1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  8  *
  9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 13  * accompanied this code).
 14  *
 15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.inline.hpp"
 26 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
 27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
 28 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
 29 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
 30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
 31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
 32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
 33 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
 34 #include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
 35 #include "gc/serial/cardTableRS.hpp"
 36 #include "gc/serial/defNewGeneration.hpp"
 37 #include "gc/serial/serialFullGC.hpp"
 38 #include "gc/serial/serialGcRefProcProxyTask.hpp"
 39 #include "gc/serial/serialHeap.hpp"
 40 #include "gc/serial/serialStringDedup.hpp"
 41 #include "gc/serial/tenuredGeneration.inline.hpp"
 42 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
 43 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
 44 #include "gc/shared/continuationGCSupport.inline.hpp"
 45 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.inline.hpp"
 46 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
 47 #include "gc/shared/gcHeapSummary.hpp"
 48 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
 49 #include "gc/shared/gcTrace.hpp"
 50 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
 51 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.inline.hpp"
 52 #include "gc/shared/preservedMarks.inline.hpp"
 53 #include "gc/shared/referencePolicy.hpp"
 54 #include "gc/shared/referenceProcessorPhaseTimes.hpp"
 55 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
 56 #include "gc/shared/weakProcessor.hpp"
 57 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
 58 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
 59 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
 60 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
 61 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
 62 #include "oops/markWord.hpp"
 63 #include "oops/methodData.hpp"
 64 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.inline.hpp"
 65 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
 66 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
 67 #include "runtime/prefetch.inline.hpp"
 68 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
 69 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
 70 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
 71 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 72 #include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp"
 73 
 74 Stack<oop, mtGC>              SerialFullGC::_marking_stack;
 75 Stack<ObjArrayTask, mtGC>     SerialFullGC::_objarray_stack;
 76 
 77 PreservedMarksSet       SerialFullGC::_preserved_overflow_stack_set(false /* in_c_heap */);
 78 size_t                  SerialFullGC::_preserved_count = 0;
 79 size_t                  SerialFullGC::_preserved_count_max = 0;
 80 PreservedMark*          SerialFullGC::_preserved_marks = nullptr;
 81 STWGCTimer*             SerialFullGC::_gc_timer        = nullptr;
 82 SerialOldTracer*        SerialFullGC::_gc_tracer       = nullptr;
 83 
 84 AlwaysTrueClosure   SerialFullGC::_always_true_closure;
 85 ReferenceProcessor* SerialFullGC::_ref_processor;
 86 
 87 StringDedup::Requests*  SerialFullGC::_string_dedup_requests = nullptr;
 88 
 89 SerialFullGC::FollowRootClosure  SerialFullGC::follow_root_closure;
 90 
 91 MarkAndPushClosure SerialFullGC::mark_and_push_closure(ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_mark);
 92 CLDToOopClosure    SerialFullGC::follow_cld_closure(&mark_and_push_closure, ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_mark);
 93 CLDToOopClosure    SerialFullGC::adjust_cld_closure(&adjust_pointer_closure, ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_adjust);
 94 
 95 class DeadSpacer : StackObj {
 96   size_t _allowed_deadspace_words;
 97   bool _active;
 98   ContiguousSpace* _space;
 99 
100 public:
101   DeadSpacer(ContiguousSpace* space) : _allowed_deadspace_words(0), _space(space) {
102     size_t ratio = (_space == SerialHeap::heap()->old_gen()->space())
103                    ? MarkSweepDeadRatio : 0;
104     _active = ratio > 0;
105 
106     if (_active) {
107       // We allow some amount of garbage towards the bottom of the space, so
108       // we don't start compacting before there is a significant gain to be made.
109       // Occasionally, we want to ensure a full compaction, which is determined
110       // by the MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount parameter.
111       if ((SerialHeap::heap()->total_full_collections() % MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount) != 0) {
112         _allowed_deadspace_words = (space->capacity() * ratio / 100) / HeapWordSize;
113       } else {
114         _active = false;
115       }
116     }
117   }
118 
119   bool insert_deadspace(HeapWord* dead_start, HeapWord* dead_end) {
120     if (!_active) {
121       return false;
122     }
123 
124     size_t dead_length = pointer_delta(dead_end, dead_start);
125     if (_allowed_deadspace_words >= dead_length) {
126       _allowed_deadspace_words -= dead_length;
127       CollectedHeap::fill_with_object(dead_start, dead_length);
128       oop obj = cast_to_oop(dead_start);
129       // obj->set_mark(obj->mark().set_marked());
130 
131       assert(dead_length == obj->size(), "bad filler object size");
132       log_develop_trace(gc, compaction)("Inserting object to dead space: " PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT ", %zub",
133                                         p2i(dead_start), p2i(dead_end), dead_length * HeapWordSize);
134 
135       return true;
136     } else {
137       _active = false;
138       return false;
139     }
140   }
141 };
142 
143 // Implement the "compaction" part of the mark-compact GC algorithm.
144 class Compacter {
145   // There are four spaces in total, but only the first three can be used after
146   // compact. IOW, old and eden/from must be enough for all live objs
147   static constexpr uint max_num_spaces = 4;
148 
149   struct CompactionSpace {
150     ContiguousSpace* _space;
151     // Will be the new top after compaction is complete.
152     HeapWord* _compaction_top;
153     // The first dead word in this contiguous space. It's an optimization to
154     // skip large chunk of live objects at the beginning.
155     HeapWord* _first_dead;
156 
157     void init(ContiguousSpace* space) {
158       _space = space;
159       _compaction_top = space->bottom();
160       _first_dead = nullptr;
161     }
162   };
163 
164   CompactionSpace _spaces[max_num_spaces];
165   // The num of spaces to be compacted, i.e. containing live objs.
166   uint _num_spaces;
167 
168   uint _index;
169 
170   // Used for BOT update
171   TenuredGeneration* _old_gen;
172 
173   HeapWord* get_compaction_top(uint index) const {
174     return _spaces[index]._compaction_top;
175   }
176 
177   HeapWord* get_first_dead(uint index) const {
178     return _spaces[index]._first_dead;
179   }
180 
181   ContiguousSpace* get_space(uint index) const {
182     return _spaces[index]._space;
183   }
184 
185   void record_first_dead(uint index, HeapWord* first_dead) {
186     assert(_spaces[index]._first_dead == nullptr, "should write only once");
187     _spaces[index]._first_dead = first_dead;
188   }
189 
190   HeapWord* alloc(size_t old_size, size_t new_size, HeapWord* old_obj) {
191     size_t words = (old_obj == _spaces[_index]._compaction_top) ? old_size : new_size;
192     while (true) {
193       if (words <= pointer_delta(_spaces[_index]._space->end(),
194                                  _spaces[_index]._compaction_top)) {
195         HeapWord* result = _spaces[_index]._compaction_top;
196         _spaces[_index]._compaction_top += words;
197         if (_index == 0) {
198           // old-gen requires BOT update
199           _old_gen->update_for_block(result, result + words);
200         }
201         return result;
202       }
203 
204       // out-of-memory in this space
205       _index++;
206       assert(_index < max_num_spaces - 1, "the last space should not be used");
207       words = (old_obj == _spaces[_index]._compaction_top) ? old_size : new_size;
208     }
209   }
210 
211   static void prefetch_read_scan(void* p) {
212     if (PrefetchScanIntervalInBytes >= 0) {
213       Prefetch::read(p, PrefetchScanIntervalInBytes);
214     }
215   }
216 
217   static void prefetch_write_scan(void* p) {
218     if (PrefetchScanIntervalInBytes >= 0) {
219       Prefetch::write(p, PrefetchScanIntervalInBytes);
220     }
221   }
222 
223   static void prefetch_write_copy(void* p) {
224     if (PrefetchCopyIntervalInBytes >= 0) {
225       Prefetch::write(p, PrefetchCopyIntervalInBytes);
226     }
227   }
228 
229   static void forward_obj(oop obj, HeapWord* new_addr, bool after_first_dead) {
230     prefetch_write_scan(obj);
231     if (cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(obj) != new_addr) {
232       FullGCForwarding::forward_to(obj, cast_to_oop(new_addr));
233     } else {
234       assert(obj->is_gc_marked(), "inv");
235       if (!after_first_dead) {
236         // This obj will stay in-place and we'll not see it during relocation.
237         // Fix the markword.
238         obj->reinit_mark();
239       } else {
240         FullGCForwarding::forward_to(obj, cast_to_oop(new_addr));
241       }
242     }
243   }
244 
245   static HeapWord* find_next_live_addr(HeapWord* start, HeapWord* end) {
246     for (HeapWord* i_addr = start; i_addr < end; /* empty */) {
247       prefetch_read_scan(i_addr);
248       oop obj = cast_to_oop(i_addr);
249       if (obj->is_gc_marked()) {
250         return i_addr;
251       }
252       i_addr += obj->size();
253     }
254     return end;
255   };
256 
257   static size_t relocate(HeapWord* addr) {
258     // Prefetch source and destination
259     prefetch_read_scan(addr);
260 
261     oop obj = cast_to_oop(addr);
262     oop new_obj = FullGCForwarding::forwardee(obj);
263     HeapWord* new_addr = cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(new_obj);
264 
265     size_t obj_size = obj->size();
266     if (addr != new_addr) {
267       prefetch_write_copy(new_addr);
268       Copy::aligned_conjoint_words(addr, new_addr, obj_size);
269     }
270     new_obj->reinit_mark();
271     if (addr != new_addr) {
272       new_obj->initialize_hash_if_necessary(obj);
273     }
274 
275     return obj_size;
276   }
277 
278 public:
279   explicit Compacter(SerialHeap* heap) {
280     // In this order so that heap is compacted towards old-gen.
281     _spaces[0].init(heap->old_gen()->space());
282     _spaces[1].init(heap->young_gen()->eden());
283     _spaces[2].init(heap->young_gen()->from());
284 
285     bool is_promotion_failed = !heap->young_gen()->to()->is_empty();
286     if (is_promotion_failed) {
287       _spaces[3].init(heap->young_gen()->to());
288       _num_spaces = 4;
289     } else {
290       _num_spaces = 3;
291     }
292     _index = 0;
293     _old_gen = heap->old_gen();
294   }
295 
296   void phase2_calculate_new_addr() {
297     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_spaces; ++i) {
298       ContiguousSpace* space = get_space(i);
299       HeapWord* cur_addr = space->bottom();
300       HeapWord* top = space->top();
301 
302       bool record_first_dead_done = false;
303 
304       DeadSpacer dead_spacer(space);
305 
306       while (cur_addr < top) {
307         oop obj = cast_to_oop(cur_addr);
308         size_t obj_size = obj->size();
309         size_t new_size = obj->copy_size(obj_size, obj->mark());
310         if (obj->is_gc_marked()) {
311           HeapWord* new_addr = alloc(obj_size, new_size, cur_addr);
312           forward_obj(obj, new_addr, record_first_dead_done);
313           assert(obj->size() == obj_size, "size must not change after forwarding");
314           cur_addr += obj_size;
315         } else {
316           // Skipping the current known-unmarked obj
317           HeapWord* next_live_addr = find_next_live_addr(cur_addr + obj_size, top);
318           if (dead_spacer.insert_deadspace(cur_addr, next_live_addr)) {
319             // Register space for the filler obj
320             size_t size = pointer_delta(next_live_addr, cur_addr);
321             alloc(size, size, cur_addr);
322           } else {
323             if (!record_first_dead_done) {
324               record_first_dead(i, cur_addr);
325               record_first_dead_done = true;
326             }
327             *(HeapWord**)cur_addr = next_live_addr;
328           }
329           cur_addr = next_live_addr;
330         }
331       }
332 
333       if (!record_first_dead_done) {
334         record_first_dead(i, top);
335       }
336     }
337   }
338 
339   void phase3_adjust_pointers() {
340     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_spaces; ++i) {
341       ContiguousSpace* space = get_space(i);
342       HeapWord* cur_addr = space->bottom();
343       HeapWord* const top = space->top();
344       HeapWord* const first_dead = get_first_dead(i);
345 
346       while (cur_addr < top) {
347         prefetch_write_scan(cur_addr);
348         if (cur_addr < first_dead || cast_to_oop(cur_addr)->is_gc_marked()) {
349           size_t size = cast_to_oop(cur_addr)->oop_iterate_size(&SerialFullGC::adjust_pointer_closure);
350           cur_addr += size;
351         } else {
352           assert(*(HeapWord**)cur_addr > cur_addr, "forward progress");
353           cur_addr = *(HeapWord**)cur_addr;
354         }
355       }
356     }
357   }
358 
359   void phase4_compact() {
360     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_spaces; ++i) {
361       ContiguousSpace* space = get_space(i);
362       HeapWord* cur_addr = space->bottom();
363       HeapWord* top = space->top();
364 
365       // Check if the first obj inside this space is forwarded.
366       if (!FullGCForwarding::is_forwarded(cast_to_oop(cur_addr))) {
367         // Jump over consecutive (in-place) live-objs-chunk
368         cur_addr = get_first_dead(i);
369       }
370 
371       while (cur_addr < top) {
372         if (!FullGCForwarding::is_forwarded(cast_to_oop(cur_addr))) {
373           cur_addr = *(HeapWord**) cur_addr;
374           continue;
375         }
376         cur_addr += relocate(cur_addr);
377       }
378 
379       // Reset top and unused memory
380       HeapWord* new_top = get_compaction_top(i);
381       space->set_top(new_top);
382       if (ZapUnusedHeapArea && new_top < top) {
383         space->mangle_unused_area(MemRegion(new_top, top));
384       }
385     }
386   }
387 };
388 
389 template <class T> void SerialFullGC::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(T* p) {
390   mark_and_push(p);
391 }
392 
393 void SerialFullGC::push_objarray(oop obj, size_t index) {
394   ObjArrayTask task(obj, index);
395   assert(task.is_valid(), "bad ObjArrayTask");
396   _objarray_stack.push(task);
397 }
398 
399 void SerialFullGC::follow_array(objArrayOop array) {
400   mark_and_push_closure.do_klass(array->klass());
401   // Don't push empty arrays to avoid unnecessary work.
402   if (array->length() > 0) {
403     SerialFullGC::push_objarray(array, 0);
404   }
405 }
406 
407 void SerialFullGC::follow_object(oop obj) {
408   assert(obj->is_gc_marked(), "should be marked");
409   if (obj->is_objArray()) {
410     // Handle object arrays explicitly to allow them to
411     // be split into chunks if needed.
412     SerialFullGC::follow_array((objArrayOop)obj);
413   } else {
414     obj->oop_iterate(&mark_and_push_closure);
415   }
416 }
417 
418 void SerialFullGC::follow_array_chunk(objArrayOop array, int index) {
419   const int len = array->length();
420   const int beg_index = index;
421   assert(beg_index < len || len == 0, "index too large");
422 
423   const int stride = MIN2(len - beg_index, (int) ObjArrayMarkingStride);
424   const int end_index = beg_index + stride;
425 
426   array->oop_iterate_elements_range(&mark_and_push_closure, beg_index, end_index);
427 
428   if (end_index < len) {
429     SerialFullGC::push_objarray(array, end_index); // Push the continuation.
430   }
431 }
432 
433 void SerialFullGC::follow_stack() {
434   do {
435     while (!_marking_stack.is_empty()) {
436       oop obj = _marking_stack.pop();
437       assert (obj->is_gc_marked(), "p must be marked");
438       follow_object(obj);
439     }
440     // Process ObjArrays one at a time to avoid marking stack bloat.
441     if (!_objarray_stack.is_empty()) {
442       ObjArrayTask task = _objarray_stack.pop();
443       follow_array_chunk(objArrayOop(task.obj()), task.index());
444     }
445   } while (!_marking_stack.is_empty() || !_objarray_stack.is_empty());
446 }
447 
448 SerialFullGC::FollowStackClosure SerialFullGC::follow_stack_closure;
449 
450 void SerialFullGC::FollowStackClosure::do_void() { follow_stack(); }
451 
452 template <class T> void SerialFullGC::follow_root(T* p) {
453   assert(!Universe::heap()->is_in(p),
454          "roots shouldn't be things within the heap");
455   T heap_oop = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
456   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(heap_oop)) {
457     oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(heap_oop);
458     if (!obj->mark().is_marked()) {
459       mark_object(obj);
460       follow_object(obj);
461     }
462   }
463   follow_stack();
464 }
465 
466 void SerialFullGC::FollowRootClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { follow_root(p); }
467 void SerialFullGC::FollowRootClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { follow_root(p); }
468 
469 // We preserve the mark which should be replaced at the end and the location
470 // that it will go.  Note that the object that this markWord belongs to isn't
471 // currently at that address but it will be after phase4
472 void SerialFullGC::preserve_mark(oop obj, markWord mark) {
473   // We try to store preserved marks in the to space of the new generation since
474   // this is storage which should be available.  Most of the time this should be
475   // sufficient space for the marks we need to preserve but if it isn't we fall
476   // back to using Stacks to keep track of the overflow.
477   if (_preserved_count < _preserved_count_max) {
478     _preserved_marks[_preserved_count++] = PreservedMark(obj, mark);
479   } else {
480     _preserved_overflow_stack_set.get()->push_always(obj, mark);
481   }
482 }
483 
484 void SerialFullGC::phase1_mark(bool clear_all_softrefs) {
485   // Recursively traverse all live objects and mark them
486   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Phase 1: Mark live objects", _gc_timer);
487 
488   SerialHeap* gch = SerialHeap::heap();
489 
490   ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify_claimed_marks_cleared(ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_mark);
491 
492   ref_processor()->start_discovery(clear_all_softrefs);
493 
494   {
495     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm_m("Marking From Roots", gc_timer());
496 
497     // Start tracing from roots, there are 3 kinds of roots in full-gc.
498     //
499     // 1. CLD. This method internally takes care of whether class loading is
500     // enabled or not, applying the closure to both strong and weak or only
501     // strong CLDs.
502     ClassLoaderDataGraph::always_strong_cld_do(&follow_cld_closure);
503 
504     {
505       // 2. Threads stack frames and active nmethods in them.
506       NMethodMarkingScope nmethod_marking_scope;
507       MarkingNMethodClosure mark_code_closure(&follow_root_closure);
508 
509       Threads::oops_do(&follow_root_closure, &mark_code_closure);
510     }
511 
512     // 3. VM internal roots.
513     OopStorageSet::strong_oops_do(&follow_root_closure);
514   }
515 
516   // Process reference objects found during marking
517   {
518     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm_m("Reference Processing", gc_timer());
519 
520     ReferenceProcessorPhaseTimes pt(_gc_timer, ref_processor()->max_num_queues());
521     SerialGCRefProcProxyTask task(is_alive, keep_alive, follow_stack_closure);
522     const ReferenceProcessorStats& stats = ref_processor()->process_discovered_references(task, nullptr, pt);
523     pt.print_all_references();
524     gc_tracer()->report_gc_reference_stats(stats);
525   }
526 
527   // This is the point where the entire marking should have completed.
528   assert(_marking_stack.is_empty(), "Marking should have completed");
529 
530   {
531     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm_m("Weak Processing", gc_timer());
532     WeakProcessor::weak_oops_do(&is_alive, &do_nothing_cl);
533   }
534 
535   {
536     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm_m("Class Unloading", gc_timer());
537 
538     ClassUnloadingContext* ctx = ClassUnloadingContext::context();
539 
540     bool unloading_occurred;
541     {
542       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(&is_alive);
543 
544       // Unload classes and purge the SystemDictionary.
545       unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(gc_timer());
546 
547       // Unload nmethods.
548       CodeCache::do_unloading(unloading_occurred);
549     }
550 
551     {
552       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) t("Purge Unlinked NMethods", gc_timer());
553       // Release unloaded nmethod's memory.
554       ctx->purge_nmethods();
555     }
556     {
557       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) ur("Unregister NMethods", gc_timer());
558       gch->prune_unlinked_nmethods();
559     }
560     {
561       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) t("Free Code Blobs", gc_timer());
562       ctx->free_nmethods();
563     }
564 
565     // Prune dead klasses from subklass/sibling/implementor lists.
566     Klass::clean_weak_klass_links(unloading_occurred);
567   }
568 
569   {
570     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm_m("Report Object Count", gc_timer());
571     gc_tracer()->report_object_count_after_gc(&is_alive, nullptr);
572   }
573 }
574 
575 void SerialFullGC::allocate_stacks() {
576   void* scratch = nullptr;
577   size_t num_words;
578   DefNewGeneration* young_gen = (DefNewGeneration*)SerialHeap::heap()->young_gen();
579   young_gen->contribute_scratch(scratch, num_words);
580 
581   if (scratch != nullptr) {
582     _preserved_count_max = num_words * HeapWordSize / sizeof(PreservedMark);
583   } else {
584     _preserved_count_max = 0;
585   }
586 
587   _preserved_marks = (PreservedMark*)scratch;
588   _preserved_count = 0;
589 
590   _preserved_overflow_stack_set.init(1);
591 }
592 
593 void SerialFullGC::deallocate_stacks() {
594   if (_preserved_count_max != 0) {
595     DefNewGeneration* young_gen = (DefNewGeneration*)SerialHeap::heap()->young_gen();
596     young_gen->reset_scratch();
597   }
598 
599   _preserved_overflow_stack_set.reclaim();
600   _marking_stack.clear();
601   _objarray_stack.clear(true);
602 }
603 
604 void SerialFullGC::mark_object(oop obj) {
605   if (StringDedup::is_enabled() &&
606       java_lang_String::is_instance(obj) &&
607       SerialStringDedup::is_candidate_from_mark(obj)) {
608     _string_dedup_requests->add(obj);
609   }
610 
611   // some marks may contain information we need to preserve so we store them away
612   // and overwrite the mark.  We'll restore it at the end of serial full GC.
613   markWord mark = obj->mark();
614   obj->set_mark(mark.set_marked());
615 
616   ContinuationGCSupport::transform_stack_chunk(obj);
617 
618   if (obj->mark_must_be_preserved(mark)) {
619     preserve_mark(obj, mark);
620   }
621 }
622 
623 template <class T> void SerialFullGC::mark_and_push(T* p) {
624   T heap_oop = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
625   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(heap_oop)) {
626     oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(heap_oop);
627     if (!obj->mark().is_marked()) {
628       mark_object(obj);
629       _marking_stack.push(obj);
630     }
631   }
632 }
633 
634 template <typename T>
635 void MarkAndPushClosure::do_oop_work(T* p)            { SerialFullGC::mark_and_push(p); }
636 void MarkAndPushClosure::do_oop(      oop* p)         { do_oop_work(p); }
637 void MarkAndPushClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p)         { do_oop_work(p); }
638 
639 template <class T> void SerialFullGC::adjust_pointer(T* p) {
640   T heap_oop = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
641   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(heap_oop)) {
642     oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(heap_oop);
643     assert(Universe::heap()->is_in(obj), "should be in heap");
644 
645     if (FullGCForwarding::is_forwarded(obj)) {
646       oop new_obj = FullGCForwarding::forwardee(obj);
647       assert(is_object_aligned(new_obj), "oop must be aligned");
648       RawAccess<IS_NOT_NULL>::oop_store(p, new_obj);
649     }
650   }
651 }
652 
653 template <typename T>
654 void AdjustPointerClosure::do_oop_work(T* p)           { SerialFullGC::adjust_pointer(p); }
655 inline void AdjustPointerClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
656 inline void AdjustPointerClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
657 
658 AdjustPointerClosure SerialFullGC::adjust_pointer_closure;
659 
660 void SerialFullGC::adjust_marks() {
661   // adjust the oops we saved earlier
662   for (size_t i = 0; i < _preserved_count; i++) {
663     PreservedMarks::adjust_preserved_mark(_preserved_marks + i);
664   }
665 
666   // deal with the overflow stack
667   _preserved_overflow_stack_set.get()->adjust_during_full_gc();
668 }
669 
670 void SerialFullGC::restore_marks() {
671   log_trace(gc)("Restoring %zu marks", _preserved_count + _preserved_overflow_stack_set.get()->size());
672 
673   // restore the marks we saved earlier
674   for (size_t i = 0; i < _preserved_count; i++) {
675     _preserved_marks[i].set_mark();
676   }
677 
678   // deal with the overflow
679   _preserved_overflow_stack_set.restore(nullptr);
680 }
681 
682 SerialFullGC::IsAliveClosure   SerialFullGC::is_alive;
683 
684 bool SerialFullGC::IsAliveClosure::do_object_b(oop p) { return p->is_gc_marked(); }
685 
686 SerialFullGC::KeepAliveClosure SerialFullGC::keep_alive;
687 
688 void SerialFullGC::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop(oop* p)       { SerialFullGC::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
689 void SerialFullGC::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) { SerialFullGC::KeepAliveClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
690 
691 void SerialFullGC::initialize() {
692   SerialFullGC::_gc_timer = new STWGCTimer();
693   SerialFullGC::_gc_tracer = new SerialOldTracer();
694   SerialFullGC::_string_dedup_requests = new StringDedup::Requests();
695 
696   // The Full GC operates on the entire heap so all objects should be subject
697   // to discovery, hence the _always_true_closure.
698   SerialFullGC::_ref_processor = new ReferenceProcessor(&_always_true_closure);
699   mark_and_push_closure.set_ref_discoverer(_ref_processor);
700 }
701 
702 void SerialFullGC::invoke_at_safepoint(bool clear_all_softrefs) {
703   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at a safepoint");
704 
705   SerialHeap* gch = SerialHeap::heap();
706 
707   gch->trace_heap_before_gc(_gc_tracer);
708 
709   // Capture used regions for old-gen to reestablish old-to-young invariant
710   // after full-gc.
711   gch->old_gen()->save_used_region();
712 
713   allocate_stacks();
714 
715   // Usually, all class unloading work occurs at the end of phase 1, but Serial
716   // full-gc accesses dead-objs' klass to find out the start of next live-obj
717   // during phase 2. This requires klasses of dead-objs to be kept loaded.
718   // Therefore, we declare ClassUnloadingContext at the same level as
719   // full-gc phases, and purge dead classes (invoking
720   // ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge) after all phases of full-gc.
721   ClassUnloadingContext ctx(1 /* num_nmethod_unlink_workers */,
722                             false /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
723                             false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
724 
725   phase1_mark(clear_all_softrefs);
726 
727   FullGCForwarding::begin();
728 
729   Compacter compacter{gch};
730 
731   {
732     // Now all live objects are marked, compute the new object addresses.
733     GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Phase 2: Compute new object addresses", _gc_timer);
734 
735     compacter.phase2_calculate_new_addr();
736   }
737 
738   // Don't add any more derived pointers during phase3
739 #ifdef COMPILER2
740   assert(DerivedPointerTable::is_active(), "Sanity");
741   DerivedPointerTable::set_active(false);
742 #endif // COMPILER2
743 
744   {
745     // Adjust the pointers to reflect the new locations
746     GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Phase 3: Adjust pointers", gc_timer());
747 
748     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify_claimed_marks_cleared(ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_adjust);
749 
750     // Remap strong and weak roots in adjust phase.
751     // 1. All (strong and weak) CLDs.
752     ClassLoaderDataGraph::cld_do(&adjust_cld_closure);
753 
754     // 2. Threads stack frames. No need to visit on-stack nmethods, because all
755     // nmethods are visited in one go via CodeCache::nmethods_do.
756     Threads::oops_do(&adjust_pointer_closure, nullptr);
757     NMethodToOopClosure nmethod_cl(&adjust_pointer_closure, NMethodToOopClosure::FixRelocations);
758     CodeCache::nmethods_do(&nmethod_cl);
759 
760     // 3. VM internal roots
761     OopStorageSet::strong_oops_do(&adjust_pointer_closure);
762 
763     // 4. VM internal weak roots
764     WeakProcessor::oops_do(&adjust_pointer_closure);
765 
766     adjust_marks();
767     compacter.phase3_adjust_pointers();
768   }
769 
770   {
771     // All pointers are now adjusted, move objects accordingly
772     GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Phase 4: Move objects", _gc_timer);
773 
774     compacter.phase4_compact();
775   }
776 
777   // Delete metaspaces for unloaded class loaders and clean up CLDG.
778   ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
779   DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
780 
781   // Need to clear claim bits for the next full-gc (specifically phase 1 and 3).
782   ClassLoaderDataGraph::clear_claimed_marks();
783 
784   restore_marks();
785 
786   FullGCForwarding::end();
787 
788   deallocate_stacks();
789 
790   SerialFullGC::_string_dedup_requests->flush();
791 
792   bool is_young_gen_empty = (gch->young_gen()->used() == 0);
793   gch->rem_set()->maintain_old_to_young_invariant(gch->old_gen(), is_young_gen_empty);
794 
795   gch->prune_scavengable_nmethods();
796 
797   // Update heap occupancy information which is used as
798   // input to soft ref clearing policy at the next gc.
799   Universe::heap()->update_capacity_and_used_at_gc();
800 
801   // Signal that we have completed a visit to all live objects.
802   Universe::heap()->record_whole_heap_examined_timestamp();
803 
804   gch->trace_heap_after_gc(_gc_tracer);
805 }