1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  8  *
  9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 13  * accompanied this code).
 14  *
 15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "cds/aotMappedHeap.hpp"
 26 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
 27 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
 28 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
 29 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
 30 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
 31 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
 32 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
 33 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
 34 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
 35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
 36 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
 37 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
 38 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
 39 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
 40 #include "oops/compressedOops.hpp"
 41 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
 42 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
 43 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
 44 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
 45 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.hpp"
 46 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
 47 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
 48 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 49 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
 50 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
 51 #include "gc/g1/g1HeapRegion.hpp"
 52 #endif
 53 
 54 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 55 
 56 GrowableArrayCHeap<u1, mtClassShared>* AOTMappedHeapWriter::_buffer = nullptr;
 57 
 58 bool AOTMappedHeapWriter::_is_writing_deterministic_heap = false;
 59 size_t AOTMappedHeapWriter::_buffer_used;
 60 
 61 // Heap root segments
 62 HeapRootSegments AOTMappedHeapWriter::_heap_root_segments;
 63 
 64 address AOTMappedHeapWriter::_requested_bottom;
 65 address AOTMappedHeapWriter::_requested_top;
 66 
 67 static size_t _num_strings = 0;
 68 static size_t _string_bytes = 0;
 69 static size_t _num_packages = 0;
 70 static size_t _num_protection_domains = 0;
 71 
 72 GrowableArrayCHeap<AOTMappedHeapWriter::NativePointerInfo, mtClassShared>* AOTMappedHeapWriter::_native_pointers;
 73 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* AOTMappedHeapWriter::_source_objs;
 74 GrowableArrayCHeap<AOTMappedHeapWriter::HeapObjOrder, mtClassShared>* AOTMappedHeapWriter::_source_objs_order;
 75 
 76 AOTMappedHeapWriter::BufferOffsetToSourceObjectTable*
 77 AOTMappedHeapWriter::_buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table = nullptr;
 78 
 79 typedef HashTable<
 80       size_t,    // offset of a filler from AOTMappedHeapWriter::buffer_bottom()
 81       size_t,    // size of this filler (in bytes)
 82       127,       // prime number
 83       AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 84       mtClassShared> FillersTable;
 85 static FillersTable* _fillers;
 86 static int _num_native_ptrs = 0;
 87 
 88 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::init() {
 89   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 90     Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
 91 
 92     _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table = new (mtClassShared) BufferOffsetToSourceObjectTable(/*size (prime)*/36137, /*max size*/1 * M);
 93     _fillers = new (mtClassShared) FillersTable();
 94     _requested_bottom = nullptr;
 95     _requested_top = nullptr;
 96 
 97     _native_pointers = new GrowableArrayCHeap<NativePointerInfo, mtClassShared>(2048);
 98     _source_objs = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(10000);
 99 
100     guarantee(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT <= G1HeapRegion::min_region_size_in_words() * HeapWordSize, "must be");
101 
102     if (CDSConfig::old_cds_flags_used()) {
103       // With the old CDS workflow, we can guatantee determninistic output: given
104       // the same classlist file, we can generate the same static CDS archive.
105       // To ensure determinism, we always use the same compressed oop encoding
106       // (zero-based, no shift). See set_requested_address_range().
107       _is_writing_deterministic_heap = true;
108     } else {
109       // Determninistic output is not supported by the new AOT workflow, so
110       // we don't force the (zero-based, no shift) encoding. This way, it is more
111       // likely that we can avoid oop relocation in the production run.
112       _is_writing_deterministic_heap = false;
113     }
114   }
115 }
116 
117 // For AOTMappedHeapWriter::narrow_oop_{mode, base, shift}(), see comments
118 // in AOTMappedHeapWriter::set_requested_address_range(),
119 CompressedOops::Mode AOTMappedHeapWriter::narrow_oop_mode() {
120   if (is_writing_deterministic_heap()) {
121     return CompressedOops::UnscaledNarrowOop;
122   } else {
123     return CompressedOops::mode();
124   }
125 }
126 
127 address AOTMappedHeapWriter::narrow_oop_base() {
128   if (is_writing_deterministic_heap()) {
129     return nullptr;
130   } else {
131     return CompressedOops::base();
132   }
133 }
134 
135 int AOTMappedHeapWriter::narrow_oop_shift() {
136   if (is_writing_deterministic_heap()) {
137     return 0;
138   } else {
139     return CompressedOops::shift();
140   }
141 }
142 
143 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops() {
144   delete _source_objs;
145   _source_objs = nullptr;
146 }
147 
148 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(oop src_obj) {
149   _source_objs->append(src_obj);
150 }
151 
152 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::write(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots,
153                                 AOTMappedHeapInfo* heap_info) {
154   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "sanity");
155   allocate_buffer();
156   copy_source_objs_to_buffer(roots);
157   set_requested_address_range(heap_info);
158   relocate_embedded_oops(roots, heap_info);
159 }
160 
161 bool AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(oop o) {
162   size_t size = o->size();
163   size = o->copy_size_cds(size, o->mark());
164   return is_too_large_to_archive(size);
165 }
166 
167 bool AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
168   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
169   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
170 }
171 
172 bool AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
173   assert(size > 0, "no zero-size object");
174   assert(size * HeapWordSize > size, "no overflow");
175   static_assert(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT > 0, "must be positive");
176 
177   size_t byte_size = size * HeapWordSize;
178   if (byte_size > size_t(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT)) {
179     return true;
180   } else {
181     return false;
182   }
183 }
184 
185 // Various lookup functions between source_obj, buffered_obj and requested_obj
186 bool AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_in_requested_range(oop o) {
187   assert(_requested_bottom != nullptr, "do not call before _requested_bottom is initialized");
188   address a = cast_from_oop<address>(o);
189   return (_requested_bottom <= a && a < _requested_top);
190 }
191 
192 oop AOTMappedHeapWriter::requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(size_t offset) {
193   oop req_obj = cast_to_oop(_requested_bottom + offset);
194   assert(is_in_requested_range(req_obj), "must be");
195   return req_obj;
196 }
197 
198 oop AOTMappedHeapWriter::source_obj_to_requested_obj(oop src_obj) {
199   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
200   HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* p = HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(src_obj);
201   if (p != nullptr) {
202     return requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(p->buffer_offset());
203   } else {
204     return nullptr;
205   }
206 }
207 
208 oop AOTMappedHeapWriter::buffered_addr_to_source_obj(address buffered_addr) {
209   OopHandle* oh = _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table->get(buffered_address_to_offset(buffered_addr));
210   if (oh != nullptr) {
211     return oh->resolve();
212   } else {
213     return nullptr;
214   }
215 }
216 
217 Klass* AOTMappedHeapWriter::real_klass_of_buffered_oop(address buffered_addr) {
218   oop p = buffered_addr_to_source_obj(buffered_addr);
219   if (p != nullptr) {
220     return p->klass();
221   } else if (get_filler_size_at(buffered_addr) > 0) {
222     return Universe::fillerArrayKlass();
223   } else {
224     // This is one of the root segments
225     return Universe::objectArrayKlass();
226   }
227 }
228 
229 size_t AOTMappedHeapWriter::size_of_buffered_oop(address buffered_addr) {
230   oop p = buffered_addr_to_source_obj(buffered_addr);
231   if (p != nullptr) {
232     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
233       // Use the buffered object's mark word to determine size, not the source
234       // object's.  The source object's mark word may have changed after the
235       // buffer was written (e.g., it may have been hashed by
236       // make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe), which would cause copy_size_cds
237       // to return a different size than what was actually allocated.
238       // The buffered copy's mark word was set by update_header_for_requested_obj
239       // and correctly reflects the allocated size via its expanded/hash state.
240       oop buffered_oop = cast_to_oop(buffered_addr);
241       markWord buffered_mark = buffered_oop->mark();
242       return buffered_oop->size_given_mark_and_klass(buffered_mark, p->klass());
243     }
244     return p->size();
245   }
246 
247   size_t nbytes = get_filler_size_at(buffered_addr);
248   if (nbytes > 0) {
249     assert((nbytes % BytesPerWord) == 0, "should be aligned");
250     return nbytes / BytesPerWord;
251   }
252 
253   address hrs = buffer_bottom();
254   for (size_t seg_idx = 0; seg_idx < _heap_root_segments.count(); seg_idx++) {
255     nbytes = _heap_root_segments.size_in_bytes(seg_idx);
256     if (hrs == buffered_addr) {
257       assert((nbytes % BytesPerWord) == 0, "should be aligned");
258       return nbytes / BytesPerWord;
259     }
260     hrs += nbytes;
261   }
262 
263   ShouldNotReachHere();
264   return 0;
265 }
266 
267 address AOTMappedHeapWriter::buffered_addr_to_requested_addr(address buffered_addr) {
268   return _requested_bottom + buffered_address_to_offset(buffered_addr);
269 }
270 
271 address AOTMappedHeapWriter::requested_address() {
272   assert(_buffer != nullptr, "must be initialized");
273   return _requested_bottom;
274 }
275 
276 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::allocate_buffer() {
277   int initial_buffer_size = 100000;
278   _buffer = new GrowableArrayCHeap<u1, mtClassShared>(initial_buffer_size);
279   _buffer_used = 0;
280   ensure_buffer_space(1); // so that buffer_bottom() works
281 }
282 
283 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::ensure_buffer_space(size_t min_bytes) {
284   // We usually have very small heaps. If we get a huge one it's probably caused by a bug.
285   guarantee(min_bytes <= max_jint, "we dont support archiving more than 2G of objects");
286   _buffer->at_grow(to_array_index(min_bytes));
287 }
288 
289 objArrayOop AOTMappedHeapWriter::allocate_root_segment(size_t offset, int element_count) {
290   HeapWord* mem = offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord *>(offset);
291   memset(mem, 0, objArrayOopDesc::object_size(element_count));
292 
293   // The initialization code is copied from MemAllocator::finish and ObjArrayAllocator::initialize.
294   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
295     oopDesc::release_set_mark(mem, Universe::objectArrayKlass()->prototype_header());
296   } else {
297     oopDesc::set_mark(mem, markWord::prototype());
298     oopDesc::release_set_klass(mem, Universe::objectArrayKlass());
299   }
300   arrayOopDesc::set_length(mem, element_count);
301   return objArrayOop(cast_to_oop(mem));
302 }
303 
304 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::root_segment_at_put(objArrayOop segment, int index, oop root) {
305   // Do not use arrayOop->obj_at_put(i, o) as arrayOop is outside the real heap!
306   if (UseCompressedOops) {
307     *segment->obj_at_addr<narrowOop>(index) = CompressedOops::encode(root);
308   } else {
309     *segment->obj_at_addr<oop>(index) = root;
310   }
311 }
312 
313 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::copy_roots_to_buffer(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots) {
314   // Depending on the number of classes we are archiving, a single roots array may be
315   // larger than MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT. Roots are allocated first in the buffer, which
316   // allows us to chop the large array into a series of "segments". Current layout
317   // starts with zero or more segments exactly fitting MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, and end
318   // with a single segment that may be smaller than MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT.
319   // This is simple and efficient. We do not need filler objects anywhere between the segments,
320   // or immediately after the last segment. This allows starting the object dump immediately
321   // after the roots.
322 
323   assert((_buffer_used % MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT) == 0,
324          "Pre-condition: Roots start at aligned boundary: %zu", _buffer_used);
325 
326   int max_elem_count = ((MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT - arrayOopDesc::header_size_in_bytes()) / heapOopSize);
327   assert(objArrayOopDesc::object_size(max_elem_count)*HeapWordSize == MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT,
328          "Should match exactly");
329 
330   HeapRootSegments segments(_buffer_used,
331                             roots->length(),
332                             MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT,
333                             max_elem_count);
334 
335   int root_index = 0;
336   for (size_t seg_idx = 0; seg_idx < segments.count(); seg_idx++) {
337     int size_elems = segments.size_in_elems(seg_idx);
338     size_t size_bytes = segments.size_in_bytes(seg_idx);
339 
340     size_t oop_offset = _buffer_used;
341     _buffer_used = oop_offset + size_bytes;
342     ensure_buffer_space(_buffer_used);
343 
344     assert((oop_offset % MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT) == 0,
345            "Roots segment %zu start is not aligned: %zu",
346            segments.count(), oop_offset);
347 
348     objArrayOop seg_oop = allocate_root_segment(oop_offset, size_elems);
349     for (int i = 0; i < size_elems; i++) {
350       root_segment_at_put(seg_oop, i, roots->at(root_index++));
351     }
352 
353     log_info(aot, heap)("archived obj root segment [%d] = %zu bytes, obj = " PTR_FORMAT,
354                         size_elems, size_bytes, p2i(seg_oop));
355   }
356 
357   assert(root_index == roots->length(), "Post-condition: All roots are handled");
358 
359   _heap_root_segments = segments;
360 }
361 
362 // The goal is to sort the objects in increasing order of:
363 // - objects that have only oop pointers
364 // - objects that have both native and oop pointers
365 // - objects that have only native pointers
366 // - objects that have no pointers
367 static int oop_sorting_rank(oop o) {
368   bool has_oop_ptr, has_native_ptr;
369   HeapShared::get_pointer_info(o, has_oop_ptr, has_native_ptr);
370 
371   if (has_oop_ptr) {
372     if (!has_native_ptr) {
373       return 0;
374     } else {
375       return 1;
376     }
377   } else {
378     if (has_native_ptr) {
379       return 2;
380     } else {
381       return 3;
382     }
383   }
384 }
385 
386 int AOTMappedHeapWriter::compare_objs_by_oop_fields(HeapObjOrder* a, HeapObjOrder* b) {
387   int rank_a = a->_rank;
388   int rank_b = b->_rank;
389 
390   if (rank_a != rank_b) {
391     return rank_a - rank_b;
392   } else {
393     // If they are the same rank, sort them by their position in the _source_objs array
394     return a->_index - b->_index;
395   }
396 }
397 
398 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::sort_source_objs() {
399   log_info(aot)("sorting heap objects");
400   int len = _source_objs->length();
401   _source_objs_order = new GrowableArrayCHeap<HeapObjOrder, mtClassShared>(len);
402 
403   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
404     oop o = _source_objs->at(i);
405     int rank = oop_sorting_rank(o);
406     HeapObjOrder os = {i, rank};
407     _source_objs_order->append(os);
408   }
409   log_info(aot)("computed ranks");
410   _source_objs_order->sort(compare_objs_by_oop_fields);
411   log_info(aot)("sorting heap objects done");
412 }
413 
414 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::copy_source_objs_to_buffer(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots) {
415   // There could be multiple root segments, which we want to be aligned by region.
416   // Putting them ahead of objects makes sure we waste no space.
417   copy_roots_to_buffer(roots);
418 
419   sort_source_objs();
420   for (int i = 0; i < _source_objs_order->length(); i++) {
421     int src_obj_index = _source_objs_order->at(i)._index;
422     oop src_obj = _source_objs->at(src_obj_index);
423     HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* info = HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(src_obj);
424     assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
425     size_t buffer_offset = copy_one_source_obj_to_buffer(src_obj);
426     info->set_buffer_offset(buffer_offset);
427     assert(buffer_offset <= 0x7fffffff, "sanity");
428 
429     OopHandle handle(Universe::vm_global(), src_obj);
430     _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table->put_when_absent(buffer_offset, handle);
431     _buffer_offset_to_source_obj_table->maybe_grow();
432 
433     if (java_lang_Module::is_instance(src_obj)) {
434       Modules::check_archived_module_oop(src_obj);
435     }
436   }
437 
438   log_info(aot)("Size of heap region = %zu bytes, %d objects, %d roots, %d native ptrs",
439                 _buffer_used, _source_objs->length() + 1, roots->length(), _num_native_ptrs);
440   log_info(aot)("   strings            = %8zu (%zu bytes)", _num_strings, _string_bytes);
441   log_info(aot)("   packages           = %8zu", _num_packages);
442   log_info(aot)("   protection domains = %8zu", _num_protection_domains);
443 }
444 
445 size_t AOTMappedHeapWriter::filler_array_byte_size(int length) {
446   size_t byte_size = objArrayOopDesc::object_size(length) * HeapWordSize;
447   return byte_size;
448 }
449 
450 int AOTMappedHeapWriter::filler_array_length(size_t fill_bytes) {
451   assert(is_object_aligned(fill_bytes), "must be");
452   size_t elemSize = (UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop));
453 
454   int initial_length = to_array_length(fill_bytes / elemSize);
455   for (int length = initial_length; length >= 0; length --) {
456     size_t array_byte_size = filler_array_byte_size(length);
457     if (array_byte_size == fill_bytes) {
458       return length;
459     }
460   }
461 
462   ShouldNotReachHere();
463   return -1;
464 }
465 
466 HeapWord* AOTMappedHeapWriter::init_filler_array_at_buffer_top(int array_length, size_t fill_bytes) {
467   Klass* oak = Universe::objectArrayKlass(); // already relocated to point to archived klass
468   HeapWord* mem = offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(_buffer_used);
469   memset(mem, 0, fill_bytes);
470   narrowKlass nk = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_requested_narrow_klass(oak);
471   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
472     oopDesc::release_set_mark(mem, markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk));
473   } else {
474     oopDesc::set_mark(mem, markWord::prototype());
475     cast_to_oop(mem)->set_narrow_klass(nk);
476   }
477   arrayOopDesc::set_length(mem, array_length);
478   return mem;
479 }
480 
481 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::maybe_fill_gc_region_gap(size_t required_byte_size) {
482   // We fill only with arrays (so we don't need to use a single HeapWord filler if the
483   // leftover space is smaller than a zero-sized array object). Therefore, we need to
484   // make sure there's enough space of min_filler_byte_size in the current region after
485   // required_byte_size has been allocated. If not, fill the remainder of the current
486   // region.
487   size_t min_filler_byte_size = filler_array_byte_size(0);
488   size_t new_used = _buffer_used + required_byte_size + min_filler_byte_size;
489 
490   const size_t cur_min_region_bottom = align_down(_buffer_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
491   const size_t next_min_region_bottom = align_down(new_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
492 
493   if (cur_min_region_bottom != next_min_region_bottom) {
494     // Make sure that no objects span across MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT. This way
495     // we can map the region in any region-based collector.
496     assert(next_min_region_bottom > cur_min_region_bottom, "must be");
497     assert(next_min_region_bottom - cur_min_region_bottom == MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT,
498            "no buffered object can be larger than %d bytes",  MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
499 
500     const size_t filler_end = next_min_region_bottom;
501     const size_t fill_bytes = filler_end - _buffer_used;
502     assert(fill_bytes > 0, "must be");
503     ensure_buffer_space(filler_end);
504 
505     int array_length = filler_array_length(fill_bytes);
506     log_info(aot, heap)("Inserting filler obj array of %d elements (%zu bytes total) @ buffer offset %zu",
507                         array_length, fill_bytes, _buffer_used);
508     HeapWord* filler = init_filler_array_at_buffer_top(array_length, fill_bytes);
509     _buffer_used = filler_end;
510     _fillers->put(buffered_address_to_offset((address)filler), fill_bytes);
511   }
512 }
513 
514 size_t AOTMappedHeapWriter::get_filler_size_at(address buffered_addr) {
515   size_t* p = _fillers->get(buffered_address_to_offset(buffered_addr));
516   if (p != nullptr) {
517     assert(*p > 0, "filler must be larger than zero bytes");
518     return *p;
519   } else {
520     return 0; // buffered_addr is not a filler
521   }
522 }
523 
524 template <typename T>
525 void update_buffered_object_field(address buffered_obj, int field_offset, T value) {
526   T* field_addr = cast_to_oop(buffered_obj)->field_addr<T>(field_offset);
527   *field_addr = value;
528 }
529 
530 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::update_stats(oop src_obj) {
531   if (java_lang_String::is_instance(src_obj)) {
532     _num_strings ++;
533     _string_bytes += src_obj->size() * HeapWordSize;
534     _string_bytes += java_lang_String::value(src_obj)->size() * HeapWordSize;
535   } else {
536     Klass* k = src_obj->klass();
537     Symbol* name = k->name();
538     if (name->equals("java/lang/NamedPackage") || name->equals("java/lang/Package")) {
539       _num_packages ++;
540     } else if (name->equals("java/security/ProtectionDomain")) {
541       _num_protection_domains ++;
542     }
543   }
544 }
545 
546 size_t AOTMappedHeapWriter::copy_one_source_obj_to_buffer(oop src_obj) {
547   update_stats(src_obj);
548 
549   assert(!is_too_large_to_archive(src_obj), "already checked");
550   size_t old_size = src_obj->size();
551   size_t new_size = src_obj->copy_size_cds(old_size, src_obj->mark());
552   size_t byte_size = new_size * HeapWordSize;
553   assert(byte_size > 0, "no zero-size objects");
554 
555   // For region-based collectors such as G1, the archive heap may be mapped into
556   // multiple regions. We need to make sure that we don't have an object that can possible
557   // span across two regions.
558   maybe_fill_gc_region_gap(byte_size);
559 
560   size_t new_used = _buffer_used + byte_size;
561   assert(new_used > _buffer_used, "no wrap around");
562 
563   size_t cur_min_region_bottom = align_down(_buffer_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
564   size_t next_min_region_bottom = align_down(new_used, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
565   assert(cur_min_region_bottom == next_min_region_bottom, "no object should cross minimal GC region boundaries");
566 
567   ensure_buffer_space(new_used);
568 
569   address from = cast_from_oop<address>(src_obj);
570   address to = offset_to_buffered_address<address>(_buffer_used);
571   assert(is_object_aligned(_buffer_used), "sanity");
572   assert(is_object_aligned(byte_size), "sanity");
573   memcpy(to, from, MIN2(new_size, old_size) * HeapWordSize);
574 
575   // These native pointers will be restored explicitly at run time.
576   if (java_lang_Module::is_instance(src_obj)) {
577     update_buffered_object_field<ModuleEntry*>(to, java_lang_Module::module_entry_offset(), nullptr);
578   } else if (java_lang_ClassLoader::is_instance(src_obj)) {
579 #ifdef ASSERT
580     // We only archive these loaders
581     if (src_obj != SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() &&
582         src_obj != SystemDictionary::java_system_loader()) {
583       assert(src_obj->klass()->name()->equals("jdk/internal/loader/ClassLoaders$BootClassLoader"), "must be");
584     }
585 #endif
586     update_buffered_object_field<ClassLoaderData*>(to, java_lang_ClassLoader::loader_data_offset(), nullptr);
587   }
588 
589   size_t buffered_obj_offset = _buffer_used;
590   _buffer_used = new_used;
591 
592   return buffered_obj_offset;
593 }
594 
595 // Set the range [_requested_bottom, _requested_top), the requested address range of all
596 // the archived heap objects in the production run.
597 //
598 // (1) UseCompressedOops == true && !is_writing_deterministic_heap()
599 //
600 //     The archived objects are stored using the COOPS encoding of the assembly phase.
601 //     We pick a range within the heap used by the assembly phase.
602 //
603 //     In the production run, if different COOPS encodings are used:
604 //         - The heap contents needs to be relocated.
605 //
606 // (2) UseCompressedOops == true && is_writing_deterministic_heap()
607 //
608 //     We always use zero-based, zero-shift encoding. _requested_top is aligned to 0x10000000.
609 //
610 // (3) UseCompressedOops == false:
611 //
612 //     In the production run, the heap range is usually picked (randomly) by the OS, so we
613 //     will almost always need to perform relocation, regardless of how we pick the requested
614 //     address range.
615 //
616 //     So we just hard code it to NOCOOPS_REQUESTED_BASE.
617 //
618 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::set_requested_address_range(AOTMappedHeapInfo* info) {
619   assert(!info->is_used(), "only set once");
620 
621   size_t heap_region_byte_size = _buffer_used;
622   assert(heap_region_byte_size > 0, "must archived at least one object!");
623 
624   if (UseCompressedOops) {
625     if (is_writing_deterministic_heap()) {
626       // Pick a heap range so that requested addresses can be encoded with zero-base/no shift.
627       // We align the requested bottom to at least 1 MB: if the production run uses G1 with a small
628       // heap (e.g., -Xmx256m), it's likely that we can map the archived objects at the
629       // requested location to avoid relocation.
630       //
631       // For other collectors or larger heaps, relocation is unavoidable, but is usually
632       // quite cheap. If you really want to avoid relocation, use the AOT workflow instead.
633       address heap_end = (address)0x100000000;
634       size_t alignment = MAX2(MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, 1024 * 1024);
635       if (align_up(heap_region_byte_size, alignment) >= (size_t)heap_end) {
636         log_error(aot, heap)("cached heap space is too large: %zu bytes", heap_region_byte_size);
637         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
638       }
639       _requested_bottom = align_down(heap_end - heap_region_byte_size, alignment);
640     } else if (UseG1GC) {
641       // For G1, pick the range at the top of the current heap. If the exact same heap sizes
642       // are used in the production run, it's likely that we can map the archived objects
643       // at the requested location to avoid relocation.
644       address heap_end = (address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end();
645       log_info(aot, heap)("Heap end = %p", heap_end);
646       _requested_bottom = align_down(heap_end - heap_region_byte_size, G1HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
647       _requested_bottom = align_down(_requested_bottom, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
648       assert(is_aligned(_requested_bottom, G1HeapRegion::GrainBytes), "sanity");
649     } else {
650       _requested_bottom = align_up(CompressedOops::begin(), MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
651     }
652   } else {
653     // We always write the objects as if the heap started at this address. This
654     // makes the contents of the archive heap deterministic.
655     //
656     // Note that at runtime, the heap address is selected by the OS, so the archive
657     // heap will not be mapped at 0x10000000, and the contents need to be patched.
658     _requested_bottom = align_up((address)NOCOOPS_REQUESTED_BASE, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT);
659   }
660 
661   assert(is_aligned(_requested_bottom, MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT), "sanity");
662 
663   _requested_top = _requested_bottom + _buffer_used;
664 
665   info->set_buffer_region(MemRegion(offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(0),
666                                     offset_to_buffered_address<HeapWord*>(_buffer_used)));
667   info->set_root_segments(_heap_root_segments);
668 }
669 
670 // Oop relocation
671 
672 template <typename T> T* AOTMappedHeapWriter::requested_addr_to_buffered_addr(T* p) {
673   assert(is_in_requested_range(cast_to_oop(p)), "must be");
674 
675   address addr = address(p);
676   assert(addr >= _requested_bottom, "must be");
677   size_t offset = addr - _requested_bottom;
678   return offset_to_buffered_address<T*>(offset);
679 }
680 
681 template <typename T> oop AOTMappedHeapWriter::load_source_oop_from_buffer(T* buffered_addr) {
682   oop o = load_oop_from_buffer(buffered_addr);
683   assert(!in_buffer(cast_from_oop<address>(o)), "must point to source oop");
684   return o;
685 }
686 
687 template <typename T> void AOTMappedHeapWriter::store_requested_oop_in_buffer(T* buffered_addr,
688                                                                                    oop request_oop) {
689   assert(request_oop == nullptr || is_in_requested_range(request_oop), "must be");
690   store_oop_in_buffer(buffered_addr, request_oop);
691 }
692 
693 inline void AOTMappedHeapWriter::store_oop_in_buffer(oop* buffered_addr, oop requested_obj) {
694   *buffered_addr = requested_obj;
695 }
696 
697 inline void AOTMappedHeapWriter::store_oop_in_buffer(narrowOop* buffered_addr, oop requested_obj) {
698   narrowOop val = CompressedOops::encode(requested_obj);
699   *buffered_addr = val;
700 }
701 
702 oop AOTMappedHeapWriter::load_oop_from_buffer(oop* buffered_addr) {
703   return *buffered_addr;
704 }
705 
706 oop AOTMappedHeapWriter::load_oop_from_buffer(narrowOop* buffered_addr) {
707   return CompressedOops::decode(*buffered_addr);
708 }
709 
710 template <typename T> void AOTMappedHeapWriter::relocate_field_in_buffer(T* field_addr_in_buffer, oop source_referent, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) {
711   oop request_referent = source_obj_to_requested_obj(source_referent);
712   if (UseCompressedOops && is_writing_deterministic_heap()) {
713     // We use zero-based, 0-shift encoding, so the narrowOop is just the lower
714     // 32 bits of request_referent
715     intptr_t addr = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(request_referent);
716     *((narrowOop*)field_addr_in_buffer) = CompressedOops::narrow_oop_cast(addr);
717   } else {
718     store_requested_oop_in_buffer<T>(field_addr_in_buffer, request_referent);
719   }
720   if (request_referent != nullptr) {
721     mark_oop_pointer<T>(field_addr_in_buffer, oopmap);
722   }
723 }
724 
725 template <typename T> void AOTMappedHeapWriter::mark_oop_pointer(T* buffered_addr, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) {
726   T* request_p = (T*)(buffered_addr_to_requested_addr((address)buffered_addr));
727   address requested_region_bottom;
728 
729   assert(request_p >= (T*)_requested_bottom, "sanity");
730   assert(request_p <  (T*)_requested_top, "sanity");
731   requested_region_bottom = _requested_bottom;
732 
733   // Mark the pointer in the oopmap
734   T* region_bottom = (T*)requested_region_bottom;
735   assert(request_p >= region_bottom, "must be");
736   BitMap::idx_t idx = request_p - region_bottom;
737   assert(idx < oopmap->size(), "overflow");
738   oopmap->set_bit(idx);
739 }
740 
741 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::update_header_for_requested_obj(oop requested_obj, oop src_obj,  Klass* src_klass) {
742   narrowKlass nk = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_requested_narrow_klass(src_klass);
743   address buffered_addr = requested_addr_to_buffered_addr(cast_from_oop<address>(requested_obj));
744 
745   oop fake_oop = cast_to_oop(buffered_addr);
746   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
747     fake_oop->set_mark(markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk));
748     assert(fake_oop->mark().narrow_klass() != 0, "must not be null");
749   } else {
750     fake_oop->set_narrow_klass(nk);
751   }
752 
753   if (src_obj == nullptr) {
754     return;
755   }
756   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
757   // in the shared heap.
758   if (!src_obj->fast_no_hash_check()) {
759     intptr_t src_hash = src_obj->identity_hash();
760     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
761       markWord m = markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk);
762       m = m.copy_hashctrl_from(src_obj->mark());
763       fake_oop->set_mark(m);
764       if (m.is_hashed_not_expanded()) {
765         fake_oop->set_mark(fake_oop->initialize_hash_if_necessary(src_obj, src_klass, m));
766       } else if (m.is_not_hashed_expanded()) {
767         fake_oop->set_mark(m.set_not_hashed_not_expanded());
768       }
769       assert(!fake_oop->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded() && !fake_oop->mark().is_hashed_not_expanded(), "must not be not-hashed-moved and not be hashed-not-moved");
770     } else {
771       fake_oop->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
772       DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = fake_oop->identity_hash());
773       assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
774     }
775     assert(fake_oop->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
776   }
777   // Strip age bits.
778   fake_oop->set_mark(fake_oop->mark().set_age(0));
779 }
780 
781 class AOTMappedHeapWriter::EmbeddedOopRelocator: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
782   oop _src_obj;
783   address _buffered_obj;
784   CHeapBitMap* _oopmap;
785   bool _is_java_lang_ref;
786 public:
787   EmbeddedOopRelocator(oop src_obj, address buffered_obj, CHeapBitMap* oopmap) :
788     _src_obj(src_obj), _buffered_obj(buffered_obj), _oopmap(oopmap)
789   {
790     _is_java_lang_ref = AOTReferenceObjSupport::check_if_ref_obj(src_obj);
791   }
792 
793   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { EmbeddedOopRelocator::do_oop_work(p); }
794   void do_oop(      oop *p) { EmbeddedOopRelocator::do_oop_work(p); }
795 
796 private:
797   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
798     int field_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((char*)p, cast_from_oop<char*>(_src_obj));
799     T* field_addr = (T*)(_buffered_obj + field_offset);
800     oop referent = load_source_oop_from_buffer<T>(field_addr);
801     referent = HeapShared::maybe_remap_referent(_is_java_lang_ref, field_offset, referent);
802     AOTMappedHeapWriter::relocate_field_in_buffer<T>(field_addr, referent, _oopmap);
803   }
804 };
805 
806 static void log_bitmap_usage(const char* which, BitMap* bitmap, size_t total_bits) {
807   // The whole heap is covered by total_bits, but there are only non-zero bits within [start ... end).
808   size_t start = bitmap->find_first_set_bit(0);
809   size_t end = bitmap->size();
810   log_info(aot)("%s = %7zu ... %7zu (%3zu%% ... %3zu%% = %3zu%%)", which,
811                 start, end,
812                 start * 100 / total_bits,
813                 end * 100 / total_bits,
814                 (end - start) * 100 / total_bits);
815 }
816 
817 // Update all oop fields embedded in the buffered objects
818 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::relocate_embedded_oops(GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* roots,
819                                                       AOTMappedHeapInfo* heap_info) {
820   size_t oopmap_unit = (UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop));
821   size_t heap_region_byte_size = _buffer_used;
822   heap_info->oopmap()->resize(heap_region_byte_size   / oopmap_unit);
823 
824   for (int i = 0; i < _source_objs_order->length(); i++) {
825     int src_obj_index = _source_objs_order->at(i)._index;
826     oop src_obj = _source_objs->at(src_obj_index);
827     HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* info = HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(src_obj);
828     assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
829     oop requested_obj = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(info->buffer_offset());
830     update_header_for_requested_obj(requested_obj, src_obj, src_obj->klass());
831     address buffered_obj = offset_to_buffered_address<address>(info->buffer_offset());
832     EmbeddedOopRelocator relocator(src_obj, buffered_obj, heap_info->oopmap());
833     src_obj->oop_iterate(&relocator);
834     mark_native_pointers(src_obj);
835   };
836 
837   // Relocate HeapShared::roots(), which is created in copy_roots_to_buffer() and
838   // doesn't have a corresponding src_obj, so we can't use EmbeddedOopRelocator on it.
839   for (size_t seg_idx = 0; seg_idx < _heap_root_segments.count(); seg_idx++) {
840     size_t seg_offset = _heap_root_segments.segment_offset(seg_idx);
841 
842     objArrayOop requested_obj = (objArrayOop)requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(seg_offset);
843     update_header_for_requested_obj(requested_obj, nullptr, Universe::objectArrayKlass());
844     address buffered_obj = offset_to_buffered_address<address>(seg_offset);
845     int length = _heap_root_segments.size_in_elems(seg_idx);
846 
847     size_t elem_size = UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop);
848 
849     for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
850       // There is no source object; these are native oops - load, translate and
851       // write back
852       size_t elem_offset = objArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes() + elem_size * i;
853       HeapWord* elem_addr = (HeapWord*)(buffered_obj + elem_offset);
854       oop obj = NativeAccess<>::oop_load(elem_addr);
855       obj = HeapShared::maybe_remap_referent(false /* is_reference_field */, elem_offset, obj);
856       if (UseCompressedOops) {
857         relocate_field_in_buffer<narrowOop>((narrowOop*)elem_addr, obj, heap_info->oopmap());
858       } else {
859         relocate_field_in_buffer<oop>((oop*)elem_addr, obj, heap_info->oopmap());
860       }
861     }
862   }
863 
864   compute_ptrmap(heap_info);
865 
866   size_t total_bytes = (size_t)_buffer->length();
867   log_bitmap_usage("oopmap", heap_info->oopmap(), total_bytes / (UseCompressedOops ? sizeof(narrowOop) : sizeof(oop)));
868   log_bitmap_usage("ptrmap", heap_info->ptrmap(), total_bytes / sizeof(address));
869 }
870 
871 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::mark_native_pointer(oop src_obj, int field_offset) {
872   Metadata* ptr = src_obj->metadata_field_acquire(field_offset);
873   if (ptr != nullptr) {
874     NativePointerInfo info;
875     info._src_obj = src_obj;
876     info._field_offset = field_offset;
877     _native_pointers->append(info);
878     HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(src_obj);
879     _num_native_ptrs ++;
880   }
881 }
882 
883 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::mark_native_pointers(oop orig_obj) {
884   HeapShared::do_metadata_offsets(orig_obj, [&](int offset) {
885     mark_native_pointer(orig_obj, offset);
886   });
887 }
888 
889 void AOTMappedHeapWriter::compute_ptrmap(AOTMappedHeapInfo* heap_info) {
890   int num_non_null_ptrs = 0;
891   Metadata** bottom = (Metadata**) _requested_bottom;
892   Metadata** top = (Metadata**) _requested_top; // exclusive
893   heap_info->ptrmap()->resize(top - bottom);
894 
895   BitMap::idx_t max_idx = 32; // paranoid - don't make it too small
896   for (int i = 0; i < _native_pointers->length(); i++) {
897     NativePointerInfo info = _native_pointers->at(i);
898     oop src_obj = info._src_obj;
899     int field_offset = info._field_offset;
900     HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* p = HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(src_obj);
901     // requested_field_addr = the address of this field in the requested space
902     oop requested_obj = requested_obj_from_buffer_offset(p->buffer_offset());
903     Metadata** requested_field_addr = (Metadata**)(cast_from_oop<address>(requested_obj) + field_offset);
904     assert(bottom <= requested_field_addr && requested_field_addr < top, "range check");
905 
906     // Mark this field in the bitmap
907     BitMap::idx_t idx = requested_field_addr - bottom;
908     heap_info->ptrmap()->set_bit(idx);
909     num_non_null_ptrs ++;
910     max_idx = MAX2(max_idx, idx);
911 
912     // Set the native pointer to the requested address of the metadata (at runtime, the metadata will have
913     // this address if the RO/RW regions are mapped at the default location).
914 
915     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = requested_addr_to_buffered_addr(requested_field_addr);
916     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
917     guarantee(native_ptr != nullptr, "sanity");
918 
919     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(native_ptr)) {
920       native_ptr = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(native_ptr);
921     }
922 
923     if (!ArchiveBuilder::current()->has_been_archived((address)native_ptr)) {
924       ResourceMark rm;
925       LogStreamHandle(Error, aot) log;
926       log.print("Marking native pointer for oop %p (type = %s, offset = %d)",
927                 cast_from_oop<void*>(src_obj), src_obj->klass()->external_name(), field_offset);
928       src_obj->print_on(&log);
929       fatal("Metadata %p should have been archived", native_ptr);
930     }
931 
932     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
933     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
934     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
935   }
936 
937   heap_info->ptrmap()->resize(max_idx + 1);
938   log_info(aot, heap)("calculate_ptrmap: marked %d non-null native pointers for heap region (%zu bits)",
939                       num_non_null_ptrs, size_t(heap_info->ptrmap()->size()));
940 }
941 
942 AOTMapLogger::OopDataIterator* AOTMappedHeapWriter::oop_iterator(AOTMappedHeapInfo* heap_info) {
943   class MappedWriterOopIterator : public AOTMappedHeapOopIterator {
944   public:
945     MappedWriterOopIterator(address buffer_start,
946                             address buffer_end,
947                             address requested_base,
948                             address requested_start,
949                             int requested_shift,
950                             size_t num_root_segments) :
951       AOTMappedHeapOopIterator(buffer_start,
952                                buffer_end,
953                                requested_base,
954                                requested_start,
955                                requested_shift,
956                                num_root_segments) {}
957 
958     AOTMapLogger::OopData capture(address buffered_addr) override {
959       oopDesc* raw_oop = (oopDesc*)buffered_addr;
960       size_t size = size_of_buffered_oop(buffered_addr);
961       address requested_addr = buffered_addr_to_requested_addr(buffered_addr);
962       intptr_t target_location = (intptr_t)requested_addr;
963       uint64_t pd = (uint64_t)(pointer_delta(buffered_addr, _buffer_start, 1));
964       uint32_t narrow_location = checked_cast<uint32_t>(_buffer_start_narrow_oop + (pd >> _requested_shift));
965       Klass* klass = real_klass_of_buffered_oop(buffered_addr);
966 
967       return { buffered_addr,
968                requested_addr,
969                target_location,
970                narrow_location,
971                raw_oop,
972                klass,
973                size,
974                false };
975     }
976   };
977 
978   MemRegion r = heap_info->buffer_region();
979   address buffer_start = address(r.start());
980   address buffer_end = address(r.end());
981 
982   address requested_base = UseCompressedOops ? AOTMappedHeapWriter::narrow_oop_base() : (address)AOTMappedHeapWriter::NOCOOPS_REQUESTED_BASE;
983   address requested_start = UseCompressedOops ? AOTMappedHeapWriter::buffered_addr_to_requested_addr(buffer_start) : requested_base;
984   int requested_shift = AOTMappedHeapWriter::narrow_oop_shift();
985 
986   return new MappedWriterOopIterator(buffer_start,
987                                      buffer_end,
988                                      requested_base,
989                                      requested_start,
990                                      requested_shift,
991                                      heap_info->root_segments().count());
992 }
993 
994 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP