2271   } else {
2272     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
2273     if (!in_aot_cache()) {
2274       _flags &= (u2)(~_on_stack);
2275     }
2276   }
2277 }
2278 
2279 // Printing
2280 
2281 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
2282   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2283   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
2284   if (flags() != 0) {
2285     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
2286     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
2287     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
2288     st->cr();
2289   }
2290   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2291     st->print_cr(" - holder: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
2292   }
2293   st->print_cr(" - cache: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2294   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references_or_null()));
2295   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
2296   st->print_cr(" - resolved_klasses: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_klasses()));
2297   st->print_cr(" - cp length: %d", length());
2298 
2299   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
2300     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
2301     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
2302       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2303       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2304         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
2305     }
2306 
2307   }
2308   st->cr();
2309 }
2310 
2311 // Print one constant pool entry
2312 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int cp_index, outputStream* st) {
2313   EXCEPTION_MARK;
2314   st->print(" - %3d : ", cp_index);
2315   tag_at(cp_index).print_on(st);
2316   st->print(" : ");
2317   switch (tag_at(cp_index).value()) {
2318     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
2319       { Klass* k = klass_at(cp_index, CATCH);
2320         guarantee(k != nullptr, "need klass");
2321         k->print_value_on(st);
2322         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
2323       }
2324       break;
2325     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
2326     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
2327     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
2328       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2329       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2330       break;
2331     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
2332       unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2333       break;
2334     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
2335       st->print("%d", int_at(cp_index));
2336       break;
2337     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
2338       st->print("%f", float_at(cp_index));
2339       break;
2340     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2341       st->print_jlong(long_at(cp_index));
2342       break;
2343     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2344       st->print("%lf", double_at(cp_index));
2345       break;
2346     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
2347       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2348       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2349       break;
2350     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
2351       symbol_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2352       break;
2353     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2354         int name_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
2355         st->print("klass_index=%d ", name_index);
2356         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2357       }
2358       break;
2359     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
2360     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2361         CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(cp_index);
2362         int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
2363         int name_index = kslot.name_index();
2364         assert(tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
2365         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2366       }
2367       break;
2368     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
2369     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
2370       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index));
2371       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
2372       break;
2373     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
2374     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2375       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at(cp_index));
2376       break;
2377     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic :
2378     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError :
2379       {
2380         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2381         st->print(" type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2382         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2383         if (argc > 0) {
2384           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2385             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2386             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2387           }
2388           st->print("}");
2389         }
2390       }
2391       break;
2392     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2393       {
2394         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2395         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2396         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2397         if (argc > 0) {
2398           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2399             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2400             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2401           }
2402           st->print("}");
2403         }
2404       }
2405       break;
2406     default:
2407       ShouldNotReachHere();
2408       break;
2409   }
2410   st->cr();
2411 }
2412 
2413 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2414   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2415   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2416   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2417   if (operands() != nullptr)  st->print("/operands[%d]", operands()->length());
2418   print_address_on(st);
2419   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2420     st->print(" for ");
2421     pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2422     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2423     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2424   }
2425   if (cache() != nullptr) {
2426     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2427   }
2428 }
2429 
2430 // Verification
2431 
2432 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2433   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2434   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2435     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2436     if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2437       guarantee(klass_name_at(i)->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2438     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2439       Symbol* entry = symbol_at(i);
2440       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2441     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2442       Symbol* entry = unresolved_string_at(i);
2443       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2444     }
2445   }
2446   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2447     // Note: pool_holder() can be null in temporary constant pools
2448     // used during constant pool merging
2449     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2450   }
2451 }