1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  29 import java.lang.constant.ClassDesc;
  30 import java.lang.constant.ConstantDescs;
  31 import java.lang.invoke.TypeDescriptor;
  32 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
  33 import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;

  34 import java.io.IOException;
  35 import java.io.InputStream;
  36 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.AccessFlag;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  42 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  43 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  44 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  45 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  46 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  47 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  48 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  49 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  50 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  51 import java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent;
  52 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  53 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  54 import java.lang.constant.Constable;
  55 import java.net.URL;
  56 import java.security.AccessController;
  57 import java.security.Permissions;
  58 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  59 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
  60 import java.util.ArrayList;
  61 import java.util.Arrays;
  62 import java.util.Collection;
  63 import java.util.HashMap;
  64 import java.util.HashSet;
  65 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  66 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
  67 import java.util.List;
  68 import java.util.Map;
  69 import java.util.Objects;
  70 import java.util.Optional;
  71 import java.util.Set;
  72 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  73 
  74 import jdk.internal.constant.ConstantUtils;
  75 import jdk.internal.javac.PreviewFeature;
  76 import jdk.internal.loader.BootLoader;
  77 import jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader;
  78 import jdk.internal.misc.PreviewFeatures;
  79 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
  80 import jdk.internal.module.Resources;
  81 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  82 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitiveAdapter;
  83 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool;
  84 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
  85 import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  86 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
  87 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.IntrinsicCandidate;
  88 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.Stable;
  89 
  90 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
  91 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  92 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  93 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  94 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  95 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  96 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  97 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  98 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  99 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
 100 
 101 /**
 102  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
 103  * interfaces in a running Java application. An enum class and a record
 104  * class are kinds of class; an annotation interface is a kind of
 105  * interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as
 106  * a {@code Class} object that is shared by all arrays with the same
 107  * element type and number of dimensions.  The primitive Java types
 108  * ({@code boolean}, {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code
 109  * int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}), and the
 110  * keyword {@code void} are also represented as {@code Class} objects.
 111  *
 112  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead a {@code Class}
 113  * object is constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine when
 114  * a class is derived from the bytes of a {@code class} file through
 115  * the invocation of one of the following methods:
 116  * <ul>
 117  * <li> {@link ClassLoader#defineClass(String, byte[], int, int) ClassLoader::defineClass}
 118  * <li> {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineClass(byte[])
 119  *      java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup::defineClass}
 120  * <li> {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
 121  *      java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup::defineHiddenClass}
 122  * </ul>
 123  *
 124  * <p> The methods of class {@code Class} expose many characteristics of a
 125  * class or interface. Most characteristics are derived from the {@code class}
 126  * file that the class loader passed to the Java Virtual Machine or
 127  * from the {@code class} file passed to {@code Lookup::defineClass}
 128  * or {@code Lookup::defineHiddenClass}.
 129  * A few characteristics are determined by the class loading environment
 130  * at run time, such as the module returned by {@link #getModule() getModule()}.
 131  *
 132  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
 133  * class name of an object:
 134  *
 135  * {@snippet lang="java" :
 136  * void printClassName(Object obj) {
 137  *     System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
 138  *                        " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 139  * }}
 140  *
 141  * It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 142  * class or interface (or for {@code void}) using a <dfn>class literal</dfn>
 143  * (JLS {@jls 15.8.2}).
 144  * For example:
 145  *
 146  * {@snippet lang="java" :
 147  * System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: " + Foo.class.getName()); // @highlight substring="Foo.class"
 148  * }
 149  *
 150  * <p> Some methods of class {@code Class} expose whether the declaration of
 151  * a class or interface in Java source code was <em>enclosed</em> within
 152  * another declaration. Other methods describe how a class or interface
 153  * is situated in a <dfn>{@index "nest"}</dfn>. A <a id="nest">nest</a> is a set of
 154  * classes and interfaces, in the same run-time package, that
 155  * allow mutual access to their {@code private} members.
 156  * The classes and interfaces are known as <dfn>{@index "nestmates"}</dfn>
 157  * (JVMS {@jvms 4.7.29}).
 158  * One nestmate acts as the
 159  * <dfn>nest host</dfn> (JVMS {@jvms 4.7.28}), and enumerates the other nestmates which
 160  * belong to the nest; each of them in turn records it as the nest host.
 161  * The classes and interfaces which belong to a nest, including its host, are
 162  * determined when
 163  * {@code class} files are generated, for example, a Java compiler
 164  * will typically record a top-level class as the host of a nest where the
 165  * other members are the classes and interfaces whose declarations are
 166  * enclosed within the top-level class declaration.
 167  *
 168  * <h2><a id=hiddenClasses>Hidden Classes</a></h2>
 169  * A class or interface created by the invocation of
 170  * {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
 171  * Lookup::defineHiddenClass} is a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() <dfn>hidden</dfn>}
 172  * class or interface.
 173  * All kinds of class, including enum classes and record classes, may be
 174  * hidden classes; all kinds of interface, including annotation interfaces,
 175  * may be hidden interfaces.
 176  *
 177  * The {@linkplain #getName() name of a hidden class or interface} is
 178  * not a {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name},
 179  * which means the following:
 180  * <ul>
 181  * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be referenced by the constant pools
 182  *     of other classes and interfaces.
 183  * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be described in
 184  *     {@linkplain java.lang.constant.ConstantDesc <em>nominal form</em>} by
 185  *     {@link #describeConstable() Class::describeConstable},
 186  *     {@link ClassDesc#of(String) ClassDesc::of}, or
 187  *     {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}.
 188  * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be discovered by {@link #forName Class::forName}
 189  *     or {@link ClassLoader#loadClass(String, boolean) ClassLoader::loadClass}.
 190  * </ul>
 191  *
 192  * A hidden class or interface is never an array class, but may be
 193  * the element type of an array. In all other respects, the fact that
 194  * a class or interface is hidden has no bearing on the characteristics
 195  * exposed by the methods of class {@code Class}.
 196  *
 197  * <h2><a id=implicitClasses>Implicitly Declared Classes</a></h2>
 198  *
 199  * Conventionally, a Java compiler, starting from a source file for an
 200  * implicitly declared class, say {@code HelloWorld.java}, creates a
 201  * similarly-named {@code class} file, {@code HelloWorld.class}, where
 202  * the class stored in that {@code class} file is named {@code
 203  * "HelloWorld"}, matching the base names of the source and {@code
 204  * class} files.
 205  *
 206  * For the {@code Class} object of an implicitly declared class {@code
 207  * HelloWorld}, the methods to get the {@linkplain #getName name} and
 208  * {@linkplain #getTypeName type name} return results
 209  * equal to {@code "HelloWorld"}. The {@linkplain #getSimpleName
 210  * simple name} of such an implicitly declared class is {@code "HelloWorld"} and
 211  * the {@linkplain #getCanonicalName canonical name} is {@code "HelloWorld"}.
 212  *
 213  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 214  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 215  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 216  * unknown.
 217  *
 218  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 219  * @since   1.0
 220  */
 221 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 222                               GenericDeclaration,
 223                               Type,
 224                               AnnotatedElement,
 225                               TypeDescriptor.OfField<Class<?>>,
 226                               Constable {
 227     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 228     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 229     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 230 
 231     private static native void registerNatives();
 232     static {
 233         registerNatives();
 234     }
 235 
 236     /*
 237      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 238      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 239      * generated.
 240      */
 241     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 242         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 243         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 244         classLoader = loader;
 245         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 246     }
 247 
 248     /**
 249      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 250      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 251      * name of the class in the format returned by {@code getName}.
 252      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type,
 253      * this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 254      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 255      * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
 256      * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
 257      *
 258      * @return a string representation of this {@code Class} object.
 259      */
 260     public String toString() {
 261         String kind = isInterface() ? "interface " : isPrimitive() ? "" : "class ";
 262         return kind.concat(getName());
 263     }
 264 
 265     /**
 266      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 267      * information about modifiers, {@link #isSealed() sealed}/{@code
 268      * non-sealed} status, and type parameters.
 269      *
 270      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 271      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 272      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface},
 273      * {@code @interface}, or {@code record} as appropriate), followed
 274      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 275      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any,
 276      * including informative bounds on the type parameters, if any.
 277      *
 278      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 279      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 280      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 281      * type parameter list is elided.
 282      *
 283      * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
 284      * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
 285      * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
 286      * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
 287      * the array.
 288      *
 289      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 290      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 291      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 292      * code may be present.
 293      *
 294      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 295      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 296      *
 297      * @since 1.8
 298      */
 299     public String toGenericString() {
 300         if (isPrimitive()) {
 301             return toString();
 302         } else {
 303             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 304             Class<?> component = this;
 305             int arrayDepth = 0;
 306 
 307             if (isArray()) {
 308                 do {
 309                     arrayDepth++;
 310                     component = component.getComponentType();
 311                 } while (component.isArray());
 312                 sb.append(component.getName());
 313             } else {
 314                 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 315                 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 316                 if (modifiers != 0) {
 317                     sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 318                     sb.append(' ');
 319                 }
 320 
 321                 // A class cannot be strictfp and sealed/non-sealed so
 322                 // it is sufficient to check for sealed-ness after all
 323                 // modifiers are printed.
 324                 addSealingInfo(modifiers, sb);
 325 
 326                 if (isAnnotation()) {
 327                     sb.append('@');
 328                 }
 329                 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation interfaces are interfaces
 330                     sb.append("interface");
 331                 } else {
 332                     if (isEnum())
 333                         sb.append("enum");
 334                     else if (isRecord())
 335                         sb.append("record");
 336                     else
 337                         sb.append("class");
 338                 }
 339                 sb.append(' ');
 340                 sb.append(getName());
 341             }
 342 
 343             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
 344             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 345                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(typeparms)
 346                           .map(Class::typeVarBounds)
 347                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "<", ">")));
 348             }
 349 
 350             if (arrayDepth > 0) sb.append("[]".repeat(arrayDepth));
 351 
 352             return sb.toString();
 353         }
 354     }
 355 
 356     private void addSealingInfo(int modifiers, StringBuilder sb) {
 357         // A class can be final XOR sealed XOR non-sealed.
 358         if (Modifier.isFinal(modifiers)) {
 359             return; // no-op
 360         } else {
 361             if (isSealed()) {
 362                 sb.append("sealed ");
 363                 return;
 364             } else {
 365                 // Check for sealed ancestor, which implies this class
 366                 // is non-sealed.
 367                 if (hasSealedAncestor(this)) {
 368                     sb.append("non-sealed ");
 369                 }
 370             }
 371         }
 372     }
 373 
 374     private boolean hasSealedAncestor(Class<?> clazz) {
 375         // From JLS 8.1.1.2:
 376         // "It is a compile-time error if a class has a sealed direct
 377         // superclass or a sealed direct superinterface, and is not
 378         // declared final, sealed, or non-sealed either explicitly or
 379         // implicitly.
 380         // Thus, an effect of the sealed keyword is to force all
 381         // direct subclasses to explicitly declare whether they are
 382         // final, sealed, or non-sealed. This avoids accidentally
 383         // exposing a sealed class hierarchy to unwanted subclassing."
 384 
 385         // Therefore, will just check direct superclass and
 386         // superinterfaces.
 387         var superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
 388         if (superclass != null && superclass.isSealed()) {
 389             return true;
 390         }
 391         for (var superinterface : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
 392             if (superinterface.isSealed()) {
 393                 return true;
 394             }
 395         }
 396         return false;
 397     }
 398 
 399     static String typeVarBounds(TypeVariable<?> typeVar) {
 400         Type[] bounds = typeVar.getBounds();
 401         if (bounds.length == 1 && bounds[0].equals(Object.class)) {
 402             return typeVar.getName();
 403         } else {
 404             return typeVar.getName() + " extends " +
 405                 Arrays.stream(bounds)
 406                 .map(Type::getTypeName)
 407                 .collect(Collectors.joining(" & "));
 408         }
 409     }
 410 
 411     /**
 412      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 413      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 414      * equivalent to:
 415      *
 416      * {@snippet lang="java" :
 417      * Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)
 418      * }
 419      *
 420      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 421      * the current class.
 422      *
 423      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 424      * runtime {@code Class} object for the class named
 425      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 426      *
 427      * {@snippet lang="java" :
 428      * Class<?> t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread");
 429      * }
 430      * <p>
 431      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 432      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 433      *
 434      * <p>
 435      * In cases where this method is called from a context where there is no
 436      * caller frame on the stack (e.g. when called directly from a JNI
 437      * attached thread), the system class loader is used.
 438      *
 439      * @param     className the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
 440      *                      of the class or the string representing an array type
 441      * @return    the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 442      *            specified name.
 443      * @throws    LinkageError if the linkage fails
 444      * @throws    ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 445      *            by this method fails
 446      * @throws    ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 447      *
 448      * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
 449      * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
 450      * @jls 12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
 451      */
 452     @CallerSensitive
 453     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 454                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 455         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 456         return forName(className, caller);
 457     }
 458 
 459     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
 460     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
 461     private static Class<?> forName(String className, Class<?> caller)
 462             throws ClassNotFoundException {
 463         ClassLoader loader = (caller == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
 464                                               : ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 465         if (loader instanceof BuiltinClassLoader bcl) {
 466             if (bcl.usePositiveCache) {
 467                 Class<?> result = bcl.checkPositiveLookupCache(className);
 468                 if (result != null) {
 469                     return result;
 470                 }
 471             }
 472             if (bcl.useNegativeCache && bcl.checkNegativeLookupCache(className)) {
 473                 throw new ClassNotFoundException(className);
 474             }
 475         }
 476         return forName0(className, true, loader, caller);
 477     }
 478 
 479     /**
 480      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 481      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 482      * Given the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name} for a class or interface,
 483      * this method attempts to locate and load the class or interface. The specified
 484      * class loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 485      * {@code loader} is {@code null}, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 486      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 487      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 488      * not been initialized earlier.
 489      *
 490      * <p> This method cannot be used to obtain any of the {@code Class} objects
 491      * representing primitive types or void, hidden classes or interfaces,
 492      * or array classes whose element type is a hidden class or interface.
 493      * If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, for example {@code I},
 494      * an attempt will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package
 495      * whose name is {@code I} instead.
 496      * To obtain a {@code Class} object for a named primitive type
 497      * such as {@code int} or {@code long} use {@link
 498      * #forPrimitiveName(String)}.
 499      *
 500      * <p> To obtain the {@code Class} object associated with an array class,
 501      * the name consists of one or more {@code '['} representing the depth
 502      * of the array nesting, followed by the element type as encoded in
 503      * {@linkplain ##nameFormat the table} specified in {@code Class.getName()}.
 504      *
 505      * <p> Examples:
 506      * {@snippet lang="java" :
 507      * Class<?> threadClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread", false, currentLoader);
 508      * Class<?> stringArrayClass = Class.forName("[Ljava.lang.String;", false, currentLoader);
 509      * Class<?> intArrayClass = Class.forName("[[[I", false, currentLoader);   // Class of int[][][]
 510      * Class<?> nestedClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Character$UnicodeBlock", false, currentLoader);
 511      * Class<?> fooClass = Class.forName("Foo", true, currentLoader);
 512      * }
 513      *
 514      * <p> A call to {@code getName()} on the {@code Class} object returned
 515      * from {@code forName(}<i>N</i>{@code )} returns <i>N</i>.
 516      *
 517      * <p> A call to {@code forName("[L}<i>N</i>{@code ;")} causes the element type
 518      * named <i>N</i> to be loaded but not initialized regardless of the value
 519      * of the {@code initialize} parameter.
 520      *
 521      * @apiNote
 522      * This method throws errors related to loading, linking or initializing
 523      * as specified in Sections {@jls 12.2}, {@jls 12.3}, and {@jls 12.4} of
 524      * <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
 525      * In addition, this method does not check whether the requested class
 526      * is accessible to its caller.
 527      *
 528      * @param name       the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
 529      *                   of the class or the string representing an array class
 530      *
 531      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized
 532      *                   (which implies linking). See Section {@jls
 533      *                   12.4} of <cite>The Java Language
 534      *                   Specification</cite>.
 535      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 536      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 537      *
 538      * @throws    LinkageError if the linkage fails
 539      * @throws    ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 540      *            by this method fails
 541      * @throws    ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 542      *            the specified class loader
 543      * @throws    SecurityException
 544      *            if a security manager is present, and the {@code loader} is
 545      *            {@code null}, and the caller's class loader is not
 546      *            {@code null}, and the caller does not have the
 547      *            {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
 548      *
 549      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 550      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 551      *
 552      * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
 553      * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
 554      * @jls 12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
 555      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 556      * @since     1.2
 557      */
 558     @CallerSensitive
 559     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 560                                    ClassLoader loader)
 561         throws ClassNotFoundException
 562     {
 563         Class<?> caller = null;
 564         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 565         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 566         if (sm != null) {
 567             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 568             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 569             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 570         }
 571         return forName(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 572     }
 573 
 574     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
 575     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
 576     private static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader, Class<?> caller)
 577             throws ClassNotFoundException
 578     {
 579         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 580         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 581         if (sm != null) {
 582             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 583             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 584             if (loader == null) {
 585                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 586                 if (ccl != null) {
 587                     sm.checkPermission(
 588                             SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 589                 }
 590             }
 591         }
 592         if (loader instanceof BuiltinClassLoader bcl) {
 593             if (bcl.usePositiveCache) {
 594                 Class<?> result = bcl.checkPositiveLookupCache(name);
 595                 if (result != null) {
 596                     return result;
 597                 }
 598             }
 599            if (bcl.useNegativeCache && bcl.checkNegativeLookupCache(name)) {
 600                 throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
 601             }
 602         }
 603         return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 604     }
 605 
 606     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 607     private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 608                                             ClassLoader loader,
 609                                             Class<?> caller)
 610         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 611 
 612 
 613     /**
 614      * Returns the {@code Class} with the given {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name
 615      * binary name} in the given module.
 616      *
 617      * <p> This method attempts to locate and load the class or interface.
 618      * It does not link the class, and does not run the class initializer.
 619      * If the class is not found, this method returns {@code null}. </p>
 620      *
 621      * <p> If the class loader of the given module defines other modules and
 622      * the given name is a class defined in a different module, this method
 623      * returns {@code null} after the class is loaded. </p>
 624      *
 625      * <p> This method does not check whether the requested class is
 626      * accessible to its caller. </p>
 627      *
 628      * @apiNote
 629      * This method does not support loading of array types, unlike
 630      * {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)}. The class name must be
 631      * a binary name.  This method returns {@code null} on failure rather than
 632      * throwing a {@link ClassNotFoundException}, as is done by
 633      * the {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)} method.
 634      * The security check is a stack-based permission check if the caller
 635      * loads a class in another module.
 636      *
 637      * @param  module   A module
 638      * @param  name     The {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
 639      *                  of the class
 640      * @return {@code Class} object of the given name defined in the given module;
 641      *         {@code null} if not found.
 642      *
 643      * @throws NullPointerException if the given module or name is {@code null}
 644      *
 645      * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
 646      *
 647      * @throws SecurityException
 648      *         <ul>
 649      *         <li> if the caller is not the specified module and
 650      *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission is denied; or</li>
 651      *         <li> access to the module content is denied. For example,
 652      *         permission check will be performed when a class loader calls
 653      *         {@link ModuleReader#open(String)} to read the bytes of a class file
 654      *         in a module.</li>
 655      *         </ul>
 656      *
 657      * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
 658      * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
 659      * @since 9
 660      */
 661     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 662     @CallerSensitive
 663     public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
 664         Class<?> caller = null;
 665         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 666         if (sm != null) {
 667             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 668         }
 669         return forName(module, name, caller);
 670     }
 671 
 672     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
 673     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 674     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
 675     private static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name, Class<?> caller) {
 676         Objects.requireNonNull(module);
 677         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
 678 
 679         ClassLoader cl;
 680         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 681         if (sm != null) {
 682             if (caller != null && caller.getModule() != module) {
 683                 // if caller is null, Class.forName is the last java frame on the stack.
 684                 // java.base has all permissions
 685                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 686             }
 687             PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> pa = module::getClassLoader;
 688             cl = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
 689         } else {
 690             cl = module.getClassLoader();
 691         }
 692 
 693         if (cl != null) {
 694             return cl.loadClass(module, name);
 695         } else {
 696             return BootLoader.loadClass(module, name);
 697         }
 698     }
 699 
 700     /**
 701      * {@return the {@code Class} object associated with the
 702      * {@linkplain #isPrimitive() primitive type} of the given name}
 703      * If the argument is not the name of a primitive type, {@code
 704      * null} is returned.
 705      *
 706      * @param primitiveName the name of the primitive type to find
 707      *
 708      * @throws NullPointerException if the argument is {@code null}
 709      *
 710      * @jls 4.2 Primitive Types and Values
 711      * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
 712      * @since 22
 713      */
 714     public static Class<?> forPrimitiveName(String primitiveName) {
 715         return switch(primitiveName) {
 716         // Integral types
 717         case "int"     -> int.class;
 718         case "long"    -> long.class;
 719         case "short"   -> short.class;
 720         case "char"    -> char.class;
 721         case "byte"    -> byte.class;
 722 
 723         // Floating-point types
 724         case "float"   -> float.class;
 725         case "double"  -> double.class;
 726 
 727         // Other types
 728         case "boolean" -> boolean.class;
 729         case "void"    -> void.class;
 730 
 731         default        -> null;
 732         };
 733     }
 734 
 735     /**
 736      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 737      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 738      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 739      * has not already been initialized.
 740      *
 741      * @deprecated This method propagates any exception thrown by the
 742      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 743      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 744      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 745      * The {@link
 746      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 747      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 748      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 749      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 750      *
 751      * <p>The call
 752      *
 753      * {@snippet lang="java" :
 754      * clazz.newInstance()
 755      * }
 756      *
 757      * can be replaced by
 758      *
 759      * {@snippet lang="java" :
 760      * clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()
 761      * }
 762      *
 763      * The latter sequence of calls is inferred to be able to throw
 764      * the additional exception types {@link
 765      * InvocationTargetException} and {@link
 766      * NoSuchMethodException}. Both of these exception types are
 767      * subclasses of {@link ReflectiveOperationException}.
 768      *
 769      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 770      *          object.
 771      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 772      *          constructor is not accessible.
 773      * @throws  InstantiationException
 774      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 775      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 776      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 777      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 778      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 779      *          provoked by this method fails.
 780      * @throws  SecurityException
 781      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 782      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 783      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 784      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 785      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 786      *          of this class.
 787      */
 788     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 789     @CallerSensitive
 790     @Deprecated(since="9")
 791     public T newInstance()
 792         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 793     {
 794         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 795         if (sm != null) {
 796             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 797         }
 798 
 799         // Constructor lookup
 800         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 801         if (tmpConstructor == null) {
 802             if (this == Class.class) {
 803                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 804                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 805                 );
 806             }
 807             try {
 808                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 809                 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
 810                     getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
 811                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 812                 // access check is done with the true caller
 813                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 814                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 815                         public Void run() {
 816                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 817                                 return null;
 818                             }
 819                         });
 820                 cachedConstructor = tmpConstructor = c;
 821             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 822                 throw (InstantiationException)
 823                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 824             }
 825         }
 826 
 827         try {
 828             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 829             return getReflectionFactory().newInstance(tmpConstructor, null, caller);
 830         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 831             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 832             // Not reached
 833             return null;
 834         }
 835     }
 836 
 837     private transient volatile Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 838 
 839     /**
 840      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 841      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 842      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 843      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 844      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 845      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 846      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 847      * otherwise.
 848      *
 849      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 850      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 851      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 852      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 853      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 854      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 855      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 856      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 857      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 858      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 859      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 860      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 861      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 862      * returns {@code false}.
 863      *
 864      * @param   obj the object to check
 865      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 866      *
 867      * @since 1.1
 868      */
 869     @IntrinsicCandidate
 870     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 871 
 872 
 873     /**
 874      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 875      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 876      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 877      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 878      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 879      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 880      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 881      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 882      * {@code false}.
 883      *
 884      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 885      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 886      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 887      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <cite>The Java Language
 888      * Specification</cite>, sections {@jls 5.1.1} and {@jls 5.1.4},
 889      * for details.
 890      *
 891      * @param     cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 892      * @return    the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 893      *            type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 894      * @throws    NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 895      *            null.
 896      * @since     1.1
 897      */
 898     @IntrinsicCandidate
 899     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 900 
 901 
 902     /**
 903      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an
 904      * interface type.
 905      *
 906      * @return  {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an interface;
 907      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 908      */
 909     @IntrinsicCandidate
 910     public native boolean isInterface();
 911 
 912 
 913     /**
 914      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 915      *
 916      * @return  {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an array class;
 917      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 918      * @since   1.1
 919      */
 920     @IntrinsicCandidate
 921     public native boolean isArray();
 922 
 923 
 924     /**
 925      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents a primitive
 926      * type or void.
 927      *
 928      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to
 929      * represent the eight primitive types and void.  These are
 930      * created by the Java Virtual Machine, and have the same
 931      * {@linkplain #getName() names} as the primitive types that they
 932      * represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte}, {@code char},
 933      * {@code short}, {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
 934      * {@code double}.
 935      *
 936      * <p>No other class objects are considered primitive.
 937      *
 938      * @apiNote
 939      * A {@code Class} object represented by a primitive type can be
 940      * accessed via the {@code TYPE} public static final variables
 941      * defined in the primitive wrapper classes such as {@link
 942      * java.lang.Integer#TYPE Integer.TYPE}. In the Java programming
 943      * language, the objects may be referred to by a class literal
 944      * expression such as {@code int.class}.  The {@code Class} object
 945      * for void can be expressed as {@code void.class} or {@link
 946      * java.lang.Void#TYPE Void.TYPE}.
 947      *
 948      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 949      *
 950      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 951      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 952      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 953      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 954      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 955      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 956      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 957      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 958      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 959      * @since 1.1
 960      * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
 961      */
 962     @IntrinsicCandidate
 963     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 964 
 965     /**
 966      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 967      * interface.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 968      * would also return true, as all annotation interfaces are also interfaces.
 969      *
 970      * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 971      *      interface; {@code false} otherwise
 972      * @since 1.5
 973      */
 974     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 975         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 976     }
 977 
 978     /**
 979      *{@return {@code true} if and only if this class has the synthetic modifier
 980      * bit set}
 981      *
 982      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 983      * @jvms 4.1 The {@code ClassFile} Structure
 984      * @see <a
 985      * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
 986      * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
 987      * @since 1.5
 988      */
 989     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 990         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 991     }
 992 
 993     /**
 994      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
 995      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object.
 996      *
 997      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface,
 998      * not an array class, then:
 999      * <ul>
1000      * <li> If the class or interface is not {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden},
1001      *      then the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
1002      *      of the class or interface is returned.
1003      * <li> If the class or interface is hidden, then the result is a string
1004      *      of the form: {@code N + '/' + <suffix>}
1005      *      where {@code N} is the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
1006      *      indicated by the {@code class} file passed to
1007      *      {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
1008      *      Lookup::defineHiddenClass}, and {@code <suffix>} is an unqualified name.
1009      * </ul>
1010      *
1011      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array class, then
1012      * the result is a string consisting of one or more '{@code [}' characters
1013      * representing the depth of the array nesting, followed by the element
1014      * type as encoded using the following table:
1015      *
1016      * <blockquote><table class="striped" id="nameFormat">
1017      * <caption style="display:none">Element types and encodings</caption>
1018      * <thead>
1019      * <tr><th scope="col"> Element Type <th scope="col"> Encoding
1020      * </thead>
1021      * <tbody style="text-align:left">
1022      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code boolean} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code Z}
1023      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code byte}    <td style="text-align:center"> {@code B}
1024      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code char}    <td style="text-align:center"> {@code C}
1025      * <tr><th scope="row"> class or interface with {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name} <i>N</i>
1026      *                                      <td style="text-align:center"> {@code L}<em>N</em>{@code ;}
1027      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code double}  <td style="text-align:center"> {@code D}
1028      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code float}   <td style="text-align:center"> {@code F}
1029      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code int}     <td style="text-align:center"> {@code I}
1030      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code long}    <td style="text-align:center"> {@code J}
1031      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code short}   <td style="text-align:center"> {@code S}
1032      * </tbody>
1033      * </table></blockquote>
1034      *
1035      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or {@code void},
1036      * then the result is a string with the same spelling as the Java language
1037      * keyword which corresponds to the primitive type or {@code void}.
1038      *
1039      * <p> Examples:
1040      * <blockquote><pre>
1041      * String.class.getName()
1042      *     returns "java.lang.String"
1043      * Character.UnicodeBlock.class.getName()
1044      *     returns "java.lang.Character$UnicodeBlock"
1045      * byte.class.getName()
1046      *     returns "byte"
1047      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
1048      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
1049      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
1050      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
1051      * </pre></blockquote>
1052      *
1053      * @apiNote
1054      * Distinct class objects can have the same name but different class loaders.
1055      *
1056      * @return  the name of the class, interface, or other entity
1057      *          represented by this {@code Class} object.
1058      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
1059      */
1060     public String getName() {
1061         String name = this.name;
1062         return name != null ? name : initClassName();
1063     }
1064 
1065     // Cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM.
1066     // This field would be set by VM itself during initClassName call.
1067     private transient String name;
1068     private native String initClassName();
1069 
1070     /**
1071      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
1072      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
1073      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
1074      * class loader.
1075      *
1076      * <p>If this {@code Class} object
1077      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
1078      *
1079      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
1080      *          represented by this {@code Class} object.
1081      * @throws  SecurityException
1082      *          if a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader
1083      *          is not {@code null} and is not the same as or an ancestor of the
1084      *          class loader for the class whose class loader is requested,
1085      *          and the caller does not have the
1086      *          {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
1087      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
1088      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
1089      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
1090      */
1091     @CallerSensitive
1092     @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
1093     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
1094         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
1095         if (cl == null)
1096             return null;
1097         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1098         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1099         if (sm != null) {
1100             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
1101         }
1102         return cl;
1103     }
1104 
1105     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
1106     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
1107 
1108     /**
1109      * Returns the module that this class or interface is a member of.
1110      *
1111      * If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
1112      * {@code Module} for the element type. If this class represents a
1113      * primitive type or void, then the {@code Module} object for the
1114      * {@code java.base} module is returned.
1115      *
1116      * If this class is in an unnamed module then the {@linkplain
1117      * ClassLoader#getUnnamedModule() unnamed} {@code Module} of the class
1118      * loader for this class is returned.
1119      *
1120      * @return the module that this class or interface is a member of
1121      *
1122      * @since 9
1123      */
1124     public Module getModule() {
1125         return module;
1126     }
1127 
1128     // set by VM
1129     @Stable
1130     private transient Module module;
1131 
1132     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
1133     // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
1134     // will throw NoSuchFieldException
1135     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
1136 
1137     private transient Object classData; // Set by VM
1138     private transient Object[] signers; // Read by VM, mutable
1139 
1140     // package-private
1141     Object getClassData() {
1142         return classData;
1143     }
1144 
1145     /**
1146      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
1147      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
1148      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
1149      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
1150      * variables.
1151      *
1152      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
1153      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
1154      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
1155      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
1156      *     the format specified in section {@jvms 4.7.9} of
1157      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1158      * @since 1.5
1159      */
1160     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1161     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
1162         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1163         if (info != null)
1164             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
1165         else
1166             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
1167     }
1168 
1169 
1170     /**
1171      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
1172      * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
1173      * this {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
1174      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
1175      * null is returned.  If this {@code Class} object represents an array class
1176      * then the {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
1177      * returned.
1178      *
1179      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
1180      */
1181     @IntrinsicCandidate
1182     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
1183 
1184 
1185     /**
1186      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
1187      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
1188      * this {@code Class} object.
1189      *
1190      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
1191      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
1192      * arguments used in the source code. The parameterized type
1193      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
1194      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
1195      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
1196      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
1197      * this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
1198      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
1199      * returned.  If this {@code Class} object represents an array class
1200      * then the {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
1201      * returned.
1202      *
1203      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
1204      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
1205      *     section {@jvms 4.7.9} of <cite>The Java Virtual
1206      *     Machine Specification</cite>
1207      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
1208      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
1209      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
1210      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
1211      *     instantiated  for any reason
1212      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
1213      * @since 1.5
1214      */
1215     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
1216         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1217         if (info == null) {
1218             return getSuperclass();
1219         }
1220 
1221         // Historical irregularity:
1222         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
1223         // but this API returns null for interfaces
1224         if (isInterface()) {
1225             return null;
1226         }
1227 
1228         return info.getSuperclass();
1229     }
1230 
1231     /**
1232      * Gets the package of this class.
1233      *
1234      * <p>If this class represents an array type, a primitive type or void,
1235      * this method returns {@code null}.
1236      *
1237      * @return the package of this class.
1238      */
1239     public Package getPackage() {
1240         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
1241             return null;
1242         }
1243         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
1244         return cl != null ? cl.definePackage(this)
1245                           : BootLoader.definePackage(this);
1246     }
1247 
1248     /**
1249      * Returns the fully qualified package name.
1250      *
1251      * <p> If this class is a top level class, then this method returns the fully
1252      * qualified name of the package that the class is a member of, or the
1253      * empty string if the class is in an unnamed package.
1254      *
1255      * <p> If this class is a member class, then this method is equivalent to
1256      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@linkplain #getEnclosingClass
1257      * enclosing class}.
1258      *
1259      * <p> If this class is a {@linkplain #isLocalClass local class} or an {@linkplain
1260      * #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}, then this method is equivalent to
1261      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@linkplain #getDeclaringClass
1262      * declaring class} of the {@linkplain #getEnclosingMethod enclosing method} or
1263      * {@linkplain #getEnclosingConstructor enclosing constructor}.
1264      *
1265      * <p> If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
1266      * package name of the element type. If this class represents a primitive
1267      * type or void then the package name "{@code java.lang}" is returned.
1268      *
1269      * @return the fully qualified package name
1270      *
1271      * @since 9
1272      * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
1273      */
1274     public String getPackageName() {
1275         String pn = this.packageName;
1276         if (pn == null) {
1277             Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
1278             if (c.isPrimitive()) {
1279                 pn = "java.lang";
1280             } else {
1281                 String cn = c.getName();
1282                 int dot = cn.lastIndexOf('.');
1283                 pn = (dot != -1) ? cn.substring(0, dot).intern() : "";
1284             }
1285             this.packageName = pn;
1286         }
1287         return pn;
1288     }
1289 
1290     // cached package name
1291     private transient String packageName;
1292 
1293     /**
1294      * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
1295      * represented by this {@code Class} object.
1296      *
1297      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is an array
1298      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1299      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1300      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1301      * the declaration of the class represented by this {@code Class} object.  For example,
1302      * given the declaration:
1303      * <blockquote>
1304      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
1305      * </blockquote>
1306      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
1307      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
1308      * <blockquote>
1309      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
1310      * </blockquote>
1311      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1312      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
1313      * <blockquote>
1314      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
1315      * </blockquote>
1316      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1317      * {@code DessertTopping}.
1318      *
1319      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1320      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1321      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1322      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1323      * the interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
1324      *
1325      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that implements no
1326      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1327      *
1328      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1329      * returns an array of length 0.
1330      *
1331      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1332      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1333      * returned in that order.
1334      *
1335      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1336      */
1337     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
1338         // defensively copy before handing over to user code
1339         return getInterfaces(true);
1340     }
1341 
1342     private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
1343         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1344         if (rd == null) {
1345             // no cloning required
1346             return getInterfaces0();
1347         } else {
1348             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
1349             if (interfaces == null) {
1350                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
1351                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
1352             }
1353             // defensively copy if requested
1354             return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
1355         }
1356     }
1357 
1358     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
1359 
1360     /**
1361      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
1362      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
1363      * this {@code Class} object.
1364      *
1365      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
1366      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
1367      * the actual type arguments used in the source code. The
1368      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
1369      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
1370      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
1371      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
1372      * types.
1373      *
1374      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is an array
1375      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1376      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1377      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1378      * the declaration of the class represented by this {@code Class} object.
1379      *
1380      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1381      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1382      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1383      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1384      * the interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
1385      *
1386      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that implements no
1387      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1388      *
1389      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1390      * returns an array of length 0.
1391      *
1392      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1393      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1394      * returned in that order.
1395      *
1396      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
1397      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the
1398      *     format specified in section {@jvms 4.7.9} of <cite>The
1399      *     Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1400      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
1401      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
1402      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
1403      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
1404      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
1405      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1406      * @since 1.5
1407      */
1408     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
1409         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1410         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
1411     }
1412 
1413 
1414     /**
1415      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
1416      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
1417      * returns null.
1418      *
1419      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
1420      * class if this class is an array
1421      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
1422      * @since 1.1
1423      */
1424     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
1425         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
1426         if (isArray()) {
1427             return componentType;
1428         } else {
1429             return null;
1430         }
1431     }
1432 
1433     private final Class<?> componentType;
1434 
1435     /*
1436      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the element type of an array class.
1437      * If this class does not represent an array class, then this method returns
1438      * {@code null}.
1439      */
1440     private Class<?> elementType() {
1441         if (!isArray()) return null;
1442 
1443         Class<?> c = this;
1444         while (c.isArray()) {
1445             c = c.getComponentType();
1446         }
1447         return c;
1448     }
1449 
1450     /**
1451      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
1452      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
1453      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
1454      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
1455      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
1456      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
1457      *
1458      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class:
1459      * <ul>
1460      * <li> its {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
1461      *      modifiers are the same as those of its component type
1462      * <li> its {@code abstract} and {@code final} modifiers are always
1463      *      {@code true}
1464      * <li> its interface modifier is always {@code false}, even when
1465      *      the component type is an interface
1466      * </ul>
1467      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
1468      * void, its {@code public}, {@code abstract}, and {@code final}
1469      * modifiers are always {@code true}.
1470      * For {@code Class} objects representing void, primitive types, and
1471      * arrays, the values of other modifiers are {@code false} other
1472      * than as specified above.
1473      *
1474      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in section {@jvms 4.1}
1475      * of <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
1476      *
1477      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
1478      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
1479      * @see #accessFlags()
1480      * @see <a
1481      * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
1482      * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
1483      * @since 1.1
1484      * @jls 8.1.1 Class Modifiers
1485      * @jls 9.1.1 Interface Modifiers
1486      * @jvms 4.1 The {@code ClassFile} Structure
1487      */
1488     @IntrinsicCandidate
1489     public native int getModifiers();
1490 
1491     /**
1492      * {@return an unmodifiable set of the {@linkplain AccessFlag access
1493      * flags} for this class, possibly empty}
1494      *
1495      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class:
1496      * <ul>
1497      * <li> its {@code PUBLIC}, {@code PRIVATE} and {@code PROTECTED}
1498      *      access flags are the same as those of its component type
1499      * <li> its {@code ABSTRACT} and {@code FINAL} flags are present
1500      * <li> its {@code INTERFACE} flag is absent, even when the
1501      *      component type is an interface
1502      * </ul>
1503      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
1504      * void, the flags are {@code PUBLIC}, {@code ABSTRACT}, and
1505      * {@code FINAL}.
1506      * For {@code Class} objects representing void, primitive types, and
1507      * arrays, access flags are absent other than as specified above.
1508      *
1509      * @see #getModifiers()
1510      * @jvms 4.1 The ClassFile Structure
1511      * @jvms 4.7.6 The InnerClasses Attribute
1512      * @since 20
1513      */
1514     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
1515         // Location.CLASS allows SUPER and AccessFlag.MODULE which
1516         // INNER_CLASS forbids. INNER_CLASS allows PRIVATE, PROTECTED,
1517         // and STATIC, which are not allowed on Location.CLASS.
1518         // Use getClassAccessFlagsRaw to expose SUPER status.
1519         var location = (isMemberClass() || isLocalClass() ||
1520                         isAnonymousClass() || isArray()) ?
1521             AccessFlag.Location.INNER_CLASS :
1522             AccessFlag.Location.CLASS;
1523         return AccessFlag.maskToAccessFlags((location == AccessFlag.Location.CLASS) ?
1524                                             getClassAccessFlagsRaw() :
1525                                             getModifiers(),
1526                                             location);
1527     }
1528 
1529     /**
1530      * Gets the signers of this class.
1531      *
1532      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
1533      *          particular, this method returns null if this {@code Class} object represents
1534      *          a primitive type or void.
1535      * @since   1.1
1536      */
1537     public Object[] getSigners() {
1538         var signers = this.signers;
1539         return signers == null ? null : signers.clone();
1540     }
1541 
1542     /**
1543      * Set the signers of this class.
1544      */
1545     void setSigners(Object[] signers) {
1546         if (!isPrimitive() && !isArray()) {
1547             this.signers = signers;
1548         }
1549     }
1550 
1551     /**
1552      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1553      * class within a method, returns a {@link
1554      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1555      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1556      * {@code null} otherwise.
1557      *
1558      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1559      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a class or
1560      * interface declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1561      *
1562      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1563      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1564      *
1565      * @throws SecurityException
1566      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1567      *         following conditions is met:
1568      *
1569      *         <ul>
1570      *
1571      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1572      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1573      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1574      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1575      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1576      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1577      *
1578      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1579      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1580      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1581      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1582      *         of the enclosing class
1583      *
1584      *         </ul>
1585      * @since 1.5
1586      */
1587     @CallerSensitive
1588     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1589         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1590 
1591         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1592             return null;
1593         else {
1594             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1595                 return null;
1596 
1597             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1598                                                               getFactory());
1599             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1600             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1601             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1602 
1603             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1604             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1605             // don't have generics information
1606             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1607                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1608 
1609             // Perform access check
1610             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1611             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1612             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1613             if (sm != null) {
1614                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1615                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1616             }
1617             Method[] candidates = enclosingCandidate.privateGetDeclaredMethods(false);
1618 
1619             /*
1620              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1621              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1622              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1623              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1624              */
1625             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1626             for (Method m : candidates) {
1627                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) &&
1628                     arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1629                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))) {
1630                     // finally, check return type
1631                     if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType)) {
1632                         return fact.copyMethod(m);
1633                     }
1634                 }
1635             }
1636 
1637             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1638         }
1639     }
1640 
1641     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1642 
1643     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1644         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1645         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1646             return null;
1647         else {
1648             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1649         }
1650     }
1651 
1652     private static final class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1653         private final Class<?> enclosingClass;
1654         private final String name;
1655         private final String descriptor;
1656 
1657         static void validate(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1658             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1659                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1660             try {
1661                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1662 
1663                 // the immediately enclosing class
1664                 Class<?> enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1665                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1666 
1667                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1668                 // name (can be null).
1669                 String name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1670 
1671                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1672                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1673                 String descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1674                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1675             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1676                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1677             }
1678         }
1679 
1680         EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1681             validate(enclosingInfo);
1682             this.enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1683             this.name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1684             this.descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1685         }
1686 
1687         boolean isPartial() {
1688             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1689         }
1690 
1691         boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && ConstantDescs.INIT_NAME.equals(name); }
1692 
1693         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !ConstantDescs.CLASS_INIT_NAME.equals(name); }
1694 
1695         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1696 
1697         String getName() { return name; }
1698 
1699         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1700 
1701     }
1702 
1703     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1704         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType gat)
1705             return toClass(gat.getGenericComponentType()).arrayType();
1706         return (Class<?>)o;
1707      }
1708 
1709     /**
1710      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1711      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1712      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1713      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1714      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1715      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1716      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a class or
1717      * interface declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1718      *
1719      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1720      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1721      * @throws SecurityException
1722      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1723      *         following conditions is met:
1724      *
1725      *         <ul>
1726      *
1727      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1728      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1729      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1730      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1731      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1732      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1733      *
1734      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1735      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1736      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1737      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1738      *         of the enclosing class
1739      *
1740      *         </ul>
1741      * @since 1.5
1742      */
1743     @CallerSensitive
1744     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1745         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1746 
1747         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1748             return null;
1749         else {
1750             if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1751                 return null;
1752 
1753             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1754                                                                         getFactory());
1755             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1756             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1757 
1758             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1759             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1760             // don't have generics information
1761             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1762                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1763 
1764             // Perform access check
1765             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1766             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1767             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1768             if (sm != null) {
1769                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1770                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1771             }
1772 
1773             Constructor<?>[] candidates = enclosingCandidate
1774                     .privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false);
1775             /*
1776              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1777              * of and type of parameters.
1778              */
1779             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1780             for (Constructor<?> c : candidates) {
1781                 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1782                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(c))) {
1783                     return fact.copyConstructor(c);
1784                 }
1785             }
1786 
1787             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1788         }
1789     }
1790 
1791 
1792     /**
1793      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1794      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1795      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1796      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1797      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1798      * type, or void, then this method returns null.
1799      *
1800      * @return the declaring class for this class
1801      * @throws SecurityException
1802      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1803      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1804      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1805      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1806      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1807      * @since 1.1
1808      */
1809     @CallerSensitive
1810     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1811         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1812 
1813         if (candidate != null) {
1814             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1815             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1816             if (sm != null) {
1817                 candidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1818                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1819             }
1820         }
1821         return candidate;
1822     }
1823 
1824     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1825 
1826 
1827     /**
1828      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1829      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1830      * method returns {@code null}.
1831      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1832      * @throws     SecurityException
1833      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1834      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1835      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1836      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1837      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1838      * @since 1.5
1839      */
1840     @CallerSensitive
1841     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1842         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1843         // a) Top level classes
1844         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1845         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1846         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1847         // e) Anonymous classes
1848 
1849 
1850         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1851         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1852         // anonymous class.
1853         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1854         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1855 
1856         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1857             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1858             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1859         } else {
1860             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1861             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1862             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1863                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1864             else
1865                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1866         }
1867 
1868         if (enclosingCandidate != null) {
1869             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1870             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1871             if (sm != null) {
1872                 enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1873                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1874             }
1875         }
1876         return enclosingCandidate;
1877     }
1878 
1879     /**
1880      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1881      * source code. An empty string is returned if the underlying class is
1882      * {@linkplain #isAnonymousClass() anonymous}.
1883      * A {@linkplain #isSynthetic() synthetic class}, one not present
1884      * in source code, can have a non-empty name including special
1885      * characters, such as "{@code $}".
1886      *
1887      * <p>The simple name of an {@linkplain #isArray() array class} is the simple name of the
1888      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1889      * name of an array class whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1890      *
1891      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1892      * @since 1.5
1893      */
1894     public String getSimpleName() {
1895         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1896         String simpleName = rd.simpleName;
1897         if (simpleName == null) {
1898             rd.simpleName = simpleName = getSimpleName0();
1899         }
1900         return simpleName;
1901     }
1902 
1903     private String getSimpleName0() {
1904         if (isArray()) {
1905             return getComponentType().getSimpleName().concat("[]");
1906         }
1907         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1908         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1909             simpleName = getName();
1910             simpleName = simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1); // strip the package name
1911         }
1912         return simpleName;
1913     }
1914 
1915     /**
1916      * Return an informative string for the name of this class or interface.
1917      *
1918      * @return an informative string for the name of this class or interface
1919      * @since 1.8
1920      */
1921     public String getTypeName() {
1922         if (isArray()) {
1923             try {
1924                 Class<?> cl = this;
1925                 int dimensions = 0;
1926                 do {
1927                     dimensions++;
1928                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1929                 } while (cl.isArray());
1930                 return cl.getName().concat("[]".repeat(dimensions));
1931             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1932         }
1933         return getName();
1934     }
1935 
1936     /**
1937      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1938      * defined by <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
1939      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class does not have a canonical
1940      * name. Classes without canonical names include:
1941      * <ul>
1942      * <li>a {@linkplain #isLocalClass() local class}
1943      * <li>a {@linkplain #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}
1944      * <li>a {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden class}
1945      * <li>an array whose component type does not have a canonical name</li>
1946      * </ul>
1947      *
1948      * The canonical name for a primitive class is the keyword for the
1949      * corresponding primitive type ({@code byte}, {@code short},
1950      * {@code char}, {@code int}, and so on).
1951      *
1952      * <p>An array type has a canonical name if and only if its
1953      * component type has a canonical name. When an array type has a
1954      * canonical name, it is equal to the canonical name of the
1955      * component type followed by "{@code []}".
1956      *
1957      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1958      * {@code null} otherwise.
1959      * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
1960      * @since 1.5
1961      */
1962     public String getCanonicalName() {
1963         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1964         String canonicalName = rd.canonicalName;
1965         if (canonicalName == null) {
1966             rd.canonicalName = canonicalName = getCanonicalName0();
1967         }
1968         return canonicalName == ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL? null : canonicalName;
1969     }
1970 
1971     private String getCanonicalName0() {
1972         if (isArray()) {
1973             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1974             if (canonicalName != null)
1975                 return canonicalName.concat("[]");
1976             else
1977                 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1978         }
1979         if (isHidden() || isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1980             return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1981         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1982         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1983             return getName();
1984         } else {
1985             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1986             if (enclosingName == null)
1987                 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1988             String simpleName = getSimpleName();
1989             return new StringBuilder(enclosingName.length() + simpleName.length() + 1)
1990                     .append(enclosingName)
1991                     .append('.')
1992                     .append(simpleName)
1993                     .toString();
1994         }
1995     }
1996 
1997     /**
1998      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1999      * is an anonymous class.
2000      *
2001      * @apiNote
2002      * An anonymous class is not a {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden class}.
2003      *
2004      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
2005      * @since 1.5
2006      * @jls 15.9.5 Anonymous Class Declarations
2007      */
2008     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
2009         return !isArray() && isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
2010                 getSimpleBinaryName0() == null;
2011     }
2012 
2013     /**
2014      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
2015      * is a local class.
2016      *
2017      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
2018      * @since 1.5
2019      * @jls 14.3 Local Class and Interface Declarations
2020      */
2021     public boolean isLocalClass() {
2022         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
2023                 (isArray() || getSimpleBinaryName0() != null);
2024     }
2025 
2026     /**
2027      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
2028      * is a member class.
2029      *
2030      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
2031      * @since 1.5
2032      * @jls 8.5 Member Class and Interface Declarations
2033      */
2034     public boolean isMemberClass() {
2035         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() != null;
2036     }
2037 
2038     /**
2039      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
2040      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
2041      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
2042      * class.
2043      */
2044     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
2045         if (isTopLevelClass())
2046             return null;
2047         String name = getSimpleBinaryName0();
2048         if (name == null) // anonymous class
2049             return "";
2050         return name;
2051     }
2052 
2053     private native String getSimpleBinaryName0();
2054 
2055     /**
2056      * Returns {@code true} if this is a top level class.  Returns {@code false}
2057      * otherwise.
2058      */
2059     private boolean isTopLevelClass() {
2060         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() == null;
2061     }
2062 
2063     /**
2064      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
2065      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
2066      */
2067     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
2068         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
2069         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
2070         // anonymous class.
2071         return hasEnclosingMethodInfo();
2072     }
2073 
2074     private boolean hasEnclosingMethodInfo() {
2075         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
2076         if (enclosingInfo != null) {
2077             EnclosingMethodInfo.validate(enclosingInfo);
2078             return true;
2079         }
2080         return false;
2081     }
2082 
2083     /**
2084      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
2085      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
2086      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
2087      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
2088      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
2089      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
2090      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
2091      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
2092      * class, or void.
2093      *
2094      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
2095      *         members of this class
2096      * @throws SecurityException
2097      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2098      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2099      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2100      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2101      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2102      *         of this class.
2103      *
2104      * @since 1.1
2105      */
2106     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2107     @CallerSensitive
2108     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
2109         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2110         if (sm != null) {
2111             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2112         }
2113 
2114         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
2115         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
2116         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
2117         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
2118         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
2119 
2120         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
2121             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
2122                 public Class<?>[] run() {
2123                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
2124                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
2125                     while (currentClass != null) {
2126                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
2127                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
2128                                 list.add(m);
2129                             }
2130                         }
2131                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
2132                     }
2133                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
2134                 }
2135             });
2136     }
2137 
2138 
2139     /**
2140      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
2141      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
2142      * this {@code Class} object.
2143      *
2144      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
2145      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
2146      * 0.
2147      *
2148      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
2149      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
2150      * superinterfaces.
2151      *
2152      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
2153      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
2154      * superinterfaces.
2155      *
2156      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2157      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2158      *
2159      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2160      * particular order.
2161      *
2162      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
2163      *         public fields
2164      * @throws SecurityException
2165      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2166      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2167      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2168      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2169      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2170      *         of this class.
2171      *
2172      * @since 1.1
2173      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2174      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2175      */
2176     @CallerSensitive
2177     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
2178         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2179         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2180         if (sm != null) {
2181             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2182         }
2183         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields());
2184     }
2185 
2186 
2187     /**
2188      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2189      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2190      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
2191      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
2192      *
2193      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
2194      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
2195      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
2196      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
2197      *
2198      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
2199      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
2200      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2201      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
2202      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
2203      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
2204      *
2205      * <p> The returned array never contains methods with names {@value
2206      * ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME}.
2207      *
2208      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2209      * particular order.
2210      *
2211      * <p> Generally, the result is computed as with the following 4 step algorithm.
2212      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2213      * <ol>
2214      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2215      *   <ol type="a">
2216      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2217      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2218      *        methods.</li>
2219      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2220      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2221      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2222      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2223      *   </ol></li>
2224      * <li> Union from step 1 is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2225      *      signature (name, parameter types) and return type.</li>
2226      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2227      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same signature
2228      *      and return type. M is most specific if there is no such method
2229      *      N != M from the same set, such that N is more specific than M.
2230      *      N is more specific than M if:
2231      *   <ol type="a">
2232      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2233      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2234      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2235      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2236      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
2237      *   </ol></li>
2238      * <li> The result of this algorithm is the union of all selected methods from
2239      *      step 3.</li>
2240      * </ol>
2241      *
2242      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with a particular name
2243      * and parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2244      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2245      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
2246      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2247      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
2248      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2249      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2250      * method and the overriding method would have the same
2251      * signature but different return types.
2252      *
2253      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
2254      *         public methods of this class
2255      * @throws SecurityException
2256      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2257      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2258      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2259      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2260      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2261      *         of this class.
2262      *
2263      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2264      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2265      * @since 1.1
2266      */
2267     @CallerSensitive
2268     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
2269         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2270         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2271         if (sm != null) {
2272             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2273         }
2274         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
2275     }
2276 
2277 
2278     /**
2279      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
2280      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
2281      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
2282      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
2283      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
2284      *
2285      * @apiNote
2286      * While this method returns an array of {@code
2287      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
2288      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
2289      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
2290      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
2291      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
2292      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
2293      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
2294      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
2295      *
2296      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
2297      *         public constructors of this class
2298      * @throws SecurityException
2299      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2300      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2301      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2302      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2303      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2304      *         of this class.
2305      *
2306      * @see #getDeclaredConstructors()
2307      * @since 1.1
2308      */
2309     @CallerSensitive
2310     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2311         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2312         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2313         if (sm != null) {
2314             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2315         }
2316         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
2317     }
2318 
2319 
2320     /**
2321      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
2322      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2323      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
2324      * simple name of the desired field.
2325      *
2326      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
2327      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2328      *
2329      * <OL>
2330      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
2331      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
2332      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
2333      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
2334      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
2335      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
2336      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
2337      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
2338      *      is thrown.</LI>
2339      * </OL>
2340      *
2341      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2342      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2343      *
2344      * @param name the field name
2345      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
2346      *         {@code name}
2347      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2348      *         not found.
2349      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2350      * @throws SecurityException
2351      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2352      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2353      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2354      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2355      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2356      *         of this class.
2357      *
2358      * @since 1.1
2359      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2360      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2361      */
2362     @CallerSensitive
2363     public Field getField(String name)
2364         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2365         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2366         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2367         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2368         if (sm != null) {
2369             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2370         }
2371         Field field = getField0(name);
2372         if (field == null) {
2373             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2374         }
2375         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2376     }
2377 
2378 
2379     /**
2380      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
2381      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
2382      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2383      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
2384      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
2385      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
2386      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
2387      * treated as if it were an empty array.
2388      *
2389      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2390      * method finds any public method inherited by the array type from
2391      * {@code Object} except method {@code clone()}.
2392      *
2393      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then this
2394      * method does not find any implicitly declared method from
2395      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2396      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces, then this method does not
2397      * find any method.
2398      *
2399      * <p> This method does not find any method with name {@value
2400      * ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME}.
2401      *
2402      * <p> Generally, the method to be reflected is determined by the 4 step
2403      * algorithm that follows.
2404      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2405      * <ol>
2406      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2407      *   <ol type="a">
2408      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2409      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2410      *        methods that match given {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}</li>
2411      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2412      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2413      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2414      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2415      *   </ol></li>
2416      * <li> This union is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2417      *      return type (the selection of methods from step 1 also guarantees that
2418      *      they have the same method name and parameter types).</li>
2419      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2420      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same VM
2421      *      signature (return type, name, parameter types).
2422      *      M is most specific if there is no such method N != M from the same
2423      *      set, such that N is more specific than M. N is more specific than M
2424      *      if:
2425      *   <ol type="a">
2426      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2427      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2428      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2429      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2430      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
2431      *   </ol></li>
2432      * <li> The result of this algorithm is chosen arbitrarily from the methods
2433      *      with most specific return type among all selected methods from step 3.
2434      *      Let R be a return type of a method M from the set of all selected methods
2435      *      from step 3. M is a method with most specific return type if there is
2436      *      no such method N != M from the same set, having return type S != R,
2437      *      such that S is a subtype of R as determined by
2438      *      R.class.{@link #isAssignableFrom}(S.class).
2439      * </ol>
2440      *
2441      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with matching name and
2442      * parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2443      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2444      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
2445      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2446      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
2447      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2448      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2449      * method and the overriding method would have the same
2450      * signature but different return types. This method would return the
2451      * overriding method as it would have a more specific return type.
2452      *
2453      * @param name the name of the method
2454      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
2455      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
2456      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
2457      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
2458      *         or if the name is {@value ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or
2459      *         {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME}.
2460      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2461      * @throws SecurityException
2462      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2463      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2464      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2465      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2466      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2467      *         of this class.
2468      *
2469      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2470      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2471      * @since 1.1
2472      */
2473     @CallerSensitive
2474     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2475         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2476         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2477         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2478         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2479         if (sm != null) {
2480             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2481         }
2482         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
2483         if (method == null) {
2484             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2485         }
2486         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2487     }
2488 
2489     /**
2490      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2491      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
2492      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2493      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
2494      * parameter types, in declared order.
2495      *
2496      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2497      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2498      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2499      *
2500      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
2501      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
2502      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
2503      *
2504      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2505      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
2506      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
2507      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching constructor is not found,
2508      *         including when this {@code Class} object represents
2509      *         an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.
2510      * @throws SecurityException
2511      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2512      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2513      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2514      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2515      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2516      *         of this class.
2517      *
2518      * @see #getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>[])
2519      * @since 1.1
2520      */
2521     @CallerSensitive
2522     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2523         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2524     {
2525         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2526         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2527         if (sm != null) {
2528             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2529         }
2530         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2531             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
2532     }
2533 
2534 
2535     /**
2536      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
2537      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
2538      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2539      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
2540      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
2541      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
2542      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
2543      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
2544      *
2545      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
2546      *         declared members of this class
2547      * @throws SecurityException
2548      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2549      *         following conditions is met:
2550      *
2551      *         <ul>
2552      *
2553      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2554      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
2555      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2556      *         s.checkPermission} method with
2557      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2558      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
2559      *
2560      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2561      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2562      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2563      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2564      *         of this class
2565      *
2566      *         </ul>
2567      *
2568      * @since 1.1
2569      * @jls 8.5 Member Class and Interface Declarations
2570      */
2571     @CallerSensitive
2572     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
2573         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2574         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2575         if (sm != null) {
2576             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2577         }
2578         return getDeclaredClasses0();
2579     }
2580 
2581 
2582     /**
2583      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
2584      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
2585      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2586      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
2587      *
2588      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2589      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2590      *
2591      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2592      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2593      *
2594      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2595      * particular order.
2596      *
2597      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
2598      *          declared fields of this class
2599      * @throws  SecurityException
2600      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2601      *          following conditions is met:
2602      *
2603      *          <ul>
2604      *
2605      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2606      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2607      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2608      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2609      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2610      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
2611      *
2612      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2613      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2614      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2615      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2616      *          of this class
2617      *
2618      *          </ul>
2619      *
2620      * @since 1.1
2621      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2622      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2623      */
2624     @CallerSensitive
2625     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
2626         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2627         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2628         if (sm != null) {
2629             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2630         }
2631         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
2632     }
2633 
2634     /**
2635      * Returns an array of {@code RecordComponent} objects representing all the
2636      * record components of this record class, or {@code null} if this class is
2637      * not a record class.
2638      *
2639      * <p> The components are returned in the same order that they are declared
2640      * in the record header. The array is empty if this record class has no
2641      * components. If the class is not a record class, that is {@link
2642      * #isRecord()} returns {@code false}, then this method returns {@code null}.
2643      * Conversely, if {@link #isRecord()} returns {@code true}, then this method
2644      * returns a non-null value.
2645      *
2646      * @apiNote
2647      * <p> The following method can be used to find the record canonical constructor:
2648      *
2649      * {@snippet lang="java" :
2650      * static <T extends Record> Constructor<T> getCanonicalConstructor(Class<T> cls)
2651      *     throws NoSuchMethodException {
2652      *   Class<?>[] paramTypes =
2653      *     Arrays.stream(cls.getRecordComponents())
2654      *           .map(RecordComponent::getType)
2655      *           .toArray(Class<?>[]::new);
2656      *   return cls.getDeclaredConstructor(paramTypes);
2657      * }}
2658      *
2659      * @return  An array of {@code RecordComponent} objects representing all the
2660      *          record components of this record class, or {@code null} if this
2661      *          class is not a record class
2662      * @throws  SecurityException
2663      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2664      *          following conditions is met:
2665      *
2666      *          <ul>
2667      *
2668      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2669      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2670      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2671      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2672      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2673      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2674      *
2675      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2676      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2677      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2678      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2679      *          of this class
2680      *
2681      *          </ul>
2682      *
2683      * @jls 8.10 Record Classes
2684      * @since 16
2685      */
2686     @CallerSensitive
2687     public RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents() {
2688         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2689         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2690         if (sm != null) {
2691             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2692         }
2693         if (!isRecord()) {
2694             return null;
2695         }
2696         return getRecordComponents0();
2697     }
2698 
2699     /**
2700      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2701      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2702      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
2703      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
2704      * The declared methods may include methods <em>not</em> in the
2705      * source of the class or interface, including {@linkplain
2706      * Method#isBridge bridge methods} and other {@linkplain
2707      * Executable#isSynthetic synthetic} methods added by compilers.
2708      *
2709      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that
2710      * has multiple declared methods with the same name and parameter types,
2711      * but different return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method}
2712      * object for each such method.
2713      *
2714      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that
2715      * has a class initialization method {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME},
2716      * then the returned array does <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code
2717      * Method} object.
2718      *
2719      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2720      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
2721      *
2722      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2723      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
2724      *
2725      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2726      * particular order.
2727      *
2728      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
2729      *          declared methods of this class
2730      * @throws  SecurityException
2731      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2732      *          following conditions is met:
2733      *
2734      *          <ul>
2735      *
2736      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2737      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2738      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2739      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2740      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2741      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2742      *
2743      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2744      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2745      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2746      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2747      *          of this class
2748      *
2749      *          </ul>
2750      *
2751      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2752      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2753      * @see <a
2754      * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
2755      * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
2756      * @since 1.1
2757      */
2758     @CallerSensitive
2759     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2760         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2761         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2762         if (sm != null) {
2763             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2764         }
2765         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2766     }
2767 
2768     /**
2769      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2770      * constructors implicitly or explicitly declared by the class represented by this
2771      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2772      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
2773      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
2774      * class has a default constructor (JLS {@jls 8.8.9}), it is included in the returned array.
2775      * If a record class has a canonical constructor (JLS {@jls
2776      * 8.10.4.1}, {@jls 8.10.4.2}), it is included in the returned array.
2777      *
2778      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2779      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2780      * void.
2781      *
2782      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2783      *          declared constructors of this class
2784      * @throws  SecurityException
2785      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2786      *          following conditions is met:
2787      *
2788      *          <ul>
2789      *
2790      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2791      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2792      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2793      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2794      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2795      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2796      *
2797      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2798      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2799      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2800      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2801      *          of this class
2802      *
2803      *          </ul>
2804      *
2805      * @since 1.1
2806      * @see #getConstructors()
2807      * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
2808      */
2809     @CallerSensitive
2810     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2811         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2812         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2813         if (sm != null) {
2814             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2815         }
2816         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2817     }
2818 
2819 
2820     /**
2821      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2822      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2823      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2824      * the simple name of the desired field.
2825      *
2826      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2827      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2828      *
2829      * @param name the name of the field
2830      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2831      *          class
2832      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2833      *          not found.
2834      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2835      * @throws  SecurityException
2836      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2837      *          following conditions is met:
2838      *
2839      *          <ul>
2840      *
2841      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2842      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2843      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2844      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2845      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2846      *          denies access to the declared field
2847      *
2848      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2849      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2850      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2851      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2852      *          of this class
2853      *
2854      *          </ul>
2855      *
2856      * @since 1.1
2857      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2858      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2859      */
2860     @CallerSensitive
2861     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2862         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2863         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2864         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2865         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2866         if (sm != null) {
2867             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2868         }
2869         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2870         if (field == null) {
2871             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2872         }
2873         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2874     }
2875 
2876 
2877     /**
2878      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2879      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2880      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2881      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2882      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2883      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2884      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2885      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2886      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2887      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2888      * name is {@value ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or {@value
2889      * ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME} a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2890      * is raised.
2891      *
2892      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2893      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2894      *
2895      * @param name the name of the method
2896      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2897      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2898      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2899      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2900      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2901      * @throws  SecurityException
2902      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2903      *          following conditions is met:
2904      *
2905      *          <ul>
2906      *
2907      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2908      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2909      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2910      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2911      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2912      *          denies access to the declared method
2913      *
2914      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2915      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2916      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2917      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2918      *          of this class
2919      *
2920      *          </ul>
2921      *
2922      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2923      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2924      * @since 1.1
2925      */
2926     @CallerSensitive
2927     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2928         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2929         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2930         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2931         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2932         if (sm != null) {
2933             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2934         }
2935         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2936         if (method == null) {
2937             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2938         }
2939         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2940     }
2941 
2942     /**
2943      * Returns the list of {@code Method} objects for the declared public
2944      * methods of this class or interface that have the specified method name
2945      * and parameter types.
2946      *
2947      * @param name the name of the method
2948      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2949      * @return the list of {@code Method} objects for the public methods of
2950      *         this class matching the specified name and parameters
2951      */
2952     List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2953         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
2954         ReflectionFactory factory = getReflectionFactory();
2955         List<Method> result = new ArrayList<>();
2956         for (Method method : methods) {
2957             if (method.getName().equals(name)
2958                 && Arrays.equals(
2959                     factory.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(method),
2960                     parameterTypes)) {
2961                 result.add(factory.copyMethod(method));
2962             }
2963         }
2964         return result;
2965     }
2966 
2967     /**
2968      * Returns the most specific {@code Method} object of this class, super class or
2969      * interface that have the specified method name and parameter types.
2970      *
2971      * @param publicOnly true if only public methods are examined, otherwise all methods
2972      * @param name the name of the method
2973      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2974      * @return the {@code Method} object for the method found from this class matching
2975      * the specified name and parameters, or null if not found
2976      */
2977     Method findMethod(boolean publicOnly, String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2978         PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, true, publicOnly);
2979         return res == null ? null : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res.getMostSpecific());
2980     }
2981 
2982     /**
2983      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2984      * constructor of the class represented by this
2985      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2986      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2987      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2988      *
2989      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2990      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2991      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2992      *
2993      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2994      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2995      *          specified parameter list
2996      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching constructor is not found,
2997      *          including when this {@code Class} object represents
2998      *          an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.
2999      * @throws  SecurityException
3000      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
3001      *          following conditions is met:
3002      *
3003      *          <ul>
3004      *
3005      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
3006      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
3007      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
3008      *          s.checkPermission} method with
3009      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
3010      *          denies access to the declared constructor
3011      *
3012      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
3013      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
3014      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
3015      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
3016      *          of this class
3017      *
3018      *          </ul>
3019      *
3020      * @see #getConstructor(Class<?>[])
3021      * @since 1.1
3022      */
3023     @CallerSensitive
3024     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
3025         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
3026     {
3027         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
3028         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3029         if (sm != null) {
3030             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
3031         }
3032 
3033         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
3034             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
3035     }
3036 
3037     /**
3038      * Finds a resource with a given name.
3039      *
3040      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
3041      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
3042      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
3043      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
3044      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
3045      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
3046      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
3047      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
3048      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
3049      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
3050      * caller's module.
3051      *
3052      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
3053      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
3054      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
3055      * delegates to this {@code Class} object's class loader.
3056      * If this {@code Class} object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader,
3057      * the method delegates to {@link ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
3058      *
3059      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
3060      * given resource name using this algorithm:
3061      *
3062      * <ul>
3063      *
3064      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
3065      * (<code>'&#92;u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
3066      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
3067      *
3068      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
3069      *
3070      * <blockquote>
3071      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
3072      * </blockquote>
3073      *
3074      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
3075      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
3076      * (<code>'&#92;u002e'</code>).
3077      *
3078      * </ul>
3079      *
3080      * @param  name name of the desired resource
3081      * @return  A {@link java.io.InputStream} object; {@code null} if no
3082      *          resource with this name is found, the resource is in a package
3083      *          that is not {@linkplain Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at
3084      *          least the caller module, or access to the resource is denied
3085      *          by the security manager.
3086      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
3087      *
3088      * @see Module#getResourceAsStream(String)
3089      * @since  1.1
3090      */
3091     @CallerSensitive
3092     public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
3093         name = resolveName(name);
3094 
3095         Module thisModule = getModule();
3096         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
3097             // check if resource can be located by caller
3098             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
3099                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
3100                 return null;
3101             }
3102 
3103             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
3104             String mn = thisModule.getName();
3105             ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3106             try {
3107 
3108                 // special-case built-in class loaders to avoid the
3109                 // need for a URL connection
3110                 if (cl == null) {
3111                     return BootLoader.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
3112                 } else if (cl instanceof BuiltinClassLoader bcl) {
3113                     return bcl.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
3114                 } else {
3115                     URL url = cl.findResource(mn, name);
3116                     return (url != null) ? url.openStream() : null;
3117                 }
3118 
3119             } catch (IOException | SecurityException e) {
3120                 return null;
3121             }
3122         }
3123 
3124         // unnamed module
3125         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3126         if (cl == null) {
3127             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
3128         } else {
3129             return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
3130         }
3131     }
3132 
3133     /**
3134      * Finds a resource with a given name.
3135      *
3136      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
3137      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
3138      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
3139      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
3140      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
3141      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
3142      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
3143      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
3144      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
3145      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
3146      * caller's module.
3147      *
3148      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
3149      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
3150      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
3151      * delegates to this {@code Class} object's class loader.
3152      * If this {@code Class} object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader,
3153      * the method delegates to {@link ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
3154      *
3155      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
3156      * given resource name using this algorithm:
3157      *
3158      * <ul>
3159      *
3160      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
3161      * (<code>'&#92;u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
3162      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
3163      *
3164      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
3165      *
3166      * <blockquote>
3167      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
3168      * </blockquote>
3169      *
3170      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
3171      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
3172      * (<code>'&#92;u002e'</code>).
3173      *
3174      * </ul>
3175      *
3176      * @param  name name of the desired resource
3177      * @return A {@link java.net.URL} object; {@code null} if no resource with
3178      *         this name is found, the resource cannot be located by a URL, the
3179      *         resource is in a package that is not
3180      *         {@linkplain Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at least the caller
3181      *         module, or access to the resource is denied by the security
3182      *         manager.
3183      * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
3184      * @since  1.1
3185      */
3186     @CallerSensitive
3187     public URL getResource(String name) {
3188         name = resolveName(name);
3189 
3190         Module thisModule = getModule();
3191         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
3192             // check if resource can be located by caller
3193             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
3194                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
3195                 return null;
3196             }
3197 
3198             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
3199             String mn = thisModule.getName();
3200             ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3201             try {
3202                 if (cl == null) {
3203                     return BootLoader.findResource(mn, name);
3204                 } else {
3205                     return cl.findResource(mn, name);
3206                 }
3207             } catch (IOException ioe) {
3208                 return null;
3209             }
3210         }
3211 
3212         // unnamed module
3213         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3214         if (cl == null) {
3215             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
3216         } else {
3217             return cl.getResource(name);
3218         }
3219     }
3220 
3221     /**
3222      * Returns true if a resource with the given name can be located by the
3223      * given caller. All resources in a module can be located by code in
3224      * the module. For other callers, then the package needs to be open to
3225      * the caller.
3226      */
3227     private boolean isOpenToCaller(String name, Class<?> caller) {
3228         // assert getModule().isNamed();
3229         Module thisModule = getModule();
3230         Module callerModule = (caller != null) ? caller.getModule() : null;
3231         if (callerModule != thisModule) {
3232             String pn = Resources.toPackageName(name);
3233             if (thisModule.getDescriptor().packages().contains(pn)) {
3234                 if (callerModule == null) {
3235                     // no caller, return true if the package is open to all modules
3236                     return thisModule.isOpen(pn);
3237                 }
3238                 if (!thisModule.isOpen(pn, callerModule)) {
3239                     // package not open to caller
3240                     return false;
3241                 }
3242             }
3243         }
3244         return true;
3245     }
3246 
3247     /**
3248      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
3249      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
3250      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
3251      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
3252      * ensure it's ok to get the
3253      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
3254      *
3255      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
3256      *
3257      * @throws SecurityException
3258      *        if a security manager exists and its
3259      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
3260      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
3261      *
3262      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
3263      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
3264      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
3265      * @since 1.2
3266      */
3267     public ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
3268         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
3269         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3270         if (sm != null) {
3271             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
3272         }
3273         return protectionDomain();
3274     }
3275 
3276     /** Holder for the protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
3277     private static class Holder {
3278         private static final ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
3279         static {
3280             Permissions perms = new Permissions();
3281             perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
3282             allPermDomain = new ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
3283         }
3284     }
3285 
3286     // package-private
3287     ProtectionDomain protectionDomain() {
3288         ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
3289         if (pd == null) {
3290             return Holder.allPermDomain;
3291         } else {
3292             return pd;
3293         }
3294     }
3295 
3296     /**
3297      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
3298      */
3299     private native ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
3300 
3301     /*
3302      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
3303      * primitive type.
3304      */
3305     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
3306 
3307     /*
3308      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
3309      * throw a SecurityException.
3310      *
3311      * This method also enforces package access.
3312      *
3313      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
3314      * control.
3315      *
3316      * <p> NOTE: should only be called if a SecurityManager is installed
3317      */
3318     private void checkMemberAccess(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm, int which,
3319                                    Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
3320         /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
3321          * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
3322          * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
3323          * permission.
3324          */
3325         final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
3326         if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
3327             final ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3328             if (ccl != cl) {
3329                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
3330             }
3331         }
3332         this.checkPackageAccess(sm, ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
3333     }
3334 
3335     /*
3336      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
3337      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
3338      * throw a SecurityException.
3339      *
3340      * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
3341      */
3342     private void checkPackageAccess(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm, final ClassLoader ccl,
3343                                     boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
3344         final ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3345 
3346         if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
3347             String pkg = this.getPackageName();
3348             if (!pkg.isEmpty()) {
3349                 // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
3350                 if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
3351                     sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
3352                 }
3353             }
3354         }
3355         // check package access on the proxy interfaces
3356         if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
3357             ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false));
3358         }
3359     }
3360 
3361     /*
3362      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access the provided
3363      * classes under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
3364      * throw a SecurityException.
3365      *
3366      * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
3367      *       classes must be non-empty
3368      *       all classes provided must be loaded by the same ClassLoader
3369      * NOTE: this method does not support Proxy classes
3370      */
3371     private static void checkPackageAccessForPermittedSubclasses(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm,
3372                                     final ClassLoader ccl, Class<?>[] subClasses) {
3373         final ClassLoader cl = subClasses[0].classLoader;
3374 
3375         if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
3376             Set<String> packages = new HashSet<>();
3377 
3378             for (Class<?> c : subClasses) {
3379                 if (Proxy.isProxyClass(c))
3380                     throw new InternalError("a permitted subclass should not be a proxy class: " + c);
3381                 String pkg = c.getPackageName();
3382                 if (!pkg.isEmpty()) {
3383                     packages.add(pkg);
3384                 }
3385             }
3386             for (String pkg : packages) {
3387                 sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
3388             }
3389         }
3390     }
3391 
3392     /**
3393      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute. Remove leading "/"
3394      * if name is absolute
3395      */
3396     private String resolveName(String name) {
3397         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
3398             String baseName = getPackageName();
3399             if (!baseName.isEmpty()) {
3400                 int len = baseName.length() + 1 + name.length();
3401                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(len);
3402                 name = sb.append(baseName.replace('.', '/'))
3403                     .append('/')
3404                     .append(name)
3405                     .toString();
3406             }
3407         } else {
3408             name = name.substring(1);
3409         }
3410         return name;
3411     }
3412 
3413     /**
3414      * Atomic operations support.
3415      */
3416     private static class Atomic {
3417         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
3418         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
3419         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
3420         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
3421         private static final long reflectionDataOffset
3422                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "reflectionData");
3423         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
3424         private static final long annotationTypeOffset
3425                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationType");
3426         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
3427         private static final long annotationDataOffset
3428                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationData");
3429 
3430         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
3431                                              ReflectionData<T> oldData,
3432                                              ReflectionData<T> newData) {
3433             return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
3434         }
3435 
3436         static boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
3437                                          AnnotationType oldType,
3438                                          AnnotationType newType) {
3439             return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
3440         }
3441 
3442         static boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
3443                                          AnnotationData oldData,
3444                                          AnnotationData newData) {
3445             return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
3446         }
3447     }
3448 
3449     /**
3450      * Reflection support.
3451      */
3452 
3453     // Reflection data caches various derived names and reflective members. Cached
3454     // values may be invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3455     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
3456         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
3457         volatile Field[] publicFields;
3458         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
3459         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
3460         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
3461         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
3462         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
3463         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
3464         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
3465         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
3466 
3467         // Cached names
3468         String simpleName;
3469         String canonicalName;
3470         static final String NULL_SENTINEL = new String();
3471 
3472         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
3473         final int redefinedCount;
3474 
3475         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
3476             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3477         }
3478     }
3479 
3480     private transient volatile ReflectionData<T> reflectionData;
3481 
3482     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
3483     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
3484     private transient volatile int classRedefinedCount;
3485 
3486     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
3487     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
3488         ReflectionData<T> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3489         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;

3490         if (reflectionData != null &&
3491             reflectionData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3492             return reflectionData;

3493         }
3494         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
3495         // -> create and replace new instance
3496         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
3497     }
3498 
3499     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(ReflectionData<T> oldReflectionData,
3500                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
3501         while (true) {
3502             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
3503             // try to CAS it...
3504             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, rd)) {
3505                 return rd;
3506             }
3507             // else retry
3508             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3509             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3510             if (oldReflectionData != null && oldReflectionData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {


3511                 return rd;
3512             }
3513         }
3514     }
3515 
3516     // Generic signature handling
3517     private native String getGenericSignature0();
3518 
3519     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
3520     private transient volatile ClassRepository genericInfo;
3521 
3522     // accessor for factory
3523     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
3524         // create scope and factory
3525         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
3526     }
3527 
3528     // accessor for generic info repository;
3529     // generic info is lazily initialized
3530     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
3531         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
3532         if (genericInfo == null) {
3533             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
3534             if (signature == null) {
3535                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
3536             } else {
3537                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
3538             }
3539             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
3540         }
3541         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
3542     }
3543 
3544     // Annotations handling
3545     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
3546     // Since 1.8
3547     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
3548     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
3549         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
3550     }
3551 
3552     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
3553 
3554     //
3555     //
3556     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
3557     //
3558     //
3559 
3560     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3561     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3562     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3563     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
3564         Field[] res;
3565         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3566         if (rd != null) {
3567             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
3568             if (res != null) return res;
3569         }
3570         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3571         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
3572         if (rd != null) {
3573             if (publicOnly) {
3574                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
3575             } else {
3576                 rd.declaredFields = res;
3577             }
3578         }
3579         return res;
3580     }
3581 
3582     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3583     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3584     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3585     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields() {
3586         Field[] res;
3587         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3588         if (rd != null) {
3589             res = rd.publicFields;
3590             if (res != null) return res;
3591         }
3592 
3593         // Use a linked hash set to ensure order is preserved and
3594         // fields from common super interfaces are not duplicated
3595         LinkedHashSet<Field> fields = new LinkedHashSet<>();
3596 
3597         // Local fields
3598         addAll(fields, privateGetDeclaredFields(true));
3599 
3600         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3601         for (Class<?> si : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3602             addAll(fields, si.privateGetPublicFields());
3603         }
3604 
3605         // Direct superclass, recursively
3606         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3607         if (sc != null) {
3608             addAll(fields, sc.privateGetPublicFields());
3609         }
3610 
3611         res = fields.toArray(new Field[0]);
3612         if (rd != null) {
3613             rd.publicFields = res;
3614         }
3615         return res;
3616     }
3617 
3618     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
3619         for (Field f : o) {
3620             c.add(f);
3621         }
3622     }
3623 
3624 
3625     //
3626     //
3627     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
3628     //
3629     //
3630 
3631     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
3632     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
3633     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3634     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
3635         Constructor<T>[] res;
3636         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3637         if (rd != null) {
3638             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
3639             if (res != null) return res;
3640         }
3641         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3642         if (isInterface()) {
3643             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3644             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
3645             res = temporaryRes;
3646         } else {
3647             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
3648         }
3649         if (rd != null) {
3650             if (publicOnly) {
3651                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
3652             } else {
3653                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
3654             }
3655         }
3656         return res;
3657     }
3658 
3659     //
3660     //
3661     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
3662     //
3663     //
3664 
3665     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3666     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3667     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3668     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
3669         Method[] res;
3670         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3671         if (rd != null) {
3672             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
3673             if (res != null) return res;
3674         }
3675         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3676         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
3677         if (rd != null) {
3678             if (publicOnly) {
3679                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
3680             } else {
3681                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
3682             }
3683         }
3684         return res;
3685     }
3686 
3687     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3688     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3689     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3690     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
3691         Method[] res;
3692         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3693         if (rd != null) {
3694             res = rd.publicMethods;
3695             if (res != null) return res;
3696         }
3697 
3698         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
3699         // Start by fetching public declared methods...
3700         PublicMethods pms = new PublicMethods();
3701         for (Method m : privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true)) {
3702             pms.merge(m);
3703         }
3704         // ...then recur over superclass methods...
3705         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3706         if (sc != null) {
3707             for (Method m : sc.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3708                 pms.merge(m);
3709             }
3710         }
3711         // ...and finally over direct superinterfaces.
3712         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3713             for (Method m : intf.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3714                 // static interface methods are not inherited
3715                 if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
3716                     pms.merge(m);
3717                 }
3718             }
3719         }
3720 
3721         res = pms.toArray();
3722         if (rd != null) {
3723             rd.publicMethods = res;
3724         }
3725         return res;
3726     }
3727 
3728 
3729     //
3730     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
3731     //
3732 
3733     // This method does not copy the returned Field object!
3734     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
3735         for (Field field : fields) {
3736             if (field.getName().equals(name)) {
3737                 return field;
3738             }
3739         }
3740         return null;
3741     }
3742 
3743     // Returns a "root" Field object. This Field object must NOT
3744     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3745     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3746     private Field getField0(String name) {
3747         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3748         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3749         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
3750         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
3751         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
3752         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
3753         // class which is being queried.
3754         Field res;
3755         // Search declared public fields
3756         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
3757             return res;
3758         }
3759         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3760         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false);
3761         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
3762             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3763                 return res;
3764             }
3765         }
3766         // Direct superclass, recursively
3767         if (!isInterface()) {
3768             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3769             if (c != null) {
3770                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3771                     return res;
3772                 }
3773             }
3774         }
3775         return null;
3776     }
3777 
3778     // This method does not copy the returned Method object!
3779     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
3780                                         String name,
3781                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
3782     {
3783         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3784         Method res = null;
3785         for (Method m : methods) {
3786             if (m.getName().equals(name)
3787                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3788                                    fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))
3789                 && (res == null
3790                     || (res.getReturnType() != m.getReturnType()
3791                         && res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType()))))
3792                 res = m;
3793         }
3794         return res;
3795     }
3796 
3797     private static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class<?>[0];
3798 
3799     // Returns a "root" Method object. This Method object must NOT
3800     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3801     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3802     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
3803         PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(
3804             name,
3805             parameterTypes == null ? EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY : parameterTypes,
3806             /* includeStatic */ true, /* publicOnly */ true);
3807         return res == null ? null : res.getMostSpecific();
3808     }
3809 
3810     // Returns a list of "root" Method objects. These Method objects must NOT
3811     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3812     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3813     private PublicMethods.MethodList getMethodsRecursive(String name,
3814                                                          Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3815                                                          boolean includeStatic,
3816                                                          boolean publicOnly) {
3817         // 1st check declared methods
3818         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(publicOnly);
3819         PublicMethods.MethodList res = PublicMethods.MethodList
3820             .filter(methods, name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3821         // if there is at least one match among declared methods, we need not
3822         // search any further as such match surely overrides matching methods
3823         // declared in superclass(es) or interface(s).
3824         if (res != null) {
3825             return res;
3826         }
3827 
3828         // if there was no match among declared methods,
3829         // we must consult the superclass (if any) recursively...
3830         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3831         if (sc != null) {
3832             res = sc.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStatic, publicOnly);
3833         }
3834 
3835         // ...and coalesce the superclass methods with methods obtained
3836         // from directly implemented interfaces excluding static methods...
3837         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3838             res = PublicMethods.MethodList.merge(
3839                 res, intf.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, /* includeStatic */ false, publicOnly));
3840         }
3841 
3842         return res;
3843     }
3844 
3845     // Returns a "root" Constructor object. This Constructor object must NOT
3846     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3847     // via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3848     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3849                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
3850     {
3851         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3852         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
3853         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
3854             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3855                                 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(constructor))) {
3856                 return constructor;
3857             }
3858         }
3859         throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString("<init>", parameterTypes));
3860     }
3861 
3862     //
3863     // Other helpers and base implementation
3864     //
3865 
3866     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
3867         if (a1 == null) {
3868             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
3869         }
3870 
3871         if (a2 == null) {
3872             return a1.length == 0;
3873         }
3874 
3875         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
3876             return false;
3877         }
3878 
3879         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
3880             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
3881                 return false;
3882             }
3883         }
3884 
3885         return true;
3886     }
3887 
3888     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3889         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3890         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3891         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3892             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3893         }
3894         return out;
3895     }
3896 
3897     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3898         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3899         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3900         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3901             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3902         }
3903         return out;
3904     }
3905 
3906     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3907         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3908         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3909         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3910             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3911         }
3912         return out;
3913     }
3914 
3915     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3916     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3917     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3918     private native Class<?>[]    getDeclaredClasses0();
3919 
3920     /*
3921      * Returns an array containing the components of the Record attribute,
3922      * or null if the attribute is not present.
3923      *
3924      * Note that this method returns non-null array on a class with
3925      * the Record attribute even if this class is not a record.
3926      */
3927     private native RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents0();
3928     private native boolean       isRecord0();
3929 
3930     /**
3931      * Helper method to get the method name from arguments.
3932      */
3933     private String methodToString(String name, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3934         return getName() + '.' + name +
3935                 ((argTypes == null || argTypes.length == 0) ?
3936                 "()" :
3937                 Arrays.stream(argTypes)
3938                         .map(c -> c == null ? "null" : c.getName())
3939                         .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")));
3940     }
3941 
3942     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3943     @java.io.Serial
3944     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3945 
3946 
3947     /**
3948      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3949      *
3950      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3951      * following format:
3952      * <pre>
3953      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3954      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3955      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3956      * </pre>
3957      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3958      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3959      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3960      *
3961      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3962      */
3963     @java.io.Serial
3964     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3965         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3966 
3967 
3968     /**
3969      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3970      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3971      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3972      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3973      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3974      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3975      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3976      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3977      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3978      *
3979      * @apiNote
3980      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3981      * for the benefit of the JDK itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3982      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3983      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3984      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3985      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3986      *
3987      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3988      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3989      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3990      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3991      * @since  1.4
3992      */
3993     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3994         ClassLoader loader = classLoader;
3995         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3996         if (loader == null)
3997             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3998 
3999         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
4000         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
4001         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
4002             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
4003                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
4004             }
4005         }
4006         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
4007     }
4008 
4009     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
4010     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
4011 
4012     /**
4013      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
4014      * source code.
4015      *
4016      * Note that {@link java.lang.Enum} is not itself an enum class.
4017      *
4018      * Also note that if an enum constant is declared with a class body,
4019      * the class of that enum constant object is an anonymous class
4020      * and <em>not</em> the class of the declaring enum class. The
4021      * {@link Enum#getDeclaringClass} method of an enum constant can
4022      * be used to get the class of the enum class declaring the
4023      * constant.
4024      *
4025      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
4026      *     source code
4027      * @since 1.5
4028      * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
4029      */
4030     public boolean isEnum() {
4031         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
4032         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
4033         // don't do the former.
4034         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
4035         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
4036     }
4037 
4038     /**
4039      * Returns {@code true} if and only if this class is a record class.
4040      *
4041      * <p> The {@linkplain #getSuperclass() direct superclass} of a record
4042      * class is {@code java.lang.Record}. A record class is {@linkplain
4043      * Modifier#FINAL final}. A record class has (possibly zero) record
4044      * components; {@link #getRecordComponents()} returns a non-null but
4045      * possibly empty value for a record.
4046      *
4047      * <p> Note that class {@link Record} is not a record class and thus
4048      * invoking this method on class {@code Record} returns {@code false}.
4049      *
4050      * @return true if and only if this class is a record class, otherwise false
4051      * @jls 8.10 Record Classes
4052      * @since 16
4053      */
4054     public boolean isRecord() {
4055         // this superclass and final modifier check is not strictly necessary
4056         // they are intrinsified and serve as a fast-path check
4057         return getSuperclass() == java.lang.Record.class &&
4058                 (this.getModifiers() & Modifier.FINAL) != 0 &&
4059                 isRecord0();
4060     }
4061 
4062     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
4063     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4064     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
4065         var factory = reflectionFactory;
4066         if (factory != null) {
4067             return factory;
4068         }
4069         return reflectionFactory =
4070                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
4071                         (new ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
4072     }
4073     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
4074 
4075     /**
4076      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
4077      * Class object does not represent an enum class.
4078      *
4079      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
4080      *     represented by this {@code Class} object in the order they're
4081      *     declared, or null if this {@code Class} object does not
4082      *     represent an enum class
4083      * @since 1.5
4084      * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
4085      */
4086     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
4087         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
4088         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
4089     }
4090 
4091     /**
4092      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
4093      * Class object does not represent an enum class;
4094      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
4095      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
4096      */
4097     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4098     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
4099         T[] constants = enumConstants;
4100         if (constants == null) {
4101             if (!isEnum()) return null;
4102             try {
4103                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
4104                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
4105                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
4106                         public Void run() {
4107                                 values.setAccessible(true);
4108                                 return null;
4109                             }
4110                         });
4111                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4112                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
4113                 enumConstants = constants = temporaryConstants;
4114             }
4115             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
4116             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
4117             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
4118                    IllegalAccessException | NullPointerException |
4119                    ClassCastException ex) { return null; }
4120         }
4121         return constants;
4122     }
4123     private transient volatile T[] enumConstants;
4124 
4125     /**
4126      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
4127      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
4128      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
4129      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
4130      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
4131      */
4132     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
4133         Map<String, T> directory = enumConstantDirectory;
4134         if (directory == null) {
4135             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
4136             if (universe == null)
4137                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
4138                     getName() + " is not an enum class");
4139             directory = HashMap.newHashMap(universe.length);
4140             for (T constant : universe) {
4141                 directory.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
4142             }
4143             enumConstantDirectory = directory;
4144         }
4145         return directory;
4146     }
4147     private transient volatile Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory;
4148 
4149     /**
4150      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
4151      * by this {@code Class} object.
4152      *
4153      * @param obj the object to be cast
4154      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
4155      *
4156      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
4157      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
4158      *
4159      * @since 1.5
4160      */
4161     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4162     @IntrinsicCandidate
4163     public T cast(Object obj) {
4164         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
4165             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
4166         return (T) obj;
4167     }
4168 
4169     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
4170         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
4171     }
4172 
4173     /**
4174      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
4175      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
4176      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
4177      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this {@code Class} object.
4178      *
4179      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
4180      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
4181      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
4182      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
4183      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
4184      * by erasure).
4185      *
4186      * @param <U> the type to cast this {@code Class} object to
4187      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this {@code Class} object to
4188      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
4189      *    the specified class object.
4190      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
4191      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
4192      *    the class itself).
4193      * @since 1.5
4194      */
4195     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4196     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
4197         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
4198             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
4199         else
4200             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
4201     }
4202 
4203     /**
4204      * {@inheritDoc}
4205      * <p>Note that any annotation returned by this method is a
4206      * declaration annotation.
4207      *
4208      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4209      * @since 1.5
4210      */
4211     @Override
4212     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4213     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4214         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4215 
4216         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
4217     }
4218 
4219     /**
4220      * {@inheritDoc}
4221      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4222      * @since 1.5
4223      */
4224     @Override
4225     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
4226         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
4227     }
4228 
4229     /**
4230      * {@inheritDoc}
4231      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4232      * declaration annotations.
4233      *
4234      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4235      * @since 1.8
4236      */
4237     @Override
4238     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4239         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4240 
4241         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
4242         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
4243                                                           this,
4244                                                           annotationClass);
4245     }
4246 
4247     /**
4248      * {@inheritDoc}
4249      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4250      * declaration annotations.
4251      *
4252      * @since 1.5
4253      */
4254     @Override
4255     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
4256         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
4257     }
4258 
4259     /**
4260      * {@inheritDoc}
4261      * <p>Note that any annotation returned by this method is a
4262      * declaration annotation.
4263      *
4264      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4265      * @since 1.8
4266      */
4267     @Override
4268     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4269     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4270         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4271 
4272         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
4273     }
4274 
4275     /**
4276      * {@inheritDoc}
4277      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4278      * declaration annotations.
4279      *
4280      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4281      * @since 1.8
4282      */
4283     @Override
4284     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4285         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4286 
4287         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
4288                                                                  annotationClass);
4289     }
4290 
4291     /**
4292      * {@inheritDoc}
4293      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4294      * declaration annotations.
4295      *
4296      * @since 1.5
4297      */
4298     @Override
4299     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
4300         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
4301     }
4302 
4303     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
4304     private static class AnnotationData {
4305         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
4306         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
4307 
4308         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
4309         final int redefinedCount;
4310 
4311         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
4312                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
4313                        int redefinedCount) {
4314             this.annotations = annotations;
4315             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
4316             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
4317         }
4318     }
4319 
4320     // Annotations cache
4321     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
4322     private transient volatile AnnotationData annotationData;
4323 
4324     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
4325         while (true) { // retry loop
4326             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
4327             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
4328             if (annotationData != null &&
4329                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
4330                 return annotationData;
4331             }
4332             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
4333             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
4334             // try to install it
4335             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
4336                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
4337                 return newAnnotationData;
4338             }
4339         }
4340     }
4341 
4342     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
4343         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
4344             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4345         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
4346         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
4347         if (superClass != null) {
4348             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
4349                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
4350             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
4351                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
4352                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
4353                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
4354                         annotations = LinkedHashMap.newLinkedHashMap(Math.max(
4355                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
4356                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
4357                             )
4358                         );
4359                     }
4360                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
4361                 }
4362             }
4363         }
4364         if (annotations == null) {
4365             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
4366             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
4367         } else {
4368             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
4369             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
4370         }
4371         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
4372     }
4373 
4374     // Annotation interfaces cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
4375 
4376     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
4377     private transient volatile AnnotationType annotationType;
4378 
4379     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
4380         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
4381     }
4382 
4383     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
4384         return annotationType;
4385     }
4386 
4387     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
4388         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
4389     }
4390 
4391     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
4392      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
4393      */
4394     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
4395 
4396     /**
4397      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
4398      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
4399      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
4400      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of class
4401      * Foo.)
4402      *
4403      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class whose declaration
4404      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
4405      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
4406      * annotations.
4407      *
4408      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
4409      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
4410      * value is {@code null}.
4411      *
4412      * @return an object representing the superclass
4413      * @since 1.8
4414      */
4415     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
4416         if (this == Object.class ||
4417                 isInterface() ||
4418                 isArray() ||
4419                 isPrimitive() ||
4420                 this == Void.TYPE) {
4421             return null;
4422         }
4423 
4424         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4425     }
4426 
4427     /**
4428      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
4429      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
4430      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
4431      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
4432      * <em>declaration</em> of interface Foo.)
4433      *
4434      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
4435      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
4436      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
4437      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
4438      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
4439      *
4440      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
4441      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
4442      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
4443      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
4444      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
4445      * {@code Class} object.
4446      *
4447      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
4448      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
4449      * the return value is an array of length 0.
4450      *
4451      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
4452      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
4453      * array of length 0.
4454      *
4455      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
4456      * @since 1.8
4457      */
4458     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
4459          return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4460     }
4461 
4462     private native Class<?> getNestHost0();
4463 
4464     /**
4465      * Returns the nest host of the <a href=#nest>nest</a> to which the class
4466      * or interface represented by this {@code Class} object belongs.
4467      * Every class and interface belongs to exactly one nest.
4468      *
4469      * If the nest host of this class or interface has previously
4470      * been determined, then this method returns the nest host.
4471      * If the nest host of this class or interface has
4472      * not previously been determined, then this method determines the nest
4473      * host using the algorithm of JVMS 5.4.4, and returns it.
4474      *
4475      * Often, a class or interface belongs to a nest consisting only of itself,
4476      * in which case this method returns {@code this} to indicate that the class
4477      * or interface is the nest host.
4478      *
4479      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array type,
4480      * or {@code void}, then this method returns {@code this},
4481      * indicating that the represented entity belongs to the nest consisting only of
4482      * itself, and is the nest host.
4483      *
4484      * @return the nest host of this class or interface
4485      *
4486      * @throws SecurityException
4487      *         If the returned class is not the current class, and
4488      *         if a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4489      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4490      *         loader for the returned class and invocation of {@link
4491      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4492      *         denies access to the package of the returned class
4493      * @since 11
4494      * @jvms 4.7.28 The {@code NestHost} Attribute
4495      * @jvms 4.7.29 The {@code NestMembers} Attribute
4496      * @jvms 5.4.4 Access Control
4497      */
4498     @CallerSensitive
4499     public Class<?> getNestHost() {
4500         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
4501             return this;
4502         }
4503 
4504         Class<?> host = getNestHost0();
4505         if (host == this) {
4506             return this;
4507         }
4508         // returning a different class requires a security check
4509         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4510         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4511         if (sm != null) {
4512             checkPackageAccess(sm,
4513                                ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
4514         }
4515         return host;
4516     }
4517 
4518     /**
4519      * Determines if the given {@code Class} is a nestmate of the
4520      * class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
4521      * Two classes or interfaces are nestmates
4522      * if they have the same {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host}.
4523      *
4524      * @param c the class to check
4525      * @return {@code true} if this class and {@code c} are members of
4526      * the same nest; and {@code false} otherwise.
4527      *
4528      * @since 11
4529      */
4530     public boolean isNestmateOf(Class<?> c) {
4531         if (this == c) {
4532             return true;
4533         }
4534         if (isPrimitive() || isArray() ||
4535             c.isPrimitive() || c.isArray()) {
4536             return false;
4537         }
4538 
4539         return getNestHost() == c.getNestHost();
4540     }
4541 
4542     private native Class<?>[] getNestMembers0();
4543 
4544     /**
4545      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all the
4546      * classes and interfaces that are members of the nest to which the class
4547      * or interface represented by this {@code Class} object belongs.
4548      *
4549      * First, this method obtains the {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host},
4550      * {@code H}, of the nest to which the class or interface represented by
4551      * this {@code Class} object belongs. The zeroth element of the returned
4552      * array is {@code H}.
4553      *
4554      * Then, for each class or interface {@code C} which is recorded by {@code H}
4555      * as being a member of its nest, this method attempts to obtain the {@code Class}
4556      * object for {@code C} (using {@linkplain #getClassLoader() the defining class
4557      * loader} of the current {@code Class} object), and then obtains the
4558      * {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host} of the nest to which {@code C} belongs.
4559      * The classes and interfaces which are recorded by {@code H} as being members
4560      * of its nest, and for which {@code H} can be determined as their nest host,
4561      * are indicated by subsequent elements of the returned array. The order of
4562      * such elements is unspecified. Duplicates are permitted.
4563      *
4564      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array type,
4565      * or {@code void}, then this method returns a single-element array containing
4566      * {@code this}.
4567      *
4568      * @apiNote
4569      * The returned array includes only the nest members recorded in the {@code NestMembers}
4570      * attribute, and not any hidden classes that were added to the nest via
4571      * {@link MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
4572      * Lookup::defineHiddenClass}.
4573      *
4574      * @return an array of all classes and interfaces in the same nest as
4575      * this class or interface
4576      *
4577      * @throws SecurityException
4578      * If any returned class is not the current class, and
4579      * if a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4580      * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4581      * loader for that returned class and invocation of {@link
4582      * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4583      * denies access to the package of that returned class
4584      *
4585      * @since 11
4586      * @see #getNestHost()
4587      * @jvms 4.7.28 The {@code NestHost} Attribute
4588      * @jvms 4.7.29 The {@code NestMembers} Attribute
4589      */
4590     @CallerSensitive
4591     public Class<?>[] getNestMembers() {
4592         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
4593             return new Class<?>[] { this };
4594         }
4595         Class<?>[] members = getNestMembers0();
4596         // Can't actually enable this due to bootstrapping issues
4597         // assert(members.length != 1 || members[0] == this); // expected invariant from VM
4598 
4599         if (members.length > 1) {
4600             // If we return anything other than the current class we need
4601             // a security check
4602             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4603             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4604             if (sm != null) {
4605                 checkPackageAccess(sm,
4606                                    ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
4607             }
4608         }
4609         return members;
4610     }
4611 
4612     /**
4613      * Returns the descriptor string of the entity (class, interface, array class,
4614      * primitive type, or {@code void}) represented by this {@code Class} object.
4615      *
4616      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface,
4617      * not an array class, then:
4618      * <ul>
4619      * <li> If the class or interface is not {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden},
4620      *      then the result is a field descriptor (JVMS {@jvms 4.3.2})
4621      *      for the class or interface. Calling
4622      *      {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}
4623      *      with the result descriptor string produces a {@link ClassDesc ClassDesc}
4624      *      describing this class or interface.
4625      * <li> If the class or interface is {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden},
4626      *      then the result is a string of the form:
4627      *      <blockquote>
4628      *      {@code "L" +} <em>N</em> {@code + "." + <suffix> + ";"}
4629      *      </blockquote>
4630      *      where <em>N</em> is the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
4631      *      encoded in internal form indicated by the {@code class} file passed to
4632      *      {@link MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
4633      *      Lookup::defineHiddenClass}, and {@code <suffix>} is an unqualified name.
4634      *      A hidden class or interface has no {@linkplain ClassDesc nominal descriptor}.
4635      *      The result string is not a type descriptor.
4636      * </ul>
4637      *
4638      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array class, then
4639      * the result is a string consisting of one or more '{@code [}' characters
4640      * representing the depth of the array nesting, followed by the
4641      * descriptor string of the element type.
4642      * <ul>
4643      * <li> If the element type is not a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden} class
4644      * or interface, then this array class can be described nominally.
4645      * Calling {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}
4646      * with the result descriptor string produces a {@link ClassDesc ClassDesc}
4647      * describing this array class.
4648      * <li> If the element type is a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden} class or
4649      * interface, then this array class cannot be described nominally.
4650      * The result string is not a type descriptor.
4651      * </ul>
4652      *
4653      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
4654      * {@code void}, then the result is a field descriptor string which
4655      * is a one-letter code corresponding to a primitive type or {@code void}
4656      * ({@code "B", "C", "D", "F", "I", "J", "S", "Z", "V"}) (JVMS {@jvms 4.3.2}).
4657      *
4658      * @return the descriptor string for this {@code Class} object
4659      * @jvms 4.3.2 Field Descriptors
4660      * @since 12
4661      */
4662     @Override
4663     public String descriptorString() {
4664         if (isPrimitive())
4665             return Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(this).basicTypeString();
4666 
4667         if (isArray()) {
4668             return "[".concat(componentType.descriptorString());
4669         } else if (isHidden()) {
4670             String name = getName();
4671             int index = name.indexOf('/');
4672             return new StringBuilder(name.length() + 2)
4673                     .append('L')
4674                     .append(name.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/'))
4675                     .append('.')
4676                     .append(name, index + 1, name.length())
4677                     .append(';')
4678                     .toString();
4679         } else {
4680             String name = getName().replace('.', '/');
4681             return StringConcatHelper.concat("L", name, ";");
4682         }
4683     }
4684 
4685     /**
4686      * Returns the component type of this {@code Class}, if it describes
4687      * an array type, or {@code null} otherwise.
4688      *
4689      * @implSpec
4690      * Equivalent to {@link Class#getComponentType()}.
4691      *
4692      * @return a {@code Class} describing the component type, or {@code null}
4693      * if this {@code Class} does not describe an array type
4694      * @since 12
4695      */
4696     @Override
4697     public Class<?> componentType() {
4698         return isArray() ? componentType : null;
4699     }
4700 
4701     /**
4702      * Returns a {@code Class} for an array type whose component type
4703      * is described by this {@linkplain Class}.
4704      *
4705      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this component type is {@linkplain
4706      *         Void#TYPE void} or if the number of dimensions of the resulting array
4707      *         type would exceed 255.
4708      * @return a {@code Class} describing the array type
4709      * @jvms 4.3.2 Field Descriptors
4710      * @jvms 4.4.1 The {@code CONSTANT_Class_info} Structure
4711      * @since 12
4712      */
4713     @Override
4714     public Class<?> arrayType() {
4715         try {
4716             return Array.newInstance(this, 0).getClass();
4717         } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
4718             throw new UnsupportedOperationException(iae);
4719         }
4720     }
4721 
4722     /**
4723      * Returns a nominal descriptor for this instance, if one can be
4724      * constructed, or an empty {@link Optional} if one cannot be.
4725      *
4726      * @return An {@link Optional} containing the resulting nominal descriptor,
4727      * or an empty {@link Optional} if one cannot be constructed.
4728      * @since 12
4729      */
4730     @Override
4731     public Optional<ClassDesc> describeConstable() {
4732         Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4733         return c.isHidden() ? Optional.empty()
4734                             : Optional.of(ConstantUtils.classDesc(this));
4735    }
4736 
4737     /**
4738      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class is a hidden class.
4739      *
4740      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a hidden class.
4741      *
4742      * @since 15
4743      * @see MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass
4744      * @see Class##hiddenClasses Hidden Classes
4745      */
4746     @IntrinsicCandidate
4747     public native boolean isHidden();
4748 
4749     /**
4750      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing the
4751      * direct subinterfaces or subclasses permitted to extend or
4752      * implement this class or interface if it is sealed.  The order of such elements
4753      * is unspecified. The array is empty if this sealed class or interface has no
4754      * permitted subclass. If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type,
4755      * {@code void}, an array type, or a class or interface that is not sealed,
4756      * that is {@link #isSealed()} returns {@code false}, then this method returns {@code null}.
4757      * Conversely, if {@link #isSealed()} returns {@code true}, then this method
4758      * returns a non-null value.
4759      *
4760      * For each class or interface {@code C} which is recorded as a permitted
4761      * direct subinterface or subclass of this class or interface,
4762      * this method attempts to obtain the {@code Class}
4763      * object for {@code C} (using {@linkplain #getClassLoader() the defining class
4764      * loader} of the current {@code Class} object).
4765      * The {@code Class} objects which can be obtained and which are direct
4766      * subinterfaces or subclasses of this class or interface,
4767      * are indicated by elements of the returned array. If a {@code Class} object
4768      * cannot be obtained, it is silently ignored, and not included in the result
4769      * array.
4770      *
4771      * @return an array of {@code Class} objects of the permitted subclasses of this class or interface,
4772      *         or {@code null} if this class or interface is not sealed.
4773      *
4774      * @throws SecurityException
4775      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4776      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4777      *         loader for that returned class and invocation of {@link
4778      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4779      *         denies access to the package of any class in the returned array.
4780      *
4781      * @jls 8.1 Class Declarations
4782      * @jls 9.1 Interface Declarations
4783      * @since 17
4784      */
4785     @CallerSensitive
4786     public Class<?>[] getPermittedSubclasses() {
4787         Class<?>[] subClasses;
4788         if (isArray() || isPrimitive() || (subClasses = getPermittedSubclasses0()) == null) {
4789             return null;
4790         }
4791         if (subClasses.length > 0) {
4792             if (Arrays.stream(subClasses).anyMatch(c -> !isDirectSubType(c))) {
4793                 subClasses = Arrays.stream(subClasses)
4794                                    .filter(this::isDirectSubType)
4795                                    .toArray(s -> new Class<?>[s]);
4796             }
4797         }
4798         if (subClasses.length > 0) {
4799             // If we return some classes we need a security check:
4800             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4801             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4802             if (sm != null) {
4803                 checkPackageAccessForPermittedSubclasses(sm,
4804                                              ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()),
4805                                              subClasses);
4806             }
4807         }
4808         return subClasses;
4809     }
4810 
4811     private boolean isDirectSubType(Class<?> c) {
4812         if (isInterface()) {
4813             for (Class<?> i : c.getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
4814                 if (i == this) {
4815                     return true;
4816                 }
4817             }
4818         } else {
4819             return c.getSuperclass() == this;
4820         }
4821         return false;
4822     }
4823 
4824     /**
4825      * Returns {@code true} if and only if this {@code Class} object represents
4826      * a sealed class or interface. If this {@code Class} object represents a
4827      * primitive type, {@code void}, or an array type, this method returns
4828      * {@code false}. A sealed class or interface has (possibly zero) permitted
4829      * subclasses; {@link #getPermittedSubclasses()} returns a non-null but
4830      * possibly empty value for a sealed class or interface.
4831      *
4832      * @return {@code true} if and only if this {@code Class} object represents
4833      * a sealed class or interface.
4834      *
4835      * @jls 8.1 Class Declarations
4836      * @jls 9.1 Interface Declarations
4837      * @since 17
4838      */
4839     public boolean isSealed() {
4840         if (isArray() || isPrimitive()) {
4841             return false;
4842         }
4843         return getPermittedSubclasses() != null;
4844     }
4845 
4846     private native Class<?>[] getPermittedSubclasses0();
4847 
4848     /*
4849      * Return the class's major and minor class file version packed into an int.
4850      * The high order 16 bits contain the class's minor version.  The low order
4851      * 16 bits contain the class's major version.
4852      *
4853      * If the class is an array type then the class file version of its element
4854      * type is returned.  If the class is a primitive type then the latest class
4855      * file major version is returned and zero is returned for the minor version.
4856      */
4857     private int getClassFileVersion() {
4858         Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4859         return c.getClassFileVersion0();
4860     }
4861 
4862     private native int getClassFileVersion0();
4863 
4864     /*
4865      * Return the access flags as they were in the class's bytecode, including
4866      * the original setting of ACC_SUPER.
4867      *
4868      * If the class is an array type then the access flags of the element type is
4869      * returned.  If the class is a primitive then ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL | ACC_PUBLIC.
4870      */
4871     private int getClassAccessFlagsRaw() {
4872         Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4873         return c.getClassAccessFlagsRaw0();
4874     }
4875 
4876     private native int getClassAccessFlagsRaw0();
4877 
4878     // Support for "OLD" CDS workflow -- {
4879     private static final int RD_PUBLIC_METHODS          = (1 <<  0);
4880     private static final int RD_PUBLIC_FIELDS           = (1 <<  1);
4881     private static final int RD_DECLARED_CTORS          = (1 <<  2);
4882     private static final int RD_PUBLIC_CTORS = (1 <<  3);
4883     private static final int RD_DECLARED_METHODS        = (1 <<  4);
4884     private static final int RD_DECLARED_PUBLIC_METHODS = (1 <<  5);
4885     private static final int RD_DECLARED_FIELDS         = (1 <<  6);
4886     private static final int RD_DECLARED_PUBLIC_FIELDS  = (1 <<  7);
4887     private static final int RD_DECLARED_INTERFACES     = (1 <<  8);
4888     private static final int RD_DECLARED_SIMPLE_NAME    = (1 <<  9);
4889     private static final int RD_DECLARED_CANONICAL_NAME = (1 << 10);
4890     private static final int CLS_NAME = (1 << 10);
4891 
4892 
4893     private int encodeReflectionData() {
4894         int flags = CLS_NAME;
4895         if (reflectionData != null) {
4896             flags = (reflectionData.publicMethods         != null ? RD_PUBLIC_METHODS          : 0) |
4897                     (reflectionData.publicFields          != null ? RD_PUBLIC_FIELDS           : 0) |
4898                     (reflectionData.declaredConstructors  != null ? RD_DECLARED_CTORS          : 0) |
4899                     (reflectionData.publicConstructors    != null ? RD_PUBLIC_CTORS            : 0) |
4900                     (reflectionData.declaredMethods       != null ? RD_DECLARED_METHODS        : 0) |
4901                     (reflectionData.declaredPublicMethods != null ? RD_DECLARED_PUBLIC_METHODS : 0) |
4902                     (reflectionData.declaredFields        != null ? RD_DECLARED_FIELDS         : 0) |
4903                     (reflectionData.declaredPublicFields  != null ? RD_DECLARED_PUBLIC_FIELDS  : 0) |
4904                     (reflectionData.interfaces            != null ? RD_DECLARED_INTERFACES     : 0) |
4905                     (reflectionData.simpleName            != null ? RD_DECLARED_SIMPLE_NAME    : 0) |
4906                     (reflectionData.canonicalName         != null ? RD_DECLARED_CANONICAL_NAME : 0);
4907         }
4908         return flags;
4909     }
4910     private void generateReflectionData(int flags) {
4911         if ((flags & CLS_NAME                  ) != 0) { getName();                             } // String name
4912         if ((flags & RD_PUBLIC_METHODS         ) != 0) { privateGetPublicMethods();             } // Method[] publicMethods;
4913         if ((flags & RD_PUBLIC_FIELDS          ) != 0) { privateGetPublicFields();              } // Field[] publicFields;
4914         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_CTORS         ) != 0) { privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false); } // Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
4915         if ((flags & RD_PUBLIC_CTORS           ) != 0) { privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true);  } // Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
4916         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_METHODS       ) != 0) { privateGetDeclaredMethods(false);      } // Method[] declaredMethods;
4917         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_PUBLIC_METHODS) != 0) { privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);       } // Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
4918         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_FIELDS        ) != 0) { privateGetDeclaredFields(false);       } // Field[] declaredFields;
4919         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_PUBLIC_FIELDS ) != 0) { privateGetDeclaredFields(true);        } // Field[] declaredPublicFields;
4920         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_INTERFACES    ) != 0) { getInterfaces(false);                  } // Class<?>[] interfaces;
4921         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_SIMPLE_NAME   ) != 0) { getSimpleName();                       } // String simpleName;
4922         if ((flags & RD_DECLARED_CANONICAL_NAME) != 0) { getCanonicalName();                    } // String canonicalName;
4923     }
4924 
4925     // -- }
4926 }
--- EOF ---