1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotOopChecker.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapLoader.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapWriter.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/cdsEnumKlass.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/cdsHeapVerifier.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
  44 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  45 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  47 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  48 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  49 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  56 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  57 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  58 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  60 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  77 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
  78 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
  79 #endif
  80 
  81 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  82 
  83 struct ArchivableStaticFieldInfo {
  84   const char* klass_name;
  85   const char* field_name;
  86   InstanceKlass* klass;
  87   int offset;
  88   BasicType type;
  89 
  90   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo(const char* k, const char* f)
  91   : klass_name(k), field_name(f), klass(nullptr), offset(0), type(T_ILLEGAL) {}
  92 
  93   bool valid() {
  94     return klass_name != nullptr;
  95   }
  96 };
  97 
  98 // Anything that goes in the header must be thoroughly purged from uninitialized memory
  99 // as it will be written to disk. Therefore, the constructors memset the memory to 0.
 100 // This is not the prettiest thing, but we need to know every byte is initialized,
 101 // including potential padding between fields.
 102 
 103 ArchiveMappedHeapHeader::ArchiveMappedHeapHeader(size_t ptrmap_start_pos,
 104                                                  size_t oopmap_start_pos,
 105                                                  HeapRootSegments root_segments) {
 106   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 107   _ptrmap_start_pos = ptrmap_start_pos;
 108   _oopmap_start_pos = oopmap_start_pos;
 109   _root_segments = root_segments;
 110 }
 111 
 112 ArchiveMappedHeapHeader::ArchiveMappedHeapHeader() {
 113   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 114 }
 115 
 116 ArchiveMappedHeapHeader ArchiveMappedHeapInfo::create_header() {
 117   return ArchiveMappedHeapHeader{_ptrmap_start_pos,
 118                                  _oopmap_start_pos,
 119                                  _root_segments};
 120 }
 121 
 122 ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader::ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader(size_t forwarding_offset,
 123                                                      size_t roots_offset,
 124                                                      size_t num_roots,
 125                                                      size_t root_highest_object_index_table_offset,
 126                                                      size_t num_archived_objects) {
 127   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 128   _forwarding_offset = forwarding_offset;
 129   _roots_offset = roots_offset;
 130   _num_roots = num_roots;
 131   _root_highest_object_index_table_offset = root_highest_object_index_table_offset;
 132   _num_archived_objects = num_archived_objects;
 133 }
 134 
 135 ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader::ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader() {
 136   memset((char*)this, 0, sizeof(*this));
 137 }
 138 
 139 ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo::create_header() {
 140   return ArchiveStreamedHeapHeader{_forwarding_offset,
 141                                    _roots_offset,
 142                                    _num_roots,
 143                                    _root_highest_object_index_table_offset,
 144                                    _num_archived_objects};
 145 }
 146 
 147 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_load_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 148 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_write_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 149 
 150 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_count[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 151 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_size[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 152 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_count;
 153 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_size;
 154 
 155 #ifndef PRODUCT
 156 #define ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME "archivedObjects"
 157 static Array<char>* _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = nullptr;
 158 static const char* _test_class_name = nullptr;
 159 static Klass* _test_class = nullptr;
 160 static const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* _test_class_record = nullptr;
 161 #endif
 162 
 163 
 164 //
 165 // If you add new entries to the following tables, you should know what you're doing!
 166 //
 167 
 168 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 169   {"java/lang/Integer$IntegerCache",              "archivedCache"},
 170   {"java/lang/Long$LongCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 171   {"java/lang/Byte$ByteCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 172   {"java/lang/Short$ShortCache",                  "archivedCache"},
 173   {"java/lang/Character$CharacterCache",          "archivedCache"},
 174   {"java/util/jar/Attributes$Name",               "KNOWN_NAMES"},
 175   {"sun/util/locale/BaseLocale",                  "constantBaseLocales"},
 176   {"jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph",     "archivedModuleGraph"},
 177   {"java/util/ImmutableCollections",              "archivedObjects"},
 178   {"java/lang/ModuleLayer",                       "EMPTY_LAYER"},
 179   {"java/lang/module/Configuration",              "EMPTY_CONFIGURATION"},
 180   {"jdk/internal/math/FDBigInteger",              "archivedCaches"},
 181 
 182 #ifndef PRODUCT
 183   {nullptr, nullptr}, // Extra slot for -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
 184 #endif
 185   {nullptr, nullptr},
 186 };
 187 
 188 // full module graph
 189 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 190   {"jdk/internal/loader/ArchivedClassLoaders",    "archivedClassLoaders"},
 191   {ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS,                     ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD},
 192   {"java/lang/Module$ArchivedData",               "archivedData"},
 193   {nullptr, nullptr},
 194 };
 195 
 196 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::_dump_time_special_subgraph;
 197 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::_run_time_special_subgraph;
 198 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* HeapShared::_pending_roots = nullptr;
 199 OopHandle HeapShared::_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
 200 MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable* HeapShared::_scratch_objects_table = nullptr;
 201 
 202 static bool is_subgraph_root_class_of(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[], InstanceKlass* ik) {
 203   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
 204     if (fields[i].klass == ik) {
 205       return true;
 206     }
 207   }
 208   return false;
 209 }
 210 
 211 bool HeapShared::is_subgraph_root_class(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 212   return is_subgraph_root_class_of(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik) ||
 213          is_subgraph_root_class_of(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik);
 214 }
 215 
 216 oop HeapShared::CachedOopInfo::orig_referrer() const {
 217   return _orig_referrer.resolve();
 218 }
 219 
 220 unsigned HeapShared::oop_hash(oop const& p) {
 221   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() ||
 222          JavaThread::current()->is_in_no_safepoint_scope(), "sanity");
 223   // Do not call p->identity_hash() as that will update the
 224   // object header.
 225   return primitive_hash(cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(p));
 226 }
 227 
 228 unsigned int HeapShared::oop_handle_hash_raw(const OopHandle& oh) {
 229   return oop_hash(oh.resolve());
 230 }
 231 
 232 unsigned int HeapShared::oop_handle_hash(const OopHandle& oh) {
 233   oop o = oh.resolve();
 234   if (o == nullptr) {
 235     return 0;
 236   } else {
 237     return o->identity_hash();
 238   }
 239 }
 240 
 241 bool HeapShared::oop_handle_equals(const OopHandle& a, const OopHandle& b) {
 242   return a.resolve() == b.resolve();
 243 }
 244 
 245 static void reset_states(oop obj, TRAPS) {
 246   Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
 247   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(obj->klass());
 248   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
 249   Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
 250 
 251   while (klass != nullptr) {
 252     Method* method = klass->find_method(method_name, method_sig);
 253     if (method != nullptr) {
 254       assert(method->is_private(), "must be");
 255       if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot)) {
 256         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 257         log_debug(aot)("  calling %s", method->name_and_sig_as_C_string());
 258       }
 259       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 260       JavaCalls::call_special(&result, h_obj, klass,
 261                               method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
 262     }
 263     klass = klass->super();
 264   }
 265 }
 266 
 267 void HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(TRAPS) {
 268   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 269   log_debug(aot)("Resetting platform loader");
 270   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader(), CHECK);
 271   log_debug(aot)("Resetting system loader");
 272   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_system_loader(), CHECK);
 273 
 274   // Clean up jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders::bootLoader(), which is not
 275   // directly used for class loading, but rather is used by the core library
 276   // to keep track of resources, etc, loaded by the null class loader.
 277   //
 278   // Note, this object is non-null, and is not the same as
 279   // ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->class_loader(),
 280   // which is null.
 281   log_debug(aot)("Resetting boot loader");
 282   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
 283   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 284                          vmClasses::jdk_internal_loader_ClassLoaders_klass(),
 285                          vmSymbols::bootLoader_name(),
 286                          vmSymbols::void_BuiltinClassLoader_signature(),
 287                          CHECK);
 288   Handle boot_loader(THREAD, result.get_oop());
 289   reset_states(boot_loader(), CHECK);
 290 }
 291 
 292 HeapShared::ArchivedObjectCache* HeapShared::_archived_object_cache = nullptr;
 293 
 294 bool HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() {
 295   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 296     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 297       return AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 298     } else {
 299       return AOTMappedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 300     }
 301   }
 302 
 303   return false;
 304 }
 305 
 306 bool HeapShared::can_use_archived_heap() {
 307   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 308   if (static_mapinfo == nullptr) {
 309     return false;
 310   }
 311   if (!static_mapinfo->has_heap_region()) {
 312     return false;
 313   }
 314   if (!static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode() &&
 315       !Universe::heap()->can_load_archived_objects() &&
 316       !UseG1GC) {
 317     // Incompatible object format
 318     return false;
 319   }
 320 
 321   return true;
 322 }
 323 
 324 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
 325   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 326     return false;
 327   } else {
 328     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size);
 329   }
 330 }
 331 
 332 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(oop obj) {
 333   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 334     return false;
 335   } else {
 336     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(obj);
 337   }
 338 }
 339 
 340 bool HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
 341   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
 342   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
 343 }
 344 
 345 void HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode mode) {
 346   assert(_heap_load_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already set?");
 347   assert(mode != HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "sanity");
 348   _heap_load_mode = mode;
 349 };
 350 
 351 void HeapShared::initialize_writing_mode() {
 352   assert(!FLAG_IS_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects), "Should not have been ergonomically set yet");
 353 
 354   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 355     // We use FLAG_IS_CMDLINE below because we are specifically looking to warn
 356     // a user that explicitly sets the flag on the command line for a JVM that is
 357     // not dumping an archive.
 358     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 359       log_warning(cds)("-XX:%cAOTStreamableObjects was specified, "
 360                        "AOTStreamableObjects is only used for writing "
 361                        "the AOT cache.",
 362                        AOTStreamableObjects ? '+' : '-');
 363     }
 364   }
 365 
 366   // The below checks use !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT instead of FLAG_IS_CMDLINE
 367   // because the one step AOT cache creation transfers the AOTStreamableObjects
 368   // flag value from the training JVM to the assembly JVM using an environment
 369   // variable that sets the flag as ERGO in the assembly JVM.
 370   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 371     // By default, the value of AOTStreamableObjects should match !UseCompressedOops.
 372     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects, !UseCompressedOops);
 373   } else if (!AOTStreamableObjects && UseZGC) {
 374     // Never write mapped heap with ZGC
 375     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 376       log_warning(cds)("Heap archiving without streaming not supported for -XX:+UseZGC");
 377     }
 378     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects, true);
 379   }
 380 
 381   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 382     // Select default mode
 383     assert(_heap_write_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already initialized?");
 384     _heap_write_mode = AOTStreamableObjects ? HeapArchiveMode::_streaming : HeapArchiveMode::_mapping;
 385   }
 386 }
 387 
 388 void HeapShared::initialize_streaming() {
 389   assert(is_loading_streaming_mode(), "shouldn't call this");
 390   if (can_use_archived_heap()) {
 391     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::initialize();
 392   }
 393 }
 394 
 395 void HeapShared::enable_gc() {
 396   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 397     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::enable_gc();
 398   }
 399 }
 400 
 401 void HeapShared::materialize_thread_object() {
 402   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 403     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_thread_object();
 404   }
 405 }
 406 
 407 void HeapShared::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(oop string) {
 408   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "Only used by this mode");
 409   AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(string);
 410 }
 411 
 412 void HeapShared::finalize_initialization(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo) {
 413   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 414     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 415       // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
 416       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 417     } else {
 418       // Finish up archived heap initialization. These must be
 419       // done after ReadClosure.
 420       AOTMappedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 421     }
 422   }
 423 }
 424 
 425 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(oop obj) {
 426   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 427   CachedOopInfo* result = _archived_object_cache->get(oh);
 428   oh.release(Universe::vm_global());
 429   return result;
 430 }
 431 
 432 bool HeapShared::has_been_archived(oop obj) {
 433   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 434   return get_cached_oop_info(obj) != nullptr;
 435 }
 436 
 437 int HeapShared::append_root(oop obj) {
 438   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 439   if (obj != nullptr) {
 440     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
 441   }
 442   // No GC should happen since we aren't scanning _pending_roots.
 443   assert(Thread::current() == (Thread*)VMThread::vm_thread(), "should be in vm thread");
 444 
 445   return _pending_roots->append(obj);
 446 }
 447 
 448 oop HeapShared::get_root(int index, bool clear) {
 449   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 450   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only");
 451   assert(is_archived_heap_in_use(), "getting roots into heap that is not used");
 452 
 453   oop result;
 454   if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 455     result = AOTStreamedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 456   } else {
 457     assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 458     result = AOTMappedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 459   }
 460 
 461   if (clear) {
 462     clear_root(index);
 463   }
 464 
 465   return result;
 466 }
 467 
 468 void HeapShared::finish_materialize_objects() {
 469   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 470     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_materialize_objects();
 471   }
 472 }
 473 
 474 void HeapShared::clear_root(int index) {
 475   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 476   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be");
 477   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 478     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 479       log_debug(aot, heap)("Clearing root %d: was %zu", index, p2i(get_root(index, false /* clear */)));
 480     }
 481     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 482       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 483     } else {
 484       assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 485       AOTMappedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 486     }
 487   }
 488 }
 489 
 490 bool HeapShared::archive_object(oop obj, oop referrer, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info) {
 491   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 492 
 493   assert(!obj->is_stackChunk(), "do not archive stack chunks");
 494   if (has_been_archived(obj)) {
 495     return true;
 496   }
 497 
 498   if (is_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 499     log_debug(aot, heap)("Cannot archive, object (" PTR_FORMAT ") is too large: %zu",
 500                          p2i(obj), obj->size());
 501     debug_trace();
 502     return false;
 503   }
 504 
 505   AOTOopChecker::check(obj); // Make sure contents of this oop are safe.
 506   count_allocation(obj->size());
 507 
 508   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 509     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 510   } else {
 511     AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 512   }
 513 
 514   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 515   CachedOopInfo info = make_cached_oop_info(obj, referrer);
 516   archived_object_cache()->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 517   archived_object_cache()->maybe_grow();
 518 
 519   Klass* k = obj->klass();
 520   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 521     // Whenever we see a non-array Java object of type X, we mark X to be aot-initialized.
 522     // This ensures that during the production run, whenever Java code sees a cached object
 523     // of type X, we know that X is already initialized. (see TODO comment below ...)
 524 
 525     if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_enum_subclass()
 526         // We can't rerun <clinit> of enum classes (see cdsEnumKlass.cpp) so
 527         // we must store them as AOT-initialized.
 528         || (subgraph_info == _dump_time_special_subgraph))
 529         // TODO: we do this only for the special subgraph for now. Extending this to
 530         // other subgraphs would require more refactoring of the core library (such as
 531         // move some initialization logic into runtimeSetup()).
 532         //
 533         // For the other subgraphs, we have a weaker mechanism to ensure that
 534         // all classes in a subgraph are initialized before the subgraph is programmatically
 535         // returned from jdk.internal.misc.CDS::initializeFromArchive().
 536         // See HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
 537     {
 538       AOTArtifactFinder::add_aot_inited_class(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 539     }
 540 
 541     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 542       Klass* mirror_k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 543       if (mirror_k != nullptr) {
 544         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(mirror_k);
 545       }
 546     } else if (java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::is_instance(obj)) {
 547       Method* m = java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::vmtarget(obj);
 548       if (m != nullptr) {
 549         if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(m)) {
 550           m = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(m);
 551         }
 552         InstanceKlass* method_holder = m->method_holder();
 553         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(method_holder);
 554       }
 555     }
 556   }
 557 
 558   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 559     ResourceMark rm;
 560     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
 561     LogStream out(log);
 562     out.print("Archived heap object " PTR_FORMAT " : %s ",
 563               p2i(obj), obj->klass()->external_name());
 564     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 565       Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 566       if (k != nullptr) {
 567         out.print("%s", k->external_name());
 568       } else {
 569         out.print("primitive");
 570       }
 571     }
 572     out.cr();
 573   }
 574 
 575   return true;
 576 }
 577 
 578 class MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable: public HashTable<MetaspaceObj*, OopHandle,
 579     36137, // prime number
 580     AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 581     mtClassShared> {
 582 public:
 583   oop get_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 584     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 585     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 586     if (handle != nullptr) {
 587       return handle->resolve();
 588     } else {
 589       return nullptr;
 590     }
 591   }
 592   void set_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr, oop o) {
 593     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 594     OopHandle handle(Universe::vm_global(), o);
 595     bool is_new = put(ptr, handle);
 596     assert(is_new, "cannot set twice");
 597   }
 598   void remove_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 599     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 600     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 601     if (handle != nullptr) {
 602       handle->release(Universe::vm_global());
 603       remove(ptr);
 604     }
 605   }
 606 };
 607 
 608 void HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src, objArrayOop dest) {
 609   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
 610     _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(src, dest);
 611   }
 612 }
 613 
 614 objArrayOop HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 615   return (objArrayOop)_scratch_objects_table->get_oop(src);
 616 }
 617 
 618  void HeapShared::init_dumping() {
 619    _scratch_objects_table = new (mtClass)MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable();
 620    _pending_roots = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(500);
 621 }
 622 
 623 void HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 624   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 625     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 626     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 627       oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, true, CHECK);
 628       _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), m);
 629     }
 630   }
 631 }
 632 
 633 // Given java_mirror that represents a (primitive or reference) type T,
 634 // return the "scratch" version that represents the same type T. Note
 635 // that java_mirror will be returned if the mirror is already a scratch mirror.
 636 //
 637 // See java_lang_Class::create_scratch_mirror() for more info.
 638 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(oop java_mirror) {
 639   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_mirror), "must be");
 640 
 641   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 642     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 643     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 644       if (_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve() == java_mirror) {
 645         return java_mirror;
 646       }
 647     }
 648   }
 649 
 650   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_mirror)) {
 651     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(java_mirror));
 652   } else {
 653     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_mirror));
 654   }
 655 }
 656 
 657 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(BasicType t) {
 658   assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
 659   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 660   return _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve();
 661 }
 662 
 663 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k) {
 664   return _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 665 }
 666 
 667 void HeapShared::set_scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k, oop mirror) {
 668   _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(k, mirror);
 669 }
 670 
 671 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_objects(Klass* k) {
 672   // Klass is being deallocated. Java mirror can still be alive, and it should not
 673   // point to dead klass. We need to break the link from mirror to the Klass.
 674   // See how InstanceKlass::deallocate_contents does it for normal mirrors.
 675   oop mirror = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 676   if (mirror != nullptr) {
 677     java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror, nullptr);
 678   }
 679   _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(k);
 680   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 681     _scratch_objects_table->remove(InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants());
 682   }
 683 }
 684 
 685 //TODO: we eventually want a more direct test for these kinds of things.
 686 //For example the JVM could record some bit of context from the creation
 687 //of the klass, such as who called the hidden class factory.  Using
 688 //string compares on names is fragile and will break as soon as somebody
 689 //changes the names in the JDK code.  See discussion in JDK-8342481 for
 690 //related ideas about marking AOT-related classes.
 691 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_form_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 692   return ik->is_hidden() &&
 693     (ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$MH+") ||
 694      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$DMH+") ||
 695      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$BMH+") ||
 696      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$VH+"));
 697 }
 698 
 699 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 700   return ik->is_hidden() && (ik->name()->index_of_at(0, "$$Lambda+", 9) > 0);
 701 }
 702 
 703 bool HeapShared::is_string_concat_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 704   return ik->is_hidden() && ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/String$$StringConcat");
 705 }
 706 
 707 bool HeapShared::is_archivable_hidden_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 708   return CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles() &&
 709     (is_lambda_form_klass(ik) || is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) || is_string_concat_klass(ik));
 710 }
 711 
 712 
 713 void HeapShared::copy_and_rescan_aot_inited_mirror(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 714   ik->set_has_aot_initialized_mirror();
 715 
 716   oop orig_mirror;
 717   if (RegeneratedClasses::is_regenerated_object(ik)) {
 718     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = RegeneratedClasses::get_original_object(ik);
 719     precond(orig_ik->is_initialized());
 720     orig_mirror = orig_ik->java_mirror();
 721   } else {
 722     precond(ik->is_initialized());
 723     orig_mirror = ik->java_mirror();
 724   }
 725 
 726   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(ik);
 727   int nfields = 0;
 728   for (JavaFieldStream fs(ik); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 729     if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
 730       fieldDescriptor& fd = fs.field_descriptor();
 731       int offset = fd.offset();
 732       switch (fd.field_type()) {
 733       case T_OBJECT:
 734       case T_ARRAY:
 735         {
 736           oop field_obj = orig_mirror->obj_field(offset);
 737           if (offset == java_lang_Class::reflection_data_offset()) {
 738             // Class::reflectData use SoftReference, which cannot be archived. Set it
 739             // to null and it will be recreated at runtime.
 740             field_obj = nullptr;
 741           }
 742           m->obj_field_put(offset, field_obj);
 743           if (field_obj != nullptr) {
 744             bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, field_obj);
 745             assert(success, "sanity");
 746           }
 747         }
 748         break;
 749       case T_BOOLEAN:
 750         m->bool_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->bool_field(offset));
 751         break;
 752       case T_BYTE:
 753         m->byte_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->byte_field(offset));
 754         break;
 755       case T_SHORT:
 756         m->short_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->short_field(offset));
 757         break;
 758       case T_CHAR:
 759         m->char_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->char_field(offset));
 760         break;
 761       case T_INT:
 762         m->int_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->int_field(offset));
 763         break;
 764       case T_LONG:
 765         m->long_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->long_field(offset));
 766         break;
 767       case T_FLOAT:
 768         m->float_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->float_field(offset));
 769         break;
 770       case T_DOUBLE:
 771         m->double_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->double_field(offset));
 772         break;
 773       default:
 774         ShouldNotReachHere();
 775       }
 776       nfields ++;
 777     }
 778   }
 779 
 780   oop class_data = java_lang_Class::class_data(orig_mirror);
 781   java_lang_Class::set_class_data(m, class_data);
 782   if (class_data != nullptr) {
 783     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, class_data);
 784     assert(success, "sanity");
 785   }
 786 
 787   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, init)) {
 788     ResourceMark rm;
 789     log_debug(aot, init)("copied %3d field(s) in aot-initialized mirror %s%s%s", nfields, ik->external_name(),
 790                          ik->is_hidden() ? " (hidden)" : "",
 791                          ik->is_enum_subclass() ? " (enum)" : "");
 792   }
 793 }
 794 
 795 void HeapShared::copy_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror, oop scratch_m) {
 796   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
 797   // in the shared heap.
 798   assert(!UseCompactObjectHeaders || scratch_m->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded(), "scratch mirror must have not-hashed-expanded state");
 799   assert(!UseCompactObjectHeaders || !orig_mirror->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded(), "must not be not-hashed-expanded");
 800   if (!orig_mirror->fast_no_hash_check()) {
 801     intptr_t orig_mark = orig_mirror->mark().value();
 802     intptr_t src_hash = orig_mirror->identity_hash();
 803     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 804       // We leave the cases not_hashed/not_hashed_expanded as they are.
 805       assert(orig_mirror->mark().is_hashed_not_expanded() || orig_mirror->mark().is_hashed_expanded(), "must be hashed");
 806       Klass* orig_klass = orig_mirror->klass();
 807       narrowKlass nk = CompressedKlassPointers::encode(orig_klass);
 808       markWord mark = markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk);
 809       mark = mark.copy_hashctrl_from(orig_mirror->mark());
 810       if (mark.is_hashed_not_expanded()) {
 811         scratch_m->set_mark(scratch_m->initialize_hash_if_necessary(orig_mirror, orig_klass, mark));
 812       } else {
 813         assert(mark.is_hashed_expanded(), "must be hashed & moved");
 814         int offset = orig_klass->hash_offset_in_bytes(orig_mirror, mark);
 815         assert(offset >= 4, "hash offset must not be in header");
 816         scratch_m->int_field_put(offset, (jint) src_hash);
 817         scratch_m->set_mark(mark);
 818       }
 819       assert(scratch_m->mark().is_hashed_expanded(), "must be hashed & moved");
 820       assert(scratch_m->mark().is_not_hashed_expanded() || scratch_m->mark().is_hashed_expanded(), "must be not hashed and expanded");
 821     } else {
 822       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 823       DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = scratch_m->identity_hash());
 824       assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
 825     }
 826     assert(scratch_m->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
 827   }
 828 
 829   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 830     java_lang_Class::set_module(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::module(orig_mirror));
 831     java_lang_Class::set_protection_domain(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::protection_domain(orig_mirror));
 832   }
 833 }
 834 
 835 static objArrayOop get_archived_resolved_references(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
 836   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src_ik->class_loader_data())) {
 837     objArrayOop rr = src_ik->constants()->resolved_references_or_null();
 838     if (rr != nullptr && !HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(rr)) {
 839       return HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(src_ik->constants());
 840     }
 841   }
 842   return nullptr;
 843 }
 844 
 845 void HeapShared::archive_strings() {
 846   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "should not reach here");
 847   oop shared_strings_array = StringTable::init_shared_strings_array();
 848   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, shared_strings_array);
 849   assert(success, "shared strings array must not point to arrays or strings that are too large to archive");
 850   StringTable::set_shared_strings_array_index(append_root(shared_strings_array));
 851 }
 852 
 853 int HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(oop exception) {
 854   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, exception);
 855   assert(success, "sanity");
 856   return append_root(exception);
 857 }
 858 
 859 void HeapShared::get_pointer_info(oop src_obj, bool& has_oop_pointers, bool& has_native_pointers) {
 860   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 861   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 862   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 863   has_oop_pointers = info->has_oop_pointers();
 864   has_native_pointers = info->has_native_pointers();
 865 }
 866 
 867 void HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(oop src_obj) {
 868   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 869   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 870   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 871   info->set_has_native_pointers();
 872 }
 873 
 874 // Between start_scanning_for_oops() and end_scanning_for_oops(), we discover all Java heap objects that
 875 // should be stored in the AOT cache. The scanning is coordinated by AOTArtifactFinder.
 876 void HeapShared::start_scanning_for_oops() {
 877   {
 878     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 879 
 880     // The special subgraph doesn't belong to any class. We use Object_klass() here just
 881     // for convenience.
 882     _dump_time_special_subgraph = init_subgraph_info(vmClasses::Object_klass(), false);
 883 
 884     // Cache for recording where the archived objects are copied to
 885     create_archived_object_cache();
 886 
 887     if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode() && (UseG1GC || UseCompressedOops)) {
 888       aot_log_info(aot)("Heap range = [" PTR_FORMAT " - "  PTR_FORMAT "]",
 889                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::begin()) :
 890                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().start()),
 891                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::end()) :
 892                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end()));
 893     }
 894 
 895     archive_subgraphs();
 896   }
 897 
 898   init_seen_objects_table();
 899   Universe::archive_exception_instances();
 900 }
 901 
 902 void HeapShared::end_scanning_for_oops() {
 903   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 904     archive_strings();
 905   }
 906   delete_seen_objects_table();
 907 }
 908 
 909 void HeapShared::write_heap(ArchiveMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info, ArchiveStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
 910   {
 911     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 912     CDSHeapVerifier::verify();
 913     check_special_subgraph_classes();
 914   }
 915 
 916   if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 917     StringTable::write_shared_table();
 918     AOTMappedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, mapped_heap_info);
 919   } else {
 920     assert(HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode(), "are there more modes?");
 921     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, streamed_heap_info);
 922   }
 923 
 924   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 925   write_subgraph_info_table();
 926 }
 927 
 928 void HeapShared::scan_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror) {
 929   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(orig_mirror);
 930   if (m != nullptr) { // nullptr if for custom class loader
 931     copy_java_mirror(orig_mirror, m);
 932     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, m);
 933     assert(success, "sanity");
 934   }
 935 }
 936 
 937 void HeapShared::scan_java_class(Klass* orig_k) {
 938   scan_java_mirror(orig_k->java_mirror());
 939 
 940   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
 941     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
 942     orig_ik->constants()->prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving();
 943     objArrayOop rr = get_archived_resolved_references(orig_ik);
 944     if (rr != nullptr) {
 945       bool success = HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, rr);
 946       assert(success, "must be");
 947     }
 948   }
 949 }
 950 
 951 void HeapShared::archive_subgraphs() {
 952   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
 953 
 954   archive_object_subgraphs(archive_subgraph_entry_fields,
 955                            false /* is_full_module_graph */);
 956 
 957   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 958     archive_object_subgraphs(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields,
 959                              true /* is_full_module_graph */);
 960     Modules::verify_archived_modules();
 961   }
 962 }
 963 
 964 //
 965 // Subgraph archiving support
 966 //
 967 HeapShared::DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* HeapShared::_dump_time_subgraph_info_table = nullptr;
 968 HeapShared::RunTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable   HeapShared::_run_time_subgraph_info_table;
 969 
 970 // Get the subgraph_info for Klass k. A new subgraph_info is created if
 971 // there is no existing one for k. The subgraph_info records the "buffered"
 972 // address of the class.
 973 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::init_subgraph_info(Klass* k, bool is_full_module_graph) {
 974   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 975   bool created;
 976   KlassSubGraphInfo* info =
 977     _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->put_if_absent(k, KlassSubGraphInfo(k, is_full_module_graph),
 978                                                   &created);
 979   assert(created, "must not initialize twice");
 980   return info;
 981 }
 982 
 983 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::get_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
 984   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 985   KlassSubGraphInfo* info = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->get(k);
 986   assert(info != nullptr, "must have been initialized");
 987   return info;
 988 }
 989 
 990 // Add an entry field to the current KlassSubGraphInfo.
 991 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_entry_field(int static_field_offset, oop v) {
 992   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 993   if (_subgraph_entry_fields == nullptr) {
 994     _subgraph_entry_fields =
 995       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<int>(10, mtClass);
 996   }
 997   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(static_field_offset);
 998   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(HeapShared::append_root(v));
 999 }
1000 
1001 // Add the Klass* for an object in the current KlassSubGraphInfo's subgraphs.
1002 // Only objects of boot classes can be included in sub-graph.
1003 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_object_klass(Klass* orig_k) {
1004   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1005 
1006   if (_subgraph_object_klasses == nullptr) {
1007     _subgraph_object_klasses =
1008       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(50, mtClass);
1009   }
1010 
1011   if (_k == orig_k) {
1012     // Don't add the Klass containing the sub-graph to it's own klass
1013     // initialization list.
1014     return;
1015   }
1016 
1017   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1018 #ifdef ASSERT
1019     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1020     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1021       // -XX:AOTInitTestClass must be used carefully in regression tests to
1022       // include only classes that are safe to aot-initialize.
1023       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1024              HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) ||
1025              AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class(),
1026             "we can archive only instances of boot classes or lambda proxy classes");
1027     } else {
1028       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr, "must be boot class");
1029     }
1030 #endif
1031     // vmClasses::xxx_klass() are not updated, need to check
1032     // the original Klass*
1033     if (orig_k == vmClasses::String_klass() ||
1034         orig_k == vmClasses::Object_klass()) {
1035       // Initialized early during VM initialization. No need to be added
1036       // to the sub-graph object class list.
1037       return;
1038     }
1039     check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k));
1040   } else if (orig_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1041     Klass* abk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass();
1042     if (abk->is_instance_klass()) {
1043       assert(InstanceKlass::cast(abk)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
1044             "must be boot class");
1045       check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass()));
1046     }
1047     if (orig_k == Universe::objectArrayKlass()) {
1048       // Initialized early during Universe::genesis. No need to be added
1049       // to the list.
1050       return;
1051     }
1052   } else {
1053     assert(orig_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "must be");
1054     // Primitive type arrays are created early during Universe::genesis.
1055     return;
1056   }
1057 
1058   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1059     if (!_subgraph_object_klasses->contains(orig_k)) {
1060       ResourceMark rm;
1061       log_debug(aot, heap)("Adding klass %s", orig_k->external_name());
1062     }
1063   }
1064 
1065   _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(orig_k);
1066   _has_non_early_klasses |= is_non_early_klass(orig_k);
1067 }
1068 
1069 void KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
1070 #ifndef PRODUCT
1071   if (AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class()) {
1072     // The tests can cache arbitrary types of objects.
1073     return;
1074   }
1075 #endif
1076 
1077   if (ik->module()->name() == vmSymbols::java_base()) {
1078     assert(ik->package() != nullptr, "classes in java.base cannot be in unnamed package");
1079     return;
1080   }
1081 
1082   const char* lambda_msg = "";
1083   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1084     lambda_msg = ", or a lambda proxy class";
1085     if (HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) &&
1086         (ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1087          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() ||
1088          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_system_loader())) {
1089       return;
1090     }
1091   }
1092 
1093 #ifndef PRODUCT
1094   if (!ik->module()->is_named() && ik->package() == nullptr && ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1095     // This class is loaded by ArchiveHeapTestClass
1096     return;
1097   }
1098   const char* testcls_msg = ", or a test class in an unnamed package of an unnamed module";
1099 #else
1100   const char* testcls_msg = "";
1101 #endif
1102 
1103   ResourceMark rm;
1104   log_error(aot, heap)("Class %s not allowed in archive heap. Must be in java.base%s%s",
1105                        ik->external_name(), lambda_msg, testcls_msg);
1106   AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1107 }
1108 
1109 bool KlassSubGraphInfo::is_non_early_klass(Klass* k) {
1110   if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1111     k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
1112   }
1113   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1114     if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_early_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(k))) {
1115       ResourceMark rm;
1116       log_info(aot, heap)("non-early: %s", k->external_name());
1117       return true;
1118     } else {
1119       return false;
1120     }
1121   } else {
1122     return false;
1123   }
1124 }
1125 
1126 // Initialize an archived subgraph_info_record from the given KlassSubGraphInfo.
1127 void ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord::init(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1128   _k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(info->klass());
1129   _entry_field_records = nullptr;
1130   _subgraph_object_klasses = nullptr;
1131   _is_full_module_graph = info->is_full_module_graph();
1132 
1133   if (_is_full_module_graph) {
1134     // Consider all classes referenced by the full module graph as early -- we will be
1135     // allocating objects of these classes during JVMTI early phase, so they cannot
1136     // be processed by (non-early) JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook
1137     _has_non_early_klasses = false;
1138   } else {
1139     _has_non_early_klasses = info->has_non_early_klasses();
1140   }
1141 
1142   if (_has_non_early_klasses) {
1143     ResourceMark rm;
1144     log_info(aot, heap)(
1145           "Subgraph of klass %s has non-early klasses and cannot be used when JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook is enabled",
1146           _k->external_name());
1147   }
1148 
1149   // populate the entry fields
1150   GrowableArray<int>* entry_fields = info->subgraph_entry_fields();
1151   if (entry_fields != nullptr) {
1152     int num_entry_fields = entry_fields->length();
1153     assert(num_entry_fields % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1154     _entry_field_records =
1155       ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<int>(num_entry_fields);
1156     for (int i = 0 ; i < num_entry_fields; i++) {
1157       _entry_field_records->at_put(i, entry_fields->at(i));
1158     }
1159   }
1160 
1161   // <recorded_klasses> has the Klasses of all the objects that are referenced by this subgraph.
1162   // Copy those that need to be explicitly initialized into <_subgraph_object_klasses>.
1163   GrowableArray<Klass*>* recorded_klasses = info->subgraph_object_klasses();
1164   if (recorded_klasses != nullptr) {
1165     // AOT-inited classes are automatically marked as "initialized" during bootstrap. When
1166     // programmatically loading a subgraph, we only need to explicitly initialize the classes
1167     // that are not aot-inited.
1168     int num_to_copy = 0;
1169     for (int i = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1170       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1171       if (!subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1172         num_to_copy ++;
1173       }
1174     }
1175 
1176     _subgraph_object_klasses = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Klass*>(num_to_copy);
1177     bool is_special = (_k == ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(vmClasses::Object_klass()));
1178     for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1179       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1180       if (subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1181         continue;
1182       }
1183       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1184         ResourceMark rm;
1185         const char* owner_name =  is_special ? "<special>" : _k->external_name();
1186         if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1187           InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(subgraph_k));
1188         }
1189         log_info(aot, heap)(
1190           "Archived object klass %s (%2d) => %s",
1191           owner_name, n, subgraph_k->external_name());
1192       }
1193       _subgraph_object_klasses->at_put(n, subgraph_k);
1194       ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(_subgraph_object_klasses->adr_at(n));
1195       n++;
1196     }
1197   }
1198 
1199   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_k);
1200   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_entry_field_records);
1201   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_subgraph_object_klasses);
1202 }
1203 
1204 class HeapShared::CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive : StackObj {
1205   CompactHashtableWriter* _writer;
1206 public:
1207   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive(CompactHashtableWriter* writer) : _writer(writer) {}
1208 
1209   bool do_entry(Klass* klass, KlassSubGraphInfo& info) {
1210     if (info.subgraph_object_klasses() != nullptr || info.subgraph_entry_fields() != nullptr) {
1211       ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(&info);
1212       Klass* buffered_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(klass);
1213       unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary((address)buffered_k);
1214       u4 delta = ArchiveBuilder::current()->any_to_offset_u4(record);
1215       _writer->add(hash, delta);
1216     }
1217     return true; // keep on iterating
1218   }
1219 };
1220 
1221 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1222   ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1223       (ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*)ArchiveBuilder::ro_region_alloc(sizeof(ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord));
1224   record->init(info);
1225   if (info ==  _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1226     _run_time_special_subgraph = record;
1227   }
1228   return record;
1229 }
1230 
1231 // Build the records of archived subgraph infos, which include:
1232 // - Entry points to all subgraphs from the containing class mirror. The entry
1233 //   points are static fields in the mirror. For each entry point, the field
1234 //   offset, and value are recorded in the sub-graph
1235 //   info. The value is stored back to the corresponding field at runtime.
1236 // - A list of klasses that need to be loaded/initialized before archived
1237 //   java object sub-graph can be accessed at runtime.
1238 void HeapShared::write_subgraph_info_table() {
1239   // Allocate the contents of the hashtable(s) inside the RO region of the CDS archive.
1240   DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* d_table = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table;
1241   CompactHashtableStats stats;
1242 
1243   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.reset();
1244 
1245   CompactHashtableWriter writer(d_table->number_of_entries(), &stats);
1246   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive copy(&writer);
1247   d_table->iterate(&copy);
1248   writer.dump(&_run_time_subgraph_info_table, "subgraphs");
1249 
1250 #ifndef PRODUCT
1251   if (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1252     size_t len = strlen(ArchiveHeapTestClass) + 1;
1253     Array<char>* array = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<char>((int)len);
1254     strncpy(array->adr_at(0), ArchiveHeapTestClass, len);
1255     _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = array;
1256   }
1257 #endif
1258   if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1259     print_stats();
1260   }
1261 }
1262 
1263 void HeapShared::serialize_tables(SerializeClosure* soc) {
1264 
1265 #ifndef PRODUCT
1266   soc->do_ptr(&_archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass);
1267   if (soc->reading() && _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1268     _test_class_name = _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass->adr_at(0);
1269     setup_test_class(_test_class_name);
1270   }
1271 #endif
1272 
1273   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.serialize_header(soc);
1274   soc->do_ptr(&_run_time_special_subgraph);
1275 }
1276 
1277 static void verify_the_heap(Klass* k, const char* which) {
1278   if (VerifyArchivedFields > 0) {
1279     ResourceMark rm;
1280     log_info(aot, heap)("Verify heap %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1281                         which, k->external_name());
1282 
1283     if (VerifyArchivedFields == 1) {
1284       VM_Verify verify_op;
1285       VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
1286     } else if (VerifyArchivedFields == 2 && is_init_completed()) {
1287       // At this time, the oop->klass() of some archived objects in the heap may not
1288       // have been loaded into the system dictionary yet. Nevertheless, oop->klass() should
1289       // have enough information (object size, oop maps, etc) so that a GC can be safely
1290       // performed.
1291       //
1292       // -XX:VerifyArchivedFields=2 force a GC to happen in such an early stage
1293       // to check for GC safety.
1294       log_info(aot, heap)("Trigger GC %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1295                           which, k->external_name());
1296       FlagSetting fs1(VerifyBeforeGC, true);
1297       FlagSetting fs2(VerifyDuringGC, true);
1298       FlagSetting fs3(VerifyAfterGC,  true);
1299       Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
1300     }
1301   }
1302 }
1303 
1304 // Before GC can execute, we must ensure that all oops reachable from HeapShared::roots()
1305 // have a valid klass. I.e., oopDesc::klass() must have already been resolved.
1306 //
1307 // Note: if a ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord contains non-early classes, and JVMTI
1308 // ClassFileLoadHook is enabled, it's possible for this class to be dynamically replaced. In
1309 // this case, we will not load the ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord and will clear its roots.
1310 void HeapShared::resolve_classes(JavaThread* current) {
1311   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only!");
1312   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1313     return; // nothing to do
1314   }
1315   resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1316   resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1317 }
1318 
1319 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(JavaThread* current, ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
1320   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
1321     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
1322     TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
1323     InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name);
1324     assert(k != nullptr && k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1325     resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(current, k);
1326   }
1327 }
1328 
1329 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1330   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1331   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1332   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1333    resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
1334   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1335    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1336   }
1337   if (record == nullptr) {
1338    clear_archived_roots_of(k);
1339   }
1340 }
1341 
1342 void HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(TRAPS) {
1343   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes() || CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1344     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/Invokers$Holder", true, CHECK);
1345     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle", true, CHECK);
1346     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives", true, CHECK);
1347     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1348     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DelegatingMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1349     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Holder", true, CHECK);
1350     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle$Species_L", true, CHECK);
1351   }
1352 }
1353 
1354 // Initialize the InstanceKlasses of objects that are reachable from the following roots:
1355 //   - interned strings
1356 //   - Klass::java_mirror() -- including aot-initialized mirrors such as those of Enum klasses.
1357 //   - ConstantPool::resolved_references()
1358 //   - Universe::<xxx>_exception_instance()
1359 //
1360 // For example, if this enum class is initialized at AOT cache assembly time:
1361 //
1362 //    enum Fruit {
1363 //       APPLE, ORANGE, BANANA;
1364 //       static final Set<Fruit> HAVE_SEEDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(APPLE, ORANGE));
1365 //   }
1366 //
1367 // the aot-initialized mirror of Fruit has a static field that references HashSet, which
1368 // should be initialized before any Java code can access the Fruit class. Note that
1369 // HashSet itself doesn't necessary need to be an aot-initialized class.
1370 void HeapShared::init_classes_for_special_subgraph(Handle class_loader, TRAPS) {
1371   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1372     return;
1373   }
1374 
1375   assert( _run_time_special_subgraph != nullptr, "must be");
1376   Array<Klass*>* klasses = _run_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1377   if (klasses != nullptr) {
1378     for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass ++) {
1379       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1380         Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
1381         if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1382           // This class is not yet loaded. We will initialize it in a later phase.
1383           // For example, we have loaded only AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT1 classes
1384           // but k is part of AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT2.
1385           continue;
1386         }
1387         if (k->class_loader() == class_loader()) {
1388           if (pass == 0) {
1389             if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1390               InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class(CHECK);
1391             }
1392           } else {
1393             resolve_or_init(k, /*do_init*/true, CHECK);
1394           }
1395         }
1396       }
1397     }
1398   }
1399 }
1400 
1401 void HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1402   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1403   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1404     return; // nothing to do
1405   }
1406 
1407   if (k->name()->equals("jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph") &&
1408       !CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() &&
1409       // archive was created with --module-path
1410       AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths() > 0) {
1411     // ArchivedModuleGraph was created with a --module-path that's different than the runtime --module-path.
1412     // Thus, it might contain references to modules that do not exist at runtime. We cannot use it.
1413     log_info(aot, heap)("Skip initializing ArchivedModuleGraph subgraph: is_using_optimized_module_handling=%s num_module_paths=%d",
1414                         BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling()),
1415                         AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths());
1416     return;
1417   }
1418 
1419   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1420   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1421     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
1422 
1423   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1424     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1425     // None of the field value will be set if there was an exception when initializing the classes.
1426     // The java code will not see any of the archived objects in the
1427     // subgraphs referenced from k in this case.
1428     return;
1429   }
1430 
1431   if (record != nullptr) {
1432     init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
1433   }
1434 }
1435 
1436 const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*
1437 HeapShared::resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1438   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "Should not be called when dumping heap");
1439 
1440   if (!k->in_aot_cache()) {
1441     return nullptr;
1442   }
1443   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1444   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1445 
1446 #ifndef PRODUCT
1447   if (_test_class_name != nullptr && k->name()->equals(_test_class_name) && record != nullptr) {
1448     _test_class = k;
1449     _test_class_record = record;
1450   }
1451 #endif
1452 
1453   // Initialize from archived data. Currently this is done only
1454   // during VM initialization time. No lock is needed.
1455   if (record == nullptr) {
1456     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1457       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1458       log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s is not recorded",
1459                           k->external_name());
1460     }
1461     return nullptr;
1462   } else {
1463     if (record->is_full_module_graph() && !CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph()) {
1464       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1465         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1466         log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s cannot be used because full module graph is disabled",
1467                             k->external_name());
1468       }
1469       return nullptr;
1470     }
1471 
1472     if (record->has_non_early_klasses() && JvmtiExport::should_post_class_file_load_hook()) {
1473       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1474         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1475         log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s cannot be used because JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook is enabled",
1476                             k->external_name());
1477       }
1478       return nullptr;
1479     }
1480 
1481     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1482       ResourceMark rm;
1483       log_info(aot, heap)("%s subgraph %s ", do_init ? "init" : "resolve", k->external_name());
1484     }
1485 
1486     resolve_or_init(k, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1487 
1488     // Load/link/initialize the klasses of the objects in the subgraph.
1489     // nullptr class loader is used.
1490     Array<Klass*>* klasses = record->subgraph_object_klasses();
1491     if (klasses != nullptr) {
1492       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1493         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1494         if (!klass->in_aot_cache()) {
1495           return nullptr;
1496         }
1497         resolve_or_init(klass, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1498       }
1499     }
1500   }
1501 
1502   return record;
1503 }
1504 
1505 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(const char* klass_name, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1506   TempNewSymbol klass_name_sym =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name);
1507   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name_sym);
1508   if (k == nullptr) {
1509     return;
1510   }
1511   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1512   resolve_or_init(k, false, CHECK);
1513   if (do_init) {
1514     resolve_or_init(k, true, CHECK);
1515   }
1516 }
1517 
1518 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1519   if (!do_init) {
1520     if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1521       Klass* resolved_k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(k->name(), CHECK);
1522       assert(resolved_k == k, "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1523     }
1524   } else {
1525     assert(k->class_loader_data() != nullptr, "must have been resolved by HeapShared::resolve_classes");
1526     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1527       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1528       ik->initialize(CHECK);
1529     } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1530       ObjArrayKlass* oak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k);
1531       oak->initialize(CHECK);
1532     }
1533   }
1534 }
1535 
1536 void HeapShared::init_archived_fields_for(Klass* k, const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record) {
1537   verify_the_heap(k, "before");
1538 
1539   Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1540   if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1541     int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1542     assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1543     for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1544       int field_offset = entry_field_records->at(i);
1545       int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1546       // Load the subgraph entry fields from the record and store them back to
1547       // the corresponding fields within the mirror.
1548       oop v = get_root(root_index, /*clear=*/true);
1549       oop m = k->java_mirror();
1550       if (k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1551         assert(v == m->obj_field(field_offset), "must be aot-initialized");
1552       } else {
1553         m->obj_field_put(field_offset, v);
1554       }
1555       log_debug(aot, heap)("  " PTR_FORMAT " init field @ %2d = " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(k), field_offset, p2i(v));
1556     }
1557 
1558     // Done. Java code can see the archived sub-graphs referenced from k's
1559     // mirror after this point.
1560     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1561       ResourceMark rm;
1562       log_info(aot, heap)("initialize_from_archived_subgraph %s " PTR_FORMAT "%s%s",
1563                           k->external_name(), p2i(k), JvmtiExport::is_early_phase() ? " (early)" : "",
1564                           k->has_aot_initialized_mirror() ? " (aot-inited)" : "");
1565     }
1566   }
1567 
1568   verify_the_heap(k, "after ");
1569 }
1570 
1571 void HeapShared::clear_archived_roots_of(Klass* k) {
1572   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1573   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1574   if (record != nullptr) {
1575     Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1576     if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1577       int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1578       assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1579       for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1580         int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1581         clear_root(root_index);
1582       }
1583     }
1584   }
1585 }
1586 
1587 // Push all oop fields (or oop array elemenets in case of an objArray) in
1588 // _referencing_obj onto the _stack.
1589 class HeapShared::OopFieldPusher: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1590   PendingOopStack* _stack;
1591   GrowableArray<oop> _found_oop_fields;
1592   int _level;
1593   bool _record_klasses_only;
1594   KlassSubGraphInfo* _subgraph_info;
1595   oop _referencing_obj;
1596   bool _is_java_lang_ref;
1597  public:
1598   OopFieldPusher(PendingOopStack* stack,
1599                  int level,
1600                  bool record_klasses_only,
1601                  KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1602                  oop orig) :
1603     _stack(stack),
1604     _found_oop_fields(),
1605     _level(level),
1606     _record_klasses_only(record_klasses_only),
1607     _subgraph_info(subgraph_info),
1608     _referencing_obj(orig) {
1609     _is_java_lang_ref = AOTReferenceObjSupport::check_if_ref_obj(orig);
1610   }
1611   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1612   void do_oop(      oop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1613 
1614   ~OopFieldPusher() {
1615     while (_found_oop_fields.length() > 0) {
1616       // This produces the exact same traversal order as the previous version
1617       // of OopFieldPusher that recurses on the C stack -- a depth-first search,
1618       // walking the oop fields in _referencing_obj by ascending field offsets.
1619       oop obj = _found_oop_fields.pop();
1620       _stack->push(PendingOop(obj, _referencing_obj, _level + 1));
1621     }
1622   }
1623 
1624  protected:
1625   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1626     int field_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((char*)p, cast_from_oop<char*>(_referencing_obj));
1627     oop obj = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(_referencing_obj, field_offset);
1628     if (obj != nullptr) {
1629       if (_is_java_lang_ref && AOTReferenceObjSupport::skip_field(field_offset)) {
1630         // Do not follow these fields. They will be cleared to null.
1631         return;
1632       }
1633 
1634       if (!_record_klasses_only && log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1635         ResourceMark rm;
1636         log_debug(aot, heap)("(%d) %s[%d] ==> " PTR_FORMAT " size %zu %s", _level,
1637                              _referencing_obj->klass()->external_name(), field_offset,
1638                              p2i(obj), obj->size() * HeapWordSize, obj->klass()->external_name());
1639         if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1640           LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1641           LogStream out(log);
1642           obj->print_on(&out);
1643         }
1644       }
1645 
1646       _found_oop_fields.push(obj);
1647     }
1648   }
1649 
1650  public:
1651   oop referencing_obj()                       { return _referencing_obj;      }
1652   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info()          { return _subgraph_info;        }
1653 };
1654 
1655 // Checks if an oop has any non-null oop fields
1656 class PointsToOopsChecker : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1657   bool _result;
1658 
1659   template <class T> void check(T *p) {
1660     _result |= (HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p) != nullptr);
1661   }
1662 
1663 public:
1664   PointsToOopsChecker() : _result(false) {}
1665   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { check(p); }
1666   void do_oop(      oop *p) { check(p); }
1667   bool result() { return _result; }
1668 };
1669 
1670 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo HeapShared::make_cached_oop_info(oop obj, oop referrer) {
1671   PointsToOopsChecker points_to_oops_checker;
1672   obj->oop_iterate(&points_to_oops_checker);
1673   return CachedOopInfo(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), referrer), points_to_oops_checker.result());
1674 }
1675 
1676 void HeapShared::init_box_classes(TRAPS) {
1677   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1678     vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1679     vmClasses::Character_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1680     vmClasses::Float_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1681     vmClasses::Double_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1682     vmClasses::Byte_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1683     vmClasses::Short_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1684     vmClasses::Integer_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1685     vmClasses::Long_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1686     vmClasses::Void_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1687   }
1688 }
1689 
1690 // (1) If orig_obj has not been archived yet, archive it.
1691 // (2) If orig_obj has not been seen yet (since start_recording_subgraph() was called),
1692 //     trace all  objects that are reachable from it, and make sure these objects are archived.
1693 // (3) Record the klasses of all objects that are reachable from orig_obj (including those that
1694 //     were already archived when this function is called)
1695 bool HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(int level,
1696                                                 KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1697                                                 oop orig_obj) {
1698   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1699   PendingOopStack stack;
1700   stack.push(PendingOop(orig_obj, nullptr, level));
1701 
1702   while (stack.length() > 0) {
1703     PendingOop po = stack.pop();
1704     _object_being_archived = po;
1705     bool status = walk_one_object(&stack, po.level(), subgraph_info, po.obj(), po.referrer());
1706     _object_being_archived = PendingOop();
1707 
1708     if (!status) {
1709       // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1710       // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1711       assert(level == 1, "VM should have exited with unarchivable objects for _level > 1");
1712       return false;
1713     }
1714   }
1715 
1716   return true;
1717 }
1718 
1719 bool HeapShared::walk_one_object(PendingOopStack* stack, int level, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1720                                  oop orig_obj, oop referrer) {
1721   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1722   if (!JavaClasses::is_supported_for_archiving(orig_obj)) {
1723     // This object has injected fields that cannot be supported easily, so we disallow them for now.
1724     // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added
1725     // these objects that are referenced (directly or indirectly) by static fields.
1726     ResourceMark rm;
1727     log_error(aot, heap)("Cannot archive object " PTR_FORMAT " of class %s", p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->klass()->external_name());
1728     debug_trace();
1729     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1730   }
1731 
1732   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap) && java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1733     ResourceMark rm;
1734     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
1735     LogStream out(log);
1736     out.print("Found java mirror " PTR_FORMAT " ", p2i(orig_obj));
1737     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1738     if (k != nullptr) {
1739       out.print("%s", k->external_name());
1740     } else {
1741       out.print("primitive");
1742     }
1743     out.print_cr("; scratch mirror = "  PTR_FORMAT,
1744                  p2i(scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj)));
1745   }
1746 
1747   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1748     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1749     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
1750       orig_obj = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k)->java_mirror();
1751     }
1752   }
1753 
1754   if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1755     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1756       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1757       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1758     }
1759   } else if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj) && subgraph_info != _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1760     // Without CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time(), we only allow archived objects to
1761     // point to the mirrors of (1) j.l.Object, (2) primitive classes, and (3) box classes. These are initialized
1762     // very early by HeapShared::init_box_classes().
1763     if (orig_obj == vmClasses::Object_klass()->java_mirror()
1764         || java_lang_Class::is_primitive(orig_obj)
1765         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->java_mirror()
1766         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Character_klass()->java_mirror()
1767         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Float_klass()->java_mirror()
1768         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Double_klass()->java_mirror()
1769         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Byte_klass()->java_mirror()
1770         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Short_klass()->java_mirror()
1771         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Integer_klass()->java_mirror()
1772         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Long_klass()->java_mirror()
1773         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Void_klass()->java_mirror()) {
1774       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1775       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1776     } else {
1777       // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added a Class
1778       // object that is referenced (directly or indirectly) by an ArchivableStaticFieldInfo
1779       // defined at the top of this file.
1780       log_error(aot, heap)("(%d) Unknown java.lang.Class object is in the archived sub-graph", level);
1781       debug_trace();
1782       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1783     }
1784   }
1785 
1786   if (has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj)) {
1787     // orig_obj has already been archived and traced. Nothing more to do.
1788     return true;
1789   } else {
1790     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj);
1791   }
1792 
1793   bool already_archived = has_been_archived(orig_obj);
1794   bool record_klasses_only = already_archived;
1795   if (!already_archived) {
1796     ++_num_new_archived_objs;
1797     if (!archive_object(orig_obj, referrer, subgraph_info)) {
1798       // Skip archiving the sub-graph referenced from the current entry field.
1799       ResourceMark rm;
1800       log_error(aot, heap)(
1801         "Cannot archive the sub-graph referenced from %s object ("
1802         PTR_FORMAT ") size %zu, skipped.",
1803         orig_obj->klass()->external_name(), p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->size() * HeapWordSize);
1804       if (level == 1) {
1805         // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1806         // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1807         return false;
1808       } else {
1809         // We don't know how to handle an object that has been archived, but some of its reachable
1810         // objects cannot be archived. Bail out for now. We might need to fix this in the future if
1811         // we have a real use case.
1812         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1813       }
1814     }
1815   }
1816 
1817   Klass *orig_k = orig_obj->klass();
1818   subgraph_info->add_subgraph_object_klass(orig_k);
1819 
1820   {
1821     // Find all the oops that are referenced by orig_obj, push them onto the stack
1822     // so we can work on them next.
1823     ResourceMark rm;
1824     OopFieldPusher pusher(stack, level, record_klasses_only, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1825     orig_obj->oop_iterate(&pusher);
1826   }
1827 
1828   if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1829     // The classes of all archived enum instances have been marked as aot-init,
1830     // so there's nothing else to be done in the production run.
1831   } else {
1832     // This is legacy support for enum classes before JEP 483 -- we cannot rerun
1833     // the enum's <clinit> in the production run, so special handling is needed.
1834     if (CDSEnumKlass::is_enum_obj(orig_obj)) {
1835       CDSEnumKlass::handle_enum_obj(level + 1, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1836     }
1837   }
1838 
1839   return true;
1840 }
1841 
1842 //
1843 // Start from the given static field in a java mirror and archive the
1844 // complete sub-graph of java heap objects that are reached directly
1845 // or indirectly from the starting object by following references.
1846 // Sub-graph archiving restrictions (current):
1847 //
1848 // - All classes of objects in the archived sub-graph (including the
1849 //   entry class) must be boot class only.
1850 // - No java.lang.Class instance (java mirror) can be included inside
1851 //   an archived sub-graph. Mirror can only be the sub-graph entry object.
1852 //
1853 // The Java heap object sub-graph archiving process (see OopFieldPusher):
1854 //
1855 // 1) Java object sub-graph archiving starts from a given static field
1856 // within a Class instance (java mirror). If the static field is a
1857 // reference field and points to a non-null java object, proceed to
1858 // the next step.
1859 //
1860 // 2) Archives the referenced java object. If an archived copy of the
1861 // current object already exists, updates the pointer in the archived
1862 // copy of the referencing object to point to the current archived object.
1863 // Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
1864 //
1865 // 3) Follows all references within the current java object and recursively
1866 // archive the sub-graph of objects starting from each reference.
1867 //
1868 // 4) Updates the pointer in the archived copy of referencing object to
1869 // point to the current archived object.
1870 //
1871 // 5) The Klass of the current java object is added to the list of Klasses
1872 // for loading and initializing before any object in the archived graph can
1873 // be accessed at runtime.
1874 //
1875 void HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(InstanceKlass *k,
1876                                                              const char* klass_name,
1877                                                              int field_offset,
1878                                                              const char* field_name) {
1879   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1880   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1881 
1882   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1883 
1884   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info = get_subgraph_info(k);
1885   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1886 
1887   log_debug(aot, heap)("Start archiving from: %s::%s (" PTR_FORMAT ")", klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1888 
1889   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1890     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1891       LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1892       LogStream out(log);
1893       f->print_on(&out);
1894     }
1895 
1896     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, subgraph_info, f);
1897     if (!success) {
1898       log_error(aot, heap)("Archiving failed %s::%s (some reachable objects cannot be archived)",
1899                            klass_name, field_name);
1900     } else {
1901       // Note: the field value is not preserved in the archived mirror.
1902       // Record the field as a new subGraph entry point. The recorded
1903       // information is restored from the archive at runtime.
1904       subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, f);
1905       log_info(aot, heap)("Archived field %s::%s => " PTR_FORMAT, klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1906     }
1907   } else {
1908     // The field contains null, we still need to record the entry point,
1909     // so it can be restored at runtime.
1910     subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, nullptr);
1911   }
1912 }
1913 
1914 #ifndef PRODUCT
1915 class VerifySharedOopClosure: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1916  public:
1917   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1918   void do_oop(      oop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1919 
1920  protected:
1921   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1922     oop obj = HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1923     if (obj != nullptr) {
1924       HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(obj);
1925     }
1926   }
1927 };
1928 
1929 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from_static_field(InstanceKlass* k, int field_offset) {
1930   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1931   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1932 
1933   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1934   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1935   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1936     verify_subgraph_from(f);
1937   }
1938 }
1939 
1940 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from(oop orig_obj) {
1941   if (!has_been_archived(orig_obj)) {
1942     // It's OK for the root of a subgraph to be not archived. See comments in
1943     // archive_reachable_objects_from().
1944     return;
1945   }
1946 
1947   // Verify that all objects reachable from orig_obj are archived.
1948   init_seen_objects_table();
1949   verify_reachable_objects_from(orig_obj);
1950   delete_seen_objects_table();
1951 }
1952 
1953 void HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop obj) {
1954   _num_total_verifications ++;
1955   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
1956     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
1957     assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
1958   }
1959   if (!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj)) {
1960     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj);
1961     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
1962     VerifySharedOopClosure walker;
1963     obj->oop_iterate(&walker);
1964   }
1965 }
1966 #endif
1967 
1968 void HeapShared::check_special_subgraph_classes() {
1969   if (CDSConfig::is_initing_classes_at_dump_time()) {
1970     // We can have aot-initialized classes (such as Enums) that can reference objects
1971     // of arbitrary types. Currently, we trust the JEP 483 implementation to only
1972     // aot-initialize classes that are "safe".
1973     //
1974     // TODO: we need an automatic tool that checks the safety of aot-initialized
1975     // classes (when we extend the set of aot-initialized classes beyond JEP 483)
1976     return;
1977   } else {
1978     // In this case, the special subgraph should contain a few specific types
1979     GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses = _dump_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1980     int num = klasses->length();
1981     for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1982       Klass* subgraph_k = klasses->at(i);
1983       Symbol* name = subgraph_k->name();
1984       if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass() &&
1985           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&
1986           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_String() &&
1987           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException() &&
1988           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException() &&
1989           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException() &&
1990           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException() &&
1991           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError() &&
1992           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException() &&
1993           name != vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException()) {
1994         ResourceMark rm;
1995         fatal("special subgraph cannot have objects of type %s", subgraph_k->external_name());
1996       }
1997     }
1998   }
1999 }
2000 
2001 HeapShared::SeenObjectsTable* HeapShared::_seen_objects_table = nullptr;
2002 HeapShared::PendingOop HeapShared::_object_being_archived;
2003 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_walked_objs;
2004 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_archived_objs;
2005 size_t HeapShared::_num_old_recorded_klasses;
2006 
2007 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2008 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2009 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2010 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2011 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_verifications = 0;
2012 
2013 bool HeapShared::has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2014   return _seen_objects_table->get(obj) != nullptr;
2015 }
2016 
2017 void HeapShared::set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2018   assert(!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj), "sanity");
2019   _seen_objects_table->put_when_absent(obj, true);
2020   _seen_objects_table->maybe_grow();
2021   ++ _num_new_walked_objs;
2022 }
2023 
2024 void HeapShared::start_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name, bool is_full_module_graph) {
2025   log_info(aot, heap)("Start recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s", class_name);
2026   init_subgraph_info(k, is_full_module_graph);
2027   init_seen_objects_table();
2028   _num_new_walked_objs = 0;
2029   _num_new_archived_objs = 0;
2030   _num_old_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses();
2031 }
2032 
2033 void HeapShared::done_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2034   size_t num_new_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses() -
2035     _num_old_recorded_klasses;
2036   log_info(aot, heap)("Done recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s: "
2037                       "walked %zu objs, archived %zu new objs, recorded %zu classes",
2038                       class_name, _num_new_walked_objs, _num_new_archived_objs,
2039                       num_new_recorded_klasses);
2040 
2041   delete_seen_objects_table();
2042 
2043   _num_total_subgraph_recordings ++;
2044   _num_total_walked_objs      += _num_new_walked_objs;
2045   _num_total_archived_objs    += _num_new_archived_objs;
2046   _num_total_recorded_klasses +=  num_new_recorded_klasses;
2047 }
2048 
2049 class ArchivableStaticFieldFinder: public FieldClosure {
2050   InstanceKlass* _ik;
2051   Symbol* _field_name;
2052   bool _found;
2053   int _offset;
2054 public:
2055   ArchivableStaticFieldFinder(InstanceKlass* ik, Symbol* field_name) :
2056     _ik(ik), _field_name(field_name), _found(false), _offset(-1) {}
2057 
2058   virtual void do_field(fieldDescriptor* fd) {
2059     if (fd->name() == _field_name) {
2060       assert(!_found, "fields can never be overloaded");
2061       if (is_reference_type(fd->field_type())) {
2062         _found = true;
2063         _offset = fd->offset();
2064       }
2065     }
2066   }
2067   bool found()     { return _found;  }
2068   int offset()     { return _offset; }
2069 };
2070 
2071 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2072                                             TRAPS) {
2073   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2074     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2075     TempNewSymbol klass_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
2076     TempNewSymbol field_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->field_name);
2077     ResourceMark rm; // for stringStream::as_string() etc.
2078 
2079 #ifndef PRODUCT
2080     bool is_test_class = (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) && (strcmp(info->klass_name, ArchiveHeapTestClass) == 0);
2081     const char* test_class_name = ArchiveHeapTestClass;
2082 #else
2083     bool is_test_class = false;
2084     const char* test_class_name = ""; // avoid C++ printf checks warnings.
2085 #endif
2086 
2087     if (is_test_class) {
2088       log_warning(aot)("Loading ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2089     }
2090 
2091     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, THREAD);
2092     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2093       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2094       stringStream st;
2095       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s cannot be loaded by the boot loader", info->klass_name);
2096       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2097     }
2098 
2099     if (!k->is_instance_klass()) {
2100       stringStream st;
2101       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s is not an instance class", info->klass_name);
2102       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2103     }
2104 
2105     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
2106     assert(InstanceKlass::cast(ik)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
2107            "Only support boot classes");
2108 
2109     if (is_test_class) {
2110       if (ik->module()->is_named()) {
2111         // We don't want ArchiveHeapTestClass to be abused to easily load/initialize arbitrary
2112         // core-lib classes. You need to at least append to the bootclasspath.
2113         stringStream st;
2114         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed module", test_class_name);
2115         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2116       }
2117 
2118       if (ik->package() != nullptr) {
2119         // This restriction makes HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module() easy.
2120         stringStream st;
2121         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed package", test_class_name);
2122         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2123       }
2124     } else {
2125       if (ik->module()->name() != vmSymbols::java_base()) {
2126         // We don't want to deal with cases when a module is unavailable at runtime.
2127         // FUTURE -- load from archived heap only when module graph has not changed
2128         //           between dump and runtime.
2129         stringStream st;
2130         st.print("%s is not in java.base module", info->klass_name);
2131         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2132       }
2133     }
2134 
2135     if (is_test_class) {
2136       log_warning(aot)("Initializing ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2137     }
2138     ik->initialize(CHECK);
2139 
2140     ArchivableStaticFieldFinder finder(ik, field_name);
2141     ik->do_local_static_fields(&finder);
2142     if (!finder.found()) {
2143       stringStream st;
2144       st.print("Unable to find the static T_OBJECT field %s::%s", info->klass_name, info->field_name);
2145       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2146     }
2147 
2148     info->klass = ik;
2149     info->offset = finder.offset();
2150   }
2151 }
2152 
2153 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(TRAPS) {
2154   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
2155   _dump_time_subgraph_info_table = new (mtClass)DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable();
2156   init_subgraph_entry_fields(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2157   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
2158     init_subgraph_entry_fields(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2159   }
2160 }
2161 
2162 #ifndef PRODUCT
2163 void HeapShared::setup_test_class(const char* test_class_name) {
2164   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* p = archive_subgraph_entry_fields;
2165   int num_slots = sizeof(archive_subgraph_entry_fields) / sizeof(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo);
2166   assert(p[num_slots - 2].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that's patched below");
2167   assert(p[num_slots - 1].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that marks the end of the list");
2168 
2169   if (test_class_name != nullptr) {
2170     p[num_slots - 2].klass_name = test_class_name;
2171     p[num_slots - 2].field_name = ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME;
2172   }
2173 }
2174 
2175 // See if ik is one of the test classes that are pulled in by -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
2176 // during runtime. This may be called before the module system is initialized so
2177 // we cannot rely on InstanceKlass::module(), etc.
2178 bool HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module(Klass* ik) {
2179   if (_test_class != nullptr) {
2180     if (ik == _test_class) {
2181       return true;
2182     }
2183     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _test_class_record->subgraph_object_klasses();
2184     if (klasses == nullptr) {
2185       return false;
2186     }
2187 
2188     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
2189       Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
2190       if (k == ik) {
2191         Symbol* name;
2192         if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
2193           name = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->name();
2194         } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
2195           Klass* bk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
2196           if (!bk->is_instance_klass()) {
2197             return false;
2198           }
2199           name = bk->name();
2200         } else {
2201           return false;
2202         }
2203 
2204         // See KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass() - we only allow test classes
2205         // to be:
2206         //   (A) java.base classes (which must not be in the unnamed module)
2207         //   (B) test classes which must be in the unnamed package of the unnamed module.
2208         // So if we see a '/' character in the class name, it must be in (A);
2209         // otherwise it must be in (B).
2210         if (name->index_of_at(0, "/", 1)  >= 0) {
2211           return false; // (A)
2212         }
2213 
2214         return true; // (B)
2215       }
2216     }
2217   }
2218 
2219   return false;
2220 }
2221 
2222 void HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(JavaThread* current) {
2223   Klass* k = _test_class;
2224   if (k != nullptr && is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
2225     JavaThread* THREAD = current;
2226     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2227     const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
2228       resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
2229 
2230     // The _test_class is in the unnamed module, so it can't call CDS.initializeFromArchive()
2231     // from its <clinit> method. So we set up its "archivedObjects" field first, before
2232     // calling its <clinit>. This is not strictly clean, but it's a convenient way to write unit
2233     // test cases (see test/hotspot/jtreg/runtime/cds/appcds/cacheObject/ArchiveHeapTestClass.java).
2234     if (record != nullptr) {
2235       init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
2236     }
2237     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
2238   }
2239 }
2240 #endif
2241 
2242 void HeapShared::init_for_dumping(TRAPS) {
2243   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
2244     setup_test_class(ArchiveHeapTestClass);
2245     init_subgraph_entry_fields(CHECK);
2246   }
2247 }
2248 
2249 void HeapShared::init_heap_writer() {
2250   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
2251     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::init();
2252   } else {
2253     AOTMappedHeapWriter::init();
2254   }
2255 }
2256 
2257 void HeapShared::archive_object_subgraphs(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2258                                           bool is_full_module_graph) {
2259   _num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2260   _num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2261   _num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2262   _num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2263   _num_total_verifications = 0;
2264 
2265   // For each class X that has one or more archived fields:
2266   // [1] Dump the subgraph of each archived field
2267   // [2] Create a list of all the class of the objects that can be reached
2268   //     by any of these static fields.
2269   //     At runtime, these classes are initialized before X's archived fields
2270   //     are restored by HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
2271   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); ) {
2272     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2273     const char* klass_name = info->klass_name;
2274     start_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name, is_full_module_graph);
2275 
2276     // If you have specified consecutive fields of the same klass in
2277     // fields[], these will be archived in the same
2278     // {start_recording_subgraph ... done_recording_subgraph} pass to
2279     // save time.
2280     for (; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2281       ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2282       if (f->klass_name != klass_name) {
2283         break;
2284       }
2285 
2286       archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(f->klass, f->klass_name,
2287                                                   f->offset, f->field_name);
2288     }
2289     done_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2290   }
2291 
2292   log_info(aot, heap)("Archived subgraph records = %zu",
2293                       _num_total_subgraph_recordings);
2294   log_info(aot, heap)("  Walked %zu objects", _num_total_walked_objs);
2295   log_info(aot, heap)("  Archived %zu objects", _num_total_archived_objs);
2296   log_info(aot, heap)("  Recorded %zu klasses", _num_total_recorded_klasses);
2297 
2298 #ifndef PRODUCT
2299   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2300     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2301     verify_subgraph_from_static_field(f->klass, f->offset);
2302   }
2303   log_info(aot, heap)("  Verified %zu references", _num_total_verifications);
2304 #endif
2305 }
2306 
2307 bool HeapShared::is_dumped_interned_string(oop o) {
2308   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2309     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_dumped_interned_string(o);
2310   } else {
2311     return AOTStreamedHeapWriter::is_dumped_interned_string(o);
2312   }
2313 }
2314 
2315 // These tables should be used only within the CDS safepoint, so
2316 // delete them before we exit the safepoint. Otherwise the table will
2317 // contain bad oops after a GC.
2318 void HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops() {
2319   assert(_seen_objects_table == nullptr, "should have been deleted");
2320 
2321   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2322     AOTMappedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2323   } else {
2324     assert(is_writing_streaming_mode(), "what other mode?");
2325     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2326   }
2327 }
2328 
2329 void HeapShared::debug_trace() {
2330   ResourceMark rm;
2331   oop referrer = _object_being_archived.referrer();
2332   if (referrer != nullptr) {
2333     LogStream ls(Log(aot, heap)::error());
2334     ls.print_cr("Reference trace");
2335     CDSHeapVerifier::trace_to_root(&ls, referrer);
2336   }
2337 }
2338 
2339 #ifndef PRODUCT
2340 // At dump-time, find the location of all the non-null oop pointers in an archived heap
2341 // region. This way we can quickly relocate all the pointers without using
2342 // BasicOopIterateClosure at runtime.
2343 class FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
2344   void* _start;
2345   BitMap *_oopmap;
2346   size_t _num_total_oops;
2347   size_t _num_null_oops;
2348  public:
2349   FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers(void* start, BitMap* oopmap)
2350     : _start(start), _oopmap(oopmap), _num_total_oops(0),  _num_null_oops(0) {}
2351 
2352   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
2353     assert(UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2354     _num_total_oops ++;
2355     narrowOop v = *p;
2356     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(v)) {
2357       size_t idx = p - (narrowOop*)_start;
2358       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2359     } else {
2360       _num_null_oops ++;
2361     }
2362   }
2363   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
2364     assert(!UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2365     _num_total_oops ++;
2366     if ((*p) != nullptr) {
2367       size_t idx = p - (oop*)_start;
2368       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2369     } else {
2370       _num_null_oops ++;
2371     }
2372   }
2373   size_t num_total_oops() const { return _num_total_oops; }
2374   size_t num_null_oops()  const { return _num_null_oops; }
2375 };
2376 #endif
2377 
2378 void HeapShared::count_allocation(size_t size) {
2379   _total_obj_count ++;
2380   _total_obj_size += size;
2381   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2382     if (size <= (size_t(1) << i)) {
2383       _alloc_count[i] ++;
2384       _alloc_size[i] += size;
2385       return;
2386     }
2387   }
2388 }
2389 
2390 static double avg_size(size_t size, size_t count) {
2391   double avg = 0;
2392   if (count > 0) {
2393     avg = double(size * HeapWordSize) / double(count);
2394   }
2395   return avg;
2396 }
2397 
2398 void HeapShared::print_stats() {
2399   size_t huge_count = _total_obj_count;
2400   size_t huge_size = _total_obj_size;
2401 
2402   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2403     size_t byte_size_limit = (size_t(1) << i) * HeapWordSize;
2404     size_t count = _alloc_count[i];
2405     size_t size = _alloc_size[i];
2406     log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu objects are <= %-6zu"
2407                         " bytes (total %8zu bytes, avg %8.1f bytes)",
2408                         count, byte_size_limit, size * HeapWordSize, avg_size(size, count));
2409     huge_count -= count;
2410     huge_size -= size;
2411   }
2412 
2413   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu huge  objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2414                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2415                       huge_count, huge_size * HeapWordSize,
2416                       avg_size(huge_size, huge_count));
2417   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu total objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2418                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2419                       _total_obj_count, _total_obj_size * HeapWordSize,
2420                       avg_size(_total_obj_size, _total_obj_count));
2421 }
2422 
2423 bool HeapShared::is_metadata_field(oop src_obj, int offset) {
2424   bool result = false;
2425   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int metadata_offset) {
2426     if (metadata_offset == offset) {
2427       result = true;
2428     }
2429   });
2430   return result;
2431 }
2432 
2433 void HeapShared::remap_dumped_metadata(oop src_obj, address archived_object) {
2434   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int offset) {
2435     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = (Metadata**)(archived_object + offset);
2436     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
2437 
2438     if (native_ptr == nullptr) {
2439       return;
2440     }
2441 
2442     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(native_ptr)) {
2443       native_ptr = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(native_ptr);
2444     }
2445 
2446     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
2447     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
2448     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
2449   });
2450 }
2451 
2452 bool HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(JavaThread* current) {
2453   TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS);
2454   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, klass_name, Handle());
2455   if (k == nullptr) {
2456     return false;
2457   } else {
2458     TempNewSymbol field_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD);
2459     TempNewSymbol field_signature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljdk/internal/module/ArchivedBootLayer;");
2460     fieldDescriptor fd;
2461     if (k->find_field(field_name, field_signature, true, &fd) != nullptr) {
2462       oop m = k->java_mirror();
2463       oop f = m->obj_field(fd.offset());
2464       if (CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
2465         return false;
2466       }
2467     } else {
2468       return false;
2469     }
2470   }
2471   return true;
2472 }
2473 
2474 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP