1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotThread.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/oopStorage.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  39 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/mutex.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/thread.hpp"
  50 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "utilities/exceptions.hpp"
  52 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
  53 #include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "utilities/ticks.hpp"
  55 
  56 #include <type_traits>
  57 
  58 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  59 
  60 FileMapRegion* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_heap_region;
  61 FileMapRegion* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_bitmap_region;
  62 int* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_roots_archive;
  63 OopHandle AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_roots;
  64 BitMapView AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_oopmap;
  65 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_is_in_use;
  66 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_previous_batch_last_object_index;
  67 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_current_batch_last_object_index;
  68 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_current_root_index;
  69 size_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_allocated_words;
  70 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_allow_gc;
  71 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_objects_are_handles;
  72 size_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_num_archived_objects;
  73 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_num_roots;
  74 size_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_heap_region_used;
  75 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_loading_all_objects;
  76 
  77 size_t* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_object_index_to_buffer_offset_table;
  78 void** AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_object_index_to_heap_object_table;
  79 int* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_root_highest_object_index_table;
  80 
  81 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_waiting_for_iterator;
  82 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::_swapping_root_format;
  83 
  84 static uint64_t _early_materialization_time_ns = 0;
  85 static uint64_t _late_materialization_time_ns = 0;
  86 static uint64_t _final_materialization_time_ns = 0;
  87 static uint64_t _cleanup_materialization_time_ns = 0;
  88 static volatile uint64_t _accumulated_lazy_materialization_time_ns = 0;
  89 static Ticks _materialization_start_ticks;
  90 
  91 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::object_index_for_root_index(int root_index) {
  92   return _roots_archive[root_index];
  93 }
  94 
  95 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::highest_object_index_for_root_index(int root_index) {
  96   return _root_highest_object_index_table[root_index];
  97 }
  98 
  99 size_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::buffer_offset_for_object_index(int object_index) {
 100   return _object_index_to_buffer_offset_table[object_index];
 101 }
 102 
 103 oopDesc* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::archive_object_for_object_index(int object_index) {
 104   size_t buffer_offset = buffer_offset_for_object_index(object_index);
 105   address bottom = (address)_heap_region->mapped_base();
 106   return (oopDesc*)(bottom + buffer_offset);
 107 }
 108 
 109 size_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::buffer_offset_for_archive_object(oopDesc* archive_object) {
 110   address bottom = (address)_heap_region->mapped_base();
 111   return size_t(archive_object) - size_t(bottom);
 112 }
 113 
 114 template <bool use_coops>
 115 BitMap::idx_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::obj_bit_idx_for_buffer_offset(size_t buffer_offset) {
 116   if constexpr (use_coops) {
 117     return BitMap::idx_t(buffer_offset / sizeof(narrowOop));
 118   } else {
 119     return BitMap::idx_t(buffer_offset / sizeof(HeapWord));
 120   }
 121 }
 122 
 123 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::heap_object_for_object_index(int object_index) {
 124   assert(object_index >= 0 && object_index <= (int)_num_archived_objects,
 125          "Heap object reference out of index: %d", object_index);
 126 
 127   if (_objects_are_handles) {
 128     oop* handle = (oop*)_object_index_to_heap_object_table[object_index];
 129     if (handle == nullptr) {
 130       return nullptr;
 131     }
 132     return NativeAccess<>::oop_load(handle);
 133   } else {
 134     return cast_to_oop(_object_index_to_heap_object_table[object_index]);
 135   }
 136 }
 137 
 138 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::set_heap_object_for_object_index(int object_index, oop heap_object) {
 139   assert(heap_object_for_object_index(object_index) == nullptr, "Should only set once with this API");
 140   if (_objects_are_handles) {
 141     oop* handle = Universe::vm_global()->allocate();
 142     NativeAccess<>::oop_store(handle, heap_object);
 143     _object_index_to_heap_object_table[object_index] = (void*)handle;
 144   } else {
 145     _object_index_to_heap_object_table[object_index] = cast_from_oop<void*>(heap_object);
 146   }
 147 }
 148 
 149 int AOTStreamedHeapLoader::archived_string_value_object_index(oopDesc* archive_object) {
 150     assert(archive_object->klass() == vmClasses::String_klass(), "Must be an archived string");
 151     address archive_string_value_addr = (address)archive_object + java_lang_String::value_offset();
 152     return UseCompressedOops ? *(int*)archive_string_value_addr : (int)*(int64_t*)archive_string_value_addr;
 153 }
 154 
 155 static int archive_array_length(oopDesc* archive_array) {
 156   return *(int*)(address(archive_array) + arrayOopDesc::length_offset_in_bytes());
 157 }
 158 
 159 // archive_object lives in CDS mapped memory, not in the GC heap.
 160 // Calling expand_for_hash() converts the raw oopDesc* to an oop, which
 161 // triggers oop verification.  ZGC's verifier rejects non-heap addresses,
 162 // so we must suspend the check for that call.
 163 #ifdef CHECK_UNHANDLED_OOPS
 164 class SuspendCheckOopFunction : public StackObj {
 165   CheckOopFunctionPointer _saved;
 166 public:
 167   SuspendCheckOopFunction()  : _saved(check_oop_function) { check_oop_function = nullptr; }
 168   ~SuspendCheckOopFunction()                               { check_oop_function = _saved; }
 169 };
 170 #endif
 171 
 172 static bool archive_expand_for_hash(Klass* klass, oopDesc* archive_object) {
 173   CHECK_UNHANDLED_OOPS_ONLY(SuspendCheckOopFunction suspend;)
 174     return klass->expand_for_hash(archive_object, archive_object->mark());
 175 }
 176 
 177 static size_t archive_object_size(oopDesc* archive_object) {
 178   Klass* klass = archive_object->klass();
 179   int lh = klass->layout_helper();
 180 
 181   if (Klass::layout_helper_is_instance(lh)) {
 182     // Instance
 183     if (Klass::layout_helper_needs_slow_path(lh)) {
 184       return ((size_t*)(archive_object))[-1];
 185     } else {
 186       size_t size = (size_t)Klass::layout_helper_size_in_bytes(lh) >> LogHeapWordSize;
 187       if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && archive_object->mark().is_expanded() && archive_expand_for_hash(klass, archive_object)) {
 188         size = align_object_size(size + 1);
 189       }
 190       return size;
 191     }
 192   } else if (Klass::layout_helper_is_array(lh)) {
 193     // Array
 194     size_t size_in_bytes;
 195     size_t array_length = (size_t)archive_array_length(archive_object);
 196     size_in_bytes = array_length << Klass::layout_helper_log2_element_size(lh);
 197     size_in_bytes += (size_t)Klass::layout_helper_header_size(lh);
 198 
 199     size_t size = align_up(size_in_bytes, (size_t)MinObjAlignmentInBytes) / HeapWordSize;
 200     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && archive_object->mark().is_expanded() && archive_expand_for_hash(klass, archive_object)) {
 201       size = align_object_size(size + 1);
 202     }
 203     return size;
 204   } else {
 205     // Other
 206     return ((size_t*)(archive_object))[-1];
 207   }
 208 }
 209 
 210 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::allocate_object(oopDesc* archive_object, markWord mark, size_t size, TRAPS) {
 211   assert(!archive_object->is_stackChunk(), "no such objects are archived");
 212 
 213   NoJvmtiEventsMark njem;
 214   oop heap_object;
 215 
 216   Klass* klass = archive_object->klass();
 217   assert(!(UseCompactObjectHeaders && mark.is_hashed_not_expanded()), "Must not be hashed/not-expanded");
 218   if (klass->is_mirror_instance_klass()) {
 219     size_t base_size = size;
 220     assert(!(UseCompactObjectHeaders && mark.is_not_hashed_expanded()), "should not happen");
 221     heap_object = Universe::heap()->class_allocate(klass, size, base_size, CHECK_NULL);
 222   } else if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
 223     heap_object = Universe::heap()->obj_allocate(klass, size, CHECK_NULL);
 224   } else {
 225     assert(klass->is_array_klass(), "must be");
 226     int length = archive_array_length(archive_object);
 227     bool do_zero = klass->is_objArray_klass();
 228     heap_object = Universe::heap()->array_allocate(klass, size, length, do_zero, CHECK_NULL);
 229   }
 230 
 231   heap_object->set_mark(mark);
 232 
 233   return heap_object;
 234 }
 235 
 236 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::install_root(int root_index, oop heap_object) {
 237   objArrayOop roots = objArrayOop(_roots.resolve());
 238   OrderAccess::release(); // Once the store below publishes an object, it can be concurrently picked up by another thread without using the lock
 239   roots->obj_at_put(root_index, heap_object);
 240 }
 241 
 242 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::wait_for_iterator() {
 243   if (JavaThread::current()->is_active_Java_thread()) {
 244     // When the main thread has bootstrapped past the point of allowing safepoints,
 245     // we can and indeed have to use safepoint checking waiting.
 246     AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
 247   } else {
 248     // If we have no bootstrapped the main thread far enough, then we cannot and
 249     // indeed also don't need to perform safepoint checking waiting.
 250     AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait_without_safepoint_check();
 251   }
 252 }
 253 
 254 // Link object after copying in-place
 255 template <typename LinkerT>
 256 class AOTStreamedHeapLoader::InPlaceLinkingOopClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
 257 private:
 258   oop _obj;
 259   LinkerT _linker;
 260 
 261 public:
 262   InPlaceLinkingOopClosure(oop obj, LinkerT linker)
 263     : _obj(obj),
 264       _linker(linker) {
 265   }
 266 
 267   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) { do_oop_work(p, (int)*(intptr_t*)p); }
 268   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p, *(int*)p); }
 269 
 270   template <typename T>
 271   void do_oop_work(T* p, int object_index) {
 272     int p_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((address)p, cast_from_oop<address>(_obj));
 273     oop pointee = _linker(p_offset, object_index);
 274     if (pointee != nullptr) {
 275       _obj->obj_field_put_access<IS_DEST_UNINITIALIZED>((int)p_offset, pointee);
 276     }
 277   }
 278 };
 279 
 280 template <bool use_coops, typename LinkerT>
 281 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::copy_payload_carefully(oopDesc* archive_object,
 282                                                    oop heap_object,
 283                                                    BitMap::idx_t header_bit,
 284                                                    BitMap::idx_t start_bit,
 285                                                    BitMap::idx_t end_bit,
 286                                                    LinkerT linker) {
 287   using RawElementT = std::conditional_t<use_coops, int32_t, int64_t>;
 288   using OopElementT = std::conditional_t<use_coops, narrowOop, oop>;
 289 
 290   BitMap::idx_t unfinished_bit = start_bit;
 291   BitMap::idx_t next_reference_bit = _oopmap.find_first_set_bit(unfinished_bit, end_bit);
 292 
 293   // Fill in heap object bytes
 294   while (unfinished_bit < end_bit) {
 295     assert(unfinished_bit >= start_bit && unfinished_bit < end_bit, "out of bounds copying");
 296 
 297     // This is the address of the pointee inside the input stream
 298     size_t payload_offset = unfinished_bit - header_bit;
 299     RawElementT* archive_payload_addr = ((RawElementT*)archive_object) + payload_offset;
 300     RawElementT* heap_payload_addr = cast_from_oop<RawElementT*>(heap_object) + payload_offset;
 301 
 302     assert(heap_payload_addr >= cast_from_oop<RawElementT*>(heap_object) &&
 303            (HeapWord*)heap_payload_addr < cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(heap_object) + heap_object->size(),
 304            "Out of bounds copying");
 305 
 306     if (next_reference_bit > unfinished_bit) {
 307       // Primitive bytes available
 308       size_t primitive_elements = next_reference_bit - unfinished_bit;
 309       size_t primitive_bytes = primitive_elements * sizeof(RawElementT);
 310       ::memcpy(heap_payload_addr, archive_payload_addr, primitive_bytes);
 311 
 312       unfinished_bit = next_reference_bit;
 313     } else {
 314       // Encountered reference
 315       RawElementT* archive_p = (RawElementT*)archive_payload_addr;
 316       OopElementT* heap_p = (OopElementT*)heap_payload_addr;
 317       int pointee_object_index = (int)*archive_p;
 318       int heap_p_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((address)heap_p, cast_from_oop<address>(heap_object));
 319 
 320       // The object index is retrieved from the archive, not the heap object. This is
 321       // important after GC is enabled. Concurrent GC threads may scan references in the
 322       // heap for various reasons after this point. Therefore, it is not okay to first copy
 323       // the object index from a reference location in the archived object payload to a
 324       // corresponding location in the heap object payload, and then fix it up afterwards to
 325       // refer to a heap object. This is why this code iterates carefully over object references
 326       // in the archived object, linking them one by one, without clobbering the reference
 327       // locations in the heap objects with anything other than transitions from null to the
 328       // intended linked object.
 329       oop obj = linker(heap_p_offset, pointee_object_index);
 330       if (obj != nullptr) {
 331         heap_object->obj_field_put(heap_p_offset, obj);
 332       }
 333 
 334       unfinished_bit++;
 335       next_reference_bit = _oopmap.find_first_set_bit(unfinished_bit, end_bit);
 336     }
 337   }
 338 }
 339 
 340 template <bool use_coops, typename LinkerT>
 341 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::copy_object_impl(oopDesc* archive_object,
 342                                              oop heap_object,
 343                                              size_t size,
 344                                              LinkerT linker) {
 345   if (!_allow_gc) {
 346     // Without concurrent GC running, we can copy incorrect object references
 347     // and metadata references into the heap object and then fix them up in-place.
 348     size_t offset = 1;
 349     size_t payload_size = size - offset;
 350     HeapWord* archive_start = ((HeapWord*)archive_object);
 351     HeapWord* heap_start = cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(heap_object);
 352 
 353     Copy::disjoint_words(archive_start + offset, heap_start + offset, payload_size);
 354 
 355     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 356       // The copying might have missed the first 4 bytes of payload/arraylength, copy that also.
 357       *(reinterpret_cast<jint*>(heap_start) + 1) = *(reinterpret_cast<jint*>(archive_start) + 1);
 358     }
 359 
 360     // In-place linking fixes up object indices from references of the heap object,
 361     // and patches them up to refer to objects. This can be done because we just copied
 362     // the payload of the object from the archive to the heap object, including the
 363     // reference object indices. However, this is only okay to do before the GC can run.
 364     // A concurrent GC thread might racingly read the object payload after GC is enabled.
 365     InPlaceLinkingOopClosure cl(heap_object, linker);
 366     heap_object->oop_iterate(&cl);
 367     HeapShared::remap_loaded_metadata(heap_object);
 368     return;
 369   }
 370 
 371   // When a concurrent GC may be running, we take care not to copy incorrect oops,
 372   // narrowOops or Metadata* into the heap objects. Transitions go from 0 to the
 373   // intended runtime linked values only.
 374   size_t word_scale = use_coops ? 2 : 1;
 375   using RawElementT = std::conditional_t<use_coops, int32_t, int64_t>;
 376 
 377   // Skip the markWord; it is set at allocation time
 378   size_t header_size = (UseCompactObjectHeaders && use_coops) ? 1 : word_scale;
 379 
 380   size_t buffer_offset = buffer_offset_for_archive_object(archive_object);
 381   const BitMap::idx_t header_bit = obj_bit_idx_for_buffer_offset<use_coops>(buffer_offset);
 382   const BitMap::idx_t start_bit = header_bit + header_size;
 383   const BitMap::idx_t end_bit = header_bit + size * word_scale;
 384 
 385   BitMap::idx_t curr_bit = start_bit;
 386 
 387   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && !use_coops) {
 388     // Copy first 4 primitive bytes.
 389     jint* archive_start = reinterpret_cast<jint*>(archive_object);
 390     HeapWord* heap_start = cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(heap_object);
 391     *(reinterpret_cast<jint*>(heap_start) + 1) = *(archive_start + 1);
 392   }
 393 
 394   // We are a bit paranoid about GC or other safepointing operations observing
 395   // shady metadata fields from the archive that do not point at real metadata.
 396   // We deal with this by explicitly reading the requested address from the
 397   // archive and fixing it to real Metadata before writing it into the heap object.
 398   HeapShared::do_metadata_offsets(heap_object, [&](int metadata_offset) {
 399     BitMap::idx_t metadata_field_idx = header_bit + (size_t)metadata_offset / sizeof(RawElementT);
 400     BitMap::idx_t skip = word_scale;
 401     assert(metadata_field_idx >= start_bit && metadata_field_idx + skip <= end_bit,
 402            "Metadata field out of bounds");
 403 
 404     // Copy payload before metadata field
 405     copy_payload_carefully<use_coops>(archive_object,
 406                                       heap_object,
 407                                       header_bit,
 408                                       curr_bit,
 409                                       metadata_field_idx,
 410                                       linker);
 411 
 412     // Copy metadata field
 413     Metadata* const archive_metadata = *(Metadata**)(uintptr_t(archive_object) + (size_t)metadata_offset);
 414     Metadata* const runtime_metadata = archive_metadata != nullptr
 415         ? (Metadata*)(address(archive_metadata) + AOTMetaspace::relocation_delta())
 416         : nullptr;
 417     assert(runtime_metadata == nullptr || AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache(runtime_metadata), "Invalid metadata pointer");
 418     DEBUG_ONLY(Metadata* const previous_metadata = heap_object->metadata_field(metadata_offset);)
 419     assert(previous_metadata == nullptr || previous_metadata == runtime_metadata, "Should not observe transient values");
 420     heap_object->metadata_field_put(metadata_offset, runtime_metadata);
 421     curr_bit = metadata_field_idx + skip;
 422   });
 423 
 424   // Copy trailing metadata after the last metadata word. This is usually doing
 425   // all the copying.
 426   copy_payload_carefully<use_coops>(archive_object,
 427                                     heap_object,
 428                                     header_bit,
 429                                     curr_bit,
 430                                     end_bit,
 431                                     linker);
 432 }
 433 
 434 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::copy_object_eager_linking(oopDesc* archive_object, oop heap_object, size_t size) {
 435   auto linker = [&](int p_offset, int pointee_object_index) {
 436     oop obj = AOTStreamedHeapLoader::heap_object_for_object_index(pointee_object_index);
 437     assert(pointee_object_index == 0 || obj != nullptr, "Eager object loading should only encounter already allocated links");
 438     return obj;
 439   };
 440   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 441     copy_object_impl<true>(archive_object, heap_object, size, linker);
 442   } else {
 443     copy_object_impl<false>(archive_object, heap_object, size, linker);
 444   }
 445 }
 446 
 447 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::copy_object_lazy_linking(int object_index,
 448                                                                           oopDesc* archive_object,
 449                                                                           oop heap_object,
 450                                                                           size_t size,
 451                                                                           Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared>& dfs_stack) {
 452   auto linker = [&](int p_offset, int pointee_object_index) {
 453     dfs_stack.push({pointee_object_index, object_index, p_offset});
 454 
 455     // The tracing linker is a bit lazy and mutates the reference fields in its traversal.
 456     // Returning null means don't link now.
 457     return oop(nullptr);
 458   };
 459   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 460     copy_object_impl<true>(archive_object, heap_object, size, linker);
 461   } else {
 462     copy_object_impl<false>(archive_object, heap_object, size, linker);
 463   }
 464 }
 465 
 466 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::materialize_object_inner(int object_index, Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared>& dfs_stack, TRAPS) {
 467   // Allocate object
 468   oopDesc* archive_object = archive_object_for_object_index(object_index);
 469   size_t size = archive_object_size(archive_object);
 470   markWord mark = archive_object->mark();
 471 
 472   // The markWord is marked if the object is a String and it should be interned,
 473   // make sure to unmark it before allocating memory for the object.
 474   bool string_intern = mark.is_marked();
 475   mark = mark.set_unmarked();
 476 
 477   oop heap_object;
 478 
 479   if (string_intern) {
 480     int value_object_index = archived_string_value_object_index(archive_object);
 481 
 482     // Materialize the value object.
 483     (void)materialize_object(value_object_index, dfs_stack, CHECK_NULL);
 484 
 485     // Allocate and link the string.
 486     heap_object = allocate_object(archive_object, mark, size, CHECK_NULL);
 487     copy_object_eager_linking(archive_object, heap_object, size);
 488 
 489     assert(java_lang_String::value(heap_object) == heap_object_for_object_index(value_object_index), "Linker should have linked this correctly");
 490 
 491     // Replace the string with interned string
 492     heap_object = StringTable::intern(heap_object, CHECK_NULL);
 493   } else {
 494     heap_object = allocate_object(archive_object, mark, size, CHECK_NULL);
 495 
 496     // Fill in object contents
 497     copy_object_lazy_linking(object_index, archive_object, heap_object, size, dfs_stack);
 498   }
 499 
 500   // Install forwarding
 501   set_heap_object_for_object_index(object_index, heap_object);
 502 
 503   return heap_object;
 504 }
 505 
 506 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::materialize_object(int object_index, Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared>& dfs_stack, TRAPS) {
 507   if (object_index <= _previous_batch_last_object_index) {
 508     // The transitive closure of this object has been materialized; no need to do anything
 509     return heap_object_for_object_index(object_index);
 510   }
 511 
 512   if (object_index <= _current_batch_last_object_index) {
 513     // The AOTThread is currently materializing this object and its transitive closure; only need to wait for it to complete
 514     _waiting_for_iterator = true;
 515     while (object_index > _previous_batch_last_object_index) {
 516       wait_for_iterator();
 517     }
 518     _waiting_for_iterator = false;
 519 
 520     // Notify the AOT thread if it is waiting for tracing to finish
 521     AOTHeapLoading_lock->notify_all();
 522     return heap_object_for_object_index(object_index);;
 523   }
 524 
 525   oop heap_object = heap_object_for_object_index(object_index);
 526   if (heap_object != nullptr) {
 527     // Already materialized by mutator
 528     return heap_object;
 529   }
 530 
 531   return materialize_object_inner(object_index, dfs_stack, THREAD);
 532 }
 533 
 534 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::drain_stack(Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared>& dfs_stack, TRAPS) {
 535   while (!dfs_stack.is_empty()) {
 536     AOTHeapTraversalEntry entry = dfs_stack.pop();
 537     int pointee_object_index = entry._pointee_object_index;
 538     oop pointee_heap_object = materialize_object(pointee_object_index, dfs_stack, CHECK);
 539     oop heap_object = heap_object_for_object_index(entry._base_object_index);
 540     if (_allow_gc) {
 541       heap_object->obj_field_put(entry._heap_field_offset_bytes, pointee_heap_object);
 542     } else {
 543       heap_object->obj_field_put_access<IS_DEST_UNINITIALIZED>(entry._heap_field_offset_bytes, pointee_heap_object);
 544     }
 545   }
 546 }
 547 
 548 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::materialize_object_transitive(int object_index, Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared>& dfs_stack, TRAPS) {
 549   assert_locked_or_safepoint(AOTHeapLoading_lock);
 550   while (_waiting_for_iterator) {
 551     wait_for_iterator();
 552   }
 553 
 554   auto handlized_materialize_object = [&](TRAPS) {
 555     oop obj = materialize_object(object_index, dfs_stack, CHECK_(Handle()));
 556     return Handle(THREAD, obj);
 557   };
 558 
 559   Handle result = handlized_materialize_object(CHECK_NULL);
 560   drain_stack(dfs_stack, CHECK_NULL);
 561 
 562   return result();
 563 }
 564 
 565 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::TracingObjectLoader::materialize_root(int root_index, Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared>& dfs_stack, TRAPS) {
 566   int root_object_index = object_index_for_root_index(root_index);
 567   oop root = materialize_object_transitive(root_object_index, dfs_stack, CHECK_NULL);
 568   install_root(root_index, root);
 569 
 570   return root;
 571 }
 572 
 573 int oop_handle_cmp(const void* left, const void* right) {
 574   oop* left_handle = *(oop**)left;
 575   oop* right_handle = *(oop**)right;
 576 
 577   if (right_handle > left_handle) {
 578     return -1;
 579   } else if (left_handle > right_handle) {
 580     return 1;
 581   }
 582 
 583   return 0;
 584 }
 585 
 586 // The range is inclusive
 587 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::IterativeObjectLoader::initialize_range(int first_object_index, int last_object_index, TRAPS) {
 588   for (int i = first_object_index; i <= last_object_index; ++i) {
 589     oopDesc* archive_object = archive_object_for_object_index(i);
 590     markWord mark = archive_object->mark();
 591     bool string_intern = mark.is_marked();
 592     if (string_intern) {
 593       int value_object_index = archived_string_value_object_index(archive_object);
 594       if (value_object_index == i + 1) {
 595         // Interned strings are eagerly materialized in the allocation phase, so there is
 596         // nothing else to do for interned strings here for the string nor its value array.
 597         i++;
 598       }
 599       continue;
 600     }
 601     size_t size = archive_object_size(archive_object);
 602     oop heap_object = heap_object_for_object_index(i);
 603     copy_object_eager_linking(archive_object, heap_object, size);
 604   }
 605 }
 606 
 607 // The range is inclusive
 608 size_t AOTStreamedHeapLoader::IterativeObjectLoader::materialize_range(int first_object_index, int last_object_index, TRAPS) {
 609   GrowableArrayCHeap<int, mtClassShared> lazy_object_indices(0);
 610   size_t materialized_words = 0;
 611 
 612   for (int i = first_object_index; i <= last_object_index; ++i) {
 613     oopDesc* archive_object = archive_object_for_object_index(i);
 614     markWord mark = archive_object->mark();
 615 
 616     // The markWord is marked if the object is a String and it should be interned,
 617     // make sure to unmark it before allocating memory for the object.
 618     bool string_intern = mark.is_marked();
 619     mark = mark.set_unmarked();
 620 
 621     size_t size = archive_object_size(archive_object);
 622     materialized_words += size;
 623 
 624     oop heap_object = heap_object_for_object_index(i);
 625     if (heap_object != nullptr) {
 626       // Lazy loading has already initialized the object; we must not mutate it
 627       lazy_object_indices.append(i);
 628       continue;
 629     }
 630 
 631     if (!string_intern) {
 632      // The normal case; no lazy loading have loaded the object yet
 633       heap_object = allocate_object(archive_object, mark, size, CHECK_0);
 634       set_heap_object_for_object_index(i, heap_object);
 635       continue;
 636     }
 637 
 638     // Eagerly materialize interned strings to ensure that objects earlier than the string
 639     // in a batch get linked to the intended interned string, and not a copy.
 640     int value_object_index = archived_string_value_object_index(archive_object);
 641 
 642     bool is_normal_interned_string = value_object_index == i + 1;
 643 
 644     if (value_object_index < first_object_index) {
 645       // If materialized in a previous batch, the value should already be allocated and initialized.
 646       assert(heap_object_for_object_index(value_object_index) != nullptr, "should be materialized");
 647     } else {
 648       // Materialize the value object.
 649       oopDesc* archive_value_object = archive_object_for_object_index(value_object_index);
 650       markWord value_mark = archive_value_object->mark();
 651       size_t value_size = archive_object_size(archive_value_object);
 652       oop value_heap_object;
 653 
 654       if (is_normal_interned_string) {
 655         // The common case: the value is next to the string. This happens when only the interned
 656         // string points to its value character array.
 657         assert(value_object_index <= last_object_index, "Must be within this batch: %d <= %d", value_object_index, last_object_index);
 658         value_heap_object = allocate_object(archive_value_object, value_mark, value_size, CHECK_0);
 659         set_heap_object_for_object_index(value_object_index, value_heap_object);
 660         materialized_words += value_size;
 661       } else {
 662         // In the uncommon case, multiple strings point to the value of an interned string.
 663         // The string can then be earlier in the batch.
 664         assert(value_object_index < i, "surprising index");
 665         value_heap_object = heap_object_for_object_index(value_object_index);
 666       }
 667 
 668       copy_object_eager_linking(archive_value_object, value_heap_object, value_size);
 669     }
 670     // Allocate and link the string.
 671     heap_object = allocate_object(archive_object, mark, size, CHECK_0);
 672     copy_object_eager_linking(archive_object, heap_object, size);
 673 
 674     assert(java_lang_String::value(heap_object) == heap_object_for_object_index(value_object_index), "Linker should have linked this correctly");
 675 
 676     // Replace the string with interned string
 677     heap_object = StringTable::intern(heap_object, CHECK_0);
 678     set_heap_object_for_object_index(i, heap_object);
 679 
 680     if (is_normal_interned_string) {
 681       // Skip over the string value, already materialized
 682       i++;
 683     }
 684   }
 685 
 686   if (lazy_object_indices.is_empty()) {
 687     // Normal case; no sprinkled lazy objects in the root subgraph
 688     initialize_range(first_object_index, last_object_index, CHECK_0);
 689   } else {
 690     // The user lazy initialized some objects that are already initialized; we have to initialize around them
 691     // to make sure they are not mutated.
 692     int previous_object_index = first_object_index - 1; // Exclusive start of initialization slice
 693     for (int i = 0; i < lazy_object_indices.length(); ++i) {
 694       int lazy_object_index = lazy_object_indices.at(i);
 695       int slice_start_object_index = previous_object_index;
 696       int slice_end_object_index = lazy_object_index;
 697 
 698       if (slice_end_object_index - slice_start_object_index > 1) { // Both markers are exclusive
 699         initialize_range(slice_start_object_index + 1, slice_end_object_index - 1, CHECK_0);
 700       }
 701       previous_object_index = lazy_object_index;
 702     }
 703     // Process tail range
 704     if (last_object_index - previous_object_index > 0) {
 705       initialize_range(previous_object_index + 1, last_object_index, CHECK_0);
 706     }
 707   }
 708 
 709   return materialized_words;
 710 }
 711 
 712 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::IterativeObjectLoader::has_more() {
 713   return _current_root_index < _num_roots;
 714 }
 715 
 716 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::IterativeObjectLoader::materialize_next_batch(TRAPS) {
 717   assert(has_more(), "only materialize if there is something to materialize");
 718 
 719   int min_batch_objects = 128;
 720   int from_root_index = _current_root_index;
 721   int max_to_root_index = _num_roots - 1;
 722   int until_root_index = from_root_index;
 723   int highest_object_index;
 724 
 725   // Expand the batch size from one root, to N roots until we cross 128 objects in total
 726   for (;;) {
 727     highest_object_index = highest_object_index_for_root_index(until_root_index);
 728     if (highest_object_index - _previous_batch_last_object_index >= min_batch_objects) {
 729       break;
 730     }
 731     if (until_root_index == max_to_root_index) {
 732       break;
 733     }
 734     until_root_index++;
 735   }
 736 
 737   oop root = nullptr;
 738 
 739   // Materialize objects of necessary, representing the transitive closure of the root
 740   if (highest_object_index > _previous_batch_last_object_index) {
 741     while (_swapping_root_format) {
 742       // When the roots are being upgraded to use handles, it is not safe to racingly
 743       // iterate over the object; we must wait. Setting the current batch last object index
 744       // to something other than the previous batch last object index indicates to the
 745       // root swapping that there is current iteration ongoing.
 746       AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
 747     }
 748     int first_object_index = _previous_batch_last_object_index + 1;
 749     _current_batch_last_object_index = highest_object_index;
 750     size_t allocated_words;
 751     {
 752       MutexUnlocker ml(AOTHeapLoading_lock, Mutex::_safepoint_check_flag);
 753       allocated_words = materialize_range(first_object_index, highest_object_index, CHECK);
 754     }
 755     _allocated_words += allocated_words;
 756     _previous_batch_last_object_index = _current_batch_last_object_index;
 757     if (_waiting_for_iterator) {
 758       // If tracer is waiting, let it know at the next point of unlocking that the root
 759       // set it waited for has been processed now.
 760       AOTHeapLoading_lock->notify_all();
 761     }
 762   }
 763 
 764   // Install the root
 765   for (int i = from_root_index; i <= until_root_index; ++i) {
 766     int root_object_index = object_index_for_root_index(i);
 767     root = heap_object_for_object_index(root_object_index);
 768     install_root(i, root);
 769     ++_current_root_index;
 770   }
 771 }
 772 
 773 bool AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_early(TRAPS) {
 774   Ticks start = Ticks::now();
 775 
 776   // Only help with early materialization from the AOT thread if the heap archive can be allocated
 777   // without the need for a GC. Otherwise, do lazy loading until GC is enabled later in the bootstrapping.
 778   size_t bootstrap_max_memory = Universe::heap()->bootstrap_max_memory();
 779   size_t bootstrap_min_memory = MAX2(_heap_region_used, 2 * M);
 780 
 781   size_t before_gc_materialize_budget_bytes = (bootstrap_max_memory > bootstrap_min_memory) ? bootstrap_max_memory - bootstrap_min_memory : 0;
 782   size_t before_gc_materialize_budget_words = before_gc_materialize_budget_bytes / HeapWordSize;
 783 
 784   log_info(aot, heap)("Max bootstrapping memory: %zuM, min bootstrapping memory: %zuM, selected budget: %zuM",
 785                       bootstrap_max_memory / M, bootstrap_min_memory / M, before_gc_materialize_budget_bytes / M);
 786 
 787   while (IterativeObjectLoader::has_more()) {
 788     if (_allow_gc || _allocated_words > before_gc_materialize_budget_words) {
 789       log_info(aot, heap)("Early object materialization interrupted at root %d", _current_root_index);
 790       break;
 791     }
 792 
 793     IterativeObjectLoader::materialize_next_batch(CHECK_false);
 794   }
 795 
 796   _early_materialization_time_ns = (Ticks::now() - start).nanoseconds();
 797 
 798   bool finished_before_gc_allowed = !_allow_gc && !IterativeObjectLoader::has_more();
 799 
 800   return finished_before_gc_allowed;
 801 }
 802 
 803 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_late(TRAPS) {
 804   Ticks start = Ticks::now();
 805 
 806   // Continue materializing with GC allowed
 807 
 808   while (IterativeObjectLoader::has_more()) {
 809     IterativeObjectLoader::materialize_next_batch(CHECK);
 810   }
 811 
 812   _late_materialization_time_ns = (Ticks::now() - start).nanoseconds();
 813 }
 814 
 815 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::cleanup() {
 816   // First ensure there is no concurrent tracing going on
 817   while (_waiting_for_iterator) {
 818     AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
 819   }
 820 
 821   Ticks start = Ticks::now();
 822 
 823   // Remove OopStorage roots
 824   if (_objects_are_handles) {
 825     size_t num_handles = _num_archived_objects;
 826     // Skip the null entry
 827     oop** handles = ((oop**)_object_index_to_heap_object_table) + 1;
 828     // Sort the handles so that oop storage can release them faster
 829     qsort(handles, num_handles, sizeof(oop*), (int (*)(const void*, const void*))oop_handle_cmp);
 830     size_t num_null_handles = 0;
 831     for (size_t handles_remaining = num_handles; handles_remaining != 0; --handles_remaining) {
 832       oop* handle = handles[handles_remaining - 1];
 833       if (handle == nullptr) {
 834         num_null_handles = handles_remaining;
 835         break;
 836       }
 837       NativeAccess<>::oop_store(handle, nullptr);
 838     }
 839     Universe::vm_global()->release(&handles[num_null_handles], num_handles - num_null_handles);
 840   }
 841 
 842   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(_object_index_to_heap_object_table);
 843 
 844   // Unmap regions
 845   FileMapInfo::current_info()->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::hp);
 846   FileMapInfo::current_info()->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 847 
 848   _cleanup_materialization_time_ns = (Ticks::now() - start).nanoseconds();
 849 
 850   log_statistics();
 851 }
 852 
 853 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::log_statistics() {
 854   uint64_t total_duration_us = (Ticks::now() - _materialization_start_ticks).microseconds();
 855   const bool is_async = _loading_all_objects && !AOTEagerlyLoadObjects;
 856   const char* const async_or_sync = is_async ? "async" : "sync";
 857   log_info(aot, heap)("start to finish materialization time: " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 858                       total_duration_us);
 859   log_info(aot, heap)("early object materialization time (%s): " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 860                       async_or_sync, _early_materialization_time_ns / 1000);
 861   log_info(aot, heap)("late object materialization time (%s): " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 862                       async_or_sync, _late_materialization_time_ns / 1000);
 863   log_info(aot, heap)("object materialization cleanup time (%s): " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 864                       async_or_sync, _cleanup_materialization_time_ns / 1000);
 865   log_info(aot, heap)("final object materialization time stall (sync): " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 866                       _final_materialization_time_ns / 1000);
 867   log_info(aot, heap)("bootstrapping lazy materialization time (sync): " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 868                       _accumulated_lazy_materialization_time_ns / 1000);
 869 
 870   uint64_t sync_time = _final_materialization_time_ns + _accumulated_lazy_materialization_time_ns;
 871   uint64_t async_time = _early_materialization_time_ns + _late_materialization_time_ns + _cleanup_materialization_time_ns;
 872 
 873   if (!is_async) {
 874     sync_time += async_time;
 875     async_time = 0;
 876   }
 877 
 878   log_info(aot, heap)("sync materialization time: " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 879                       sync_time / 1000);
 880 
 881   log_info(aot, heap)("async materialization time: " UINT64_FORMAT "us",
 882                       async_time / 1000);
 883 
 884   uint64_t iterative_time = (uint64_t)(is_async ? async_time : sync_time);
 885   uint64_t materialized_bytes = _allocated_words * HeapWordSize;
 886   log_info(aot, heap)("%s materialized " UINT64_FORMAT "K (" UINT64_FORMAT "M/s)", async_or_sync,
 887                       materialized_bytes / 1024, uint64_t(materialized_bytes * UCONST64(1'000'000'000) / M / iterative_time));
 888 }
 889 
 890 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_objects() {
 891   // We cannot handle any exception when materializing roots. Exits the VM.
 892   EXCEPTION_MARK
 893 
 894   // Objects are laid out in DFS order; DFS traverse the roots by linearly walking all objects
 895   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 896 
 897   // Early materialization with a budget before GC is allowed
 898   MutexLocker ml(AOTHeapLoading_lock, Mutex::_safepoint_check_flag);
 899 
 900   materialize_early(CHECK);
 901   await_gc_enabled();
 902   materialize_late(CHECK);
 903   // Notify materialization is done
 904   AOTHeapLoading_lock->notify_all();
 905   cleanup();
 906 }
 907 
 908 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::switch_object_index_to_handle(int object_index) {
 909   oop heap_object = cast_to_oop(_object_index_to_heap_object_table[object_index]);
 910   if (heap_object == nullptr) {
 911     return;
 912   }
 913 
 914   oop* handle = Universe::vm_global()->allocate();
 915   NativeAccess<>::oop_store(handle, heap_object);
 916   _object_index_to_heap_object_table[object_index] = handle;
 917 }
 918 
 919 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::enable_gc() {
 920   if (AOTEagerlyLoadObjects && !IterativeObjectLoader::has_more()) {
 921     // Everything was loaded eagerly at early startup
 922     return;
 923   }
 924 
 925   // We cannot handle any exception when materializing roots. Exits the VM.
 926   EXCEPTION_MARK
 927 
 928   MutexLocker ml(AOTHeapLoading_lock, Mutex::_safepoint_check_flag);
 929 
 930   // First wait until no tracing is active
 931   while (_waiting_for_iterator) {
 932     AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
 933   }
 934 
 935   // Lock further tracing from starting
 936   _waiting_for_iterator = true;
 937 
 938   // Record iterator progress
 939   int num_handles = (int)_num_archived_objects;
 940 
 941   // Lock further iteration from starting
 942   _swapping_root_format = true;
 943 
 944   // Then wait for the iterator to stop
 945   while (_previous_batch_last_object_index != _current_batch_last_object_index) {
 946     AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
 947   }
 948 
 949   if (IterativeObjectLoader::has_more()) {
 950     // If there is more to be materialized, we have to upgrade the object index
 951     // to object mapping to use handles. If there isn't more to materialize, the
 952     // handle will no longer e used; they are only used to materialize objects.
 953 
 954     for (int i = 1; i <= num_handles; ++i) {
 955       // Upgrade the roots to use handles
 956       switch_object_index_to_handle(i);
 957     }
 958 
 959     // From now on, accessing the object table must be done through a handle.
 960     _objects_are_handles = true;
 961   }
 962 
 963   // Unlock tracing
 964   _waiting_for_iterator = false;
 965 
 966   // Unlock iteration
 967   _swapping_root_format = false;
 968 
 969   _allow_gc = true;
 970 
 971   AOTHeapLoading_lock->notify_all();
 972 
 973   if (AOTEagerlyLoadObjects && IterativeObjectLoader::has_more()) {
 974     materialize_late(CHECK);
 975     cleanup();
 976   }
 977 }
 978 
 979 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_thread_object() {
 980   AOTThread::materialize_thread_object();
 981 }
 982 
 983 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_materialize_objects() {
 984   Ticks start = Ticks::now();
 985 
 986   if (_loading_all_objects) {
 987     MutexLocker ml(AOTHeapLoading_lock, Mutex::_safepoint_check_flag);
 988     // Wait for the AOT thread to finish
 989     while (IterativeObjectLoader::has_more()) {
 990       AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
 991     }
 992   } else {
 993     assert(!AOTEagerlyLoadObjects, "sanity");
 994     assert(_current_root_index == 0, "sanity");
 995     // Without the full module graph we have done only lazy tracing materialization.
 996     // Ensure all roots are processed here by triggering root loading on every root.
 997     for (int i = 0; i < _num_roots; ++i) {
 998       get_root(i);
 999     }
1000     cleanup();
1001   }
1002 
1003   _final_materialization_time_ns = (Ticks::now() - start).nanoseconds();
1004 }
1005 
1006 void account_lazy_materialization_time_ns(uint64_t time, const char* description, int index) {
1007   AtomicAccess::add(&_accumulated_lazy_materialization_time_ns, time);
1008   log_debug(aot, heap)("Lazy materialization of %s: %d end (" UINT64_FORMAT " us of " UINT64_FORMAT " us)", description, index, time / 1000, _accumulated_lazy_materialization_time_ns / 1000);
1009 }
1010 
1011 // Initialize an empty array of AOT heap roots; materialize them lazily
1012 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::initialize() {
1013   EXCEPTION_MARK
1014 
1015   _materialization_start_ticks = Ticks::now();
1016 
1017   FileMapInfo::current_info()->map_bitmap_region();
1018 
1019   _heap_region = FileMapInfo::current_info()->region_at(AOTMetaspace::hp);
1020   _bitmap_region = FileMapInfo::current_info()->region_at(AOTMetaspace::bm);
1021 
1022   assert(_heap_region->used() > 0, "empty heap archive?");
1023 
1024   _is_in_use = true;
1025 
1026   // archived roots are at this offset in the stream.
1027   size_t roots_offset = FileMapInfo::current_info()->streamed_heap()->roots_offset();
1028   size_t forwarding_offset = FileMapInfo::current_info()->streamed_heap()->forwarding_offset();
1029   size_t root_highest_object_index_table_offset = FileMapInfo::current_info()->streamed_heap()->root_highest_object_index_table_offset();
1030   _num_archived_objects = FileMapInfo::current_info()->streamed_heap()->num_archived_objects();
1031 
1032   // The first int is the length of the array
1033   _roots_archive = ((int*)(((address)_heap_region->mapped_base()) + roots_offset)) + 1;
1034   _num_roots = _roots_archive[-1];
1035   _heap_region_used = _heap_region->used();
1036 
1037   // We can't retire a TLAB until the filler klass is set; set it to the archived object klass.
1038   CollectedHeap::set_filler_object_klass(vmClasses::Object_klass());
1039 
1040   objArrayOop roots = oopFactory::new_objectArray(_num_roots, CHECK);
1041   _roots = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), roots);
1042 
1043   _object_index_to_buffer_offset_table = (size_t*)(((address)_heap_region->mapped_base()) + forwarding_offset);
1044   // We allocate the first entry for "null"
1045   _object_index_to_heap_object_table = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(void*, _num_archived_objects + 1, mtClassShared);
1046   Copy::zero_to_bytes(_object_index_to_heap_object_table, (_num_archived_objects + 1) * sizeof(void*));
1047 
1048   _root_highest_object_index_table = (int*)(((address)_heap_region->mapped_base()) + root_highest_object_index_table_offset);
1049 
1050   address start = (address)(_bitmap_region->mapped_base()) + _heap_region->oopmap_offset();
1051   _oopmap = BitMapView((BitMap::bm_word_t*)start, _heap_region->oopmap_size_in_bits());
1052 
1053 
1054   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AOTEagerlyLoadObjects)) {
1055     // Concurrency will not help much if there are no extra cores available.
1056     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTEagerlyLoadObjects, os::initial_active_processor_count() <= 1);
1057   }
1058 
1059   // If the full module graph is not available or the JVMTI class file load hook is on, we
1060   // will prune the object graph to not include cached objects in subgraphs that are not intended
1061   // to be loaded.
1062   _loading_all_objects = CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph() && !JvmtiExport::should_post_class_file_load_hook();
1063   if (!_loading_all_objects) {
1064     // When not using FMG, fall back to tracing materialization
1065     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTEagerlyLoadObjects, false);
1066     return;
1067   }
1068 
1069   if (AOTEagerlyLoadObjects) {
1070     // Objects are laid out in DFS order; DFS traverse the roots by linearly walking all objects
1071     HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1072 
1073     // Early materialization with a budget before GC is allowed
1074     MutexLocker ml(AOTHeapLoading_lock, Mutex::_safepoint_check_flag);
1075 
1076     bool finished_before_gc_allowed = materialize_early(CHECK);
1077     if (finished_before_gc_allowed) {
1078       cleanup();
1079     }
1080   } else {
1081     AOTThread::initialize();
1082   }
1083 }
1084 
1085 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_root(int root_index) {
1086   Ticks start = Ticks::now();
1087   // We cannot handle any exception when materializing a root. Exits the VM.
1088   EXCEPTION_MARK
1089   Stack<AOTHeapTraversalEntry, mtClassShared> dfs_stack;
1090   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1091 
1092   oop result;
1093   {
1094     MutexLocker ml(AOTHeapLoading_lock, Mutex::_safepoint_check_flag);
1095 
1096     oop root = objArrayOop(_roots.resolve())->obj_at(root_index);
1097 
1098     if (root != nullptr) {
1099       // The root has already been materialized
1100       result = root;
1101     } else {
1102       // The root has not been materialized, start tracing materialization
1103       result = TracingObjectLoader::materialize_root(root_index, dfs_stack, CHECK_NULL);
1104     }
1105   }
1106 
1107   uint64_t duration = (Ticks::now() - start).nanoseconds();
1108 
1109   account_lazy_materialization_time_ns(duration, "root", root_index);
1110 
1111   return result;
1112 }
1113 
1114 oop AOTStreamedHeapLoader::get_root(int index) {
1115   oop result = objArrayOop(_roots.resolve())->obj_at(index);
1116   if (result == nullptr) {
1117     // Materialize root
1118     result = materialize_root(index);
1119   }
1120   if (result == _roots.resolve()) {
1121     // A self-reference to the roots array acts as a sentinel object for null,
1122     // indicating that the root has been cleared.
1123     result = nullptr;
1124   }
1125   // Acquire the root transitive object payload
1126   OrderAccess::acquire();
1127   return result;
1128 }
1129 
1130 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::clear_root(int index) {
1131   // Self-reference to the roots array acts as a sentinel object for null,
1132   // indicating that the root has been cleared.
1133   objArrayOop(_roots.resolve())->obj_at_put(index, _roots.resolve());
1134 }
1135 
1136 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::await_gc_enabled() {
1137   while (!_allow_gc) {
1138     AOTHeapLoading_lock->wait();
1139   }
1140 }
1141 
1142 void AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo) {
1143   static_mapinfo->stream_heap_region();
1144 }
1145 
1146 AOTMapLogger::OopDataIterator* AOTStreamedHeapLoader::oop_iterator(FileMapInfo* info, address buffer_start, address buffer_end) {
1147   class StreamedLoaderOopIterator : public AOTStreamedHeapOopIterator {
1148   public:
1149     StreamedLoaderOopIterator(address buffer_start,
1150                               int num_archived_objects)
1151       : AOTStreamedHeapOopIterator(buffer_start, num_archived_objects) {}
1152 
1153     AOTMapLogger::OopData capture(int dfs_index) override {
1154       size_t buffered_offset = buffer_offset_for_object_index(dfs_index);
1155       address buffered_addr = _buffer_start + buffered_offset;
1156       oopDesc* raw_oop = (oopDesc*)buffered_addr;
1157       size_t size = archive_object_size(raw_oop);
1158 
1159       intptr_t target_location = (intptr_t)buffered_offset;
1160       uint32_t narrow_location = checked_cast<uint32_t>(dfs_index);
1161       Klass* klass = raw_oop->klass();
1162 
1163       address requested_addr = (address)buffered_offset;
1164 
1165       return { buffered_addr,
1166                requested_addr,
1167                target_location,
1168                narrow_location,
1169                raw_oop,
1170                klass,
1171                size,
1172                false };
1173     }
1174 
1175     GrowableArrayCHeap<AOTMapLogger::OopData, mtClass>* roots() override {
1176       GrowableArrayCHeap<AOTMapLogger::OopData, mtClass>* result = new GrowableArrayCHeap<AOTMapLogger::OopData, mtClass>();
1177 
1178       for (int i = 0; i < _num_roots; ++i) {
1179         int object_index = object_index_for_root_index(i);
1180         result->append(capture(object_index));
1181       }
1182 
1183       return result;
1184     }
1185   };
1186 
1187   assert(_is_in_use, "printing before initializing?");
1188 
1189   return new StreamedLoaderOopIterator(buffer_start, (int)info->streamed_heap()->num_archived_objects());
1190 }
1191 
1192 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP