1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2019, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
  3  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
  4  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  5  *
  6  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  7  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  9  *
 10  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 11  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 12  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 13  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 14  * accompanied this code).
 15  *
 16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 17  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 18  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 19  *
 20  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 21  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 22  * questions.
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 25 
 26 #ifndef SHARE_GC_SHENANDOAH_SHENANDOAHHEAPREGION_HPP
 27 #define SHARE_GC_SHENANDOAH_SHENANDOAHHEAPREGION_HPP
 28 
 29 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
 30 #include "gc/shared/spaceDecorator.hpp"
 31 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAffiliation.hpp"
 32 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAgeCensus.hpp"
 33 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRequest.hpp"
 34 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAsserts.hpp"
 35 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.hpp"
 36 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPadding.hpp"
 37 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
 38 #include "utilities/sizes.hpp"
 39 
 40 class VMStructs;
 41 class ShenandoahHeapRegionStateConstant;
 42 
 43 class ShenandoahHeapRegion {
 44   friend class VMStructs;
 45   friend class ShenandoahHeapRegionStateConstant;
 46 private:
 47 
 48   /*
 49     Region state is described by a state machine. Transitions are guarded by
 50     heap lock, which allows changing the state of several regions atomically.
 51     Region states can be logically aggregated in groups.
 52 
 53       "Empty":
 54       .................................................................
 55       .                                                               .
 56       .                                                               .
 57       .         Uncommitted  <-------  Committed <------------------------\
 58       .              |                     |                          .   |
 59       .              \---------v-----------/                          .   |
 60       .                        |                                      .   |
 61       .........................|.......................................   |
 62                                |                                          |
 63       "Active":                |                                          |
 64       .........................|.......................................   |
 65       .                        |                                      .   |
 66       .      /-----------------^-------------------\                  .   |
 67       .      |                                     |                  .   |
 68       .      v                                     v    "Humongous":  .   |
 69       .   Regular ---\-----\     ..................O................  .   |
 70       .     |  ^     |     |     .                 |               .  .   |
 71       .     |  |     |     |     .                 *---------\     .  .   |
 72       .     v  |     |     |     .                 v         v     .  .   |
 73       .    Pinned  Cset    |     .  HStart <--> H/Start   H/Cont   .  .   |
 74       .       ^    / |     |     .  Pinned         v         |     .  .   |
 75       .       |   /  |     |     .                 *<--------/     .  .   |
 76       .       |  v   |     |     .                 |               .  .   |
 77       .  CsetPinned  |     |     ..................O................  .   |
 78       .              |     |                       |                  .   |
 79       .              \-----\---v-------------------/                  .   |
 80       .                        |                                      .   |
 81       .........................|.......................................   |
 82                                |                                          |
 83       "Trash":                 |                                          |
 84       .........................|.......................................   |
 85       .                        |                                      .   |
 86       .                        v                                      .   |
 87       .                      Trash ---------------------------------------/
 88       .                                                               .
 89       .                                                               .
 90       .................................................................
 91 
 92     Transition from "Empty" to "Active" is first allocation. It can go from {Uncommitted, Committed}
 93     to {Regular, "Humongous"}. The allocation may happen in Regular regions too, but not in Humongous.
 94 
 95     Transition from "Active" to "Trash" is reclamation. It can go from CSet during the normal cycle,
 96     and from {Regular, "Humongous"} for immediate reclamation. The existence of Trash state allows
 97     quick reclamation without actual cleaning up.
 98 
 99     Transition from "Trash" to "Empty" is recycling. It cleans up the regions and corresponding metadata.
100     Can be done asynchronously and in bulk.
101 
102     Note how internal transitions disallow logic bugs:
103       a) No region can go Empty, unless properly reclaimed/recycled;
104       b) No region can go Uncommitted, unless reclaimed/recycled first;
105       c) Only Regular regions can go to CSet;
106       d) Pinned cannot go Trash, thus it could never be reclaimed until unpinned;
107       e) Pinned cannot go CSet, thus it never moves;
108       f) Humongous cannot be used for regular allocations;
109       g) Humongous cannot go CSet, thus it never moves;
110       h) Humongous start can go pinned, and thus can be protected from moves (humongous continuations should
111          follow associated humongous starts, not pinnable/movable by themselves);
112       i) Empty cannot go Trash, avoiding useless work;
113       j) ...
114    */
115 
116   enum RegionState {
117     _empty_uncommitted,       // region is empty and has memory uncommitted
118     _empty_committed,         // region is empty and has memory committed
119     _regular,                 // region is for regular allocations
120     _humongous_start,         // region is the humongous start
121     _humongous_cont,          // region is the humongous continuation
122     _pinned_humongous_start,  // region is both humongous start and pinned
123     _cset,                    // region is in collection set
124     _pinned,                  // region is pinned
125     _pinned_cset,             // region is pinned and in cset (evac failure path)
126     _trash,                   // region contains only trash
127     _REGION_STATES_NUM        // last
128   };
129 
130 public:
131   static const char* region_state_to_string(RegionState s) {
132     switch (s) {
133       case _empty_uncommitted:       return "Empty Uncommitted";
134       case _empty_committed:         return "Empty Committed";
135       case _regular:                 return "Regular";
136       case _humongous_start:         return "Humongous Start";
137       case _humongous_cont:          return "Humongous Continuation";
138       case _pinned_humongous_start:  return "Humongous Start, Pinned";
139       case _cset:                    return "Collection Set";
140       case _pinned:                  return "Pinned";
141       case _pinned_cset:             return "Collection Set, Pinned";
142       case _trash:                   return "Trash";
143       default:
144         ShouldNotReachHere();
145         return "";
146     }
147   }
148 
149 private:
150   // This method protects from accidental changes in enum order:
151   int region_state_to_ordinal(RegionState s) const {
152     switch (s) {
153       case _empty_uncommitted:      return 0;
154       case _empty_committed:        return 1;
155       case _regular:                return 2;
156       case _humongous_start:        return 3;
157       case _humongous_cont:         return 4;
158       case _cset:                   return 5;
159       case _pinned:                 return 6;
160       case _trash:                  return 7;
161       case _pinned_cset:            return 8;
162       case _pinned_humongous_start: return 9;
163       default:
164         ShouldNotReachHere();
165         return -1;
166     }
167   }
168 
169   void report_illegal_transition(const char* method);
170   void recycle_internal();
171 
172 public:
173   static int region_states_num() {
174     return _REGION_STATES_NUM;
175   }
176 
177   // Allowed transitions from the outside code:
178   void make_regular_allocation(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation);
179   void make_affiliated_maybe();
180   void make_regular_bypass();
181   void make_humongous_start();
182   void make_humongous_cont();
183   void make_humongous_start_bypass(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation);
184   void make_humongous_cont_bypass(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation);
185   void make_pinned();
186   void make_unpinned();
187   void make_cset();
188   void make_trash();
189   void make_trash_immediate();
190   void make_empty();
191   void make_uncommitted();
192   void make_committed_bypass();
193 
194   // Primitive state predicates
195   bool is_empty_uncommitted()      const { return state() == _empty_uncommitted; }
196   bool is_empty_committed()        const { return state() == _empty_committed; }
197   bool is_regular()                const { return state() == _regular; }
198   bool is_humongous_continuation() const { return state() == _humongous_cont; }
199   bool is_regular_pinned()         const { return state() == _pinned; }
200   bool is_trash()                  const { return is_trash(state()); }
201 
202   // Derived state predicates (boolean combinations of individual states)
203   bool static is_trash(RegionState state) { return state == _trash; }
204   bool static is_empty_state(RegionState state) { return state == _empty_committed || state == _empty_uncommitted; }
205   bool static is_humongous_start_state(RegionState state) { return state == _humongous_start || state == _pinned_humongous_start; }
206   bool is_empty_or_trash()         const { auto cur_state = state(); return is_empty_state(cur_state) || cur_state == _trash; }
207   bool is_empty()                  const { return is_empty_state(this->state()); }
208   bool is_active()                 const { auto cur_state = state(); return !is_empty_state(cur_state) && cur_state != _trash; }
209   bool is_humongous_start()        const { return is_humongous_start_state(state()); }
210   bool is_humongous()              const { auto cur_state = state(); return is_humongous_start_state(cur_state) || cur_state == _humongous_cont; }
211   bool is_committed()              const { return !is_empty_uncommitted(); }
212   bool is_cset()                   const { auto cur_state = state(); return cur_state == _cset || cur_state == _pinned_cset; }
213   bool is_pinned()                 const { auto cur_state = state(); return cur_state == _pinned || cur_state == _pinned_cset || cur_state == _pinned_humongous_start; }
214   bool is_regular_or_regular_pinned() const { auto cur_state = state(); return cur_state == _regular || cur_state == _pinned; }
215 
216   inline bool is_young() const;
217   inline bool is_old() const;
218   inline bool is_affiliated() const;
219 
220   // Macro-properties:
221   bool is_alloc_allowed()          const { auto cur_state = state(); return is_empty_state(cur_state) || cur_state == _regular || cur_state == _pinned; }
222   bool is_stw_move_allowed()       const { auto cur_state = state(); return cur_state == _regular || cur_state == _cset || (ShenandoahHumongousMoves && cur_state == _humongous_start); }
223 
224   RegionState state()              const { return _state.load_acquire(); }
225   int  state_ordinal()             const { return region_state_to_ordinal(state()); }
226 
227   void record_pin();
228   void record_unpin();
229   size_t pin_count() const;
230 
231 private:
232   static size_t RegionCount;
233   static size_t RegionSizeBytes;
234   static size_t RegionSizeWords;
235   static size_t RegionSizeBytesShift;
236   static size_t RegionSizeWordsShift;
237   static size_t RegionSizeBytesMask;
238   static size_t RegionSizeWordsMask;
239   static size_t MaxTLABSizeBytes;
240   static size_t MaxTLABSizeWords;
241 
242   // Never updated fields
243   size_t const _index;
244   HeapWord* const _bottom;
245   HeapWord* const _end;
246 
247   // Rarely updated fields
248   HeapWord* _new_top;
249   double _empty_time;
250 
251   HeapWord* _top_before_promoted;
252   HeapWord* _top_at_evac_start;
253 
254   // Seldom updated fields
255   Atomic<RegionState> _state;
256   HeapWord* _coalesce_and_fill_boundary; // for old regions not selected as collection set candidates.
257 
258   // Frequently updated fields
259   HeapWord* _top;
260 
261   size_t _tlab_allocs;
262   size_t _gclab_allocs;
263   size_t _plab_allocs;
264 
265   Atomic<size_t> _live_data;
266   Atomic<size_t> _critical_pins;
267 
268   size_t _mixed_candidate_garbage_words;
269 
270   Atomic<HeapWord*> _update_watermark;
271 
272   uint _age;
273   bool _promoted_in_place;
274   CENSUS_NOISE(uint _youth;)   // tracks epochs of retrograde ageing (rejuvenation)
275 
276   ShenandoahSharedFlag _recycling; // Used to indicate that the region is being recycled; see try_recycle*().
277 
278   // Set when an evacuation failure self-forwarded at least one object in this
279   // region. The drain at degen/full GC entry scans flagged regions and CAS-
280   // clears the self_fwd bits. Safety-net reset on region recycle.
281   ShenandoahSharedFlag _has_self_forwards;
282 
283   bool _needs_bitmap_reset;
284 
285 public:
286   ShenandoahHeapRegion(HeapWord* start, size_t index, bool committed);
287 
288   // Absolute minimums and maximums we should not ever break.
289   static const size_t MIN_NUM_REGIONS = 10;
290   static const size_t MIN_REGION_SIZE = 256*K;
291   static const size_t MAX_REGION_SIZE = 32*M;
292 
293   // Return adjusted max heap size
294   static size_t setup_sizes(size_t max_heap_size);
295 
296   double empty_time() {
297     return _empty_time;
298   }
299 
300   inline static size_t required_regions(size_t bytes) {
301     return (bytes + ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() - 1) >> ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_shift();
302   }
303 
304   // Whether an allocation of the given word size must occupy a contiguous run of
305   // humongous regions rather than fitting in a single region.
306   //
307   // may_expand_for_hash must be set only when 'words' is the *base* size of a
308   // freshly allocated, not-yet-hashed object that could later grow by one word
309   // when an identity hash-code is injected as it is copied during GC (see
310   // oopDesc::copy_size). In that case we account for that potential growth when
311   // deciding whether the object needs the humongous path, so an object whose
312   // expanded form would overflow a region is routed to humongous from the start.
313   // It must be false for every size that is already final:
314   //   - the live size of an existing object (obj->size()), which already includes
315   //     the hash word once the object has been expanded by a prior GC copy;
316   //   - an evacuation/promotion copy size (copy_size()), which is already expanded;
317   //   - a raw LAB buffer (TLAB/GCLAB/PLAB), which never grows.
318   inline static bool requires_humongous(size_t words, bool may_expand_for_hash) {
319     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && may_expand_for_hash) {
320       words = oopDesc::hash_expanded_size(words);
321     }
322     return words > ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWords;
323   }
324 
325   inline static size_t region_count() {
326     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionCount;
327   }
328 
329   inline static size_t region_size_bytes() {
330     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytes;
331   }
332 
333   inline static size_t region_size_words() {
334     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWords;
335   }
336 
337   inline static size_t region_size_bytes_shift() {
338     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytesShift;
339   }
340 
341   inline static size_t region_size_words_shift() {
342     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWordsShift;
343   }
344 
345   inline static size_t region_size_bytes_mask() {
346     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytesMask;
347   }
348 
349   inline static size_t region_size_words_mask() {
350     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWordsMask;
351   }
352 
353   // Convert to jint with sanity checking
354   inline static jint region_size_bytes_jint() {
355     assert (ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytes <= (size_t)max_jint, "sanity");
356     return (jint)ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytes;
357   }
358 
359   // Convert to jint with sanity checking
360   inline static jint region_size_words_jint() {
361     assert (ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWords <= (size_t)max_jint, "sanity");
362     return (jint)ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWords;
363   }
364 
365   // Convert to jint with sanity checking
366   inline static jint region_size_bytes_shift_jint() {
367     assert (ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytesShift <= (size_t)max_jint, "sanity");
368     return (jint)ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeBytesShift;
369   }
370 
371   // Convert to jint with sanity checking
372   inline static jint region_size_words_shift_jint() {
373     assert (ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWordsShift <= (size_t)max_jint, "sanity");
374     return (jint)ShenandoahHeapRegion::RegionSizeWordsShift;
375   }
376 
377   inline static size_t max_tlab_size_bytes() {
378     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::MaxTLABSizeBytes;
379   }
380 
381   inline static size_t max_tlab_size_words() {
382     return ShenandoahHeapRegion::MaxTLABSizeWords;
383   }
384 
385   inline size_t index() const {
386     return _index;
387   }
388 
389   inline void save_top_before_promote();
390   inline HeapWord* get_top_before_promote() const { return _top_before_promoted; }
391 
392   inline void set_promoted_in_place() {
393     _promoted_in_place = true;
394   }
395 
396   // Returns true iff this region was promoted in place subsequent to the most recent start of concurrent old marking.
397   bool was_promoted_in_place() const {
398     return _promoted_in_place;
399   }
400   inline void restore_top_before_promote();
401   inline size_t garbage_before_padded_for_promote() const;
402 
403   HeapWord* get_top_at_evac_start() const { return _top_at_evac_start; }
404   void record_top_at_evac_start()         { _top_at_evac_start = _top; }
405 
406   // Allocation (return nullptr if full)
407   inline HeapWord* allocate(size_t word_size, const ShenandoahAllocRequest& req);
408 
409   // Allocate fill after top
410   inline HeapWord* allocate_fill(size_t word_size);
411 
412   inline void clear_live_data();
413   void set_live_data(size_t s);
414 
415   // Increase live data for newly allocated region
416   inline void increase_live_data_alloc_words(size_t s);
417 
418   // Increase live data for region scanned with GC
419   inline void increase_live_data_gc_words(size_t s);
420 
421   inline bool has_live() const;
422 
423   // Represents the number of live bytes identified by most recent marking effort.  Does not include the bytes
424   // above TAMS.
425   inline size_t get_live_data_bytes() const;
426 
427   // Represents the number of live words identified by most recent marking effort.  Does not include the words
428   // above TAMS.
429   inline size_t get_live_data_words() const;
430 
431   inline size_t get_mixed_candidate_live_data_bytes() const;
432   inline size_t get_mixed_candidate_live_data_words() const;
433 
434   inline void capture_mixed_candidate_garbage();
435 
436   // Returns garbage by calculating difference between used and get_live_data_words.  The value returned is only
437   // meaningful immediately following completion of marking.  If there have been subsequent allocations in this region,
438   // use a different approach to determine garbage, such as (used() - get_mixed_candidate_live_data_bytes())
439   inline size_t garbage() const;
440 
441   void print_on(outputStream* st) const;
442 
443   void try_recycle_under_lock();
444 
445   void try_recycle();
446 
447   inline void begin_preemptible_coalesce_and_fill() {
448     _coalesce_and_fill_boundary = _bottom;
449   }
450 
451   inline void end_preemptible_coalesce_and_fill() {
452     _coalesce_and_fill_boundary = _end;
453   }
454 
455   inline void suspend_coalesce_and_fill(HeapWord* next_focus) {
456     _coalesce_and_fill_boundary = next_focus;
457   }
458 
459   inline HeapWord* resume_coalesce_and_fill() {
460     return _coalesce_and_fill_boundary;
461   }
462 
463   // Coalesce contiguous spans of garbage objects by filling header and registering start locations with remembered set.
464   // This is used by old-gen GC following concurrent marking to make old-gen HeapRegions parsable. Old regions must be
465   // parsable because the mark bitmap is not reliable during the concurrent old mark.
466   // Return true iff region is completely coalesced and filled.  Returns false if cancelled before task is complete.
467   bool oop_coalesce_and_fill(bool cancellable);
468 
469   // Invoke closure on every reference contained within the humongous object that spans this humongous
470   // region if the reference is contained within a DIRTY card and the reference is no more than words following
471   // start within the humongous object.
472   void oop_iterate_humongous_slice_dirty(OopIterateClosure* cl, HeapWord* start, size_t words, bool write_table) const;
473 
474   // Invoke closure on every reference contained within the humongous object starting from start and
475   // ending at start + words.
476   void oop_iterate_humongous_slice_all(OopIterateClosure* cl, HeapWord* start, size_t words) const;
477 
478   HeapWord* block_start(const void* p) const;
479   size_t block_size(const HeapWord* p) const;
480   bool block_is_obj(const HeapWord* p) const { return p < top(); }
481 
482   // Find humongous start region that this region belongs to
483   ShenandoahHeapRegion* humongous_start_region() const;
484 
485   HeapWord* top() const         { return _top;     }
486   void set_top(HeapWord* v)     { _top = v;        }
487 
488   HeapWord* new_top() const     { return _new_top; }
489   void set_new_top(HeapWord* v) { _new_top = v;    }
490 
491   HeapWord* bottom() const      { return _bottom;  }
492   HeapWord* end() const         { return _end;     }
493 
494   size_t capacity() const       { return byte_size(bottom(), end()); }
495   size_t used() const           { return byte_size(bottom(), top()); }
496   size_t used_before_promote() const { return byte_size(bottom(), get_top_before_promote()); }
497   size_t free() const           { return byte_size(top(),    end()); }
498 
499   // Does this region contain this address?
500   bool contains(HeapWord* p) const {
501     return (bottom() <= p) && (p < top());
502   }
503 
504   inline void adjust_alloc_metadata(const ShenandoahAllocRequest &req, size_t);
505   void reset_alloc_metadata();
506   size_t get_shared_allocs() const;
507   size_t get_tlab_allocs() const;
508   size_t get_gclab_allocs() const;
509   size_t get_plab_allocs() const;
510 
511   inline HeapWord* get_update_watermark() const;
512   inline void set_update_watermark(HeapWord* w);
513   inline void set_update_watermark_at_safepoint(HeapWord* w);
514 
515   inline ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation() const;
516   inline const char* affiliation_name() const;
517 
518   void set_affiliation(ShenandoahAffiliation new_affiliation);
519 
520   // Region ageing and rejuvenation
521   uint age() const { return _age; }
522   CENSUS_NOISE(uint youth() const { return _youth; })
523 
524   void increment_age() {
525     const uint max_age = markWord::max_age;
526     assert(_age <= max_age, "Error");
527     if (_age++ >= max_age) {
528       _age = max_age;   // clamp
529     }
530   }
531 
532   void reset_age() {
533     CENSUS_NOISE(_youth += _age;)
534     _age = 0;
535   }
536 
537   CENSUS_NOISE(void clear_youth() { _youth = 0; })
538 
539   inline bool need_bitmap_reset() const {
540     return _needs_bitmap_reset;
541   }
542 
543   inline void set_needs_bitmap_reset() {
544     _needs_bitmap_reset = true;
545   }
546 
547   inline void unset_needs_bitmap_reset() {
548     _needs_bitmap_reset = false;
549   }
550 
551   // Self-forward accounting: set by an evacuating thread after it successfully
552   // installs a self-forward mark on an object in this region. Tested and cleared
553   // at the drain phase (degen/full GC entry) and again on region recycle.
554   bool has_self_forwards() const { return _has_self_forwards.is_set(); }
555   void set_has_self_forwards()   { _has_self_forwards.set(); }
556   void clear_has_self_forwards() { _has_self_forwards.unset(); }
557 
558 private:
559   void decrement_humongous_waste();
560   void do_commit();
561   void do_uncommit();
562 
563   inline void internal_increase_live_data(size_t s);
564 
565   void set_state(RegionState to);
566 };
567 
568 #endif // SHARE_GC_SHENANDOAH_SHENANDOAHHEAPREGION_HPP