1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25 package java.lang;
26
27 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
28 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
29 import java.io.Console;
30 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
31 import java.io.FileInputStream;
32 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
33 import java.io.IOException;
34 import java.io.InputStream;
35 import java.io.OutputStream;
36 import java.io.PrintStream;
37 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
38 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
39 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
40 import java.lang.invoke.StringConcatFactory;
41 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;
42 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
43 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
44 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
45 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
46 import java.net.URI;
47 import java.net.URL;
48 import java.nio.channels.Channel;
49 import java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider;
50 import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
51 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
52 import java.security.AccessControlContext;
53 import java.security.AccessController;
54 import java.security.CodeSource;
55 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
56 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
57 import java.util.Collections;
58 import java.util.List;
59 import java.util.Map;
60 import java.util.Objects;
61 import java.util.Properties;
62 import java.util.PropertyPermission;
63 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
64 import java.util.Set;
65 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
66 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
67 import java.util.function.Supplier;
68 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
69 import java.util.stream.Stream;
70
71 import jdk.internal.logger.LoggerFinderLoader.TemporaryLoggerFinder;
72 import jdk.internal.misc.CarrierThreadLocal;
73 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
74 import jdk.internal.util.StaticProperty;
75 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleBootstrap;
76 import jdk.internal.module.ServicesCatalog;
77 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
78 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
79 import jdk.internal.access.JavaLangAccess;
80 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
81 import jdk.internal.javac.PreviewFeature;
82 import jdk.internal.logger.LoggerFinderLoader;
83 import jdk.internal.logger.LazyLoggers;
84 import jdk.internal.logger.LocalizedLoggerWrapper;
85 import jdk.internal.misc.VM;
86 import jdk.internal.util.SystemProps;
87 import jdk.internal.vm.Continuation;
88 import jdk.internal.vm.ContinuationScope;
89 import jdk.internal.vm.StackableScope;
90 import jdk.internal.vm.ThreadContainer;
91 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
92 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.IntrinsicCandidate;
93 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.Stable;
94 import sun.nio.fs.DefaultFileSystemProvider;
95 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationType;
96 import sun.nio.ch.Interruptible;
97 import sun.nio.cs.UTF_8;
98 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
99
100 /**
101 * The {@code System} class contains several useful class fields
102 * and methods. It cannot be instantiated.
103 *
104 * Among the facilities provided by the {@code System} class
105 * are standard input, standard output, and error output streams;
106 * access to externally defined properties and environment
107 * variables; a means of loading files and libraries; and a utility
108 * method for quickly copying a portion of an array.
109 *
110 * @since 1.0
111 */
112 public final class System {
113 /* Register the natives via the static initializer.
114 *
115 * The VM will invoke the initPhase1 method to complete the initialization
116 * of this class separate from <clinit>.
117 */
118 private static native void registerNatives();
119 static {
120 registerNatives();
121 }
122
123 /** Don't let anyone instantiate this class */
124 private System() {
125 }
126
127 /**
128 * The "standard" input stream. This stream is already
129 * open and ready to supply input data. Typically this stream
130 * corresponds to keyboard input or another input source specified by
131 * the host environment or user. In case this stream is wrapped
132 * in a {@link java.io.InputStreamReader}, {@link Console#charset()}
133 * should be used for the charset, or consider using
134 * {@link Console#reader()}.
135 *
136 * @see Console#charset()
137 * @see Console#reader()
138 */
139 public static final InputStream in = null;
140
141 /**
142 * The "standard" output stream. This stream is already
143 * open and ready to accept output data. Typically this stream
144 * corresponds to display output or another output destination
145 * specified by the host environment or user. The encoding used
146 * in the conversion from characters to bytes is equivalent to
147 * {@link Console#charset()} if the {@code Console} exists,
148 * <a href="#stdout.encoding">stdout.encoding</a> otherwise.
149 * <p>
150 * For simple stand-alone Java applications, a typical way to write
151 * a line of output data is:
152 * <blockquote><pre>
153 * System.out.println(data)
154 * </pre></blockquote>
155 * <p>
156 * See the {@code println} methods in class {@code PrintStream}.
157 *
158 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println()
159 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(boolean)
160 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(char)
161 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(char[])
162 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(double)
163 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(float)
164 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(int)
165 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(long)
166 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.Object)
167 * @see java.io.PrintStream#println(java.lang.String)
168 * @see Console#charset()
169 * @see <a href="#stdout.encoding">stdout.encoding</a>
170 */
171 public static final PrintStream out = null;
172
173 /**
174 * The "standard" error output stream. This stream is already
175 * open and ready to accept output data.
176 * <p>
177 * Typically this stream corresponds to display output or another
178 * output destination specified by the host environment or user. By
179 * convention, this output stream is used to display error messages
180 * or other information that should come to the immediate attention
181 * of a user even if the principal output stream, the value of the
182 * variable {@code out}, has been redirected to a file or other
183 * destination that is typically not continuously monitored.
184 * The encoding used in the conversion from characters to bytes is
185 * equivalent to {@link Console#charset()} if the {@code Console}
186 * exists, <a href="#stderr.encoding">stderr.encoding</a> otherwise.
187 *
188 * @see Console#charset()
189 * @see <a href="#stderr.encoding">stderr.encoding</a>
190 */
191 public static final PrintStream err = null;
192
193 // Holder for the initial value of `in`, set within `initPhase1()`.
194 private static InputStream initialIn;
195
196 // indicates if a security manager is possible
197 private static final int NEVER = 1;
198 private static final int MAYBE = 2;
199 private static @Stable int allowSecurityManager;
200
201 // current security manager
202 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
203 private static volatile SecurityManager security; // read by VM
204
205 // `sun.jnu.encoding` if it is not supported. Otherwise null.
206 // It is initialized in `initPhase1()` before any charset providers
207 // are initialized.
208 private static String notSupportedJnuEncoding;
209
210 // return true if a security manager is allowed
211 private static boolean allowSecurityManager() {
212 return (allowSecurityManager != NEVER);
213 }
214
215 /**
216 * Reassigns the "standard" input stream.
217 *
218 * First, if there is a security manager, its {@code checkPermission}
219 * method is called with a {@code RuntimePermission("setIO")} permission
220 * to see if it's ok to reassign the "standard" input stream.
221 *
222 * @param in the new standard input stream.
223 *
224 * @throws SecurityException
225 * if a security manager exists and its
226 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
227 * reassigning of the standard input stream.
228 *
229 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
230 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
231 *
232 * @since 1.1
233 */
234 public static void setIn(InputStream in) {
235 checkIO();
236 setIn0(in);
237 }
238
239 /**
240 * Reassigns the "standard" output stream.
241 *
242 * First, if there is a security manager, its {@code checkPermission}
243 * method is called with a {@code RuntimePermission("setIO")} permission
244 * to see if it's ok to reassign the "standard" output stream.
245 *
246 * @param out the new standard output stream
247 *
248 * @throws SecurityException
249 * if a security manager exists and its
250 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
251 * reassigning of the standard output stream.
252 *
253 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
254 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
255 *
256 * @since 1.1
257 */
258 public static void setOut(PrintStream out) {
259 checkIO();
260 setOut0(out);
261 }
262
263 /**
264 * Reassigns the "standard" error output stream.
265 *
266 * First, if there is a security manager, its {@code checkPermission}
267 * method is called with a {@code RuntimePermission("setIO")} permission
268 * to see if it's ok to reassign the "standard" error output stream.
269 *
270 * @param err the new standard error output stream.
271 *
272 * @throws SecurityException
273 * if a security manager exists and its
274 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
275 * reassigning of the standard error output stream.
276 *
277 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
278 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
279 *
280 * @since 1.1
281 */
282 public static void setErr(PrintStream err) {
283 checkIO();
284 setErr0(err);
285 }
286
287 private static volatile Console cons;
288
289 /**
290 * Returns the unique {@link java.io.Console Console} object associated
291 * with the current Java virtual machine, if any.
292 *
293 * @return The system console, if any, otherwise {@code null}.
294 *
295 * @since 1.6
296 */
297 public static Console console() {
298 Console c;
299 if ((c = cons) == null) {
300 synchronized (System.class) {
301 if ((c = cons) == null) {
302 cons = c = SharedSecrets.getJavaIOAccess().console();
303 }
304 }
305 }
306 return c;
307 }
308
309 /**
310 * Returns the channel inherited from the entity that created this
311 * Java virtual machine.
312 *
313 * This method returns the channel obtained by invoking the
314 * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider#inheritedChannel
315 * inheritedChannel} method of the system-wide default
316 * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider} object.
317 *
318 * <p> In addition to the network-oriented channels described in
319 * {@link java.nio.channels.spi.SelectorProvider#inheritedChannel
320 * inheritedChannel}, this method may return other kinds of
321 * channels in the future.
322 *
323 * @return The inherited channel, if any, otherwise {@code null}.
324 *
325 * @throws IOException
326 * If an I/O error occurs
327 *
328 * @throws SecurityException
329 * If a security manager is present and it does not
330 * permit access to the channel.
331 *
332 * @since 1.5
333 */
334 public static Channel inheritedChannel() throws IOException {
335 return SelectorProvider.provider().inheritedChannel();
336 }
337
338 private static void checkIO() {
339 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
340 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
341 if (sm != null) {
342 sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setIO"));
343 }
344 }
345
346 private static native void setIn0(InputStream in);
347 private static native void setOut0(PrintStream out);
348 private static native void setErr0(PrintStream err);
349
350 private static class CallersHolder {
351 // Remember callers of setSecurityManager() here so that warning
352 // is only printed once for each different caller
353 static final Map<Class<?>, Boolean> callers
354 = Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<>());
355 }
356
357 // Remember initial System.err. setSecurityManager() warning goes here
358 private static volatile @Stable PrintStream initialErrStream;
359
360 private static URL codeSource(Class<?> clazz) {
361 PrivilegedAction<ProtectionDomain> pa = clazz::getProtectionDomain;
362 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
363 CodeSource cs = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa).getCodeSource();
364 return (cs != null) ? cs.getLocation() : null;
365 }
366
367 /**
368 * Sets the system-wide security manager.
369 *
370 * If there is a security manager already installed, this method first
371 * calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
372 * with a {@code RuntimePermission("setSecurityManager")}
373 * permission to ensure it's ok to replace the existing
374 * security manager.
375 * This may result in throwing a {@code SecurityException}.
376 *
377 * <p> Otherwise, the argument is established as the current
378 * security manager. If the argument is {@code null} and no
379 * security manager has been established, then no action is taken and
380 * the method simply returns.
381 *
382 * @implNote In the JDK implementation, if the Java virtual machine is
383 * started with the system property {@code java.security.manager} not set or set to
384 * the special token "{@code disallow}" then the {@code setSecurityManager}
385 * method cannot be used to set a security manager. See the following
386 * <a href="SecurityManager.html#set-security-manager">section of the
387 * {@code SecurityManager} class specification</a> for more details.
388 *
389 * @param sm the security manager or {@code null}
390 * @throws SecurityException
391 * if the security manager has already been set and its {@code
392 * checkPermission} method doesn't allow it to be replaced
393 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException
394 * if {@code sm} is non-null and a security manager is not allowed
395 * to be set dynamically
396 * @see #getSecurityManager
397 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
398 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
399 * @deprecated This method is only useful in conjunction with
400 * {@linkplain SecurityManager the Security Manager}, which is
401 * deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
402 * Consequently, this method is also deprecated and subject to
403 * removal. There is no replacement for the Security Manager or this
404 * method.
405 */
406 @Deprecated(since="17", forRemoval=true)
407 @CallerSensitive
408 public static void setSecurityManager(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm) {
409 if (allowSecurityManager()) {
410 var callerClass = Reflection.getCallerClass();
411 if (CallersHolder.callers.putIfAbsent(callerClass, true) == null) {
412 URL url = codeSource(callerClass);
413 final String source;
414 if (url == null) {
415 source = callerClass.getName();
416 } else {
417 source = callerClass.getName() + " (" + url + ")";
418 }
419 initialErrStream.printf("""
420 WARNING: A terminally deprecated method in java.lang.System has been called
421 WARNING: System::setSecurityManager has been called by %s
422 WARNING: Please consider reporting this to the maintainers of %s
423 WARNING: System::setSecurityManager will be removed in a future release
424 """, source, callerClass.getName());
425 }
426 implSetSecurityManager(sm);
427 } else {
428 // security manager not allowed
429 if (sm != null) {
430 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
431 "The Security Manager is deprecated and will be removed in a future release");
432 }
433 }
434 }
435
436 private static void implSetSecurityManager(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm) {
437 if (security == null) {
438 // ensure image reader is initialized
439 Object.class.getResource("java/lang/ANY");
440 // ensure the default file system is initialized
441 DefaultFileSystemProvider.theFileSystem();
442 }
443 if (sm != null) {
444 try {
445 // pre-populates the SecurityManager.packageAccess cache
446 // to avoid recursive permission checking issues with custom
447 // SecurityManager implementations
448 sm.checkPackageAccess("java.lang");
449 } catch (Exception e) {
450 // no-op
451 }
452 }
453 setSecurityManager0(sm);
454 }
455
456 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
457 private static synchronized
458 void setSecurityManager0(final SecurityManager s) {
459 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
460 if (sm != null) {
461 // ask the currently installed security manager if we
462 // can replace it.
463 sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setSecurityManager"));
464 }
465
466 if ((s != null) && (s.getClass().getClassLoader() != null)) {
467 // New security manager class is not on bootstrap classpath.
468 // Force policy to get initialized before we install the new
469 // security manager, in order to prevent infinite loops when
470 // trying to initialize the policy (which usually involves
471 // accessing some security and/or system properties, which in turn
472 // calls the installed security manager's checkPermission method
473 // which will loop infinitely if there is a non-system class
474 // (in this case: the new security manager class) on the stack).
475 AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<>() {
476 public Object run() {
477 s.getClass().getProtectionDomain().implies
478 (SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
479 return null;
480 }
481 });
482 }
483
484 security = s;
485 }
486
487 /**
488 * Gets the system-wide security manager.
489 *
490 * @return if a security manager has already been established for the
491 * current application, then that security manager is returned;
492 * otherwise, {@code null} is returned.
493 * @see #setSecurityManager
494 * @deprecated This method is only useful in conjunction with
495 * {@linkplain SecurityManager the Security Manager}, which is
496 * deprecated and subject to removal in a future release.
497 * Consequently, this method is also deprecated and subject to
498 * removal. There is no replacement for the Security Manager or this
499 * method.
500 */
501 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
502 @Deprecated(since="17", forRemoval=true)
503 public static SecurityManager getSecurityManager() {
504 if (allowSecurityManager()) {
505 return security;
506 } else {
507 return null;
508 }
509 }
510
511 /**
512 * Returns the current time in milliseconds. Note that
513 * while the unit of time of the return value is a millisecond,
514 * the granularity of the value depends on the underlying
515 * operating system and may be larger. For example, many
516 * operating systems measure time in units of tens of
517 * milliseconds.
518 *
519 * <p> See the description of the class {@code Date} for
520 * a discussion of slight discrepancies that may arise between
521 * "computer time" and coordinated universal time (UTC).
522 *
523 * @return the difference, measured in milliseconds, between
524 * the current time and midnight, January 1, 1970 UTC.
525 * @see java.util.Date
526 */
527 @IntrinsicCandidate
528 public static native long currentTimeMillis();
529
530 /**
531 * Returns the current value of the running Java Virtual Machine's
532 * high-resolution time source, in nanoseconds.
533 *
534 * This method can only be used to measure elapsed time and is
535 * not related to any other notion of system or wall-clock time.
536 * The value returned represents nanoseconds since some fixed but
537 * arbitrary <i>origin</i> time (perhaps in the future, so values
538 * may be negative). The same origin is used by all invocations of
539 * this method in an instance of a Java virtual machine; other
540 * virtual machine instances are likely to use a different origin.
541 *
542 * <p>This method provides nanosecond precision, but not necessarily
543 * nanosecond resolution (that is, how frequently the value changes)
544 * - no guarantees are made except that the resolution is at least as
545 * good as that of {@link #currentTimeMillis()}.
546 *
547 * <p>Differences in successive calls that span greater than
548 * approximately 292 years (2<sup>63</sup> nanoseconds) will not
549 * correctly compute elapsed time due to numerical overflow.
550 *
551 * <p>The values returned by this method become meaningful only when
552 * the difference between two such values, obtained within the same
553 * instance of a Java virtual machine, is computed.
554 *
555 * <p>For example, to measure how long some code takes to execute:
556 * <pre> {@code
557 * long startTime = System.nanoTime();
558 * // ... the code being measured ...
559 * long elapsedNanos = System.nanoTime() - startTime;}</pre>
560 *
561 * <p>To compare elapsed time against a timeout, use <pre> {@code
562 * if (System.nanoTime() - startTime >= timeoutNanos) ...}</pre>
563 * instead of <pre> {@code
564 * if (System.nanoTime() >= startTime + timeoutNanos) ...}</pre>
565 * because of the possibility of numerical overflow.
566 *
567 * @return the current value of the running Java Virtual Machine's
568 * high-resolution time source, in nanoseconds
569 * @since 1.5
570 */
571 @IntrinsicCandidate
572 public static native long nanoTime();
573
574 /**
575 * Copies an array from the specified source array, beginning at the
576 * specified position, to the specified position of the destination array.
577 * A subsequence of array components are copied from the source
578 * array referenced by {@code src} to the destination array
579 * referenced by {@code dest}. The number of components copied is
580 * equal to the {@code length} argument. The components at
581 * positions {@code srcPos} through
582 * {@code srcPos+length-1} in the source array are copied into
583 * positions {@code destPos} through
584 * {@code destPos+length-1}, respectively, of the destination
585 * array.
586 * <p>
587 * If the {@code src} and {@code dest} arguments refer to the
588 * same array object, then the copying is performed as if the
589 * components at positions {@code srcPos} through
590 * {@code srcPos+length-1} were first copied to a temporary
591 * array with {@code length} components and then the contents of
592 * the temporary array were copied into positions
593 * {@code destPos} through {@code destPos+length-1} of the
594 * destination array.
595 * <p>
596 * If {@code dest} is {@code null}, then a
597 * {@code NullPointerException} is thrown.
598 * <p>
599 * If {@code src} is {@code null}, then a
600 * {@code NullPointerException} is thrown and the destination
601 * array is not modified.
602 * <p>
603 * Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
604 * {@code ArrayStoreException} is thrown and the destination is
605 * not modified:
606 * <ul>
607 * <li>The {@code src} argument refers to an object that is not an
608 * array.
609 * <li>The {@code dest} argument refers to an object that is not an
610 * array.
611 * <li>The {@code src} argument and {@code dest} argument refer
612 * to arrays whose component types are different primitive types.
613 * <li>The {@code src} argument refers to an array with a primitive
614 * component type and the {@code dest} argument refers to an array
615 * with a reference component type.
616 * <li>The {@code src} argument refers to an array with a reference
617 * component type and the {@code dest} argument refers to an array
618 * with a primitive component type.
619 * </ul>
620 * <p>
621 * Otherwise, if any of the following is true, an
622 * {@code IndexOutOfBoundsException} is
623 * thrown and the destination is not modified:
624 * <ul>
625 * <li>The {@code srcPos} argument is negative.
626 * <li>The {@code destPos} argument is negative.
627 * <li>The {@code length} argument is negative.
628 * <li>{@code srcPos+length} is greater than
629 * {@code src.length}, the length of the source array.
630 * <li>{@code destPos+length} is greater than
631 * {@code dest.length}, the length of the destination array.
632 * </ul>
633 * <p>
634 * Otherwise, if any actual component of the source array from
635 * position {@code srcPos} through
636 * {@code srcPos+length-1} cannot be converted to the component
637 * type of the destination array by assignment conversion, an
638 * {@code ArrayStoreException} is thrown. In this case, let
639 * <b><i>k</i></b> be the smallest nonnegative integer less than
640 * length such that {@code src[srcPos+}<i>k</i>{@code ]}
641 * cannot be converted to the component type of the destination
642 * array; when the exception is thrown, source array components from
643 * positions {@code srcPos} through
644 * {@code srcPos+}<i>k</i>{@code -1}
645 * will already have been copied to destination array positions
646 * {@code destPos} through
647 * {@code destPos+}<i>k</I>{@code -1} and no other
648 * positions of the destination array will have been modified.
649 * (Because of the restrictions already itemized, this
650 * paragraph effectively applies only to the situation where both
651 * arrays have component types that are reference types.)
652 *
653 * @param src the source array.
654 * @param srcPos starting position in the source array.
655 * @param dest the destination array.
656 * @param destPos starting position in the destination data.
657 * @param length the number of array elements to be copied.
658 * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if copying would cause
659 * access of data outside array bounds.
660 * @throws ArrayStoreException if an element in the {@code src}
661 * array could not be stored into the {@code dest} array
662 * because of a type mismatch.
663 * @throws NullPointerException if either {@code src} or
664 * {@code dest} is {@code null}.
665 */
666 @IntrinsicCandidate
667 public static native void arraycopy(Object src, int srcPos,
668 Object dest, int destPos,
669 int length);
670
671 /**
672 * Returns the same hash code for the given object as
673 * would be returned by the default method hashCode(),
674 * whether or not the given object's class overrides
675 * hashCode().
676 * The hash code for the null reference is zero.
677 *
678 * @param x object for which the hashCode is to be calculated
679 * @return the hashCode
680 * @since 1.1
681 * @see Object#hashCode
682 * @see java.util.Objects#hashCode(Object)
683 */
684 @IntrinsicCandidate
685 public static native int identityHashCode(Object x);
686
687 /**
688 * System properties.
689 *
690 * See {@linkplain #getProperties getProperties} for details.
691 */
692 private static Properties props;
693
694 /**
695 * Determines the current system properties.
696 *
697 * First, if there is a security manager, its
698 * {@code checkPropertiesAccess} method is called with no
699 * arguments. This may result in a security exception.
700 * <p>
701 * The current set of system properties for use by the
702 * {@link #getProperty(String)} method is returned as a
703 * {@code Properties} object. If there is no current set of
704 * system properties, a set of system properties is first created and
705 * initialized. This set of system properties includes a value
706 * for each of the following keys unless the description of the associated
707 * value indicates that the value is optional.
708 * <table class="striped" style="text-align:left">
709 * <caption style="display:none">Shows property keys and associated values</caption>
710 * <thead>
711 * <tr><th scope="col">Key</th>
712 * <th scope="col">Description of Associated Value</th></tr>
713 * </thead>
714 * <tbody>
715 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.version}</th>
716 * <td>Java Runtime Environment version, which may be interpreted
717 * as a {@link Runtime.Version}</td></tr>
718 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.version.date}</th>
719 * <td>Java Runtime Environment version date, in ISO-8601 YYYY-MM-DD
720 * format, which may be interpreted as a {@link
721 * java.time.LocalDate}</td></tr>
722 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vendor}</th>
723 * <td>Java Runtime Environment vendor</td></tr>
724 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vendor.url}</th>
725 * <td>Java vendor URL</td></tr>
726 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vendor.version}</th>
727 * <td>Java vendor version <em>(optional)</em> </td></tr>
728 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.home}</th>
729 * <td>Java installation directory</td></tr>
730 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vm.specification.version}</th>
731 * <td>Java Virtual Machine specification version, whose value is the
732 * {@linkplain Runtime.Version#feature feature} element of the
733 * {@linkplain Runtime#version() runtime version}</td></tr>
734 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vm.specification.vendor}</th>
735 * <td>Java Virtual Machine specification vendor</td></tr>
736 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vm.specification.name}</th>
737 * <td>Java Virtual Machine specification name</td></tr>
738 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vm.version}</th>
739 * <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation version which may be
740 * interpreted as a {@link Runtime.Version}</td></tr>
741 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vm.vendor}</th>
742 * <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation vendor</td></tr>
743 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.vm.name}</th>
744 * <td>Java Virtual Machine implementation name</td></tr>
745 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.specification.version}</th>
746 * <td>Java Runtime Environment specification version, whose value is
747 * the {@linkplain Runtime.Version#feature feature} element of the
748 * {@linkplain Runtime#version() runtime version}</td></tr>
749 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.specification.maintenance.version}</th>
750 * <td>Java Runtime Environment specification maintenance version,
751 * may be interpreted as a positive integer <em>(optional, see below)</em></td></tr>
752 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.specification.vendor}</th>
753 * <td>Java Runtime Environment specification vendor</td></tr>
754 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.specification.name}</th>
755 * <td>Java Runtime Environment specification name</td></tr>
756 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.class.version}</th>
757 * <td>{@linkplain java.lang.reflect.ClassFileFormatVersion#latest() Latest}
758 * Java class file format version recognized by the Java runtime as {@code "MAJOR.MINOR"}
759 * where {@link java.lang.reflect.ClassFileFormatVersion#major() MAJOR} and {@code MINOR}
760 * are both formatted as decimal integers</td></tr>
761 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.class.path}</th>
762 * <td>Java class path (refer to
763 * {@link ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader()} for details)</td></tr>
764 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.library.path}</th>
765 * <td>List of paths to search when loading libraries</td></tr>
766 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty java.io.tmpdir}</th>
767 * <td>Default temp file path</td></tr>
768 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty os.name}</th>
769 * <td>Operating system name</td></tr>
770 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty os.arch}</th>
771 * <td>Operating system architecture</td></tr>
772 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty os.version}</th>
773 * <td>Operating system version</td></tr>
774 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty file.separator}</th>
775 * <td>File separator ("/" on UNIX)</td></tr>
776 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty path.separator}</th>
777 * <td>Path separator (":" on UNIX)</td></tr>
778 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty line.separator}</th>
779 * <td>Line separator ("\n" on UNIX)</td></tr>
780 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty user.name}</th>
781 * <td>User's account name</td></tr>
782 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty user.home}</th>
783 * <td>User's home directory</td></tr>
784 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty user.dir}</th>
785 * <td>User's current working directory</td></tr>
786 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty native.encoding}</th>
787 * <td>Character encoding name derived from the host environment and/or
788 * the user's settings. Setting this system property has no effect.</td></tr>
789 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty stdout.encoding}</th>
790 * <td>Character encoding name for {@link System#out System.out}.
791 * The Java runtime can be started with the system property set to {@code UTF-8},
792 * starting it with the property set to another value leads to undefined behavior.
793 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty stderr.encoding}</th>
794 * <td>Character encoding name for {@link System#err System.err}.
795 * The Java runtime can be started with the system property set to {@code UTF-8},
796 * starting it with the property set to another value leads to undefined behavior.
797 * </tbody>
798 * </table>
799 * <p>
800 * The {@code java.specification.maintenance.version} property is
801 * defined if the specification implemented by this runtime at the
802 * time of its construction had undergone a <a
803 * href="https://jcp.org/en/procedures/jcp2#3.6.4">maintenance
804 * release</a>. When defined, its value identifies that
805 * maintenance release. To indicate the first maintenance release
806 * this property will have the value {@code "1"}, to indicate the
807 * second maintenance release this property will have the value
808 * {@code "2"}, and so on.
809 * <p>
810 * Multiple paths in a system property value are separated by the path
811 * separator character of the platform.
812 * <p>
813 * Note that even if the security manager does not permit the
814 * {@code getProperties} operation, it may choose to permit the
815 * {@link #getProperty(String)} operation.
816 *
817 * @apiNote
818 * <strong>Changing a standard system property may have unpredictable results
819 * unless otherwise specified.</strong>
820 * Property values may be cached during initialization or on first use.
821 * Setting a standard property after initialization using {@link #getProperties()},
822 * {@link #setProperties(Properties)}, {@link #setProperty(String, String)}, or
823 * {@link #clearProperty(String)} may not have the desired effect.
824 *
825 * @implNote
826 * In addition to the standard system properties, the system
827 * properties may include the following keys:
828 * <table class="striped">
829 * <caption style="display:none">Shows property keys and associated values</caption>
830 * <thead>
831 * <tr><th scope="col">Key</th>
832 * <th scope="col">Description of Associated Value</th></tr>
833 * </thead>
834 * <tbody>
835 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty jdk.module.path}</th>
836 * <td>The application module path</td></tr>
837 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty jdk.module.upgrade.path}</th>
838 * <td>The upgrade module path</td></tr>
839 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty jdk.module.main}</th>
840 * <td>The module name of the initial/main module</td></tr>
841 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty jdk.module.main.class}</th>
842 * <td>The main class name of the initial module</td></tr>
843 * <tr><th scope="row">{@systemProperty file.encoding}</th>
844 * <td>The name of the default charset, defaults to {@code UTF-8}.
845 * The property may be set on the command line to the value
846 * {@code UTF-8} or {@code COMPAT}. If set on the command line to
847 * the value {@code COMPAT} then the value is replaced with the
848 * value of the {@code native.encoding} property during startup.
849 * Setting the property to a value other than {@code UTF-8} or
850 * {@code COMPAT} leads to unspecified behavior.
851 * </td></tr>
852 * </tbody>
853 * </table>
854 *
855 * @return the system properties
856 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
857 * {@code checkPropertiesAccess} method doesn't allow access
858 * to the system properties.
859 * @see #setProperties
860 * @see java.lang.SecurityException
861 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
862 * @see java.util.Properties
863 */
864 public static Properties getProperties() {
865 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
866 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
867 if (sm != null) {
868 sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
869 }
870
871 return props;
872 }
873
874 /**
875 * Returns the system-dependent line separator string. It always
876 * returns the same value - the initial value of the {@linkplain
877 * #getProperty(String) system property} {@code line.separator}.
878 *
879 * <p>On UNIX systems, it returns {@code "\n"}; on Microsoft
880 * Windows systems it returns {@code "\r\n"}.
881 *
882 * @return the system-dependent line separator string
883 * @since 1.7
884 */
885 public static String lineSeparator() {
886 return lineSeparator;
887 }
888
889 private static String lineSeparator;
890
891 /**
892 * Sets the system properties to the {@code Properties} argument.
893 *
894 * First, if there is a security manager, its
895 * {@code checkPropertiesAccess} method is called with no
896 * arguments. This may result in a security exception.
897 * <p>
898 * The argument becomes the current set of system properties for use
899 * by the {@link #getProperty(String)} method. If the argument is
900 * {@code null}, then the current set of system properties is
901 * forgotten.
902 *
903 * @apiNote
904 * <strong>Changing a standard system property may have unpredictable results
905 * unless otherwise specified</strong>.
906 * See {@linkplain #getProperties getProperties} for details.
907 *
908 * @param props the new system properties.
909 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
910 * {@code checkPropertiesAccess} method doesn't allow access
911 * to the system properties.
912 * @see #getProperties
913 * @see java.util.Properties
914 * @see java.lang.SecurityException
915 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
916 */
917 public static void setProperties(Properties props) {
918 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
919 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
920 if (sm != null) {
921 sm.checkPropertiesAccess();
922 }
923
924 if (props == null) {
925 Map<String, String> tempProps = SystemProps.initProperties();
926 VersionProps.init(tempProps);
927 props = createProperties(tempProps);
928 }
929 System.props = props;
930 }
931
932 /**
933 * Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
934 *
935 * First, if there is a security manager, its
936 * {@code checkPropertyAccess} method is called with the key as
937 * its argument. This may result in a SecurityException.
938 * <p>
939 * If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
940 * properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
941 * for the {@code getProperties} method.
942 *
943 * @apiNote
944 * <strong>Changing a standard system property may have unpredictable results
945 * unless otherwise specified</strong>.
946 * See {@linkplain #getProperties getProperties} for details.
947 *
948 * @param key the name of the system property.
949 * @return the string value of the system property,
950 * or {@code null} if there is no property with that key.
951 *
952 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
953 * {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow
954 * access to the specified system property.
955 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code key} is {@code null}.
956 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code key} is empty.
957 * @see #setProperty
958 * @see java.lang.SecurityException
959 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
960 * @see java.lang.System#getProperties()
961 */
962 public static String getProperty(String key) {
963 checkKey(key);
964 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
965 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
966 if (sm != null) {
967 sm.checkPropertyAccess(key);
968 }
969
970 return props.getProperty(key);
971 }
972
973 /**
974 * Gets the system property indicated by the specified key.
975 *
976 * First, if there is a security manager, its
977 * {@code checkPropertyAccess} method is called with the
978 * {@code key} as its argument.
979 * <p>
980 * If there is no current set of system properties, a set of system
981 * properties is first created and initialized in the same manner as
982 * for the {@code getProperties} method.
983 *
984 * @param key the name of the system property.
985 * @param def a default value.
986 * @return the string value of the system property,
987 * or the default value if there is no property with that key.
988 *
989 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
990 * {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow
991 * access to the specified system property.
992 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code key} is {@code null}.
993 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code key} is empty.
994 * @see #setProperty
995 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertyAccess(java.lang.String)
996 * @see java.lang.System#getProperties()
997 */
998 public static String getProperty(String key, String def) {
999 checkKey(key);
1000 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1001 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
1002 if (sm != null) {
1003 sm.checkPropertyAccess(key);
1004 }
1005
1006 return props.getProperty(key, def);
1007 }
1008
1009 /**
1010 * Sets the system property indicated by the specified key.
1011 *
1012 * First, if a security manager exists, its
1013 * {@code SecurityManager.checkPermission} method
1014 * is called with a {@code PropertyPermission(key, "write")}
1015 * permission. This may result in a SecurityException being thrown.
1016 * If no exception is thrown, the specified property is set to the given
1017 * value.
1018 *
1019 * @apiNote
1020 * <strong>Changing a standard system property may have unpredictable results
1021 * unless otherwise specified</strong>.
1022 * See {@linkplain #getProperties getProperties} for details.
1023 *
1024 * @param key the name of the system property.
1025 * @param value the value of the system property.
1026 * @return the previous value of the system property,
1027 * or {@code null} if it did not have one.
1028 *
1029 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
1030 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
1031 * setting of the specified property.
1032 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code key} or
1033 * {@code value} is {@code null}.
1034 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code key} is empty.
1035 * @see #getProperty
1036 * @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
1037 * @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
1038 * @see java.util.PropertyPermission
1039 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
1040 * @since 1.2
1041 */
1042 public static String setProperty(String key, String value) {
1043 checkKey(key);
1044 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1045 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
1046 if (sm != null) {
1047 sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key,
1048 SecurityConstants.PROPERTY_WRITE_ACTION));
1049 }
1050
1051 return (String) props.setProperty(key, value);
1052 }
1053
1054 /**
1055 * Removes the system property indicated by the specified key.
1056 *
1057 * First, if a security manager exists, its
1058 * {@code SecurityManager.checkPermission} method
1059 * is called with a {@code PropertyPermission(key, "write")}
1060 * permission. This may result in a SecurityException being thrown.
1061 * If no exception is thrown, the specified property is removed.
1062 *
1063 * @apiNote
1064 * <strong>Changing a standard system property may have unpredictable results
1065 * unless otherwise specified</strong>.
1066 * See {@linkplain #getProperties getProperties} method for details.
1067 *
1068 * @param key the name of the system property to be removed.
1069 * @return the previous string value of the system property,
1070 * or {@code null} if there was no property with that key.
1071 *
1072 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
1073 * {@code checkPropertyAccess} method doesn't allow
1074 * access to the specified system property.
1075 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code key} is {@code null}.
1076 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code key} is empty.
1077 * @see #getProperty
1078 * @see #setProperty
1079 * @see java.util.Properties
1080 * @see java.lang.SecurityException
1081 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkPropertiesAccess()
1082 * @since 1.5
1083 */
1084 public static String clearProperty(String key) {
1085 checkKey(key);
1086 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1087 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
1088 if (sm != null) {
1089 sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission(key, "write"));
1090 }
1091
1092 return (String) props.remove(key);
1093 }
1094
1095 private static void checkKey(String key) {
1096 if (key == null) {
1097 throw new NullPointerException("key can't be null");
1098 }
1099 if (key.isEmpty()) {
1100 throw new IllegalArgumentException("key can't be empty");
1101 }
1102 }
1103
1104 /**
1105 * Gets the value of the specified environment variable. An
1106 * environment variable is a system-dependent external named
1107 * value.
1108 *
1109 * <p>If a security manager exists, its
1110 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
1111 * method is called with a
1112 * {@link RuntimePermission RuntimePermission("getenv."+name)}
1113 * permission. This may result in a {@link SecurityException}
1114 * being thrown. If no exception is thrown the value of the
1115 * variable {@code name} is returned.
1116 *
1117 * <p><a id="EnvironmentVSSystemProperties"><i>System
1118 * properties</i> and <i>environment variables</i></a> are both
1119 * conceptually mappings between names and values. Both
1120 * mechanisms can be used to pass user-defined information to a
1121 * Java process. Environment variables have a more global effect,
1122 * because they are visible to all descendants of the process
1123 * which defines them, not just the immediate Java subprocess.
1124 * They can have subtly different semantics, such as case
1125 * insensitivity, on different operating systems. For these
1126 * reasons, environment variables are more likely to have
1127 * unintended side effects. It is best to use system properties
1128 * where possible. Environment variables should be used when a
1129 * global effect is desired, or when an external system interface
1130 * requires an environment variable (such as {@code PATH}).
1131 *
1132 * <p>On UNIX systems the alphabetic case of {@code name} is
1133 * typically significant, while on Microsoft Windows systems it is
1134 * typically not. For example, the expression
1135 * {@code System.getenv("FOO").equals(System.getenv("foo"))}
1136 * is likely to be true on Microsoft Windows.
1137 *
1138 * @param name the name of the environment variable
1139 * @return the string value of the variable, or {@code null}
1140 * if the variable is not defined in the system environment
1141 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1142 * @throws SecurityException
1143 * if a security manager exists and its
1144 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
1145 * method doesn't allow access to the environment variable
1146 * {@code name}
1147 * @see #getenv()
1148 * @see ProcessBuilder#environment()
1149 */
1150 public static String getenv(String name) {
1151 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1152 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
1153 if (sm != null) {
1154 sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv."+name));
1155 }
1156
1157 return ProcessEnvironment.getenv(name);
1158 }
1159
1160
1161 /**
1162 * Returns an unmodifiable string map view of the current system environment.
1163 * The environment is a system-dependent mapping from names to
1164 * values which is passed from parent to child processes.
1165 *
1166 * <p>If the system does not support environment variables, an
1167 * empty map is returned.
1168 *
1169 * <p>The returned map will never contain null keys or values.
1170 * Attempting to query the presence of a null key or value will
1171 * throw a {@link NullPointerException}. Attempting to query
1172 * the presence of a key or value which is not of type
1173 * {@link String} will throw a {@link ClassCastException}.
1174 *
1175 * <p>The returned map and its collection views may not obey the
1176 * general contract of the {@link Object#equals} and
1177 * {@link Object#hashCode} methods.
1178 *
1179 * <p>The returned map is typically case-sensitive on all platforms.
1180 *
1181 * <p>If a security manager exists, its
1182 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
1183 * method is called with a
1184 * {@link RuntimePermission RuntimePermission("getenv.*")} permission.
1185 * This may result in a {@link SecurityException} being thrown.
1186 *
1187 * <p>When passing information to a Java subprocess,
1188 * <a href=#EnvironmentVSSystemProperties>system properties</a>
1189 * are generally preferred over environment variables.
1190 *
1191 * @return the environment as a map of variable names to values
1192 * @throws SecurityException
1193 * if a security manager exists and its
1194 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission checkPermission}
1195 * method doesn't allow access to the process environment
1196 * @see #getenv(String)
1197 * @see ProcessBuilder#environment()
1198 * @since 1.5
1199 */
1200 public static java.util.Map<String,String> getenv() {
1201 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1202 SecurityManager sm = getSecurityManager();
1203 if (sm != null) {
1204 sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getenv.*"));
1205 }
1206
1207 return ProcessEnvironment.getenv();
1208 }
1209
1210 /**
1211 * {@code System.Logger} instances log messages that will be
1212 * routed to the underlying logging framework the {@link System.LoggerFinder
1213 * LoggerFinder} uses.
1214 *
1215 * {@code System.Logger} instances are typically obtained from
1216 * the {@link java.lang.System System} class, by calling
1217 * {@link java.lang.System#getLogger(java.lang.String) System.getLogger(loggerName)}
1218 * or {@link java.lang.System#getLogger(java.lang.String, java.util.ResourceBundle)
1219 * System.getLogger(loggerName, bundle)}.
1220 *
1221 * @see java.lang.System#getLogger(java.lang.String)
1222 * @see java.lang.System#getLogger(java.lang.String, java.util.ResourceBundle)
1223 * @see java.lang.System.LoggerFinder
1224 *
1225 * @since 9
1226 */
1227 public interface Logger {
1228
1229 /**
1230 * System {@linkplain Logger loggers} levels.
1231 *
1232 * A level has a {@linkplain #getName() name} and {@linkplain
1233 * #getSeverity() severity}.
1234 * Level values are {@link #ALL}, {@link #TRACE}, {@link #DEBUG},
1235 * {@link #INFO}, {@link #WARNING}, {@link #ERROR}, {@link #OFF},
1236 * by order of increasing severity.
1237 * <br>
1238 * {@link #ALL} and {@link #OFF}
1239 * are simple markers with severities mapped respectively to
1240 * {@link java.lang.Integer#MIN_VALUE Integer.MIN_VALUE} and
1241 * {@link java.lang.Integer#MAX_VALUE Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
1242 * <p>
1243 * <b>Severity values and Mapping to {@code java.util.logging.Level}.</b>
1244 * <p>
1245 * {@linkplain System.Logger.Level System logger levels} are mapped to
1246 * {@linkplain java.logging/java.util.logging.Level java.util.logging levels}
1247 * of corresponding severity.
1248 * <br>The mapping is as follows:
1249 * <br><br>
1250 * <table class="striped">
1251 * <caption>System.Logger Severity Level Mapping</caption>
1252 * <thead>
1253 * <tr><th scope="col">System.Logger Levels</th>
1254 * <th scope="col">java.util.logging Levels</th>
1255 * </thead>
1256 * <tbody>
1257 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#ALL ALL}</th>
1258 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#ALL ALL}</td>
1259 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#TRACE TRACE}</th>
1260 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#FINER FINER}</td>
1261 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#DEBUG DEBUG}</th>
1262 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#FINE FINE}</td>
1263 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#INFO INFO}</th>
1264 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#INFO INFO}</td>
1265 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#WARNING WARNING}</th>
1266 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#WARNING WARNING}</td>
1267 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#ERROR ERROR}</th>
1268 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#SEVERE SEVERE}</td>
1269 * <tr><th scope="row">{@link Logger.Level#OFF OFF}</th>
1270 * <td>{@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Level#OFF OFF}</td>
1271 * </tbody>
1272 * </table>
1273 *
1274 * @since 9
1275 *
1276 * @see java.lang.System.LoggerFinder
1277 * @see java.lang.System.Logger
1278 */
1279 @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
1280 public enum Level {
1281
1282 // for convenience, we're reusing java.util.logging.Level int values
1283 // the mapping logic in sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger depends
1284 // on this.
1285 /**
1286 * A marker to indicate that all levels are enabled.
1287 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1288 * {@link Integer#MIN_VALUE}.
1289 */
1290 ALL(Integer.MIN_VALUE), // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.ALL
1291 /**
1292 * {@code TRACE} level: usually used to log diagnostic information.
1293 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1294 * {@code 400}.
1295 */
1296 TRACE(400), // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.FINER
1297 /**
1298 * {@code DEBUG} level: usually used to log debug information traces.
1299 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1300 * {@code 500}.
1301 */
1302 DEBUG(500), // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.FINEST/FINE/CONFIG
1303 /**
1304 * {@code INFO} level: usually used to log information messages.
1305 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1306 * {@code 800}.
1307 */
1308 INFO(800), // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.INFO
1309 /**
1310 * {@code WARNING} level: usually used to log warning messages.
1311 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1312 * {@code 900}.
1313 */
1314 WARNING(900), // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.WARNING
1315 /**
1316 * {@code ERROR} level: usually used to log error messages.
1317 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1318 * {@code 1000}.
1319 */
1320 ERROR(1000), // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.SEVERE
1321 /**
1322 * A marker to indicate that all levels are disabled.
1323 * This level {@linkplain #getSeverity() severity} is
1324 * {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
1325 */
1326 OFF(Integer.MAX_VALUE); // typically mapped to/from j.u.l.Level.OFF
1327
1328 private final int severity;
1329
1330 private Level(int severity) {
1331 this.severity = severity;
1332 }
1333
1334 /**
1335 * Returns the name of this level.
1336 * @return this level {@linkplain #name()}.
1337 */
1338 public final String getName() {
1339 return name();
1340 }
1341
1342 /**
1343 * Returns the severity of this level.
1344 * A higher severity means a more severe condition.
1345 * @return this level severity.
1346 */
1347 public final int getSeverity() {
1348 return severity;
1349 }
1350 }
1351
1352 /**
1353 * Returns the name of this logger.
1354 *
1355 * @return the logger name.
1356 */
1357 public String getName();
1358
1359 /**
1360 * Checks if a message of the given level would be logged by
1361 * this logger.
1362 *
1363 * @param level the log message level.
1364 * @return {@code true} if the given log message level is currently
1365 * being logged.
1366 *
1367 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}.
1368 */
1369 public boolean isLoggable(Level level);
1370
1371 /**
1372 * Logs a message.
1373 *
1374 * @implSpec The default implementation for this method calls
1375 * {@code this.log(level, (ResourceBundle)null, msg, (Object[])null);}
1376 *
1377 * @param level the log message level.
1378 * @param msg the string message (or a key in the message catalog, if
1379 * this logger is a {@link
1380 * LoggerFinder#getLocalizedLogger(java.lang.String,
1381 * java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.Module) localized logger});
1382 * can be {@code null}.
1383 *
1384 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}.
1385 */
1386 public default void log(Level level, String msg) {
1387 log(level, (ResourceBundle) null, msg, (Object[]) null);
1388 }
1389
1390 /**
1391 * Logs a lazily supplied message.
1392 *
1393 * If the logger is currently enabled for the given log message level
1394 * then a message is logged that is the result produced by the
1395 * given supplier function. Otherwise, the supplier is not operated on.
1396 *
1397 * @implSpec When logging is enabled for the given level, the default
1398 * implementation for this method calls
1399 * {@code this.log(level, (ResourceBundle)null, msgSupplier.get(), (Object[])null);}
1400 *
1401 * @param level the log message level.
1402 * @param msgSupplier a supplier function that produces a message.
1403 *
1404 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null},
1405 * or {@code msgSupplier} is {@code null}.
1406 */
1407 public default void log(Level level, Supplier<String> msgSupplier) {
1408 Objects.requireNonNull(msgSupplier);
1409 if (isLoggable(Objects.requireNonNull(level))) {
1410 log(level, (ResourceBundle) null, msgSupplier.get(), (Object[]) null);
1411 }
1412 }
1413
1414 /**
1415 * Logs a message produced from the given object.
1416 *
1417 * If the logger is currently enabled for the given log message level then
1418 * a message is logged that, by default, is the result produced from
1419 * calling toString on the given object.
1420 * Otherwise, the object is not operated on.
1421 *
1422 * @implSpec When logging is enabled for the given level, the default
1423 * implementation for this method calls
1424 * {@code this.log(level, (ResourceBundle)null, obj.toString(), (Object[])null);}
1425 *
1426 * @param level the log message level.
1427 * @param obj the object to log.
1428 *
1429 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}, or
1430 * {@code obj} is {@code null}.
1431 */
1432 public default void log(Level level, Object obj) {
1433 Objects.requireNonNull(obj);
1434 if (isLoggable(Objects.requireNonNull(level))) {
1435 this.log(level, (ResourceBundle) null, obj.toString(), (Object[]) null);
1436 }
1437 }
1438
1439 /**
1440 * Logs a message associated with a given throwable.
1441 *
1442 * @implSpec The default implementation for this method calls
1443 * {@code this.log(level, (ResourceBundle)null, msg, thrown);}
1444 *
1445 * @param level the log message level.
1446 * @param msg the string message (or a key in the message catalog, if
1447 * this logger is a {@link
1448 * LoggerFinder#getLocalizedLogger(java.lang.String,
1449 * java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.Module) localized logger});
1450 * can be {@code null}.
1451 * @param thrown a {@code Throwable} associated with the log message;
1452 * can be {@code null}.
1453 *
1454 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}.
1455 */
1456 public default void log(Level level, String msg, Throwable thrown) {
1457 this.log(level, null, msg, thrown);
1458 }
1459
1460 /**
1461 * Logs a lazily supplied message associated with a given throwable.
1462 *
1463 * If the logger is currently enabled for the given log message level
1464 * then a message is logged that is the result produced by the
1465 * given supplier function. Otherwise, the supplier is not operated on.
1466 *
1467 * @implSpec When logging is enabled for the given level, the default
1468 * implementation for this method calls
1469 * {@code this.log(level, (ResourceBundle)null, msgSupplier.get(), thrown);}
1470 *
1471 * @param level one of the log message level identifiers.
1472 * @param msgSupplier a supplier function that produces a message.
1473 * @param thrown a {@code Throwable} associated with log message;
1474 * can be {@code null}.
1475 *
1476 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}, or
1477 * {@code msgSupplier} is {@code null}.
1478 */
1479 public default void log(Level level, Supplier<String> msgSupplier,
1480 Throwable thrown) {
1481 Objects.requireNonNull(msgSupplier);
1482 if (isLoggable(Objects.requireNonNull(level))) {
1483 this.log(level, null, msgSupplier.get(), thrown);
1484 }
1485 }
1486
1487 /**
1488 * Logs a message with an optional list of parameters.
1489 *
1490 * @implSpec The default implementation for this method calls
1491 * {@code this.log(level, (ResourceBundle)null, format, params);}
1492 *
1493 * @param level one of the log message level identifiers.
1494 * @param format the string message format in {@link
1495 * java.text.MessageFormat} format, (or a key in the message
1496 * catalog, if this logger is a {@link
1497 * LoggerFinder#getLocalizedLogger(java.lang.String,
1498 * java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.Module) localized logger});
1499 * can be {@code null}.
1500 * @param params an optional list of parameters to the message (may be
1501 * none).
1502 *
1503 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}.
1504 */
1505 public default void log(Level level, String format, Object... params) {
1506 this.log(level, null, format, params);
1507 }
1508
1509 /**
1510 * Logs a localized message associated with a given throwable.
1511 *
1512 * If the given resource bundle is non-{@code null}, the {@code msg}
1513 * string is localized using the given resource bundle.
1514 * Otherwise the {@code msg} string is not localized.
1515 *
1516 * @param level the log message level.
1517 * @param bundle a resource bundle to localize {@code msg}; can be
1518 * {@code null}.
1519 * @param msg the string message (or a key in the message catalog,
1520 * if {@code bundle} is not {@code null}); can be {@code null}.
1521 * @param thrown a {@code Throwable} associated with the log message;
1522 * can be {@code null}.
1523 *
1524 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}.
1525 */
1526 public void log(Level level, ResourceBundle bundle, String msg,
1527 Throwable thrown);
1528
1529 /**
1530 * Logs a message with resource bundle and an optional list of
1531 * parameters.
1532 *
1533 * If the given resource bundle is non-{@code null}, the {@code format}
1534 * string is localized using the given resource bundle.
1535 * Otherwise the {@code format} string is not localized.
1536 *
1537 * @param level the log message level.
1538 * @param bundle a resource bundle to localize {@code format}; can be
1539 * {@code null}.
1540 * @param format the string message format in {@link
1541 * java.text.MessageFormat} format, (or a key in the message
1542 * catalog if {@code bundle} is not {@code null}); can be {@code null}.
1543 * @param params an optional list of parameters to the message (may be
1544 * none).
1545 *
1546 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code level} is {@code null}.
1547 */
1548 public void log(Level level, ResourceBundle bundle, String format,
1549 Object... params);
1550 }
1551
1552 /**
1553 * The {@code LoggerFinder} service is responsible for creating, managing,
1554 * and configuring loggers to the underlying framework it uses.
1555 *
1556 * A logger finder is a concrete implementation of this class that has a
1557 * zero-argument constructor and implements the abstract methods defined
1558 * by this class.
1559 * The loggers returned from a logger finder are capable of routing log
1560 * messages to the logging backend this provider supports.
1561 * A given invocation of the Java Runtime maintains a single
1562 * system-wide LoggerFinder instance that is loaded as follows:
1563 * <ul>
1564 * <li>First it finds any custom {@code LoggerFinder} provider
1565 * using the {@link java.util.ServiceLoader} facility with the
1566 * {@linkplain ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader() system class
1567 * loader}.</li>
1568 * <li>If no {@code LoggerFinder} provider is found, the system default
1569 * {@code LoggerFinder} implementation will be used.</li>
1570 * </ul>
1571 * <p>
1572 * An application can replace the logging backend
1573 * <i>even when the java.logging module is present</i>, by simply providing
1574 * and declaring an implementation of the {@link LoggerFinder} service.
1575 * <p>
1576 * <b>Default Implementation</b>
1577 * <p>
1578 * The system default {@code LoggerFinder} implementation uses
1579 * {@code java.util.logging} as the backend framework when the
1580 * {@code java.logging} module is present.
1581 * It returns a {@linkplain System.Logger logger} instance
1582 * that will route log messages to a {@link java.logging/java.util.logging.Logger
1583 * java.util.logging.Logger}. Otherwise, if {@code java.logging} is not
1584 * present, the default implementation will return a simple logger
1585 * instance that will route log messages of {@code INFO} level and above to
1586 * the console ({@code System.err}).
1587 * <p>
1588 * <b>Logging Configuration</b>
1589 * <p>
1590 * {@linkplain Logger Logger} instances obtained from the
1591 * {@code LoggerFinder} factory methods are not directly configurable by
1592 * the application. Configuration is the responsibility of the underlying
1593 * logging backend, and usually requires using APIs specific to that backend.
1594 * <p>For the default {@code LoggerFinder} implementation
1595 * using {@code java.util.logging} as its backend, refer to
1596 * {@link java.logging/java.util.logging java.util.logging} for logging configuration.
1597 * For the default {@code LoggerFinder} implementation returning simple loggers
1598 * when the {@code java.logging} module is absent, the configuration
1599 * is implementation dependent.
1600 * <p>
1601 * Usually an application that uses a logging framework will log messages
1602 * through a logger facade defined (or supported) by that framework.
1603 * Applications that wish to use an external framework should log
1604 * through the facade associated with that framework.
1605 * <p>
1606 * A system class that needs to log messages will typically obtain
1607 * a {@link System.Logger} instance to route messages to the logging
1608 * framework selected by the application.
1609 * <p>
1610 * Libraries and classes that only need loggers to produce log messages
1611 * should not attempt to configure loggers by themselves, as that
1612 * would make them dependent from a specific implementation of the
1613 * {@code LoggerFinder} service.
1614 * <p>
1615 * In addition, when a security manager is present, loggers provided to
1616 * system classes should not be directly configurable through the logging
1617 * backend without requiring permissions.
1618 * <br>
1619 * It is the responsibility of the provider of
1620 * the concrete {@code LoggerFinder} implementation to ensure that
1621 * these loggers are not configured by untrusted code without proper
1622 * permission checks, as configuration performed on such loggers usually
1623 * affects all applications in the same Java Runtime.
1624 * <p>
1625 * <b>Message Levels and Mapping to backend levels</b>
1626 * <p>
1627 * A logger finder is responsible for mapping from a {@code
1628 * System.Logger.Level} to a level supported by the logging backend it uses.
1629 * <br>The default LoggerFinder using {@code java.util.logging} as the backend
1630 * maps {@code System.Logger} levels to
1631 * {@linkplain java.logging/java.util.logging.Level java.util.logging} levels
1632 * of corresponding severity - as described in {@link Logger.Level
1633 * Logger.Level}.
1634 *
1635 * @see java.lang.System
1636 * @see java.lang.System.Logger
1637 *
1638 * @since 9
1639 */
1640 @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
1641 public abstract static class LoggerFinder {
1642 /**
1643 * The {@code RuntimePermission("loggerFinder")} is
1644 * necessary to subclass and instantiate the {@code LoggerFinder} class,
1645 * as well as to obtain loggers from an instance of that class.
1646 */
1647 static final RuntimePermission LOGGERFINDER_PERMISSION =
1648 new RuntimePermission("loggerFinder");
1649
1650 /**
1651 * Creates a new instance of {@code LoggerFinder}.
1652 *
1653 * @implNote It is recommended that a {@code LoggerFinder} service
1654 * implementation does not perform any heavy initialization in its
1655 * constructor, in order to avoid possible risks of deadlock or class
1656 * loading cycles during the instantiation of the service provider.
1657 *
1658 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present and its
1659 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow the
1660 * {@code RuntimePermission("loggerFinder")}.
1661 */
1662 protected LoggerFinder() {
1663 this(checkPermission());
1664 }
1665
1666 private LoggerFinder(Void unused) {
1667 // nothing to do.
1668 }
1669
1670 private static Void checkPermission() {
1671 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1672 final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1673 if (sm != null) {
1674 sm.checkPermission(LOGGERFINDER_PERMISSION);
1675 }
1676 return null;
1677 }
1678
1679 /**
1680 * Returns an instance of {@link Logger Logger}
1681 * for the given {@code module}.
1682 *
1683 * @param name the name of the logger.
1684 * @param module the module for which the logger is being requested.
1685 *
1686 * @return a {@link Logger logger} suitable for use within the given
1687 * module.
1688 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null} or
1689 * {@code module} is {@code null}.
1690 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present and its
1691 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow the
1692 * {@code RuntimePermission("loggerFinder")}.
1693 */
1694 public abstract Logger getLogger(String name, Module module);
1695
1696 /**
1697 * Returns a localizable instance of {@link Logger Logger}
1698 * for the given {@code module}.
1699 * The returned logger will use the provided resource bundle for
1700 * message localization.
1701 *
1702 * @implSpec By default, this method calls {@link
1703 * #getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.Module)
1704 * this.getLogger(name, module)} to obtain a logger, then wraps that
1705 * logger in a {@link Logger} instance where all methods that do not
1706 * take a {@link ResourceBundle} as parameter are redirected to one
1707 * which does - passing the given {@code bundle} for
1708 * localization. So for instance, a call to {@link
1709 * Logger#log(Logger.Level, String) Logger.log(Level.INFO, msg)}
1710 * will end up as a call to {@link
1711 * Logger#log(Logger.Level, ResourceBundle, String, Object...)
1712 * Logger.log(Level.INFO, bundle, msg, (Object[])null)} on the wrapped
1713 * logger instance.
1714 * Note however that by default, string messages returned by {@link
1715 * java.util.function.Supplier Supplier<String>} will not be
1716 * localized, as it is assumed that such strings are messages which are
1717 * already constructed, rather than keys in a resource bundle.
1718 * <p>
1719 * An implementation of {@code LoggerFinder} may override this method,
1720 * for example, when the underlying logging backend provides its own
1721 * mechanism for localizing log messages, then such a
1722 * {@code LoggerFinder} would be free to return a logger
1723 * that makes direct use of the mechanism provided by the backend.
1724 *
1725 * @param name the name of the logger.
1726 * @param bundle a resource bundle; can be {@code null}.
1727 * @param module the module for which the logger is being requested.
1728 * @return an instance of {@link Logger Logger} which will use the
1729 * provided resource bundle for message localization.
1730 *
1731 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null} or
1732 * {@code module} is {@code null}.
1733 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present and its
1734 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow the
1735 * {@code RuntimePermission("loggerFinder")}.
1736 */
1737 public Logger getLocalizedLogger(String name, ResourceBundle bundle,
1738 Module module) {
1739 return new LocalizedLoggerWrapper<>(getLogger(name, module), bundle);
1740 }
1741
1742 /**
1743 * Returns the {@code LoggerFinder} instance. There is one
1744 * single system-wide {@code LoggerFinder} instance in
1745 * the Java Runtime. See the class specification of how the
1746 * {@link LoggerFinder LoggerFinder} implementation is located and
1747 * loaded.
1748 *
1749 * @return the {@link LoggerFinder LoggerFinder} instance.
1750 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager is present and its
1751 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow the
1752 * {@code RuntimePermission("loggerFinder")}.
1753 */
1754 public static LoggerFinder getLoggerFinder() {
1755 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1756 final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1757 if (sm != null) {
1758 sm.checkPermission(LOGGERFINDER_PERMISSION);
1759 }
1760 return accessProvider();
1761 }
1762
1763
1764 private static volatile LoggerFinder service;
1765 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1766 static LoggerFinder accessProvider() {
1767 // We do not need to synchronize: LoggerFinderLoader will
1768 // always return the same instance, so if we don't have it,
1769 // just fetch it again.
1770 LoggerFinder finder = service;
1771 if (finder == null) {
1772 PrivilegedAction<LoggerFinder> pa =
1773 () -> LoggerFinderLoader.getLoggerFinder();
1774 finder = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa, null,
1775 LOGGERFINDER_PERMISSION);
1776 if (finder instanceof TemporaryLoggerFinder) return finder;
1777 service = finder;
1778 }
1779 return finder;
1780 }
1781
1782 }
1783
1784
1785 /**
1786 * Returns an instance of {@link Logger Logger} for the caller's
1787 * use.
1788 *
1789 * @implSpec
1790 * Instances returned by this method route messages to loggers
1791 * obtained by calling {@link LoggerFinder#getLogger(java.lang.String,
1792 * java.lang.Module) LoggerFinder.getLogger(name, module)}, where
1793 * {@code module} is the caller's module.
1794 * In cases where {@code System.getLogger} is called from a context where
1795 * there is no caller frame on the stack (e.g when called directly
1796 * from a JNI attached thread), {@code IllegalCallerException} is thrown.
1797 * To obtain a logger in such a context, use an auxiliary class that will
1798 * implicitly be identified as the caller, or use the system {@link
1799 * LoggerFinder#getLoggerFinder() LoggerFinder} to obtain a logger instead.
1800 * Note that doing the latter may eagerly initialize the underlying
1801 * logging system.
1802 *
1803 * @apiNote
1804 * This method may defer calling the {@link
1805 * LoggerFinder#getLogger(java.lang.String, java.lang.Module)
1806 * LoggerFinder.getLogger} method to create an actual logger supplied by
1807 * the logging backend, for instance, to allow loggers to be obtained during
1808 * the system initialization time.
1809 *
1810 * @param name the name of the logger.
1811 * @return an instance of {@link Logger} that can be used by the calling
1812 * class.
1813 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}.
1814 * @throws IllegalCallerException if there is no Java caller frame on the
1815 * stack.
1816 *
1817 * @since 9
1818 */
1819 @CallerSensitive
1820 public static Logger getLogger(String name) {
1821 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
1822 final Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
1823 if (caller == null) {
1824 throw new IllegalCallerException("no caller frame");
1825 }
1826 return LazyLoggers.getLogger(name, caller.getModule());
1827 }
1828
1829 /**
1830 * Returns a localizable instance of {@link Logger
1831 * Logger} for the caller's use.
1832 * The returned logger will use the provided resource bundle for message
1833 * localization.
1834 *
1835 * @implSpec
1836 * The returned logger will perform message localization as specified
1837 * by {@link LoggerFinder#getLocalizedLogger(java.lang.String,
1838 * java.util.ResourceBundle, java.lang.Module)
1839 * LoggerFinder.getLocalizedLogger(name, bundle, module)}, where
1840 * {@code module} is the caller's module.
1841 * In cases where {@code System.getLogger} is called from a context where
1842 * there is no caller frame on the stack (e.g when called directly
1843 * from a JNI attached thread), {@code IllegalCallerException} is thrown.
1844 * To obtain a logger in such a context, use an auxiliary class that
1845 * will implicitly be identified as the caller, or use the system {@link
1846 * LoggerFinder#getLoggerFinder() LoggerFinder} to obtain a logger instead.
1847 * Note that doing the latter may eagerly initialize the underlying
1848 * logging system.
1849 *
1850 * @apiNote
1851 * This method is intended to be used after the system is fully initialized.
1852 * This method may trigger the immediate loading and initialization
1853 * of the {@link LoggerFinder} service, which may cause issues if the
1854 * Java Runtime is not ready to initialize the concrete service
1855 * implementation yet.
1856 * System classes which may be loaded early in the boot sequence and
1857 * need to log localized messages should create a logger using
1858 * {@link #getLogger(java.lang.String)} and then use the log methods that
1859 * take a resource bundle as parameter.
1860 *
1861 * @param name the name of the logger.
1862 * @param bundle a resource bundle.
1863 * @return an instance of {@link Logger} which will use the provided
1864 * resource bundle for message localization.
1865 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null} or
1866 * {@code bundle} is {@code null}.
1867 * @throws IllegalCallerException if there is no Java caller frame on the
1868 * stack.
1869 *
1870 * @since 9
1871 */
1872 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1873 @CallerSensitive
1874 public static Logger getLogger(String name, ResourceBundle bundle) {
1875 final ResourceBundle rb = Objects.requireNonNull(bundle);
1876 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
1877 final Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
1878 if (caller == null) {
1879 throw new IllegalCallerException("no caller frame");
1880 }
1881 final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1882 // We don't use LazyLoggers if a resource bundle is specified.
1883 // Bootstrap sensitive classes in the JDK do not use resource bundles
1884 // when logging. This could be revisited later, if it needs to.
1885 if (sm != null) {
1886 final PrivilegedAction<Logger> pa =
1887 () -> LoggerFinder.accessProvider()
1888 .getLocalizedLogger(name, rb, caller.getModule());
1889 return AccessController.doPrivileged(pa, null,
1890 LoggerFinder.LOGGERFINDER_PERMISSION);
1891 }
1892 return LoggerFinder.accessProvider()
1893 .getLocalizedLogger(name, rb, caller.getModule());
1894 }
1895
1896 /**
1897 * Initiates the {@linkplain Runtime##shutdown shutdown sequence} of the Java Virtual Machine.
1898 * Unless the security manager denies exiting, this method initiates the shutdown sequence
1899 * (if it is not already initiated) and then blocks indefinitely. This method neither returns
1900 * nor throws an exception; that is, it does not complete either normally or abruptly.
1901 * <p>
1902 * The argument serves as a status code. By convention, a nonzero status code
1903 * indicates abnormal termination.
1904 * <p>
1905 * The call {@code System.exit(n)} is effectively equivalent to the call:
1906 * {@snippet :
1907 * Runtime.getRuntime().exit(n)
1908 * }
1909 *
1910 * @implNote
1911 * The initiation of the shutdown sequence is logged by {@link Runtime#exit(int)}.
1912 *
1913 * @param status exit status.
1914 * @throws SecurityException
1915 * if a security manager exists and its {@code checkExit} method
1916 * doesn't allow exit with the specified status.
1917 * @see java.lang.Runtime#exit(int)
1918 */
1919 public static void exit(int status) {
1920 Runtime.getRuntime().exit(status);
1921 }
1922
1923 /**
1924 * Runs the garbage collector in the Java Virtual Machine.
1925 * <p>
1926 * Calling the {@code gc} method suggests that the Java Virtual Machine
1927 * expend effort toward recycling unused objects in order to
1928 * make the memory they currently occupy available for reuse
1929 * by the Java Virtual Machine.
1930 * When control returns from the method call, the Java Virtual Machine
1931 * has made a best effort to reclaim space from all unused objects.
1932 * There is no guarantee that this effort will recycle any particular
1933 * number of unused objects, reclaim any particular amount of space, or
1934 * complete at any particular time, if at all, before the method returns or ever.
1935 * There is also no guarantee that this effort will determine
1936 * the change of reachability in any particular number of objects,
1937 * or that any particular number of {@link java.lang.ref.Reference Reference}
1938 * objects will be cleared and enqueued.
1939 *
1940 * <p>
1941 * The call {@code System.gc()} is effectively equivalent to the
1942 * call:
1943 * <blockquote><pre>
1944 * Runtime.getRuntime().gc()
1945 * </pre></blockquote>
1946 *
1947 * @see java.lang.Runtime#gc()
1948 */
1949 public static void gc() {
1950 Runtime.getRuntime().gc();
1951 }
1952
1953 /**
1954 * Runs the finalization methods of any objects pending finalization.
1955 *
1956 * Calling this method suggests that the Java Virtual Machine expend
1957 * effort toward running the {@code finalize} methods of objects
1958 * that have been found to be discarded but whose {@code finalize}
1959 * methods have not yet been run. When control returns from the
1960 * method call, the Java Virtual Machine has made a best effort to
1961 * complete all outstanding finalizations.
1962 * <p>
1963 * The call {@code System.runFinalization()} is effectively
1964 * equivalent to the call:
1965 * <blockquote><pre>
1966 * Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization()
1967 * </pre></blockquote>
1968 *
1969 * @deprecated Finalization has been deprecated for removal. See
1970 * {@link java.lang.Object#finalize} for background information and details
1971 * about migration options.
1972 * <p>
1973 * When running in a JVM in which finalization has been disabled or removed,
1974 * no objects will be pending finalization, so this method does nothing.
1975 *
1976 * @see java.lang.Runtime#runFinalization()
1977 * @jls 12.6 Finalization of Class Instances
1978 */
1979 @Deprecated(since="18", forRemoval=true)
1980 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1981 public static void runFinalization() {
1982 Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization();
1983 }
1984
1985 /**
1986 * Loads the native library specified by the filename argument. The filename
1987 * argument must be an absolute path name.
1988 *
1989 * If the filename argument, when stripped of any platform-specific library
1990 * prefix, path, and file extension, indicates a library whose name is,
1991 * for example, L, and a native library called L is statically linked
1992 * with the VM, then the JNI_OnLoad_L function exported by the library
1993 * is invoked rather than attempting to load a dynamic library.
1994 * A filename matching the argument does not have to exist in the
1995 * file system.
1996 * See the <a href="{@docRoot}/../specs/jni/index.html"> JNI Specification</a>
1997 * for more details.
1998 *
1999 * Otherwise, the filename argument is mapped to a native library image in
2000 * an implementation-dependent manner.
2001 *
2002 * <p>
2003 * The call {@code System.load(name)} is effectively equivalent
2004 * to the call:
2005 * <blockquote><pre>
2006 * Runtime.getRuntime().load(name)
2007 * </pre></blockquote>
2008 *
2009 * @param filename the file to load.
2010 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
2011 * {@code checkLink} method doesn't allow
2012 * loading of the specified dynamic library
2013 * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError if either the filename is not an
2014 * absolute path name, the native library is not statically
2015 * linked with the VM, or the library cannot be mapped to
2016 * a native library image by the host system.
2017 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code filename} is {@code null}
2018 *
2019 * @spec jni/index.html Java Native Interface Specification
2020 * @see java.lang.Runtime#load(java.lang.String)
2021 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
2022 */
2023 @CallerSensitive
2024 public static void load(String filename) {
2025 Runtime.getRuntime().load0(Reflection.getCallerClass(), filename);
2026 }
2027
2028 /**
2029 * Loads the native library specified by the {@code libname}
2030 * argument. The {@code libname} argument must not contain any platform
2031 * specific prefix, file extension or path. If a native library
2032 * called {@code libname} is statically linked with the VM, then the
2033 * JNI_OnLoad_{@code libname} function exported by the library is invoked.
2034 * See the <a href="{@docRoot}/../specs/jni/index.html"> JNI Specification</a>
2035 * for more details.
2036 *
2037 * Otherwise, the libname argument is loaded from a system library
2038 * location and mapped to a native library image in an
2039 * implementation-dependent manner.
2040 * <p>
2041 * The call {@code System.loadLibrary(name)} is effectively
2042 * equivalent to the call
2043 * <blockquote><pre>
2044 * Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary(name)
2045 * </pre></blockquote>
2046 *
2047 * @param libname the name of the library.
2048 * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
2049 * {@code checkLink} method doesn't allow
2050 * loading of the specified dynamic library
2051 * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError if either the libname argument
2052 * contains a file path, the native library is not statically
2053 * linked with the VM, or the library cannot be mapped to a
2054 * native library image by the host system.
2055 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code libname} is {@code null}
2056 *
2057 * @spec jni/index.html Java Native Interface Specification
2058 * @see java.lang.Runtime#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
2059 * @see java.lang.SecurityManager#checkLink(java.lang.String)
2060 */
2061 @CallerSensitive
2062 public static void loadLibrary(String libname) {
2063 Runtime.getRuntime().loadLibrary0(Reflection.getCallerClass(), libname);
2064 }
2065
2066 /**
2067 * Maps a library name into a platform-specific string representing
2068 * a native library.
2069 *
2070 * @param libname the name of the library.
2071 * @return a platform-dependent native library name.
2072 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code libname} is {@code null}
2073 * @see java.lang.System#loadLibrary(java.lang.String)
2074 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#findLibrary(java.lang.String)
2075 * @since 1.2
2076 */
2077 public static native String mapLibraryName(String libname);
2078
2079 /**
2080 * Create PrintStream for stdout/err based on encoding.
2081 */
2082 private static PrintStream newPrintStream(OutputStream out, String enc) {
2083 if (enc != null) {
2084 return new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(out, 128), true,
2085 Charset.forName(enc, UTF_8.INSTANCE));
2086 }
2087 return new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(out, 128), true);
2088 }
2089
2090 /**
2091 * Logs an exception/error at initialization time to stdout or stderr.
2092 *
2093 * @param printToStderr to print to stderr rather than stdout
2094 * @param printStackTrace to print the stack trace
2095 * @param msg the message to print before the exception, can be {@code null}
2096 * @param e the exception or error
2097 */
2098 private static void logInitException(boolean printToStderr,
2099 boolean printStackTrace,
2100 String msg,
2101 Throwable e) {
2102 if (VM.initLevel() < 1) {
2103 throw new InternalError("system classes not initialized");
2104 }
2105 PrintStream log = (printToStderr) ? err : out;
2106 if (msg != null) {
2107 log.println(msg);
2108 }
2109 if (printStackTrace) {
2110 e.printStackTrace(log);
2111 } else {
2112 log.println(e);
2113 for (Throwable suppressed : e.getSuppressed()) {
2114 log.println("Suppressed: " + suppressed);
2115 }
2116 Throwable cause = e.getCause();
2117 if (cause != null) {
2118 log.println("Caused by: " + cause);
2119 }
2120 }
2121 }
2122
2123 /**
2124 * Create the Properties object from a map - masking out system properties
2125 * that are not intended for public access.
2126 */
2127 private static Properties createProperties(Map<String, String> initialProps) {
2128 Properties properties = new Properties(initialProps.size());
2129 for (var entry : initialProps.entrySet()) {
2130 String prop = entry.getKey();
2131 switch (prop) {
2132 // Do not add private system properties to the Properties
2133 case "sun.nio.MaxDirectMemorySize":
2134 case "sun.nio.PageAlignDirectMemory":
2135 // used by java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache
2136 case "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high":
2137 // used by sun.launcher.LauncherHelper
2138 case "sun.java.launcher.diag":
2139 // used by jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders
2140 case "jdk.boot.class.path.append":
2141 break;
2142 default:
2143 properties.put(prop, entry.getValue());
2144 }
2145 }
2146 return properties;
2147 }
2148
2149 /**
2150 * Initialize the system class. Called after thread initialization.
2151 */
2152 private static void initPhase1() {
2153
2154 // register the shared secrets - do this first, since SystemProps.initProperties
2155 // might initialize CharsetDecoders that rely on it
2156 setJavaLangAccess();
2157
2158 // VM might invoke JNU_NewStringPlatform() to set those encoding
2159 // sensitive properties (user.home, user.name, boot.class.path, etc.)
2160 // during "props" initialization.
2161 // The charset is initialized in System.c and does not depend on the Properties.
2162 Map<String, String> tempProps = SystemProps.initProperties();
2163 VersionProps.init(tempProps);
2164
2165 // There are certain system configurations that may be controlled by
2166 // VM options such as the maximum amount of direct memory and
2167 // Integer cache size used to support the object identity semantics
2168 // of autoboxing. Typically, the library will obtain these values
2169 // from the properties set by the VM. If the properties are for
2170 // internal implementation use only, these properties should be
2171 // masked from the system properties.
2172 //
2173 // Save a private copy of the system properties object that
2174 // can only be accessed by the internal implementation.
2175 VM.saveProperties(tempProps);
2176 props = createProperties(tempProps);
2177
2178 // Check if sun.jnu.encoding is supported. If not, replace it with UTF-8.
2179 var jnuEncoding = props.getProperty("sun.jnu.encoding");
2180 if (jnuEncoding == null || !Charset.isSupported(jnuEncoding)) {
2181 notSupportedJnuEncoding = jnuEncoding == null ? "null" : jnuEncoding;
2182 props.setProperty("sun.jnu.encoding", "UTF-8");
2183 }
2184
2185 StaticProperty.javaHome(); // Load StaticProperty to cache the property values
2186
2187 lineSeparator = props.getProperty("line.separator");
2188
2189 FileInputStream fdIn = new FileInputStream(FileDescriptor.in);
2190 FileOutputStream fdOut = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.out);
2191 FileOutputStream fdErr = new FileOutputStream(FileDescriptor.err);
2192 initialIn = new BufferedInputStream(fdIn);
2193 setIn0(initialIn);
2194 // stdout/err.encoding are set when the VM is associated with the terminal,
2195 // thus they are equivalent to Console.charset(), otherwise the encodings
2196 // of those properties default to native.encoding
2197 setOut0(newPrintStream(fdOut, props.getProperty("stdout.encoding")));
2198 setErr0(newPrintStream(fdErr, props.getProperty("stderr.encoding")));
2199
2200 // Setup Java signal handlers for HUP, TERM, and INT (where available).
2201 Terminator.setup();
2202
2203 // Initialize any miscellaneous operating system settings that need to be
2204 // set for the class libraries. Currently this is no-op everywhere except
2205 // for Windows where the process-wide error mode is set before the java.io
2206 // classes are used.
2207 VM.initializeOSEnvironment();
2208
2209 // start Finalizer and Reference Handler threads
2210 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangRefAccess().startThreads();
2211
2212 // system properties, java.lang and other core classes are now initialized
2213 VM.initLevel(1);
2214 }
2215
2216 // @see #initPhase2()
2217 static ModuleLayer bootLayer;
2218
2219 /*
2220 * Invoked by VM. Phase 2 module system initialization.
2221 * Only classes in java.base can be loaded in this phase.
2222 *
2223 * @param printToStderr print exceptions to stderr rather than stdout
2224 * @param printStackTrace print stack trace when exception occurs
2225 *
2226 * @return JNI_OK for success, JNI_ERR for failure
2227 */
2228 private static int initPhase2(boolean printToStderr, boolean printStackTrace) {
2229
2230 try {
2231 bootLayer = ModuleBootstrap.boot();
2232 } catch (Exception | Error e) {
2233 logInitException(printToStderr, printStackTrace,
2234 "Error occurred during initialization of boot layer", e);
2235 return -1; // JNI_ERR
2236 }
2237
2238 // module system initialized
2239 VM.initLevel(2);
2240
2241 return 0; // JNI_OK
2242 }
2243
2244 /*
2245 * Invoked by VM. Phase 3 is the final system initialization:
2246 * 1. eagerly initialize bootstrap method factories that might interact
2247 * negatively with custom security managers and custom class loaders
2248 * 2. set security manager
2249 * 3. set system class loader
2250 * 4. set TCCL
2251 *
2252 * This method must be called after the module system initialization.
2253 * The security manager and system class loader may be a custom class from
2254 * the application classpath or modulepath.
2255 */
2256 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2257 private static void initPhase3() {
2258
2259 // Initialize the StringConcatFactory eagerly to avoid potential
2260 // bootstrap circularity issues that could be caused by a custom
2261 // SecurityManager
2262 Unsafe.getUnsafe().ensureClassInitialized(StringConcatFactory.class);
2263
2264 // Emit a warning if java.io.tmpdir is set via the command line
2265 // to a directory that doesn't exist
2266 if (SystemProps.isBadIoTmpdir()) {
2267 System.err.println("WARNING: java.io.tmpdir directory does not exist");
2268 }
2269
2270 String smProp = System.getProperty("java.security.manager");
2271 boolean needWarning = false;
2272 if (smProp != null) {
2273 switch (smProp) {
2274 case "disallow":
2275 allowSecurityManager = NEVER;
2276 break;
2277 case "allow":
2278 allowSecurityManager = MAYBE;
2279 break;
2280 case "":
2281 case "default":
2282 implSetSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());
2283 allowSecurityManager = MAYBE;
2284 needWarning = true;
2285 break;
2286 default:
2287 try {
2288 ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getBuiltinAppClassLoader();
2289 Class<?> c = Class.forName(smProp, false, cl);
2290 Constructor<?> ctor = c.getConstructor();
2291 // Must be a public subclass of SecurityManager with
2292 // a public no-arg constructor
2293 if (!SecurityManager.class.isAssignableFrom(c) ||
2294 !Modifier.isPublic(c.getModifiers()) ||
2295 !Modifier.isPublic(ctor.getModifiers())) {
2296 throw new Error("Could not create SecurityManager: "
2297 + ctor.toString());
2298 }
2299 // custom security manager may be in non-exported package
2300 ctor.setAccessible(true);
2301 SecurityManager sm = (SecurityManager) ctor.newInstance();
2302 implSetSecurityManager(sm);
2303 needWarning = true;
2304 } catch (Exception e) {
2305 throw new InternalError("Could not create SecurityManager", e);
2306 }
2307 allowSecurityManager = MAYBE;
2308 }
2309 } else {
2310 allowSecurityManager = NEVER;
2311 }
2312
2313 if (needWarning) {
2314 System.err.println("""
2315 WARNING: A command line option has enabled the Security Manager
2316 WARNING: The Security Manager is deprecated and will be removed in a future release""");
2317 }
2318
2319 // Emit a warning if `sun.jnu.encoding` is not supported.
2320 if (notSupportedJnuEncoding != null) {
2321 System.err.println(
2322 "WARNING: The encoding of the underlying platform's" +
2323 " file system is not supported: " +
2324 notSupportedJnuEncoding);
2325 }
2326
2327 initialErrStream = System.err;
2328
2329 // initializing the system class loader
2330 VM.initLevel(3);
2331
2332 // system class loader initialized
2333 ClassLoader scl = ClassLoader.initSystemClassLoader();
2334
2335 // set TCCL
2336 Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(scl);
2337
2338 // system is fully initialized
2339 VM.initLevel(4);
2340 }
2341
2342 private static void setJavaLangAccess() {
2343 // Allow privileged classes outside of java.lang
2344 SharedSecrets.setJavaLangAccess(new JavaLangAccess() {
2345 public List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(Class<?> klass, String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2346 return klass.getDeclaredPublicMethods(name, parameterTypes);
2347 }
2348 public jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool getConstantPool(Class<?> klass) {
2349 return klass.getConstantPool();
2350 }
2351 public boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> klass, AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
2352 return klass.casAnnotationType(oldType, newType);
2353 }
2354 public AnnotationType getAnnotationType(Class<?> klass) {
2355 return klass.getAnnotationType();
2356 }
2357 public Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap(Class<?> klass) {
2358 return klass.getDeclaredAnnotationMap();
2359 }
2360 public byte[] getRawClassAnnotations(Class<?> klass) {
2361 return klass.getRawAnnotations();
2362 }
2363 public byte[] getRawClassTypeAnnotations(Class<?> klass) {
2364 return klass.getRawTypeAnnotations();
2365 }
2366 public byte[] getRawExecutableTypeAnnotations(Executable executable) {
2367 return Class.getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(executable);
2368 }
2369 public <E extends Enum<E>>
2370 E[] getEnumConstantsShared(Class<E> klass) {
2371 return klass.getEnumConstantsShared();
2372 }
2373 public void blockedOn(Interruptible b) {
2374 Thread.blockedOn(b);
2375 }
2376 public void registerShutdownHook(int slot, boolean registerShutdownInProgress, Runnable hook) {
2377 Shutdown.add(slot, registerShutdownInProgress, hook);
2378 }
2379 public Thread newThreadWithAcc(Runnable target, @SuppressWarnings("removal") AccessControlContext acc) {
2380 return new Thread(target, acc);
2381 }
2382 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2383 public void invokeFinalize(Object o) throws Throwable {
2384 o.finalize();
2385 }
2386 public ConcurrentHashMap<?, ?> createOrGetClassLoaderValueMap(ClassLoader cl) {
2387 return cl.createOrGetClassLoaderValueMap();
2388 }
2389 public Class<?> defineClass(ClassLoader loader, String name, byte[] b, ProtectionDomain pd, String source) {
2390 return ClassLoader.defineClass1(loader, name, b, 0, b.length, pd, source);
2391 }
2392 public Class<?> defineClass(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> lookup, String name, byte[] b, ProtectionDomain pd,
2393 boolean initialize, int flags, Object classData) {
2394 return ClassLoader.defineClass0(loader, lookup, name, b, 0, b.length, pd, initialize, flags, classData);
2395 }
2396 public Class<?> findBootstrapClassOrNull(String name) {
2397 return ClassLoader.findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
2398 }
2399 public Package definePackage(ClassLoader cl, String name, Module module) {
2400 return cl.definePackage(name, module);
2401 }
2402 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2403 public void addNonExportedPackages(ModuleLayer layer) {
2404 SecurityManager.addNonExportedPackages(layer);
2405 }
2406 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2407 public void invalidatePackageAccessCache() {
2408 SecurityManager.invalidatePackageAccessCache();
2409 }
2410 public Module defineModule(ClassLoader loader,
2411 ModuleDescriptor descriptor,
2412 URI uri) {
2413 return new Module(null, loader, descriptor, uri);
2414 }
2415 public Module defineUnnamedModule(ClassLoader loader) {
2416 return new Module(loader);
2417 }
2418 public void addReads(Module m1, Module m2) {
2419 m1.implAddReads(m2);
2420 }
2421 public void addReadsAllUnnamed(Module m) {
2422 m.implAddReadsAllUnnamed();
2423 }
2424 public void addExports(Module m, String pn) {
2425 m.implAddExports(pn);
2426 }
2427 public void addExports(Module m, String pn, Module other) {
2428 m.implAddExports(pn, other);
2429 }
2430 public void addExportsToAllUnnamed(Module m, String pn) {
2431 m.implAddExportsToAllUnnamed(pn);
2432 }
2433 public void addOpens(Module m, String pn, Module other) {
2434 m.implAddOpens(pn, other);
2435 }
2436 public void addOpensToAllUnnamed(Module m, String pn) {
2437 m.implAddOpensToAllUnnamed(pn);
2438 }
2439 public void addOpensToAllUnnamed(Module m, Set<String> concealedPackages, Set<String> exportedPackages) {
2440 m.implAddOpensToAllUnnamed(concealedPackages, exportedPackages);
2441 }
2442 public void addUses(Module m, Class<?> service) {
2443 m.implAddUses(service);
2444 }
2445 public boolean isReflectivelyExported(Module m, String pn, Module other) {
2446 return m.isReflectivelyExported(pn, other);
2447 }
2448 public boolean isReflectivelyOpened(Module m, String pn, Module other) {
2449 return m.isReflectivelyOpened(pn, other);
2450 }
2451 public Module addEnableNativeAccess(Module m) {
2452 return m.implAddEnableNativeAccess();
2453 }
2454 public void addEnableNativeAccessToAllUnnamed() {
2455 Module.implAddEnableNativeAccessToAllUnnamed();
2456 }
2457 public void ensureNativeAccess(Module m, Class<?> owner, String methodName) {
2458 m.ensureNativeAccess(owner, methodName);
2459 }
2460 public ServicesCatalog getServicesCatalog(ModuleLayer layer) {
2461 return layer.getServicesCatalog();
2462 }
2463 public void bindToLoader(ModuleLayer layer, ClassLoader loader) {
2464 layer.bindToLoader(loader);
2465 }
2466 public Stream<ModuleLayer> layers(ModuleLayer layer) {
2467 return layer.layers();
2468 }
2469 public Stream<ModuleLayer> layers(ClassLoader loader) {
2470 return ModuleLayer.layers(loader);
2471 }
2472
2473 public int countPositives(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
2474 return StringCoding.countPositives(bytes, offset, length);
2475 }
2476 public String newStringNoRepl(byte[] bytes, Charset cs) throws CharacterCodingException {
2477 return String.newStringNoRepl(bytes, cs);
2478 }
2479 public char getUTF16Char(byte[] bytes, int index) {
2480 return StringUTF16.getChar(bytes, index);
2481 }
2482 public byte[] getBytesNoRepl(String s, Charset cs) throws CharacterCodingException {
2483 return String.getBytesNoRepl(s, cs);
2484 }
2485
2486 public String newStringUTF8NoRepl(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) {
2487 return String.newStringUTF8NoRepl(bytes, off, len, true);
2488 }
2489
2490 public byte[] getBytesUTF8NoRepl(String s) {
2491 return String.getBytesUTF8NoRepl(s);
2492 }
2493
2494 public void inflateBytesToChars(byte[] src, int srcOff, char[] dst, int dstOff, int len) {
2495 StringLatin1.inflate(src, srcOff, dst, dstOff, len);
2496 }
2497
2498 public int decodeASCII(byte[] src, int srcOff, char[] dst, int dstOff, int len) {
2499 return String.decodeASCII(src, srcOff, dst, dstOff, len);
2500 }
2501
2502 public int encodeASCII(char[] src, int srcOff, byte[] dst, int dstOff, int len) {
2503 return StringCoding.implEncodeAsciiArray(src, srcOff, dst, dstOff, len);
2504 }
2505
2506 public InputStream initialSystemIn() {
2507 return initialIn;
2508 }
2509
2510 public void setCause(Throwable t, Throwable cause) {
2511 t.setCause(cause);
2512 }
2513
2514 public ProtectionDomain protectionDomain(Class<?> c) {
2515 return c.protectionDomain();
2516 }
2517
2518 public MethodHandle stringConcatHelper(String name, MethodType methodType) {
2519 return StringConcatHelper.lookupStatic(name, methodType);
2520 }
2521
2522 public long stringConcatInitialCoder() {
2523 return StringConcatHelper.initialCoder();
2524 }
2525
2526 public long stringConcatMix(long lengthCoder, String constant) {
2527 return StringConcatHelper.mix(lengthCoder, constant);
2528 }
2529
2530 @PreviewFeature(feature=PreviewFeature.Feature.STRING_TEMPLATES)
2531 public long stringConcatCoder(char value) {
2532 return StringConcatHelper.coder(value);
2533 }
2534
2535 @PreviewFeature(feature=PreviewFeature.Feature.STRING_TEMPLATES)
2536 public long stringBuilderConcatMix(long lengthCoder,
2537 StringBuilder sb) {
2538 return sb.mix(lengthCoder);
2539 }
2540
2541 @PreviewFeature(feature=PreviewFeature.Feature.STRING_TEMPLATES)
2542 public long stringBuilderConcatPrepend(long lengthCoder, byte[] buf,
2543 StringBuilder sb) {
2544 return sb.prepend(lengthCoder, buf);
2545 }
2546
2547 public String join(String prefix, String suffix, String delimiter, String[] elements, int size) {
2548 return String.join(prefix, suffix, delimiter, elements, size);
2549 }
2550
2551 public Object classData(Class<?> c) {
2552 return c.getClassData();
2553 }
2554
2555 @Override
2556 public long findNative(ClassLoader loader, String entry) {
2557 return ClassLoader.findNative(loader, entry);
2558 }
2559
2560 @Override
2561 public void exit(int statusCode) {
2562 Shutdown.exit(statusCode);
2563 }
2564
2565 public Thread[] getAllThreads() {
2566 return Thread.getAllThreads();
2567 }
2568
2569 public ThreadContainer threadContainer(Thread thread) {
2570 return thread.threadContainer();
2571 }
2572
2573 public void start(Thread thread, ThreadContainer container) {
2574 thread.start(container);
2575 }
2576
2577 public StackableScope headStackableScope(Thread thread) {
2578 return thread.headStackableScopes();
2579 }
2580
2581 public void setHeadStackableScope(StackableScope scope) {
2582 Thread.setHeadStackableScope(scope);
2583 }
2584
2585 public Thread currentCarrierThread() {
2586 return Thread.currentCarrierThread();
2587 }
2588
2589 public <V> V executeOnCarrierThread(Callable<V> task) throws Exception {
2590 if (Thread.currentThread() instanceof VirtualThread vthread) {
2591 return vthread.executeOnCarrierThread(task);
2592 } else {
2593 return task.call();
2594 }
2595 }
2596
2597 public <T> T getCarrierThreadLocal(CarrierThreadLocal<T> local) {
2598 return ((ThreadLocal<T>)local).getCarrierThreadLocal();
2599 }
2600
2601 public <T> void setCarrierThreadLocal(CarrierThreadLocal<T> local, T value) {
2602 ((ThreadLocal<T>)local).setCarrierThreadLocal(value);
2603 }
2604
2605 public void removeCarrierThreadLocal(CarrierThreadLocal<?> local) {
2606 ((ThreadLocal<?>)local).removeCarrierThreadLocal();
2607 }
2608
2609 public boolean isCarrierThreadLocalPresent(CarrierThreadLocal<?> local) {
2610 return ((ThreadLocal<?>)local).isCarrierThreadLocalPresent();
2611 }
2612
2613 public Object[] scopedValueCache() {
2614 return Thread.scopedValueCache();
2615 }
2616
2617 public void setScopedValueCache(Object[] cache) {
2618 Thread.setScopedValueCache(cache);
2619 }
2620
2621 public Object scopedValueBindings() {
2622 return Thread.scopedValueBindings();
2623 }
2624
2625 public Continuation getContinuation(Thread thread) {
2626 return thread.getContinuation();
2627 }
2628
2629 public void setContinuation(Thread thread, Continuation continuation) {
2630 thread.setContinuation(continuation);
2631 }
2632
2633 public ContinuationScope virtualThreadContinuationScope() {
2634 return VirtualThread.continuationScope();
2635 }
2636
2637 public void parkVirtualThread() {
2638 Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
2639 if (thread instanceof BaseVirtualThread vthread) {
2640 vthread.park();
2641 } else {
2642 throw new WrongThreadException();
2643 }
2644 }
2645
2646 public void parkVirtualThread(long nanos) {
2647 Thread thread = Thread.currentThread();
2648 if (thread instanceof BaseVirtualThread vthread) {
2649 vthread.parkNanos(nanos);
2650 } else {
2651 throw new WrongThreadException();
2652 }
2653 }
2654
2655 public void unparkVirtualThread(Thread thread) {
2656 if (thread instanceof BaseVirtualThread vthread) {
2657 vthread.unpark();
2658 } else {
2659 throw new WrongThreadException();
2660 }
2661 }
2662
2663 public StackWalker newStackWalkerInstance(Set<StackWalker.Option> options,
2664 ContinuationScope contScope,
2665 Continuation continuation) {
2666 return StackWalker.newInstance(options, null, contScope, continuation);
2667 }
2668
2669 public String getLoaderNameID(ClassLoader loader) {
2670 return loader.nameAndId();
2671 }
2672 });
2673 }
2674 }