1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2024, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   5  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   6  *
   7  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   8  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  *
  25  */
  26 
  27 
  28 #include "gc/shared/barrierSetNMethod.hpp"
  29 #include "gc/shared/collectorCounters.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/continuationGCSupport.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBreakpoint.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahClosures.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentGC.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGeneration.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahLock.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMark.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahReferenceProcessor.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahStackWatermark.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkGroup.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  52 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  53 #include "prims/jvmtiTagMap.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
  55 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  56 
  57 // Breakpoint support
  58 class ShenandoahBreakpointGCScope : public StackObj {
  59 private:
  60   const GCCause::Cause _cause;
  61 public:
  62   ShenandoahBreakpointGCScope(GCCause::Cause cause) : _cause(cause) {
  63     if (cause == GCCause::_wb_breakpoint) {
  64       ShenandoahBreakpoint::start_gc();
  65       ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_before_gc();
  66     }
  67   }
  68 
  69   ~ShenandoahBreakpointGCScope() {
  70     if (_cause == GCCause::_wb_breakpoint) {
  71       ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_after_gc();
  72     }
  73   }
  74 };
  75 
  76 class ShenandoahBreakpointMarkScope : public StackObj {
  77 private:
  78   const GCCause::Cause _cause;
  79 public:
  80   ShenandoahBreakpointMarkScope(GCCause::Cause cause) : _cause(cause) {
  81     if (_cause == GCCause::_wb_breakpoint) {
  82       ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_after_marking_started();
  83     }
  84   }
  85 
  86   ~ShenandoahBreakpointMarkScope() {
  87     if (_cause == GCCause::_wb_breakpoint) {
  88       ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_before_marking_completed();
  89     }
  90   }
  91 };
  92 
  93 ShenandoahConcurrentGC::ShenandoahConcurrentGC(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool do_old_gc_bootstrap) :
  94   ShenandoahGC(generation),
  95   _mark(generation),
  96   _degen_point(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_unset),
  97   _abbreviated(false),
  98   _do_old_gc_bootstrap(do_old_gc_bootstrap) {
  99 }
 100 
 101 ShenandoahGC::ShenandoahDegenPoint ShenandoahConcurrentGC::degen_point() const {
 102   return _degen_point;
 103 }
 104 
 105 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_concurrent_update_refs_prepare(ShenandoahHeap* const heap) {
 106   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 107   const char* msg = conc_init_update_refs_event_message();
 108   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_refs_prepare);
 109   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 110 
 111   // Evacuation is complete, retire gc labs and change gc state
 112   heap->concurrent_prepare_for_update_refs();
 113 }
 114 
 115 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_update_card_table() {
 116   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 117   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 118 
 119   static const char* msg = "Concurrent update cards";
 120   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_card_table);
 121   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 122 
 123   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 124                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_evac(),
 125                               "concurrent update cards");
 126 
 127   // Heap needs to be parsable here.
 128   // Also, parallel heap region iterate must have a phase set.
 129   assert(ShenandoahTimingsTracker::is_current_phase_valid(), "Current phase must be set");
 130   ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->old_generation()->update_card_table();
 131 }
 132 
 133 bool ShenandoahConcurrentGC::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
 134   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 135   _generation->ref_processor()->set_soft_reference_policy(
 136       GCCause::should_clear_all_soft_refs(cause));
 137 
 138   ShenandoahBreakpointGCScope breakpoint_gc_scope(cause);
 139 
 140   // Reset for upcoming marking
 141   entry_reset();
 142 
 143   // Start initial mark under STW
 144   vmop_entry_init_mark();
 145 
 146   {
 147     ShenandoahBreakpointMarkScope breakpoint_mark_scope(cause);
 148 
 149     // Reset task queue stats here, rather than in mark_concurrent_roots,
 150     // because remembered set scan will `push` oops into the queues and
 151     // resetting after this happens will lose those counts.
 152     TASKQUEUE_STATS_ONLY(_mark.task_queues()->reset_taskqueue_stats());
 153 
 154     // Concurrent remembered set scanning
 155     entry_scan_remembered_set();
 156 
 157     // Concurrent mark roots
 158     entry_mark_roots();
 159     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_roots)) {
 160       return false;
 161     }
 162 
 163     // Continue concurrent mark
 164     entry_mark();
 165     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_mark)) {
 166       return false;
 167     }
 168   }
 169 
 170   // Complete marking under STW, and start evacuation
 171   vmop_entry_final_mark();
 172 
 173   // If the GC was cancelled before final mark, nothing happens on the safepoint. We are still
 174   // in the marking phase and must resume the degenerated cycle from there. If the GC was cancelled
 175   // after final mark, then we've entered the evacuation phase and must resume the degenerated cycle
 176   // from that phase.
 177   if (_generation->is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
 178     bool cancelled = check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_mark);
 179     assert(cancelled, "GC must have been cancelled between concurrent and final mark");
 180     return false;
 181   }
 182 
 183   assert(heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(), "Must be doing weak roots now");
 184 
 185   // Concurrent stack processing
 186   if (heap->is_evacuation_in_progress()) {
 187     entry_thread_roots();
 188   }
 189 
 190   // Process weak roots that might still point to regions that would be broken by cleanup.
 191   // We cannot recycle regions because weak roots need to know what is marked in trashed regions.
 192   entry_weak_refs();
 193   entry_weak_roots();
 194 
 195   // Perform concurrent class unloading before any regions get recycled. Class unloading may
 196   // need to inspect unmarked objects in trashed regions.
 197   if (heap->unload_classes()) {
 198     entry_class_unloading();
 199   }
 200 
 201   // Final mark might have reclaimed some immediate garbage, kick cleanup to reclaim
 202   // the space. This would be the last action if there is nothing to evacuate.  Note that
 203   // we will not age young-gen objects in the case that we skip evacuation.
 204   entry_cleanup_early();
 205 
 206   heap->free_set()->log_status_under_lock();
 207 
 208   // Processing strong roots
 209   // This may be skipped if there is nothing to update/evacuate.
 210   // If so, strong_root_in_progress would be unset.
 211   if (heap->is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress()) {
 212     entry_strong_roots();
 213   }
 214 
 215   // Continue the cycle with evacuation and optional update-refs.
 216   // This may be skipped if there is nothing to evacuate.
 217   // If so, evac_in_progress would be unset by collection set preparation code.
 218   if (heap->is_evacuation_in_progress()) {
 219     // Concurrently evacuate
 220     entry_evacuate();
 221     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_evac)) {
 222       return false;
 223     }
 224 
 225     // Perform update-refs phase.
 226     entry_concurrent_update_refs_prepare(heap);
 227 
 228     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
 229       entry_update_card_table();
 230     }
 231 
 232     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 233       vmop_entry_init_update_refs();
 234     }
 235 
 236     entry_update_refs();
 237     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_update_refs)) {
 238       return false;
 239     }
 240 
 241     // Concurrent update thread roots
 242     entry_update_thread_roots();
 243     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_update_refs)) {
 244       return false;
 245     }
 246 
 247     vmop_entry_final_update_refs();
 248 
 249     // Update references freed up collection set, kick the cleanup to reclaim the space.
 250     entry_cleanup_complete();
 251   } else {
 252     _abbreviated = true;
 253 
 254     if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
 255       if (!complete_abbreviated_cycle()) {
 256         assert(_degen_point != _degenerated_unset, "Need to know where to start degenerated cycle");
 257         return false;
 258       }
 259     }
 260 
 261     // In normal cycle, final-update-refs would verify at the end of the cycle.
 262     // In abbreviated cycle, we need to verify separately.
 263     // This is now also puts the barriers down at the end of the cycle. TODO: Refine.
 264     vmop_entry_final_roots();
 265   }
 266 
 267   // We defer generation resizing actions until after cset regions have been recycled.  We do this even following an
 268   // abbreviated cycle.
 269   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
 270     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->complete_concurrent_cycle();
 271   }
 272 
 273   // Instead of always resetting immediately before the start of a new GC, we can often reset at the end of the
 274   // previous GC. This allows us to start the next GC cycle more quickly after a trigger condition is detected,
 275   // reducing the likelihood that GC will degenerate.
 276   entry_reset_after_collect();
 277 
 278   return true;
 279 }
 280 
 281 bool ShenandoahConcurrentGC::complete_abbreviated_cycle() {
 282   shenandoah_assert_generational();
 283 
 284   ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* const heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
 285 
 286   // We chose not to evacuate because we found sufficient immediate garbage.
 287   // However, there may still be regions to promote in place, so do that now.
 288   if (heap->old_generation()->has_in_place_promotions()) {
 289     entry_promote_in_place();
 290 
 291     // If the promote-in-place operation was cancelled, we can have the degenerated
 292     // cycle complete the operation. It will see that no evacuations are in progress,
 293     // and that there are regions wanting promotion. The risk with not handling the
 294     // cancellation would be failing to restore top for these regions and leaving
 295     // them unable to serve allocations for the old generation.This will leave the weak
 296     // roots flag set (the degenerated cycle will unset it).
 297     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_evac)) {
 298       return false;
 299     }
 300   }
 301 
 302   // At this point, the cycle is effectively complete. If the cycle has been cancelled here,
 303   // the control thread will detect it on its next iteration and run a degenerated young cycle.
 304   if (!_generation->is_old()) {
 305     heap->update_region_ages(_generation->complete_marking_context());
 306   }
 307 
 308   return true;
 309 }
 310 
 311 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::vmop_entry_init_mark() {
 312   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 313   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->stw_collection_counters());
 314   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_mark_gross);
 315 
 316   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 317   VM_ShenandoahInitMark op(this);
 318   VMThread::execute(&op); // jump to entry_init_mark() under safepoint
 319 }
 320 
 321 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::vmop_entry_final_mark() {
 322   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 323   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->stw_collection_counters());
 324   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_mark_gross);
 325 
 326   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 327   VM_ShenandoahFinalMarkStartEvac op(this);
 328   VMThread::execute(&op); // jump to entry_final_mark under safepoint
 329 }
 330 
 331 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::vmop_entry_init_update_refs() {
 332   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 333   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->stw_collection_counters());
 334   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_refs_gross);
 335 
 336   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 337   VM_ShenandoahInitUpdateRefs op(this);
 338   VMThread::execute(&op);
 339 }
 340 
 341 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::vmop_entry_final_update_refs() {
 342   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 343   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->stw_collection_counters());
 344   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_gross);
 345 
 346   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 347   VM_ShenandoahFinalUpdateRefs op(this);
 348   VMThread::execute(&op);
 349 }
 350 
 351 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::vmop_entry_final_roots() {
 352   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 353   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->stw_collection_counters());
 354   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_roots_gross);
 355 
 356   // This phase does not use workers, no need for setup
 357   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 358   VM_ShenandoahFinalRoots op(this);
 359   VMThread::execute(&op);
 360 }
 361 
 362 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_init_mark() {
 363   const char* msg = init_mark_event_message();
 364   ShenandoahPausePhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_mark);
 365   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 366 
 367   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
 368                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_init_marking(),
 369                               "init marking");
 370 
 371   op_init_mark();
 372 }
 373 
 374 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_final_mark() {
 375   const char* msg = final_mark_event_message();
 376   ShenandoahPausePhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_mark);
 377   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 378 
 379   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
 380                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_final_marking(),
 381                               "final marking");
 382 
 383   op_final_mark();
 384 }
 385 
 386 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_init_update_refs() {
 387   static const char* msg = "Pause Init Update Refs";
 388   ShenandoahPausePhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_refs);
 389   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 390 
 391   // No workers used in this phase, no setup required
 392   op_init_update_refs();
 393 }
 394 
 395 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_final_update_refs() {
 396   static const char* msg = "Pause Final Update Refs";
 397   ShenandoahPausePhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs);
 398   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 399 
 400   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
 401                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_final_update_ref(),
 402                               "final reference update");
 403 
 404   op_final_update_refs();
 405 }
 406 
 407 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_reset() {
 408   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 409   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 410 
 411   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 412   {
 413     const char* msg = conc_reset_event_message();
 414     ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_reset);
 415     EventMark em("%s", msg);
 416 
 417     ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 418                                 ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_reset(),
 419                                 msg);
 420     op_reset();
 421   }
 422 }
 423 
 424 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_scan_remembered_set() {
 425   if (_generation->is_young()) {
 426     ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 427     TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 428     const char* msg = "Concurrent remembered set scanning";
 429     ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_scan_rset);
 430     EventMark em("%s", msg);
 431 
 432     ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 433                                 ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_rs_scanning(),
 434                                 msg);
 435 
 436     heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 437     _generation->scan_remembered_set(true /* is_concurrent */);
 438   }
 439 }
 440 
 441 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_mark_roots() {
 442   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 443   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 444   const char* msg = "Concurrent marking roots";
 445   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_mark_roots);
 446   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 447 
 448   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 449                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_marking(),
 450                               "concurrent marking roots");
 451 
 452   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 453   op_mark_roots();
 454 }
 455 
 456 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_mark() {
 457   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 458   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 459   const char* msg = conc_mark_event_message();
 460   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_mark);
 461   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 462 
 463   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 464                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_marking(),
 465                               "concurrent marking");
 466 
 467   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 468   op_mark();
 469 }
 470 
 471 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_thread_roots() {
 472   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 473   static const char* msg = "Concurrent thread roots";
 474   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_thread_roots);
 475   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 476 
 477   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 478                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_root_processing(),
 479                               msg);
 480 
 481   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 482   op_thread_roots();
 483 }
 484 
 485 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_weak_refs() {
 486   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 487   const char* msg = conc_weak_refs_event_message();
 488   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs);
 489   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 490 
 491   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 492                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_refs_processing(),
 493                               "concurrent weak references");
 494 
 495   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 496   op_weak_refs();
 497 }
 498 
 499 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_weak_roots() {
 500   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 501   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 502   const char* msg = conc_weak_roots_event_message();
 503   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_roots);
 504   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 505 
 506   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 507                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_root_processing(),
 508                               "concurrent weak root");
 509 
 510   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 511   op_weak_roots();
 512 }
 513 
 514 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_class_unloading() {
 515   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 516   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 517   static const char* msg = "Concurrent class unloading";
 518   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_class_unload);
 519   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 520 
 521   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 522                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_root_processing(),
 523                               "concurrent class unloading");
 524 
 525   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 526   op_class_unloading();
 527 }
 528 
 529 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_strong_roots() {
 530   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 531   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 532   static const char* msg = "Concurrent strong roots";
 533   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_strong_roots);
 534   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 535 
 536   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_strong_roots);
 537 
 538   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 539                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_root_processing(),
 540                               "concurrent strong root");
 541 
 542   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 543   op_strong_roots();
 544 }
 545 
 546 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_cleanup_early() {
 547   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 548   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 549   const char* msg = conc_cleanup_event_message();
 550   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_cleanup_early, true /* log_heap_usage */);
 551   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 552 
 553   // This phase does not use workers, no need for setup
 554   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 555   op_cleanup_early();
 556   if (!heap->is_evacuation_in_progress()) {
 557     // This is an abbreviated cycle.  Rebuild the freeset in order to establish reserves for the next GC cycle.  Doing
 558     // the rebuild ASAP also expedites availability of immediate trash, reducing the likelihood that we will degenerate
 559     // during promote-in-place processing.
 560     heap->rebuild_free_set(true /*concurrent*/);
 561   }
 562 }
 563 
 564 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_evacuate() {
 565   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 566   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 567 
 568   static const char* msg = "Concurrent evacuation";
 569   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_evac);
 570   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 571 
 572   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 573                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_evac(),
 574                               "concurrent evacuation");
 575 
 576   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 577   op_evacuate();
 578 }
 579 
 580 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_promote_in_place() const {
 581   shenandoah_assert_generational();
 582 
 583   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::promote_in_place);
 584   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::promote_in_place);
 585   EventMark em("%s", "Promote in place");
 586 
 587   ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->promote_regions_in_place(_generation, true);
 588 }
 589 
 590 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_update_thread_roots() {
 591   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 592   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 593 
 594   static const char* msg = "Concurrent update thread roots";
 595   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_thread_roots);
 596   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 597 
 598   // No workers used in this phase, no setup required
 599   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 600   op_update_thread_roots();
 601 }
 602 
 603 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_update_refs() {
 604   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 605   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 606   static const char* msg = "Concurrent update references";
 607   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_refs);
 608   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 609 
 610   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 611                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_update_ref(),
 612                               "concurrent reference update");
 613 
 614   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 615   op_update_refs();
 616 }
 617 
 618 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_cleanup_complete() {
 619   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 620   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 621   const char* msg = conc_cleanup_event_message();
 622   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_cleanup_complete, true /* log_heap_usage */);
 623   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 624 
 625   // This phase does not use workers, no need for setup
 626   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
 627   op_cleanup_complete();
 628 }
 629 
 630 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_reset_after_collect() {
 631   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 632   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
 633   const char* msg = conc_reset_after_collect_event_message();
 634   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_reset_after_collect);
 635   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 636 
 637   op_reset_after_collect();
 638 }
 639 
 640 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_reset() {
 641   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 642 
 643   // If it is old GC bootstrap cycle, always clear bitmap for global gen
 644   // to ensure bitmap for old gen is clear for old GC cycle after this.
 645   if (_do_old_gc_bootstrap) {
 646     assert(!heap->is_prepare_for_old_mark_in_progress(), "Cannot reset old without making it parsable");
 647     heap->global_generation()->prepare_gc();
 648   } else {
 649     _generation->prepare_gc();
 650   }
 651 
 652   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
 653     heap->old_generation()->card_scan()->mark_read_table_as_clean();
 654   }
 655 }
 656 
 657 class ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure : public ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure {
 658 private:
 659   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _ctx;
 660 public:
 661   ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure() : _ctx(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->marking_context()) {}
 662 
 663   void heap_region_do(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
 664     assert(!r->has_live(), "Region %zu should have no live data", r->index());
 665     if (r->is_active()) {
 666       // Check if region needs updating its TAMS. We have updated it already during concurrent
 667       // reset, so it is very likely we don't need to do another write here.  Since most regions
 668       // are not "active", this path is relatively rare.
 669       if (_ctx->top_at_mark_start(r) != r->top()) {
 670         _ctx->capture_top_at_mark_start(r);
 671       }
 672     } else {
 673       assert(_ctx->top_at_mark_start(r) == r->top(),
 674              "Region %zu should already have correct TAMS", r->index());
 675     }
 676   }
 677 
 678   bool is_thread_safe() { return true; }
 679 };
 680 
 681 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::start_mark() {
 682   _mark.start_mark();
 683 }
 684 
 685 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_init_mark() {
 686   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 687   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Should be at safepoint");
 688   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "can only do this in VMThread");
 689 
 690   assert(_generation->is_bitmap_clear(), "need clear marking bitmap");
 691   assert(!_generation->is_mark_complete(), "should not be complete");
 692   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "No forwarded objects on this path");
 693 
 694   // First pause in cycle, check that barriers were not left enabled.
 695   ShenandoahCodeRoots::check_barriers();
 696 
 697   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
 698     if (_generation->is_global()) {
 699       heap->old_generation()->cancel_gc();
 700     }
 701 
 702     {
 703       // After we swap card table below, the write-table is all clean, and the read table holds
 704       // cards dirty prior to the start of GC. Young and bootstrap collection will update
 705       // the write card table as a side effect of remembered set scanning. Global collection will
 706       // update the card table as a side effect of global marking of old objects.
 707       ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_swap_rset);
 708       _generation->swap_card_tables();
 709     }
 710   }
 711 
 712   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 713     ShenandoahTimingsTracker v(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_mark_verify);
 714     heap->verifier()->verify_before_concmark(_generation);
 715   }
 716 
 717   if (VerifyBeforeGC) {
 718     Universe::verify();
 719   }
 720 
 721   _generation->set_concurrent_mark_in_progress(true);
 722 
 723   start_mark();
 724 
 725   if (_do_old_gc_bootstrap) {
 726     shenandoah_assert_generational();
 727     // Update region state for both young and old regions
 728     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_region_states);
 729     ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure cl;
 730     heap->parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
 731     heap->old_generation()->ref_processor()->reset_thread_locals();
 732   } else {
 733     // Update region state for only young regions
 734     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_region_states);
 735     ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure cl;
 736     _generation->parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
 737   }
 738 
 739   // Weak reference processing
 740   ShenandoahReferenceProcessor* rp = _generation->ref_processor();
 741   rp->reset_thread_locals();
 742 
 743   // Make above changes visible to worker threads
 744   OrderAccess::fence();
 745 
 746   // Arm nmethods/stack for concurrent processing
 747   ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods();
 748   ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
 749 
 750   {
 751     ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_propagate_gc_state);
 752     heap->propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads();
 753   }
 754 }
 755 
 756 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_mark_roots() {
 757   _mark.mark_concurrent_roots();
 758 }
 759 
 760 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_mark() {
 761   _mark.concurrent_mark();
 762 }
 763 
 764 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_final_mark() {
 765   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 766   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Should be at safepoint");
 767   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "No forwarded objects on this path");
 768 
 769   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 770     heap->verifier()->verify_roots_no_forwarded(_generation);
 771   }
 772 
 773   if (!heap->cancelled_gc()) {
 774     _mark.finish_mark();
 775     assert(!heap->cancelled_gc(), "STW mark cannot OOM");
 776 
 777     // Notify JVMTI that the tagmap table will need cleaning.
 778     JvmtiTagMap::set_needs_cleaning();
 779 
 780     // The collection set is chosen by prepare_regions_and_collection_set(). Additionally, certain parameters have been
 781     // established to govern the evacuation efforts that are about to begin.  Refer to comments on reserve members in
 782     // ShenandoahGeneration and ShenandoahOldGeneration for more detail.
 783     _generation->prepare_regions_and_collection_set(true /*concurrent*/);
 784 
 785     // Has to be done after cset selection
 786     heap->prepare_concurrent_roots();
 787 
 788     if (!heap->collection_set()->is_empty()) {
 789       LogTarget(Debug, gc, cset) lt;
 790       if (lt.is_enabled()) {
 791         ResourceMark rm;
 792         LogStream ls(lt);
 793         heap->collection_set()->print_on(&ls);
 794       }
 795 
 796       if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 797         ShenandoahTimingsTracker v(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_mark_verify);
 798         heap->verifier()->verify_before_evacuation(_generation);
 799       }
 800 
 801       heap->set_evacuation_in_progress(true);
 802       // From here on, we need to update references.
 803       heap->set_has_forwarded_objects(true);
 804     } else {
 805       if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 806         ShenandoahTimingsTracker v(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_mark_verify);
 807         if (has_in_place_promotions(heap)) {
 808           heap->verifier()->verify_after_concmark_with_promotions(_generation);
 809         } else {
 810           heap->verifier()->verify_after_concmark(_generation);
 811         }
 812       }
 813     }
 814   }
 815 
 816   // Arm nmethods/stack for concurrent processing
 817   ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods();
 818   ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
 819 
 820   {
 821     ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_mark_propagate_gc_state);
 822     heap->propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads();
 823   }
 824 }
 825 
 826 bool ShenandoahConcurrentGC::has_in_place_promotions(ShenandoahHeap* heap) {
 827   return heap->mode()->is_generational() && heap->old_generation()->has_in_place_promotions();
 828 }
 829 
 830 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 831 private:
 832   OopClosure* const _oops;
 833 public:
 834   explicit ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure(OopClosure* oops) : _oops(oops) {}
 835 
 836   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
 837     JavaThread* const jt = JavaThread::cast(thread);
 838     StackWatermarkSet::finish_processing(jt, _oops, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
 839   }
 840 };
 841 
 842 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask : public WorkerTask {
 843 private:
 844   ShenandoahJavaThreadsIterator _java_threads;
 845 
 846 public:
 847   explicit ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask(uint n_workers) :
 848     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuate/Update Concurrent Thread Roots"),
 849     _java_threads(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_thread_roots, n_workers) {
 850   }
 851 
 852   void work(uint worker_id) override {
 853     ShenandoahContextEvacuateUpdateRootsClosure oops_cl;
 854     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure thr_cl(&oops_cl);
 855     _java_threads.threads_do(&thr_cl, worker_id);
 856   }
 857 };
 858 
 859 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_thread_roots() {
 860   const ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 861   assert(heap->is_evacuation_in_progress(), "Checked by caller");
 862   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_thread_roots);
 863   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask task(heap->workers()->active_workers());
 864   heap->workers()->run_task(&task);
 865 }
 866 
 867 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_weak_refs() {
 868   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 869   assert(heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(), "Only during this phase");
 870   // Concurrent weak refs processing
 871   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs);
 872   if (heap->gc_cause() == GCCause::_wb_breakpoint) {
 873     ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_after_reference_processing_started();
 874   }
 875   _generation->ref_processor()->process_references(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs, heap->workers(), true /* concurrent */);
 876 }
 877 
 878 class ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
 879 private:
 880   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
 881   ShenandoahGeneration* const _generation;
 882   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _mark_context;
 883   bool  _evac_in_progress;
 884   Thread* const _thread;
 885 
 886 public:
 887   explicit ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure(ShenandoahGeneration* generation);
 888   void do_oop(oop* p);
 889   void do_oop(narrowOop* p);
 890 };
 891 
 892 ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure::ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) :
 893   _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
 894   _generation(generation),
 895   _mark_context(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->marking_context()),
 896   _evac_in_progress(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_evacuation_in_progress()),
 897   _thread(Thread::current()) {
 898 }
 899 
 900 void ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure::do_oop(oop* p) {
 901   const oop obj = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
 902   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(obj)) {
 903     if (!_mark_context->is_marked(obj)) {
 904       if (_generation->contains(obj)) {
 905         // Note: The obj is dead here. Do not touch it, just clear.
 906         ShenandoahHeap::atomic_clear_oop(p, obj);
 907       }
 908     } else if (_evac_in_progress && _heap->in_collection_set(obj)) {
 909       oop resolved = ShenandoahBarrierSet::resolve_forwarded_not_null(obj);
 910       if (resolved == obj) {
 911         resolved = _heap->evacuate_object(obj, _thread);
 912       }
 913       shenandoah_assert_not_in_cset_except(p, resolved, _heap->cancelled_gc());
 914       ShenandoahHeap::atomic_update_oop(resolved, p, obj);
 915     }
 916   }
 917 }
 918 
 919 void ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
 920   ShouldNotReachHere();
 921 }
 922 
 923 class ShenandoahIsCLDAliveClosure : public CLDClosure {
 924 public:
 925   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 926     cld->is_alive();
 927   }
 928 };
 929 
 930 class ShenandoahIsNMethodAliveClosure: public NMethodClosure {
 931 public:
 932   void do_nmethod(nmethod* n) {
 933     n->is_unloading();
 934   }
 935 };
 936 
 937 // This task not only evacuates/updates marked weak roots, but also "null"
 938 // dead weak roots.
 939 class ShenandoahConcurrentWeakRootsEvacUpdateTask : public WorkerTask {
 940 private:
 941   ShenandoahVMWeakRoots<true /*concurrent*/> _vm_roots;
 942 
 943   // Roots related to concurrent class unloading
 944   ShenandoahClassLoaderDataRoots<true /* concurrent */>
 945                                              _cld_roots;
 946   ShenandoahConcurrentNMethodIterator        _nmethod_itr;
 947   ShenandoahGeneration*                      _generation;
 948   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase              _phase;
 949 
 950 public:
 951   ShenandoahConcurrentWeakRootsEvacUpdateTask(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase) :
 952     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuate/Update Concurrent Weak Roots"),
 953     _vm_roots(phase),
 954     _cld_roots(phase, ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers()->active_workers(), false /*heap iteration*/),
 955     _nmethod_itr(ShenandoahCodeRoots::table()),
 956     _generation(generation),
 957     _phase(phase) {}
 958 
 959   ~ShenandoahConcurrentWeakRootsEvacUpdateTask() {
 960     // Notify runtime data structures of potentially dead oops
 961     _vm_roots.report_num_dead();
 962   }
 963 
 964   void work(uint worker_id) override {
 965     ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
 966     SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner sts_join;
 967     {
 968       // jni_roots and weak_roots are OopStorage backed roots, concurrent iteration
 969       // may race against OopStorage::release() calls.
 970       ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure cl(_generation);
 971       _vm_roots.oops_do(&cl, worker_id);
 972     }
 973 
 974     // If we are going to perform concurrent class unloading later on, we need to
 975     // clean up the weak oops in CLD and determine nmethod's unloading state, so that we
 976     // can clean up immediate garbage sooner.
 977     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
 978       // Applies ShenandoahIsCLDAlive closure to CLDs, native barrier will either null the
 979       // CLD's holder or evacuate it.
 980       {
 981         ShenandoahIsCLDAliveClosure is_cld_alive;
 982         _cld_roots.cld_do(&is_cld_alive, worker_id);
 983       }
 984 
 985       // Applies ShenandoahIsNMethodAliveClosure to registered nmethods.
 986       // The closure calls nmethod->is_unloading(). The is_unloading
 987       // state is cached, therefore, during concurrent class unloading phase,
 988       // we will not touch the metadata of unloading nmethods
 989       {
 990         ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(_phase, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::CodeCache, worker_id);
 991         ShenandoahIsNMethodAliveClosure is_nmethod_alive;
 992         _nmethod_itr.nmethods_do(&is_nmethod_alive);
 993       }
 994     }
 995   }
 996 };
 997 
 998 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_weak_roots() {
 999   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1000   assert(heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(), "Only during this phase");
1001   {
1002     // Concurrent weak root processing
1003     ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_roots);
1004     ShenandoahConcurrentWeakRootsEvacUpdateTask task(_generation, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_roots);
1005     heap->workers()->run_task(&task);
1006   }
1007 
1008   {
1009     // It is possible for mutators executing the load reference barrier to have
1010     // loaded an oop through a weak handle that has since been nulled out by
1011     // weak root processing. Handshaking here forces them to complete the
1012     // barrier before the GC cycle continues and does something that would
1013     // change the evaluation of the barrier (for example, resetting the TAMS
1014     // on trashed regions could make an oop appear to be marked _after_ the
1015     // region has been recycled).
1016     ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_roots_rendezvous);
1017     heap->rendezvous_threads("Shenandoah Concurrent Weak Roots");
1018   }
1019 }
1020 
1021 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_class_unloading() {
1022   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1023   assert (heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() &&
1024           heap->unload_classes(),
1025           "Checked by caller");
1026   heap->do_class_unloading();
1027 }
1028 
1029 class ShenandoahEvacUpdateCodeCacheClosure : public NMethodClosure {
1030 private:
1031   ShenandoahEvacuateUpdateMetadataClosure   _cl;
1032 
1033 public:
1034   ShenandoahEvacUpdateCodeCacheClosure() : _cl() {}
1035 
1036   void do_nmethod(nmethod* n) {
1037     ShenandoahNMethod* data = ShenandoahNMethod::gc_data(n);
1038     ShenandoahNMethodLocker locker(data->lock());
1039     data->oops_do(&_cl, /* fix_relocations = */ true);
1040     ShenandoahNMethod::disarm_nmethod_unlocked(n);
1041   }
1042 };
1043 
1044 class ShenandoahConcurrentRootsEvacUpdateTask : public WorkerTask {
1045 private:
1046   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase                 _phase;
1047   ShenandoahVMRoots<true /*concurrent*/>        _vm_roots;
1048   ShenandoahClassLoaderDataRoots<true /*concurrent*/>
1049                                                 _cld_roots;
1050   ShenandoahConcurrentNMethodIterator           _nmethod_itr;
1051 
1052 public:
1053   ShenandoahConcurrentRootsEvacUpdateTask(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase) :
1054     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuate/Update Concurrent Strong Roots"),
1055     _phase(phase),
1056     _vm_roots(phase),
1057     _cld_roots(phase, ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers()->active_workers(), false /*heap iteration*/),
1058     _nmethod_itr(ShenandoahCodeRoots::table()) {}
1059 
1060   void work(uint worker_id) {
1061     ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1062     {
1063       {
1064         // vm_roots and weak_roots are OopStorage backed roots, concurrent iteration
1065         // may race against OopStorage::release() calls.
1066         ShenandoahContextEvacuateUpdateRootsClosure cl;
1067         _vm_roots.oops_do<ShenandoahContextEvacuateUpdateRootsClosure>(&cl, worker_id);
1068       }
1069 
1070       {
1071         ShenandoahEvacuateUpdateMetadataClosure cl;
1072         CLDToOopClosure clds(&cl, ClassLoaderData::_claim_strong);
1073         _cld_roots.cld_do(&clds, worker_id);
1074       }
1075     }
1076 
1077     if (!ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1078       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(_phase, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::CodeCache, worker_id);
1079       ShenandoahEvacUpdateCodeCacheClosure cl;
1080       _nmethod_itr.nmethods_do(&cl);
1081     }
1082   }
1083 };
1084 
1085 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_strong_roots() {
1086   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1087   assert(heap->is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(), "Checked by caller");
1088   ShenandoahConcurrentRootsEvacUpdateTask task(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_strong_roots);
1089   heap->workers()->run_task(&task);
1090   heap->set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(false);
1091 }
1092 
1093 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_cleanup_early() {
1094   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
1095                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_cleanup(),
1096                               "cleanup early.");
1097   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->recycle_trash();
1098 }
1099 
1100 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_evacuate() {
1101   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->evacuate_collection_set(_generation, true /*concurrent*/);
1102 }
1103 
1104 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_init_update_refs() {
1105   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1106     ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1107     ShenandoahTimingsTracker v(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_refs_verify);
1108     heap->verifier()->verify_before_update_refs(_generation);
1109   }
1110 }
1111 
1112 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_update_refs() {
1113   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->update_heap_references(_generation, true /*concurrent*/);
1114 }
1115 
1116 class ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1117 private:
1118   // This closure runs when thread is stopped for handshake, which means
1119   // we can use non-concurrent closure here, as long as it only updates
1120   // locations modified by the thread itself, i.e. stack locations.
1121   ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure _cl;
1122 public:
1123   ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure();
1124   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override;
1125 };
1126 
1127 ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure::ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure() :
1128   HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Update Thread Roots") {
1129 }
1130 
1131 void ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure::do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1132   if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
1133     JavaThread* jt = JavaThread::cast(thread);
1134     ResourceMark rm;
1135     jt->oops_do(&_cl, nullptr);
1136   }
1137 }
1138 
1139 class ShenandoahUpdateThreadRootsAndFlushOldSatbBuffers final : public HandshakeClosure {
1140   // When Shenandoah is marking the old generation, it is possible for the SATB barrier
1141   // to pick up overwritten pointers that point into a cset region. If these pointers
1142   // are accessed by mark threads, they will crash. Once update refs has completed, it is
1143   // no longer possible for a mutator thread to overwrite a pointer into a cset region.
1144   //
1145   // Therefore, at the end of update refs, we use this closure to update the thread roots
1146   // and 'complete' all the thread local SATB buffers. Completing these will filter out
1147   // anything that has already been marked or anything that points to a region which is
1148   // not old. We do not need to worry about ABA situations where a region may become old
1149   // after the pointer is enqueued but before it is filtered. There are only two ways a
1150   // region may become old:
1151   //  1. The region is promoted in place. This is safe because such regions will never
1152   //     be in the collection set. If this happens, the pointer will be preserved, essentially
1153   //     becoming part of the old snapshot.
1154   //  2. The region is allocated during evacuation of old. This is also not a concern because
1155   //     we haven't yet finished marking old so no mixed evacuations will happen.
1156   ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure _update_roots;
1157   ShenandoahFlushSATB _flush_all_satb;
1158 
1159 public:
1160   ShenandoahUpdateThreadRootsAndFlushOldSatbBuffers() :
1161     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Update Thread Roots and Flush SATB"),
1162     _flush_all_satb(ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set()) {
1163     assert(ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().get_filter_out_young(),
1164            "Should be filtering pointers outside of old during old marking");
1165   }
1166 
1167   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1168     _update_roots.do_thread(thread);
1169     _flush_all_satb.do_thread(thread);
1170   }
1171 };
1172 
1173 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_update_thread_roots() {
1174   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1175   if (heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
1176     ShenandoahUpdateThreadRootsAndFlushOldSatbBuffers cl;
1177     Handshake::execute(&cl);
1178   } else {
1179     ShenandoahUpdateThreadHandshakeClosure cl;
1180     Handshake::execute(&cl);
1181   }
1182 }
1183 
1184 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_final_update_refs() {
1185   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1186   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1187   assert(!heap->_update_refs_iterator.has_next(), "Should have finished update references");
1188 
1189   heap->finish_concurrent_roots();
1190 
1191   // Clear cancelled GC, if set. On cancellation path, the block before would handle
1192   // everything.
1193   if (heap->cancelled_gc()) {
1194     heap->clear_cancelled_gc();
1195   }
1196 
1197   // Has to be done before cset is clear
1198   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1199     heap->verifier()->verify_roots_in_to_space(_generation);
1200   }
1201 
1202   // If we are running in generational mode and this is an aging cycle, this will also age active
1203   // regions that haven't been used for allocation.
1204   heap->update_heap_region_states(true /*concurrent*/);
1205 
1206   heap->set_update_refs_in_progress(false);
1207   heap->set_has_forwarded_objects(false);
1208 
1209   if (heap->mode()->is_generational() && heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
1210     // Aging_cycle is only relevant during evacuation cycle for individual objects and during final mark for
1211     // entire regions.  Both of these relevant operations occur before final update refs.
1212     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->set_aging_cycle(false);
1213   }
1214 
1215   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1216     ShenandoahTimingsTracker v(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_verify);
1217     heap->verifier()->verify_after_update_refs(_generation);
1218   }
1219 
1220   if (VerifyAfterGC) {
1221     Universe::verify();
1222   }
1223 
1224   heap->rebuild_free_set(true /*concurrent*/);
1225   _generation->heuristics()->start_idle_span();
1226 
1227   {
1228     // Final pause: update GC barriers to idle state.
1229     ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods();
1230     ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
1231   }
1232 
1233   {
1234     ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_propagate_gc_state);
1235     heap->propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads();
1236   }
1237 }
1238 
1239 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_final_roots() {
1240   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1241   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
1242 
1243   const char* msg = final_roots_event_message();
1244   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_roots);
1245   EventMark em("%s", msg);
1246   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
1247                               ParallelGCThreads,
1248                               msg);
1249 
1250   heap->op_final_roots();
1251 }
1252 
1253 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_cleanup_complete() {
1254   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
1255                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_cleanup(),
1256                               "cleanup complete.");
1257   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->recycle_trash();
1258 }
1259 
1260 void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_reset_after_collect() {
1261   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
1262                           ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_reset(),
1263                           "reset after collection.");
1264 
1265   // Final concurrent phase: complete disabling all barriers.
1266   ShenandoahCodeRoots::disarm_nmethods();
1267 
1268   // Check that barriers were not left enabled.
1269   ShenandoahCodeRoots::check_barriers();
1270 
1271   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1272   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
1273     // If we are in the midst of an old gc bootstrap or an old marking, we want to leave the mark bit map of
1274     // the young generation intact. In particular, reference processing in the old generation may potentially
1275     // need the reachability of a young generation referent of a Reference object in the old generation.
1276     if (!_do_old_gc_bootstrap && !heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
1277       heap->young_generation()->reset_mark_bitmap<false>();
1278     }
1279   } else {
1280     _generation->reset_mark_bitmap<false>();
1281   }
1282 }
1283 
1284 bool ShenandoahConcurrentGC::check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint point) {
1285   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->cancelled_gc()) {
1286     _degen_point = point;
1287     return true;
1288   }
1289   return false;
1290 }
1291 
1292 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::init_mark_event_message() const {
1293   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1294   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "Should not have forwarded objects here");
1295   if (heap->unload_classes()) {
1296     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Init Mark", " (unload classes)");
1297   } else {
1298     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Init Mark", "");
1299   }
1300 }
1301 
1302 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::final_mark_event_message() const {
1303   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1304   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects() || heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(),
1305          "Should not have forwarded objects during final mark, unless old gen concurrent mark is running");
1306 
1307   if (heap->unload_classes()) {
1308     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Mark", " (unload classes)");
1309   } else {
1310     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Mark", "");
1311   }
1312 }
1313 
1314 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_mark_event_message() const {
1315   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
1316   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects() || heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(),
1317          "Should not have forwarded objects concurrent mark, unless old gen concurrent mark is running");
1318   if (heap->unload_classes()) {
1319     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent marking", " (unload classes)");
1320   } else {
1321     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent marking", "");
1322   }
1323 }
1324 
1325 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_reset_event_message() const {
1326   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1327     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent reset", " (unload classes)");
1328   } else {
1329     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent reset", "");
1330   }
1331 }
1332 
1333 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_reset_after_collect_event_message() const {
1334   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1335     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent reset after collect", " (unload classes)");
1336   } else {
1337     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent reset after collect", "");
1338   }
1339 }
1340 
1341 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::final_roots_event_message() const {
1342   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1343     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Roots", " (unload classes)");
1344   } else {
1345     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Roots", "");
1346   }
1347 }
1348 
1349 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_weak_refs_event_message() const {
1350   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1351     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak references", " (unload classes)");
1352   } else {
1353     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak references", "");
1354   }
1355 }
1356 
1357 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_weak_roots_event_message() const {
1358   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1359     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak roots", " (unload classes)");
1360   } else {
1361     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak roots", "");
1362   }
1363 }
1364 
1365 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_cleanup_event_message() const {
1366   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1367     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent cleanup", " (unload classes)");
1368   } else {
1369     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent cleanup", "");
1370   }
1371 }
1372 
1373 const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_init_update_refs_event_message() const {
1374   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
1375     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent Init Update Refs", " (unload classes)");
1376   } else {
1377     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent Init Update Refs", "");
1378   }
1379 }