1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  39 #include "interpreter/bootstrapInfo.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  41 #include "jvm.h"
  42 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/array.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/cpCache.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  72 
  73 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  74   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  75   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  76   return new (loader_data, size, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  77 }
  78 
  79 void ConstantPool::copy_fields(const ConstantPool* orig) {
  80   // Preserve dynamic constant information from the original pool
  81   if (orig->has_dynamic_constant()) {
  82     set_has_dynamic_constant();
  83   }
  84 
  85   set_major_version(orig->major_version());
  86   set_minor_version(orig->minor_version());
  87 
  88   set_source_file_name_index(orig->source_file_name_index());
  89   set_generic_signature_index(orig->generic_signature_index());
  90 }
  91 
  92 #ifdef ASSERT
  93 
  94 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  95 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
  96 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
  97   assert(tags != nullptr, "invariant");
  98   const int length = tags->length();
  99   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
 100     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
 101       return false;
 102     }
 103   }
 104   return true;
 105 }
 106 
 107 #endif
 108 
 109 ConstantPool::ConstantPool() {
 110   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "only for CDS");
 111 }
 112 
 113 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
 114   _tags(tags),
 115   _length(tags->length()) {
 116 
 117     assert(_tags != nullptr, "invariant");
 118     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
 119     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
 120     assert(0 == flags(), "invariant");
 121     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
 122     assert(nullptr == _pool_holder, "invariant");
 123 }
 124 
 125 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
 126   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 127     MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
 128     set_cache(nullptr);
 129   }
 130 
 131   MetadataFactory::free_array<Klass*>(loader_data, resolved_klasses());
 132   set_resolved_klasses(nullptr);
 133 
 134   bsm_entries().deallocate_contents(loader_data);
 135 
 136   release_C_heap_structures();
 137 
 138   // free tag array
 139   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 140   set_tags(nullptr);
 141 }
 142 
 143 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 144   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 145   unreference_symbols();
 146 }
 147 
 148 void ConstantPool::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 149   log_trace(aot)("Iter(ConstantPool): %p", this);
 150 
 151   it->push(&_tags, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 152   it->push(&_cache);
 153   it->push(&_pool_holder);
 154   it->push(&bsm_entries().offsets());
 155   it->push(&bsm_entries().bootstrap_methods());
 156   it->push(&_resolved_klasses, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 157 
 158   for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
 159     // The only MSO's embedded in the CP entries are Symbols:
 160     //   JVM_CONSTANT_String
 161     //   JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8
 162     constantTag ctag = tag_at(i);
 163     if (ctag.is_string() || ctag.is_utf8()) {
 164       it->push(symbol_at_addr(i));
 165     }
 166   }
 167 }
 168 
 169 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 170   return _cache->resolved_references();
 171 }
 172 
 173 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 174 // may not be present.
 175 objArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 176   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 177     return nullptr;
 178   } else {
 179     return _cache->resolved_references();
 180   }
 181 }
 182 
 183 oop ConstantPool::resolved_reference_at(int index) const {
 184   oop result = resolved_references()->obj_at(index);
 185   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(result), "Must be oop");
 186   return result;
 187 }
 188 
 189 // Use a CAS for multithreaded access
 190 oop ConstantPool::set_resolved_reference_at(int index, oop new_result) {
 191   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(new_result), "Must be oop");
 192   return resolved_references()->replace_if_null(index, new_result);
 193 }
 194 
 195 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 196 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 197 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 198 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 199 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 200                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 201                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 202                                                   TRAPS) {
 203   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 204   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 205   if (map_length > 0) {
 206     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 207     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 208     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 209     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 210     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 211       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 212 
 213       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 214         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 215         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 216         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 217       }
 218       set_reference_map(om);
 219     }
 220 
 221     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 222     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 223     objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 224     HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 225     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 226     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 227 
 228     // Create a "scratch" copy of the resolved references array to archive
 229     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 230       objArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 231       HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 232     }
 233   }
 234 }
 235 
 236 void ConstantPool::allocate_resolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int num_klasses, TRAPS) {
 237   // A ConstantPool can't possibly have 0xffff valid class entries,
 238   // because entry #0 must be CONSTANT_Invalid, and each class entry must refer to a UTF8
 239   // entry for the class's name. So at most we will have 0xfffe class entries.
 240   // This allows us to use 0xffff (ConstantPool::_temp_resolved_klass_index) to indicate
 241   // UnresolvedKlass entries that are temporarily created during class redefinition.
 242   assert(num_klasses < CPKlassSlot::_temp_resolved_klass_index, "sanity");
 243   assert(resolved_klasses() == nullptr, "sanity");
 244   Array<Klass*>* rk = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(loader_data, num_klasses, CHECK);
 245   set_resolved_klasses(rk);
 246 }
 247 
 248 void ConstantPool::initialize_unresolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
 249   int len = length();
 250   int num_klasses = 0;
 251   for (int i = 1; i <len; i++) {
 252     switch (tag_at(i).value()) {
 253     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 254       {
 255         const int class_index = klass_index_at(i);
 256         unresolved_klass_at_put(i, class_index, num_klasses++);
 257       }
 258       break;
 259 #ifndef PRODUCT
 260     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 261     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 262     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 263       // All of these should have been reverted back to ClassIndex before calling
 264       // this function.
 265       ShouldNotReachHere();
 266 #endif
 267     }
 268   }
 269   allocate_resolved_klasses(loader_data, num_klasses, THREAD);
 270 }
 271 
 272 // Hidden class support:
 273 void ConstantPool::klass_at_put(int class_index, Klass* k) {
 274   assert(k != nullptr, "must be valid klass");
 275   CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(class_index);
 276   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 277   Klass** adr = resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 278   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 279 
 280   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 281   // and the Klass* non-null, so we need hardware store ordering here.
 282   release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 283 }
 284 
 285 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 286 template <typename Function>
 287 void ConstantPool::iterate_archivable_resolved_references(Function function) {
 288   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 289   if (rr != nullptr && cache() != nullptr && CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 290     Array<ResolvedIndyEntry>* indy_entries = cache()->resolved_indy_entries();
 291     if (indy_entries != nullptr) {
 292       for (int i = 0; i < indy_entries->length(); i++) {
 293         ResolvedIndyEntry *rie = indy_entries->adr_at(i);
 294         if (rie->is_resolved() && AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(this, rie->constant_pool_index())) {
 295           int rr_index = rie->resolved_references_index();
 296           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 297           function(rr_index);
 298 
 299           // Save the BSM as well (sometimes the JIT looks up the BSM it for replay)
 300           int indy_cp_index = rie->constant_pool_index();
 301           int bsm_mh_cp_index = bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(indy_cp_index);
 302           int bsm_rr_index = cp_to_object_index(bsm_mh_cp_index);
 303           assert(resolved_reference_at(bsm_rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 304           function(bsm_rr_index);
 305         }
 306       }
 307     }
 308 
 309     Array<ResolvedMethodEntry>* method_entries = cache()->resolved_method_entries();
 310     if (method_entries != nullptr) {
 311       for (int i = 0; i < method_entries->length(); i++) {
 312         ResolvedMethodEntry* rme = method_entries->adr_at(i);
 313         const char* rejection_reason = nullptr;
 314         if (rme->is_resolved(Bytecodes::_invokehandle) && rme->has_appendix() &&
 315                                cache()->can_archive_resolved_method(this, rme, rejection_reason)) {
 316           int rr_index = rme->resolved_references_index();
 317           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 318           function(rr_index);
 319         }
 320       }
 321     }
 322   }
 323 }
 324 
 325 // Returns the _resolved_reference array after removing unarchivable items from it.
 326 // Returns null if this class is not supported, or _resolved_reference doesn't exist.
 327 objArrayOop ConstantPool::prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving() {
 328   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 329     return nullptr; // nothing to do
 330   }
 331 
 332   InstanceKlass *ik = pool_holder();
 333   if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(ik->class_loader_data())) {
 334     // Archiving resolved references for classes from non-builtin loaders
 335     // is not yet supported.
 336     return nullptr;
 337   }
 338 
 339   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 340   if (rr != nullptr) {
 341     ResourceMark rm;
 342     int rr_len = rr->length();
 343     GrowableArray<bool> keep_resolved_refs(rr_len, rr_len, false);
 344 
 345     iterate_archivable_resolved_references([&](int rr_index) {
 346       keep_resolved_refs.at_put(rr_index, true);
 347     });
 348 
 349     objArrayOop scratch_rr = HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(this);
 350     Array<u2>* ref_map = reference_map();
 351     int ref_map_len = ref_map == nullptr ? 0 : ref_map->length();
 352     for (int i = 0; i < rr_len; i++) {
 353       oop obj = rr->obj_at(i);
 354       scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, nullptr);
 355       if (obj != nullptr) {
 356         if (i < ref_map_len) {
 357           int index = object_to_cp_index(i);
 358           if (tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 359             assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(obj), "must be");
 360             if (!HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 361               scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 362             }
 363             continue;
 364           }
 365         }
 366 
 367         if (keep_resolved_refs.at(i)) {
 368           scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 369         }
 370       }
 371     }
 372     return scratch_rr;
 373   }
 374   return rr;
 375 }
 376 #endif
 377 
 378 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 379 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 380 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 381   if (!_pool_holder->is_linked() && !_pool_holder->is_rewritten()) {
 382     return;
 383   }
 384   assert(is_constantPool(), "ensure C++ vtable is restored");
 385   assert(on_stack(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 386   assert(in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 387   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 388     // See the same check in remove_unshareable_info() below.
 389     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 390     return;
 391   }
 392   assert(_cache != nullptr, "constant pool _cache should not be null");
 393 
 394   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 395   if (resolved_references() != nullptr) return;
 396 
 397   if (vmClasses::Object_klass_is_loaded()) {
 398     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 399 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 400     if (HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() &&
 401         _cache->archived_references() != nullptr) {
 402       oop archived = _cache->archived_references();
 403       // Create handle for the archived resolved reference array object
 404       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 405       Handle refs_handle(THREAD, archived);
 406       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 407       _cache->clear_archived_references();
 408     } else
 409 #endif
 410     {
 411       // No mapped archived resolved reference array
 412       // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 413       int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 414       if (map_length > 0) {
 415         objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 416         HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 417         Handle refs_handle(THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 418         set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 419       }
 420     }
 421   }
 422 
 423   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && resolved_references() != nullptr) {
 424     objArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), resolved_references()->length(), CHECK);
 425     HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 426   }
 427 }
 428 
 429 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 430   // ConstantPools in AOT cache are in the RO region, so the _flags cannot be modified.
 431   // The _on_stack flag is used to prevent ConstantPools from deallocation during
 432   // class redefinition. Since such ConstantPools cannot be deallocated anyway,
 433   // we always set _on_stack to true to avoid having to change _flags during runtime.
 434   _flags |= (_on_stack | _in_aot_cache);
 435 
 436   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 437     // This CP was created by Method::make_method_handle_intrinsic() and has nothing
 438     // that need to be removed/restored. It has no cpCache since the intrinsic methods
 439     // don't have any bytecodes.
 440     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 441     return;
 442   }
 443 
 444   bool update_resolved_reference = true;
 445   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 446     ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 447     InstanceKlass* src_holder = src_cp->pool_holder();
 448     if (src_holder->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 449       // Unregistered classes are not loaded in the AOT assembly phase. The resolved reference length
 450       // is already saved during the training run.
 451       precond(!src_holder->is_loaded());
 452       precond(resolved_reference_length() >= 0);
 453       precond(resolved_references() == nullptr);
 454       update_resolved_reference = false;
 455     }
 456   }
 457 
 458   // resolved_references(): remember its length. If it cannot be restored
 459   // from the archived heap objects at run time, we need to dynamically allocate it.
 460   if (update_resolved_reference && cache() != nullptr) {
 461     set_resolved_reference_length(
 462         resolved_references() != nullptr ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 463     set_resolved_references(OopHandle());
 464   }
 465   remove_unshareable_entries();
 466 }
 467 
 468 static const char* get_type(Klass* k) {
 469   const char* type;
 470   Klass* src_k;
 471   if (ArchiveBuilder::is_active() && ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(k)) {
 472     src_k = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(k);
 473   } else {
 474     src_k = k;
 475   }
 476 
 477   if (src_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 478     src_k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(src_k)->bottom_klass();
 479     assert(!src_k->is_objArray_klass(), "sanity");
 480   }
 481 
 482   if (src_k->is_typeArray_klass()) {
 483     type = "prim";
 484   } else {
 485     InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(src_k);
 486     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && src_ik->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
 487       return "unreg";
 488     }
 489     if (src_ik->defined_by_boot_loader()) {
 490       return "boot";
 491     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_platform_loader()) {
 492       return "plat";
 493     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_app_loader()) {
 494       return "app";
 495     } else {
 496       return "unreg";
 497     }
 498   }
 499 
 500   return type;
 501 }
 502 
 503 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_entries() {
 504   ResourceMark rm;
 505   log_info(aot, resolve)("Archiving CP entries for %s", pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string());
 506   for (int cp_index = 1; cp_index < length(); cp_index++) { // cp_index 0 is unused
 507     int cp_tag = tag_at(cp_index).value();
 508     switch (cp_tag) {
 509     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 510       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, false);
 511       break;
 512     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 513       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 514       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, true);
 515       break;
 516     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 517       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle);
 518       break;
 519     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 520       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType);
 521       break;
 522     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
 523       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic);
 524       break;
 525     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 526       remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(cp_index);
 527       break;
 528     default:
 529       break;
 530     }
 531   }
 532 
 533   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 534     // cache() is null if this class is not yet linked.
 535     cache()->remove_unshareable_info();
 536   }
 537 }
 538 
 539 void ConstantPool::remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(int cp_index) {
 540   assert(ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(this), "must be");
 541   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "must be resolved");
 542 
 543   bool can_archive;
 544   Klass* k = nullptr;
 545 
 546   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 547     can_archive = false;
 548   } else {
 549     k = resolved_klass_at(cp_index);
 550     if (k == nullptr) {
 551       // We'd come here if the referenced class has been excluded via
 552       // SystemDictionaryShared::is_excluded_class(). As a result, ArchiveBuilder
 553       // has cleared the resolved_klasses()->at(...) pointer to null. Thus, we
 554       // need to revert the tag to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass.
 555       can_archive = false;
 556     } else {
 557       ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 558       can_archive = AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(src_cp, cp_index);
 559     }
 560   }
 561 
 562   if (!can_archive) {
 563     int resolved_klass_index = klass_slot_at(cp_index).resolved_klass_index();
 564     // This might be at a safepoint but do this in the right order.
 565     tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 566     resolved_klasses()->at_put(resolved_klass_index, nullptr);
 567   }
 568 
 569   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) log;
 570   if (log.is_enabled()) {
 571     ResourceMark rm;
 572     log.print("%s klass  CP entry [%3d]: %s %s",
 573               (can_archive ? "archived" : "reverted"),
 574               cp_index, pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(pool_holder()));
 575     if (can_archive) {
 576       log.print(" => %s %s%s", k->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(k),
 577                 (!k->is_instance_klass() || pool_holder()->is_subtype_of(k)) ? "" : " (not supertype)");
 578     } else {
 579       Symbol* name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
 580       log.print(" => %s", name->as_C_string());
 581     }
 582   }
 583 
 584   ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(can_archive, /*reverted=*/!can_archive);
 585 }
 586 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
 587 
 588 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 589   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 590   int i = reference_map()->find(checked_cast<u2>(cp_index));
 591   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 592   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 593 }
 594 
 595 void ConstantPool::string_at_put(int obj_index, oop str) {
 596   oop result = set_resolved_reference_at(obj_index, str);
 597   assert(result == nullptr || result == str, "Only set once or to the same string.");
 598 }
 599 
 600 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k) {
 601   ResourceMark rm;
 602   int line_number = -1;
 603   const char * source_file = nullptr;
 604   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 605     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 606     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 607     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 608       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 609       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 610       if (s != nullptr) {
 611         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 612       }
 613     }
 614   }
 615   if (k != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 616     // only print something if the classes are different
 617     if (source_file != nullptr) {
 618       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d",
 619                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 620                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 621     } else {
 622       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s",
 623                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 624                  k->external_name());
 625     }
 626   }
 627 }
 628 
 629 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
 630                                    TRAPS) {
 631   JavaThread* javaThread = THREAD;
 632 
 633   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 634   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 635   // the entry and tag is not updated atomically.
 636   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(cp_index);
 637   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 638   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 639   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 640 
 641   // The tag must be JVM_CONSTANT_Class in order to read the correct value from
 642   // the unresolved_klasses() array.
 643   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass()) {
 644     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 645     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 646     return klass;
 647   }
 648 
 649   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 650   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 651     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 652     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 653     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 654     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 655     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 656     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 657     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 658     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 659     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 660     ShouldNotReachHere();
 661   }
 662 
 663   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 664   Handle mirror_handle;
 665   Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 666   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 667 
 668   Klass* k;
 669   {
 670     // Turn off the single stepping while doing class resolution
 671     JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 672     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, true, THREAD);
 673   } //  JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 674 
 675   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 676     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 677     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k->java_mirror());
 678     // Do access check for klasses
 679     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 680   }
 681 
 682   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 683   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 684   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 685     save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 686     // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 687     // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 688     // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 689     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 690     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 691     return klass;
 692   }
 693 
 694   // logging for class+resolve.
 695   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)){
 696     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 697   }
 698 
 699   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 700   // and the Klass* stored in _resolved_klasses is non-null, so we need
 701   // hardware store ordering here.
 702   // We also need to CAS to not overwrite an error from a racing thread.
 703   Klass** adr = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 704   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 705 
 706   jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
 707                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass,
 708                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 709 
 710   // We need to recheck exceptions from racing thread and return the same.
 711   if (old_tag == JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError) {
 712     // Remove klass.
 713     AtomicAccess::store(adr, (Klass*)nullptr);
 714     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 715   }
 716 
 717   return k;
 718 }
 719 
 720 
 721 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 722 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 723 // instanceof operations. Returns null if the class has not been loaded or
 724 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 725 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 726   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(which);
 727   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 728   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 729   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 730 
 731   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass()) {
 732     Klass* k = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 733     assert(k != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 734     return k;
 735   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 736     return nullptr;
 737   } else {
 738     Thread* current = Thread::current();
 739     HandleMark hm(current);
 740     Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 741     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 742     Handle h_loader (current, loader);
 743     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, name, h_loader);
 744 
 745     // Avoid constant pool verification at a safepoint, as it takes the Module_lock.
 746     if (k != nullptr && current->is_Java_thread()) {
 747       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 748       JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::cast(current); // For exception macros.
 749       ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
 750       // return null if verification fails
 751       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 752       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 753         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 754         return nullptr;
 755       }
 756       return k;
 757     } else {
 758       return k;
 759     }
 760   }
 761 }
 762 
 763 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 764                                                    int which) {
 765   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 766   if (!(which >= 0 && which < cpool->resolved_method_entries_length())) {
 767     // FIXME: should be an assert
 768     log_debug(class, resolve)("bad BSM %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 769     return nullptr;
 770   }
 771   return cpool->cache()->method_if_resolved(which);
 772 }
 773 
 774 
 775 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 776   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 777   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 778     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 779   } else {
 780     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 781   }
 782 }
 783 
 784 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 785   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 786   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 787     return cpool->resolved_reference_from_indy(which);
 788   } else {
 789     return cpool->cache()->appendix_if_resolved(which);
 790   }
 791 }
 792 
 793 
 794 bool ConstantPool::has_local_signature_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 795   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 796   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 797     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 798   } else {
 799     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 800   }
 801 }
 802 
 803 // Translate index, which could be CPCache index or Indy index, to a constant pool index
 804 int ConstantPool::to_cp_index(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 805   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 806   switch(code) {
 807     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 808       return invokedynamic_bootstrap_ref_index_at(index);
 809     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 810     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 811     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 812     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 813       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 814     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 815     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 816     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 817     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 818     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 819     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 820       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 821     default:
 822       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 823   }
 824 }
 825 
 826 bool ConstantPool::is_resolved(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 827   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 828   switch(code) {
 829     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 830       return resolved_indy_entry_at(index)->is_resolved();
 831 
 832     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 833     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 834     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 835     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 836       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 837 
 838     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 839     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 840     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 841     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 842     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 843     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 844       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 845 
 846     default:
 847       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 848   }
 849 }
 850 
 851 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int cp_index)  {
 852   if (tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap()) {
 853     u2 pool_index = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 854     assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 855     return pool_index;
 856   }
 857   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 858   assert(!tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap(), "Must be handled above");
 859   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 860   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 861 }
 862 
 863 u2 ConstantPool::name_and_type_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 864   return uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 865 }
 866 
 867 constantTag ConstantPool::tag_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 868   // which may be either a Constant Pool index or a rewritten index
 869   int pool_index = which;
 870   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 871   pool_index = to_cp_index(which, code);
 872   return tag_at(pool_index);
 873 }
 874 
 875 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 876   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 877   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 878   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 879 }
 880 
 881 u2 ConstantPool::klass_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 882   assert(code != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic,
 883             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 884   return uncached_klass_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 885 }
 886 
 887 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 888   if (!(k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass())) {
 889     return;  // short cut, typeArray klass is always accessible
 890   }
 891   Klass* holder = this_cp->pool_holder();
 892   LinkResolver::check_klass_accessibility(holder, k, CHECK);
 893 }
 894 
 895 
 896 u2 ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 897   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 898   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 899 }
 900 
 901 
 902 u2 ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 903   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 904   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 905 }
 906 
 907 
 908 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code, TRAPS) {
 909   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which, code), THREAD);
 910 }
 911 
 912 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int cp_index) const {
 913   return symbol_at(klass_slot_at(cp_index).name_index());
 914 }
 915 
 916 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 917   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which, code);
 918   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 919 }
 920 
 921 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 922   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 923   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 924 }
 925 
 926 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 927   return unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
 928 }
 929 
 930 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int cp_index) const {
 931   return Signature::basic_type(symbol_at(cp_index));
 932 }
 933 
 934 
 935 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 936   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 937     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 938       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 939     }
 940   }
 941 }
 942 
 943 static const char* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 944   // Note: caller needs ResourceMark
 945 
 946   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 947   const char* msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(pending_exception);
 948   if (msg != nullptr) {
 949     return msg;
 950   }
 951 
 952   Symbol* message = nullptr;
 953   // Return specific message for the tag
 954   switch (tag.value()) {
 955   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 956     // return the class name in the error message
 957     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 958     break;
 959   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 960     // return the method handle name in the error message
 961     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 962     break;
 963   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 964     // return the method type signature in the error message
 965     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 966     break;
 967   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
 968     // return the name of the condy in the error message
 969     message = this_cp->uncached_name_ref_at(which);
 970     break;
 971   default:
 972     ShouldNotReachHere();
 973   }
 974 
 975   return message != nullptr ? message->as_C_string() : nullptr;
 976 }
 977 
 978 static void add_resolution_error(JavaThread* current, const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 979                                  constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 980 
 981   ResourceMark rm(current);
 982   Symbol* error = pending_exception->klass()->name();
 983   oop cause = java_lang_Throwable::cause(pending_exception);
 984 
 985   // Also dig out the exception cause, if present.
 986   Symbol* cause_sym = nullptr;
 987   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
 988   if (cause != nullptr && cause != pending_exception) {
 989     cause_sym = cause->klass()->name();
 990     cause_msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(cause);
 991   }
 992 
 993   const char* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, pending_exception);
 994   SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message, cause_sym, cause_msg);
 995 }
 996 
 997 
 998 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
 999   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1000   const char* message = nullptr;
1001   Symbol* cause = nullptr;
1002   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
1003   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message, &cause, &cause_msg);
1004   assert(error != nullptr, "checking");
1005 
1006   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1007   if (message != nullptr) {
1008     if (cause != nullptr) {
1009       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1010       THROW_MSG_CAUSE(error, message, h_cause);
1011     } else {
1012       THROW_MSG(error, message);
1013     }
1014   } else {
1015     if (cause != nullptr) {
1016       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1017       THROW_CAUSE(error, h_cause);
1018     } else {
1019       THROW(error);
1020     }
1021   }
1022 }
1023 
1024 // If resolution for Class, Dynamic constant, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the
1025 // exception in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
1026 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1027                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
1028 
1029   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
1030 
1031   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
1032     is_a(vmClasses::LinkageError_klass())) {
1033     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
1034     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
1035     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
1036     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
1037   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).value() != error_tag) {
1038     add_resolution_error(THREAD, this_cp, cp_index, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
1039     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
1040     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
1041     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
1042     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
1043     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
1044     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
1045     jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
1046                                           (jbyte)tag.value(),
1047                                           (jbyte)error_tag);
1048     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
1049       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
1050       assert(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
1051       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
1052       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1053     }
1054   } else {
1055     // some other thread put this in error state
1056     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK);
1057   }
1058 }
1059 
1060 constantTag ConstantPool::constant_tag_at(int cp_index) {
1061   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1062   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant()) {
1063     BasicType bt = basic_type_for_constant_at(cp_index);
1064     return constantTag(constantTag::type2tag(bt));
1065   }
1066   return tag;
1067 }
1068 
1069 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_constant_at(int cp_index) {
1070   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1071   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant() ||
1072       tag.is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
1073     // have to look at the signature for this one
1074     Symbol* constant_type = uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1075     return Signature::basic_type(constant_type);
1076   }
1077   return tag.basic_type();
1078 }
1079 
1080 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
1081 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
1082 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
1083 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp,
1084                                            int cp_index, int cache_index,
1085                                            bool* status_return, TRAPS) {
1086   oop result_oop = nullptr;
1087 
1088   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
1089     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
1090     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
1091     // FIXME: If bootstrap specifiers stress this code, consider putting in
1092     // a reverse index.  Binary search over a short array should do it.
1093     assert(cp_index > 0, "valid constant pool index");
1094     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(cp_index);
1095   }
1096   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
1097   assert(cp_index == _no_index_sentinel || cp_index >= 0, "");
1098 
1099   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1100     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(cache_index);
1101     if (result_oop != nullptr) {
1102       if (result_oop == Universe::the_null_sentinel()) {
1103         DEBUG_ONLY(int temp_index = (cp_index >= 0 ? cp_index : this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index)));
1104         assert(this_cp->tag_at(temp_index).is_dynamic_constant(), "only condy uses the null sentinel");
1105         result_oop = nullptr;
1106       }
1107       if (status_return != nullptr)  (*status_return) = true;
1108       return result_oop;
1109       // That was easy...
1110     }
1111     cp_index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
1112   }
1113 
1114   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
1115 
1116   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(cp_index);
1117 
1118   if (status_return != nullptr) {
1119     // don't trigger resolution if the constant might need it
1120     switch (tag.value()) {
1121     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1122       assert(this_cp->resolved_klass_at(cp_index) != nullptr, "must be resolved");
1123       break;
1124     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1125     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1126     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1127     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1128     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1129       // these guys trigger OOM at worst
1130       break;
1131     default:
1132       (*status_return) = false;
1133       return nullptr;
1134     }
1135     // from now on there is either success or an OOME
1136     (*status_return) = true;
1137   }
1138 
1139   switch (tag.value()) {
1140 
1141   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1142   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1143     {
1144       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1145       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1146       // ldc wants the java mirror.
1147       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
1148       break;
1149     }
1150 
1151   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1152     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_time(),
1153                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_count());
1154 
1155       // Resolve the Dynamically-Computed constant to invoke the BSM in order to obtain the resulting oop.
1156       BootstrapInfo bootstrap_specifier(this_cp, cp_index);
1157 
1158       // The initial step in resolving an unresolved symbolic reference to a
1159       // dynamically-computed constant is to resolve the symbolic reference to a
1160       // method handle which will be the bootstrap method for the dynamically-computed
1161       // constant. If resolution of the java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle for the bootstrap
1162       // method fails, then a MethodHandleInError is stored at the corresponding
1163       // bootstrap method's CP index for the CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info. No need to
1164       // set a DynamicConstantInError here since any subsequent use of this
1165       // bootstrap method will encounter the resolution of MethodHandleInError.
1166       // Both the first, (resolution of the BSM and its static arguments), and the second tasks,
1167       // (invocation of the BSM), of JVMS Section 5.4.3.6 occur within invoke_bootstrap_method()
1168       // for the bootstrap_specifier created above.
1169       SystemDictionary::invoke_bootstrap_method(bootstrap_specifier, THREAD);
1170       Exceptions::wrap_dynamic_exception(/* is_indy */ false, THREAD);
1171       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1172         // Resolution failure of the dynamically-computed constant, save_and_throw_exception
1173         // will check for a LinkageError and store a DynamicConstantInError.
1174         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1175       }
1176       result_oop = bootstrap_specifier.resolved_value()();
1177       BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(bootstrap_specifier.signature());
1178       if (!is_reference_type(type)) {
1179         // Make sure the primitive value is properly boxed.
1180         // This is a JDK responsibility.
1181         const char* fail = nullptr;
1182         if (result_oop == nullptr) {
1183           fail = "null result instead of box";
1184         } else if (!is_java_primitive(type)) {
1185           // FIXME: support value types via unboxing
1186           fail = "can only handle references and primitives";
1187         } else if (!java_lang_boxing_object::is_instance(result_oop, type)) {
1188           fail = "primitive is not properly boxed";
1189         }
1190         if (fail != nullptr) {
1191           // Since this exception is not a LinkageError, throw exception
1192           // but do not save a DynamicInError resolution result.
1193           // See section 5.4.3 of the VM spec.
1194           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), fail);
1195         }
1196       }
1197 
1198       LogTarget(Debug, methodhandles, condy) lt_condy;
1199       if (lt_condy.is_enabled()) {
1200         LogStream ls(lt_condy);
1201         bootstrap_specifier.print_msg_on(&ls, "resolve_constant_at_impl");
1202       }
1203       break;
1204     }
1205 
1206   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1207     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
1208     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
1209     break;
1210 
1211   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1212     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_time(),
1213                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_count());
1214 
1215       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index);
1216       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(cp_index);
1217       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(cp_index);
1218       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1219       constantTag m_tag  = this_cp->tag_at(this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
1220       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1221         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
1222                               ref_kind, cp_index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index),
1223                               callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
1224       }
1225 
1226       Klass* callee = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, THREAD);
1227       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1228         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1229       }
1230 
1231       // Check constant pool method consistency
1232       if ((callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_method()) ||
1233           (!callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_interface_method())) {
1234         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1235         stringStream ss;
1236         ss.print("Inconsistent constant pool data in classfile for class %s. "
1237                  "Method '", callee->name()->as_C_string());
1238         signature->print_as_signature_external_return_type(&ss);
1239         ss.print(" %s(", name->as_C_string());
1240         signature->print_as_signature_external_parameters(&ss);
1241         ss.print(")' at index %d is %s and should be %s",
1242                  cp_index,
1243                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_MethodRef" : "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef",
1244                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef" : "CONSTANT_MethodRef");
1245         // Names are all known to be < 64k so we know this formatted message is not excessively large.
1246         Exceptions::fthrow(THREAD_AND_LOCATION, vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), "%s", ss.as_string());
1247         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1248       }
1249 
1250       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1251       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1252       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
1253                                                                    callee, name, signature,
1254                                                                    THREAD);
1255       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1256         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1257       }
1258       result_oop = value();
1259       break;
1260     }
1261 
1262   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1263     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_time(),
1264                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_count());
1265 
1266       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(cp_index);
1267       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1268         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
1269                               cp_index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(cp_index),
1270                               signature->as_C_string());
1271       }
1272       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1273       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1274       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
1275       result_oop = value();
1276       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1277         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1278       }
1279       break;
1280     }
1281 
1282   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1283     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1284     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(cp_index);
1285     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1286     break;
1287 
1288   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1289     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1290     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(cp_index);
1291     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1292     break;
1293 
1294   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1295     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1296     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(cp_index);
1297     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1298     break;
1299 
1300   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1301     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1302     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(cp_index);
1303     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1304     break;
1305 
1306   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1307   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1308   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1309   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1310     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1311     break;
1312 
1313   default:
1314     fatal("unexpected constant tag at CP %p[%d/%d] = %d", this_cp(), cp_index, cache_index, tag.value());
1315     break;
1316   }
1317 
1318   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1319     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
1320     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
1321     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
1322     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
1323     oop new_result = (result_oop == nullptr ? Universe::the_null_sentinel() : result_oop);
1324     oop old_result = this_cp->set_resolved_reference_at(cache_index, new_result);
1325     if (old_result == nullptr) {
1326       return result_oop;  // was installed
1327     } else {
1328       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
1329       // the result here for MethodHandles.
1330       if (old_result == Universe::the_null_sentinel())
1331         old_result = nullptr;
1332       return old_result;
1333     }
1334   } else {
1335     assert(result_oop != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1336     return result_oop;
1337   }
1338 }
1339 
1340 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int cp_index, TRAPS) {
1341   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1342   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1343   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1344   return str;
1345 }
1346 
1347 void ConstantPool::copy_bootstrap_arguments_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1348                                                     int start_arg, int end_arg,
1349                                                     objArrayHandle info, int pos,
1350                                                     bool must_resolve, Handle if_not_available,
1351                                                     TRAPS) {
1352   int limit = pos + end_arg - start_arg;
1353   // checks: cp_index in range [0..this_cp->length),
1354   // tag at cp_index, start..end in range [0..this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count],
1355   // info array non-null, pos..limit in [0..info.length]
1356   if ((0 >= cp_index    || cp_index >= this_cp->length())  ||
1357       !(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_invoke_dynamic()    ||
1358         this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_dynamic_constant()) ||
1359       (0 > start_arg || start_arg > end_arg) ||
1360       (end_arg > this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index)) ||
1361       (0 > pos       || pos > limit)         ||
1362       (info.is_null() || limit > info->length())) {
1363     // An index or something else went wrong; throw an error.
1364     // Since this is an internal API, we don't expect this,
1365     // so we don't bother to craft a nice message.
1366     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "bad BSM argument access");
1367   }
1368   // now we can loop safely
1369   int info_i = pos;
1370   for (int i = start_arg; i < end_arg; i++) {
1371     int arg_index = this_cp->bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, i);
1372     oop arg_oop;
1373     if (must_resolve) {
1374       arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK);
1375     } else {
1376       bool found_it = false;
1377       arg_oop = this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK);
1378       if (!found_it)  arg_oop = if_not_available();
1379     }
1380     info->obj_at_put(info_i++, arg_oop);
1381   }
1382 }
1383 
1384 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
1385   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
1386   oop str = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(obj_index);
1387   assert(str != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1388   if (str != nullptr) return str;
1389   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1390   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1391   this_cp->string_at_put(obj_index, str);
1392   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1393   return str;
1394 }
1395 
1396 
1397 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(const InstanceKlass* k, int cp_index) {
1398   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
1399   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
1400   return (cp_name == k->name());
1401 }
1402 
1403 
1404 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
1405 // This is done during GC.
1406 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Strings point to
1407 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
1408 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
1409   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1410     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
1411     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1412       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
1413     }
1414   }
1415 }
1416 
1417 
1418 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
1419 // cp2's entry at index2.
1420 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
1421        int index2) {
1422 
1423   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
1424   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
1425   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
1426 
1427   // Some classes are pre-resolved (like Throwable) which may lead to
1428   // consider it as a different entry. We then revert them back temporarily
1429   // to ensure proper comparison.
1430   if (t1 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1431     t1 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1432   }
1433   if (t2 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1434     t2 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1435   }
1436 
1437   if (t1 != t2) {
1438     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
1439     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
1440     // class pairs as different.
1441     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
1442     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
1443     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
1444     return false;
1445   }
1446 
1447   switch (t1) {
1448   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1449   {
1450     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
1451     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
1452     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1453       return true;
1454     }
1455   } break;
1456 
1457   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1458   {
1459     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
1460     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
1461     if (d1 == d2) {
1462       return true;
1463     }
1464   } break;
1465 
1466   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1467   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1468   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1469   {
1470     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
1471     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
1472     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2);
1473     if (match) {
1474       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1475       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1476       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1477         return true;
1478       }
1479     }
1480   } break;
1481 
1482   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1483   {
1484     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
1485     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
1486     if (f1 == f2) {
1487       return true;
1488     }
1489   } break;
1490 
1491   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1492   {
1493     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
1494     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
1495     if (i1 == i2) {
1496       return true;
1497     }
1498   } break;
1499 
1500   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1501   {
1502     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
1503     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
1504     if (l1 == l2) {
1505       return true;
1506     }
1507   } break;
1508 
1509   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1510   {
1511     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
1512     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
1513     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1514       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
1515       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
1516       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1517         return true;
1518       }
1519     }
1520   } break;
1521 
1522   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1523   {
1524     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
1525     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
1526     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1527       return true;
1528     }
1529   } break;
1530 
1531   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1532   {
1533     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
1534     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
1535     if (k1 == k2) {
1536       return true;
1537     }
1538   } break;
1539 
1540   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1541   {
1542     int k1 = method_type_index_at(index1);
1543     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at(index2);
1544     if (compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2)) {
1545       return true;
1546     }
1547   } break;
1548 
1549   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1550   {
1551     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at(index1);
1552     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index2);
1553     if (k1 == k2) {
1554       int i1 = method_handle_index_at(index1);
1555       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at(index2);
1556       if (compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2)) {
1557         return true;
1558       }
1559     }
1560   } break;
1561 
1562   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1563   {
1564     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1565     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1566     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1567     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1568     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1569     bool match_bsm = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1570     return (match_entry && match_bsm);
1571   } break;
1572 
1573   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1574   {
1575     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1576     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1577     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1578     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1579     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1580     bool match_bsm = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1581     return (match_entry && match_bsm);
1582   } break;
1583 
1584   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1585   {
1586     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1587     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1588     if (s1 == s2) {
1589       return true;
1590     }
1591   } break;
1592 
1593   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1594   {
1595     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1596     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1597     if (s1 == s2) {
1598       return true;
1599     }
1600   } break;
1601 
1602   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1603   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1604   // not be seen by itself.
1605   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1606 
1607   default:
1608     ShouldNotReachHere();
1609     break;
1610   }
1611 
1612   return false;
1613 } // end compare_entry_to()
1614 
1615 // Extend the BSMAttributeEntries with the length and size of the ext_cp BSMAttributeEntries.
1616 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1617 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
1618 ConstantPool::start_extension(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1619   BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator iter =
1620     bsm_entries().start_extension(ext_cp->bsm_entries(), pool_holder()->class_loader_data(),
1621                                   CHECK_(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator()));
1622   return iter;
1623 }
1624 
1625 
1626 void ConstantPool::end_extension(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator iter, TRAPS) {
1627   bsm_entries().end_extension(iter, pool_holder()->class_loader_data(), THREAD);
1628 }
1629 
1630 
1631 void ConstantPool::copy_bsm_entries(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1632                                     const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1633                                     TRAPS) {
1634   to_cp->bsm_entries().append(from_cp->bsm_entries(),
1635                               to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data(),
1636                               THREAD);
1637 }
1638 
1639 
1640 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1641 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1642 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1643 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1644        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1645 
1646 
1647   int dest_cpi = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1648 
1649   for (int src_cpi = start_i; src_cpi <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1650     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_cpi, to_cp, dest_cpi);
1651 
1652     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_cpi).value()) {
1653     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1654     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1655       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1656       src_cpi += 2;
1657       dest_cpi += 2;
1658       break;
1659 
1660     default:
1661       // all others take one constant pool entry
1662       src_cpi++;
1663       dest_cpi++;
1664       break;
1665     }
1666   }
1667   copy_bsm_entries(from_cp, to_cp, THREAD);
1668 
1669 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1670 
1671 
1672 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1673 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1674 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1675                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i) {
1676 
1677   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1678   switch (tag) {
1679   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1680   {
1681     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1682     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1683   } break;
1684 
1685   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1686   {
1687     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1688     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1689     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1690     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1691   } break;
1692 
1693   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1694   {
1695     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1696     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1697     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1698   } break;
1699 
1700   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1701   {
1702     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1703     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1704   } break;
1705 
1706   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1707   {
1708     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1709     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1710   } break;
1711 
1712   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1713   {
1714     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1715     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1716     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1717   } break;
1718 
1719   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1720   {
1721     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1722     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1723     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1724     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1725   } break;
1726 
1727   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1728   {
1729     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1730     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1731     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1732   } break;
1733 
1734   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1735   {
1736     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1737     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1738     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1739   } break;
1740 
1741   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1742   {
1743     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1744     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1745   } break;
1746 
1747   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1748   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1749   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1750   {
1751     // Revert to JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex
1752     int name_index = from_cp->klass_slot_at(from_i).name_index();
1753     assert(from_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
1754     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, name_index);
1755   } break;
1756 
1757   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1758   {
1759     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1760     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1761   } break;
1762 
1763   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1764   {
1765     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1766     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1767     s->increment_refcount();
1768     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1769   } break;
1770 
1771   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1772   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1773   {
1774     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at(from_i);
1775     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1776   } break;
1777 
1778   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1779   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1780   {
1781     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(from_i);
1782     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at(from_i);
1783     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1784   } break;
1785 
1786   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1787   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1788   {
1789     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1790     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1791     k1 += to_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();  // to_cp might already have a BSM attribute
1792     to_cp->dynamic_constant_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1793   } break;
1794 
1795   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1796   {
1797     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1798     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1799     k1 += to_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();  // to_cp might already have a BSM attribute
1800     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1801   } break;
1802 
1803   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1804   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1805   // not be seen by itself.
1806   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1807 
1808   default:
1809   {
1810     ShouldNotReachHere();
1811   } break;
1812   }
1813 } // end copy_entry_to()
1814 
1815 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1816 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1817 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1818 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1819       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp) {
1820 
1821   // index zero (0) is not used
1822   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1823     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1824     if (found) {
1825       return i;
1826     }
1827   }
1828 
1829   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1830 } // end find_matching_entry()
1831 
1832 
1833 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1834 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1835 bool ConstantPool::compare_bootstrap_entry_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2) {
1836   const BSMAttributeEntry* const e1 = bsm_attribute_entry(idx1);
1837   const BSMAttributeEntry* const e2 = cp2->bsm_attribute_entry(idx2);
1838   int k1 = e1->bootstrap_method_index();
1839   int k2 = e2->bootstrap_method_index();
1840   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1841 
1842   if (!match) {
1843     return false;
1844   }
1845 
1846   const int argc = e1->argument_count();
1847   if (argc != e2->argument_count()) {
1848     return false;
1849   }
1850 
1851   for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1852     k1 = e1->argument(j);
1853     k2 = e2->argument(j);
1854     match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1855     if (!match) {
1856       return false;
1857     }
1858   }
1859 
1860   return true; // got through loop; all elements equal
1861 } // end compare_bootstrap_entry_to()
1862 
1863 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1864 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier data at pattern_i index.
1865 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap attribute record or (-1) if there is no match.
1866 int ConstantPool::find_matching_bsm_entry(int pattern_i,
1867                                           const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int offset_limit) {
1868   for (int i = 0; i < offset_limit; i++) {
1869     bool found = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1870     if (found) {
1871       return i;
1872     }
1873   }
1874   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier data not found; return unused index (-1)
1875 } // end find_matching_bsm_entry()
1876 
1877 
1878 #ifndef PRODUCT
1879 
1880 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int cp_index) {
1881 
1882   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1883 
1884   if (tag.is_string()) {
1885     return string_at_noresolve(cp_index);
1886   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1887     return klass_name_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1888   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1889     return symbol_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1890   }
1891   return "";
1892 }
1893 
1894 #endif // PRODUCT
1895 
1896 
1897 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1898 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1899   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1900     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1901     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1902       return 1;
1903 
1904     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1905       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1906 
1907     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1908     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1909     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1910     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1911     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1912     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1913     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1914     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1915       return 3;
1916 
1917     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1918     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1919       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1920 
1921     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1922     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1923     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1924     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1925     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1926     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1927       return 5;
1928 
1929     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1930     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1931     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1932       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1933       return 5;
1934 
1935     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1936     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1937       return 9;
1938   }
1939   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1940   return 1;
1941 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1942 
1943 
1944 // SymbolHash is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1945 // This function fills in SymbolHashs, one for utf8s and one for
1946 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1947 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHash *symmap,
1948                                    SymbolHash *classmap) {
1949   jint size = 0;
1950 
1951   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1952     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1953     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1954 
1955     switch(tag) {
1956       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1957         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1958         symmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
1959         break;
1960       }
1961       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1962       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1963       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1964         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1965         classmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
1966         break;
1967       }
1968       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1969       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1970         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1971         break;
1972       }
1973     }
1974   }
1975   return size;
1976 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1977 
1978 
1979 // Copy cpool bytes.
1980 // Returns:
1981 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1982 //   -1, in case of internal error
1983 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1984 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1985                                    SymbolHash* tbl,
1986                                    unsigned char *bytes) {
1987   u2   idx1, idx2;
1988   jint size  = 0;
1989   jint cnt   = length();
1990   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
1991 
1992   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
1993     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
1994     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
1995 
1996     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
1997 
1998     *bytes = tag;
1999     switch(tag) {
2000       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
2001         break;
2002       }
2003       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
2004         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
2005         break;
2006       }
2007       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2008         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2009         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
2010         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
2011         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
2012         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
2013         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
2014             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
2015         }
2016         break;
2017       }
2018       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
2019         jint val = int_at(idx);
2020         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2021         break;
2022       }
2023       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
2024         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
2025         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2026         break;
2027       }
2028       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
2029         jlong val = long_at(idx);
2030         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2031         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
2032         break;
2033       }
2034       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2035         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
2036         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2037         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
2038         break;
2039       }
2040       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2041       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2042       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2043         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2044         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2045         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2046         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2047         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2048         break;
2049       }
2050       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
2051         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2052         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
2053         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2054         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2055         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2056         break;
2057       }
2058       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2059       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2060       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
2061         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
2062         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
2063         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2064         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2065         break;
2066       }
2067       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
2068         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
2069         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
2070         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2071         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2072         break;
2073       }
2074       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2075         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2076         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(klass_index_at(idx));
2077         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2078         break;
2079       }
2080       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
2081         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2082         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(string_index_at(idx));
2083         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2084         break;
2085       }
2086       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2087       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
2088         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
2089         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at(idx);
2090         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_handle_index_at(idx));
2091         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
2092         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
2093         break;
2094       }
2095       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2096       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
2097         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
2098         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_type_index_at(idx));
2099         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2100         break;
2101       }
2102       case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2103       case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError: {
2104         *bytes = tag;
2105         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2106         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2107         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2108         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2109         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2110         break;
2111       }
2112       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
2113         *bytes = tag;
2114         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2115         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2116         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2117         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2118         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2119         break;
2120       }
2121     }
2122     bytes += ent_size;
2123     size  += ent_size;
2124   }
2125   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2126 
2127   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
2128 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
2129 
2130 bool ConstantPool::is_maybe_on_stack() const {
2131   // This method uses the similar logic as nmethod::is_maybe_on_stack()
2132   if (!Continuations::enabled()) {
2133     return false;
2134   }
2135 
2136   // If the condition below is true, it means that the nmethod was found to
2137   // be alive the previous completed marking cycle.
2138   return cache()->gc_epoch() >= CodeCache::previous_completed_gc_marking_cycle();
2139 }
2140 
2141 // For redefinition, if any methods found in loom stack chunks, the gc_epoch is
2142 // recorded in their constant pool cache. The on_stack-ness of the constant pool controls whether
2143 // memory for the method is reclaimed.
2144 bool ConstantPool::on_stack() const {
2145   if ((_flags &_on_stack) != 0) {
2146     return true;
2147   }
2148 
2149   if (_cache == nullptr) {
2150     return false;
2151   }
2152 
2153   return is_maybe_on_stack();
2154 }
2155 
2156 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
2157   if (value) {
2158     // Only record if it's not already set.
2159     if (!on_stack()) {
2160       assert(!in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
2161       _flags |= _on_stack;
2162       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
2163     }
2164   } else {
2165     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
2166     if (!in_aot_cache()) {
2167       _flags &= (u2)(~_on_stack);
2168     }
2169   }
2170 }
2171 
2172 // Printing
2173 
2174 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
2175   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2176   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
2177   if (flags() != 0) {
2178     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
2179     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
2180     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
2181     st->cr();
2182   }
2183   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2184     st->print_cr(" - holder: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
2185   }
2186   st->print_cr(" - cache: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2187   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references_or_null()));
2188   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
2189   st->print_cr(" - resolved_klasses: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_klasses()));
2190   st->print_cr(" - cp length: %d", length());
2191 
2192   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
2193     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
2194     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
2195       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2196       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2197         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
2198     }
2199 
2200   }
2201   st->cr();
2202 }
2203 
2204 // Print one constant pool entry
2205 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int cp_index, outputStream* st) {
2206   EXCEPTION_MARK;
2207   st->print(" - %3d : ", cp_index);
2208   tag_at(cp_index).print_on(st);
2209   st->print(" : ");
2210   switch (tag_at(cp_index).value()) {
2211     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
2212       { Klass* k = klass_at(cp_index, CATCH);
2213         guarantee(k != nullptr, "need klass");
2214         k->print_value_on(st);
2215         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
2216       }
2217       break;
2218     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
2219     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
2220     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
2221       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2222       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2223       break;
2224     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
2225       unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2226       break;
2227     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
2228       st->print("%d", int_at(cp_index));
2229       break;
2230     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
2231       st->print("%f", float_at(cp_index));
2232       break;
2233     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2234       st->print_jlong(long_at(cp_index));
2235       break;
2236     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2237       st->print("%lf", double_at(cp_index));
2238       break;
2239     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
2240       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2241       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2242       break;
2243     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
2244       symbol_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2245       break;
2246     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2247         int name_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
2248         st->print("klass_index=%d ", name_index);
2249         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2250       }
2251       break;
2252     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
2253     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2254         CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(cp_index);
2255         int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
2256         int name_index = kslot.name_index();
2257         assert(tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
2258         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2259       }
2260       break;
2261     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
2262     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
2263       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index));
2264       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
2265       break;
2266     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
2267     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2268       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at(cp_index));
2269       break;
2270     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic :
2271     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError :
2272       {
2273         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2274         st->print(" type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2275         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2276         if (argc > 0) {
2277           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2278             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2279             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2280           }
2281           st->print("}");
2282         }
2283       }
2284       break;
2285     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2286       {
2287         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2288         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2289         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2290         if (argc > 0) {
2291           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2292             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2293             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2294           }
2295           st->print("}");
2296         }
2297       }
2298       break;
2299     default:
2300       ShouldNotReachHere();
2301       break;
2302   }
2303   st->cr();
2304 }
2305 
2306 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2307   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2308   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2309   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2310   if (!bsm_entries().is_empty())  st->print("/BSMs[%d]", bsm_entries().bootstrap_methods()->length());
2311   print_address_on(st);
2312   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2313     st->print(" for ");
2314     pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2315     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2316     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2317   }
2318   if (cache() != nullptr) {
2319     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2320   }
2321 }
2322 
2323 // Verification
2324 
2325 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2326   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2327   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2328     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2329     if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2330       guarantee(klass_name_at(i)->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2331     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2332       Symbol* entry = symbol_at(i);
2333       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2334     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2335       Symbol* entry = unresolved_string_at(i);
2336       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2337     }
2338   }
2339   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2340     // Note: pool_holder() can be null in temporary constant pools
2341     // used during constant pool merging
2342     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2343   }
2344 }
2345 
2346 void BSMAttributeEntries::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
2347   MetadataFactory::free_array<u4>(loader_data, this->_offsets);
2348   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, this->_bootstrap_methods);
2349   this->_offsets = nullptr;
2350   this->_bootstrap_methods = nullptr;
2351 }
2352 
2353 void BSMAttributeEntries::copy_into(InsertionIterator& iter, int num_entries) const {
2354   assert(num_entries + iter._cur_offset <= iter._insert_into->_offsets->length(), "must");
2355   for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++) {
2356     const BSMAttributeEntry* e = entry(i);
2357     BSMAttributeEntry* e_new = iter.reserve_new_entry(e->bootstrap_method_index(), e->argument_count());
2358     assert(e_new != nullptr, "must be");
2359     e->copy_args_into(e_new);
2360   }
2361 }
2362 
2363 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
2364 BSMAttributeEntries::start_extension(const BSMAttributeEntries& other, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2365   InsertionIterator iter = start_extension(other.number_of_entries(), other.array_length(),
2366                                            loader_data, CHECK_(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator()));
2367   return iter;
2368 }
2369 
2370 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
2371 BSMAttributeEntries::start_extension(int number_of_entries, int array_length,
2372                                      ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2373   InsertionIterator extension_iterator(this, this->number_of_entries(), this->array_length());
2374   int new_number_of_entries = this->number_of_entries() + number_of_entries;
2375   int new_array_length = this->array_length() + array_length;
2376   int invalid_index = new_array_length;
2377 
2378   Array<u4>* new_offsets =
2379     MetadataFactory::new_array<u4>(loader_data, new_number_of_entries, invalid_index, CHECK_(InsertionIterator()));
2380   Array<u2>* new_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_array_length, CHECK_(InsertionIterator()));
2381   { // Copy over all the old BSMAEntry's and their respective offsets
2382     BSMAttributeEntries carrier(new_offsets, new_array);
2383     InsertionIterator copy_iter(&carrier, 0, 0);
2384     copy_into(copy_iter, this->number_of_entries());
2385   }
2386   // Replace content
2387   deallocate_contents(loader_data);
2388   _offsets = new_offsets;
2389   _bootstrap_methods = new_array;
2390   return extension_iterator;
2391 }
2392 
2393 
2394 void BSMAttributeEntries::append(const BSMAttributeEntries& other, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2395   if (other.number_of_entries() == 0) {
2396     return; // Done!
2397   }
2398   InsertionIterator iter = start_extension(other, loader_data, CHECK);
2399   other.copy_into(iter, other.number_of_entries());
2400   end_extension(iter, loader_data, THREAD);
2401 }
2402 
2403 void BSMAttributeEntries::end_extension(InsertionIterator& iter, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2404   assert(iter._insert_into == this, "must be");
2405   assert(iter._cur_offset <= this->_offsets->length(), "must be");
2406   assert(iter._cur_array <= this->_bootstrap_methods->length(), "must be");
2407 
2408   // Did we fill up all of the available space? If so, do nothing.
2409   if (iter._cur_offset == this->_offsets->length() &&
2410       iter._cur_array == this->_bootstrap_methods->length()) {
2411     return;
2412   }
2413 
2414   // We used less, truncate by allocating new arrays
2415   Array<u4>* new_offsets =
2416       MetadataFactory::new_array<u4>(loader_data, iter._cur_offset, 0, CHECK);
2417   Array<u2>* new_array =
2418     MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, iter._cur_array, CHECK);
2419   { // Copy over the constructed BSMAEntry's
2420     BSMAttributeEntries carrier(new_offsets, new_array);
2421     InsertionIterator copy_iter(&carrier, 0, 0);
2422     copy_into(copy_iter, iter._cur_offset);
2423   }
2424 
2425   deallocate_contents(loader_data);
2426   _offsets = new_offsets;
2427   _bootstrap_methods = new_array;
2428 }