1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotCompressedPointers.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotOopChecker.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapLoader.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapWriter.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/cdsEnumKlass.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/cdsHeapVerifier.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
  45 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  46 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  48 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  49 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  53 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  57 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  58 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  59 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  61 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  78 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
  79 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
  80 #endif
  81 
  82 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  83 
  84 struct ArchivableStaticFieldInfo {
  85   const char* klass_name;
  86   const char* field_name;
  87   InstanceKlass* klass;
  88   int offset;
  89   BasicType type;
  90 
  91   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo(const char* k, const char* f)
  92   : klass_name(k), field_name(f), klass(nullptr), offset(0), type(T_ILLEGAL) {}
  93 
  94   bool valid() {
  95     return klass_name != nullptr;
  96   }
  97 };
  98 
  99 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_load_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 100 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_write_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 101 
 102 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_count[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 103 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_size[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 104 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_count;
 105 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_size;
 106 
 107 #ifndef PRODUCT
 108 #define ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME "archivedObjects"
 109 static Array<char>* _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = nullptr;
 110 static const char* _test_class_name = nullptr;
 111 static Klass* _test_class = nullptr;
 112 static const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* _test_class_record = nullptr;
 113 #endif
 114 
 115 #ifdef ASSERT
 116 // All classes that have at least one instance in the cached heap.
 117 static ArchivableKlassTable* _dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops = nullptr;
 118 static Array<Klass*>* _runtime_classes_with_cached_oops = nullptr;
 119 #endif
 120 
 121 //
 122 // If you add new entries to the following tables, you should know what you're doing!
 123 //
 124 
 125 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 126   {"java/lang/Integer$IntegerCache",              "archivedCache"},
 127   {"java/lang/Long$LongCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 128   {"java/lang/Byte$ByteCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 129   {"java/lang/Short$ShortCache",                  "archivedCache"},
 130   {"java/lang/Character$CharacterCache",          "archivedCache"},
 131   {"java/util/jar/Attributes$Name",               "KNOWN_NAMES"},
 132   {"sun/util/locale/BaseLocale",                  "constantBaseLocales"},
 133   {"jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph",     "archivedModuleGraph"},
 134   {"java/util/ImmutableCollections",              "archivedObjects"},
 135   {"java/lang/ModuleLayer",                       "EMPTY_LAYER"},
 136   {"java/lang/module/Configuration",              "EMPTY_CONFIGURATION"},
 137   {"jdk/internal/math/FDBigInteger",              "archivedCaches"},
 138 
 139   // full module graph support
 140   {"jdk/internal/loader/ArchivedClassLoaders",    "archivedClassLoaders"},
 141   {ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS,                     ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD},
 142   {"java/lang/Module$ArchivedData",               "archivedData"},
 143 
 144 #ifndef PRODUCT
 145   {nullptr, nullptr}, // Extra slot for -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
 146 #endif
 147   {nullptr, nullptr},
 148 };
 149 
 150 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::_dump_time_special_subgraph;
 151 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::_run_time_special_subgraph;
 152 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* HeapShared::_pending_roots = nullptr;
 153 OopHandle HeapShared::_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
 154 MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable* HeapShared::_scratch_objects_table = nullptr;
 155 
 156 static bool is_subgraph_root_class_of(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[], InstanceKlass* ik) {
 157   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
 158     if (fields[i].klass == ik) {
 159       return true;
 160     }
 161   }
 162   return false;
 163 }
 164 
 165 bool HeapShared::is_subgraph_root_class(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 166   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 167   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
 168     // Legacy CDS archive support (to be deprecated)
 169     return is_subgraph_root_class_of(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik);
 170   } else {
 171     return false;
 172   }
 173 }
 174 
 175 oop HeapShared::CachedOopInfo::orig_referrer() const {
 176   return _orig_referrer.resolve();
 177 }
 178 
 179 // This is a simple hashing of the oop's address. This function is used
 180 // while copying the oops into the AOT heap region. We don't want to
 181 // have any side effects during the copying, so we avoid calling
 182 // p->identity_hash() which can update the object header.
 183 unsigned HeapShared::oop_address_hash(oop const& p) {
 184   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() ||
 185          JavaThread::current()->is_in_no_safepoint_scope(), "sanity");
 186   return primitive_hash(cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(p));
 187 }
 188 
 189 // About the hashcode in the cached objects:
 190 // - If a source object has a hashcode, it must be copied into the cache.
 191 //   That's because some cached hashtables are laid out using this hashcode.
 192 // - If a source object doesn't have a hashcode, we avoid computing it while
 193 //   copying the objects into the cache. This will allow the hashcode to be
 194 //   dynamically and randomly computed in each production, which generally
 195 //   desirable to make the hashcodes more random between runs.
 196 unsigned HeapShared::archived_object_cache_hash(OopHandle const& oh) {
 197   oop o = oh.resolve();
 198   if (o == nullptr) {
 199     return 0;
 200   }
 201   if (!_use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache) {
 202     // This is called while we are copying the objects. Don't call o->identity_hash()
 203     // as that will update the object header.
 204     return oop_address_hash(o);
 205   } else {
 206     // This is called after all objects are copied. It's OK to update
 207     // the object's hashcode.
 208     //
 209     // This may be called after we have left the AOT dumping safepoint.
 210     // Objects in archived_object_cache() may be moved by the GC, so we
 211     // can't use the address of o for computing the hash.
 212     return o->identity_hash();
 213   }
 214 }
 215 
 216 bool HeapShared::oop_handle_equals(const OopHandle& a, const OopHandle& b) {
 217   return a.resolve() == b.resolve();
 218 }
 219 
 220 static void reset_states(oop obj, TRAPS) {
 221   Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
 222   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(obj->klass());
 223   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
 224   Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
 225 
 226   while (klass != nullptr) {
 227     Method* method = klass->find_method(method_name, method_sig);
 228     if (method != nullptr) {
 229       assert(method->is_private(), "must be");
 230       if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot)) {
 231         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 232         log_debug(aot)("  calling %s", method->name_and_sig_as_C_string());
 233       }
 234       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 235       JavaCalls::call_special(&result, h_obj, klass,
 236                               method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
 237     }
 238     klass = klass->super();
 239   }
 240 }
 241 
 242 void HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(TRAPS) {
 243   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 244   log_debug(aot)("Resetting platform loader");
 245   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader(), CHECK);
 246   log_debug(aot)("Resetting system loader");
 247   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_system_loader(), CHECK);
 248 
 249   // Clean up jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders::bootLoader(), which is not
 250   // directly used for class loading, but rather is used by the core library
 251   // to keep track of resources, etc, loaded by the null class loader.
 252   //
 253   // Note, this object is non-null, and is not the same as
 254   // ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->class_loader(),
 255   // which is null.
 256   log_debug(aot)("Resetting boot loader");
 257   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
 258   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 259                          vmClasses::jdk_internal_loader_ClassLoaders_klass(),
 260                          vmSymbols::bootLoader_name(),
 261                          vmSymbols::void_BuiltinClassLoader_signature(),
 262                          CHECK);
 263   Handle boot_loader(THREAD, result.get_oop());
 264   reset_states(boot_loader(), CHECK);
 265 }
 266 
 267 void HeapShared::ensure_determinism(TRAPS) {
 268   TempNewSymbol class_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("jdk/internal/util/WeakReferenceKey");
 269   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("ensureDeterministicAOTCache");
 270 
 271   Klass* weak_ref_key_class = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(class_name, true, CHECK);
 272   precond(weak_ref_key_class != nullptr);
 273 
 274   log_debug(aot)("Calling WeakReferenceKey::ensureDeterministicAOTCache(Object.class)");
 275   JavaValue result(T_BOOLEAN);
 276   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 277                          weak_ref_key_class,
 278                          method_name,
 279                          vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(),
 280                          CHECK);
 281   assert(result.get_jboolean() == false, "sanity");
 282 }
 283 
 284 void HeapShared::prepare_for_archiving(TRAPS) {
 285   reset_archived_object_states(CHECK);
 286   ensure_determinism(CHECK);
 287 }
 288 
 289 HeapShared::ArchivedObjectCache* HeapShared::_archived_object_cache = nullptr;
 290 
 291 // Controls the hashing method for the _archived_object_cache.
 292 // Changes from false to true once, after all objects are copied,
 293 // inside make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe().
 294 // See archived_object_cache_hash() for more details.
 295 bool HeapShared::_use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache = false;
 296 
 297 bool HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() {
 298   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 299     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 300       return AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 301     } else {
 302       return AOTMappedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 303     }
 304   }
 305 
 306   return false;
 307 }
 308 
 309 bool HeapShared::can_use_archived_heap() {
 310   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 311   if (static_mapinfo == nullptr) {
 312     return false;
 313   }
 314   if (!static_mapinfo->has_heap_region()) {
 315     return false;
 316   }
 317   if (!static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode() &&
 318       !Universe::heap()->can_load_archived_objects() &&
 319       !UseG1GC) {
 320     // Incompatible object format
 321     return false;
 322   }
 323 
 324   return true;
 325 }
 326 
 327 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
 328   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 329     return false;
 330   } else {
 331     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size);
 332   }
 333 }
 334 
 335 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(oop obj) {
 336   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 337     return false;
 338   } else {
 339     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(obj);
 340   }
 341 }
 342 
 343 bool HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
 344   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
 345   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
 346 }
 347 
 348 void HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode mode) {
 349   assert(_heap_load_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already set?");
 350   assert(mode != HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "sanity");
 351   _heap_load_mode = mode;
 352 };
 353 
 354 void HeapShared::initialize_writing_mode() {
 355   assert(!FLAG_IS_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects), "Should not have been ergonomically set yet");
 356 
 357   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 358     // We use FLAG_IS_CMDLINE below because we are specifically looking to warn
 359     // a user that explicitly sets the flag on the command line for a JVM that is
 360     // not dumping an archive.
 361     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 362       log_warning(cds)("-XX:%cAOTStreamableObjects was specified, "
 363                        "AOTStreamableObjects is only used for writing "
 364                        "the AOT cache.",
 365                        AOTStreamableObjects ? '+' : '-');
 366     }
 367   }
 368 
 369   // The below checks use !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT instead of FLAG_IS_CMDLINE
 370   // because the one step AOT cache creation transfers the AOTStreamableObjects
 371   // flag value from the training JVM to the assembly JVM using an environment
 372   // variable that sets the flag as ERGO in the assembly JVM.
 373   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 374     // By default, the value of AOTStreamableObjects should match !UseCompressedOops.
 375     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects, !UseCompressedOops);
 376   } else if (!AOTStreamableObjects && UseZGC) {
 377     // Never write mapped heap with ZGC
 378     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 379       log_warning(cds)("Heap archiving without streaming not supported for -XX:+UseZGC");
 380     }
 381     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects, true);
 382   }
 383 
 384   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 385     // Select default mode
 386     assert(_heap_write_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already initialized?");
 387     _heap_write_mode = AOTStreamableObjects ? HeapArchiveMode::_streaming : HeapArchiveMode::_mapping;
 388   }
 389 }
 390 
 391 void HeapShared::initialize_streaming() {
 392   assert(is_loading_streaming_mode(), "shouldn't call this");
 393   if (can_use_archived_heap()) {
 394     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::initialize();
 395   }
 396 }
 397 
 398 void HeapShared::enable_gc() {
 399 #ifdef ASSERT
 400   // At this point, a GC may start and will be able to see some or all
 401   // of the cached oops. The class of each oop seen by the GC must have
 402   // already been loaded. One function with such a requirement is
 403   // ClaimMetadataVisitingOopIterateClosure::do_klass().
 404   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 405     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _runtime_classes_with_cached_oops;
 406 
 407     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
 408       assert(klasses->at(i)->class_loader_data() != nullptr,
 409              "class of cached oop must have been loaded");
 410     }
 411   }
 412 #endif
 413 
 414   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 415     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::enable_gc();
 416   }
 417 }
 418 
 419 void HeapShared::materialize_thread_object() {
 420   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 421     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_thread_object();
 422   }
 423 }
 424 
 425 void HeapShared::archive_interned_string(oop string) {
 426   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "Only used by this mode");
 427   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, string);
 428   assert(success, "shared strings array must not point to arrays or strings that are too large to archive");
 429 }
 430 
 431 void HeapShared::finalize_initialization(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo) {
 432   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 433     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 434       // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
 435       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 436     } else {
 437       // Finish up archived heap initialization. These must be
 438       // done after ReadClosure.
 439       AOTMappedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 440     }
 441   }
 442 }
 443 
 444 void HeapShared::make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe() {
 445   ArchivedObjectCache* new_cache = new (mtClass)ArchivedObjectCache(INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
 446 
 447   // It's safe to change the behavior of the hash function now, because iterate_all()
 448   // doesn't call the hash function.
 449   //  See archived_object_cache_hash() for more details.
 450   assert(_use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache == false, "happens only once");
 451   _use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache = true;
 452 
 453   // Copy all CachedOopInfo into a new table using a different hashing algorithm
 454   archived_object_cache()->iterate_all([&] (OopHandle oh, CachedOopInfo info) {
 455       new_cache->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 456     });
 457 
 458   destroy_archived_object_cache();
 459   _archived_object_cache = new_cache;
 460 }
 461 
 462 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(oop obj) {
 463   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 464   CachedOopInfo* result = _archived_object_cache->get(oh);
 465   oh.release(Universe::vm_global());
 466   return result;
 467 }
 468 
 469 bool HeapShared::has_been_archived(oop obj) {
 470   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 471   return get_cached_oop_info(obj) != nullptr;
 472 }
 473 
 474 int HeapShared::append_root(oop obj) {
 475   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "sanity");
 476   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 477   assert(_pending_roots != nullptr, "sanity");
 478 
 479   if (obj == nullptr) {
 480     assert(_pending_roots->at(0) == nullptr, "root index 0 always maps to null");
 481     return 0;
 482   } else if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 483     // The AOT compiler may refer the same obj many times, so we
 484     // should use the same index for this oop to avoid excessive entries
 485     // in the roots array.
 486     CachedOopInfo* obj_info = get_cached_oop_info(obj);
 487     assert(obj_info != nullptr, "must be archived");
 488 
 489     if (obj_info->root_index() > 0) {
 490       return obj_info->root_index();
 491     } else {
 492       assert(obj_info->root_index() < 0, "must not be zero");
 493       int i = _pending_roots->append(obj);
 494       obj_info->set_root_index(i);
 495       return i;
 496     }
 497   } else {
 498     return _pending_roots->append(obj);
 499   }
 500 }
 501 
 502 int HeapShared::get_root_index(oop obj) {
 503   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 504     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
 505   }
 506 
 507   CachedOopInfo* obj_info = get_cached_oop_info(obj);
 508   const char* error = nullptr;
 509   if (obj_info == nullptr) {
 510     error = "Not a cached oop";
 511   } else if (obj_info->root_index() < 0) {
 512     error = "Not a cached oop root";
 513   } else {
 514     return obj_info->root_index();
 515   }
 516 
 517   ResourceMark rm;
 518   log_debug(aot, codecache, oops)("%s: " INTPTR_FORMAT " (%s)", error,
 519                                   cast_from_oop<uintptr_t>(obj),
 520                                   obj->klass()->external_name());
 521   return -1;
 522 }
 523 
 524 oop HeapShared::get_root(int index, bool clear) {
 525   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 526   assert(is_archived_heap_in_use(), "getting roots into heap that is not used");
 527 
 528   oop result;
 529   if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 530     result = AOTStreamedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 531   } else {
 532     assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 533     result = AOTMappedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 534   }
 535 
 536   if (clear) {
 537     clear_root(index);
 538   }
 539 
 540   return result;
 541 }
 542 
 543 void HeapShared::finish_materialize_objects() {
 544   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 545     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_materialize_objects();
 546   }
 547 }
 548 
 549 void HeapShared::clear_root(int index) {
 550   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 551     // When AOT linked classes are in use, all roots will be in use all
 552     // the time, there's no benefit for clearing the roots. Also, we
 553     // can't clear the roots as they can be shared.
 554     return;
 555   }
 556 
 557   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 558   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be");
 559   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 560     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 561       log_debug(aot, heap)("Clearing root %d: was %zu", index, p2i(get_root(index, false /* clear */)));
 562     }
 563     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 564       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 565     } else {
 566       assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 567       AOTMappedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 568     }
 569   }
 570 }
 571 
 572 bool HeapShared::archive_object(oop obj, oop referrer, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info) {
 573   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 574 
 575   assert(!obj->is_stackChunk(), "do not archive stack chunks");
 576   if (has_been_archived(obj)) {
 577     return true;
 578   }
 579 
 580   if (is_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 581     log_debug(aot, heap)("Cannot archive, object (" PTR_FORMAT ") is too large: %zu",
 582                          p2i(obj), obj->size());
 583     debug_trace();
 584     return false;
 585   }
 586 
 587   AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(obj->klass());
 588   AOTOopChecker::check(obj); // Make sure contents of this oop are safe.
 589   count_allocation(obj->size());
 590   DEBUG_ONLY(_dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops->add(obj->klass()));
 591 
 592   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 593     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 594   } else {
 595     AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 596   }
 597 
 598   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 599   CachedOopInfo info = make_cached_oop_info(obj, referrer);
 600   archived_object_cache()->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 601   archived_object_cache()->maybe_grow();
 602 
 603   Klass* k = obj->klass();
 604   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 605     // Whenever we see a non-array Java object of type X, we mark X to be aot-initialized.
 606     // This ensures that during the production run, whenever Java code sees a cached object
 607     // of type X, we know that X is already initialized. (see TODO comment below ...)
 608 
 609     if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_enum_subclass()
 610         // We can't rerun <clinit> of enum classes (see cdsEnumKlass.cpp) so
 611         // we must store them as AOT-initialized.
 612         || (subgraph_info == _dump_time_special_subgraph))
 613         // TODO: we do this only for the special subgraph for now. Extending this to
 614         // other subgraphs would require more refactoring of the core library (such as
 615         // move some initialization logic into runtimeSetup()).
 616         //
 617         // For the other subgraphs, we have a weaker mechanism to ensure that
 618         // all classes in a subgraph are initialized before the subgraph is programmatically
 619         // returned from jdk.internal.misc.CDS::initializeFromArchive().
 620         // See HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
 621     {
 622       AOTArtifactFinder::add_aot_inited_class(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 623     }
 624 
 625     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 626       Klass* mirror_k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 627       if (mirror_k != nullptr) {
 628         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(mirror_k);
 629       }
 630     } else if (java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::is_instance(obj)) {
 631       Method* m = java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::vmtarget(obj);
 632       if (m != nullptr) {
 633         if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(m)) {
 634           m = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(m);
 635         }
 636         InstanceKlass* method_holder = m->method_holder();
 637         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(method_holder);
 638       }
 639     }
 640   }
 641 
 642   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 643     ResourceMark rm;
 644     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
 645     LogStream out(log);
 646     out.print("Archived heap object " PTR_FORMAT " : %s ",
 647               p2i(obj), obj->klass()->external_name());
 648     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 649       Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 650       if (k != nullptr) {
 651         out.print("%s", k->external_name());
 652       } else {
 653         out.print("primitive");
 654       }
 655     }
 656     out.cr();
 657   }
 658 
 659   return true;
 660 }
 661 
 662 class MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable: public HashTable<MetaspaceObj*, OopHandle,
 663     36137, // prime number
 664     AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 665     mtClassShared> {
 666 public:
 667   oop get_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 668     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 669     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 670     if (handle != nullptr) {
 671       return handle->resolve();
 672     } else {
 673       return nullptr;
 674     }
 675   }
 676   void set_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr, oop o) {
 677     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 678     OopHandle handle(Universe::vm_global(), o);
 679     put_when_absent(ptr, handle);
 680   }
 681   void remove_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 682     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 683     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 684     if (handle != nullptr) {
 685       handle->release(Universe::vm_global());
 686       remove(ptr);
 687     }
 688   }
 689 };
 690 
 691 void HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src, objArrayOop dest) {
 692   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
 693     _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(src, dest);
 694   }
 695 }
 696 
 697 objArrayOop HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 698   return (objArrayOop)_scratch_objects_table->get_oop(src);
 699 }
 700 
 701 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 702   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 703     _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(src);
 704   }
 705 }
 706 
 707 void HeapShared::init_dumping() {
 708   _scratch_objects_table = new (mtClass)MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable();
 709   _pending_roots = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(500);
 710   _pending_roots->append(nullptr); // root index 0 represents a null oop
 711   DEBUG_ONLY(_dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops = new (mtClassShared)ArchivableKlassTable());
 712 }
 713 
 714 void HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 715   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 716     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 717     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 718       oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, true, CHECK);
 719       _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), m);
 720     }
 721   }
 722 }
 723 
 724 // Given java_mirror that represents a (primitive or reference) type T,
 725 // return the "scratch" version that represents the same type T. Note
 726 // that java_mirror will be returned if the mirror is already a scratch mirror.
 727 //
 728 // See java_lang_Class::create_scratch_mirror() for more info.
 729 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(oop java_mirror) {
 730   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_mirror), "must be");
 731 
 732   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 733     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 734     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 735       if (_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve() == java_mirror) {
 736         return java_mirror;
 737       }
 738     }
 739   }
 740 
 741   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_mirror)) {
 742     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(java_mirror));
 743   } else {
 744     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_mirror));
 745   }
 746 }
 747 
 748 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(BasicType t) {
 749   assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
 750   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 751   return _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve();
 752 }
 753 
 754 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k) {
 755   return _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 756 }
 757 
 758 void HeapShared::set_scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k, oop mirror) {
 759   _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(k, mirror);
 760 }
 761 
 762 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_objects(Klass* k) {
 763   // Klass is being deallocated. Java mirror can still be alive, and it should not
 764   // point to dead klass. We need to break the link from mirror to the Klass.
 765   // See how InstanceKlass::deallocate_contents does it for normal mirrors.
 766   oop mirror = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 767   if (mirror != nullptr) {
 768     java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror, nullptr);
 769   }
 770   _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(k);
 771   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 772     _scratch_objects_table->remove(InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants());
 773   }
 774 }
 775 
 776 //TODO: we eventually want a more direct test for these kinds of things.
 777 //For example the JVM could record some bit of context from the creation
 778 //of the klass, such as who called the hidden class factory.  Using
 779 //string compares on names is fragile and will break as soon as somebody
 780 //changes the names in the JDK code.  See discussion in JDK-8342481 for
 781 //related ideas about marking AOT-related classes.
 782 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_form_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 783   return ik->is_hidden() &&
 784     (ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$MH+") ||
 785      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$DMH+") ||
 786      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$BMH+") ||
 787      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$VH+"));
 788 }
 789 
 790 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 791   return ik->is_hidden() && (ik->name()->index_of_at(0, "$$Lambda+", 9) > 0);
 792 }
 793 
 794 bool HeapShared::is_string_concat_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 795   return ik->is_hidden() && ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/String$$StringConcat");
 796 }
 797 
 798 bool HeapShared::is_archivable_hidden_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 799   return CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles() &&
 800     (is_lambda_form_klass(ik) || is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) || is_string_concat_klass(ik));
 801 }
 802 
 803 
 804 void HeapShared::copy_and_rescan_aot_inited_mirror(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 805   ik->set_has_aot_initialized_mirror();
 806 
 807   oop orig_mirror;
 808   if (RegeneratedClasses::is_regenerated_object(ik)) {
 809     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = RegeneratedClasses::get_original_object(ik);
 810     precond(orig_ik->is_initialized());
 811     orig_mirror = orig_ik->java_mirror();
 812   } else {
 813     precond(ik->is_initialized());
 814     orig_mirror = ik->java_mirror();
 815   }
 816 
 817   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(ik);
 818   int nfields = 0;
 819   for (JavaFieldStream fs(ik); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 820     if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
 821       fieldDescriptor& fd = fs.field_descriptor();
 822       int offset = fd.offset();
 823       switch (fd.field_type()) {
 824       case T_OBJECT:
 825       case T_ARRAY:
 826         {
 827           oop field_obj = orig_mirror->obj_field(offset);
 828           if (offset == java_lang_Class::reflection_data_offset()) {
 829             // Class::reflectData use SoftReference, which cannot be archived. Set it
 830             // to null and it will be recreated at runtime.
 831             field_obj = nullptr;
 832           }
 833           m->obj_field_put(offset, field_obj);
 834           if (field_obj != nullptr) {
 835             bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, field_obj);
 836             assert(success, "sanity");
 837           }
 838         }
 839         break;
 840       case T_BOOLEAN:
 841         m->bool_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->bool_field(offset));
 842         break;
 843       case T_BYTE:
 844         m->byte_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->byte_field(offset));
 845         break;
 846       case T_SHORT:
 847         m->short_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->short_field(offset));
 848         break;
 849       case T_CHAR:
 850         m->char_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->char_field(offset));
 851         break;
 852       case T_INT:
 853         m->int_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->int_field(offset));
 854         break;
 855       case T_LONG:
 856         m->long_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->long_field(offset));
 857         break;
 858       case T_FLOAT:
 859         m->float_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->float_field(offset));
 860         break;
 861       case T_DOUBLE:
 862         m->double_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->double_field(offset));
 863         break;
 864       default:
 865         ShouldNotReachHere();
 866       }
 867       nfields ++;
 868     }
 869   }
 870 
 871   oop class_data = java_lang_Class::class_data(orig_mirror);
 872   java_lang_Class::set_class_data(m, class_data);
 873   if (class_data != nullptr) {
 874     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, class_data);
 875     assert(success, "sanity");
 876   }
 877 
 878   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, init)) {
 879     ResourceMark rm;
 880     log_debug(aot, init)("copied %3d field(s) in aot-initialized mirror %s%s%s", nfields, ik->external_name(),
 881                          ik->is_hidden() ? " (hidden)" : "",
 882                          ik->is_enum_subclass() ? " (enum)" : "");
 883   }
 884 }
 885 
 886 void HeapShared::copy_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror, oop scratch_m) {
 887   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
 888   // in the shared heap.
 889   assert(!UseCompactObjectHeaders || scratch_m->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded(), "scratch mirror must have not-hashed-expanded state");
 890   assert(!UseCompactObjectHeaders || !orig_mirror->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded(), "must not be not-hashed-expanded");
 891   if (!orig_mirror->fast_no_hash_check()) {
 892     intptr_t orig_mark = orig_mirror->mark().value();
 893     intptr_t src_hash = orig_mirror->identity_hash();
 894     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 895       // We leave the cases not_hashed/not_hashed_expanded as they are.
 896       assert(orig_mirror->mark().is_hashed_not_expanded() || orig_mirror->mark().is_hashed_expanded(), "must be hashed");
 897       Klass* orig_klass = orig_mirror->klass();
 898       narrowKlass nk = CompressedKlassPointers::encode(orig_klass);
 899       markWord mark = markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk);
 900       mark = mark.copy_hashctrl_from(orig_mirror->mark());
 901       if (mark.is_hashed_not_expanded()) {
 902         scratch_m->set_mark(scratch_m->initialize_hash_if_necessary(orig_mirror, orig_klass, mark));
 903       } else {
 904         assert(mark.is_hashed_expanded(), "must be hashed & moved");
 905         int offset = orig_klass->hash_offset_in_bytes(orig_mirror, mark);
 906         assert(offset >= 4, "hash offset must not be in header");
 907         scratch_m->int_field_put(offset, (jint) src_hash);
 908         scratch_m->set_mark(mark);
 909       }
 910       assert(scratch_m->mark().is_hashed_expanded(), "must be hashed & moved");
 911       assert(scratch_m->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded() || scratch_m->mark().is_hashed_expanded(), "must be not hashed and expanded");
 912     } else {
 913       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 914       DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = scratch_m->identity_hash());
 915       assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
 916     }
 917     assert(scratch_m->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
 918   }
 919 
 920   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 921     java_lang_Class::set_module(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::module(orig_mirror));
 922     java_lang_Class::set_protection_domain(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::protection_domain(orig_mirror));
 923   }
 924 }
 925 
 926 static objArrayOop get_archived_resolved_references(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
 927   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src_ik->class_loader_data())) {
 928     objArrayOop rr = src_ik->constants()->resolved_references_or_null();
 929     if (rr != nullptr && !HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(rr)) {
 930       return HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(src_ik->constants());
 931     }
 932   }
 933   return nullptr;
 934 }
 935 
 936 int HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(oop exception) {
 937   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, exception);
 938   assert(success, "sanity");
 939   return append_root(exception);
 940 }
 941 
 942 void HeapShared::get_pointer_info(oop src_obj, bool& has_oop_pointers, bool& has_native_pointers) {
 943   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 944   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 945   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 946   has_oop_pointers = info->has_oop_pointers();
 947   has_native_pointers = info->has_native_pointers();
 948 }
 949 
 950 void HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(oop src_obj) {
 951   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 952   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 953   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 954   info->set_has_native_pointers();
 955 }
 956 
 957 // Between start_scanning_for_oops() and end_scanning_for_oops(), we discover all Java heap objects that
 958 // should be stored in the AOT cache. The scanning is coordinated by AOTArtifactFinder.
 959 void HeapShared::start_scanning_for_oops() {
 960   {
 961     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 962 
 963     // The special subgraph doesn't belong to any class. We use Object_klass() here just
 964     // for convenience.
 965     _dump_time_special_subgraph = init_subgraph_info(vmClasses::Object_klass());
 966 
 967     // Cache for recording where the archived objects are copied to
 968     create_archived_object_cache();
 969 
 970     if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode() && (UseG1GC || UseCompressedOops)) {
 971       aot_log_info(aot)("Heap range = [" PTR_FORMAT " - "  PTR_FORMAT "]",
 972                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::begin()) :
 973                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().start()),
 974                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::end()) :
 975                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end()));
 976     }
 977 
 978     archive_subgraphs();
 979   }
 980 
 981   init_seen_objects_table();
 982   Universe::archive_exception_instances();
 983 }
 984 
 985 void HeapShared::end_scanning_for_oops() {
 986   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 987     StringTable::init_shared_table();
 988   }
 989   delete_seen_objects_table();
 990 }
 991 
 992 void HeapShared::write_heap(AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info, AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
 993   {
 994     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 995     CDSHeapVerifier::verify();
 996     check_special_subgraph_classes();
 997   }
 998 
 999   if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
1000     StringTable::write_shared_table();
1001     AOTMappedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, mapped_heap_info);
1002   } else {
1003     assert(HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode(), "are there more modes?");
1004     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, streamed_heap_info);
1005   }
1006 
1007   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
1008   write_subgraph_info_table();
1009 
1010   DEBUG_ONLY(_runtime_classes_with_cached_oops = _dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops->write_ordered_array());
1011 
1012   delete _pending_roots;
1013   _pending_roots = nullptr;
1014 
1015   make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe();
1016 }
1017 
1018 void HeapShared::scan_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror) {
1019   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(orig_mirror);
1020   if (m != nullptr) { // nullptr if for custom class loader
1021     copy_java_mirror(orig_mirror, m);
1022     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, m);
1023     assert(success, "sanity");
1024   }
1025 }
1026 
1027 void HeapShared::scan_java_class(Klass* orig_k) {
1028   scan_java_mirror(orig_k->java_mirror());
1029 
1030   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1031     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1032     orig_ik->constants()->prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving();
1033     objArrayOop rr = get_archived_resolved_references(orig_ik);
1034     if (rr != nullptr) {
1035       bool success = HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, rr);
1036       assert(success, "must be");
1037     }
1038   }
1039 }
1040 
1041 void HeapShared::archive_subgraphs() {
1042   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
1043 
1044   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
1045     archive_object_subgraphs(archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1046   }
1047 }
1048 
1049 //
1050 // Subgraph archiving support
1051 //
1052 HeapShared::DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* HeapShared::_dump_time_subgraph_info_table = nullptr;
1053 HeapShared::RunTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable   HeapShared::_run_time_subgraph_info_table;
1054 
1055 // Get the subgraph_info for Klass k. A new subgraph_info is created if
1056 // there is no existing one for k. The subgraph_info records the "buffered"
1057 // address of the class.
1058 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::init_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
1059   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1060   bool created;
1061   KlassSubGraphInfo* info =
1062     _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->put_if_absent(k, KlassSubGraphInfo(k), &created);
1063   assert(created, "must not initialize twice");
1064   return info;
1065 }
1066 
1067 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::get_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
1068   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1069   KlassSubGraphInfo* info = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->get(k);
1070   assert(info != nullptr, "must have been initialized");
1071   return info;
1072 }
1073 
1074 // Add an entry field to the current KlassSubGraphInfo.
1075 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_entry_field(int static_field_offset, oop v) {
1076   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1077   if (_subgraph_entry_fields == nullptr) {
1078     _subgraph_entry_fields =
1079       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<int>(10, mtClass);
1080   }
1081   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(static_field_offset);
1082   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(HeapShared::append_root(v));
1083 }
1084 
1085 // Add the Klass* for an object in the current KlassSubGraphInfo's subgraphs.
1086 // Only objects of boot classes can be included in sub-graph.
1087 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_object_klass(Klass* orig_k) {
1088   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1089 
1090   if (_subgraph_object_klasses == nullptr) {
1091     _subgraph_object_klasses =
1092       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(50, mtClass);
1093   }
1094 
1095   if (_k == orig_k) {
1096     // Don't add the Klass containing the sub-graph to it's own klass
1097     // initialization list.
1098     return;
1099   }
1100 
1101   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1102 #ifdef ASSERT
1103     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1104     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1105       // -XX:AOTInitTestClass must be used carefully in regression tests to
1106       // include only classes that are safe to aot-initialize.
1107       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1108              HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) ||
1109              AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class(),
1110             "we can archive only instances of boot classes or lambda proxy classes");
1111     } else {
1112       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr, "must be boot class");
1113     }
1114 #endif
1115     // vmClasses::xxx_klass() are not updated, need to check
1116     // the original Klass*
1117     if (orig_k == vmClasses::String_klass() ||
1118         orig_k == vmClasses::Object_klass()) {
1119       // Initialized early during VM initialization. No need to be added
1120       // to the sub-graph object class list.
1121       return;
1122     }
1123     check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k));
1124   } else if (orig_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1125     Klass* abk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass();
1126     if (abk->is_instance_klass()) {
1127       assert(InstanceKlass::cast(abk)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
1128             "must be boot class");
1129       check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass()));
1130     }
1131     if (orig_k == Universe::objectArrayKlass()) {
1132       // Initialized early during Universe::genesis. No need to be added
1133       // to the list.
1134       return;
1135     }
1136   } else {
1137     assert(orig_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "must be");
1138     // Primitive type arrays are created early during Universe::genesis.
1139     return;
1140   }
1141 
1142   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1143     if (!_subgraph_object_klasses->contains(orig_k)) {
1144       ResourceMark rm;
1145       log_debug(aot, heap)("Adding klass %s", orig_k->external_name());
1146     }
1147   }
1148 
1149   _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(orig_k);
1150 }
1151 
1152 void KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
1153 #ifndef PRODUCT
1154   if (AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class()) {
1155     // The tests can cache arbitrary types of objects.
1156     return;
1157   }
1158 #endif
1159 
1160   if (ik->module()->name() == vmSymbols::java_base()) {
1161     assert(ik->package() != nullptr, "classes in java.base cannot be in unnamed package");
1162     return;
1163   }
1164 
1165   const char* lambda_msg = "";
1166   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1167     lambda_msg = ", or a lambda proxy class";
1168     if (HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) &&
1169         (ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1170          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() ||
1171          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_system_loader())) {
1172       return;
1173     }
1174   }
1175 
1176 #ifndef PRODUCT
1177   if (!ik->module()->is_named() && ik->package() == nullptr && ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1178     // This class is loaded by ArchiveHeapTestClass
1179     return;
1180   }
1181   const char* testcls_msg = ", or a test class in an unnamed package of an unnamed module";
1182 #else
1183   const char* testcls_msg = "";
1184 #endif
1185 
1186   ResourceMark rm;
1187   log_error(aot, heap)("Class %s not allowed in archive heap. Must be in java.base%s%s",
1188                        ik->external_name(), lambda_msg, testcls_msg);
1189   AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1190 }
1191 
1192 // Initialize an archived subgraph_info_record from the given KlassSubGraphInfo.
1193 void ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord::init(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1194   _k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(info->klass());
1195   _entry_field_records = nullptr;
1196   _subgraph_object_klasses = nullptr;
1197 
1198   // populate the entry fields
1199   GrowableArray<int>* entry_fields = info->subgraph_entry_fields();
1200   if (entry_fields != nullptr) {
1201     int num_entry_fields = entry_fields->length();
1202     assert(num_entry_fields % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1203     _entry_field_records =
1204       ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<int>(num_entry_fields);
1205     for (int i = 0 ; i < num_entry_fields; i++) {
1206       _entry_field_records->at_put(i, entry_fields->at(i));
1207     }
1208   }
1209 
1210   // <recorded_klasses> has the Klasses of all the objects that are referenced by this subgraph.
1211   // Copy those that need to be explicitly initialized into <_subgraph_object_klasses>.
1212   GrowableArray<Klass*>* recorded_klasses = info->subgraph_object_klasses();
1213   if (recorded_klasses != nullptr) {
1214     // AOT-inited classes are automatically marked as "initialized" during bootstrap. When
1215     // programmatically loading a subgraph, we only need to explicitly initialize the classes
1216     // that are not aot-inited.
1217     int num_to_copy = 0;
1218     for (int i = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1219       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1220       if (!subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1221         num_to_copy ++;
1222       }
1223     }
1224 
1225     _subgraph_object_klasses = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Klass*>(num_to_copy);
1226     bool is_special = (_k == ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(vmClasses::Object_klass()));
1227     for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1228       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1229       if (subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1230         continue;
1231       }
1232       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1233         ResourceMark rm;
1234         const char* owner_name =  is_special ? "<special>" : _k->external_name();
1235         if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1236           InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(subgraph_k));
1237         }
1238         log_info(aot, heap)(
1239           "Archived object klass %s (%2d) => %s",
1240           owner_name, n, subgraph_k->external_name());
1241       }
1242       _subgraph_object_klasses->at_put(n, subgraph_k);
1243       ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(_subgraph_object_klasses->adr_at(n));
1244       n++;
1245     }
1246   }
1247 
1248   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_k);
1249   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_entry_field_records);
1250   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_subgraph_object_klasses);
1251 }
1252 
1253 class HeapShared::CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive : StackObj {
1254   CompactHashtableWriter* _writer;
1255 public:
1256   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive(CompactHashtableWriter* writer) : _writer(writer) {}
1257 
1258   bool do_entry(Klass* klass, KlassSubGraphInfo& info) {
1259     if (info.subgraph_object_klasses() != nullptr || info.subgraph_entry_fields() != nullptr) {
1260       ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(&info);
1261       Klass* buffered_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(klass);
1262       unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary((address)buffered_k);
1263       _writer->add(hash, AOTCompressedPointers::encode_not_null(record));
1264     }
1265     return true; // keep on iterating
1266   }
1267 };
1268 
1269 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1270   ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1271       (ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*)ArchiveBuilder::ro_region_alloc(sizeof(ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord));
1272   record->init(info);
1273   if (info ==  _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1274     _run_time_special_subgraph = record;
1275   }
1276   return record;
1277 }
1278 
1279 // Build the records of archived subgraph infos, which include:
1280 // - Entry points to all subgraphs from the containing class mirror. The entry
1281 //   points are static fields in the mirror. For each entry point, the field
1282 //   offset, and value are recorded in the sub-graph
1283 //   info. The value is stored back to the corresponding field at runtime.
1284 // - A list of klasses that need to be loaded/initialized before archived
1285 //   java object sub-graph can be accessed at runtime.
1286 void HeapShared::write_subgraph_info_table() {
1287   // Allocate the contents of the hashtable(s) inside the RO region of the CDS archive.
1288   DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* d_table = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table;
1289   CompactHashtableStats stats;
1290 
1291   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.reset();
1292 
1293   CompactHashtableWriter writer(d_table->number_of_entries(), &stats);
1294   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive copy(&writer);
1295   d_table->iterate(&copy);
1296   writer.dump(&_run_time_subgraph_info_table, "subgraphs");
1297 
1298 #ifndef PRODUCT
1299   if (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1300     size_t len = strlen(ArchiveHeapTestClass) + 1;
1301     Array<char>* array = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<char>((int)len);
1302     strncpy(array->adr_at(0), ArchiveHeapTestClass, len);
1303     _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = array;
1304   }
1305 #endif
1306   if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1307     print_stats();
1308   }
1309 }
1310 
1311 void HeapShared::serialize_tables(SerializeClosure* soc) {
1312 
1313 #ifndef PRODUCT
1314   soc->do_ptr(&_archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass);
1315   if (soc->reading() && _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1316     _test_class_name = _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass->adr_at(0);
1317     setup_test_class(_test_class_name);
1318   }
1319 #endif
1320 
1321   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.serialize_header(soc);
1322   soc->do_ptr(&_run_time_special_subgraph);
1323   DEBUG_ONLY(soc->do_ptr(&_runtime_classes_with_cached_oops));
1324 }
1325 
1326 static void verify_the_heap(Klass* k, const char* which) {
1327   if (VerifyArchivedFields > 0) {
1328     ResourceMark rm;
1329     log_info(aot, heap)("Verify heap %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1330                         which, k->external_name());
1331 
1332     if (VerifyArchivedFields == 1) {
1333       VM_Verify verify_op;
1334       VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
1335     } else if (VerifyArchivedFields == 2 && is_init_completed()) {
1336       // At this time, the oop->klass() of some archived objects in the heap may not
1337       // have been loaded into the system dictionary yet. Nevertheless, oop->klass() should
1338       // have enough information (object size, oop maps, etc) so that a GC can be safely
1339       // performed.
1340       //
1341       // -XX:VerifyArchivedFields=2 force a GC to happen in such an early stage
1342       // to check for GC safety.
1343       log_info(aot, heap)("Trigger GC %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1344                           which, k->external_name());
1345       FlagSetting fs1(VerifyBeforeGC, true);
1346       FlagSetting fs2(VerifyDuringGC, true);
1347       FlagSetting fs3(VerifyAfterGC,  true);
1348       Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
1349     }
1350   }
1351 }
1352 
1353 // Before GC can execute, we must ensure that all oops reachable from HeapShared::roots()
1354 // have a valid klass. I.e., oopDesc::klass() must have already been resolved.
1355 void HeapShared::resolve_classes(JavaThread* current) {
1356   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only!");
1357   if (CDSConfig::is_using_klass_subgraphs()) {
1358     resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1359   }
1360 }
1361 
1362 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(JavaThread* current, ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
1363   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
1364     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
1365     TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
1366     InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name);
1367     assert(k != nullptr && k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1368     resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(current, k);
1369   }
1370 }
1371 
1372 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1373   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1374   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1375   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1376    resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
1377   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1378    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1379   }
1380   if (record == nullptr) {
1381    clear_archived_roots_of(k);
1382   }
1383 }
1384 
1385 void HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(TRAPS) {
1386   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes() || CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1387     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/Invokers$Holder", true, CHECK);
1388     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle", true, CHECK);
1389     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives", true, CHECK);
1390     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1391     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DelegatingMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1392     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Holder", true, CHECK);
1393     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle$Species_L", true, CHECK);
1394   }
1395 }
1396 
1397 // Initialize the InstanceKlasses of objects that are reachable from the following roots:
1398 //   - interned strings
1399 //   - Klass::java_mirror() -- including aot-initialized mirrors such as those of Enum klasses.
1400 //   - ConstantPool::resolved_references()
1401 //   - Universe::<xxx>_exception_instance()
1402 //
1403 // For example, if this enum class is initialized at AOT cache assembly time:
1404 //
1405 //    enum Fruit {
1406 //       APPLE, ORANGE, BANANA;
1407 //       static final Set<Fruit> HAVE_SEEDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(APPLE, ORANGE));
1408 //   }
1409 //
1410 // the aot-initialized mirror of Fruit has a static field that references HashSet, which
1411 // should be initialized before any Java code can access the Fruit class. Note that
1412 // HashSet itself doesn't necessary need to be an aot-initialized class.
1413 void HeapShared::init_classes_for_special_subgraph(Handle class_loader, TRAPS) {
1414   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1415     return;
1416   }
1417 
1418   assert( _run_time_special_subgraph != nullptr, "must be");
1419   Array<Klass*>* klasses = _run_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1420   if (klasses != nullptr) {
1421     for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass ++) {
1422       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1423         Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
1424         if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1425           // This class is not yet loaded. We will initialize it in a later phase.
1426           // For example, we have loaded only AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT1 classes
1427           // but k is part of AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT2.
1428           continue;
1429         }
1430         if (k->class_loader() == class_loader()) {
1431           if (pass == 0) {
1432             if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1433               InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class(CHECK);
1434             }
1435           } else {
1436             resolve_or_init(k, /*do_init*/true, CHECK);
1437           }
1438         }
1439       }
1440     }
1441   }
1442 }
1443 
1444 void HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1445   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1446   if (!CDSConfig::is_using_klass_subgraphs()) {
1447     return; // nothing to do
1448   }
1449 
1450   if (k->name()->equals("jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph") &&
1451       !CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() &&
1452       // archive was created with --module-path
1453       AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths() > 0) {
1454     // ArchivedModuleGraph was created with a --module-path that's different than the runtime --module-path.
1455     // Thus, it might contain references to modules that do not exist at runtime. We cannot use it.
1456     log_info(aot, heap)("Skip initializing ArchivedModuleGraph subgraph: is_using_optimized_module_handling=%s num_module_paths=%d",
1457                         BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling()),
1458                         AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths());
1459     return;
1460   }
1461 
1462   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1463   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1464     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
1465 
1466   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1467     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1468     // None of the field value will be set if there was an exception when initializing the classes.
1469     // The java code will not see any of the archived objects in the
1470     // subgraphs referenced from k in this case.
1471     return;
1472   }
1473 
1474   if (record != nullptr) {
1475     init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
1476   }
1477 }
1478 
1479 const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*
1480 HeapShared::resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1481   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "Should not be called when dumping heap");
1482 
1483   if (!k->in_aot_cache()) {
1484     return nullptr;
1485   }
1486   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1487   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1488 
1489 #ifndef PRODUCT
1490   if (_test_class_name != nullptr && k->name()->equals(_test_class_name) && record != nullptr) {
1491     _test_class = k;
1492     _test_class_record = record;
1493   }
1494 #endif
1495 
1496   // Initialize from archived data. Currently this is done only
1497   // during VM initialization time. No lock is needed.
1498   if (record == nullptr) {
1499     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1500       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1501       log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s is not recorded",
1502                           k->external_name());
1503     }
1504     return nullptr;
1505   } else {
1506     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1507       ResourceMark rm;
1508       log_info(aot, heap)("%s subgraph %s ", do_init ? "init" : "resolve", k->external_name());
1509     }
1510 
1511     resolve_or_init(k, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1512 
1513     // Load/link/initialize the klasses of the objects in the subgraph.
1514     // nullptr class loader is used.
1515     Array<Klass*>* klasses = record->subgraph_object_klasses();
1516     if (klasses != nullptr) {
1517       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1518         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1519         if (!klass->in_aot_cache()) {
1520           return nullptr;
1521         }
1522         resolve_or_init(klass, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1523       }
1524     }
1525   }
1526 
1527   return record;
1528 }
1529 
1530 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(const char* klass_name, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1531   TempNewSymbol klass_name_sym =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name);
1532   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name_sym);
1533   if (k == nullptr) {
1534     return;
1535   }
1536   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1537   resolve_or_init(k, false, CHECK);
1538   if (do_init) {
1539     resolve_or_init(k, true, CHECK);
1540   }
1541 }
1542 
1543 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1544   if (!do_init) {
1545     if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1546       Klass* resolved_k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(k->name(), CHECK);
1547       assert(resolved_k == k, "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1548     }
1549   } else {
1550     assert(k->class_loader_data() != nullptr, "must have been resolved by HeapShared::resolve_classes");
1551     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1552       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1553       ik->initialize(CHECK);
1554     } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1555       ObjArrayKlass* oak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k);
1556       oak->initialize(CHECK);
1557     }
1558   }
1559 }
1560 
1561 void HeapShared::init_archived_fields_for(Klass* k, const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record) {
1562   verify_the_heap(k, "before");
1563 
1564   Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1565   if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1566     int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1567     assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1568     for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1569       int field_offset = entry_field_records->at(i);
1570       int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1571       // Load the subgraph entry fields from the record and store them back to
1572       // the corresponding fields within the mirror.
1573       oop v = get_root(root_index, /*clear=*/true);
1574       oop m = k->java_mirror();
1575       if (k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1576         assert(v == m->obj_field(field_offset), "must be aot-initialized");
1577       } else {
1578         m->obj_field_put(field_offset, v);
1579       }
1580       log_debug(aot, heap)("  " PTR_FORMAT " init field @ %2d = " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(k), field_offset, p2i(v));
1581     }
1582 
1583     // Done. Java code can see the archived sub-graphs referenced from k's
1584     // mirror after this point.
1585     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1586       ResourceMark rm;
1587       log_info(aot, heap)("initialize_from_archived_subgraph %s " PTR_FORMAT "%s",
1588                           k->external_name(), p2i(k),
1589                           k->has_aot_initialized_mirror() ? " (aot-inited)" : "");
1590     }
1591   }
1592 
1593   verify_the_heap(k, "after ");
1594 }
1595 
1596 void HeapShared::clear_archived_roots_of(Klass* k) {
1597   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1598   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1599   if (record != nullptr) {
1600     Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1601     if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1602       int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1603       assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1604       for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1605         int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1606         clear_root(root_index);
1607       }
1608     }
1609   }
1610 }
1611 
1612 // Push all oop fields (or oop array elemenets in case of an objArray) in
1613 // _referencing_obj onto the _stack.
1614 class HeapShared::OopFieldPusher: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1615   PendingOopStack* _stack;
1616   GrowableArray<oop> _found_oop_fields;
1617   int _level;
1618   bool _record_klasses_only;
1619   KlassSubGraphInfo* _subgraph_info;
1620   oop _referencing_obj;
1621   bool _is_java_lang_ref;
1622  public:
1623   OopFieldPusher(PendingOopStack* stack,
1624                  int level,
1625                  bool record_klasses_only,
1626                  KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1627                  oop orig) :
1628     _stack(stack),
1629     _found_oop_fields(),
1630     _level(level),
1631     _record_klasses_only(record_klasses_only),
1632     _subgraph_info(subgraph_info),
1633     _referencing_obj(orig) {
1634     _is_java_lang_ref = AOTReferenceObjSupport::check_if_ref_obj(orig);
1635   }
1636   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1637   void do_oop(      oop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1638 
1639   ~OopFieldPusher() {
1640     while (_found_oop_fields.length() > 0) {
1641       // This produces the exact same traversal order as the previous version
1642       // of OopFieldPusher that recurses on the C stack -- a depth-first search,
1643       // walking the oop fields in _referencing_obj by ascending field offsets.
1644       oop obj = _found_oop_fields.pop();
1645       _stack->push(PendingOop(obj, _referencing_obj, _level + 1));
1646     }
1647   }
1648 
1649  protected:
1650   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1651     int field_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((char*)p, cast_from_oop<char*>(_referencing_obj));
1652     oop obj = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(_referencing_obj, field_offset);
1653     if (obj != nullptr) {
1654       if (_is_java_lang_ref && AOTReferenceObjSupport::skip_field(field_offset)) {
1655         // Do not follow these fields. They will be cleared to null.
1656         return;
1657       }
1658 
1659       if (!_record_klasses_only && log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1660         ResourceMark rm;
1661         log_debug(aot, heap)("(%d) %s[%d] ==> " PTR_FORMAT " size %zu %s", _level,
1662                              _referencing_obj->klass()->external_name(), field_offset,
1663                              p2i(obj), obj->size() * HeapWordSize, obj->klass()->external_name());
1664         if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1665           LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1666           LogStream out(log);
1667           obj->print_on(&out);
1668         }
1669       }
1670 
1671       _found_oop_fields.push(obj);
1672     }
1673   }
1674 
1675  public:
1676   oop referencing_obj()                       { return _referencing_obj;      }
1677   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info()          { return _subgraph_info;        }
1678 };
1679 
1680 // Checks if an oop has any non-null oop fields
1681 class PointsToOopsChecker : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1682   bool _result;
1683 
1684   template <class T> void check(T *p) {
1685     _result |= (HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p) != nullptr);
1686   }
1687 
1688 public:
1689   PointsToOopsChecker() : _result(false) {}
1690   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { check(p); }
1691   void do_oop(      oop *p) { check(p); }
1692   bool result() { return _result; }
1693 };
1694 
1695 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo HeapShared::make_cached_oop_info(oop obj, oop referrer) {
1696   PointsToOopsChecker points_to_oops_checker;
1697   obj->oop_iterate(&points_to_oops_checker);
1698   return CachedOopInfo(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), referrer), points_to_oops_checker.result());
1699 }
1700 
1701 void HeapShared::init_box_classes(TRAPS) {
1702   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1703     vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1704     vmClasses::Character_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1705     vmClasses::Float_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1706     vmClasses::Double_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1707     vmClasses::Byte_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1708     vmClasses::Short_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1709     vmClasses::Integer_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1710     vmClasses::Long_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1711     vmClasses::Void_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1712   }
1713 }
1714 
1715 // (1) If orig_obj has not been archived yet, archive it.
1716 // (2) If orig_obj has not been seen yet (since start_recording_subgraph() was called),
1717 //     trace all  objects that are reachable from it, and make sure these objects are archived.
1718 // (3) Record the klasses of all objects that are reachable from orig_obj (including those that
1719 //     were already archived when this function is called)
1720 bool HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(int level,
1721                                                 KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1722                                                 oop orig_obj) {
1723   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1724   PendingOopStack stack;
1725   stack.push(PendingOop(orig_obj, nullptr, level));
1726 
1727   while (stack.length() > 0) {
1728     PendingOop po = stack.pop();
1729     _object_being_archived = po;
1730     bool status = walk_one_object(&stack, po.level(), subgraph_info, po.obj(), po.referrer());
1731     _object_being_archived = PendingOop();
1732 
1733     if (!status) {
1734       // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1735       // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1736       assert(level == 1, "VM should have exited with unarchivable objects for _level > 1");
1737       return false;
1738     }
1739   }
1740 
1741   return true;
1742 }
1743 
1744 bool HeapShared::walk_one_object(PendingOopStack* stack, int level, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1745                                  oop orig_obj, oop referrer) {
1746   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1747   if (!JavaClasses::is_supported_for_archiving(orig_obj)) {
1748     // This object has injected fields that cannot be supported easily, so we disallow them for now.
1749     // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added
1750     // these objects that are referenced (directly or indirectly) by static fields.
1751     ResourceMark rm;
1752     log_error(aot, heap)("Cannot archive object " PTR_FORMAT " of class %s", p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->klass()->external_name());
1753     debug_trace();
1754     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1755   }
1756 
1757   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap) && java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1758     ResourceMark rm;
1759     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
1760     LogStream out(log);
1761     out.print("Found java mirror " PTR_FORMAT " ", p2i(orig_obj));
1762     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1763     if (k != nullptr) {
1764       out.print("%s", k->external_name());
1765     } else {
1766       out.print("primitive");
1767     }
1768     out.print_cr("; scratch mirror = "  PTR_FORMAT,
1769                  p2i(scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj)));
1770   }
1771 
1772   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1773     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1774     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
1775       orig_obj = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k)->java_mirror();
1776     }
1777   }
1778 
1779   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1780     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1781       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1782       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1783     }
1784   } else if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj) && subgraph_info != _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1785     // Without CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes(), we only allow archived objects to
1786     // point to the mirrors of (1) j.l.Object, (2) primitive classes, and (3) box classes. These are initialized
1787     // very early by HeapShared::init_box_classes().
1788     if (orig_obj == vmClasses::Object_klass()->java_mirror()
1789         || java_lang_Class::is_primitive(orig_obj)
1790         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->java_mirror()
1791         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Character_klass()->java_mirror()
1792         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Float_klass()->java_mirror()
1793         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Double_klass()->java_mirror()
1794         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Byte_klass()->java_mirror()
1795         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Short_klass()->java_mirror()
1796         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Integer_klass()->java_mirror()
1797         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Long_klass()->java_mirror()
1798         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Void_klass()->java_mirror()) {
1799       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1800       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1801     } else {
1802       // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added a Class
1803       // object that is referenced (directly or indirectly) by an ArchivableStaticFieldInfo
1804       // defined at the top of this file.
1805       log_error(aot, heap)("(%d) Unknown java.lang.Class object is in the archived sub-graph", level);
1806       debug_trace();
1807       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1808     }
1809   }
1810 
1811   if (has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj)) {
1812     // orig_obj has already been archived and traced. Nothing more to do.
1813     return true;
1814   } else {
1815     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj);
1816   }
1817 
1818   bool already_archived = has_been_archived(orig_obj);
1819   bool record_klasses_only = already_archived;
1820   if (!already_archived) {
1821     ++_num_new_archived_objs;
1822     if (!archive_object(orig_obj, referrer, subgraph_info)) {
1823       // Skip archiving the sub-graph referenced from the current entry field.
1824       ResourceMark rm;
1825       log_error(aot, heap)(
1826         "Cannot archive the sub-graph referenced from %s object ("
1827         PTR_FORMAT ") size %zu, skipped.",
1828         orig_obj->klass()->external_name(), p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->size() * HeapWordSize);
1829       if (level == 1) {
1830         // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1831         // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1832         return false;
1833       } else {
1834         // We don't know how to handle an object that has been archived, but some of its reachable
1835         // objects cannot be archived. Bail out for now. We might need to fix this in the future if
1836         // we have a real use case.
1837         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1838       }
1839     }
1840   }
1841 
1842   Klass *orig_k = orig_obj->klass();
1843   subgraph_info->add_subgraph_object_klass(orig_k);
1844 
1845   {
1846     // Find all the oops that are referenced by orig_obj, push them onto the stack
1847     // so we can work on them next.
1848     ResourceMark rm;
1849     OopFieldPusher pusher(stack, level, record_klasses_only, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1850     orig_obj->oop_iterate(&pusher);
1851   }
1852 
1853   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1854     // The enum klasses are archived with aot-initialized mirror.
1855     // See AOTClassInitializer::can_archive_initialized_mirror().
1856   } else {
1857     // This is legacy support for enum classes before JEP 483 -- we cannot rerun
1858     // the enum's <clinit> in the production run, so special handling is needed.
1859     if (CDSEnumKlass::is_enum_obj(orig_obj)) {
1860       CDSEnumKlass::handle_enum_obj(level + 1, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1861     }
1862   }
1863 
1864   return true;
1865 }
1866 
1867 //
1868 // Start from the given static field in a java mirror and archive the
1869 // complete sub-graph of java heap objects that are reached directly
1870 // or indirectly from the starting object by following references.
1871 // Sub-graph archiving restrictions (current):
1872 //
1873 // - All classes of objects in the archived sub-graph (including the
1874 //   entry class) must be boot class only.
1875 // - No java.lang.Class instance (java mirror) can be included inside
1876 //   an archived sub-graph. Mirror can only be the sub-graph entry object.
1877 //
1878 // The Java heap object sub-graph archiving process (see OopFieldPusher):
1879 //
1880 // 1) Java object sub-graph archiving starts from a given static field
1881 // within a Class instance (java mirror). If the static field is a
1882 // reference field and points to a non-null java object, proceed to
1883 // the next step.
1884 //
1885 // 2) Archives the referenced java object. If an archived copy of the
1886 // current object already exists, updates the pointer in the archived
1887 // copy of the referencing object to point to the current archived object.
1888 // Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
1889 //
1890 // 3) Follows all references within the current java object and recursively
1891 // archive the sub-graph of objects starting from each reference.
1892 //
1893 // 4) Updates the pointer in the archived copy of referencing object to
1894 // point to the current archived object.
1895 //
1896 // 5) The Klass of the current java object is added to the list of Klasses
1897 // for loading and initializing before any object in the archived graph can
1898 // be accessed at runtime.
1899 //
1900 void HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(InstanceKlass *k,
1901                                                              const char* klass_name,
1902                                                              int field_offset,
1903                                                              const char* field_name) {
1904   precond(CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs());
1905   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1906 
1907   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1908 
1909   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info = get_subgraph_info(k);
1910   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1911 
1912   log_debug(aot, heap)("Start archiving from: %s::%s (" PTR_FORMAT ")", klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1913 
1914   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1915     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1916       LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1917       LogStream out(log);
1918       f->print_on(&out);
1919     }
1920 
1921     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, subgraph_info, f);
1922     if (!success) {
1923       log_error(aot, heap)("Archiving failed %s::%s (some reachable objects cannot be archived)",
1924                            klass_name, field_name);
1925     } else {
1926       // Note: the field value is not preserved in the archived mirror.
1927       // Record the field as a new subGraph entry point. The recorded
1928       // information is restored from the archive at runtime.
1929       subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, f);
1930       log_info(aot, heap)("Archived field %s::%s => " PTR_FORMAT, klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1931     }
1932   } else {
1933     // The field contains null, we still need to record the entry point,
1934     // so it can be restored at runtime.
1935     subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, nullptr);
1936   }
1937 }
1938 
1939 #ifndef PRODUCT
1940 class VerifySharedOopClosure: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1941  public:
1942   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1943   void do_oop(      oop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1944 
1945  protected:
1946   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1947     oop obj = HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1948     if (obj != nullptr) {
1949       HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(obj);
1950     }
1951   }
1952 };
1953 
1954 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from_static_field(InstanceKlass* k, int field_offset) {
1955   precond(CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs());
1956   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1957 
1958   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1959   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1960   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1961     verify_subgraph_from(f);
1962   }
1963 }
1964 
1965 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from(oop orig_obj) {
1966   if (!has_been_archived(orig_obj)) {
1967     // It's OK for the root of a subgraph to be not archived. See comments in
1968     // archive_reachable_objects_from().
1969     return;
1970   }
1971 
1972   // Verify that all objects reachable from orig_obj are archived.
1973   init_seen_objects_table();
1974   verify_reachable_objects_from(orig_obj);
1975   delete_seen_objects_table();
1976 }
1977 
1978 void HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop obj) {
1979   _num_total_verifications ++;
1980   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
1981     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
1982     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
1983       k = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k);
1984       obj = k->java_mirror();
1985     }
1986     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
1987     assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
1988   }
1989   if (!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj)) {
1990     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj);
1991     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
1992     VerifySharedOopClosure walker;
1993     obj->oop_iterate(&walker);
1994   }
1995 }
1996 #endif
1997 
1998 void HeapShared::check_special_subgraph_classes() {
1999   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
2000     // We can have aot-initialized classes (such as Enums) that can reference objects
2001     // of arbitrary types. Currently, we trust the JEP 483 implementation to only
2002     // aot-initialize classes that are "safe".
2003     //
2004     // TODO: we need an automatic tool that checks the safety of aot-initialized
2005     // classes (when we extend the set of aot-initialized classes beyond JEP 483)
2006     return;
2007   } else {
2008     // In this case, the special subgraph should contain a few specific types
2009     GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses = _dump_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
2010     int num = klasses->length();
2011     for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
2012       Klass* subgraph_k = klasses->at(i);
2013       Symbol* name = subgraph_k->name();
2014       if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass() &&
2015           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&
2016           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_String() &&
2017           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException() &&
2018           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException() &&
2019           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException() &&
2020           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException() &&
2021           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError() &&
2022           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException() &&
2023           name != vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException()) {
2024         ResourceMark rm;
2025         fatal("special subgraph cannot have objects of type %s", subgraph_k->external_name());
2026       }
2027     }
2028   }
2029 }
2030 
2031 HeapShared::SeenObjectsTable* HeapShared::_seen_objects_table = nullptr;
2032 HeapShared::PendingOop HeapShared::_object_being_archived;
2033 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_walked_objs;
2034 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_archived_objs;
2035 size_t HeapShared::_num_old_recorded_klasses;
2036 
2037 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2038 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2039 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2040 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2041 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_verifications = 0;
2042 
2043 bool HeapShared::has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2044   return _seen_objects_table->get(obj) != nullptr;
2045 }
2046 
2047 void HeapShared::set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2048   assert(!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj), "sanity");
2049   _seen_objects_table->put_when_absent(obj, true);
2050   _seen_objects_table->maybe_grow();
2051   ++ _num_new_walked_objs;
2052 }
2053 
2054 void HeapShared::start_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2055   log_info(aot, heap)("Start recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s", class_name);
2056   init_subgraph_info(k);
2057   init_seen_objects_table();
2058   _num_new_walked_objs = 0;
2059   _num_new_archived_objs = 0;
2060   _num_old_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses();
2061 }
2062 
2063 void HeapShared::done_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2064   size_t num_new_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses() -
2065     _num_old_recorded_klasses;
2066   log_info(aot, heap)("Done recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s: "
2067                       "walked %zu objs, archived %zu new objs, recorded %zu classes",
2068                       class_name, _num_new_walked_objs, _num_new_archived_objs,
2069                       num_new_recorded_klasses);
2070 
2071   delete_seen_objects_table();
2072 
2073   _num_total_subgraph_recordings ++;
2074   _num_total_walked_objs      += _num_new_walked_objs;
2075   _num_total_archived_objs    += _num_new_archived_objs;
2076   _num_total_recorded_klasses +=  num_new_recorded_klasses;
2077 }
2078 
2079 class ArchivableStaticFieldFinder: public FieldClosure {
2080   InstanceKlass* _ik;
2081   Symbol* _field_name;
2082   bool _found;
2083   int _offset;
2084 public:
2085   ArchivableStaticFieldFinder(InstanceKlass* ik, Symbol* field_name) :
2086     _ik(ik), _field_name(field_name), _found(false), _offset(-1) {}
2087 
2088   virtual void do_field(fieldDescriptor* fd) {
2089     if (fd->name() == _field_name) {
2090       assert(!_found, "fields can never be overloaded");
2091       if (is_reference_type(fd->field_type())) {
2092         _found = true;
2093         _offset = fd->offset();
2094       }
2095     }
2096   }
2097   bool found()     { return _found;  }
2098   int offset()     { return _offset; }
2099 };
2100 
2101 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2102                                             TRAPS) {
2103   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2104     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2105     TempNewSymbol klass_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
2106     TempNewSymbol field_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->field_name);
2107     ResourceMark rm; // for stringStream::as_string() etc.
2108 
2109 #ifndef PRODUCT
2110     bool is_test_class = (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) && (strcmp(info->klass_name, ArchiveHeapTestClass) == 0);
2111     const char* test_class_name = ArchiveHeapTestClass;
2112 #else
2113     bool is_test_class = false;
2114     const char* test_class_name = ""; // avoid C++ printf checks warnings.
2115 #endif
2116 
2117     if (is_test_class) {
2118       log_warning(aot)("Loading ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2119     }
2120 
2121     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, THREAD);
2122     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2123       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2124       stringStream st;
2125       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s cannot be loaded by the boot loader", info->klass_name);
2126       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2127     }
2128 
2129     if (!k->is_instance_klass()) {
2130       stringStream st;
2131       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s is not an instance class", info->klass_name);
2132       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2133     }
2134 
2135     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
2136     assert(InstanceKlass::cast(ik)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
2137            "Only support boot classes");
2138 
2139     if (is_test_class) {
2140       if (ik->module()->is_named()) {
2141         // We don't want ArchiveHeapTestClass to be abused to easily load/initialize arbitrary
2142         // core-lib classes. You need to at least append to the bootclasspath.
2143         stringStream st;
2144         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed module", test_class_name);
2145         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2146       }
2147 
2148       if (ik->package() != nullptr) {
2149         // This restriction makes HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module() easy.
2150         stringStream st;
2151         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed package", test_class_name);
2152         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2153       }
2154     } else {
2155       if (ik->module()->name() != vmSymbols::java_base()) {
2156         // We don't want to deal with cases when a module is unavailable at runtime.
2157         // FUTURE -- load from archived heap only when module graph has not changed
2158         //           between dump and runtime.
2159         stringStream st;
2160         st.print("%s is not in java.base module", info->klass_name);
2161         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2162       }
2163     }
2164 
2165     if (is_test_class) {
2166       log_warning(aot)("Initializing ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2167     }
2168     ik->initialize(CHECK);
2169 
2170     ArchivableStaticFieldFinder finder(ik, field_name);
2171     ik->do_local_static_fields(&finder);
2172     if (!finder.found()) {
2173       stringStream st;
2174       st.print("Unable to find the static T_OBJECT field %s::%s", info->klass_name, info->field_name);
2175       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2176     }
2177 
2178     info->klass = ik;
2179     info->offset = finder.offset();
2180   }
2181 }
2182 
2183 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(TRAPS) {
2184   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
2185   _dump_time_subgraph_info_table = new (mtClass)DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable();
2186   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
2187     init_subgraph_entry_fields(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2188   }
2189 }
2190 
2191 #ifndef PRODUCT
2192 void HeapShared::setup_test_class(const char* test_class_name) {
2193   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* p = archive_subgraph_entry_fields;
2194   int num_slots = sizeof(archive_subgraph_entry_fields) / sizeof(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo);
2195   assert(p[num_slots - 2].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that's patched below");
2196   assert(p[num_slots - 1].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that marks the end of the list");
2197 
2198   if (test_class_name != nullptr) {
2199     p[num_slots - 2].klass_name = test_class_name;
2200     p[num_slots - 2].field_name = ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME;
2201   }
2202 }
2203 
2204 // See if ik is one of the test classes that are pulled in by -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
2205 // during runtime. This may be called before the module system is initialized so
2206 // we cannot rely on InstanceKlass::module(), etc.
2207 bool HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module(Klass* ik) {
2208   if (_test_class != nullptr) {
2209     if (ik == _test_class) {
2210       return true;
2211     }
2212     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _test_class_record->subgraph_object_klasses();
2213     if (klasses == nullptr) {
2214       return false;
2215     }
2216 
2217     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
2218       Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
2219       if (k == ik) {
2220         Symbol* name;
2221         if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
2222           name = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->name();
2223         } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
2224           Klass* bk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
2225           if (!bk->is_instance_klass()) {
2226             return false;
2227           }
2228           name = bk->name();
2229         } else {
2230           return false;
2231         }
2232 
2233         // See KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass() - we only allow test classes
2234         // to be:
2235         //   (A) java.base classes (which must not be in the unnamed module)
2236         //   (B) test classes which must be in the unnamed package of the unnamed module.
2237         // So if we see a '/' character in the class name, it must be in (A);
2238         // otherwise it must be in (B).
2239         if (name->index_of_at(0, "/", 1)  >= 0) {
2240           return false; // (A)
2241         }
2242 
2243         return true; // (B)
2244       }
2245     }
2246   }
2247 
2248   return false;
2249 }
2250 
2251 void HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(JavaThread* current) {
2252   Klass* k = _test_class;
2253   if (k != nullptr && is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
2254     JavaThread* THREAD = current;
2255     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2256     const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
2257       resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
2258 
2259     // The _test_class is in the unnamed module, so it can't call CDS.initializeFromArchive()
2260     // from its <clinit> method. So we set up its "archivedObjects" field first, before
2261     // calling its <clinit>. This is not strictly clean, but it's a convenient way to write unit
2262     // test cases (see test/hotspot/jtreg/runtime/cds/appcds/cacheObject/ArchiveHeapTestClass.java).
2263     if (record != nullptr) {
2264       init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
2265     }
2266     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
2267   }
2268 }
2269 #endif
2270 
2271 void HeapShared::init_for_dumping(TRAPS) {
2272   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
2273     setup_test_class(ArchiveHeapTestClass);
2274     init_subgraph_entry_fields(CHECK);
2275   }
2276 }
2277 
2278 void HeapShared::init_heap_writer() {
2279   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
2280     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::init();
2281   } else {
2282     AOTMappedHeapWriter::init();
2283   }
2284 }
2285 
2286 void HeapShared::archive_object_subgraphs(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
2287   _num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2288   _num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2289   _num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2290   _num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2291   _num_total_verifications = 0;
2292 
2293   // For each class X that has one or more archived fields:
2294   // [1] Dump the subgraph of each archived field
2295   // [2] Create a list of all the class of the objects that can be reached
2296   //     by any of these static fields.
2297   //     At runtime, these classes are initialized before X's archived fields
2298   //     are restored by HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
2299   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); ) {
2300     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2301     const char* klass_name = info->klass_name;
2302     start_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2303 
2304     // If you have specified consecutive fields of the same klass in
2305     // fields[], these will be archived in the same
2306     // {start_recording_subgraph ... done_recording_subgraph} pass to
2307     // save time.
2308     for (; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2309       ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2310       if (f->klass_name != klass_name) {
2311         break;
2312       }
2313 
2314       archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(f->klass, f->klass_name,
2315                                                   f->offset, f->field_name);
2316     }
2317     done_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2318   }
2319 
2320   log_info(aot, heap)("Archived subgraph records = %zu",
2321                       _num_total_subgraph_recordings);
2322   log_info(aot, heap)("  Walked %zu objects", _num_total_walked_objs);
2323   log_info(aot, heap)("  Archived %zu objects", _num_total_archived_objs);
2324   log_info(aot, heap)("  Recorded %zu klasses", _num_total_recorded_klasses);
2325 
2326 #ifndef PRODUCT
2327   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2328     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2329     verify_subgraph_from_static_field(f->klass, f->offset);
2330   }
2331   log_info(aot, heap)("  Verified %zu references", _num_total_verifications);
2332 #endif
2333 }
2334 
2335 bool HeapShared::is_interned_string(oop obj) {
2336   if (!java_lang_String::is_instance(obj)) {
2337     return false;
2338   }
2339 
2340   ResourceMark rm;
2341   int len = 0;
2342   jchar* name = java_lang_String::as_unicode_string_or_null(obj, len);
2343   if (name == nullptr) {
2344     fatal("Insufficient memory for dumping");
2345   }
2346   return StringTable::lookup(name, len) == obj;
2347 }
2348 
2349 bool HeapShared::is_dumped_interned_string(oop o) {
2350   return is_interned_string(o) && has_been_archived(o);
2351 }
2352 
2353 // These tables should be used only within the CDS safepoint, so
2354 // delete them before we exit the safepoint. Otherwise the table will
2355 // contain bad oops after a GC.
2356 void HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops() {
2357   assert(_seen_objects_table == nullptr, "should have been deleted");
2358 
2359   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2360     AOTMappedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2361   } else {
2362     assert(is_writing_streaming_mode(), "what other mode?");
2363     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2364   }
2365 }
2366 
2367 void HeapShared::debug_trace() {
2368   ResourceMark rm;
2369   oop referrer = _object_being_archived.referrer();
2370   if (referrer != nullptr) {
2371     LogStream ls(Log(aot, heap)::error());
2372     ls.print_cr("Reference trace");
2373     CDSHeapVerifier::trace_to_root(&ls, referrer);
2374   }
2375 }
2376 
2377 #ifndef PRODUCT
2378 // At dump-time, find the location of all the non-null oop pointers in an archived heap
2379 // region. This way we can quickly relocate all the pointers without using
2380 // BasicOopIterateClosure at runtime.
2381 class FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
2382   void* _start;
2383   BitMap *_oopmap;
2384   size_t _num_total_oops;
2385   size_t _num_null_oops;
2386  public:
2387   FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers(void* start, BitMap* oopmap)
2388     : _start(start), _oopmap(oopmap), _num_total_oops(0),  _num_null_oops(0) {}
2389 
2390   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
2391     assert(UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2392     _num_total_oops ++;
2393     narrowOop v = *p;
2394     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(v)) {
2395       size_t idx = p - (narrowOop*)_start;
2396       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2397     } else {
2398       _num_null_oops ++;
2399     }
2400   }
2401   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
2402     assert(!UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2403     _num_total_oops ++;
2404     if ((*p) != nullptr) {
2405       size_t idx = p - (oop*)_start;
2406       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2407     } else {
2408       _num_null_oops ++;
2409     }
2410   }
2411   size_t num_total_oops() const { return _num_total_oops; }
2412   size_t num_null_oops()  const { return _num_null_oops; }
2413 };
2414 #endif
2415 
2416 void HeapShared::count_allocation(size_t size) {
2417   _total_obj_count ++;
2418   _total_obj_size += size;
2419   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2420     if (size <= (size_t(1) << i)) {
2421       _alloc_count[i] ++;
2422       _alloc_size[i] += size;
2423       return;
2424     }
2425   }
2426 }
2427 
2428 static double avg_size(size_t size, size_t count) {
2429   double avg = 0;
2430   if (count > 0) {
2431     avg = double(size * HeapWordSize) / double(count);
2432   }
2433   return avg;
2434 }
2435 
2436 void HeapShared::print_stats() {
2437   size_t huge_count = _total_obj_count;
2438   size_t huge_size = _total_obj_size;
2439 
2440   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2441     size_t byte_size_limit = (size_t(1) << i) * HeapWordSize;
2442     size_t count = _alloc_count[i];
2443     size_t size = _alloc_size[i];
2444     log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu objects are <= %-6zu"
2445                         " bytes (total %8zu bytes, avg %8.1f bytes)",
2446                         count, byte_size_limit, size * HeapWordSize, avg_size(size, count));
2447     huge_count -= count;
2448     huge_size -= size;
2449   }
2450 
2451   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu huge  objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2452                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2453                       huge_count, huge_size * HeapWordSize,
2454                       avg_size(huge_size, huge_count));
2455   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu total objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2456                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2457                       _total_obj_count, _total_obj_size * HeapWordSize,
2458                       avg_size(_total_obj_size, _total_obj_count));
2459 }
2460 
2461 bool HeapShared::is_metadata_field(oop src_obj, int offset) {
2462   bool result = false;
2463   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int metadata_offset) {
2464     if (metadata_offset == offset) {
2465       result = true;
2466     }
2467   });
2468   return result;
2469 }
2470 
2471 void HeapShared::remap_dumped_metadata(oop src_obj, address archived_object) {
2472   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int offset) {
2473     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = (Metadata**)(archived_object + offset);
2474     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
2475 
2476     if (native_ptr == nullptr) {
2477       return;
2478     }
2479 
2480     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(native_ptr)) {
2481       native_ptr = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(native_ptr);
2482     }
2483 
2484     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
2485     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
2486     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
2487   });
2488 }
2489 
2490 bool HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(JavaThread* current) {
2491   TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS);
2492   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, klass_name, Handle());
2493   if (k == nullptr) {
2494     return false;
2495   } else {
2496     TempNewSymbol field_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD);
2497     TempNewSymbol field_signature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljdk/internal/module/ArchivedBootLayer;");
2498     fieldDescriptor fd;
2499     if (k->find_field(field_name, field_signature, true, &fd) != nullptr) {
2500       oop m = k->java_mirror();
2501       oop f = m->obj_field(fd.offset());
2502       if (CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
2503         return false;
2504       }
2505     } else {
2506       return false;
2507     }
2508   }
2509   return true;
2510 }
2511 
2512 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP