1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   5  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   6  *
   7  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   8  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  *
  25  */
  26 
  27 
  28 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/locationPrinter.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/memAllocator.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahOldHeuristics.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahYoungHeuristics.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahGenerationalMode.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahPassiveMode.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahSATBMode.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocator.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRate.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRequest.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBarrierSet.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahClosures.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCodeRoots.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectionSet.hpp"
  52 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentMark.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahControlThread.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalEvacuationTask.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
  58 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGlobalGeneration.hpp"
  59 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionClosures.hpp"
  62 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionSet.hpp"
  63 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahInitLogger.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMarkingContext.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMemoryPool.hpp"
  66 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahObjArrayAllocator.hpp"
  68 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
  69 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPadding.hpp"
  70 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahParallelCleaning.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPartitionAllocator.hpp"
  72 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"
  73 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahReferenceProcessor.hpp"
  74 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
  75 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahScanRemembered.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahSTWMark.hpp"
  77 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUncommitThread.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
  80 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkGroup.hpp"
  83 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  84 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  85 #include "memory/classLoaderMetaspace.hpp"
  86 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  87 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  88 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  89 #include "nmt/mallocTracker.hpp"
  90 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  91 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  92 #include "prims/jvmtiTagMap.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
 100 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
 101 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
 102 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 103 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
 106 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 107 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahJfrSupport.hpp"
 108 #endif
 109 
 110 class ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask : public WorkerTask {
 111 private:
 112   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 113   const size_t _page_size;
 114 public:
 115   ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask(size_t page_size) :
 116     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Heap"),
 117     _page_size(page_size) {}
 118 
 119   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 120     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 121     while (r != nullptr) {
 122       if (r->is_committed()) {
 123         os::pretouch_memory(r->bottom(), r->end(), _page_size);
 124       }
 125       r = _regions.next();
 126     }
 127   }
 128 };
 129 
 130 class ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask : public WorkerTask {
 131 private:
 132   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 133   char* _bitmap_base;
 134   const size_t _bitmap_size;
 135   const size_t _page_size;
 136 public:
 137   ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask(char* bitmap_base, size_t bitmap_size, size_t page_size) :
 138     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Bitmap"),
 139     _bitmap_base(bitmap_base),
 140     _bitmap_size(bitmap_size),
 141     _page_size(page_size) {}
 142 
 143   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 144     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 145     while (r != nullptr) {
 146       size_t start = r->index()       * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 147       size_t end   = (r->index() + 1) * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 148       assert (end <= _bitmap_size, "end is sane: %zu < %zu", end, _bitmap_size);
 149 
 150       if (r->is_committed()) {
 151         os::pretouch_memory(_bitmap_base + start, _bitmap_base + end, _page_size);
 152       }
 153 
 154       r = _regions.next();
 155     }
 156   }
 157 };
 158 
 159 static ReservedSpace reserve(size_t size, size_t preferred_page_size) {
 160   // When a page size is given we don't want to mix large
 161   // and normal pages. If the size is not a multiple of the
 162   // page size it will be aligned up to achieve this.
 163   size_t alignment = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
 164   if (preferred_page_size != os::vm_page_size()) {
 165     alignment = MAX2(preferred_page_size, alignment);
 166     size = align_up(size, alignment);
 167   }
 168 
 169   const ReservedSpace reserved = MemoryReserver::reserve(size, alignment, preferred_page_size, mtGC);
 170   if (!reserved.is_reserved()) {
 171     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve space");
 172   }
 173   return reserved;
 174 }
 175 
 176 jint ShenandoahHeap::initialize() {
 177   //
 178   // Figure out heap sizing
 179   //
 180 
 181   size_t init_byte_size = InitialHeapSize;
 182   size_t min_byte_size  = MinHeapSize;
 183   size_t max_byte_size  = MaxHeapSize;
 184   size_t heap_alignment = HeapAlignment;
 185 
 186   size_t reg_size_bytes = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 187 
 188   Universe::check_alignment(max_byte_size,  reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 189   Universe::check_alignment(init_byte_size, reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 190 
 191   _num_regions = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_count();
 192   assert(_num_regions == (max_byte_size / reg_size_bytes),
 193          "Regions should cover entire heap exactly: %zu != %zu/%zu",
 194          _num_regions, max_byte_size, reg_size_bytes);
 195 
 196   size_t num_committed_regions = init_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 197   num_committed_regions = MIN2(num_committed_regions, _num_regions);
 198   assert(num_committed_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 199   _initial_size = num_committed_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 200 
 201   size_t num_min_regions = min_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 202   num_min_regions = MIN2(num_min_regions, _num_regions);
 203   assert(num_min_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 204   _minimum_size = num_min_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 205 
 206   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(clamp(SoftMaxHeapSize, min_capacity(), max_capacity()));
 207 
 208   _committed.store_relaxed(_initial_size);
 209 
 210   size_t heap_page_size   = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 211   size_t bitmap_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 212   size_t region_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 213 
 214   //
 215   // Reserve and commit memory for heap
 216   //
 217 
 218   ReservedHeapSpace heap_rs = Universe::reserve_heap(max_byte_size, heap_alignment);
 219   initialize_reserved_region(heap_rs);
 220   _heap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*)heap_rs.base(), heap_rs.size() / HeapWordSize);
 221   _heap_region_special = heap_rs.special();
 222 
 223   assert((((size_t) base()) & ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_mask()) == 0,
 224          "Misaligned heap: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(base()));
 225   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Heap",
 226                                           max_byte_size, heap_alignment,
 227                                           heap_rs.base(),
 228                                           heap_rs.size(), heap_rs.page_size());
 229 
 230 #if SHENANDOAH_OPTIMIZED_MARKTASK
 231   // The optimized ShenandoahMarkTask takes some bits away from the full object bits.
 232   // Fail if we ever attempt to address more than we can.
 233   if ((uintptr_t)heap_rs.end() >= ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable()) {
 234     FormatBuffer<512> buf("Shenandoah reserved [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT") for the heap, \n"
 235                           "but max object address is " PTR_FORMAT ". Try to reduce heap size, or try other \n"
 236                           "VM options that allocate heap at lower addresses (HeapBaseMinAddress, AllocateHeapAt, etc).",
 237                 p2i(heap_rs.base()), p2i(heap_rs.end()), ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable());
 238     vm_exit_during_initialization("Fatal Error", buf);
 239   }
 240 #endif
 241 
 242   ReservedSpace sh_rs = heap_rs.first_part(max_byte_size);
 243   if (!_heap_region_special) {
 244     os::commit_memory_or_exit(sh_rs.base(), _initial_size, heap_alignment, false,
 245                               "Cannot commit heap memory");
 246   }
 247 
 248   BarrierSet::set_barrier_set(new ShenandoahBarrierSet(this, _heap_region));
 249 
 250   // Now we know the number of regions and heap sizes, initialize the heuristics.
 251   initialize_heuristics();
 252 
 253   // If ShenandoahCardBarrier is enabled but it's not generational mode
 254   // it means we're under passive mode and we have to initialize old gen
 255   // for the purpose of having card table.
 256   if (ShenandoahCardBarrier && !(mode()->is_generational())) {
 257     _old_generation = new ShenandoahOldGeneration(max_workers());
 258   }
 259 
 260   assert(_heap_region.byte_size() == heap_rs.size(), "Need to know reserved size for card table");
 261 
 262   //
 263   // Worker threads must be initialized after the barrier is configured
 264   //
 265   _workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("ShenWorker", _max_workers);
 266   if (_workers == nullptr) {
 267     vm_exit_during_initialization("Failed necessary allocation.");
 268   } else {
 269     _workers->initialize_workers();
 270   }
 271 
 272   if (ParallelGCThreads > 1) {
 273     _safepoint_workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("Safepoint Cleanup Thread", ParallelGCThreads);
 274     _safepoint_workers->initialize_workers();
 275   }
 276 
 277   //
 278   // Reserve and commit memory for bitmap(s)
 279   //
 280 
 281   size_t bitmap_size_orig = ShenandoahMarkBitMap::compute_size(heap_rs.size());
 282   _bitmap_size = align_up(bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size);
 283 
 284   size_t bitmap_bytes_per_region = reg_size_bytes / ShenandoahMarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 285 
 286   guarantee(bitmap_bytes_per_region != 0,
 287             "Bitmap bytes per region should not be zero");
 288   guarantee(is_power_of_2(bitmap_bytes_per_region),
 289             "Bitmap bytes per region should be power of two: %zu", bitmap_bytes_per_region);
 290 
 291   if (bitmap_page_size > bitmap_bytes_per_region) {
 292     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = bitmap_page_size / bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 293     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_page_size;
 294   } else {
 295     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = 1;
 296     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 297   }
 298 
 299   guarantee(_bitmap_regions_per_slice >= 1,
 300             "Should have at least one region per slice: %zu",
 301             _bitmap_regions_per_slice);
 302 
 303   guarantee(((_bitmap_bytes_per_slice) % bitmap_page_size) == 0,
 304             "Bitmap slices should be page-granular: bps = %zu, page size = %zu",
 305             _bitmap_bytes_per_slice, bitmap_page_size);
 306 
 307   ReservedSpace bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 308   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Mark Bitmap",
 309                                           bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 310                                           bitmap.base(),
 311                                           bitmap.size(), bitmap.page_size());
 312   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(bitmap, mtGC);
 313   _bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) bitmap.base(), bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 314   _bitmap_region_special = bitmap.special();
 315 
 316   size_t bitmap_init_commit = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice *
 317     align_up(num_committed_regions, _bitmap_regions_per_slice) / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
 318   bitmap_init_commit = MIN2(_bitmap_size, bitmap_init_commit);
 319   if (!_bitmap_region_special) {
 320     os::commit_memory_or_exit((char *) _bitmap_region.start(), bitmap_init_commit, bitmap_page_size, false,
 321                               "Cannot commit bitmap memory");
 322   }
 323 
 324   _marking_context = new ShenandoahMarkingContext(_heap_region, _bitmap_region, _num_regions);
 325 
 326   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 327     ReservedSpace verify_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 328     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Verify Bitmap",
 329                                             bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 330                                             verify_bitmap.base(),
 331                                             verify_bitmap.size(), verify_bitmap.page_size());
 332     if (!verify_bitmap.special()) {
 333       os::commit_memory_or_exit(verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size(), bitmap_page_size, false,
 334                                 "Cannot commit verification bitmap memory");
 335     }
 336     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(verify_bitmap, mtGC);
 337     MemRegion verify_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord *) verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 338     _verification_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, verify_bitmap_region);
 339     _verifier = new ShenandoahVerifier(this, &_verification_bit_map);
 340   }
 341 
 342   // Reserve aux bitmap for use in object_iterate(). We don't commit it here.
 343   size_t aux_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 344 
 345   ReservedSpace aux_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, aux_bitmap_page_size);
 346   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Aux Bitmap",
 347                                           bitmap_size_orig, aux_bitmap_page_size,
 348                                           aux_bitmap.base(),
 349                                           aux_bitmap.size(), aux_bitmap.page_size());
 350   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(aux_bitmap, mtGC);
 351   _aux_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) aux_bitmap.base(), aux_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 352   _aux_bitmap_region_special = aux_bitmap.special();
 353   _aux_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, _aux_bitmap_region);
 354 
 355   //
 356   // Create regions and region sets
 357   //
 358   size_t region_align = align_up(sizeof(ShenandoahHeapRegion), SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
 359   size_t region_storage_size_orig = region_align * _num_regions;
 360   size_t region_storage_size = align_up(region_storage_size_orig,
 361                                         MAX2(region_page_size, os::vm_allocation_granularity()));
 362 
 363   ReservedSpace region_storage = reserve(region_storage_size, region_page_size);
 364   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Region Storage",
 365                                           region_storage_size_orig, region_page_size,
 366                                           region_storage.base(),
 367                                           region_storage.size(), region_storage.page_size());
 368   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(region_storage, mtGC);
 369   if (!region_storage.special()) {
 370     os::commit_memory_or_exit(region_storage.base(), region_storage_size, region_page_size, false,
 371                               "Cannot commit region memory");
 372   }
 373 
 374   // Try to fit the collection set bitmap at lower addresses. This optimizes code generation for cset checks.
 375   // Go up until a sensible limit (subject to encoding constraints) and try to reserve the space there.
 376   // If not successful, bite a bullet and allocate at whatever address.
 377   {
 378     const size_t cset_align = MAX2<size_t>(os::vm_page_size(), os::vm_allocation_granularity());
 379     const size_t cset_size = align_up(((size_t) sh_rs.base() + sh_rs.size()) >> ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_shift(), cset_align);
 380     const size_t cset_page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 381 
 382     uintptr_t min = round_up_power_of_2(cset_align);
 383     uintptr_t max = (1u << 30u);
 384     ReservedSpace cset_rs;
 385 
 386     for (uintptr_t addr = min; addr <= max; addr <<= 1u) {
 387       char* req_addr = (char*)addr;
 388       assert(is_aligned(req_addr, cset_align), "Should be aligned");
 389       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(req_addr, cset_size, cset_align, cset_page_size, mtGC);
 390       if (cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 391         assert(cset_rs.base() == req_addr, "Allocated where requested: " PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset_rs.base()), addr);
 392         _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 393         break;
 394       }
 395     }
 396 
 397     if (_collection_set == nullptr) {
 398       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(cset_size, cset_align, os::vm_page_size(), mtGC);
 399       if (!cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 400         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot reserve memory for collection set");
 401       }
 402 
 403       _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 404     }
 405     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Collection Set",
 406                                             cset_size, cset_page_size,
 407                                             cset_rs.base(),
 408                                             cset_rs.size(), cset_rs.page_size());
 409   }
 410 
 411   _regions = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahHeapRegion*, _num_regions, mtGC);
 412   _affiliations = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(uint8_t, _num_regions, mtGC);
 413 
 414   {
 415     ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
 416     for (size_t i = 0; i < _num_regions; i++) {
 417       HeapWord* start = (HeapWord*)sh_rs.base() + ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_words() * i;
 418       bool is_committed = i < num_committed_regions;
 419       void* loc = region_storage.base() + i * region_align;
 420 
 421       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = new (loc) ShenandoahHeapRegion(start, i, is_committed);
 422       assert(is_aligned(r, SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE), "Sanity");
 423 
 424       _marking_context->initialize_top_at_mark_start(r);
 425       _regions[i] = r;
 426       assert(!collection_set()->is_in(i), "New region should not be in collection set");
 427 
 428       _affiliations[i] = ShenandoahAffiliation::FREE;
 429     }
 430 
 431     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 432       size_t young_reserve = (soft_max_capacity() * ShenandoahEvacReserve) / 100;
 433       young_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve(young_reserve);
 434       old_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve((size_t) 0);
 435       old_generation()->set_promoted_reserve((size_t) 0);
 436     }
 437 
 438     _free_set = new ShenandoahFreeSet(this, _num_regions);
 439     _allocator = new ShenandoahAllocator(_free_set);
 440     initialize_generations();
 441 
 442     // We are initializing free set.  We ignore cset region tallies.
 443     size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old;
 444     _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old);
 445     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 446       ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
 447       // We cannot call
 448       //  gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_cset_regions)
 449       // until after the heap is fully initialized.  So we make up a safe value here.
 450       size_t allocation_runway = InitialHeapSize / 2;
 451       gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
 452     }
 453     _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, num_old);
 454   }
 455 
 456   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
 457     // For NUMA, it is important to pre-touch the storage under bitmaps with worker threads,
 458     // before initialize() below zeroes it with initializing thread. For any given region,
 459     // we touch the region and the corresponding bitmaps from the same thread.
 460     ShenandoahPushWorkerScope scope(workers(), _max_workers, false);
 461 
 462     _pretouch_heap_page_size = heap_page_size;
 463     _pretouch_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 464 
 465     // OS memory managers may want to coalesce back-to-back pages. Make their jobs
 466     // simpler by pre-touching continuous spaces (heap and bitmap) separately.
 467 
 468     ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask bcl(bitmap.base(), _bitmap_size, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
 469     _workers->run_task(&bcl);
 470 
 471     ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask hcl(_pretouch_heap_page_size);
 472     _workers->run_task(&hcl);
 473   }
 474 
 475   //
 476   // Initialize the rest of GC subsystems
 477   //
 478 
 479   _liveness_cache = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData*, _max_workers, mtGC);
 480   for (uint worker = 0; worker < _max_workers; worker++) {
 481     _liveness_cache[worker] = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData, _num_regions, mtGC);
 482     Copy::fill_to_bytes(_liveness_cache[worker], _num_regions * sizeof(ShenandoahLiveData));
 483   }
 484 
 485   // There should probably be Shenandoah-specific options for these,
 486   // just as there are G1-specific options.
 487   {
 488     ShenandoahSATBMarkQueueSet& satbqs = ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set();
 489     satbqs.set_process_completed_buffers_threshold(20); // G1SATBProcessCompletedThreshold
 490     satbqs.set_buffer_enqueue_threshold_percentage(60); // G1SATBBufferEnqueueingThresholdPercent
 491   }
 492 
 493   _monitoring_support = new ShenandoahMonitoringSupport(this);
 494   _phase_timings = new ShenandoahPhaseTimings(max_workers());
 495   ShenandoahCodeRoots::initialize();
 496 
 497   // Initialization of controller makes use of variables established by initialize_heuristics.
 498   initialize_controller();
 499 
 500   // Certain initialization of heuristics must be deferred until after controller is initialized.
 501   post_initialize_heuristics();
 502   start_idle_span();
 503   if (ShenandoahUncommit) {
 504     _uncommit_thread = new ShenandoahUncommitThread(this);
 505   }
 506   print_init_logger();
 507   FullGCForwarding::initialize(_heap_region);
 508   return JNI_OK;
 509 }
 510 
 511 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_controller() {
 512   _control_thread = new ShenandoahControlThread();
 513 }
 514 
 515 void ShenandoahHeap::print_init_logger() const {
 516   ShenandoahInitLogger::print();
 517 }
 518 
 519 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_mode() {
 520   if (ShenandoahGCMode != nullptr) {
 521     if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "satb") == 0) {
 522       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahSATBMode();
 523     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "passive") == 0) {
 524       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahPassiveMode();
 525     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "generational") == 0) {
 526       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahGenerationalMode();
 527     } else {
 528       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option");
 529     }
 530   } else {
 531     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option (null)");
 532   }
 533   _gc_mode->initialize_flags();
 534   if (_gc_mode->is_diagnostic() && !UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions) {
 535     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 536             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is diagnostic, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions.",
 537                     _gc_mode->name()));
 538   }
 539   if (_gc_mode->is_experimental() && !UnlockExperimentalVMOptions) {
 540     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 541             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is experimental, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions.",
 542                     _gc_mode->name()));
 543   }
 544 }
 545 
 546 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_heuristics() {
 547   _global_generation = new ShenandoahGlobalGeneration(mode()->is_generational(), max_workers());
 548   _global_generation->initialize_heuristics(mode());
 549 }
 550 
 551 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 552 #pragma warning( push )
 553 #pragma warning( disable:4355 ) // 'this' : used in base member initializer list
 554 #endif
 555 
 556 ShenandoahHeap::ShenandoahHeap(ShenandoahCollectorPolicy* policy) :
 557   CollectedHeap(),
 558   _active_generation(nullptr),
 559   _initial_size(0),
 560   _committed(0),
 561   _alloc_rate_decay(&_alloc_rate),
 562   _max_workers(MAX3(ConcGCThreads, ParallelGCThreads, 1U)),
 563   _workers(nullptr),
 564   _safepoint_workers(nullptr),
 565   _heap_region_special(false),
 566   _num_regions(0),
 567   _regions(nullptr),
 568   _affiliations(nullptr),
 569   _gc_state_changed(false),
 570   _gc_no_progress_count(0),
 571   _cancel_requested_time(0),
 572   _update_refs_iterator(this),
 573   _global_generation(nullptr),
 574   _control_thread(nullptr),
 575   _uncommit_thread(nullptr),
 576   _young_generation(nullptr),
 577   _old_generation(nullptr),
 578   _shenandoah_policy(policy),
 579   _gc_mode(nullptr),
 580   _free_set(nullptr),
 581   _allocator(nullptr),
 582   _verifier(nullptr),
 583   _phase_timings(nullptr),
 584   _monitoring_support(nullptr),
 585   _memory_pool(nullptr),
 586   _stw_memory_manager("Shenandoah Pauses"),
 587   _cycle_memory_manager("Shenandoah Cycles"),
 588   _gc_timer(new ConcurrentGCTimer()),
 589   _log_min_obj_alignment_in_bytes(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes),
 590   _marking_context(nullptr),
 591   _bitmap_size(0),
 592   _bitmap_regions_per_slice(0),
 593   _bitmap_bytes_per_slice(0),
 594   _bitmap_region_special(false),
 595   _aux_bitmap_region_special(false),
 596   _liveness_cache(nullptr),
 597   _collection_set(nullptr),
 598   _evac_tracker(new ShenandoahEvacuationTracker()),
 599   _injected_pin_count(0)
 600 {
 601   // Initialize GC mode early, many subsequent initialization procedures depend on it
 602   initialize_mode();
 603   _cancelled_gc.set(GCCause::_no_gc);
 604 }
 605 
 606 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 607 #pragma warning( pop )
 608 #endif
 609 
 610 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_on(outputStream* st) const {
 611   const bool is_generational = mode()->is_generational();
 612   const char* front_spacing = "";
 613   if (is_generational) {
 614     st->print_cr("Generational Shenandoah Heap");
 615     st->print_cr(" Young:");
 616     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->used()));
 617     st->print_cr(" Old:");
 618     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->used()));
 619     st->print_cr(" Entire heap:");
 620     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed",
 621                 PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(committed()));
 622     front_spacing = " ";
 623   } else {
 624     st->print_cr("Shenandoah Heap");
 625     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed, " PROPERFMT " used",
 626       PROPERFMTARGS(max_capacity()),
 627       PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()),
 628       PROPERFMTARGS(committed()),
 629       PROPERFMTARGS(used())
 630     );
 631   }
 632   st->print_cr("%s %zu x " PROPERFMT " regions",
 633           front_spacing,
 634           num_regions(),
 635           PROPERFMTARGS(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes()));
 636 
 637   st->print("Status: ");
 638   if (has_forwarded_objects())                 st->print("has forwarded objects, ");
 639   if (!is_generational) {
 640     if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress())      st->print("marking,");
 641   } else {
 642     if (is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress())    st->print("old marking, ");
 643     if (is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress())  st->print("young marking, ");
 644   }
 645   if (is_evacuation_in_progress())             st->print("evacuating, ");
 646   if (is_update_refs_in_progress())            st->print("updating refs, ");
 647   if (is_degenerated_gc_in_progress())         st->print("degenerated gc, ");
 648   if (is_full_gc_in_progress())                st->print("full gc, ");
 649   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress())           st->print("full gc move, ");
 650   if (is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())   st->print("concurrent weak roots, ");
 651   if (is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress() &&
 652       !is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())  st->print("concurrent strong roots, ");
 653 
 654   if (cancelled_gc()) {
 655     st->print("cancelled");
 656   } else {
 657     st->print("not cancelled");
 658   }
 659   st->cr();
 660 
 661   st->print_cr("Reserved region:");
 662   st->print_cr(" - [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT ") ",
 663                p2i(reserved_region().start()),
 664                p2i(reserved_region().end()));
 665 
 666   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cset = collection_set();
 667   st->print_cr("Collection set:");
 668   if (cset != nullptr) {
 669     st->print_cr(" - map (vanilla): " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->map_address()));
 670     st->print_cr(" - map (biased):  " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->biased_map_address()));
 671   } else {
 672     st->print_cr(" (null)");
 673   }
 674 
 675   st->cr();
 676 
 677   if (Verbose) {
 678     st->cr();
 679     print_heap_regions_on(st);
 680   }
 681 }
 682 
 683 void ShenandoahHeap::print_gc_on(outputStream* st) const {
 684   print_heap_regions_on(st);
 685 }
 686 
 687 class ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 688 public:
 689   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 690     assert(thread != nullptr, "Sanity");
 691     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::initialize_gclab(thread);
 692   }
 693 };
 694 
 695 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_generations() {
 696   _global_generation->post_initialize(this);
 697 }
 698 
 699 // We do not call this explicitly  It is called by Hotspot infrastructure.
 700 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize() {
 701   CollectedHeap::post_initialize();
 702 
 703   check_soft_max_changed();
 704 
 705   // Schedule periodic task to report on gc thread CPU utilization
 706   _mmu_tracker.initialize();
 707 
 708   // Periodically decay allocation rate to compensate for not being updated when allocation rate
 709   // is low. Heuristics are evaluated unconditionally from a dedicated thread so it will continue
 710   // to see the last (possibly stale) allocation rate if the allocation rate is low.
 711   _alloc_rate_decay.enroll();
 712 
 713   MutexLocker ml(Threads_lock);
 714 
 715   ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure init_gclabs;
 716   _workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 717 
 718   // gclab can not be initialized early during VM startup, as it can not determinate its max_size.
 719   // Now, we will let WorkerThreads to initialize gclab when new worker is created.
 720   _workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 721 
 722   // Note that the safepoint workers may require gclabs if the threads are used to create a heap dump
 723   // during a concurrent evacuation phase.
 724   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
 725     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 726     _safepoint_workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 727   }
 728 
 729   JFR_ONLY(ShenandoahJFRSupport::register_jfr_type_serializers();)
 730 }
 731 
 732 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize_heuristics() {
 733   _global_generation->post_initialize_heuristics();
 734 }
 735 
 736 ShenandoahHeuristics* ShenandoahHeap::heuristics() {
 737   return _global_generation->heuristics();
 738 }
 739 
 740 size_t ShenandoahHeap::used() const {
 741   return global_generation()->used();
 742 }
 743 
 744 size_t ShenandoahHeap::committed() const {
 745   return _committed.load_relaxed();
 746 }
 747 
 748 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_committed(size_t bytes) {
 749   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 750   _committed.fetch_then_add(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 751 }
 752 
 753 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_committed(size_t bytes) {
 754   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 755   _committed.fetch_then_sub(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 756 }
 757 
 758 size_t ShenandoahHeap::capacity() const {
 759   return committed();
 760 }
 761 
 762 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_capacity() const {
 763   return _num_regions * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 764 }
 765 
 766 size_t ShenandoahHeap::soft_max_capacity() const {
 767   size_t v = _soft_max_size.load_relaxed();
 768   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 769          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 770          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 771   return v;
 772 }
 773 
 774 void ShenandoahHeap::set_soft_max_capacity(size_t v) {
 775   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 776          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 777          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 778   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(v);
 779   heuristics()->compute_headroom_adjustment();
 780 }
 781 
 782 size_t ShenandoahHeap::min_capacity() const {
 783   return _minimum_size;
 784 }
 785 
 786 size_t ShenandoahHeap::initial_capacity() const {
 787   return _initial_size;
 788 }
 789 
 790 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_in(const void* p) const {
 791   if (!is_in_reserved(p)) {
 792     return false;
 793   }
 794 
 795   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress()) {
 796     // Full GC move is running, we do not have a consistent region
 797     // information yet. But we know the pointer is in heap.
 798     return true;
 799   }
 800 
 801   // Now check if we point to a live section in active region.
 802   const ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
 803   if (p >= r->top()) {
 804     return false;
 805   }
 806 
 807   if (r->is_active()) {
 808     return true;
 809   }
 810 
 811   // The region is trash, but won't be recycled until after concurrent weak
 812   // roots. We also don't allow mutators to allocate from trash regions
 813   // during weak roots. Concurrent class unloading may access unmarked oops
 814   // in trash regions.
 815   return r->is_trash() && is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress();
 816 }
 817 
 818 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_soft_max_changed() {
 819   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 820     _uncommit_thread->notify_soft_max_changed();
 821   }
 822 }
 823 
 824 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_explicit_gc_requested() {
 825   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 826     _uncommit_thread->notify_explicit_gc_requested();
 827   }
 828 }
 829 
 830 bool ShenandoahHeap::check_soft_max_changed() {
 831   size_t new_soft_max = AtomicAccess::load(&SoftMaxHeapSize);
 832   size_t old_soft_max = soft_max_capacity();
 833   if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 834     new_soft_max = clamp(new_soft_max, min_capacity(), max_capacity());
 835     if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 836       log_info(gc)("Soft Max Heap Size: %zu%s -> %zu%s",
 837                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(old_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(old_soft_max),
 838                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(new_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(new_soft_max)
 839       );
 840       set_soft_max_capacity(new_soft_max);
 841       return true;
 842     }
 843   }
 844   return false;
 845 }
 846 
 847 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_heap_changed() {
 848   // Update monitoring counters when we took a new region. This amortizes the
 849   // update costs on slow path.
 850   monitoring_support()->notify_heap_changed();
 851   _heap_changed.try_set();
 852 }
 853 
 854 void ShenandoahHeap::start_idle_span() {
 855   heuristics()->start_idle_span();
 856 }
 857 
 858 void ShenandoahHeap::set_forced_counters_update(bool value) {
 859   monitoring_support()->set_forced_counters_update(value);
 860 }
 861 
 862 void ShenandoahHeap::handle_force_counters_update() {
 863   monitoring_support()->handle_force_counters_update();
 864 }
 865 
 866 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_from_gclab_slow(Thread* thread, size_t size) {
 867   // New object should fit the GCLAB size
 868   size_t min_size = MAX2(size, PLAB::min_size());
 869 
 870   // Figure out size of new GCLAB, looking back at heuristics. Expand aggressively.
 871   size_t new_size = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) * 2;
 872 
 873   new_size = MIN2(new_size, PLAB::max_size());
 874   new_size = MAX2(new_size, PLAB::min_size());
 875 
 876   // Record new heuristic value even if we take any shortcut. This captures
 877   // the case when moderately-sized objects always take a shortcut. At some point,
 878   // heuristics should catch up with them.
 879   log_debug(gc, free)("Set new GCLAB size: %zu", new_size);
 880   ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, new_size);
 881 
 882   if (new_size < size) {
 883     // New size still does not fit the object. Fall back to shared allocation.
 884     // This avoids retiring perfectly good GCLABs, when we encounter a large object.
 885     log_debug(gc, free)("New gclab size (%zu) is too small for %zu", new_size, size);
 886     return nullptr;
 887   }
 888 
 889   // Retire current GCLAB, and allocate a new one.
 890   PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
 891   gclab->retire();
 892 
 893   size_t actual_size = 0;
 894   HeapWord* gclab_buf = allocate_new_gclab(min_size, new_size, &actual_size);
 895   if (gclab_buf == nullptr) {
 896     return nullptr;
 897   }
 898 
 899   assert (size <= actual_size, "allocation should fit");
 900 
 901   // ...and clear or zap just allocated TLAB, if needed.
 902   if (ZeroTLAB) {
 903     Copy::zero_to_words(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 904   } else if (ZapTLAB) {
 905     // Skip mangling the space corresponding to the object header to
 906     // ensure that the returned space is not considered parsable by
 907     // any concurrent GC thread.
 908     size_t hdr_size = oopDesc::header_size();
 909     Copy::fill_to_words(gclab_buf + hdr_size, actual_size - hdr_size, badHeapWordVal);
 910   }
 911   gclab->set_buf(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 912   return gclab->allocate(size);
 913 }
 914 
 915 // Called from stubs in JIT code or interpreter
 916 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_tlab(size_t min_size,
 917                                             size_t requested_size,
 918                                             size_t* actual_size) {
 919   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_tlab(min_size, requested_size);
 920   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 921   if (res != nullptr) {
 922     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 923   } else {
 924     *actual_size = 0;
 925   }
 926   return res;
 927 }
 928 
 929 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_gclab(size_t min_size,
 930                                              size_t word_size,
 931                                              size_t* actual_size) {
 932   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_gclab(min_size, word_size);
 933   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 934   if (res != nullptr) {
 935     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 936   } else {
 937     *actual_size = 0;
 938   }
 939   return res;
 940 }
 941 
 942 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req) {
 943   bool in_new_region = false;
 944   HeapWord* result = nullptr;
 945 
 946   if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
 947 
 948     if (!ShenandoahAllocFailureALot || !should_inject_alloc_failure()) {
 949       result = allocate_memory_work(req, in_new_region);
 950     }
 951 
 952     // Check that gc overhead is not exceeded.
 953     //
 954     // Shenandoah will grind along for quite a while allocating one
 955     // object at a time using shared (non-tlab) allocations. This check
 956     // is testing that the GC overhead limit has not been exceeded.
 957     // This will notify the collector to start a cycle, but will raise
 958     // an OOME to the mutator if the last Full GCs have not made progress.
 959     // gc_no_progress_count is incremented following each degen or full GC that fails to achieve is_good_progress().
 960     if (result == nullptr && !req.is_lab_alloc() && get_gc_no_progress_count() > ShenandoahNoProgressThreshold) {
 961       control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, false);
 962       req.set_actual_size(0);
 963       return nullptr;
 964     }
 965 
 966     if (result == nullptr) {
 967       // Block until control thread reacted, then retry allocation.
 968       //
 969       // It might happen that one of the threads requesting allocation would unblock
 970       // way later after GC happened, only to fail the second allocation, because
 971       // other threads have already depleted the free storage. In this case, a better
 972       // strategy is to try again, until at least one full GC has completed.
 973       //
 974       // Stop retrying and return nullptr to cause OOMError exception if our allocation failed even after:
 975       //   a) We experienced a GC that had good progress, or
 976       //   b) We experienced at least one Full GC (whether or not it had good progress)
 977 
 978       const size_t original_count = shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count();
 979       while (result == nullptr && should_retry_allocation(original_count)) {
 980         control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, true);
 981         result = allocate_memory_work(req, in_new_region);
 982       }
 983       if (result != nullptr) {
 984         // If our allocation request has been satisfied after it initially failed, we count this as good gc progress
 985         notify_gc_progress();
 986       }
 987       if (log_develop_is_enabled(Debug, gc, alloc)) {
 988         ResourceMark rm;
 989         log_debug(gc, alloc)("Thread: %s, Result: " PTR_FORMAT ", Request: %s, Size: %zu"
 990                              ", Original: %zu, Latest: %zu",
 991                              Thread::current()->name(), p2i(result), req.type_string(), req.size(),
 992                              original_count, get_gc_no_progress_count());
 993       }
 994     }
 995   } else {
 996     assert(req.is_gc_alloc(), "Can only accept GC allocs here");
 997     result = allocate_memory_work(req, in_new_region);
 998     // Do not call handle_alloc_failure() here, because we cannot block.
 999     // The allocation failure would be handled by the LRB slowpath with handle_alloc_failure_evac().
1000   }
1001 
1002   if (in_new_region) {
1003     notify_heap_changed();
1004   }
1005 
1006   if (result == nullptr) {
1007     req.set_actual_size(0);
1008   }
1009 
1010   if (result != nullptr) {
1011     size_t requested = req.size();
1012     size_t actual = req.actual_size();
1013 
1014     assert (req.is_lab_alloc() || (requested == actual),
1015             "Only LAB allocations are elastic: %s, requested = %zu, actual = %zu",
1016             req.type_string(), requested, actual);
1017   }
1018 
1019   return result;
1020 }
1021 
1022 inline bool ShenandoahHeap::should_retry_allocation(size_t original_full_gc_count) const {
1023   return shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count() == original_full_gc_count
1024       && !shenandoah_policy()->is_at_shutdown();
1025 }
1026 
1027 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory_work(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req, bool& in_new_region) {
1028   // Reserve the promotion budget up front so it is enforced atomically without the heap lock.
1029   // If the reserve is exhausted, deny the promotion rather than overshoot it; the reservation
1030   // is refunded below if the allocation itself fails.
1031   if (req.is_promotion() && !old_generation()->try_expend_promoted(req.size() << LogHeapWordSize)) {
1032     return nullptr;
1033   }
1034 
1035   HeapWord* result = _allocator->allocate(req, in_new_region);
1036 
1037   if (result != nullptr) {
1038     if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
1039       _alloc_rate.allocated((req.actual_size() + req.waste()) * HeapWordSize);
1040     }
1041 
1042     if (req.is_old()) {
1043       if (req.is_lab_alloc()) {
1044         old_generation()->configure_plab_for_current_thread(req);
1045       } else if (req.is_promotion()) {
1046         log_debug(gc, plab)("Expend shared promotion of %zu bytes", req.actual_size() * HeapWordSize);
1047       }
1048     }
1049   } else if (req.is_promotion()) {
1050     // Allocation failed, so refund the promotion budget reserved above.
1051     old_generation()->unexpend_promoted(req.size() << LogHeapWordSize);
1052   }
1053   return result;
1054 }
1055 
1056 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::mem_allocate(size_t size) {
1057   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared(size);
1058   return allocate_memory(req);
1059 }
1060 
1061 oop ShenandoahHeap::array_allocate(Klass* klass, size_t size, int length, bool do_zero, TRAPS) {
1062   ShenandoahObjArrayAllocator allocator(klass, size, length, do_zero, THREAD);
1063   return allocator.allocate();
1064 }
1065 
1066 MetaWord* ShenandoahHeap::satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
1067                                                              size_t size,
1068                                                              Metaspace::MetadataType mdtype) {
1069   MetaWord* result;
1070 
1071   // Inform metaspace OOM to GC heuristics if class unloading is possible.
1072   ShenandoahHeuristics* h = global_generation()->heuristics();
1073   if (h->can_unload_classes()) {
1074     h->record_metaspace_oom();
1075   }
1076 
1077   // Expand and retry allocation
1078   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1079   if (result != nullptr) {
1080     return result;
1081   }
1082 
1083   // Start full GC
1084   collect(GCCause::_metadata_GC_clear_soft_refs);
1085 
1086   // Retry allocation
1087   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->allocate(size, mdtype);
1088   if (result != nullptr) {
1089     return result;
1090   }
1091 
1092   // Expand and retry allocation
1093   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1094   if (result != nullptr) {
1095     return result;
1096   }
1097 
1098   // Out of memory
1099   return nullptr;
1100 }
1101 
1102 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1103 private:
1104   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1105   Thread* const _thread;
1106 public:
1107   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
1108     _heap(heap), _thread(Thread::current()) {}
1109 
1110   void do_object(oop p) {
1111     shenandoah_assert_marked(nullptr, p);
1112     if (!p->is_forwarded()) {
1113       _heap->evacuate_object(p, _thread);
1114     }
1115   }
1116 };
1117 
1118 class ShenandoahEvacuationTask : public WorkerTask {
1119 private:
1120   ShenandoahHeap* const _sh;
1121   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1122   bool _concurrent;
1123 public:
1124   ShenandoahEvacuationTask(ShenandoahHeap* sh,
1125                            ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs,
1126                            bool concurrent) :
1127     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuation"),
1128     _sh(sh),
1129     _cs(cs),
1130     _concurrent(concurrent)
1131   {}
1132 
1133   void work(uint worker_id) {
1134     if (_concurrent) {
1135       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1136       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1137       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
1138       do_work();
1139     } else {
1140       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1141       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1142       do_work();
1143     }
1144   }
1145 
1146 private:
1147   void do_work() {
1148     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure cl(_sh);
1149     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1150     while ((r =_cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1151       assert(r->has_live(), "Region %zu should have been reclaimed early", r->index());
1152       _sh->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1153 
1154       if (_sh->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(_concurrent)) {
1155         break;
1156       }
1157     }
1158   }
1159 };
1160 
1161 class ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1162 private:
1163   bool const _resize;
1164 public:
1165   explicit ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure(bool resize) : _resize(resize) {}
1166   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1167     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1168     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1169     gclab->retire();
1170     if (_resize && ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) > 0) {
1171       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, 0);
1172     }
1173 
1174     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1175       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1176       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1177 
1178       // There are two reasons to retire all plabs between old-gen evacuation passes.
1179       //  1. We need to make the plab memory parsable by remembered-set scanning.
1180       //  2. We need to establish a trustworthy UpdateWaterMark value within each old-gen heap region
1181       shenandoah_plab->retire();
1182 
1183       // Re-enable promotions for the next evacuation phase.
1184       shenandoah_plab->enable_promotions();
1185 
1186       // Reset the fill size for next evacuation phase.
1187       if (_resize && shenandoah_plab->desired_size() > 0) {
1188         shenandoah_plab->set_desired_size(0);
1189       }
1190     }
1191   }
1192 };
1193 
1194 class ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1195 public:
1196   explicit ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1197     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah GC State Change"),
1198     _gc_state(gc_state) {}
1199 
1200   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1201     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gc_state(thread, _gc_state);
1202   }
1203 private:
1204   char _gc_state;
1205 };
1206 
1207 class ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1208 public:
1209   explicit ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1210     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Prepare for Update Refs"),
1211     _retire(ResizeTLAB), _propagator(gc_state) {}
1212 
1213   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1214     _propagator.do_thread(thread);
1215     if (ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread) != nullptr) {
1216       _retire.do_thread(thread);
1217     }
1218   }
1219 private:
1220   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure _retire;
1221   ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure _propagator;
1222 };
1223 
1224 void ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_collection_set(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
1225   assert(generation->is_global(), "Only global generation expected here");
1226   ShenandoahEvacuationTask task(this, _collection_set, concurrent);
1227   workers()->run_task(&task);
1228 }
1229 
1230 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_prepare_for_update_refs() {
1231   {
1232     // Java threads take this lock while they are being attached and added to the list of threads.
1233     // If another thread holds this lock before we update the gc state, it will receive a stale
1234     // gc state, but they will have been added to the list of java threads and so will be corrected
1235     // by the following handshake.
1236     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1237 
1238     // A cancellation at this point means the degenerated cycle must resume from update-refs.
1239     set_gc_state_concurrent(EVACUATION, false);
1240     set_gc_state_concurrent(UPDATE_REFS, true);
1241   }
1242 
1243   // This will propagate the gc state and retire gclabs and plabs for threads that require it.
1244   ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure prepare_for_update_refs(_gc_state.raw_value());
1245 
1246   // The handshake won't touch worker threads (or control thread, or VM thread), so do those separately.
1247   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1248 
1249   // Now retire gclabs and plabs and propagate gc_state for mutator threads
1250   Handshake::execute(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1251 
1252   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
1253 }
1254 
1255 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_final_roots() {
1256   {
1257     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1258 
1259 #ifdef ASSERT
1260     for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread* jt = jtiwh.next();) {
1261       StackWatermark* sw = StackWatermarkSet::get(jt, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
1262       assert(sw == nullptr || sw->processing_completed(),
1263              "Cannot turn off weak roots before stack watermark processing is complete");
1264     }
1265 #endif
1266 
1267     set_gc_state_concurrent(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1268   }
1269 
1270   ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
1271   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&propagator);
1272   Handshake::execute(&propagator);
1273 }
1274 
1275 oop ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread) {
1276   assert(thread == Thread::current(), "Expected thread parameter to be current thread.");
1277 
1278   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
1279   assert(!r->is_humongous(), "never evacuate humongous objects");
1280 
1281   ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen = r->affiliation();
1282   return try_evacuate_object(p, thread, r, target_gen);
1283 }
1284 
1285 oop ShenandoahHeap::try_evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread, ShenandoahHeapRegion* from_region,
1286                                                ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen) {
1287   assert(target_gen == YOUNG_GENERATION, "Only expect evacuations to young in this mode");
1288   assert(from_region->is_young(), "Only expect evacuations from young in this mode");
1289   bool alloc_from_lab = true;
1290   HeapWord* copy = nullptr;
1291   size_t size = ShenandoahForwarding::size(p);
1292 
1293 #ifdef ASSERT
1294   if (ShenandoahOOMDuringEvacALot &&
1295       (os::random() & 1) == 0) { // Simulate OOM every ~2nd slow-path call
1296     copy = nullptr;
1297   } else {
1298 #endif
1299     if (UseTLAB) {
1300       copy = allocate_from_gclab(thread, size);
1301     }
1302     if (copy == nullptr) {
1303       // If we failed to allocate in LAB, we'll try a shared allocation.
1304       ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared_gc(size, target_gen);
1305       copy = allocate_memory(req);
1306       alloc_from_lab = false;
1307     }
1308 #ifdef ASSERT
1309   }
1310 #endif
1311 
1312   if (copy == nullptr) {
1313     control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure_evac(size);
1314 
1315     // Install the self-forwarded bit on p so other evacuators/LRBs see
1316     // the object as "already handled, do not try to evacuate". The CAS
1317     // may fail if another thread concurrently installed a real forwardee
1318     // (they succeeded where we failed) or self-forwarded first.
1319     markWord old_mark = p->mark();
1320     if (old_mark.is_forwarded()) {
1321       return ShenandoahForwarding::get_forwardee(p);
1322     }
1323     oop winner = ShenandoahForwarding::try_forward_to_self(p, old_mark);
1324     if (winner == nullptr) {
1325       // We own the self-forwarding. Flag the region so the degen/full GC
1326       // entry drain knows to scan it for self_fwd bits to clear.
1327       from_region->set_has_self_forwards();
1328       return p;
1329     }
1330     return winner;
1331   }
1332 
1333   if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1334     evac_tracker()->begin_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1335   }
1336 
1337   // Copy the object:
1338   Copy::aligned_disjoint_words(cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(p), copy, size);
1339 
1340   oop copy_val = cast_to_oop(copy);
1341 
1342   // Relativize stack chunks before publishing the copy. After the forwarding CAS,
1343   // mutators can see the copy and thaw it via the fast path if flags == 0. We must
1344   // relativize derived pointers and set gc_mode before that happens. Skip if the
1345   // copy's mark word is already a forwarding pointer (another thread won the race
1346   // and overwrote the original's header before we copied it).
1347   if (!ShenandoahForwarding::is_forwarded(copy_val)) {
1348     ContinuationGCSupport::relativize_stack_chunk(copy_val);
1349   }
1350 
1351   // Try to install the new forwarding pointer.
1352   oop result = ShenandoahForwarding::try_update_forwardee(p, copy_val);
1353   if (result == copy_val) {
1354     // Successfully evacuated. Our copy is now the public one!
1355     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1356     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1357       evac_tracker()->end_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1358     }
1359     return copy_val;
1360   }  else {
1361     // Failed to evacuate. We need to deal with the object that is left behind. Since this
1362     // new allocation is certainly after TAMS, it will be considered live in the next cycle.
1363     // But if it happens to contain references to evacuated regions, those references would
1364     // not get updated for this stale copy during this cycle, and we will crash while scanning
1365     // it the next cycle.
1366     if (alloc_from_lab) {
1367       // For LAB allocations, it is enough to rollback the allocation ptr. Either the next
1368       // object will overwrite this stale copy, or the filler object on LAB retirement will
1369       // do this.
1370       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread)->undo_allocation(copy, size);
1371     } else {
1372       // For non-LAB allocations, we have no way to retract the allocation, and
1373       // have to explicitly overwrite the copy with the filler object. With that overwrite,
1374       // we have to keep the fwdptr initialized and pointing to our (stale) copy.
1375       assert(size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated object known to be larger than min_size");
1376       fill_with_object(copy, size);
1377       shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1378       // For non-LAB allocations, the object has already been registered
1379     }
1380     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, result);
1381     return result;
1382   }
1383 }
1384 
1385 // Clear the self_fwd bit on a live cset object, if set. Runs at a safepoint,
1386 // so a plain store is sufficient — no concurrent writers to the mark word.
1387 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1388 public:
1389   void do_object(oop obj) override {
1390     markWord m = obj->mark();
1391     if (m.is_self_forwarded()) {
1392       obj->set_mark(m.unset_self_forwarded());
1393     }
1394   }
1395 };
1396 
1397 // Parallel task over flagged cset regions. Iterates the live objects via the
1398 // mark bitmap (skipping evacuated and never-marked memory), clears self_fwd
1399 // bits, and resets the region flag once done.
1400 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask : public WorkerTask {
1401 private:
1402   ShenandoahHeap*          const _heap;
1403   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1404 
1405 public:
1406   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask(ShenandoahHeap* heap, ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs) :
1407     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Un-Self-Forward"),
1408     _heap(heap),
1409     _cs(cs) {}
1410 
1411   void work(uint worker_id) override {
1412     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1413     ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure cl;
1414     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1415     while ((r = _cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1416       if (r->has_self_forwards()) {
1417         _heap->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1418         r->clear_has_self_forwards();
1419       }
1420     }
1421   }
1422 };
1423 
1424 void ShenandoahHeap::un_self_forward_cset_regions() {
1425   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1426   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1427   if (cs == nullptr || cs->is_empty()) {
1428     return;
1429   }
1430   cs->clear_current_index();
1431   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask task(this, cs);
1432   workers()->run_task(&task);
1433   DEBUG_ONLY(assert_no_self_forwards());
1434 }
1435 
1436 #ifdef ASSERT
1437 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_no_self_forwards() const {
1438   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1439   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1440   if (cs == nullptr) return;
1441   cs->clear_current_index();
1442   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1443   while ((r = cs->next()) != nullptr) {
1444     assert(!r->has_self_forwards(), "region still flagged after drain");
1445   }
1446   cs->clear_current_index();
1447 }
1448 #endif
1449 
1450 void ShenandoahHeap::trash_cset_regions() {
1451   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
1452 
1453   ShenandoahCollectionSet* set = collection_set();
1454   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1455   set->clear_current_index();
1456   while ((r = set->next()) != nullptr) {
1457     r->make_trash();
1458   }
1459   collection_set()->clear();
1460 }
1461 
1462 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_regions_on(outputStream* st) const {
1463   st->print_cr("Heap Regions:");
1464   st->print_cr("Region state: EU=empty-uncommitted, EC=empty-committed, R=regular, H=humongous start, HP=pinned humongous start");
1465   st->print_cr("              HC=humongous continuation, CS=collection set, TR=trash, P=pinned, CSP=pinned collection set");
1466   st->print_cr("BTE=bottom/top/end, TAMS=top-at-mark-start");
1467   st->print_cr("UWM=update watermark, U=used");
1468   st->print_cr("T=TLAB allocs, G=GCLAB allocs");
1469   st->print_cr("S=shared allocs, L=live data");
1470   st->print_cr("CP=critical pins");
1471 
1472   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
1473     get_region(i)->print_on(st);
1474   }
1475 }
1476 
1477 void ShenandoahHeap::process_gc_stats() const {
1478   // Commit worker statistics to cycle data
1479   phase_timings()->flush_par_workers_to_cycle();
1480 
1481   // Print GC stats for current cycle
1482   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1483   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1484     ResourceMark rm;
1485     LogStream ls(lt);
1486     phase_timings()->print_cycle_on(&ls);
1487     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1488       ShenandoahCycleStats  evac_stats = evac_tracker()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1489       evac_tracker()->print_evacuations_on(&ls, &evac_stats.workers,
1490                                                &evac_stats.mutators);
1491     }
1492   }
1493 
1494   // Commit statistics to globals
1495   phase_timings()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1496 }
1497 
1498 size_t ShenandoahHeap::trash_humongous_region_at(ShenandoahHeapRegion* start) const {
1499   assert(start->is_humongous_start(), "reclaim regions starting with the first one");
1500   assert(!start->has_live(), "liveness must be zero");
1501 
1502   // Do not try to get the size of this humongous object. STW collections will
1503   // have already unloaded classes, so an unmarked object may have a bad klass pointer.
1504   ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = start;
1505   size_t index = region->index();
1506   do {
1507     assert(region->is_humongous(), "Expect correct humongous start or continuation");
1508     assert(!region->is_cset(), "Humongous region should not be in collection set");
1509     region->make_trash_immediate();
1510     region = get_region(++index);
1511   } while (region != nullptr && region->is_humongous_continuation());
1512 
1513   // Return number of regions trashed
1514   return index - start->index();
1515 }
1516 
1517 class ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1518 public:
1519   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure() {}
1520   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1521     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1522     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1523     assert(gclab->words_remaining() == 0, "GCLAB should not need retirement");
1524 
1525     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1526       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1527       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1528       assert(shenandoah_plab->plab()->words_remaining() == 0, "PLAB should not need retirement");
1529     }
1530   }
1531 };
1532 
1533 void ShenandoahHeap::labs_make_parsable() {
1534   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1535 
1536   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(false);
1537 
1538   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1539     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer& tlab = t->tlab();
1540     tlab.make_parsable();
1541     if (ZeroTLAB) {
1542       t->retire_tlab();
1543     }
1544     cl.do_thread(t);
1545   }
1546 
1547   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1548 
1549   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1550     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1551   }
1552 }
1553 
1554 void ShenandoahHeap::tlabs_retire(bool resize) {
1555   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1556   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1557 
1558   ThreadLocalAllocStats stats;
1559 
1560   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1561     t->retire_tlab(&stats);
1562     if (resize) {
1563       t->tlab().resize();
1564     }
1565   }
1566 
1567   stats.publish();
1568 
1569 #ifdef ASSERT
1570   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure cl;
1571   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1572     cl.do_thread(t);
1573   }
1574   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1575 #endif
1576 }
1577 
1578 void ShenandoahHeap::gclabs_retire(bool resize) {
1579   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1580   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1581 
1582   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(resize);
1583   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1584     cl.do_thread(t);
1585   }
1586 
1587   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1588 
1589   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1590     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1591   }
1592 }
1593 
1594 // Returns size in bytes
1595 size_t ShenandoahHeap::unsafe_max_tlab_alloc() const {
1596   // Return the max allowed size, and let the allocation path
1597   // figure out the safe size for current allocation.
1598   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_bytes();
1599 }
1600 
1601 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_tlab_size() const {
1602   // Returns size in words
1603   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_words();
1604 }
1605 
1606 void ShenandoahHeap::collect_as_vm_thread(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1607   // These requests are ignored because we can't easily have Shenandoah jump into
1608   // a synchronous (degenerated or full) cycle while it is in the middle of a concurrent
1609   // cycle. We _could_ cancel the concurrent cycle and then try to run a cycle directly
1610   // on the VM thread, but this would confuse the control thread mightily and doesn't
1611   // seem worth the trouble. Instead, we will have the caller thread run (and wait for) a
1612   // concurrent cycle in the prologue of the heap inspect/dump operation (see VM_HeapDumper::doit_prologue).
1613   // This is how other concurrent collectors in the JVM handle this scenario as well.
1614   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Should be the VM thread");
1615   guarantee(cause == GCCause::_heap_dump || cause == GCCause::_heap_inspection, "Invalid cause");
1616 }
1617 
1618 void ShenandoahHeap::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1619   control_thread()->request_gc(cause);
1620 }
1621 
1622 void ShenandoahHeap::do_full_collection(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
1623   // This method is only called by `CollectedHeap::collect_as_vm_thread`, which we have
1624   // overridden to do nothing. See the comment there for an explanation of how heap inspections
1625   // work for Shenandoah.
1626   ShouldNotReachHere();
1627 }
1628 
1629 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::block_start(const void* addr) const {
1630   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1631   if (r != nullptr) {
1632     return r->block_start(addr);
1633   }
1634   return nullptr;
1635 }
1636 
1637 bool ShenandoahHeap::block_is_obj(const HeapWord* addr) const {
1638   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1639   return r->block_is_obj(addr);
1640 }
1641 
1642 bool ShenandoahHeap::print_location(outputStream* st, void* addr) const {
1643   return BlockLocationPrinter<ShenandoahHeap>::print_location(st, addr);
1644 }
1645 
1646 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_for_verify() {
1647   if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() && UseTLAB) {
1648     labs_make_parsable();
1649   }
1650 }
1651 
1652 void ShenandoahHeap::gc_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tcl) const {
1653   if (_shenandoah_policy->is_at_shutdown()) {
1654     return;
1655   }
1656 
1657   if (_control_thread != nullptr) {
1658     tcl->do_thread(_control_thread);
1659   }
1660 
1661   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
1662     tcl->do_thread(_uncommit_thread);
1663   }
1664 
1665   workers()->threads_do(tcl);
1666   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
1667     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(tcl);
1668   }
1669 }
1670 
1671 void ShenandoahHeap::print_tracing_info() const {
1672   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1673   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1674     ResourceMark rm;
1675     LogStream ls(lt);
1676 
1677     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1678       evac_tracker()->print_global_on(&ls);
1679       ls.cr();
1680       ls.cr();
1681     }
1682 
1683     phase_timings()->print_global_on(&ls);
1684 
1685     ls.cr();
1686     ls.cr();
1687 
1688     shenandoah_policy()->print_gc_stats(&ls);
1689 
1690     ls.cr();
1691     ls.cr();
1692   }
1693 }
1694 
1695 // Active generation may only be set by the VM thread at a safepoint.
1696 void ShenandoahHeap::set_active_generation(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1697   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only the VM Thread");
1698   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Only at a safepoint!");
1699   _active_generation = generation;
1700 }
1701 
1702 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_start(GCCause::Cause cause, ShenandoahGeneration* generation,
1703                                     bool is_degenerated, bool is_out_of_cycle) {
1704   shenandoah_policy()->record_collection_cause(cause);
1705 
1706   const GCCause::Cause current = gc_cause();
1707   assert(current == GCCause::_no_gc, "Over-writing cause: %s, with: %s",
1708          GCCause::to_string(current), GCCause::to_string(cause));
1709 
1710   set_gc_cause(cause);
1711 
1712   if (is_degenerated) {
1713     generation->heuristics()->record_degenerated_cycle_start(is_out_of_cycle);
1714   } else {
1715     generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_start();
1716   }
1717 }
1718 
1719 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_end(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1720   assert(gc_cause() != GCCause::_no_gc, "cause wasn't set");
1721 
1722   generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1723   if (mode()->is_generational() && generation->is_global()) {
1724     // If we just completed a GLOBAL GC, claim credit for completion of young-gen and old-gen GC as well
1725     young_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1726     old_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1727   }
1728 
1729   set_gc_cause(GCCause::_no_gc);
1730 }
1731 
1732 void ShenandoahHeap::verify(VerifyOption vo) {
1733   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
1734     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1735       verifier()->verify_generic(active_generation(), vo);
1736     } else {
1737       // TODO: Consider allocating verification bitmaps on demand,
1738       // and turn this on unconditionally.
1739     }
1740   }
1741 }
1742 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_capacity() const {
1743   return _free_set->capacity_not_holding_lock();
1744 }
1745 
1746 class ObjectIterateScanRootClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1747 private:
1748   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1749   ShenandoahScanObjectStack* _oop_stack;
1750   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1751   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1752 
1753   template <class T>
1754   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1755     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1756     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1757       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1758       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1759         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1760         return;
1761       }
1762       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1763 
1764       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1765       if (!_bitmap->is_marked(obj)) {
1766         _bitmap->mark(obj);
1767         _oop_stack->push(obj);
1768       }
1769     }
1770   }
1771 public:
1772   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack) :
1773     _bitmap(bitmap), _oop_stack(oop_stack), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1774     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1775   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1776   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1777 };
1778 
1779 /*
1780  * This is public API, used in preparation of object_iterate().
1781  * Since we don't do linear scan of heap in object_iterate() (see comment below), we don't
1782  * need to make the heap parsable. For Shenandoah-internal linear heap scans that we can
1783  * control, we call SH::tlabs_retire, SH::gclabs_retire.
1784  */
1785 void ShenandoahHeap::ensure_parsability(bool retire_tlabs) {
1786   // No-op.
1787 }
1788 
1789 /*
1790  * Iterates objects in the heap. This is public API, used for, e.g., heap dumping.
1791  *
1792  * We cannot safely iterate objects by doing a linear scan at random points in time. Linear
1793  * scanning needs to deal with dead objects, which may have dead Klass* pointers (e.g.
1794  * calling oopDesc::size() would crash) or dangling reference fields (crashes) etc. Linear
1795  * scanning therefore depends on having a valid marking bitmap to support it. However, we only
1796  * have a valid marking bitmap after successful marking. In particular, we *don't* have a valid
1797  * marking bitmap during marking, after aborted marking or during/after cleanup (when we just
1798  * wiped the bitmap in preparation for next marking).
1799  *
1800  * For all those reasons, we implement object iteration as a single marking traversal, reporting
1801  * objects as we mark+traverse through the heap, starting from GC roots. JVMTI IterateThroughHeap
1802  * is allowed to report dead objects, but is not required to do so.
1803  */
1804 void ShenandoahHeap::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
1805   // Reset bitmap
1806   if (!prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration())
1807     return;
1808 
1809   ShenandoahScanObjectStack oop_stack;
1810   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(&_aux_bit_map, &oop_stack);
1811   // Seed the stack with root scan
1812   scan_roots_for_iteration(&oop_stack, &oops);
1813 
1814   // Work through the oop stack to traverse heap
1815   while (! oop_stack.is_empty()) {
1816     oop obj = oop_stack.pop();
1817     assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1818     cl->do_object(obj);
1819     obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1820   }
1821 
1822   assert(oop_stack.is_empty(), "should be empty");
1823   // Reclaim bitmap
1824   reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1825 }
1826 
1827 bool ShenandoahHeap::prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1828   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1829   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1830     bool success = os::commit_memory((char *) _aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size(), false);
1831     if (!success) {
1832       log_warning(gc)("Auxiliary marking bitmap commit failed: " PTR_FORMAT " (%zu bytes)",
1833                       p2i(_aux_bitmap_region.start()), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1834       return false;
1835     }
1836   }
1837   _aux_bit_map.clear();
1838   return true;
1839 }
1840 
1841 void ShenandoahHeap::scan_roots_for_iteration(ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack, ObjectIterateScanRootClosure* oops) {
1842   // Process GC roots according to current GC cycle
1843   // This populates the work stack with initial objects
1844   // It is important to relinquish the associated locks before diving
1845   // into heap dumper
1846   uint n_workers = safepoint_workers() != nullptr ? safepoint_workers()->active_workers() : 1;
1847   ShenandoahHeapIterationRootScanner rp(n_workers);
1848   rp.roots_do(oops);
1849 }
1850 
1851 void ShenandoahHeap::reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1852   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1853     os::uncommit_memory((char*)_aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1854   }
1855 }
1856 
1857 // Closure for parallelly iterate objects
1858 class ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1859 private:
1860   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1861   ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* _queue;
1862   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1863   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1864 
1865   template <class T>
1866   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1867     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1868     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1869       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1870       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1871         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1872         return;
1873       }
1874       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1875 
1876       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "Must be a valid oop");
1877       if (_bitmap->par_mark(obj)) {
1878         _queue->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1879       }
1880     }
1881   }
1882 public:
1883   ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q) :
1884     _bitmap(bitmap), _queue(q), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1885     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1886   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1887   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1888 };
1889 
1890 // Object iterator for parallel heap iteraion.
1891 // The root scanning phase happenes in construction as a preparation of
1892 // parallel marking queues.
1893 // Every worker processes it's own marking queue. work-stealing is used
1894 // to balance workload.
1895 class ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator : public ParallelObjectIteratorImpl {
1896 private:
1897   uint                         _num_workers;
1898   bool                         _init_ready;
1899   MarkBitMap*                  _aux_bit_map;
1900   ShenandoahHeap*              _heap;
1901   ShenandoahScanObjectStack    _roots_stack; // global roots stack
1902   ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* _task_queues;
1903 public:
1904   ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(uint num_workers, MarkBitMap* bitmap) :
1905         _num_workers(num_workers),
1906         _init_ready(false),
1907         _aux_bit_map(bitmap),
1908         _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()) {
1909     // Initialize bitmap
1910     _init_ready = _heap->prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1911     if (!_init_ready) {
1912       return;
1913     }
1914 
1915     ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, &_roots_stack);
1916     _heap->scan_roots_for_iteration(&_roots_stack, &oops);
1917 
1918     _init_ready = prepare_worker_queues();
1919   }
1920 
1921   ~ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator() {
1922     // Reclaim bitmap
1923     _heap->reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1924     // Reclaim queue for workers
1925     if (_task_queues!= nullptr) {
1926       for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1927         ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = _task_queues->queue(i);
1928         if (q != nullptr) {
1929           delete q;
1930           _task_queues->register_queue(i, nullptr);
1931         }
1932       }
1933       delete _task_queues;
1934       _task_queues = nullptr;
1935     }
1936   }
1937 
1938   virtual void object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl, uint worker_id) {
1939     if (_init_ready) {
1940       object_iterate_parallel(cl, worker_id, _task_queues);
1941     }
1942   }
1943 
1944 private:
1945   // Divide global root_stack into worker queues
1946   bool prepare_worker_queues() {
1947     _task_queues = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet((int) _num_workers);
1948     // Initialize queues for every workers
1949     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1950       ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* task_queue = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueue();
1951       _task_queues->register_queue(i, task_queue);
1952     }
1953     // Divide roots among the workers. Assume that object referencing distribution
1954     // is related with root kind, use round-robin to make every worker have same chance
1955     // to process every kind of roots
1956     size_t roots_num = _roots_stack.size();
1957     if (roots_num == 0) {
1958       // No work to do
1959       return false;
1960     }
1961 
1962     for (uint j = 0; j < roots_num; j++) {
1963       uint stack_id = j % _num_workers;
1964       oop obj = _roots_stack.pop();
1965       _task_queues->queue(stack_id)->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1966     }
1967     return true;
1968   }
1969 
1970   void object_iterate_parallel(ObjectClosure* cl,
1971                                uint worker_id,
1972                                ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* queue_set) {
1973     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1974     assert(queue_set != nullptr, "task queue must not be null");
1975 
1976     ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = queue_set->queue(worker_id);
1977     assert(q != nullptr, "object iterate queue must not be null");
1978 
1979     ShenandoahMarkTask t;
1980     ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, q);
1981 
1982     // Work through the queue to traverse heap.
1983     // Steal when there is no task in queue.
1984     while (q->pop(t) || queue_set->steal(worker_id, t)) {
1985       oop obj = t.obj();
1986       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1987       cl->do_object(obj);
1988       obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1989     }
1990     assert(q->is_empty(), "should be empty");
1991   }
1992 };
1993 
1994 ParallelObjectIteratorImpl* ShenandoahHeap::parallel_object_iterator(uint workers) {
1995   return new ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(workers, &_aux_bit_map);
1996 }
1997 
1998 // Keep alive an object that was loaded with AS_NO_KEEPALIVE.
1999 void ShenandoahHeap::keep_alive(oop obj) {
2000   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() && (obj != nullptr)) {
2001     ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->enqueue(obj);
2002   }
2003 }
2004 
2005 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2006   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2007     ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = get_region(i);
2008     blk->heap_region_do(current);
2009   }
2010 }
2011 
2012 class ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask : public WorkerTask {
2013 private:
2014   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
2015   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* _closure;
2016 
2017 public:
2018   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure)
2019     : WorkerTask("Shenandoah Heap Region Iterator")
2020     , _closure(closure) {}
2021 
2022   void work(uint worker_id) override {
2023     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2024     ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = _regions.next();
2025     while (region != nullptr) {
2026       _closure->heap_region_do(region);
2027       region = _regions.next();
2028     }
2029   }
2030 };
2031 
2032 class ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask : public WorkerTask {
2033 private:
2034   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
2035   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* const _blk;
2036   size_t const _stride;
2037 
2038   shenandoah_padding(0);
2039   Atomic<size_t> _index;
2040   shenandoah_padding(1);
2041 
2042 public:
2043   ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk, size_t stride) :
2044           WorkerTask("Shenandoah Parallel Region Operation"),
2045           _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()), _blk(blk), _stride(stride), _index(0) {}
2046 
2047   void work(uint worker_id) {
2048     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2049     size_t stride = _stride;
2050 
2051     size_t max = _heap->num_regions();
2052     while (_index.load_relaxed() < max) {
2053       size_t cur = _index.fetch_then_add(stride, memory_order_relaxed);
2054       size_t start = cur;
2055       size_t end = MIN2(cur + stride, max);
2056       if (start >= max) break;
2057 
2058       for (size_t i = cur; i < end; i++) {
2059         ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = _heap->get_region(i);
2060         _blk->heap_region_do(current);
2061       }
2062     }
2063   }
2064 };
2065 
2066 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2067   assert(blk->is_thread_safe(), "Only thread-safe closures here");
2068   const uint active_workers = workers()->active_workers();
2069   const size_t n_regions = num_regions();
2070   size_t stride = blk->parallel_region_stride();
2071   if (stride == 0 && active_workers > 1) {
2072     // Automatically derive the stride to balance the work between threads
2073     // evenly. Do not try to split work if below the reasonable threshold.
2074     constexpr size_t threshold = 4096;
2075     stride = n_regions <= threshold ?
2076             threshold :
2077             (n_regions + active_workers - 1) / active_workers;
2078   }
2079 
2080   if (n_regions > stride && active_workers > 1) {
2081     ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask task(blk, stride);
2082     workers()->run_task(&task);
2083   } else {
2084     heap_region_iterate(blk);
2085   }
2086 }
2087 
2088 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterator(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure) const {
2089   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask task(closure);
2090   workers()->run_task(&task);
2091 }
2092 
2093 class ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
2094 public:
2095   inline ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure(const char* name) : HandshakeClosure(name) {}
2096   inline void do_thread(Thread* thread) {}
2097 };
2098 
2099 void ShenandoahHeap::rendezvous_threads(const char* name) {
2100   ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure cl(name);
2101   Handshake::execute(&cl);
2102 }
2103 
2104 void ShenandoahHeap::recycle_trash() {
2105   free_set()->recycle_trash();
2106 }
2107 
2108 void ShenandoahHeap::do_class_unloading() {
2109   _unloader.unload();
2110   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2111     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2112   }
2113 }
2114 
2115 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_weak_refs(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2116   // Weak refs processing
2117   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ? ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_weakrefs
2118                                                 : ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_weakrefs;
2119   ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(phase);
2120   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2121   generation->ref_processor()->process_references(phase, workers(), false /* concurrent */);
2122 }
2123 
2124 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_update_heap_references() {
2125   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2126 
2127   // Evacuation is over, no GCLABs are needed anymore. GCLABs are under URWM, so we need to
2128   // make them parsable for update code to work correctly. Plus, we can compute new sizes
2129   // for future GCLABs here.
2130   if (UseTLAB) {
2131     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_init_update_refs_manage_gclabs);
2132     gclabs_retire(ResizeTLAB);
2133   }
2134 
2135   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
2136 }
2137 
2138 void ShenandoahHeap::propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads() {
2139   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2140   if (_gc_state_changed) {
2141     // If we are only marking old, we do not need to process young pointers
2142     ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_filter_out_young(
2143       is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress() && !is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()
2144     );
2145     ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
2146     Threads::threads_do(&propagator);
2147     _gc_state_changed = false;
2148   }
2149 }
2150 
2151 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_at_safepoint(uint mask, bool value) {
2152   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2153   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2154   _gc_state_changed = true;
2155 }
2156 
2157 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_concurrent(uint mask, bool value) {
2158   // Holding the thread lock here assures that any thread created after we change the gc
2159   // state will have the correct state. It also prevents attaching threads from seeing
2160   // an inconsistent state. See ShenandoahBarrierSet::on_thread_attach for reference. Established
2161   // threads will use their thread local copy of the gc state (changed by a handshake, or on a
2162   // safepoint).
2163   assert(Threads_lock->is_locked(), "Must hold thread lock for concurrent gc state change");
2164   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2165 }
2166 
2167 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2168   uint mask;
2169   assert(!has_forwarded_objects(), "Young marking is not concurrent with evacuation");
2170   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
2171     assert(mode()->is_generational(), "Only generational GC has old marking");
2172     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_old_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2173     // If old-marking is in progress when we turn off YOUNG_MARKING, leave MARKING (and OLD_MARKING) on
2174     mask = YOUNG_MARKING;
2175   } else {
2176     mask = MARKING | YOUNG_MARKING;
2177   }
2178   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(mask, in_progress);
2179   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2180 }
2181 
2182 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2183 #ifdef ASSERT
2184   // has_forwarded_objects() iff UPDATE_REFS or EVACUATION
2185   bool has_forwarded = has_forwarded_objects();
2186   bool updating_or_evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(UPDATE_REFS | EVACUATION);
2187   bool evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(EVACUATION);
2188   assert ((has_forwarded == updating_or_evacuating) || (evacuating && !has_forwarded && collection_set()->is_empty()),
2189           "Updating or evacuating iff has forwarded objects, or if evacuation phase is promoting in place without forwarding");
2190 #endif
2191   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()) {
2192     // If young-marking is in progress when we turn off OLD_MARKING, leave MARKING (and YOUNG_MARKING) on
2193     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_young_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2194     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2195   } else {
2196     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(MARKING | OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2197   }
2198   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2199 }
2200 
2201 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_prepare_for_old_mark_in_progress() const {
2202   return old_generation()->is_preparing_for_mark();
2203 }
2204 
2205 void ShenandoahHeap::manage_satb_barrier(bool active) {
2206   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
2207     // Ignore request to deactivate barrier while concurrent mark is in progress.
2208     // Do not attempt to re-activate the barrier if it is already active.
2209     if (active && !ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2210       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2211     }
2212   } else {
2213     // No concurrent marking is in progress so honor request to deactivate,
2214     // but only if the barrier is already active.
2215     if (!active && ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2216       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2217     }
2218   }
2219 }
2220 
2221 void ShenandoahHeap::set_evacuation_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2222   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Only call this at safepoint");
2223   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(EVACUATION, in_progress);
2224 }
2225 
2226 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2227   if (in_progress) {
2228     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.set();
2229   } else {
2230     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.unset();
2231   }
2232 }
2233 
2234 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(bool cond) {
2235   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, cond);
2236 }
2237 
2238 GCTracer* ShenandoahHeap::tracer() {
2239   return shenandoah_policy()->tracer();
2240 }
2241 
2242 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_used() const {
2243   return _free_set->used_not_holding_lock();
2244 }
2245 
2246 bool ShenandoahHeap::try_cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2247   const GCCause::Cause prev = _cancelled_gc.xchg(cause);
2248   return prev == GCCause::_no_gc || prev == GCCause::_shenandoah_concurrent_gc;
2249 }
2250 
2251 void ShenandoahHeap::cancel_concurrent_mark() {
2252   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2253     young_generation()->cancel_marking();
2254     old_generation()->cancel_marking();
2255   }
2256 
2257   global_generation()->cancel_marking();
2258 
2259   ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().abandon_partial_marking();
2260 }
2261 
2262 bool ShenandoahHeap::cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2263   if (try_cancel_gc(cause)) {
2264     FormatBuffer<> msg("Cancelling GC: %s", GCCause::to_string(cause));
2265     log_info(gc,thread)("%s", msg.buffer());
2266     Events::log(Thread::current(), "%s", msg.buffer());
2267     _cancel_requested_time = os::elapsedTime();
2268     return true;
2269   }
2270   return false;
2271 }
2272 
2273 uint ShenandoahHeap::max_workers() {
2274   return _max_workers;
2275 }
2276 
2277 void ShenandoahHeap::stop() {
2278   // The shutdown sequence should be able to terminate when GC is running.
2279 
2280   // Step 0. Notify policy to disable event recording and prevent visiting gc threads during shutdown
2281   _shenandoah_policy->record_shutdown();
2282 
2283   // Step 1. Stop reporting on gc thread cpu utilization
2284   mmu_tracker()->stop();
2285 
2286   // Step 2. Stop decaying allocation rate.
2287   _alloc_rate_decay.disenroll();
2288 
2289   // Step 3. Wait until GC worker exits normally (this will cancel any ongoing GC).
2290   control_thread()->stop();
2291 
2292   // Step 4. Shutdown uncommit thread.
2293   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2294     _uncommit_thread->stop();
2295   }
2296 }
2297 
2298 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_unload_classes(bool full_gc) {
2299   if (!unload_classes()) return;
2300   ClassUnloadingContext ctx(_workers->active_workers(),
2301                             true /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
2302                             false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
2303 
2304   // Unload classes and purge SystemDictionary.
2305   {
2306     ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ?
2307                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_class_unload :
2308                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_class_unload;
2309     ShenandoahIsAliveSelector is_alive;
2310     {
2311       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(is_alive.is_alive_closure());
2312       ShenandoahGCPhase gc_phase(phase);
2313       ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2314       bool unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(gc_timer());
2315 
2316       ShenandoahClassUnloadingTask unlink_task(phase, unloading_occurred);
2317       _workers->run_task(&unlink_task);
2318     }
2319     // Release unloaded nmethods's memory.
2320     ClassUnloadingContext::context()->purge_and_free_nmethods();
2321   }
2322 
2323   {
2324     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2325                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_cldg :
2326                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_cldg);
2327     ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
2328   }
2329   // Resize and verify metaspace
2330   MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
2331 
2332   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2333     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2334   }
2335 
2336   DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
2337 }
2338 
2339 // Weak roots are either pre-evacuated (final mark) or updated (final update refs),
2340 // so they should not have forwarded oops.
2341 // However, we do need to "null" dead oops in the roots, if can not be done
2342 // in concurrent cycles.
2343 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_process_weak_roots(bool full_gc) {
2344   uint num_workers = _workers->active_workers();
2345   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase timing_phase = full_gc ?
2346                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_weak_par :
2347                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_weak_par;
2348   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(timing_phase);
2349   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(timing_phase);
2350   // Cleanup weak roots
2351   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2352     ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2353     ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure keep_alive;
2354     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>
2355       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &keep_alive, num_workers);
2356     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2357   } else {
2358     ShenandoahIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2359 #ifdef ASSERT
2360     ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure verify_cl;
2361     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure>
2362       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &verify_cl, num_workers);
2363 #else
2364     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, DoNothingClosure>
2365       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &do_nothing_cl, num_workers);
2366 #endif
2367     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2368   }
2369 }
2370 
2371 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_cleaning(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2372   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2373   assert(is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only for Degenerated and Full GC");
2374   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2375                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge :
2376                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge);
2377   stw_weak_refs(generation, full_gc);
2378   stw_process_weak_roots(full_gc);
2379   stw_unload_classes(full_gc);
2380 }
2381 
2382 void ShenandoahHeap::set_has_forwarded_objects(bool cond) {
2383   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(HAS_FORWARDED, cond);
2384 }
2385 
2386 void ShenandoahHeap::set_unload_classes(bool uc) {
2387   _unload_classes.set_cond(uc);
2388 }
2389 
2390 bool ShenandoahHeap::unload_classes() const {
2391   return _unload_classes.is_set();
2392 }
2393 
2394 address ShenandoahHeap::in_cset_fast_test_addr() {
2395   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
2396   assert(heap->collection_set() != nullptr, "Sanity");
2397   return (address) heap->collection_set()->biased_map_address();
2398 }
2399 
2400 void ShenandoahHeap::set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2401   _degenerated_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2402 }
2403 
2404 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2405   _full_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2406 }
2407 
2408 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_move_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2409   assert (is_full_gc_in_progress(), "should be");
2410   _full_gc_move_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2411 }
2412 
2413 void ShenandoahHeap::set_update_refs_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2414   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(UPDATE_REFS, in_progress);
2415 }
2416 
2417 void ShenandoahHeap::register_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2418   ShenandoahCodeRoots::register_nmethod(nm);
2419 }
2420 
2421 void ShenandoahHeap::unregister_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2422   ShenandoahCodeRoots::unregister_nmethod(nm);
2423 }
2424 
2425 void ShenandoahHeap::pin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2426   heap_region_containing(o)->record_pin();
2427 }
2428 
2429 void ShenandoahHeap::unpin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2430   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(o);
2431   assert(r != nullptr, "Sanity");
2432   assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu should have non-zero pins", r->index());
2433   r->record_unpin();
2434 }
2435 
2436 void ShenandoahHeap::sync_pinned_region_status() {
2437   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2438 
2439   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2440     ShenandoahHeapRegion *r = get_region(i);
2441     if (r->is_active()) {
2442       if (r->is_pinned()) {
2443         if (r->pin_count() == 0) {
2444           r->make_unpinned();
2445         }
2446       } else {
2447         if (r->pin_count() > 0) {
2448           r->make_pinned();
2449         }
2450       }
2451     }
2452   }
2453 
2454   assert_pinned_region_status();
2455 }
2456 
2457 #ifdef ASSERT
2458 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status() const {
2459   assert_pinned_region_status(global_generation());
2460 }
2461 
2462 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) const {
2463   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2464     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2465     if (generation->contains(r)) {
2466       assert((r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() > 0) || (!r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() == 0),
2467              "Region %zu pinning status is inconsistent", i);
2468     }
2469   }
2470 }
2471 #endif
2472 
2473 ConcurrentGCTimer* ShenandoahHeap::gc_timer() const {
2474   return _gc_timer;
2475 }
2476 
2477 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_concurrent_roots() {
2478   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2479   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2480   set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(!collection_set()->is_empty());
2481   set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(true);
2482   if (unload_classes()) {
2483     _unloader.prepare();
2484   }
2485 }
2486 
2487 void ShenandoahHeap::finish_concurrent_roots() {
2488   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2489   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2490   if (unload_classes()) {
2491     _unloader.finish();
2492   }
2493 }
2494 
2495 #ifdef ASSERT
2496 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_gc_workers(uint nworkers) {
2497   assert(nworkers > 0 && nworkers <= max_workers(), "Sanity");
2498 
2499   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
2500     // Use ParallelGCThreads inside safepoints
2501     assert(nworkers == ParallelGCThreads, "Use ParallelGCThreads (%u) within safepoint, not %u",
2502            ParallelGCThreads, nworkers);
2503   } else {
2504     // Use ConcGCThreads outside safepoints
2505     assert(nworkers == ConcGCThreads, "Use ConcGCThreads (%u) outside safepoints, %u",
2506            ConcGCThreads, nworkers);
2507   }
2508 }
2509 #endif
2510 
2511 ShenandoahVerifier* ShenandoahHeap::verifier() {
2512   guarantee(ShenandoahVerify, "Should be enabled");
2513   assert (_verifier != nullptr, "sanity");
2514   return _verifier;
2515 }
2516 
2517 template<bool CONCURRENT>
2518 class ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask : public WorkerTask {
2519 private:
2520   ShenandoahHeap* _heap;
2521   ShenandoahRegionIterator* _regions;
2522 public:
2523   explicit ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask(ShenandoahRegionIterator* regions) :
2524     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Update References"),
2525     _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2526     _regions(regions) {
2527   }
2528 
2529   void work(uint worker_id) {
2530     if (CONCURRENT) {
2531       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2532       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2533       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
2534       do_work<ShenandoahConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2535     } else {
2536       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2537       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2538       do_work<ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2539     }
2540   }
2541 
2542 private:
2543   template<class T>
2544   void do_work(uint worker_id) {
2545     if (CONCURRENT && (worker_id == 0)) {
2546       // We ask the first worker to replenish the Mutator free set by moving regions previously reserved to hold the
2547       // results of evacuation.  These reserves are no longer necessary because evacuation has completed.
2548       size_t cset_regions = _heap->collection_set()->count();
2549 
2550       // Now that evacuation is done, we can reassign any regions that had been reserved to hold the results of evacuation
2551       // to the mutator free set.  At the end of GC, we will have cset_regions newly evacuated fully empty regions from
2552       // which we will be able to replenish the Collector free set and the OldCollector free set in preparation for the
2553       // next GC cycle.
2554       _heap->free_set()->move_regions_from_collector_to_mutator(cset_regions);
2555     }
2556     // If !CONCURRENT, there's no value in expanding Mutator free set
2557     T cl;
2558     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions->next();
2559     while (r != nullptr) {
2560       HeapWord* update_watermark = r->get_update_watermark();
2561       assert (update_watermark >= r->bottom(), "sanity");
2562       if (r->is_active() && !r->is_cset()) {
2563         _heap->marked_object_oop_iterate(r, &cl, update_watermark);
2564       }
2565       if (_heap->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(CONCURRENT)) {
2566         return;
2567       }
2568       r = _regions->next();
2569     }
2570   }
2571 };
2572 
2573 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_references(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
2574   assert(generation->is_global(), "Should only get global generation here");
2575   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2576 
2577   if (concurrent) {
2578     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<true> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2579     workers()->run_task(&task);
2580   } else {
2581     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<false> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2582     workers()->run_task(&task);
2583   }
2584 }
2585 
2586 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_region_states(bool concurrent) {
2587   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2588   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2589 
2590   {
2591     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2592                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_update_region_states :
2593                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_update_region_states);
2594 
2595     final_update_refs_update_region_states();
2596 
2597     assert_pinned_region_status();
2598   }
2599 
2600   {
2601     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2602                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_trash_cset :
2603                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_trash_cset);
2604     trash_cset_regions();
2605   }
2606 }
2607 
2608 void ShenandoahHeap::final_update_refs_update_region_states() {
2609   ShenandoahSynchronizePinnedRegionStates cl;
2610   parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
2611 }
2612 
2613 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set_within_phase() {
2614   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2615   size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count;
2616   _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count);
2617   // If there are no old regions, first_old_region will be greater than last_old_region
2618   assert((first_old_region > last_old_region) ||
2619          ((last_old_region + 1 - first_old_region >= old_region_count) &&
2620           get_region(first_old_region)->is_old() && get_region(last_old_region)->is_old()),
2621          "sanity: old_region_count: %zu, first_old_region: %zu, last_old_region: %zu",
2622          old_region_count, first_old_region, last_old_region);
2623 
2624   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2625 #ifdef ASSERT
2626     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
2627       verifier()->verify_before_rebuilding_free_set();
2628     }
2629 #endif
2630 
2631     // The computation of bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger is quite conservative so consider all of this
2632     // available for transfer to old. Note that transfer of humongous regions does not impact available.
2633     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2634     size_t allocation_runway =
2635       gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_trashed_regions);
2636     gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
2637   }
2638   // Rebuild free set based on adjusted generation sizes.
2639   _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, old_region_count);
2640 
2641   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2642     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2643     ShenandoahOldGeneration* old_gen = gen_heap->old_generation();
2644     old_gen->heuristics()->evaluate_triggers(first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count, num_regions());
2645   }
2646 }
2647 
2648 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set(bool concurrent) {
2649   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2650                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset :
2651                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset);
2652   rebuild_free_set_within_phase();
2653 }
2654 
2655 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_bitmap_slice_committed(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r, bool skip_self) {
2656   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2657 
2658   size_t regions_from = _bitmap_regions_per_slice * slice;
2659   size_t regions_to   = MIN2(num_regions(), _bitmap_regions_per_slice * (slice + 1));
2660   for (size_t g = regions_from; g < regions_to; g++) {
2661     assert (g / _bitmap_regions_per_slice == slice, "same slice");
2662     if (skip_self && g == r->index()) continue;
2663     if (get_region(g)->is_committed()) {
2664       return true;
2665     }
2666   }
2667   return false;
2668 }
2669 
2670 void ShenandoahHeap::commit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
2671   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2672   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2673 
2674   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2675     // Some other region from the group is already committed, meaning the bitmap
2676     // slice is already committed, we exit right away.
2677     return;
2678   }
2679 
2680   // Commit the bitmap slice:
2681   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2682   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2683   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2684   char* start = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2685 
2686   os::commit_memory_or_exit(start, len, false, "Unable to commit bitmap slice");
2687 
2688   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
2689     os::pretouch_memory(start, start + len, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
2690   }
2691 }
2692 
2693 void ShenandoahHeap::uncommit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion *r) {
2694   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2695   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2696 
2697   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2698     // Some other region from the group is still committed, meaning the bitmap
2699     // slice should stay committed, exit right away.
2700     return;
2701   }
2702 
2703   // Uncommit the bitmap slice:
2704   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2705   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2706   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2707 
2708   char* addr = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2709   os::uncommit_memory(addr, len);
2710 }
2711 
2712 void ShenandoahHeap::forbid_uncommit() {
2713   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2714     _uncommit_thread->forbid_uncommit();
2715   }
2716 }
2717 
2718 void ShenandoahHeap::allow_uncommit() {
2719   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2720     _uncommit_thread->allow_uncommit();
2721   }
2722 }
2723 
2724 #ifdef ASSERT
2725 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_uncommit_in_progress() {
2726   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2727     return _uncommit_thread->is_uncommit_in_progress();
2728   }
2729   return false;
2730 }
2731 #endif
2732 
2733 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_begin() {
2734   StackWatermarkSet::safepoint_synchronize_begin();
2735   SuspendibleThreadSet::synchronize();
2736 }
2737 
2738 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_end() {
2739   SuspendibleThreadSet::desynchronize();
2740 }
2741 
2742 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_alloc_failure() {
2743   if (ShenandoahAllocFailureALot && !cancelled_gc() && ((os::random() % 1000) > 950)) {
2744     _inject_alloc_failure.set();
2745     os::naked_short_sleep(1);
2746     if (cancelled_gc()) {
2747       log_info(gc)("Allocation failure was successfully injected");
2748     }
2749   }
2750 }
2751 
2752 bool ShenandoahHeap::should_inject_alloc_failure() {
2753   return _inject_alloc_failure.is_set() && _inject_alloc_failure.try_unset();
2754 }
2755 
2756 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_pin() {
2757   assert(!ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "try_inject_pin() must be called outside a safepoint.");
2758   assert(active_generation() != nullptr, "Active generation must be set before we inject pins.");
2759   assert(is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() || active_generation()->is_mark_complete(),
2760          "try_inject_pin() requires marking is in progress or has completed.");
2761   if (ShenandoahPinRegionRate && !cancelled_gc() && ((uintx)(os::random() % 1000) < ShenandoahPinRegionRate) &&
2762       _injected_pin_count < MAX_INJECTED_PINS) {
2763     const size_t idx = os::random() % num_regions();
2764     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2765     if ((r->is_regular() || r->is_humongous_start()) && r->has_live()) {
2766       r->record_pin();
2767       _injected_pin_indices[_injected_pin_count] = idx;
2768       _injected_pin_count++;
2769     }
2770   }
2771 }
2772 
2773 void ShenandoahHeap::release_injected_pins() {
2774   if (_injected_pin_count == 0) {
2775     return;
2776   }
2777 
2778   assert(_injected_pin_count <= MAX_INJECTED_PINS,
2779          "Injected pin count: %u exceeds max: %u.", _injected_pin_count, MAX_INJECTED_PINS);
2780   for (uint i = 0; i < _injected_pin_count; i++) {
2781     const size_t idx = _injected_pin_indices[i];
2782     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2783     assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu in tracker must contain a pin.", idx);
2784     r->record_unpin();
2785   }
2786   _injected_pin_count = 0;
2787 }
2788 
2789 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_serviceability() {
2790   _memory_pool = new ShenandoahMemoryPool(this);
2791   _cycle_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2792   _stw_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2793 }
2794 
2795 GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_managers() {
2796   GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> memory_managers(2);
2797   memory_managers.append(&_cycle_memory_manager);
2798   memory_managers.append(&_stw_memory_manager);
2799   return memory_managers;
2800 }
2801 
2802 GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_pools() {
2803   GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> memory_pools(1);
2804   memory_pools.append(_memory_pool);
2805   return memory_pools;
2806 }
2807 
2808 MemoryUsage ShenandoahHeap::memory_usage() {
2809   return shenandoah_memory_usage(_initial_size, used(), committed(), max_capacity());
2810 }
2811 
2812 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator() :
2813   _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2814   _index(0) {}
2815 
2816 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
2817   _heap(heap),
2818   _index(0) {}
2819 
2820 void ShenandoahRegionIterator::reset() {
2821   _index.store_relaxed(0);
2822 }
2823 
2824 bool ShenandoahRegionIterator::has_next() const {
2825   return _index.load_relaxed() < _heap->num_regions();
2826 }
2827 
2828 ShenandoahLiveData* ShenandoahHeap::get_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2829 #ifdef ASSERT
2830   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2831   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2832   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2833     assert(_liveness_cache[worker_id][i] == 0, "liveness cache should be empty");
2834   }
2835 #endif
2836   return _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2837 }
2838 
2839 void ShenandoahHeap::flush_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2840   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2841   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2842   ShenandoahLiveData* ld = _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2843   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2844     ShenandoahLiveData live = ld[i];
2845     if (live > 0) {
2846       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2847       r->increase_live_data_gc_words(live);
2848       ld[i] = 0;
2849     }
2850   }
2851 }
2852 
2853 bool ShenandoahHeap::requires_barriers(stackChunkOop obj) const {
2854   if (is_idle()) return false;
2855 
2856   // Objects allocated after marking start are implicitly alive, don't need any barriers during
2857   // marking phase.
2858   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() &&
2859      !marking_context()->allocated_after_mark_start(obj)) {
2860     return true;
2861   }
2862 
2863   // Can not guarantee obj is deeply good.
2864   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2865     return true;
2866   }
2867 
2868   return false;
2869 }
2870 
2871 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_loaded_archive_space(size_t size) {
2872 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2873   // CDS wants a raw continuous memory range to load a bunch of objects itself.
2874   // This is an unusual request, since all requested regions should be regular, not humongous.
2875   //
2876   // CDS would guarantee no objects straddle multiple regions, as long as regions are as large
2877   // as MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT.
2878   guarantee(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() >= AOTMappedHeapWriter::MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, "Must be");
2879 
2880   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_cds(size);
2881   return allocate_memory(req);
2882 #else
2883   assert(false, "Archive heap loader should not be available, should not be here");
2884   return nullptr;
2885 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2886 }
2887 
2888 void ShenandoahHeap::complete_loaded_archive_space(MemRegion archive_space) {
2889   // Nothing to do here, except checking that heap looks fine.
2890 #ifdef ASSERT
2891   HeapWord* start = archive_space.start();
2892   HeapWord* end = archive_space.end();
2893 
2894   // No unclaimed space between the objects.
2895   // Objects are properly allocated in correct regions.
2896   HeapWord* cur = start;
2897   while (cur < end) {
2898     oop oop = cast_to_oop(cur);
2899     shenandoah_assert_in_correct_region(nullptr, oop);
2900     cur += oop->size();
2901   }
2902 
2903   // No unclaimed tail at the end of archive space.
2904   assert(cur == end,
2905          "Archive space should be fully used: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2906          p2i(cur), p2i(end));
2907 
2908   // All regions in contiguous space have good state.
2909   size_t begin_reg_idx = heap_region_index_containing(start);
2910   size_t end_reg_idx   = heap_region_index_containing(end);
2911 
2912   for (size_t idx = begin_reg_idx; idx <= end_reg_idx; idx++) {
2913     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2914     assert(r->is_regular(), "Must be regular");
2915     assert(r->is_young(), "Must be young");
2916     assert(idx == end_reg_idx || r->top() == r->end(),
2917            "All regions except the last one should be full: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2918            p2i(r->top()), p2i(r->end()));
2919     assert(idx != begin_reg_idx || r->bottom() == start,
2920            "Archive space start should be at the bottom of first region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2921            p2i(r->bottom()), p2i(start));
2922     assert(idx != end_reg_idx || r->top() == end,
2923            "Archive space end should be at the top of last region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2924            p2i(r->top()), p2i(end));
2925   }
2926 
2927 #endif
2928 }
2929 
2930 ShenandoahGeneration* ShenandoahHeap::generation_for(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) const {
2931   if (!mode()->is_generational()) {
2932     return global_generation();
2933   } else if (affiliation == YOUNG_GENERATION) {
2934     return young_generation();
2935   } else if (affiliation == OLD_GENERATION) {
2936     return old_generation();
2937   }
2938 
2939   ShouldNotReachHere();
2940   return nullptr;
2941 }
2942 
2943 void ShenandoahHeap::log_heap_status(const char* msg) const {
2944   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2945     young_generation()->log_status(msg);
2946     old_generation()->log_status(msg);
2947   } else {
2948     global_generation()->log_status(msg);
2949   }
2950 }
2951 
2952 ShenandoahHeapLocker::ShenandoahHeapLocker(ShenandoahHeapLock* lock, bool allow_block_for_safepoint) : _lock(lock) {
2953 #ifdef ASSERT
2954   ShenandoahFreeSet* free_set = ShenandoahHeap::heap()->free_set();
2955   // free_set is nullptr only at pre-initialized state
2956   assert(free_set == nullptr || !free_set->rebuild_lock()->owned_by_self(), "Dead lock, can't acquire heap lock while holding free-set rebuild lock");
2957   assert(_lock != nullptr, "Must not");
2958 #endif
2959   _lock->lock(allow_block_for_safepoint);
2960 }