1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/archiveHeapLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeBehaviours.hpp"
  39 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  40 #include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shared/gcLogPrecious.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  50 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  51 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  52 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  53 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  54 #include "memory/metaspaceCounters.hpp"
  55 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  56 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  57 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  58 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/compressedOops.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  67 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/javaThread.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/jniHandles.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
  77 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  78 #include "sanitizers/leak.hpp"
  79 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  80 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  81 #include "utilities/autoRestore.hpp"
  82 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  83 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  84 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  85 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  86 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  87 
  88 // Known objects
  89 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG+1]        = { nullptr /*, nullptr...*/ };
  90 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj                 = nullptr;
  91 Klass* Universe::_fillerArrayKlassObj                 = nullptr;
  92 OopHandle Universe::_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
  93 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  94 int Universe::_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[T_VOID+1];
  95 #endif
  96 
  97 OopHandle Universe::_main_thread_group;
  98 OopHandle Universe::_system_thread_group;
  99 OopHandle Universe::_the_empty_class_array;
 100 OopHandle Universe::_the_null_string;
 101 OopHandle Universe::_the_min_jint_string;
 102 
 103 OopHandle Universe::_the_null_sentinel;
 104 
 105 // _out_of_memory_errors is an objArray
 106 enum OutOfMemoryInstance { _oom_java_heap,
 107                            _oom_c_heap,
 108                            _oom_metaspace,
 109                            _oom_class_metaspace,
 110                            _oom_array_size,
 111                            _oom_gc_overhead_limit,
 112                            _oom_realloc_objects,
 113                            _oom_retry,
 114                            _oom_count };
 115 
 116 OopHandle Universe::_out_of_memory_errors;
 117 OopHandle Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message;
 118 OopHandle Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array;
 119 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 120 
 121 // Message details for OOME objects, preallocate these objects since they could be
 122 // used when throwing OOME, we should try to avoid further allocation in such case
 123 OopHandle Universe::_msg_metaspace;
 124 OopHandle Universe::_msg_class_metaspace;
 125 
 126 OopHandle Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance;
 127 OopHandle Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance;
 128 OopHandle Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance;
 129 
 130 OopHandle Universe::_reference_pending_list;
 131 
 132 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = nullptr;
 133 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = nullptr;
 134 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = nullptr;
 135 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = nullptr;
 136 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_no_such_method_error_cache = nullptr;
 137 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = nullptr;
 138 
 139 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 140 
 141 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = nullptr;
 142 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = nullptr;
 143 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = nullptr;
 144 Array<InstanceKlass*>* Universe::_the_empty_instance_klass_array  = nullptr;
 145 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = nullptr;
 146 
 147 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 148 debug_only(OopHandle Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array;)
 149 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next = 0;)
 150 
 151 // Heap
 152 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 153 
 154 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 155 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 156 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 157 
 158 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 159 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 160 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 161 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 162 
 163 OopStorage*     Universe::_vm_weak = nullptr;
 164 OopStorage*     Universe::_vm_global = nullptr;
 165 
 166 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = nullptr;
 167 
 168 objArrayOop Universe::the_empty_class_array ()  {
 169   return (objArrayOop)_the_empty_class_array.resolve();
 170 }
 171 
 172 oop Universe::main_thread_group()                 { return _main_thread_group.resolve(); }
 173 void Universe::set_main_thread_group(oop group)   { _main_thread_group = OopHandle(vm_global(), group); }
 174 
 175 oop Universe::system_thread_group()               { return _system_thread_group.resolve(); }
 176 void Universe::set_system_thread_group(oop group) { _system_thread_group = OopHandle(vm_global(), group); }
 177 
 178 oop Universe::the_null_string()                   { return _the_null_string.resolve(); }
 179 oop Universe::the_min_jint_string()               { return _the_min_jint_string.resolve(); }
 180 
 181 oop Universe::null_ptr_exception_instance()       { return _null_ptr_exception_instance.resolve(); }
 182 oop Universe::arithmetic_exception_instance()     { return _arithmetic_exception_instance.resolve(); }
 183 oop Universe::virtual_machine_error_instance()    { return _virtual_machine_error_instance.resolve(); }
 184 
 185 oop Universe::the_null_sentinel()                 { return _the_null_sentinel.resolve(); }
 186 
 187 oop Universe::int_mirror()                        { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_INT].resolve()); }
 188 oop Universe::float_mirror()                      { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_FLOAT].resolve()); }
 189 oop Universe::double_mirror()                     { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_DOUBLE].resolve()); }
 190 oop Universe::byte_mirror()                       { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_BYTE].resolve()); }
 191 oop Universe::bool_mirror()                       { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_BOOLEAN].resolve()); }
 192 oop Universe::char_mirror()                       { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_CHAR].resolve()); }
 193 oop Universe::long_mirror()                       { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_LONG].resolve()); }
 194 oop Universe::short_mirror()                      { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_SHORT].resolve()); }
 195 oop Universe::void_mirror()                       { return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID].resolve()); }
 196 
 197 oop Universe::java_mirror(BasicType t) {
 198   assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
 199   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 200   return check_mirror(_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve());
 201 }
 202 
 203 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(KlassClosure *closure) {
 204   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 205     closure->do_klass(_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 206   }
 207   // We don't do the following because it will confuse JVMTI.
 208   // _fillerArrayKlassObj is used only by GC, which doesn't need to see
 209   // this klass from basic_type_classes_do().
 210   //
 211   // closure->do_klass(_fillerArrayKlassObj);
 212 }
 213 
 214 void LatestMethodCache::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 215   it->push(&_klass);
 216 }
 217 
 218 void Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 219   it->push(&_fillerArrayKlassObj);
 220   for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 221     it->push(&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 222   }
 223   it->push(&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 224 
 225   it->push(&_the_empty_int_array);
 226   it->push(&_the_empty_short_array);
 227   it->push(&_the_empty_klass_array);
 228   it->push(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
 229   it->push(&_the_empty_method_array);
 230   it->push(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 231 
 232   _finalizer_register_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 233   _loader_addClass_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 234   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 235   _throw_no_such_method_error_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 236   _do_stack_walk_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 237 }
 238 
 239 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 240 void Universe::set_archived_basic_type_mirror_index(BasicType t, int index) {
 241   assert(DumpSharedSpaces, "dump-time only");
 242   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 243   _archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[t] = index;
 244 }
 245 
 246 void Universe::update_archived_basic_type_mirrors() {
 247   if (ArchiveHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 248     for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 249       int index = _archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i];
 250       if (!is_reference_type((BasicType)i) && index >= 0) {
 251         oop mirror_oop = HeapShared::get_root(index);
 252         assert(mirror_oop != nullptr, "must be");
 253         _basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(vm_global(), mirror_oop);
 254       }
 255     }
 256   }
 257 }
 258 #endif
 259 
 260 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f) {
 261 
 262 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 263   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 264     f->do_int(&_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i]);
 265     // if f->reading(): We can't call HeapShared::get_root() yet, as the heap
 266     // contents may need to be relocated. _basic_type_mirrors[i] will be
 267     // updated later in Universe::update_archived_basic_type_mirrors().
 268   }
 269 #endif
 270 
 271   f->do_ptr(&_fillerArrayKlassObj);
 272   for (int i = 0; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 273     f->do_ptr(&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 274   }
 275 
 276   f->do_ptr(&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 277   f->do_ptr(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 278   f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_int_array);
 279   f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_short_array);
 280   f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_method_array);
 281   f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_klass_array);
 282   f->do_ptr(&_the_empty_instance_klass_array);
 283   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 284   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 285   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 286   _throw_no_such_method_error_cache->serialize(f);
 287   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 288 }
 289 
 290 
 291 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 292   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 293     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 294       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 295   }
 296 }
 297 
 298 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 299   Klass* ok = vmClasses::Object_klass();
 300 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 301   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 302     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 303     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 304     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 305       InstanceKlass::cast(k)->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), nullptr, CHECK);
 306     } else {
 307       ArrayKlass::cast(k)->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 308     }
 309   } else
 310 #endif
 311   {
 312     k->initialize_supers(ok, nullptr, CHECK);
 313   }
 314   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 315 }
 316 
 317 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 318   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 319   HandleMark   hm(THREAD);
 320 
 321   // Explicit null checks are needed if these offsets are not smaller than the page size
 322   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 323     assert(oopDesc::mark_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
 324            "Mark offset is expected to be less than the page size");
 325   } else {
 326     assert(oopDesc::klass_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
 327            "Klass offset is expected to be less than the page size");
 328   }
 329   assert(arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes() < static_cast<intptr_t>(os::vm_page_size()),
 330          "Array length offset is expected to be less than the page size");
 331 
 332   { AutoModifyRestore<bool> temporarily(_bootstrapping, true);
 333 
 334     java_lang_Class::allocate_fixup_lists();
 335 
 336     // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 337     compute_base_vtable_size();
 338 
 339     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 340       // Initialization of the fillerArrayKlass must come before regular
 341       // int-TypeArrayKlass so that the int-Array mirror points to the
 342       // int-TypeArrayKlass.
 343       _fillerArrayKlassObj = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT, "[Ljdk/internal/vm/FillerElement;", CHECK);
 344       for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_LONG+1; i++) {
 345         _typeArrayKlassObjs[i] = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass((BasicType)i, CHECK);
 346       }
 347 
 348       ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 349 
 350       _the_array_interfaces_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, nullptr, CHECK);
 351       _the_empty_int_array            = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 352       _the_empty_short_array          = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 353       _the_empty_method_array         = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 354       _the_empty_klass_array          = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 355       _the_empty_instance_klass_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<InstanceKlass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 356     }
 357 
 358     vmSymbols::initialize();
 359 
 360     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 361 
 362     // Create string constants
 363     oop s = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 364     _the_null_string = OopHandle(vm_global(), s);
 365     s = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 366     _the_min_jint_string = OopHandle(vm_global(), s);
 367 
 368 
 369 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 370     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 371       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 372       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 373              vmClasses::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 374       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 375              vmClasses::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 376     } else
 377 #endif
 378     {
 379       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 380       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, vmClasses::Cloneable_klass());
 381       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, vmClasses::Serializable_klass());
 382     }
 383 
 384     initialize_basic_type_klass(_fillerArrayKlassObj, CHECK);
 385 
 386     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 387     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 388     initialize_basic_type_klass(floatArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 389     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 390     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 391     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 392     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 393     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 394 
 395     assert(_fillerArrayKlassObj != intArrayKlassObj(),
 396            "Internal filler array klass should be different to int array Klass");
 397   } // end of core bootstrapping
 398 
 399   {
 400     Handle tns = java_lang_String::create_from_str("<null_sentinel>", CHECK);
 401     _the_null_sentinel = OopHandle(vm_global(), tns());
 402   }
 403 
 404   // Create a handle for reference_pending_list
 405   _reference_pending_list = OopHandle(vm_global(), nullptr);
 406 
 407   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 408   // during the bootstrapping.
 409 
 410   // OLD
 411   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 412   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 413   // ---
 414   // NEW
 415   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 416   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 417   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 418   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 419   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 420     cast(vmClasses::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 421   // OLD
 422   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 423   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 424   // ---
 425   // New
 426   // Have already been initialized.
 427   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 428 
 429   #ifdef ASSERT
 430   if (FullGCALot) {
 431     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 432     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 433     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 434     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 435     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 436     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 437     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 438     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 439     int size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 440 
 441     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 442     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 443     int i = 0;
 444     while (i < size) {
 445         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 446       oop dummy = vmClasses::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 447       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 448     }
 449     {
 450       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 451       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 452       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 453       MutexLocker ml(THREAD, FullGCALot_lock);
 454       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.is_empty()) {
 455         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = OopHandle(vm_global(), dummy_array());
 456       }
 457     }
 458     assert(i == ((objArrayOop)_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.resolve())->length(), "just checking");
 459   }
 460   #endif
 461 }
 462 
 463 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 464 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 465     if (UseSharedSpaces &&
 466         ArchiveHeapLoader::is_in_use() &&
 467         _basic_type_mirrors[T_INT].resolve() != nullptr) {
 468       assert(ArchiveHeapLoader::can_use(), "Sanity");
 469 
 470       // check that all basic type mirrors are mapped also
 471       for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 472         if (!is_reference_type((BasicType)i)) {
 473           oop m = _basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve();
 474           assert(m != nullptr, "archived mirrors should not be null");
 475         }
 476       }
 477     } else
 478       // _basic_type_mirrors[T_INT], etc, are null if archived heap is not mapped.
 479 #endif
 480     {
 481       for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 482         BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 483         if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 484           oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, CHECK);
 485           _basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(vm_global(), m);
 486         }
 487         CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(_archived_basic_type_mirror_indices[i] = -1);
 488       }
 489     }
 490     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 491       HeapShared::init_scratch_objects(CHECK);
 492     }
 493 }
 494 
 495 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 496   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 497   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 498   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 499   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 500   assert(vmClasses::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 501   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 502 
 503   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 504     // Cache the start of the static fields
 505     InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 506   }
 507 
 508   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 509   int list_length = list->length();
 510   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 511     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 512     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 513     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
 514   }
 515   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 516   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(nullptr);
 517 }
 518 
 519 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 520   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 521 
 522 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 523 
 524 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 525   if (Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()) {
 526     assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 527   } else {
 528     assert_pll_ownership();
 529   }
 530   return _reference_pending_list.resolve();
 531 }
 532 
 533 void Universe::clear_reference_pending_list() {
 534   assert_pll_ownership();
 535   _reference_pending_list.replace(nullptr);
 536 }
 537 
 538 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 539   assert_pll_ownership();
 540   return _reference_pending_list.peek() != nullptr;
 541 }
 542 
 543 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 544   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 545   return _reference_pending_list.xchg(list);
 546 }
 547 
 548 #undef assert_pll_locked
 549 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 550 
 551 static void reinitialize_vtables() {
 552   // The vtables are initialized by starting at java.lang.Object and
 553   // initializing through the subclass links, so that the super
 554   // classes are always initialized first.
 555   for (ClassHierarchyIterator iter(vmClasses::Object_klass()); !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
 556     Klass* sub = iter.klass();
 557     sub->vtable().initialize_vtable();
 558   }
 559 }
 560 
 561 static void reinitialize_itables() {
 562 
 563   class ReinitTableClosure : public KlassClosure {
 564    public:
 565     void do_klass(Klass* k) {
 566       if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 567          InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable().initialize_itable();
 568       }
 569     }
 570   };
 571 
 572   MutexLocker mcld(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 573   ReinitTableClosure cl;
 574   ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&cl);
 575 }
 576 
 577 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 578   return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
 579 }
 580 
 581 // the array of preallocated errors with backtraces
 582 objArrayOop Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors() {
 583   return (objArrayOop)_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array.resolve();
 584 }
 585 
 586 objArrayOop Universe::out_of_memory_errors() { return (objArrayOop)_out_of_memory_errors.resolve(); }
 587 
 588 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_java_heap() {
 589   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_java_heap));
 590 }
 591 
 592 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_c_heap() {
 593   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_c_heap));
 594 }
 595 
 596 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_metaspace() {
 597   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_metaspace));
 598 }
 599 
 600 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace() {
 601   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_class_metaspace));
 602 }
 603 
 604 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_array_size() {
 605   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_array_size));
 606 }
 607 
 608 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit() {
 609   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_gc_overhead_limit));
 610 }
 611 
 612 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects() {
 613   return gen_out_of_memory_error(out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_realloc_objects));
 614 }
 615 
 616 // Throw default _out_of_memory_error_retry object as it will never propagate out of the VM
 617 oop Universe::out_of_memory_error_retry()              { return out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(_oom_retry);  }
 618 oop Universe::delayed_stack_overflow_error_message()   { return _delayed_stack_overflow_error_message.resolve(); }
 619 
 620 
 621 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 622   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 623   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 624   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 625   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 626   // to allocate the backtrace.
 627   objArrayOop preallocated_oom = out_of_memory_errors();
 628   for (int i = 0; i < _oom_count; i++) {
 629     if (throwable() == preallocated_oom->obj_at(i)) {
 630       return false;
 631     }
 632   }
 633   return true;
 634 }
 635 
 636 
 637 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 638   // generate an out of memory error:
 639   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 640   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 641   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 642   //   provided by the default error.
 643   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 644   int next;
 645   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 646       vmClasses::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 647     next = (int)Atomic::add(&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count, -1);
 648     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 649   } else {
 650     next = -1;
 651   }
 652   if (next < 0) {
 653     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 654     // return default
 655     return default_err;
 656   } else {
 657     JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
 658     Handle default_err_h(current, default_err);
 659     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to null so that the
 660     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 661     Handle exc(current, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
 662     assert(exc() != nullptr, "slot has been used already");
 663     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, nullptr);
 664 
 665     // use the message from the default error
 666     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
 667     assert(msg != nullptr, "no message");
 668     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
 669 
 670     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 671     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 672     return exc();
 673   }
 674 }
 675 
 676 bool Universe::is_out_of_memory_error_metaspace(oop ex_obj) {
 677   return java_lang_Throwable::message(ex_obj) == _msg_metaspace.resolve();
 678 }
 679 
 680 bool Universe::is_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace(oop ex_obj) {
 681   return java_lang_Throwable::message(ex_obj) == _msg_class_metaspace.resolve();
 682 }
 683 
 684 // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 685 void Universe::create_preallocated_out_of_memory_errors(TRAPS) {
 686   InstanceKlass* ik = vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass();
 687   objArrayOop oa = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, _oom_count, CHECK);
 688   objArrayHandle oom_array(THREAD, oa);
 689 
 690   for (int i = 0; i < _oom_count; i++) {
 691     oop oom_obj = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 692     oom_array->obj_at_put(i, oom_obj);
 693   }
 694   _out_of_memory_errors = OopHandle(vm_global(), oom_array());
 695 
 696   Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK);
 697   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_java_heap), msg());
 698 
 699   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("C heap space", CHECK);
 700   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_c_heap), msg());
 701 
 702   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK);
 703   _msg_metaspace = OopHandle(vm_global(), msg());
 704   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_metaspace), msg());
 705 
 706   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK);
 707   _msg_class_metaspace = OopHandle(vm_global(), msg());
 708   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_class_metaspace), msg());
 709 
 710   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK);
 711   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_array_size), msg());
 712 
 713   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK);
 714   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_gc_overhead_limit), msg());
 715 
 716   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK);
 717   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_realloc_objects), msg());
 718 
 719   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed retryable allocation", CHECK);
 720   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(oom_array->obj_at(_oom_retry), msg());
 721 
 722   // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
 723   int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
 724   objArrayOop instance = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK);
 725   _preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = OopHandle(vm_global(), instance);
 726   objArrayHandle preallocated_oom_array(THREAD, instance);
 727 
 728   for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
 729     oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 730     Handle err_h(THREAD, err);
 731     java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK);
 732     preallocated_oom_array->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
 733   }
 734   _preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
 735 }
 736 
 737 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 738 
 739 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 740   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 741   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 742   //
 743   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 744   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 745   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 746   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 747   //
 748   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 749   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 750 
 751   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 752     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 753   }
 754 
 755   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 756 }
 757 
 758 bool Universe::contains_non_oop_word(void* p) {
 759   return *(void**)p == non_oop_word();
 760 }
 761 
 762 static void initialize_global_behaviours() {
 763   DefaultICProtectionBehaviour* protection_behavior = new DefaultICProtectionBehaviour();
 764   // Ignore leak of DefaultICProtectionBehaviour. It is overriden by some GC implementations and the
 765   // pointer is leaked once.
 766   LSAN_IGNORE_OBJECT(protection_behavior);
 767   CompiledICProtectionBehaviour::set_current(protection_behavior);
 768 }
 769 
 770 jint universe_init() {
 771   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 772   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 773          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 774   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 775   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 776             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 777 
 778   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 779 
 780   initialize_global_behaviours();
 781 
 782   GCLogPrecious::initialize();
 783 
 784 #ifdef _LP64
 785   MetaspaceShared::adjust_heap_sizes_for_dumping();
 786 #endif // _LP64
 787 
 788   GCConfig::arguments()->initialize_heap_sizes();
 789 
 790   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 791   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 792     return status;
 793   }
 794 
 795   Universe::initialize_tlab();
 796 
 797   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 798 
 799   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
 800   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
 801 
 802   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 803   if (!JVMFlagLimit::check_all_constraints(JVMFlagConstraintPhase::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 804     return JNI_EINVAL;
 805   }
 806 
 807   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 808   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 809   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 810 
 811   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 812   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 813   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 814   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 815   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 816   Universe::_throw_no_such_method_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 817   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 818 
 819 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 820   DynamicArchive::check_for_dynamic_dump();
 821   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 822     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 823     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.)
 824     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 825   }
 826   if (Arguments::is_dumping_archive()) {
 827     MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 828   }
 829 #endif
 830 
 831   SymbolTable::create_table();
 832   StringTable::create_table();
 833 
 834   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 835     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 836   }
 837 
 838   ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
 839 
 840   return JNI_OK;
 841 }
 842 
 843 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 844   assert(_collectedHeap == nullptr, "Heap already created");
 845   _collectedHeap = GCConfig::arguments()->create_heap();
 846 
 847   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 848   return _collectedHeap->initialize();
 849 }
 850 
 851 void Universe::initialize_tlab() {
 852   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 853   PLAB::startup_initialization();
 854   if (UseTLAB) {
 855     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 856   }
 857 }
 858 
 859 ReservedHeapSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 860 
 861   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 862          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 863          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 864 
 865   size_t total_reserved = align_up(heap_size, alignment);
 866   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 867       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 868 
 869   size_t page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 870   if (UseLargePages && is_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size())) {
 871     page_size = os::large_page_size();
 872   } else {
 873     // Parallel is the only collector that might opt out of using large pages
 874     // for the heap.
 875     assert(!UseLargePages || UseParallelGC , "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 876   }
 877 
 878   // Now create the space.
 879   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, page_size, AllocateHeapAt);
 880 
 881   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 882     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 883            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 884     // We are good.
 885 
 886     if (AllocateHeapAt != nullptr) {
 887       log_info(gc,heap)("Successfully allocated Java heap at location %s", AllocateHeapAt);
 888     }
 889 
 890     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 891       CompressedOops::initialize(total_rs);
 892     }
 893 
 894     Universe::calculate_verify_data((HeapWord*)total_rs.base(), (HeapWord*)total_rs.end());
 895 
 896     return total_rs;
 897   }
 898 
 899   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 900     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 901             total_reserved/K));
 902 
 903   // satisfy compiler
 904   ShouldNotReachHere();
 905   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, os::vm_page_size());
 906 }
 907 
 908 OopStorage* Universe::vm_weak() {
 909   return Universe::_vm_weak;
 910 }
 911 
 912 OopStorage* Universe::vm_global() {
 913   return Universe::_vm_global;
 914 }
 915 
 916 void Universe::oopstorage_init() {
 917   Universe::_vm_global = OopStorageSet::create_strong("VM Global", mtInternal);
 918   Universe::_vm_weak = OopStorageSet::create_weak("VM Weak", mtInternal);
 919 }
 920 
 921 void universe_oopstorage_init() {
 922   Universe::oopstorage_init();
 923 }
 924 
 925 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 926                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 927                              const char* method,
 928                              Symbol* signature,
 929                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 930 {
 931   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method);
 932   Method* m = nullptr;
 933   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 934   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 935       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == nullptr) ||
 936       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 937     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 938     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 939     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 940     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 941                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 942   }
 943   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 944 }
 945 
 946 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 947   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 948   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 949                           vmClasses::Finalizer_klass(),
 950                           "register",
 951                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 952 
 953   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 954                           vmClasses::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 955                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 956                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 957 
 958   initialize_known_method(_throw_no_such_method_error_cache,
 959                           vmClasses::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 960                           "throwNoSuchMethodError",
 961                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 962 
 963   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 964   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 965                           vmClasses::ClassLoader_klass(),
 966                           "addClass",
 967                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 968 
 969   // Set up method for stack walking
 970   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 971                           vmClasses::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 972                           "doStackWalk",
 973                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 974 }
 975 
 976 void universe2_init() {
 977   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 978   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 979 }
 980 
 981 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 982 void universe_post_module_init() {
 983   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 984 }
 985 
 986 bool universe_post_init() {
 987   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 988   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 989   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 990   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 991     reinitialize_vtables();
 992     reinitialize_itables();
 993   }
 994 
 995   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 996   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array for Method reflection.
 997 
 998   objArrayOop the_empty_class_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 999   Universe::_the_empty_class_array = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), the_empty_class_array);
1000 
1001   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
1002   Universe::create_preallocated_out_of_memory_errors(CHECK_false);
1003 
1004   oop instance;
1005   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
1006   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
1007     instance = java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
1008     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1009   }
1010 
1011   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
1012   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1013   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1014   instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1015   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1016 
1017   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1018   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1019   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1020   instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1021   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1022 
1023   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1024   k = vmClasses::VirtualMachineError_klass();
1025   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1026   if (!linked) {
1027      tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1028      return false; // initialization failed
1029   }
1030   instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1031   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), instance);
1032 
1033   Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1034   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::arithmetic_exception_instance(), msg());
1035 
1036   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1037 
1038   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1039   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1040   {
1041     MutexLocker x(THREAD, Heap_lock);
1042     Universe::heap()->update_capacity_and_used_at_gc();
1043   }
1044 
1045   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1046   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1047 
1048   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1049 
1050   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1051 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1052   MetaspaceShared::post_initialize(CHECK_false);
1053 #endif
1054   return true;
1055 }
1056 
1057 
1058 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1059   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1060 }
1061 
1062 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1063   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1064   st->print_cr("Heap");
1065   heap()->print_on(st);
1066 }
1067 
1068 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1069   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1070     print_on(tty);
1071     tty->cr();
1072     tty->flush();
1073   }
1074 }
1075 
1076 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1077   verify_flags = 0;
1078   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1079 
1080   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1081   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1082   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1083   char* save_ptr;
1084 
1085   char* token = strtok_r(subset_list, delimiter, &save_ptr);
1086   while (token != nullptr) {
1087     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1088       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1089     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1090       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1091     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1092       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1093     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1094       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1095     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1096       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1097     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1098       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1099     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1100       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1101     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1102       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceUtils;
1103     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1104       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1105     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1106       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1107     } else if (strcmp(token, "resolved_method_table") == 0) {
1108       verify_flags |= Verify_ResolvedMethodTable;
1109     } else if (strcmp(token, "stringdedup") == 0) {
1110       verify_flags |= Verify_StringDedup;
1111     } else {
1112       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1113     }
1114     token = strtok_r(nullptr, delimiter, &save_ptr);
1115   }
1116   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1117 }
1118 
1119 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1120   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1121     return true;
1122   }
1123   return false;
1124 }
1125 
1126 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1127   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1128     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1129          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1130          "(of thread stacks below)");
1131   )
1132 
1133   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
1134   ResourceMark rm(thread);
1135   HandleMark hm(thread);  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1136   _verify_count++;
1137 
1138   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1139   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1140   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1141     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1142     Threads::verify();
1143   }
1144   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1145     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1146     heap()->verify(option);
1147   }
1148   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1149     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1150     SymbolTable::verify();
1151   }
1152   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1153     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1154     StringTable::verify();
1155   }
1156   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1157     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1158     CodeCache::verify();
1159   }
1160   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1161     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1162     SystemDictionary::verify();
1163   }
1164   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1165     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1166     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1167   }
1168   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceUtils)) {
1169     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceUtils");
1170     DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
1171   }
1172   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1173     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1174     JNIHandles::verify();
1175   }
1176   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1177     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1178     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1179   }
1180   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ResolvedMethodTable)) {
1181     log_debug(gc, verify)("ResolvedMethodTable Oops");
1182     ResolvedMethodTable::verify();
1183   }
1184   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringDedup)) {
1185     log_debug(gc, verify)("String Deduplication");
1186     StringDedup::verify();
1187   }
1188 }
1189 
1190 
1191 #ifndef PRODUCT
1192 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1193   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1194 
1195   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1196   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1197   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1198 
1199   // make an inclusive limit:
1200   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1201   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1202   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1203   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1204 
1205   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1206   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1207   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1208     mask <<= 1;
1209   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1210   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1211   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1212   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1213 
1214   // require address alignment, too:
1215   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1216 
1217   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1218     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1219   }
1220   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1221   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1222 }
1223 
1224 void Universe::set_verify_data(uintptr_t mask, uintptr_t bits) {
1225   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1226   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1227 }
1228 
1229 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1230 
1231 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1232   return _verify_oop_mask;
1233 }
1234 
1235 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1236   return _verify_oop_bits;
1237 }
1238 
1239 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1240   return markWord::lock_mask_in_place;
1241 }
1242 
1243 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1244   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1245   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markWord::prototype().value();
1246   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1247   return bits;
1248 }
1249 #endif // PRODUCT
1250 
1251 
1252 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1253   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1254     _klass = k;
1255   }
1256 #ifndef PRODUCT
1257   else {
1258     // sharing initialization should have already set up _klass
1259     assert(_klass != nullptr, "just checking");
1260   }
1261 #endif
1262 
1263   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1264   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1265 }
1266 
1267 
1268 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1269   if (klass() == nullptr) return nullptr;
1270   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1271   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1272   assert(m != nullptr, "sanity check");
1273   return m;
1274 }
1275 
1276 void LatestMethodCache::serialize(SerializeClosure* f) {
1277   f->do_ptr(&_klass);
1278 }
1279 
1280 #ifdef ASSERT
1281 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1282 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1283   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1284   objArrayOop fullgc_alot_dummy_array = (objArrayOop)_fullgc_alot_dummy_array.resolve();
1285   if (fullgc_alot_dummy_array != nullptr) {
1286     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1287       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1288       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array.release(Universe::vm_global());
1289       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = OopHandle(); // null out OopStorage pointer.
1290       return false;
1291     }
1292 
1293     // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1294     fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, nullptr);
1295   }
1296   return true;
1297 }
1298 
1299 bool Universe::is_stw_gc_active() {
1300   return heap()->is_stw_gc_active();
1301 }
1302 
1303 bool Universe::is_in_heap(const void* p) {
1304   return heap()->is_in(p);
1305 }
1306 
1307 #endif // ASSERT