1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2019, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package sun.nio.ch;
  27 
  28 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
  29 import java.io.IOException;
  30 import java.io.InputStream;
  31 import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
  32 import java.io.OutputStream;
  33 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
  34 import java.lang.ref.Cleaner.Cleanable;
  35 import java.net.InetAddress;
  36 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  37 import java.net.ProtocolFamily;
  38 import java.net.SocketAddress;
  39 import java.net.SocketException;
  40 import java.net.SocketImpl;
  41 import java.net.SocketOption;
  42 import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
  43 import java.net.StandardProtocolFamily;
  44 import java.net.StandardSocketOptions;
  45 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
  46 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  47 import java.util.Collections;
  48 import java.util.HashSet;
  49 import java.util.Objects;
  50 import java.util.Set;
  51 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
  52 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
  53 
  54 import jdk.internal.access.JavaIOFileDescriptorAccess;
  55 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
  56 import jdk.internal.ref.CleanerFactory;
  57 import sun.net.ConnectionResetException;
  58 import sun.net.PlatformSocketImpl;
  59 import sun.net.ext.ExtendedSocketOptions;
  60 import jdk.internal.util.Exceptions;
  61 
  62 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS;
  63 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS;
  64 import static jdk.internal.util.Exceptions.filterNonSocketInfo;
  65 import static jdk.internal.util.Exceptions.formatMsg;
  66 
  67 /**
  68  * NIO based SocketImpl.
  69  *
  70  * The underlying socket used by this SocketImpl is initially configured blocking.
  71  * If a connect, accept or read is attempted with a timeout, or a virtual
  72  * thread invokes a blocking operation, then the socket is changed to non-blocking
  73  * When in non-blocking mode, operations that don't complete immediately will
  74  * poll the socket (or park when invoked on a virtual thread) and preserve
  75  * the semantics of blocking operations.
  76  */
  77 
  78 public final class NioSocketImpl extends SocketImpl implements PlatformSocketImpl {
  79     private static final NativeDispatcher nd = new SocketDispatcher();
  80 
  81     // The maximum number of bytes to read/write per syscall to avoid needing
  82     // a huge buffer from the temporary buffer cache
  83     private static final int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024;
  84 
  85     // true if this is a SocketImpl for a ServerSocket
  86     private final boolean server;
  87 
  88     // Lock held when reading (also used when accepting or connecting)
  89     private final ReentrantLock readLock = new ReentrantLock();
  90 
  91     // Lock held when writing
  92     private final ReentrantLock writeLock = new ReentrantLock();
  93 
  94     // The stateLock for read/changing state
  95     private final Object stateLock = new Object();
  96     private static final int ST_NEW = 0;
  97     private static final int ST_UNCONNECTED = 1;
  98     private static final int ST_CONNECTING = 2;
  99     private static final int ST_CONNECTED = 3;
 100     private static final int ST_CLOSING = 4;
 101     private static final int ST_CLOSED = 5;
 102     private volatile int state;  // need stateLock to change
 103 
 104     private Cleanable cleaner;
 105 
 106     // set to true when the socket is in non-blocking mode
 107     private volatile boolean nonBlocking;
 108 
 109     // used by connect/read/write/accept, protected by stateLock
 110     private long readerThread;
 111     private long writerThread;
 112 
 113     // used when SO_REUSEADDR is emulated, protected by stateLock
 114     private boolean isReuseAddress;
 115 
 116     // read or accept timeout in millis
 117     private volatile int timeout;
 118 
 119     // flags to indicate if the connection is shutdown for input and output
 120     private volatile boolean isInputClosed;
 121     private volatile boolean isOutputClosed;
 122 
 123     // used by read to emulate legacy behavior, protected by readLock
 124     private boolean readEOF;
 125     private boolean connectionReset;
 126 
 127     /**
 128      * Creates an instance of this SocketImpl.
 129      * @param server true if this is a SocketImpl for a ServerSocket
 130      */
 131     public NioSocketImpl(boolean server) {
 132         this.server = server;
 133     }
 134 
 135     /**
 136      * Returns true if the socket is open.
 137      */
 138     private boolean isOpen() {
 139         return state < ST_CLOSING;
 140     }
 141 
 142     /**
 143      * Throws SocketException if the socket is not open.
 144      */
 145     private void ensureOpen() throws SocketException {
 146         int state = this.state;
 147         if (state == ST_NEW)
 148             throw new SocketException("Socket not created");
 149         if (state >= ST_CLOSING)
 150             throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 151     }
 152 
 153     /**
 154      * Throws SocketException if the socket is not open and connected.
 155      */
 156     private void ensureOpenAndConnected() throws SocketException {
 157         int state = this.state;
 158         if (state < ST_CONNECTED)
 159             throw new SocketException("Not connected");
 160         if (state > ST_CONNECTED)
 161             throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 162     }
 163 
 164     /**
 165      * Disables the current thread for scheduling purposes until the
 166      * socket is ready for I/O or is asynchronously closed, for up to the
 167      * specified waiting time.
 168      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
 169      */
 170     private void park(FileDescriptor fd, int event, long nanos) throws IOException {
 171         Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
 172         if (t.isVirtual()) {
 173             Poller.poll(fdVal(fd), event, nanos, this::isOpen);
 174             if (t.isInterrupted()) {
 175                 throw new InterruptedIOException();
 176             }
 177         } else {
 178             long millis;
 179             if (nanos == 0) {
 180                 millis = -1;
 181             } else {
 182                 millis = NANOSECONDS.toMillis(nanos);
 183                 if (nanos > MILLISECONDS.toNanos(millis)) {
 184                     // Round up any excess nanos to the nearest millisecond to
 185                     // avoid parking for less than requested.
 186                     millis++;
 187                 }
 188             }
 189             Net.poll(fd, event, millis);
 190         }
 191     }
 192 
 193     /**
 194      * Disables the current thread for scheduling purposes until the socket is
 195      * ready for I/O or is asynchronously closed.
 196      * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
 197      */
 198     private void park(FileDescriptor fd, int event) throws IOException {
 199         park(fd, event, 0);
 200     }
 201 
 202     /**
 203      * Ensures that the socket is configured non-blocking invoked on a virtual
 204      * thread or the operation has a timeout
 205      * @throws IOException if there is an I/O error changing the blocking mode
 206      */
 207     private void configureNonBlockingIfNeeded(FileDescriptor fd, boolean timed)
 208         throws IOException
 209     {
 210         if (!nonBlocking
 211             && (timed || Thread.currentThread().isVirtual())) {
 212             assert readLock.isHeldByCurrentThread() || writeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
 213             IOUtil.configureBlocking(fd, false);
 214             nonBlocking = true;
 215         }
 216     }
 217 
 218     /**
 219      * Marks the beginning of a read operation that might block.
 220      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or not connected
 221      */
 222     private FileDescriptor beginRead() throws SocketException {
 223         synchronized (stateLock) {
 224             ensureOpenAndConnected();
 225             readerThread = NativeThread.current();
 226             return fd;
 227         }
 228     }
 229 
 230     /**
 231      * Marks the end of a read operation that may have blocked.
 232      * @throws SocketException is the socket is closed
 233      */
 234     private void endRead(boolean completed) throws SocketException {
 235         synchronized (stateLock) {
 236             readerThread = 0;
 237             int state = this.state;
 238             if (state == ST_CLOSING)
 239                 tryFinishClose();
 240             if (!completed && state >= ST_CLOSING)
 241                 throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 242         }
 243     }
 244 
 245     /**
 246      * Attempts to read bytes from the socket into the given byte array.
 247      */
 248     private int tryRead(FileDescriptor fd, byte[] b, int off, int len)
 249         throws IOException
 250     {
 251         ByteBuffer dst = Util.getTemporaryDirectBuffer(len);
 252         assert dst.position() == 0;
 253         try {
 254             int n = nd.read(fd, ((DirectBuffer)dst).address(), len);
 255             if (n > 0) {
 256                 dst.get(b, off, n);
 257             }
 258             return n;
 259         } finally {
 260             Util.offerFirstTemporaryDirectBuffer(dst);
 261         }
 262     }
 263 
 264     /**
 265      * Reads bytes from the socket into the given byte array with a timeout.
 266      * @throws SocketTimeoutException if the read timeout elapses
 267      */
 268     private int timedRead(FileDescriptor fd, byte[] b, int off, int len, long nanos)
 269         throws IOException
 270     {
 271         long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
 272         int n = tryRead(fd, b, off, len);
 273         while (n == IOStatus.UNAVAILABLE && isOpen()) {
 274             long remainingNanos = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startNanos);
 275             if (remainingNanos <= 0) {
 276                 throw new SocketTimeoutException("Read timed out");
 277             }
 278             park(fd, Net.POLLIN, remainingNanos);
 279             n = tryRead(fd, b, off, len);
 280         }
 281         return n;
 282     }
 283 
 284     /**
 285      * Reads bytes from the socket into the given byte array.
 286      * @return the number of bytes read or -1 at EOF
 287      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or a socket I/O error occurs
 288      * @throws SocketTimeoutException if the read timeout elapses
 289      */
 290     private int implRead(byte[] b, int off, int len, long remainingNanos) throws IOException {
 291         int n = 0;
 292         SocketException ex = null;
 293         FileDescriptor fd = beginRead();
 294         try {
 295             if (connectionReset)
 296                 throw new SocketException("Connection reset");
 297             if (isInputClosed)
 298                 return -1;
 299             configureNonBlockingIfNeeded(fd, remainingNanos > 0);
 300             if (remainingNanos > 0) {
 301                 // read with timeout
 302                 n = timedRead(fd, b, off, len, remainingNanos);
 303             } else {
 304                 // read, no timeout
 305                 n = tryRead(fd, b, off, len);
 306                 while (IOStatus.okayToRetry(n) && isOpen()) {
 307                     park(fd, Net.POLLIN);
 308                     n = tryRead(fd, b, off, len);
 309                 }
 310             }
 311         } catch (InterruptedIOException e) {
 312             throw e;
 313         } catch (ConnectionResetException e) {
 314             connectionReset = true;
 315             throw new SocketException("Connection reset");
 316         } catch (IOException ioe) {
 317             // translate to SocketException to maintain compatibility
 318             ex = asSocketException(ioe);
 319         } finally {
 320             endRead(n > 0);
 321         }
 322         if (n <= 0 && isInputClosed) {
 323             return -1;
 324         }
 325         if (ex != null) {
 326             throw ex;
 327         }
 328         return n;
 329     }
 330 
 331     /**
 332      * Reads bytes from the socket into the given byte array.
 333      * @return the number of bytes read or -1 at EOF
 334      * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the bound checks fail
 335      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or a socket I/O error occurs
 336      * @throws SocketTimeoutException if the read timeout elapses
 337      */
 338     private int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
 339         Objects.checkFromIndexSize(off, len, b.length);
 340         if (len == 0) {
 341             return 0;
 342         } else {
 343             long remainingNanos = 0;
 344             int timeout = this.timeout;
 345             if (timeout > 0) {
 346                 remainingNanos = tryLock(readLock, timeout, MILLISECONDS);
 347                 if (remainingNanos <= 0) {
 348                     assert !readLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
 349                     throw new SocketTimeoutException("Read timed out");
 350                 }
 351             } else {
 352                 readLock.lock();
 353             }
 354             try {
 355                 // emulate legacy behavior to return -1, even if socket is closed
 356                 if (readEOF)
 357                     return -1;
 358                 // read up to MAX_BUFFER_SIZE bytes
 359                 int size = Math.min(len, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
 360                 int n = implRead(b, off, size, remainingNanos);
 361                 if (n == -1)
 362                     readEOF = true;
 363                 return n;
 364             } finally {
 365                 readLock.unlock();
 366             }
 367         }
 368     }
 369 
 370     /**
 371      * Marks the beginning of a write operation that might block.
 372      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or not connected
 373      */
 374     private FileDescriptor beginWrite() throws SocketException {
 375         synchronized (stateLock) {
 376             ensureOpenAndConnected();
 377             writerThread = NativeThread.current();
 378             return fd;
 379         }
 380     }
 381 
 382     /**
 383      * Marks the end of a write operation that may have blocked.
 384      * @throws SocketException is the socket is closed
 385      */
 386     private void endWrite(boolean completed) throws SocketException {
 387         synchronized (stateLock) {
 388             writerThread = 0;
 389             int state = this.state;
 390             if (state == ST_CLOSING)
 391                 tryFinishClose();
 392             if (!completed && state >= ST_CLOSING)
 393                 throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 394         }
 395     }
 396 
 397     /**
 398      * Attempts to write a sequence of bytes to the socket from the given
 399      * byte array.
 400      */
 401     private int tryWrite(FileDescriptor fd, byte[] b, int off, int len)
 402         throws IOException
 403     {
 404         ByteBuffer src = Util.getTemporaryDirectBuffer(len);
 405         assert src.position() == 0;
 406         try {
 407             src.put(b, off, len);
 408             return nd.write(fd, ((DirectBuffer)src).address(), len);
 409         } finally {
 410             Util.offerFirstTemporaryDirectBuffer(src);
 411         }
 412     }
 413 
 414     /**
 415      * Writes a sequence of bytes to the socket from the given byte array.
 416      * @return the number of bytes written
 417      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or a socket I/O error occurs
 418      */
 419     private int implWrite(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
 420         int n = 0;
 421         SocketException ex = null;
 422         FileDescriptor fd = beginWrite();
 423         try {
 424             configureNonBlockingIfNeeded(fd, false);
 425             n = tryWrite(fd, b, off, len);
 426             while (IOStatus.okayToRetry(n) && isOpen()) {
 427                 park(fd, Net.POLLOUT);
 428                 n = tryWrite(fd, b, off, len);
 429             }
 430         } catch (InterruptedIOException e) {
 431             throw e;
 432         } catch (IOException ioe) {
 433             // translate to SocketException to maintain compatibility
 434             ex = asSocketException(ioe);
 435         } finally {
 436             endWrite(n > 0);
 437         }
 438         if (ex != null) {
 439             throw ex;
 440         }
 441         return n;
 442     }
 443 
 444     /**
 445      * Writes a sequence of bytes to the socket from the given byte array.
 446      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or a socket I/O error occurs
 447      */
 448     private void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
 449         Objects.checkFromIndexSize(off, len, b.length);
 450         if (len > 0) {
 451             writeLock.lock();
 452             try {
 453                 int pos = off;
 454                 int end = off + len;
 455                 while (pos < end) {
 456                     // write up to MAX_BUFFER_SIZE bytes
 457                     int size = Math.min((end - pos), MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
 458                     int n = implWrite(b, pos, size);
 459                     pos += n;
 460                 }
 461             } finally {
 462                 writeLock.unlock();
 463             }
 464         }
 465     }
 466 
 467     /**
 468      * Creates the socket.
 469      * @param stream {@code true} for a streams socket
 470      */
 471     @Override
 472     protected void create(boolean stream) throws IOException {
 473         if (!stream) {
 474             throw new IOException("Datagram socket creation not supported");
 475         }
 476         synchronized (stateLock) {
 477             if (state != ST_NEW)
 478                 throw new IOException("Already created");
 479             FileDescriptor fd;
 480             if (server) {
 481                 fd = Net.serverSocket();
 482             } else {
 483                 fd = Net.socket();
 484             }
 485             Runnable closer = closerFor(fd);
 486             this.fd = fd;
 487             this.cleaner = CleanerFactory.cleaner().register(this, closer);
 488             this.state = ST_UNCONNECTED;
 489         }
 490     }
 491 
 492     /**
 493      * Marks the beginning of a connect operation that might block.
 494      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed or already connected
 495      */
 496     private FileDescriptor beginConnect(InetAddress address, int port)
 497         throws IOException
 498     {
 499         synchronized (stateLock) {
 500             int state = this.state;
 501             if (state != ST_UNCONNECTED) {
 502                 if (state == ST_NEW)
 503                     throw new SocketException("Not created");
 504                 if (state == ST_CONNECTING)
 505                     throw new SocketException("Connection in progress");
 506                 if (state == ST_CONNECTED)
 507                     throw new SocketException("Already connected");
 508                 if (state >= ST_CLOSING)
 509                     throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 510                 assert false;
 511             }
 512             this.state = ST_CONNECTING;
 513 
 514             // save the remote address/port
 515             this.address = address;
 516             this.port = port;
 517 
 518             readerThread = NativeThread.current();
 519             return fd;
 520         }
 521     }
 522 
 523     /**
 524      * Marks the end of a connect operation that may have blocked.
 525      * @throws SocketException is the socket is closed
 526      */
 527     private void endConnect(FileDescriptor fd, boolean completed) throws IOException {
 528         synchronized (stateLock) {
 529             readerThread = 0;
 530             int state = this.state;
 531             if (state == ST_CLOSING)
 532                 tryFinishClose();
 533             if (completed && state == ST_CONNECTING) {
 534                 this.state = ST_CONNECTED;
 535                 localport = Net.localAddress(fd).getPort();
 536             } else if (!completed && state >= ST_CLOSING) {
 537                 throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 538             }
 539         }
 540     }
 541 
 542     /**
 543      * Waits for a connection attempt to finish with a timeout
 544      * @throws SocketTimeoutException if the connect timeout elapses
 545      */
 546     private boolean timedFinishConnect(FileDescriptor fd, long nanos) throws IOException {
 547         long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
 548         boolean polled = Net.pollConnectNow(fd);
 549         while (!polled && isOpen()) {
 550             long remainingNanos = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startNanos);
 551             if (remainingNanos <= 0) {
 552                 throw new SocketTimeoutException("Connect timed out");
 553             }
 554             park(fd, Net.POLLOUT, remainingNanos);
 555             polled = Net.pollConnectNow(fd);
 556         }
 557         return polled && isOpen();
 558     }
 559 
 560     /**
 561      * Attempts to establish a connection to the given socket address with a
 562      * timeout. Closes the socket if connection cannot be established.
 563      * @throws IOException if the address is not a resolved InetSocketAddress or
 564      *         the connection cannot be established
 565      */
 566     @Override
 567     protected void connect(SocketAddress remote, int millis) throws IOException {
 568         // SocketImpl connect only specifies IOException
 569         if (!(remote instanceof InetSocketAddress))
 570             throw new IOException("Unsupported address type");
 571         InetSocketAddress isa = (InetSocketAddress) remote;
 572         if (isa.isUnresolved()) {
 573             throw new UnknownHostException(
 574                 formatMsg(filterNonSocketInfo(isa.getHostName())));
 575         }
 576 
 577         InetAddress address = isa.getAddress();
 578         if (address.isAnyLocalAddress())
 579             address = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
 580         int port = isa.getPort();
 581 
 582         ReentrantLock connectLock = readLock;
 583         try {
 584             connectLock.lock();
 585             try {
 586                 boolean connected = false;
 587                 FileDescriptor fd = beginConnect(address, port);
 588                 try {
 589                     configureNonBlockingIfNeeded(fd, millis > 0);
 590                     int n = Net.connect(fd, address, port);
 591                     if (n > 0) {
 592                         // connection established
 593                         connected = true;
 594                     } else {
 595                         assert IOStatus.okayToRetry(n);
 596                         if (millis > 0) {
 597                             // finish connect with timeout
 598                             long nanos = MILLISECONDS.toNanos(millis);
 599                             connected = timedFinishConnect(fd, nanos);
 600                         } else {
 601                             // finish connect, no timeout
 602                             boolean polled = false;
 603                             while (!polled && isOpen()) {
 604                                 park(fd, Net.POLLOUT);
 605                                 polled = Net.pollConnectNow(fd);
 606                             }
 607                             connected = polled && isOpen();
 608                         }
 609                     }
 610                 } finally {
 611                     endConnect(fd, connected);
 612                 }
 613             } finally {
 614                 connectLock.unlock();
 615             }
 616         } catch (IOException ioe) {
 617             close();
 618             if (ioe instanceof SocketTimeoutException) {
 619                 throw ioe;
 620             } else if (ioe instanceof InterruptedIOException) {
 621                 assert Thread.currentThread().isVirtual();
 622                 throw new SocketException("Closed by interrupt");
 623             } else {
 624                 throw Exceptions.ioException(ioe, isa);
 625             }
 626         }
 627     }
 628 
 629     @Override
 630     protected void connect(String host, int port) throws IOException {
 631         connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port), 0);
 632     }
 633 
 634     @Override
 635     protected void connect(InetAddress address, int port) throws IOException {
 636         connect(new InetSocketAddress(address, port), 0);
 637     }
 638 
 639     @Override
 640     protected void bind(InetAddress host, int port) throws IOException {
 641         synchronized (stateLock) {
 642             ensureOpen();
 643             if (localport != 0)
 644                 throw new SocketException("Already bound");
 645             Net.bind(fd, host, port);
 646             // set the address field to the given host address to
 647             // maintain long standing behavior. When binding to 0.0.0.0
 648             // then the actual local address will be ::0 when IPv6 is enabled.
 649             address = host;
 650             localport = Net.localAddress(fd).getPort();
 651         }
 652     }
 653 
 654     @Override
 655     protected void listen(int backlog) throws IOException {
 656         synchronized (stateLock) {
 657             ensureOpen();
 658             if (localport == 0)
 659                 throw new SocketException("Not bound");
 660             Net.listen(fd, backlog < 1 ? 50 : backlog);
 661         }
 662     }
 663 
 664     /**
 665      * Marks the beginning of an accept operation that might block.
 666      * @throws SocketException if the socket is closed
 667      */
 668     private FileDescriptor beginAccept() throws SocketException {
 669         synchronized (stateLock) {
 670             ensureOpen();
 671             if (localport == 0)
 672                 throw new SocketException("Not bound");
 673             readerThread = NativeThread.current();
 674             return fd;
 675         }
 676     }
 677 
 678     /**
 679      * Marks the end of an accept operation that may have blocked.
 680      * @throws SocketException is the socket is closed
 681      */
 682     private void endAccept(boolean completed) throws SocketException {
 683         synchronized (stateLock) {
 684             int state = this.state;
 685             readerThread = 0;
 686             if (state == ST_CLOSING)
 687                 tryFinishClose();
 688             if (!completed && state >= ST_CLOSING)
 689                 throw new SocketException("Socket closed");
 690         }
 691     }
 692 
 693     /**
 694      * Accepts a new connection with a timeout.
 695      * @throws SocketTimeoutException if the accept timeout elapses
 696      */
 697     private int timedAccept(FileDescriptor fd,
 698                             FileDescriptor newfd,
 699                             InetSocketAddress[] isaa,
 700                             long nanos)
 701         throws IOException
 702     {
 703         long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
 704         int n = Net.accept(fd, newfd, isaa);
 705         while (n == IOStatus.UNAVAILABLE && isOpen()) {
 706             long remainingNanos = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startNanos);
 707             if (remainingNanos <= 0) {
 708                 throw new SocketTimeoutException("Accept timed out");
 709             }
 710             park(fd, Net.POLLIN, remainingNanos);
 711             n = Net.accept(fd, newfd, isaa);
 712         }
 713         return n;
 714     }
 715 
 716     /**
 717      * Accepts a new connection so that the given SocketImpl is connected to
 718      * the peer. The SocketImpl must be a newly created NioSocketImpl.
 719      */
 720     @Override
 721     protected void accept(SocketImpl si) throws IOException {
 722         NioSocketImpl nsi = (NioSocketImpl) si;
 723         if (nsi.state != ST_NEW)
 724             throw new SocketException("Not a newly created SocketImpl");
 725 
 726         FileDescriptor newfd = new FileDescriptor();
 727         InetSocketAddress[] isaa = new InetSocketAddress[1];
 728 
 729         // acquire the lock, adjusting the timeout for cases where several
 730         // threads are accepting connections and there is a timeout set
 731         ReentrantLock acceptLock = readLock;
 732         int timeout = this.timeout;
 733         long remainingNanos = 0;
 734         if (timeout > 0) {
 735             remainingNanos = tryLock(acceptLock, timeout, MILLISECONDS);
 736             if (remainingNanos <= 0) {
 737                 assert !acceptLock.isHeldByCurrentThread();
 738                 throw new SocketTimeoutException("Accept timed out");
 739             }
 740         } else {
 741             acceptLock.lock();
 742         }
 743 
 744         // accept a connection
 745         try {
 746             int n = 0;
 747             FileDescriptor fd = beginAccept();
 748             try {
 749                 configureNonBlockingIfNeeded(fd, remainingNanos > 0);
 750                 if (remainingNanos > 0) {
 751                     // accept with timeout
 752                     n = timedAccept(fd, newfd, isaa, remainingNanos);
 753                 } else {
 754                     // accept, no timeout
 755                     n = Net.accept(fd, newfd, isaa);
 756                     while (IOStatus.okayToRetry(n) && isOpen()) {
 757                         park(fd, Net.POLLIN);
 758                         n = Net.accept(fd, newfd, isaa);
 759                     }
 760                 }
 761             } finally {
 762                 endAccept(n > 0);
 763                 assert IOStatus.check(n);
 764             }
 765         } finally {
 766             acceptLock.unlock();
 767         }
 768 
 769         // get local address and configure accepted socket to blocking mode
 770         InetSocketAddress localAddress;
 771         try {
 772             localAddress = Net.localAddress(newfd);
 773             IOUtil.configureBlocking(newfd, true);
 774         } catch (IOException ioe) {
 775             nd.close(newfd);
 776             throw ioe;
 777         }
 778 
 779         // set the fields
 780         Runnable closer = closerFor(newfd);
 781         synchronized (nsi.stateLock) {
 782             nsi.fd = newfd;
 783             nsi.cleaner = CleanerFactory.cleaner().register(nsi, closer);
 784             nsi.localport = localAddress.getPort();
 785             nsi.address = isaa[0].getAddress();
 786             nsi.port = isaa[0].getPort();
 787             nsi.state = ST_CONNECTED;
 788         }
 789     }
 790 
 791     @Override
 792     protected InputStream getInputStream() {
 793         return new InputStream() {
 794             @Override
 795             public int read() throws IOException {
 796                 byte[] a = new byte[1];
 797                 int n = read(a, 0, 1);
 798                 return (n > 0) ? (a[0] & 0xff) : -1;
 799             }
 800             @Override
 801             public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
 802                 return NioSocketImpl.this.read(b, off, len);
 803             }
 804             @Override
 805             public int available() throws IOException {
 806                 return NioSocketImpl.this.available();
 807             }
 808             @Override
 809             public void close() throws IOException {
 810                 NioSocketImpl.this.close();
 811             }
 812         };
 813     }
 814 
 815     @Override
 816     protected OutputStream getOutputStream() {
 817         return new OutputStream() {
 818             @Override
 819             public void write(int b) throws IOException {
 820                 byte[] a = new byte[]{(byte) b};
 821                 write(a, 0, 1);
 822             }
 823             @Override
 824             public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
 825                 NioSocketImpl.this.write(b, off, len);
 826             }
 827             @Override
 828             public void close() throws IOException {
 829                 NioSocketImpl.this.close();
 830             }
 831         };
 832     }
 833 
 834     @Override
 835     protected int available() throws IOException {
 836         synchronized (stateLock) {
 837             ensureOpenAndConnected();
 838             if (isInputClosed) {
 839                 return 0;
 840             } else {
 841                 return Net.available(fd);
 842             }
 843         }
 844     }
 845 
 846     /**
 847      * Closes the socket if there are no I/O operations in progress.
 848      */
 849     private boolean tryClose() throws IOException {
 850         assert Thread.holdsLock(stateLock) && state == ST_CLOSING;
 851         if (readerThread == 0 && writerThread == 0) {
 852             try {
 853                 cleaner.clean();
 854             } catch (UncheckedIOException ioe) {
 855                 throw ioe.getCause();
 856             } finally {
 857                 state = ST_CLOSED;
 858             }
 859             return true;
 860         } else {
 861             return false;
 862         }
 863     }
 864 
 865     /**
 866      * Invokes tryClose to attempt to close the socket.
 867      *
 868      * This method is used for deferred closing by I/O operations.
 869      */
 870     private void tryFinishClose() {
 871         try {
 872             tryClose();
 873         } catch (IOException ignore) { }
 874     }
 875 
 876     /**
 877      * Closes the socket. If there are I/O operations in progress then the
 878      * socket is pre-closed and the threads are signalled. The socket will be
 879      * closed when the last I/O operation aborts.
 880      */
 881     @Override
 882     protected void close() throws IOException {
 883         synchronized (stateLock) {
 884             int state = this.state;
 885             if (state >= ST_CLOSING)
 886                 return;
 887             if (state == ST_NEW) {
 888                 // stillborn
 889                 this.state = ST_CLOSED;
 890                 return;
 891             }
 892             boolean connected = (state == ST_CONNECTED);
 893             this.state = ST_CLOSING;
 894 
 895             // shutdown output when linger interval not set to 0
 896             if (connected) {
 897                 try {
 898                     var SO_LINGER = StandardSocketOptions.SO_LINGER;
 899                     if ((int) Net.getSocketOption(fd, SO_LINGER) != 0) {
 900                         Net.shutdown(fd, Net.SHUT_WR);
 901                     }
 902                 } catch (IOException ignore) { }
 903             }
 904 
 905             // attempt to close the socket. If there are I/O operations in progress
 906             // then the socket is pre-closed and the thread(s) signalled. The
 907             // last thread will close the file descriptor.
 908             if (!tryClose()) {
 909                 nd.preClose(fd, readerThread, writerThread);
 910             }
 911         }
 912     }
 913 
 914     // the socket options supported by client and server sockets
 915     private static volatile Set<SocketOption<?>> clientSocketOptions;
 916     private static volatile Set<SocketOption<?>> serverSocketOptions;
 917 
 918     @Override
 919     protected Set<SocketOption<?>> supportedOptions() {
 920         Set<SocketOption<?>> options = (server) ? serverSocketOptions : clientSocketOptions;
 921         if (options == null) {
 922             options = new HashSet<>();
 923             options.add(StandardSocketOptions.SO_RCVBUF);
 924             options.add(StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR);
 925             if (server) {
 926                 // IP_TOS added for server socket to maintain compatibility
 927                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS);
 928                 options.addAll(ExtendedSocketOptions.serverSocketOptions());
 929             } else {
 930                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS);
 931                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.SO_KEEPALIVE);
 932                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.SO_SNDBUF);
 933                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.SO_LINGER);
 934                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.TCP_NODELAY);
 935                 options.addAll(ExtendedSocketOptions.clientSocketOptions());
 936             }
 937             if (Net.isReusePortAvailable())
 938                 options.add(StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEPORT);
 939             options = Collections.unmodifiableSet(options);
 940             if (server) {
 941                 serverSocketOptions = options;
 942             } else {
 943                 clientSocketOptions = options;
 944             }
 945         }
 946         return options;
 947     }
 948 
 949     @Override
 950     protected <T> void setOption(SocketOption<T> opt, T value) throws IOException {
 951         if (!supportedOptions().contains(opt))
 952             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("'" + opt + "' not supported");
 953         if (!opt.type().isInstance(value))
 954             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value '" + value + "'");
 955         synchronized (stateLock) {
 956             ensureOpen();
 957             if (opt == StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS) {
 958                 // maps to IPV6_TCLASS and/or IP_TOS
 959                 Net.setIpSocketOption(fd, family(), opt, value);
 960             } else if (opt == StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR) {
 961                 boolean b = (boolean) value;
 962                 if (Net.useExclusiveBind()) {
 963                     isReuseAddress = b;
 964                 } else {
 965                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, opt, b);
 966                 }
 967             } else {
 968                 // option does not need special handling
 969                 Net.setSocketOption(fd, opt, value);
 970             }
 971         }
 972     }
 973 
 974     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 975     protected <T> T getOption(SocketOption<T> opt) throws IOException {
 976         if (!supportedOptions().contains(opt))
 977             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("'" + opt + "' not supported");
 978         synchronized (stateLock) {
 979             ensureOpen();
 980             if (opt == StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS) {
 981                 return (T) Net.getSocketOption(fd, family(), opt);
 982             } else if (opt == StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR) {
 983                 if (Net.useExclusiveBind()) {
 984                     return (T) Boolean.valueOf(isReuseAddress);
 985                 } else {
 986                     return (T) Net.getSocketOption(fd, opt);
 987                 }
 988             } else {
 989                 // option does not need special handling
 990                 return (T) Net.getSocketOption(fd, opt);
 991             }
 992         }
 993     }
 994 
 995     private boolean booleanValue(Object value, String desc) throws SocketException {
 996         if (!(value instanceof Boolean))
 997             throw new SocketException("Bad value for " + desc);
 998         return (boolean) value;
 999     }
1000 
1001     private int intValue(Object value, String desc) throws SocketException {
1002         if (!(value instanceof Integer))
1003             throw new SocketException("Bad value for " + desc);
1004         return (int) value;
1005     }
1006 
1007     @Override
1008     public void setOption(int opt, Object value) throws SocketException {
1009         synchronized (stateLock) {
1010             ensureOpen();
1011             try {
1012                 switch (opt) {
1013                 case SO_LINGER: {
1014                     // the value is "false" to disable, or linger interval to enable
1015                     int i;
1016                     if (value instanceof Boolean && ((boolean) value) == false) {
1017                         i = -1;
1018                     } else {
1019                         i = intValue(value, "SO_LINGER");
1020                     }
1021                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_LINGER, i);
1022                     break;
1023                 }
1024                 case SO_TIMEOUT: {
1025                     int i = intValue(value, "SO_TIMEOUT");
1026                     if (i < 0)
1027                         throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout < 0");
1028                     timeout = i;
1029                     break;
1030                 }
1031                 case IP_TOS: {
1032                     int i = intValue(value, "IP_TOS");
1033                     Net.setIpSocketOption(fd, family(), StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS, i);
1034                     break;
1035                 }
1036                 case TCP_NODELAY: {
1037                     boolean b = booleanValue(value, "TCP_NODELAY");
1038                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.TCP_NODELAY, b);
1039                     break;
1040                 }
1041                 case SO_SNDBUF: {
1042                     int i = intValue(value, "SO_SNDBUF");
1043                     if (i <= 0)
1044                         throw new SocketException("SO_SNDBUF <= 0");
1045                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_SNDBUF, i);
1046                     break;
1047                 }
1048                 case SO_RCVBUF: {
1049                     int i = intValue(value, "SO_RCVBUF");
1050                     if (i <= 0)
1051                         throw new SocketException("SO_RCVBUF <= 0");
1052                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_RCVBUF, i);
1053                     break;
1054                 }
1055                 case SO_KEEPALIVE: {
1056                     boolean b = booleanValue(value, "SO_KEEPALIVE");
1057                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_KEEPALIVE, b);
1058                     break;
1059                 }
1060                 case SO_OOBINLINE: {
1061                     boolean b = booleanValue(value, "SO_OOBINLINE");
1062                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, ExtendedSocketOption.SO_OOBINLINE, b);
1063                     break;
1064                 }
1065                 case SO_REUSEADDR: {
1066                     boolean b = booleanValue(value, "SO_REUSEADDR");
1067                     if (Net.useExclusiveBind()) {
1068                         isReuseAddress = b;
1069                     } else {
1070                         Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR, b);
1071                     }
1072                     break;
1073                 }
1074                 case SO_REUSEPORT: {
1075                     if (!Net.isReusePortAvailable())
1076                         throw new SocketException("SO_REUSEPORT not supported");
1077                     boolean b = booleanValue(value, "SO_REUSEPORT");
1078                     Net.setSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEPORT, b);
1079                     break;
1080                 }
1081                 default:
1082                     throw new SocketException("Unknown option " + opt);
1083                 }
1084             } catch (SocketException e) {
1085                 throw e;
1086             } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException e) {
1087                 throw asSocketException(e);
1088             }
1089         }
1090     }
1091 
1092     @Override
1093     public Object getOption(int opt) throws SocketException {
1094         synchronized (stateLock) {
1095             ensureOpen();
1096             try {
1097                 switch (opt) {
1098                 case SO_TIMEOUT:
1099                     return timeout;
1100                 case TCP_NODELAY:
1101                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.TCP_NODELAY);
1102                 case SO_OOBINLINE:
1103                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, ExtendedSocketOption.SO_OOBINLINE);
1104                 case SO_LINGER: {
1105                     // return "false" when disabled, linger interval when enabled
1106                     int i = (int) Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_LINGER);
1107                     if (i == -1) {
1108                         return Boolean.FALSE;
1109                     } else {
1110                         return i;
1111                     }
1112                 }
1113                 case SO_REUSEADDR:
1114                     if (Net.useExclusiveBind()) {
1115                         return isReuseAddress;
1116                     } else {
1117                         return Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR);
1118                     }
1119                 case SO_BINDADDR:
1120                     return Net.localAddress(fd).getAddress();
1121                 case SO_SNDBUF:
1122                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_SNDBUF);
1123                 case SO_RCVBUF:
1124                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_RCVBUF);
1125                 case IP_TOS:
1126                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, family(), StandardSocketOptions.IP_TOS);
1127                 case SO_KEEPALIVE:
1128                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_KEEPALIVE);
1129                 case SO_REUSEPORT:
1130                     if (!Net.isReusePortAvailable())
1131                         throw new SocketException("SO_REUSEPORT not supported");
1132                     return Net.getSocketOption(fd, StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEPORT);
1133                 default:
1134                     throw new SocketException("Unknown option " + opt);
1135                 }
1136             } catch (SocketException e) {
1137                 throw e;
1138             } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException e) {
1139                 throw asSocketException(e);
1140             }
1141         }
1142     }
1143 
1144     @Override
1145     protected void shutdownInput() throws IOException {
1146         synchronized (stateLock) {
1147             ensureOpenAndConnected();
1148             if (!isInputClosed) {
1149                 Net.shutdown(fd, Net.SHUT_RD);
1150                 if (NativeThread.isVirtualThread(readerThread)) {
1151                     Poller.stopPoll(fdVal(fd), Net.POLLIN);
1152                 }
1153                 isInputClosed = true;
1154             }
1155         }
1156     }
1157 
1158     @Override
1159     protected void shutdownOutput() throws IOException {
1160         synchronized (stateLock) {
1161             ensureOpenAndConnected();
1162             if (!isOutputClosed) {
1163                 Net.shutdown(fd, Net.SHUT_WR);
1164                 if (NativeThread.isVirtualThread(writerThread)) {
1165                     Poller.stopPoll(fdVal(fd), Net.POLLOUT);
1166                 }
1167                 isOutputClosed = true;
1168             }
1169         }
1170     }
1171 
1172     @Override
1173     protected boolean supportsUrgentData() {
1174         return true;
1175     }
1176 
1177     @Override
1178     protected void sendUrgentData(int data) throws IOException {
1179         writeLock.lock();
1180         try {
1181             int n = 0;
1182             FileDescriptor fd = beginWrite();
1183             try {
1184                 configureNonBlockingIfNeeded(fd, false);
1185                 do {
1186                     n = Net.sendOOB(fd, (byte) data);
1187                 } while (n == IOStatus.INTERRUPTED && isOpen());
1188                 if (n == IOStatus.UNAVAILABLE) {
1189                     throw new SocketException("No buffer space available");
1190                 }
1191             } finally {
1192                 endWrite(n > 0);
1193             }
1194         } finally {
1195             writeLock.unlock();
1196         }
1197     }
1198 
1199     /**
1200      * Returns an action to close the given file descriptor.
1201      */
1202     private static Runnable closerFor(FileDescriptor fd) {
1203         return () -> {
1204             try {
1205                 nd.close(fd);
1206             } catch (IOException ioe) {
1207                 throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe);
1208             }
1209         };
1210     }
1211 
1212     /**
1213      * Attempts to acquire the given lock within the given waiting time.
1214      * @return the remaining time in nanoseconds when the lock is acquired, zero
1215      *         or less if the lock was not acquired before the timeout expired
1216      */
1217     private static long tryLock(ReentrantLock lock, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
1218         assert timeout > 0;
1219         boolean interrupted = false;
1220         long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout);
1221         long remainingNanos = nanos;
1222         long startNanos = System.nanoTime();
1223         boolean acquired = false;
1224         while (!acquired && (remainingNanos > 0)) {
1225             try {
1226                 acquired = lock.tryLock(remainingNanos, NANOSECONDS);
1227             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
1228                 interrupted = true;
1229             }
1230             remainingNanos = nanos - (System.nanoTime() - startNanos);
1231         }
1232         if (acquired && remainingNanos <= 0L)
1233             lock.unlock();  // release lock if timeout has expired
1234         if (interrupted)
1235             Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
1236         return remainingNanos;
1237     }
1238 
1239     /**
1240      * Creates a SocketException from the given exception.
1241      */
1242     private static SocketException asSocketException(Exception e) {
1243         if (e instanceof SocketException se) {
1244             return se;
1245         } else {
1246             var se = new SocketException(e.getMessage());
1247             se.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace());
1248             return se;
1249         }
1250     }
1251 
1252     /**
1253      * Returns the socket protocol family.
1254      */
1255     private static ProtocolFamily family() {
1256         if (Net.isIPv6Available()) {
1257             return StandardProtocolFamily.INET6;
1258         } else {
1259             return StandardProtocolFamily.INET;
1260         }
1261     }
1262 
1263     /**
1264      * Return the file descriptor value.
1265      */
1266     private static int fdVal(FileDescriptor fd) {
1267         return JIOFDA.get(fd);
1268     }
1269 
1270     private static final JavaIOFileDescriptorAccess JIOFDA = SharedSecrets.getJavaIOFileDescriptorAccess();
1271 }