1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   5  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   6  *
   7  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   8  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  *
  25  */
  26 
  27 
  28 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/locationPrinter.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/memAllocator.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahOldHeuristics.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahYoungHeuristics.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahGenerationalMode.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahPassiveMode.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahSATBMode.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRate.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRequest.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBarrierSet.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahClosures.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCodeRoots.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectionSet.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  52 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentMark.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahControlThread.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalEvacuationTask.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGlobalGeneration.hpp"
  58 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionClosures.hpp"
  61 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionSet.hpp"
  62 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahInitLogger.hpp"
  63 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMarkingContext.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMemoryPool.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  66 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahObjArrayAllocator.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
  68 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPadding.hpp"
  69 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahParallelCleaning.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"
  71 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahReferenceProcessor.hpp"
  72 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahScanRemembered.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahStackWatermark.hpp"
  75 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahSTWMark.hpp"
  76 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUncommitThread.hpp"
  77 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
  80 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkGroup.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  83 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  84 #include "memory/classLoaderMetaspace.hpp"
  85 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  86 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  87 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  88 #include "nmt/mallocTracker.hpp"
  89 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  90 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  91 #include "prims/jvmtiTagMap.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
 100 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
 101 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 102 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 103 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
 105 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 106 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahJfrSupport.hpp"
 107 #endif
 108 
 109 class ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask : public WorkerTask {
 110 private:
 111   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 112   const size_t _page_size;
 113 public:
 114   ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask(size_t page_size) :
 115     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Heap"),
 116     _page_size(page_size) {}
 117 
 118   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 119     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 120     while (r != nullptr) {
 121       if (r->is_committed()) {
 122         os::pretouch_memory(r->bottom(), r->end(), _page_size);
 123       }
 124       r = _regions.next();
 125     }
 126   }
 127 };
 128 
 129 class ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask : public WorkerTask {
 130 private:
 131   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 132   char* _bitmap_base;
 133   const size_t _bitmap_size;
 134   const size_t _page_size;
 135 public:
 136   ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask(char* bitmap_base, size_t bitmap_size, size_t page_size) :
 137     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Bitmap"),
 138     _bitmap_base(bitmap_base),
 139     _bitmap_size(bitmap_size),
 140     _page_size(page_size) {}
 141 
 142   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 143     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 144     while (r != nullptr) {
 145       size_t start = r->index()       * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 146       size_t end   = (r->index() + 1) * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 147       assert (end <= _bitmap_size, "end is sane: %zu < %zu", end, _bitmap_size);
 148 
 149       if (r->is_committed()) {
 150         os::pretouch_memory(_bitmap_base + start, _bitmap_base + end, _page_size);
 151       }
 152 
 153       r = _regions.next();
 154     }
 155   }
 156 };
 157 
 158 static ReservedSpace reserve(size_t size, size_t preferred_page_size) {
 159   // When a page size is given we don't want to mix large
 160   // and normal pages. If the size is not a multiple of the
 161   // page size it will be aligned up to achieve this.
 162   size_t alignment = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
 163   if (preferred_page_size != os::vm_page_size()) {
 164     alignment = MAX2(preferred_page_size, alignment);
 165     size = align_up(size, alignment);
 166   }
 167 
 168   const ReservedSpace reserved = MemoryReserver::reserve(size, alignment, preferred_page_size, mtGC);
 169   if (!reserved.is_reserved()) {
 170     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve space");
 171   }
 172   return reserved;
 173 }
 174 
 175 jint ShenandoahHeap::initialize() {
 176   //
 177   // Figure out heap sizing
 178   //
 179 
 180   size_t init_byte_size = InitialHeapSize;
 181   size_t min_byte_size  = MinHeapSize;
 182   size_t max_byte_size  = MaxHeapSize;
 183   size_t heap_alignment = HeapAlignment;
 184 
 185   size_t reg_size_bytes = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 186 
 187   Universe::check_alignment(max_byte_size,  reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 188   Universe::check_alignment(init_byte_size, reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 189 
 190   _num_regions = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_count();
 191   assert(_num_regions == (max_byte_size / reg_size_bytes),
 192          "Regions should cover entire heap exactly: %zu != %zu/%zu",
 193          _num_regions, max_byte_size, reg_size_bytes);
 194 
 195   size_t num_committed_regions = init_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 196   num_committed_regions = MIN2(num_committed_regions, _num_regions);
 197   assert(num_committed_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 198   _initial_size = num_committed_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 199 
 200   size_t num_min_regions = min_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 201   num_min_regions = MIN2(num_min_regions, _num_regions);
 202   assert(num_min_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 203   _minimum_size = num_min_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 204 
 205   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(clamp(SoftMaxHeapSize, min_capacity(), max_capacity()));
 206 
 207   _committed.store_relaxed(_initial_size);
 208 
 209   size_t heap_page_size   = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 210   size_t bitmap_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 211   size_t region_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 212 
 213   //
 214   // Reserve and commit memory for heap
 215   //
 216 
 217   ReservedHeapSpace heap_rs = Universe::reserve_heap(max_byte_size, heap_alignment);
 218   initialize_reserved_region(heap_rs);
 219   _heap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*)heap_rs.base(), heap_rs.size() / HeapWordSize);
 220   _heap_region_special = heap_rs.special();
 221 
 222   assert((((size_t) base()) & ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_mask()) == 0,
 223          "Misaligned heap: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(base()));
 224   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Heap",
 225                                           max_byte_size, heap_alignment,
 226                                           heap_rs.base(),
 227                                           heap_rs.size(), heap_rs.page_size());
 228 
 229 #if SHENANDOAH_OPTIMIZED_MARKTASK
 230   // The optimized ShenandoahMarkTask takes some bits away from the full object bits.
 231   // Fail if we ever attempt to address more than we can.
 232   if ((uintptr_t)heap_rs.end() >= ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable()) {
 233     FormatBuffer<512> buf("Shenandoah reserved [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT") for the heap, \n"
 234                           "but max object address is " PTR_FORMAT ". Try to reduce heap size, or try other \n"
 235                           "VM options that allocate heap at lower addresses (HeapBaseMinAddress, AllocateHeapAt, etc).",
 236                 p2i(heap_rs.base()), p2i(heap_rs.end()), ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable());
 237     vm_exit_during_initialization("Fatal Error", buf);
 238   }
 239 #endif
 240 
 241   ReservedSpace sh_rs = heap_rs.first_part(max_byte_size);
 242   if (!_heap_region_special) {
 243     os::commit_memory_or_exit(sh_rs.base(), _initial_size, heap_alignment, false,
 244                               "Cannot commit heap memory");
 245   }
 246 
 247   BarrierSet::set_barrier_set(new ShenandoahBarrierSet(this, _heap_region));
 248 
 249   // Now we know the number of regions and heap sizes, initialize the heuristics.
 250   initialize_heuristics();
 251 
 252   // If ShenandoahCardBarrier is enabled but it's not generational mode
 253   // it means we're under passive mode and we have to initialize old gen
 254   // for the purpose of having card table.
 255   if (ShenandoahCardBarrier && !(mode()->is_generational())) {
 256     _old_generation = new ShenandoahOldGeneration(max_workers());
 257   }
 258 
 259   assert(_heap_region.byte_size() == heap_rs.size(), "Need to know reserved size for card table");
 260 
 261   //
 262   // Worker threads must be initialized after the barrier is configured
 263   //
 264   _workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("ShenWorker", _max_workers);
 265   if (_workers == nullptr) {
 266     vm_exit_during_initialization("Failed necessary allocation.");
 267   } else {
 268     _workers->initialize_workers();
 269   }
 270 
 271   if (ParallelGCThreads > 1) {
 272     _safepoint_workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("Safepoint Cleanup Thread", ParallelGCThreads);
 273     _safepoint_workers->initialize_workers();
 274   }
 275 
 276   //
 277   // Reserve and commit memory for bitmap(s)
 278   //
 279 
 280   size_t bitmap_size_orig = ShenandoahMarkBitMap::compute_size(heap_rs.size());
 281   _bitmap_size = align_up(bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size);
 282 
 283   size_t bitmap_bytes_per_region = reg_size_bytes / ShenandoahMarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 284 
 285   guarantee(bitmap_bytes_per_region != 0,
 286             "Bitmap bytes per region should not be zero");
 287   guarantee(is_power_of_2(bitmap_bytes_per_region),
 288             "Bitmap bytes per region should be power of two: %zu", bitmap_bytes_per_region);
 289 
 290   if (bitmap_page_size > bitmap_bytes_per_region) {
 291     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = bitmap_page_size / bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 292     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_page_size;
 293   } else {
 294     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = 1;
 295     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 296   }
 297 
 298   guarantee(_bitmap_regions_per_slice >= 1,
 299             "Should have at least one region per slice: %zu",
 300             _bitmap_regions_per_slice);
 301 
 302   guarantee(((_bitmap_bytes_per_slice) % bitmap_page_size) == 0,
 303             "Bitmap slices should be page-granular: bps = %zu, page size = %zu",
 304             _bitmap_bytes_per_slice, bitmap_page_size);
 305 
 306   ReservedSpace bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 307   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Mark Bitmap",
 308                                           bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 309                                           bitmap.base(),
 310                                           bitmap.size(), bitmap.page_size());
 311   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(bitmap, mtGC);
 312   _bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) bitmap.base(), bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 313   _bitmap_region_special = bitmap.special();
 314 
 315   size_t bitmap_init_commit = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice *
 316     align_up(num_committed_regions, _bitmap_regions_per_slice) / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
 317   bitmap_init_commit = MIN2(_bitmap_size, bitmap_init_commit);
 318   if (!_bitmap_region_special) {
 319     os::commit_memory_or_exit((char *) _bitmap_region.start(), bitmap_init_commit, bitmap_page_size, false,
 320                               "Cannot commit bitmap memory");
 321   }
 322 
 323   _marking_context = new ShenandoahMarkingContext(_heap_region, _bitmap_region, _num_regions);
 324 
 325   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 326     ReservedSpace verify_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 327     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Verify Bitmap",
 328                                             bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 329                                             verify_bitmap.base(),
 330                                             verify_bitmap.size(), verify_bitmap.page_size());
 331     if (!verify_bitmap.special()) {
 332       os::commit_memory_or_exit(verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size(), bitmap_page_size, false,
 333                                 "Cannot commit verification bitmap memory");
 334     }
 335     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(verify_bitmap, mtGC);
 336     MemRegion verify_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord *) verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 337     _verification_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, verify_bitmap_region);
 338     _verifier = new ShenandoahVerifier(this, &_verification_bit_map);
 339   }
 340 
 341   // Reserve aux bitmap for use in object_iterate(). We don't commit it here.
 342   size_t aux_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 343 
 344   ReservedSpace aux_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, aux_bitmap_page_size);
 345   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Aux Bitmap",
 346                                           bitmap_size_orig, aux_bitmap_page_size,
 347                                           aux_bitmap.base(),
 348                                           aux_bitmap.size(), aux_bitmap.page_size());
 349   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(aux_bitmap, mtGC);
 350   _aux_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) aux_bitmap.base(), aux_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 351   _aux_bitmap_region_special = aux_bitmap.special();
 352   _aux_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, _aux_bitmap_region);
 353 
 354   //
 355   // Create regions and region sets
 356   //
 357   size_t region_align = align_up(sizeof(ShenandoahHeapRegion), SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
 358   size_t region_storage_size_orig = region_align * _num_regions;
 359   size_t region_storage_size = align_up(region_storage_size_orig,
 360                                         MAX2(region_page_size, os::vm_allocation_granularity()));
 361 
 362   ReservedSpace region_storage = reserve(region_storage_size, region_page_size);
 363   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Region Storage",
 364                                           region_storage_size_orig, region_page_size,
 365                                           region_storage.base(),
 366                                           region_storage.size(), region_storage.page_size());
 367   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(region_storage, mtGC);
 368   if (!region_storage.special()) {
 369     os::commit_memory_or_exit(region_storage.base(), region_storage_size, region_page_size, false,
 370                               "Cannot commit region memory");
 371   }
 372 
 373   // Try to fit the collection set bitmap at lower addresses. This optimizes code generation for cset checks.
 374   // Go up until a sensible limit (subject to encoding constraints) and try to reserve the space there.
 375   // If not successful, bite a bullet and allocate at whatever address.
 376   {
 377     const size_t cset_align = MAX2<size_t>(os::vm_page_size(), os::vm_allocation_granularity());
 378     const size_t cset_size = align_up(((size_t) sh_rs.base() + sh_rs.size()) >> ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_shift(), cset_align);
 379     const size_t cset_page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 380 
 381     uintptr_t min = round_up_power_of_2(cset_align);
 382     uintptr_t max = (1u << 30u);
 383     ReservedSpace cset_rs;
 384 
 385     for (uintptr_t addr = min; addr <= max; addr <<= 1u) {
 386       char* req_addr = (char*)addr;
 387       assert(is_aligned(req_addr, cset_align), "Should be aligned");
 388       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(req_addr, cset_size, cset_align, cset_page_size, mtGC);
 389       if (cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 390         assert(cset_rs.base() == req_addr, "Allocated where requested: " PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset_rs.base()), addr);
 391         _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 392         break;
 393       }
 394     }
 395 
 396     if (_collection_set == nullptr) {
 397       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(cset_size, cset_align, os::vm_page_size(), mtGC);
 398       if (!cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 399         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot reserve memory for collection set");
 400       }
 401 
 402       _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 403     }
 404     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Collection Set",
 405                                             cset_size, cset_page_size,
 406                                             cset_rs.base(),
 407                                             cset_rs.size(), cset_rs.page_size());
 408   }
 409 
 410   _regions = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahHeapRegion*, _num_regions, mtGC);
 411   _affiliations = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(uint8_t, _num_regions, mtGC);
 412 
 413   {
 414     ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
 415     for (size_t i = 0; i < _num_regions; i++) {
 416       HeapWord* start = (HeapWord*)sh_rs.base() + ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_words() * i;
 417       bool is_committed = i < num_committed_regions;
 418       void* loc = region_storage.base() + i * region_align;
 419 
 420       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = new (loc) ShenandoahHeapRegion(start, i, is_committed);
 421       assert(is_aligned(r, SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE), "Sanity");
 422 
 423       _marking_context->initialize_top_at_mark_start(r);
 424       _regions[i] = r;
 425       assert(!collection_set()->is_in(i), "New region should not be in collection set");
 426 
 427       _affiliations[i] = ShenandoahAffiliation::FREE;
 428     }
 429 
 430     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 431       size_t young_reserve = (soft_max_capacity() * ShenandoahEvacReserve) / 100;
 432       young_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve(young_reserve);
 433       old_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve((size_t) 0);
 434       old_generation()->set_promoted_reserve((size_t) 0);
 435     }
 436 
 437     _free_set = new ShenandoahFreeSet(this, _num_regions);
 438     initialize_generations();
 439 
 440     // We are initializing free set.  We ignore cset region tallies.
 441     size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old;
 442     _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old);
 443     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 444       ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
 445       // We cannot call
 446       //  gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_cset_regions)
 447       // until after the heap is fully initialized.  So we make up a safe value here.
 448       size_t allocation_runway = InitialHeapSize / 2;
 449       gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
 450     }
 451     _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, num_old);
 452   }
 453 
 454   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
 455     // For NUMA, it is important to pre-touch the storage under bitmaps with worker threads,
 456     // before initialize() below zeroes it with initializing thread. For any given region,
 457     // we touch the region and the corresponding bitmaps from the same thread.
 458     ShenandoahPushWorkerScope scope(workers(), _max_workers, false);
 459 
 460     _pretouch_heap_page_size = heap_page_size;
 461     _pretouch_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 462 
 463     // OS memory managers may want to coalesce back-to-back pages. Make their jobs
 464     // simpler by pre-touching continuous spaces (heap and bitmap) separately.
 465 
 466     ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask bcl(bitmap.base(), _bitmap_size, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
 467     _workers->run_task(&bcl);
 468 
 469     ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask hcl(_pretouch_heap_page_size);
 470     _workers->run_task(&hcl);
 471   }
 472 
 473   //
 474   // Initialize the rest of GC subsystems
 475   //
 476 
 477   _liveness_cache = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData*, _max_workers, mtGC);
 478   for (uint worker = 0; worker < _max_workers; worker++) {
 479     _liveness_cache[worker] = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData, _num_regions, mtGC);
 480     Copy::fill_to_bytes(_liveness_cache[worker], _num_regions * sizeof(ShenandoahLiveData));
 481   }
 482 
 483   // There should probably be Shenandoah-specific options for these,
 484   // just as there are G1-specific options.
 485   {
 486     ShenandoahSATBMarkQueueSet& satbqs = ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set();
 487     satbqs.set_process_completed_buffers_threshold(20); // G1SATBProcessCompletedThreshold
 488     satbqs.set_buffer_enqueue_threshold_percentage(60); // G1SATBBufferEnqueueingThresholdPercent
 489   }
 490 
 491   _monitoring_support = new ShenandoahMonitoringSupport(this);
 492   _phase_timings = new ShenandoahPhaseTimings(max_workers());
 493   ShenandoahCodeRoots::initialize();
 494 
 495   // Initialization of controller makes use of variables established by initialize_heuristics.
 496   initialize_controller();
 497 
 498   // Certain initialization of heuristics must be deferred until after controller is initialized.
 499   post_initialize_heuristics();
 500   start_idle_span();
 501   if (ShenandoahUncommit) {
 502     _uncommit_thread = new ShenandoahUncommitThread(this);
 503   }
 504   print_init_logger();
 505   FullGCForwarding::initialize(_heap_region);
 506   return JNI_OK;
 507 }
 508 
 509 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_controller() {
 510   _control_thread = new ShenandoahControlThread();
 511 }
 512 
 513 void ShenandoahHeap::print_init_logger() const {
 514   ShenandoahInitLogger::print();
 515 }
 516 
 517 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_mode() {
 518   if (ShenandoahGCMode != nullptr) {
 519     if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "satb") == 0) {
 520       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahSATBMode();
 521     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "passive") == 0) {
 522       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahPassiveMode();
 523     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "generational") == 0) {
 524       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahGenerationalMode();
 525     } else {
 526       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option");
 527     }
 528   } else {
 529     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option (null)");
 530   }
 531   _gc_mode->initialize_flags();
 532   if (_gc_mode->is_diagnostic() && !UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions) {
 533     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 534             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is diagnostic, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions.",
 535                     _gc_mode->name()));
 536   }
 537   if (_gc_mode->is_experimental() && !UnlockExperimentalVMOptions) {
 538     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 539             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is experimental, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions.",
 540                     _gc_mode->name()));
 541   }
 542 }
 543 
 544 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_heuristics() {
 545   _global_generation = new ShenandoahGlobalGeneration(mode()->is_generational(), max_workers());
 546   _global_generation->initialize_heuristics(mode());
 547 }
 548 
 549 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 550 #pragma warning( push )
 551 #pragma warning( disable:4355 ) // 'this' : used in base member initializer list
 552 #endif
 553 
 554 ShenandoahHeap::ShenandoahHeap(ShenandoahCollectorPolicy* policy) :
 555   CollectedHeap(),
 556   _active_generation(nullptr),
 557   _initial_size(0),
 558   _committed(0),
 559   _alloc_rate_decay(&_alloc_rate),
 560   _max_workers(MAX3(ConcGCThreads, ParallelGCThreads, 1U)),
 561   _workers(nullptr),
 562   _safepoint_workers(nullptr),
 563   _heap_region_special(false),
 564   _num_regions(0),
 565   _regions(nullptr),
 566   _affiliations(nullptr),
 567   _gc_state_changed(false),
 568   _gc_no_progress_count(0),
 569   _cancel_requested_time(0),
 570   _update_refs_iterator(this),
 571   _global_generation(nullptr),
 572   _control_thread(nullptr),
 573   _uncommit_thread(nullptr),
 574   _young_generation(nullptr),
 575   _old_generation(nullptr),
 576   _shenandoah_policy(policy),
 577   _gc_mode(nullptr),
 578   _free_set(nullptr),
 579   _verifier(nullptr),
 580   _phase_timings(nullptr),
 581   _monitoring_support(nullptr),
 582   _memory_pool(nullptr),
 583   _stw_memory_manager("Shenandoah Pauses"),
 584   _cycle_memory_manager("Shenandoah Cycles"),
 585   _gc_timer(new ConcurrentGCTimer()),
 586   _log_min_obj_alignment_in_bytes(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes),
 587   _marking_context(nullptr),
 588   _bitmap_size(0),
 589   _bitmap_regions_per_slice(0),
 590   _bitmap_bytes_per_slice(0),
 591   _bitmap_region_special(false),
 592   _aux_bitmap_region_special(false),
 593   _liveness_cache(nullptr),
 594   _collection_set(nullptr),
 595   _evac_tracker(new ShenandoahEvacuationTracker())
 596 {
 597   // Initialize GC mode early, many subsequent initialization procedures depend on it
 598   initialize_mode();
 599   _cancelled_gc.set(GCCause::_no_gc);
 600 }
 601 
 602 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 603 #pragma warning( pop )
 604 #endif
 605 
 606 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_on(outputStream* st) const {
 607   const bool is_generational = mode()->is_generational();
 608   const char* front_spacing = "";
 609   if (is_generational) {
 610     st->print_cr("Generational Shenandoah Heap");
 611     st->print_cr(" Young:");
 612     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->used()));
 613     st->print_cr(" Old:");
 614     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->used()));
 615     st->print_cr(" Entire heap:");
 616     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed",
 617                 PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(committed()));
 618     front_spacing = " ";
 619   } else {
 620     st->print_cr("Shenandoah Heap");
 621     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed, " PROPERFMT " used",
 622       PROPERFMTARGS(max_capacity()),
 623       PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()),
 624       PROPERFMTARGS(committed()),
 625       PROPERFMTARGS(used())
 626     );
 627   }
 628   st->print_cr("%s %zu x " PROPERFMT " regions",
 629           front_spacing,
 630           num_regions(),
 631           PROPERFMTARGS(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes()));
 632 
 633   st->print("Status: ");
 634   if (has_forwarded_objects())                 st->print("has forwarded objects, ");
 635   if (!is_generational) {
 636     if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress())      st->print("marking,");
 637   } else {
 638     if (is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress())    st->print("old marking, ");
 639     if (is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress())  st->print("young marking, ");
 640   }
 641   if (is_evacuation_in_progress())             st->print("evacuating, ");
 642   if (is_update_refs_in_progress())            st->print("updating refs, ");
 643   if (is_degenerated_gc_in_progress())         st->print("degenerated gc, ");
 644   if (is_full_gc_in_progress())                st->print("full gc, ");
 645   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress())           st->print("full gc move, ");
 646   if (is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())   st->print("concurrent weak roots, ");
 647   if (is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress() &&
 648       !is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())  st->print("concurrent strong roots, ");
 649 
 650   if (cancelled_gc()) {
 651     st->print("cancelled");
 652   } else {
 653     st->print("not cancelled");
 654   }
 655   st->cr();
 656 
 657   st->print_cr("Reserved region:");
 658   st->print_cr(" - [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT ") ",
 659                p2i(reserved_region().start()),
 660                p2i(reserved_region().end()));
 661 
 662   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cset = collection_set();
 663   st->print_cr("Collection set:");
 664   if (cset != nullptr) {
 665     st->print_cr(" - map (vanilla): " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->map_address()));
 666     st->print_cr(" - map (biased):  " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->biased_map_address()));
 667   } else {
 668     st->print_cr(" (null)");
 669   }
 670 
 671   st->cr();
 672 
 673   if (Verbose) {
 674     st->cr();
 675     print_heap_regions_on(st);
 676   }
 677 }
 678 
 679 void ShenandoahHeap::print_gc_on(outputStream* st) const {
 680   print_heap_regions_on(st);
 681 }
 682 
 683 class ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 684 public:
 685   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 686     assert(thread != nullptr, "Sanity");
 687     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::initialize_gclab(thread);
 688   }
 689 };
 690 
 691 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_generations() {
 692   _global_generation->post_initialize(this);
 693 }
 694 
 695 // We do not call this explicitly  It is called by Hotspot infrastructure.
 696 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize() {
 697   CollectedHeap::post_initialize();
 698 
 699   check_soft_max_changed();
 700 
 701   // Schedule periodic task to report on gc thread CPU utilization
 702   _mmu_tracker.initialize();
 703 
 704   // Periodically decay allocation rate to compensate for not being updated when allocation rate
 705   // is low. Heuristics are evaluated unconditionally from a dedicated thread so it will continue
 706   // to see the last (possibly stale) allocation rate if the allocation rate is low.
 707   _alloc_rate_decay.enroll();
 708 
 709   MutexLocker ml(Threads_lock);
 710 
 711   ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure init_gclabs;
 712   _workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 713 
 714   // gclab can not be initialized early during VM startup, as it can not determinate its max_size.
 715   // Now, we will let WorkerThreads to initialize gclab when new worker is created.
 716   _workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 717 
 718   // Note that the safepoint workers may require gclabs if the threads are used to create a heap dump
 719   // during a concurrent evacuation phase.
 720   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
 721     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 722     _safepoint_workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 723   }
 724 
 725   JFR_ONLY(ShenandoahJFRSupport::register_jfr_type_serializers();)
 726 }
 727 
 728 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize_heuristics() {
 729   _global_generation->post_initialize_heuristics();
 730 }
 731 
 732 ShenandoahHeuristics* ShenandoahHeap::heuristics() {
 733   return _global_generation->heuristics();
 734 }
 735 
 736 size_t ShenandoahHeap::used() const {
 737   return global_generation()->used();
 738 }
 739 
 740 size_t ShenandoahHeap::committed() const {
 741   return _committed.load_relaxed();
 742 }
 743 
 744 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_committed(size_t bytes) {
 745   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 746   _committed.fetch_then_add(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 747 }
 748 
 749 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_committed(size_t bytes) {
 750   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 751   _committed.fetch_then_sub(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 752 }
 753 
 754 size_t ShenandoahHeap::capacity() const {
 755   return committed();
 756 }
 757 
 758 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_capacity() const {
 759   return _num_regions * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 760 }
 761 
 762 size_t ShenandoahHeap::soft_max_capacity() const {
 763   size_t v = _soft_max_size.load_relaxed();
 764   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 765          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 766          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 767   return v;
 768 }
 769 
 770 void ShenandoahHeap::set_soft_max_capacity(size_t v) {
 771   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 772          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 773          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 774   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(v);
 775   heuristics()->compute_headroom_adjustment();
 776 }
 777 
 778 size_t ShenandoahHeap::min_capacity() const {
 779   return _minimum_size;
 780 }
 781 
 782 size_t ShenandoahHeap::initial_capacity() const {
 783   return _initial_size;
 784 }
 785 
 786 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_in(const void* p) const {
 787   if (!is_in_reserved(p)) {
 788     return false;
 789   }
 790 
 791   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress()) {
 792     // Full GC move is running, we do not have a consistent region
 793     // information yet. But we know the pointer is in heap.
 794     return true;
 795   }
 796 
 797   // Now check if we point to a live section in active region.
 798   const ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
 799   if (p >= r->top()) {
 800     return false;
 801   }
 802 
 803   if (r->is_active()) {
 804     return true;
 805   }
 806 
 807   // The region is trash, but won't be recycled until after concurrent weak
 808   // roots. We also don't allow mutators to allocate from trash regions
 809   // during weak roots. Concurrent class unloading may access unmarked oops
 810   // in trash regions.
 811   return r->is_trash() && is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress();
 812 }
 813 
 814 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_soft_max_changed() {
 815   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 816     _uncommit_thread->notify_soft_max_changed();
 817   }
 818 }
 819 
 820 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_explicit_gc_requested() {
 821   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 822     _uncommit_thread->notify_explicit_gc_requested();
 823   }
 824 }
 825 
 826 bool ShenandoahHeap::check_soft_max_changed() {
 827   size_t new_soft_max = AtomicAccess::load(&SoftMaxHeapSize);
 828   size_t old_soft_max = soft_max_capacity();
 829   if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 830     new_soft_max = clamp(new_soft_max, min_capacity(), max_capacity());
 831     if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 832       log_info(gc)("Soft Max Heap Size: %zu%s -> %zu%s",
 833                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(old_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(old_soft_max),
 834                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(new_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(new_soft_max)
 835       );
 836       set_soft_max_capacity(new_soft_max);
 837       return true;
 838     }
 839   }
 840   return false;
 841 }
 842 
 843 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_heap_changed() {
 844   // Update monitoring counters when we took a new region. This amortizes the
 845   // update costs on slow path.
 846   monitoring_support()->notify_heap_changed();
 847   _heap_changed.try_set();
 848 }
 849 
 850 void ShenandoahHeap::start_idle_span() {
 851   heuristics()->start_idle_span();
 852 }
 853 
 854 void ShenandoahHeap::set_forced_counters_update(bool value) {
 855   monitoring_support()->set_forced_counters_update(value);
 856 }
 857 
 858 void ShenandoahHeap::handle_force_counters_update() {
 859   monitoring_support()->handle_force_counters_update();
 860 }
 861 
 862 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_from_gclab_slow(Thread* thread, size_t size) {
 863   // New object should fit the GCLAB size
 864   size_t min_size = MAX2(size, PLAB::min_size());
 865 
 866   // Figure out size of new GCLAB, looking back at heuristics. Expand aggressively.
 867   size_t new_size = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) * 2;
 868 
 869   new_size = MIN2(new_size, PLAB::max_size());
 870   new_size = MAX2(new_size, PLAB::min_size());
 871 
 872   // Record new heuristic value even if we take any shortcut. This captures
 873   // the case when moderately-sized objects always take a shortcut. At some point,
 874   // heuristics should catch up with them.
 875   log_debug(gc, free)("Set new GCLAB size: %zu", new_size);
 876   ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, new_size);
 877 
 878   if (new_size < size) {
 879     // New size still does not fit the object. Fall back to shared allocation.
 880     // This avoids retiring perfectly good GCLABs, when we encounter a large object.
 881     log_debug(gc, free)("New gclab size (%zu) is too small for %zu", new_size, size);
 882     return nullptr;
 883   }
 884 
 885   // Retire current GCLAB, and allocate a new one.
 886   PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
 887   gclab->retire();
 888 
 889   size_t actual_size = 0;
 890   HeapWord* gclab_buf = allocate_new_gclab(min_size, new_size, &actual_size);
 891   if (gclab_buf == nullptr) {
 892     return nullptr;
 893   }
 894 
 895   assert (size <= actual_size, "allocation should fit");
 896 
 897   // ...and clear or zap just allocated TLAB, if needed.
 898   if (ZeroTLAB) {
 899     Copy::zero_to_words(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 900   } else if (ZapTLAB) {
 901     // Skip mangling the space corresponding to the object header to
 902     // ensure that the returned space is not considered parsable by
 903     // any concurrent GC thread.
 904     size_t hdr_size = oopDesc::header_size();
 905     Copy::fill_to_words(gclab_buf + hdr_size, actual_size - hdr_size, badHeapWordVal);
 906   }
 907   gclab->set_buf(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 908   return gclab->allocate(size);
 909 }
 910 
 911 // Called from stubs in JIT code or interpreter
 912 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_tlab(size_t min_size,
 913                                             size_t requested_size,
 914                                             size_t* actual_size) {
 915   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_tlab(min_size, requested_size);
 916   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 917   if (res != nullptr) {
 918     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 919   } else {
 920     *actual_size = 0;
 921   }
 922   return res;
 923 }
 924 
 925 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_gclab(size_t min_size,
 926                                              size_t word_size,
 927                                              size_t* actual_size) {
 928   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_gclab(min_size, word_size);
 929   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 930   if (res != nullptr) {
 931     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 932   } else {
 933     *actual_size = 0;
 934   }
 935   return res;
 936 }
 937 
 938 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req) {
 939   bool in_new_region = false;
 940   HeapWord* result = nullptr;
 941 
 942   if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
 943 
 944     if (!ShenandoahAllocFailureALot || !should_inject_alloc_failure()) {
 945       result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 946     }
 947 
 948     // Check that gc overhead is not exceeded.
 949     //
 950     // Shenandoah will grind along for quite a while allocating one
 951     // object at a time using shared (non-tlab) allocations. This check
 952     // is testing that the GC overhead limit has not been exceeded.
 953     // This will notify the collector to start a cycle, but will raise
 954     // an OOME to the mutator if the last Full GCs have not made progress.
 955     // gc_no_progress_count is incremented following each degen or full GC that fails to achieve is_good_progress().
 956     if (result == nullptr && !req.is_lab_alloc() && get_gc_no_progress_count() > ShenandoahNoProgressThreshold) {
 957       control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, false);
 958       req.set_actual_size(0);
 959       return nullptr;
 960     }
 961 
 962     if (result == nullptr) {
 963       // Block until control thread reacted, then retry allocation.
 964       //
 965       // It might happen that one of the threads requesting allocation would unblock
 966       // way later after GC happened, only to fail the second allocation, because
 967       // other threads have already depleted the free storage. In this case, a better
 968       // strategy is to try again, until at least one full GC has completed.
 969       //
 970       // Stop retrying and return nullptr to cause OOMError exception if our allocation failed even after:
 971       //   a) We experienced a GC that had good progress, or
 972       //   b) We experienced at least one Full GC (whether or not it had good progress)
 973 
 974       const size_t original_count = shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count();
 975       while (result == nullptr && should_retry_allocation(original_count)) {
 976         control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, true);
 977         result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 978       }
 979       if (result != nullptr) {
 980         // If our allocation request has been satisfied after it initially failed, we count this as good gc progress
 981         notify_gc_progress();
 982       }
 983       if (log_develop_is_enabled(Debug, gc, alloc)) {
 984         ResourceMark rm;
 985         log_debug(gc, alloc)("Thread: %s, Result: " PTR_FORMAT ", Request: %s, Size: %zu"
 986                              ", Original: %zu, Latest: %zu",
 987                              Thread::current()->name(), p2i(result), req.type_string(), req.size(),
 988                              original_count, get_gc_no_progress_count());
 989       }
 990     }
 991   } else {
 992     assert(req.is_gc_alloc(), "Can only accept GC allocs here");
 993     result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 994     // Do not call handle_alloc_failure() here, because we cannot block.
 995     // The allocation failure would be handled by the LRB slowpath with handle_alloc_failure_evac().
 996   }
 997 
 998   if (in_new_region) {
 999     notify_heap_changed();
1000   }
1001 
1002   if (result == nullptr) {
1003     req.set_actual_size(0);
1004   }
1005 
1006   if (result != nullptr) {
1007     size_t requested = req.size();
1008     size_t actual = req.actual_size();
1009 
1010     assert (req.is_lab_alloc() || (requested == actual),
1011             "Only LAB allocations are elastic: %s, requested = %zu, actual = %zu",
1012             req.type_string(), requested, actual);
1013   }
1014 
1015   return result;
1016 }
1017 
1018 inline bool ShenandoahHeap::should_retry_allocation(size_t original_full_gc_count) const {
1019   return shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count() == original_full_gc_count
1020       && !shenandoah_policy()->is_at_shutdown();
1021 }
1022 
1023 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory_under_lock(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req, bool& in_new_region) {
1024   // If we are dealing with mutator allocation, then we may need to block for safepoint.
1025   // We cannot block for safepoint for GC allocations, because there is a high chance
1026   // we are already running at safepoint or from stack watermark machinery, and we cannot
1027   // block again.
1028   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock(), req.is_mutator_alloc());
1029 
1030   // Make sure the old generation has room for either evacuations or promotions before trying to allocate.
1031   if (req.is_old() && !old_generation()->can_allocate(req)) {
1032     return nullptr;
1033   }
1034 
1035   // If TLAB request size is greater than available, allocate() will attempt to downsize request to fit within available
1036   // memory.
1037   HeapWord* result = _free_set->allocate(req, in_new_region);
1038 
1039   if (result != nullptr) {
1040     if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
1041       _alloc_rate.allocated((req.actual_size() + req.waste()) * HeapWordSize);
1042     }
1043 
1044     if (req.is_old()) {
1045       if (req.is_lab_alloc()) {
1046         old_generation()->configure_plab_for_current_thread(req);
1047       } else if (req.is_promotion()) {
1048         const size_t actual_size = req.actual_size() * HeapWordSize;
1049         log_debug(gc, plab)("Expend shared promotion of %zu bytes", actual_size);
1050         old_generation()->expend_promoted(actual_size);
1051       }
1052     }
1053   }
1054 
1055   return result;
1056 }
1057 
1058 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::mem_allocate(size_t size) {
1059   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared(size);
1060   return allocate_memory(req);
1061 }
1062 
1063 oop ShenandoahHeap::array_allocate(Klass* klass, size_t size, int length, bool do_zero, TRAPS) {
1064   ShenandoahObjArrayAllocator allocator(klass, size, length, do_zero, THREAD);
1065   return allocator.allocate();
1066 }
1067 
1068 MetaWord* ShenandoahHeap::satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
1069                                                              size_t size,
1070                                                              Metaspace::MetadataType mdtype) {
1071   MetaWord* result;
1072 
1073   // Inform metaspace OOM to GC heuristics if class unloading is possible.
1074   ShenandoahHeuristics* h = global_generation()->heuristics();
1075   if (h->can_unload_classes()) {
1076     h->record_metaspace_oom();
1077   }
1078 
1079   // Expand and retry allocation
1080   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1081   if (result != nullptr) {
1082     return result;
1083   }
1084 
1085   // Start full GC
1086   collect(GCCause::_metadata_GC_clear_soft_refs);
1087 
1088   // Retry allocation
1089   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->allocate(size, mdtype);
1090   if (result != nullptr) {
1091     return result;
1092   }
1093 
1094   // Expand and retry allocation
1095   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1096   if (result != nullptr) {
1097     return result;
1098   }
1099 
1100   // Out of memory
1101   return nullptr;
1102 }
1103 
1104 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1105 private:
1106   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1107   Thread* const _thread;
1108 public:
1109   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
1110     _heap(heap), _thread(Thread::current()) {}
1111 
1112   void do_object(oop p) {
1113     shenandoah_assert_marked(nullptr, p);
1114     if (!p->is_forwarded()) {
1115       _heap->evacuate_object(p, _thread);
1116     }
1117   }
1118 };
1119 
1120 class ShenandoahEvacuationTask : public WorkerTask {
1121 private:
1122   ShenandoahHeap* const _sh;
1123   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1124   bool _concurrent;
1125 public:
1126   ShenandoahEvacuationTask(ShenandoahHeap* sh,
1127                            ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs,
1128                            bool concurrent) :
1129     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuation"),
1130     _sh(sh),
1131     _cs(cs),
1132     _concurrent(concurrent)
1133   {}
1134 
1135   void work(uint worker_id) {
1136     if (_concurrent) {
1137       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1138       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1139       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
1140       do_work();
1141     } else {
1142       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1143       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1144       do_work();
1145     }
1146   }
1147 
1148 private:
1149   void do_work() {
1150     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure cl(_sh);
1151     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1152     while ((r =_cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1153       assert(r->has_live(), "Region %zu should have been reclaimed early", r->index());
1154       _sh->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1155 
1156       if (_sh->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(_concurrent)) {
1157         break;
1158       }
1159     }
1160   }
1161 };
1162 
1163 class ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1164 private:
1165   bool const _resize;
1166 public:
1167   explicit ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure(bool resize) : _resize(resize) {}
1168   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1169     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1170     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1171     gclab->retire();
1172     if (_resize && ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) > 0) {
1173       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, 0);
1174     }
1175 
1176     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1177       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1178       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1179 
1180       // There are two reasons to retire all plabs between old-gen evacuation passes.
1181       //  1. We need to make the plab memory parsable by remembered-set scanning.
1182       //  2. We need to establish a trustworthy UpdateWaterMark value within each old-gen heap region
1183       shenandoah_plab->retire();
1184 
1185       // Re-enable promotions for the next evacuation phase.
1186       shenandoah_plab->enable_promotions();
1187 
1188       // Reset the fill size for next evacuation phase.
1189       if (_resize && shenandoah_plab->desired_size() > 0) {
1190         shenandoah_plab->set_desired_size(0);
1191       }
1192     }
1193   }
1194 };
1195 
1196 class ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1197 public:
1198   explicit ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1199     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah GC State Change"),
1200     _gc_state(gc_state) {}
1201 
1202   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1203     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gc_state(thread, _gc_state);
1204   }
1205 private:
1206   char _gc_state;
1207 };
1208 
1209 class ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1210 public:
1211   explicit ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1212     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Prepare for Update Refs"),
1213     _retire(ResizeTLAB), _propagator(gc_state) {}
1214 
1215   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1216     _propagator.do_thread(thread);
1217     if (ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread) != nullptr) {
1218       _retire.do_thread(thread);
1219     }
1220   }
1221 private:
1222   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure _retire;
1223   ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure _propagator;
1224 };
1225 
1226 void ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_collection_set(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
1227   assert(generation->is_global(), "Only global generation expected here");
1228   ShenandoahEvacuationTask task(this, _collection_set, concurrent);
1229   workers()->run_task(&task);
1230 }
1231 
1232 class ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1233 public:
1234   ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure() : HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Complete stacks handshake") {}
1235   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1236     if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
1237       JavaThread* jt = JavaThread::cast(thread);
1238       StackWatermarkSet::finish_processing(jt, nullptr, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
1239     }
1240   }
1241 };
1242 
1243 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_prepare_for_update_refs() {
1244   // Make sure the current stack watermark machinery has completed before we drop evac flags.
1245   // Otherwise the stack processing on stack unwinding may enter evac closure concurrently.
1246   ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure cl;
1247   Handshake::execute(&cl);
1248 
1249   {
1250     // Java threads take this lock while they are being attached and added to the list of threads.
1251     // If another thread holds this lock before we update the gc state, it will receive a stale
1252     // gc state, but they will have been added to the list of java threads and so will be corrected
1253     // by the following handshake.
1254     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1255 
1256     // A cancellation at this point means the degenerated cycle must resume from update-refs.
1257     set_gc_state_concurrent(EVACUATION, false);
1258     set_gc_state_concurrent(UPDATE_REFS, true);
1259   }
1260 
1261   // This will propagate the gc state and retire gclabs and plabs for threads that require it.
1262   ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure prepare_for_update_refs(_gc_state.raw_value());
1263 
1264   // The handshake won't touch worker threads (or control thread, or VM thread), so do those separately.
1265   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1266 
1267   // Now retire gclabs and plabs and propagate gc_state for mutator threads
1268   Handshake::execute(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1269 
1270   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
1271 }
1272 
1273 void ShenandoahHeap::op_final_roots(bool at_gc_end) {
1274   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1275   propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads();
1276 
1277   if (ShenandoahVerify && at_gc_end) {
1278     verifier()->verify_after_gc(active_generation());
1279   }
1280 
1281   // Arm the nmethods to put barriers down.
1282   ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods();
1283   ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
1284 }
1285 
1286 oop ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread) {
1287   assert(thread == Thread::current(), "Expected thread parameter to be current thread.");
1288 
1289   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
1290   assert(!r->is_humongous(), "never evacuate humongous objects");
1291 
1292   ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen = r->affiliation();
1293   return try_evacuate_object(p, thread, r, target_gen);
1294 }
1295 
1296 oop ShenandoahHeap::try_evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread, ShenandoahHeapRegion* from_region,
1297                                                ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen) {
1298   assert(target_gen == YOUNG_GENERATION, "Only expect evacuations to young in this mode");
1299   assert(from_region->is_young(), "Only expect evacuations from young in this mode");
1300   bool alloc_from_lab = true;
1301   HeapWord* copy = nullptr;
1302   size_t size = ShenandoahForwarding::size(p);
1303 
1304 #ifdef ASSERT
1305   if (ShenandoahOOMDuringEvacALot &&
1306       (os::random() & 1) == 0) { // Simulate OOM every ~2nd slow-path call
1307     copy = nullptr;
1308   } else {
1309 #endif
1310     if (UseTLAB) {
1311       copy = allocate_from_gclab(thread, size);
1312     }
1313     if (copy == nullptr) {
1314       // If we failed to allocate in LAB, we'll try a shared allocation.
1315       ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared_gc(size, target_gen);
1316       copy = allocate_memory(req);
1317       alloc_from_lab = false;
1318     }
1319 #ifdef ASSERT
1320   }
1321 #endif
1322 
1323   if (copy == nullptr) {
1324     control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure_evac(size);
1325 
1326     // Install the self-forwarded bit on p so other evacuators/LRBs see
1327     // the object as "already handled, do not try to evacuate". The CAS
1328     // may fail if another thread concurrently installed a real forwardee
1329     // (they succeeded where we failed) or self-forwarded first.
1330     markWord old_mark = p->mark();
1331     if (old_mark.is_forwarded()) {
1332       return ShenandoahForwarding::get_forwardee(p);
1333     }
1334     oop winner = ShenandoahForwarding::try_forward_to_self(p, old_mark);
1335     if (winner == nullptr) {
1336       // We own the self-forwarding. Flag the region so the degen/full GC
1337       // entry drain knows to scan it for self_fwd bits to clear.
1338       from_region->set_has_self_forwards();
1339       return p;
1340     }
1341     return winner;
1342   }
1343 
1344   if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1345     evac_tracker()->begin_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1346   }
1347 
1348   // Copy the object:
1349   Copy::aligned_disjoint_words(cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(p), copy, size);
1350 
1351   oop copy_val = cast_to_oop(copy);
1352 
1353   // Relativize stack chunks before publishing the copy. After the forwarding CAS,
1354   // mutators can see the copy and thaw it via the fast path if flags == 0. We must
1355   // relativize derived pointers and set gc_mode before that happens. Skip if the
1356   // copy's mark word is already a forwarding pointer (another thread won the race
1357   // and overwrote the original's header before we copied it).
1358   if (!ShenandoahForwarding::is_forwarded(copy_val)) {
1359     ContinuationGCSupport::relativize_stack_chunk(copy_val);
1360   }
1361 
1362   // Try to install the new forwarding pointer.
1363   oop result = ShenandoahForwarding::try_update_forwardee(p, copy_val);
1364   if (result == copy_val) {
1365     // Successfully evacuated. Our copy is now the public one!
1366     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1367     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1368       evac_tracker()->end_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1369     }
1370     return copy_val;
1371   }  else {
1372     // Failed to evacuate. We need to deal with the object that is left behind. Since this
1373     // new allocation is certainly after TAMS, it will be considered live in the next cycle.
1374     // But if it happens to contain references to evacuated regions, those references would
1375     // not get updated for this stale copy during this cycle, and we will crash while scanning
1376     // it the next cycle.
1377     if (alloc_from_lab) {
1378       // For LAB allocations, it is enough to rollback the allocation ptr. Either the next
1379       // object will overwrite this stale copy, or the filler object on LAB retirement will
1380       // do this.
1381       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread)->undo_allocation(copy, size);
1382     } else {
1383       // For non-LAB allocations, we have no way to retract the allocation, and
1384       // have to explicitly overwrite the copy with the filler object. With that overwrite,
1385       // we have to keep the fwdptr initialized and pointing to our (stale) copy.
1386       assert(size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated object known to be larger than min_size");
1387       fill_with_object(copy, size);
1388       shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1389       // For non-LAB allocations, the object has already been registered
1390     }
1391     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, result);
1392     return result;
1393   }
1394 }
1395 
1396 // Clear the self_fwd bit on a live cset object, if set. Runs at a safepoint,
1397 // so a plain store is sufficient — no concurrent writers to the mark word.
1398 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1399 public:
1400   void do_object(oop obj) override {
1401     markWord m = obj->mark();
1402     if (m.is_self_forwarded()) {
1403       obj->set_mark(m.unset_self_forwarded());
1404     }
1405   }
1406 };
1407 
1408 // Parallel task over flagged cset regions. Iterates the live objects via the
1409 // mark bitmap (skipping evacuated and never-marked memory), clears self_fwd
1410 // bits, and resets the region flag once done.
1411 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask : public WorkerTask {
1412 private:
1413   ShenandoahHeap*          const _heap;
1414   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1415 
1416 public:
1417   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask(ShenandoahHeap* heap, ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs) :
1418     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Un-Self-Forward"),
1419     _heap(heap),
1420     _cs(cs) {}
1421 
1422   void work(uint worker_id) override {
1423     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1424     ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure cl;
1425     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1426     while ((r = _cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1427       if (r->has_self_forwards()) {
1428         _heap->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1429         r->clear_has_self_forwards();
1430       }
1431     }
1432   }
1433 };
1434 
1435 void ShenandoahHeap::un_self_forward_cset_regions() {
1436   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1437   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1438   if (cs == nullptr || cs->is_empty()) {
1439     return;
1440   }
1441   cs->clear_current_index();
1442   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask task(this, cs);
1443   workers()->run_task(&task);
1444   DEBUG_ONLY(assert_no_self_forwards());
1445 }
1446 
1447 #ifdef ASSERT
1448 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_no_self_forwards() const {
1449   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1450   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1451   if (cs == nullptr) return;
1452   cs->clear_current_index();
1453   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1454   while ((r = cs->next()) != nullptr) {
1455     assert(!r->has_self_forwards(), "region still flagged after drain");
1456   }
1457   cs->clear_current_index();
1458 }
1459 #endif
1460 
1461 void ShenandoahHeap::trash_cset_regions() {
1462   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
1463 
1464   ShenandoahCollectionSet* set = collection_set();
1465   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1466   set->clear_current_index();
1467   while ((r = set->next()) != nullptr) {
1468     r->make_trash();
1469   }
1470   collection_set()->clear();
1471 }
1472 
1473 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_regions_on(outputStream* st) const {
1474   st->print_cr("Heap Regions:");
1475   st->print_cr("Region state: EU=empty-uncommitted, EC=empty-committed, R=regular, H=humongous start, HP=pinned humongous start");
1476   st->print_cr("              HC=humongous continuation, CS=collection set, TR=trash, P=pinned, CSP=pinned collection set");
1477   st->print_cr("BTE=bottom/top/end, TAMS=top-at-mark-start");
1478   st->print_cr("UWM=update watermark, U=used");
1479   st->print_cr("T=TLAB allocs, G=GCLAB allocs");
1480   st->print_cr("S=shared allocs, L=live data");
1481   st->print_cr("CP=critical pins");
1482 
1483   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
1484     get_region(i)->print_on(st);
1485   }
1486 }
1487 
1488 void ShenandoahHeap::process_gc_stats() const {
1489   // Commit worker statistics to cycle data
1490   phase_timings()->flush_par_workers_to_cycle();
1491 
1492   // Print GC stats for current cycle
1493   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1494   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1495     ResourceMark rm;
1496     LogStream ls(lt);
1497     phase_timings()->print_cycle_on(&ls);
1498     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1499       ShenandoahCycleStats  evac_stats = evac_tracker()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1500       evac_tracker()->print_evacuations_on(&ls, &evac_stats.workers,
1501                                                &evac_stats.mutators);
1502     }
1503   }
1504 
1505   // Commit statistics to globals
1506   phase_timings()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1507 }
1508 
1509 size_t ShenandoahHeap::trash_humongous_region_at(ShenandoahHeapRegion* start) const {
1510   assert(start->is_humongous_start(), "reclaim regions starting with the first one");
1511   assert(!start->has_live(), "liveness must be zero");
1512 
1513   // Do not try to get the size of this humongous object. STW collections will
1514   // have already unloaded classes, so an unmarked object may have a bad klass pointer.
1515   ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = start;
1516   size_t index = region->index();
1517   do {
1518     assert(region->is_humongous(), "Expect correct humongous start or continuation");
1519     assert(!region->is_cset(), "Humongous region should not be in collection set");
1520     region->make_trash_immediate();
1521     region = get_region(++index);
1522   } while (region != nullptr && region->is_humongous_continuation());
1523 
1524   // Return number of regions trashed
1525   return index - start->index();
1526 }
1527 
1528 class ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1529 public:
1530   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure() {}
1531   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1532     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1533     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1534     assert(gclab->words_remaining() == 0, "GCLAB should not need retirement");
1535 
1536     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1537       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1538       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1539       assert(shenandoah_plab->plab()->words_remaining() == 0, "PLAB should not need retirement");
1540     }
1541   }
1542 };
1543 
1544 void ShenandoahHeap::labs_make_parsable() {
1545   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1546 
1547   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(false);
1548 
1549   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1550     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer& tlab = t->tlab();
1551     tlab.make_parsable();
1552     if (ZeroTLAB) {
1553       t->retire_tlab();
1554     }
1555     cl.do_thread(t);
1556   }
1557 
1558   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1559 
1560   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1561     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1562   }
1563 }
1564 
1565 void ShenandoahHeap::tlabs_retire(bool resize) {
1566   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1567   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1568 
1569   ThreadLocalAllocStats stats;
1570 
1571   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1572     t->retire_tlab(&stats);
1573     if (resize) {
1574       t->tlab().resize();
1575     }
1576   }
1577 
1578   stats.publish();
1579 
1580 #ifdef ASSERT
1581   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure cl;
1582   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1583     cl.do_thread(t);
1584   }
1585   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1586 #endif
1587 }
1588 
1589 void ShenandoahHeap::gclabs_retire(bool resize) {
1590   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1591   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1592 
1593   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(resize);
1594   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1595     cl.do_thread(t);
1596   }
1597 
1598   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1599 
1600   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1601     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1602   }
1603 }
1604 
1605 // Returns size in bytes
1606 size_t ShenandoahHeap::unsafe_max_tlab_alloc() const {
1607   // Return the max allowed size, and let the allocation path
1608   // figure out the safe size for current allocation.
1609   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_bytes();
1610 }
1611 
1612 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_tlab_size() const {
1613   // Returns size in words
1614   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_words();
1615 }
1616 
1617 void ShenandoahHeap::collect_as_vm_thread(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1618   // These requests are ignored because we can't easily have Shenandoah jump into
1619   // a synchronous (degenerated or full) cycle while it is in the middle of a concurrent
1620   // cycle. We _could_ cancel the concurrent cycle and then try to run a cycle directly
1621   // on the VM thread, but this would confuse the control thread mightily and doesn't
1622   // seem worth the trouble. Instead, we will have the caller thread run (and wait for) a
1623   // concurrent cycle in the prologue of the heap inspect/dump operation (see VM_HeapDumper::doit_prologue).
1624   // This is how other concurrent collectors in the JVM handle this scenario as well.
1625   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Should be the VM thread");
1626   guarantee(cause == GCCause::_heap_dump || cause == GCCause::_heap_inspection, "Invalid cause");
1627 }
1628 
1629 void ShenandoahHeap::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1630   control_thread()->request_gc(cause);
1631 }
1632 
1633 void ShenandoahHeap::do_full_collection(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
1634   // This method is only called by `CollectedHeap::collect_as_vm_thread`, which we have
1635   // overridden to do nothing. See the comment there for an explanation of how heap inspections
1636   // work for Shenandoah.
1637   ShouldNotReachHere();
1638 }
1639 
1640 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::block_start(const void* addr) const {
1641   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1642   if (r != nullptr) {
1643     return r->block_start(addr);
1644   }
1645   return nullptr;
1646 }
1647 
1648 bool ShenandoahHeap::block_is_obj(const HeapWord* addr) const {
1649   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1650   return r->block_is_obj(addr);
1651 }
1652 
1653 bool ShenandoahHeap::print_location(outputStream* st, void* addr) const {
1654   return BlockLocationPrinter<ShenandoahHeap>::print_location(st, addr);
1655 }
1656 
1657 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_for_verify() {
1658   if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() && UseTLAB) {
1659     labs_make_parsable();
1660   }
1661 }
1662 
1663 void ShenandoahHeap::gc_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tcl) const {
1664   if (_shenandoah_policy->is_at_shutdown()) {
1665     return;
1666   }
1667 
1668   if (_control_thread != nullptr) {
1669     tcl->do_thread(_control_thread);
1670   }
1671 
1672   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
1673     tcl->do_thread(_uncommit_thread);
1674   }
1675 
1676   workers()->threads_do(tcl);
1677   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
1678     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(tcl);
1679   }
1680 }
1681 
1682 void ShenandoahHeap::print_tracing_info() const {
1683   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1684   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1685     ResourceMark rm;
1686     LogStream ls(lt);
1687 
1688     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1689       evac_tracker()->print_global_on(&ls);
1690       ls.cr();
1691       ls.cr();
1692     }
1693 
1694     phase_timings()->print_global_on(&ls);
1695 
1696     ls.cr();
1697     ls.cr();
1698 
1699     shenandoah_policy()->print_gc_stats(&ls);
1700 
1701     ls.cr();
1702     ls.cr();
1703   }
1704 }
1705 
1706 // Active generation may only be set by the VM thread at a safepoint.
1707 void ShenandoahHeap::set_active_generation(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1708   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only the VM Thread");
1709   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Only at a safepoint!");
1710   _active_generation = generation;
1711 }
1712 
1713 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_start(GCCause::Cause cause, ShenandoahGeneration* generation,
1714                                     bool is_degenerated, bool is_out_of_cycle) {
1715   shenandoah_policy()->record_collection_cause(cause);
1716 
1717   const GCCause::Cause current = gc_cause();
1718   assert(current == GCCause::_no_gc, "Over-writing cause: %s, with: %s",
1719          GCCause::to_string(current), GCCause::to_string(cause));
1720 
1721   set_gc_cause(cause);
1722 
1723   if (is_degenerated) {
1724     generation->heuristics()->record_degenerated_cycle_start(is_out_of_cycle);
1725   } else {
1726     generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_start();
1727   }
1728 }
1729 
1730 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_end(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1731   assert(gc_cause() != GCCause::_no_gc, "cause wasn't set");
1732 
1733   generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1734   if (mode()->is_generational() && generation->is_global()) {
1735     // If we just completed a GLOBAL GC, claim credit for completion of young-gen and old-gen GC as well
1736     young_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1737     old_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1738   }
1739 
1740   set_gc_cause(GCCause::_no_gc);
1741 }
1742 
1743 void ShenandoahHeap::verify(VerifyOption vo) {
1744   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
1745     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1746       verifier()->verify_generic(active_generation(), vo);
1747     } else {
1748       // TODO: Consider allocating verification bitmaps on demand,
1749       // and turn this on unconditionally.
1750     }
1751   }
1752 }
1753 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_capacity() const {
1754   return _free_set->capacity_not_holding_lock();
1755 }
1756 
1757 class ObjectIterateScanRootClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1758 private:
1759   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1760   ShenandoahScanObjectStack* _oop_stack;
1761   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1762   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1763 
1764   template <class T>
1765   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1766     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1767     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1768       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1769       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1770         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1771         return;
1772       }
1773       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1774 
1775       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1776       if (!_bitmap->is_marked(obj)) {
1777         _bitmap->mark(obj);
1778         _oop_stack->push(obj);
1779       }
1780     }
1781   }
1782 public:
1783   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack) :
1784     _bitmap(bitmap), _oop_stack(oop_stack), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1785     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1786   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1787   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1788 };
1789 
1790 /*
1791  * This is public API, used in preparation of object_iterate().
1792  * Since we don't do linear scan of heap in object_iterate() (see comment below), we don't
1793  * need to make the heap parsable. For Shenandoah-internal linear heap scans that we can
1794  * control, we call SH::tlabs_retire, SH::gclabs_retire.
1795  */
1796 void ShenandoahHeap::ensure_parsability(bool retire_tlabs) {
1797   // No-op.
1798 }
1799 
1800 /*
1801  * Iterates objects in the heap. This is public API, used for, e.g., heap dumping.
1802  *
1803  * We cannot safely iterate objects by doing a linear scan at random points in time. Linear
1804  * scanning needs to deal with dead objects, which may have dead Klass* pointers (e.g.
1805  * calling oopDesc::size() would crash) or dangling reference fields (crashes) etc. Linear
1806  * scanning therefore depends on having a valid marking bitmap to support it. However, we only
1807  * have a valid marking bitmap after successful marking. In particular, we *don't* have a valid
1808  * marking bitmap during marking, after aborted marking or during/after cleanup (when we just
1809  * wiped the bitmap in preparation for next marking).
1810  *
1811  * For all those reasons, we implement object iteration as a single marking traversal, reporting
1812  * objects as we mark+traverse through the heap, starting from GC roots. JVMTI IterateThroughHeap
1813  * is allowed to report dead objects, but is not required to do so.
1814  */
1815 void ShenandoahHeap::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
1816   // Reset bitmap
1817   if (!prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration())
1818     return;
1819 
1820   ShenandoahScanObjectStack oop_stack;
1821   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(&_aux_bit_map, &oop_stack);
1822   // Seed the stack with root scan
1823   scan_roots_for_iteration(&oop_stack, &oops);
1824 
1825   // Work through the oop stack to traverse heap
1826   while (! oop_stack.is_empty()) {
1827     oop obj = oop_stack.pop();
1828     assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1829     cl->do_object(obj);
1830     obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1831   }
1832 
1833   assert(oop_stack.is_empty(), "should be empty");
1834   // Reclaim bitmap
1835   reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1836 }
1837 
1838 bool ShenandoahHeap::prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1839   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1840   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1841     bool success = os::commit_memory((char *) _aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size(), false);
1842     if (!success) {
1843       log_warning(gc)("Auxiliary marking bitmap commit failed: " PTR_FORMAT " (%zu bytes)",
1844                       p2i(_aux_bitmap_region.start()), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1845       return false;
1846     }
1847   }
1848   _aux_bit_map.clear();
1849   return true;
1850 }
1851 
1852 void ShenandoahHeap::scan_roots_for_iteration(ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack, ObjectIterateScanRootClosure* oops) {
1853   // Process GC roots according to current GC cycle
1854   // This populates the work stack with initial objects
1855   // It is important to relinquish the associated locks before diving
1856   // into heap dumper
1857   uint n_workers = safepoint_workers() != nullptr ? safepoint_workers()->active_workers() : 1;
1858   ShenandoahHeapIterationRootScanner rp(n_workers);
1859   rp.roots_do(oops);
1860 }
1861 
1862 void ShenandoahHeap::reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1863   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1864     os::uncommit_memory((char*)_aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1865   }
1866 }
1867 
1868 // Closure for parallelly iterate objects
1869 class ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1870 private:
1871   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1872   ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* _queue;
1873   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1874   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1875 
1876   template <class T>
1877   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1878     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1879     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1880       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1881       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1882         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1883         return;
1884       }
1885       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1886 
1887       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "Must be a valid oop");
1888       if (_bitmap->par_mark(obj)) {
1889         _queue->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1890       }
1891     }
1892   }
1893 public:
1894   ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q) :
1895     _bitmap(bitmap), _queue(q), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1896     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1897   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1898   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1899 };
1900 
1901 // Object iterator for parallel heap iteraion.
1902 // The root scanning phase happenes in construction as a preparation of
1903 // parallel marking queues.
1904 // Every worker processes it's own marking queue. work-stealing is used
1905 // to balance workload.
1906 class ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator : public ParallelObjectIteratorImpl {
1907 private:
1908   uint                         _num_workers;
1909   bool                         _init_ready;
1910   MarkBitMap*                  _aux_bit_map;
1911   ShenandoahHeap*              _heap;
1912   ShenandoahScanObjectStack    _roots_stack; // global roots stack
1913   ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* _task_queues;
1914 public:
1915   ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(uint num_workers, MarkBitMap* bitmap) :
1916         _num_workers(num_workers),
1917         _init_ready(false),
1918         _aux_bit_map(bitmap),
1919         _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()) {
1920     // Initialize bitmap
1921     _init_ready = _heap->prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1922     if (!_init_ready) {
1923       return;
1924     }
1925 
1926     ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, &_roots_stack);
1927     _heap->scan_roots_for_iteration(&_roots_stack, &oops);
1928 
1929     _init_ready = prepare_worker_queues();
1930   }
1931 
1932   ~ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator() {
1933     // Reclaim bitmap
1934     _heap->reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1935     // Reclaim queue for workers
1936     if (_task_queues!= nullptr) {
1937       for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1938         ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = _task_queues->queue(i);
1939         if (q != nullptr) {
1940           delete q;
1941           _task_queues->register_queue(i, nullptr);
1942         }
1943       }
1944       delete _task_queues;
1945       _task_queues = nullptr;
1946     }
1947   }
1948 
1949   virtual void object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl, uint worker_id) {
1950     if (_init_ready) {
1951       object_iterate_parallel(cl, worker_id, _task_queues);
1952     }
1953   }
1954 
1955 private:
1956   // Divide global root_stack into worker queues
1957   bool prepare_worker_queues() {
1958     _task_queues = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet((int) _num_workers);
1959     // Initialize queues for every workers
1960     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1961       ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* task_queue = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueue();
1962       _task_queues->register_queue(i, task_queue);
1963     }
1964     // Divide roots among the workers. Assume that object referencing distribution
1965     // is related with root kind, use round-robin to make every worker have same chance
1966     // to process every kind of roots
1967     size_t roots_num = _roots_stack.size();
1968     if (roots_num == 0) {
1969       // No work to do
1970       return false;
1971     }
1972 
1973     for (uint j = 0; j < roots_num; j++) {
1974       uint stack_id = j % _num_workers;
1975       oop obj = _roots_stack.pop();
1976       _task_queues->queue(stack_id)->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1977     }
1978     return true;
1979   }
1980 
1981   void object_iterate_parallel(ObjectClosure* cl,
1982                                uint worker_id,
1983                                ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* queue_set) {
1984     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1985     assert(queue_set != nullptr, "task queue must not be null");
1986 
1987     ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = queue_set->queue(worker_id);
1988     assert(q != nullptr, "object iterate queue must not be null");
1989 
1990     ShenandoahMarkTask t;
1991     ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, q);
1992 
1993     // Work through the queue to traverse heap.
1994     // Steal when there is no task in queue.
1995     while (q->pop(t) || queue_set->steal(worker_id, t)) {
1996       oop obj = t.obj();
1997       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1998       cl->do_object(obj);
1999       obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
2000     }
2001     assert(q->is_empty(), "should be empty");
2002   }
2003 };
2004 
2005 ParallelObjectIteratorImpl* ShenandoahHeap::parallel_object_iterator(uint workers) {
2006   return new ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(workers, &_aux_bit_map);
2007 }
2008 
2009 // Keep alive an object that was loaded with AS_NO_KEEPALIVE.
2010 void ShenandoahHeap::keep_alive(oop obj) {
2011   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() && (obj != nullptr)) {
2012     ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->enqueue(obj);
2013   }
2014 }
2015 
2016 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2017   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2018     ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = get_region(i);
2019     blk->heap_region_do(current);
2020   }
2021 }
2022 
2023 class ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask : public WorkerTask {
2024 private:
2025   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
2026   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* _closure;
2027 
2028 public:
2029   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure)
2030     : WorkerTask("Shenandoah Heap Region Iterator")
2031     , _closure(closure) {}
2032 
2033   void work(uint worker_id) override {
2034     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2035     ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = _regions.next();
2036     while (region != nullptr) {
2037       _closure->heap_region_do(region);
2038       region = _regions.next();
2039     }
2040   }
2041 };
2042 
2043 class ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask : public WorkerTask {
2044 private:
2045   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
2046   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* const _blk;
2047   size_t const _stride;
2048 
2049   shenandoah_padding(0);
2050   Atomic<size_t> _index;
2051   shenandoah_padding(1);
2052 
2053 public:
2054   ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk, size_t stride) :
2055           WorkerTask("Shenandoah Parallel Region Operation"),
2056           _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()), _blk(blk), _stride(stride), _index(0) {}
2057 
2058   void work(uint worker_id) {
2059     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2060     size_t stride = _stride;
2061 
2062     size_t max = _heap->num_regions();
2063     while (_index.load_relaxed() < max) {
2064       size_t cur = _index.fetch_then_add(stride, memory_order_relaxed);
2065       size_t start = cur;
2066       size_t end = MIN2(cur + stride, max);
2067       if (start >= max) break;
2068 
2069       for (size_t i = cur; i < end; i++) {
2070         ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = _heap->get_region(i);
2071         _blk->heap_region_do(current);
2072       }
2073     }
2074   }
2075 };
2076 
2077 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2078   assert(blk->is_thread_safe(), "Only thread-safe closures here");
2079   const uint active_workers = workers()->active_workers();
2080   const size_t n_regions = num_regions();
2081   size_t stride = blk->parallel_region_stride();
2082   if (stride == 0 && active_workers > 1) {
2083     // Automatically derive the stride to balance the work between threads
2084     // evenly. Do not try to split work if below the reasonable threshold.
2085     constexpr size_t threshold = 4096;
2086     stride = n_regions <= threshold ?
2087             threshold :
2088             (n_regions + active_workers - 1) / active_workers;
2089   }
2090 
2091   if (n_regions > stride && active_workers > 1) {
2092     ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask task(blk, stride);
2093     workers()->run_task(&task);
2094   } else {
2095     heap_region_iterate(blk);
2096   }
2097 }
2098 
2099 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterator(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure) const {
2100   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask task(closure);
2101   workers()->run_task(&task);
2102 }
2103 
2104 class ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
2105 public:
2106   inline ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure(const char* name) : HandshakeClosure(name) {}
2107   inline void do_thread(Thread* thread) {}
2108 };
2109 
2110 void ShenandoahHeap::rendezvous_threads(const char* name) {
2111   ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure cl(name);
2112   Handshake::execute(&cl);
2113 }
2114 
2115 void ShenandoahHeap::recycle_trash() {
2116   free_set()->recycle_trash();
2117 }
2118 
2119 void ShenandoahHeap::do_class_unloading() {
2120   _unloader.unload();
2121   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2122     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2123   }
2124 }
2125 
2126 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_weak_refs(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2127   // Weak refs processing
2128   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ? ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_weakrefs
2129                                                 : ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_weakrefs;
2130   ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(phase);
2131   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2132   generation->ref_processor()->process_references(phase, workers(), false /* concurrent */);
2133 }
2134 
2135 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_update_heap_references() {
2136   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2137 
2138   // Evacuation is over, no GCLABs are needed anymore. GCLABs are under URWM, so we need to
2139   // make them parsable for update code to work correctly. Plus, we can compute new sizes
2140   // for future GCLABs here.
2141   if (UseTLAB) {
2142     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_init_update_refs_manage_gclabs);
2143     gclabs_retire(ResizeTLAB);
2144   }
2145 
2146   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
2147 }
2148 
2149 void ShenandoahHeap::propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads() {
2150   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2151   if (_gc_state_changed) {
2152     // If we are only marking old, we do not need to process young pointers
2153     ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_filter_out_young(
2154       is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress() && !is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()
2155     );
2156     ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
2157     Threads::threads_do(&propagator);
2158     _gc_state_changed = false;
2159   }
2160 }
2161 
2162 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_at_safepoint(uint mask, bool value) {
2163   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2164   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2165   _gc_state_changed = true;
2166 }
2167 
2168 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_concurrent(uint mask, bool value) {
2169   // Holding the thread lock here assures that any thread created after we change the gc
2170   // state will have the correct state. It also prevents attaching threads from seeing
2171   // an inconsistent state. See ShenandoahBarrierSet::on_thread_attach for reference. Established
2172   // threads will use their thread local copy of the gc state (changed by a handshake, or on a
2173   // safepoint).
2174   assert(Threads_lock->is_locked(), "Must hold thread lock for concurrent gc state change");
2175   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2176 }
2177 
2178 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2179   uint mask;
2180   assert(!has_forwarded_objects(), "Young marking is not concurrent with evacuation");
2181   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
2182     assert(mode()->is_generational(), "Only generational GC has old marking");
2183     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_old_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2184     // If old-marking is in progress when we turn off YOUNG_MARKING, leave MARKING (and OLD_MARKING) on
2185     mask = YOUNG_MARKING;
2186   } else {
2187     mask = MARKING | YOUNG_MARKING;
2188   }
2189   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(mask, in_progress);
2190   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2191 }
2192 
2193 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2194 #ifdef ASSERT
2195   // has_forwarded_objects() iff UPDATE_REFS or EVACUATION
2196   bool has_forwarded = has_forwarded_objects();
2197   bool updating_or_evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(UPDATE_REFS | EVACUATION);
2198   bool evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(EVACUATION);
2199   assert ((has_forwarded == updating_or_evacuating) || (evacuating && !has_forwarded && collection_set()->is_empty()),
2200           "Updating or evacuating iff has forwarded objects, or if evacuation phase is promoting in place without forwarding");
2201 #endif
2202   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()) {
2203     // If young-marking is in progress when we turn off OLD_MARKING, leave MARKING (and YOUNG_MARKING) on
2204     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_young_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2205     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2206   } else {
2207     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(MARKING | OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2208   }
2209   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2210 }
2211 
2212 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_prepare_for_old_mark_in_progress() const {
2213   return old_generation()->is_preparing_for_mark();
2214 }
2215 
2216 void ShenandoahHeap::manage_satb_barrier(bool active) {
2217   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
2218     // Ignore request to deactivate barrier while concurrent mark is in progress.
2219     // Do not attempt to re-activate the barrier if it is already active.
2220     if (active && !ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2221       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2222     }
2223   } else {
2224     // No concurrent marking is in progress so honor request to deactivate,
2225     // but only if the barrier is already active.
2226     if (!active && ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2227       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2228     }
2229   }
2230 }
2231 
2232 void ShenandoahHeap::set_evacuation_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2233   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Only call this at safepoint");
2234   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(EVACUATION, in_progress);
2235 }
2236 
2237 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2238   if (in_progress) {
2239     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.set();
2240   } else {
2241     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.unset();
2242   }
2243 }
2244 
2245 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(bool cond) {
2246   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, cond);
2247 }
2248 
2249 GCTracer* ShenandoahHeap::tracer() {
2250   return shenandoah_policy()->tracer();
2251 }
2252 
2253 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_used() const {
2254   return _free_set->used_not_holding_lock();
2255 }
2256 
2257 bool ShenandoahHeap::try_cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2258   const GCCause::Cause prev = _cancelled_gc.xchg(cause);
2259   return prev == GCCause::_no_gc || prev == GCCause::_shenandoah_concurrent_gc;
2260 }
2261 
2262 void ShenandoahHeap::cancel_concurrent_mark() {
2263   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2264     young_generation()->cancel_marking();
2265     old_generation()->cancel_marking();
2266   }
2267 
2268   global_generation()->cancel_marking();
2269 
2270   ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().abandon_partial_marking();
2271 }
2272 
2273 bool ShenandoahHeap::cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2274   if (try_cancel_gc(cause)) {
2275     FormatBuffer<> msg("Cancelling GC: %s", GCCause::to_string(cause));
2276     log_info(gc,thread)("%s", msg.buffer());
2277     Events::log(Thread::current(), "%s", msg.buffer());
2278     _cancel_requested_time = os::elapsedTime();
2279     return true;
2280   }
2281   return false;
2282 }
2283 
2284 uint ShenandoahHeap::max_workers() {
2285   return _max_workers;
2286 }
2287 
2288 void ShenandoahHeap::stop() {
2289   // The shutdown sequence should be able to terminate when GC is running.
2290 
2291   // Step 0. Notify policy to disable event recording and prevent visiting gc threads during shutdown
2292   _shenandoah_policy->record_shutdown();
2293 
2294   // Step 1. Stop reporting on gc thread cpu utilization
2295   mmu_tracker()->stop();
2296 
2297   // Step 2. Stop decaying allocation rate.
2298   _alloc_rate_decay.disenroll();
2299 
2300   // Step 3. Wait until GC worker exits normally (this will cancel any ongoing GC).
2301   control_thread()->stop();
2302 
2303   // Step 4. Shutdown uncommit thread.
2304   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2305     _uncommit_thread->stop();
2306   }
2307 }
2308 
2309 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_unload_classes(bool full_gc) {
2310   if (!unload_classes()) return;
2311   ClassUnloadingContext ctx(_workers->active_workers(),
2312                             true /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
2313                             false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
2314 
2315   // Unload classes and purge SystemDictionary.
2316   {
2317     ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ?
2318                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_class_unload :
2319                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_class_unload;
2320     ShenandoahIsAliveSelector is_alive;
2321     {
2322       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(is_alive.is_alive_closure());
2323       ShenandoahGCPhase gc_phase(phase);
2324       ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2325       bool unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(gc_timer());
2326 
2327       ShenandoahClassUnloadingTask unlink_task(phase, unloading_occurred);
2328       _workers->run_task(&unlink_task);
2329     }
2330     // Release unloaded nmethods's memory.
2331     ClassUnloadingContext::context()->purge_and_free_nmethods();
2332   }
2333 
2334   {
2335     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2336                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_cldg :
2337                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_cldg);
2338     ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
2339   }
2340   // Resize and verify metaspace
2341   MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
2342 
2343   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2344     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2345   }
2346 
2347   DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
2348 }
2349 
2350 // Weak roots are either pre-evacuated (final mark) or updated (final update refs),
2351 // so they should not have forwarded oops.
2352 // However, we do need to "null" dead oops in the roots, if can not be done
2353 // in concurrent cycles.
2354 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_process_weak_roots(bool full_gc) {
2355   uint num_workers = _workers->active_workers();
2356   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase timing_phase = full_gc ?
2357                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_weak_par :
2358                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_weak_par;
2359   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(timing_phase);
2360   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(timing_phase);
2361   // Cleanup weak roots
2362   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2363     ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2364     ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure keep_alive;
2365     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>
2366       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &keep_alive, num_workers);
2367     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2368   } else {
2369     ShenandoahIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2370 #ifdef ASSERT
2371     ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure verify_cl;
2372     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure>
2373       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &verify_cl, num_workers);
2374 #else
2375     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, DoNothingClosure>
2376       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &do_nothing_cl, num_workers);
2377 #endif
2378     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2379   }
2380 }
2381 
2382 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_cleaning(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2383   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2384   assert(is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only for Degenerated and Full GC");
2385   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2386                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge :
2387                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge);
2388   stw_weak_refs(generation, full_gc);
2389   stw_process_weak_roots(full_gc);
2390   stw_unload_classes(full_gc);
2391 }
2392 
2393 void ShenandoahHeap::set_has_forwarded_objects(bool cond) {
2394   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(HAS_FORWARDED, cond);
2395 }
2396 
2397 void ShenandoahHeap::set_unload_classes(bool uc) {
2398   _unload_classes.set_cond(uc);
2399 }
2400 
2401 bool ShenandoahHeap::unload_classes() const {
2402   return _unload_classes.is_set();
2403 }
2404 
2405 address ShenandoahHeap::in_cset_fast_test_addr() {
2406   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
2407   assert(heap->collection_set() != nullptr, "Sanity");
2408   return (address) heap->collection_set()->biased_map_address();
2409 }
2410 
2411 void ShenandoahHeap::set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2412   _degenerated_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2413 }
2414 
2415 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2416   _full_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2417 }
2418 
2419 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_move_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2420   assert (is_full_gc_in_progress(), "should be");
2421   _full_gc_move_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2422 }
2423 
2424 void ShenandoahHeap::set_update_refs_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2425   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(UPDATE_REFS, in_progress);
2426 }
2427 
2428 void ShenandoahHeap::register_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2429   ShenandoahCodeRoots::register_nmethod(nm);
2430 }
2431 
2432 void ShenandoahHeap::unregister_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2433   ShenandoahCodeRoots::unregister_nmethod(nm);
2434 }
2435 
2436 void ShenandoahHeap::pin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2437   heap_region_containing(o)->record_pin();
2438 }
2439 
2440 void ShenandoahHeap::unpin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2441   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(o);
2442   assert(r != nullptr, "Sanity");
2443   assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu should have non-zero pins", r->index());
2444   r->record_unpin();
2445 }
2446 
2447 void ShenandoahHeap::sync_pinned_region_status() {
2448   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2449 
2450   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2451     ShenandoahHeapRegion *r = get_region(i);
2452     if (r->is_active()) {
2453       if (r->is_pinned()) {
2454         if (r->pin_count() == 0) {
2455           r->make_unpinned();
2456         }
2457       } else {
2458         if (r->pin_count() > 0) {
2459           r->make_pinned();
2460         }
2461       }
2462     }
2463   }
2464 
2465   assert_pinned_region_status();
2466 }
2467 
2468 #ifdef ASSERT
2469 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status() const {
2470   assert_pinned_region_status(global_generation());
2471 }
2472 
2473 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) const {
2474   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2475     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2476     if (generation->contains(r)) {
2477       assert((r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() > 0) || (!r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() == 0),
2478              "Region %zu pinning status is inconsistent", i);
2479     }
2480   }
2481 }
2482 #endif
2483 
2484 ConcurrentGCTimer* ShenandoahHeap::gc_timer() const {
2485   return _gc_timer;
2486 }
2487 
2488 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_concurrent_roots() {
2489   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2490   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2491   set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(!collection_set()->is_empty());
2492   set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(true);
2493   if (unload_classes()) {
2494     _unloader.prepare();
2495   }
2496 }
2497 
2498 void ShenandoahHeap::finish_concurrent_roots() {
2499   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2500   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2501   if (unload_classes()) {
2502     _unloader.finish();
2503   }
2504 }
2505 
2506 #ifdef ASSERT
2507 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_gc_workers(uint nworkers) {
2508   assert(nworkers > 0 && nworkers <= max_workers(), "Sanity");
2509 
2510   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
2511     // Use ParallelGCThreads inside safepoints
2512     assert(nworkers == ParallelGCThreads, "Use ParallelGCThreads (%u) within safepoint, not %u",
2513            ParallelGCThreads, nworkers);
2514   } else {
2515     // Use ConcGCThreads outside safepoints
2516     assert(nworkers == ConcGCThreads, "Use ConcGCThreads (%u) outside safepoints, %u",
2517            ConcGCThreads, nworkers);
2518   }
2519 }
2520 #endif
2521 
2522 ShenandoahVerifier* ShenandoahHeap::verifier() {
2523   guarantee(ShenandoahVerify, "Should be enabled");
2524   assert (_verifier != nullptr, "sanity");
2525   return _verifier;
2526 }
2527 
2528 template<bool CONCURRENT>
2529 class ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask : public WorkerTask {
2530 private:
2531   ShenandoahHeap* _heap;
2532   ShenandoahRegionIterator* _regions;
2533 public:
2534   explicit ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask(ShenandoahRegionIterator* regions) :
2535     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Update References"),
2536     _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2537     _regions(regions) {
2538   }
2539 
2540   void work(uint worker_id) {
2541     if (CONCURRENT) {
2542       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2543       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2544       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
2545       do_work<ShenandoahConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2546     } else {
2547       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2548       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2549       do_work<ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2550     }
2551   }
2552 
2553 private:
2554   template<class T>
2555   void do_work(uint worker_id) {
2556     if (CONCURRENT && (worker_id == 0)) {
2557       // We ask the first worker to replenish the Mutator free set by moving regions previously reserved to hold the
2558       // results of evacuation.  These reserves are no longer necessary because evacuation has completed.
2559       size_t cset_regions = _heap->collection_set()->count();
2560 
2561       // Now that evacuation is done, we can reassign any regions that had been reserved to hold the results of evacuation
2562       // to the mutator free set.  At the end of GC, we will have cset_regions newly evacuated fully empty regions from
2563       // which we will be able to replenish the Collector free set and the OldCollector free set in preparation for the
2564       // next GC cycle.
2565       _heap->free_set()->move_regions_from_collector_to_mutator(cset_regions);
2566     }
2567     // If !CONCURRENT, there's no value in expanding Mutator free set
2568     T cl;
2569     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions->next();
2570     while (r != nullptr) {
2571       HeapWord* update_watermark = r->get_update_watermark();
2572       assert (update_watermark >= r->bottom(), "sanity");
2573       if (r->is_active() && !r->is_cset()) {
2574         _heap->marked_object_oop_iterate(r, &cl, update_watermark);
2575       }
2576       if (_heap->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(CONCURRENT)) {
2577         return;
2578       }
2579       r = _regions->next();
2580     }
2581   }
2582 };
2583 
2584 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_references(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
2585   assert(generation->is_global(), "Should only get global generation here");
2586   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2587 
2588   if (concurrent) {
2589     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<true> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2590     workers()->run_task(&task);
2591   } else {
2592     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<false> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2593     workers()->run_task(&task);
2594   }
2595 }
2596 
2597 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_region_states(bool concurrent) {
2598   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2599   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2600 
2601   {
2602     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2603                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_update_region_states :
2604                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_update_region_states);
2605 
2606     final_update_refs_update_region_states();
2607 
2608     assert_pinned_region_status();
2609   }
2610 
2611   {
2612     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2613                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_trash_cset :
2614                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_trash_cset);
2615     trash_cset_regions();
2616   }
2617 }
2618 
2619 void ShenandoahHeap::final_update_refs_update_region_states() {
2620   ShenandoahSynchronizePinnedRegionStates cl;
2621   parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
2622 }
2623 
2624 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set_within_phase() {
2625   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2626   size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count;
2627   _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count);
2628   // If there are no old regions, first_old_region will be greater than last_old_region
2629   assert((first_old_region > last_old_region) ||
2630          ((last_old_region + 1 - first_old_region >= old_region_count) &&
2631           get_region(first_old_region)->is_old() && get_region(last_old_region)->is_old()),
2632          "sanity: old_region_count: %zu, first_old_region: %zu, last_old_region: %zu",
2633          old_region_count, first_old_region, last_old_region);
2634 
2635   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2636 #ifdef ASSERT
2637     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
2638       verifier()->verify_before_rebuilding_free_set();
2639     }
2640 #endif
2641 
2642     // The computation of bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger is quite conservative so consider all of this
2643     // available for transfer to old. Note that transfer of humongous regions does not impact available.
2644     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2645     size_t allocation_runway =
2646       gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_trashed_regions);
2647     gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
2648   }
2649   // Rebuild free set based on adjusted generation sizes.
2650   _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, old_region_count);
2651 
2652   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2653     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2654     ShenandoahOldGeneration* old_gen = gen_heap->old_generation();
2655     old_gen->heuristics()->evaluate_triggers(first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count, num_regions());
2656   }
2657 }
2658 
2659 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set(bool concurrent) {
2660   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2661                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset :
2662                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset);
2663   rebuild_free_set_within_phase();
2664 }
2665 
2666 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_bitmap_slice_committed(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r, bool skip_self) {
2667   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2668 
2669   size_t regions_from = _bitmap_regions_per_slice * slice;
2670   size_t regions_to   = MIN2(num_regions(), _bitmap_regions_per_slice * (slice + 1));
2671   for (size_t g = regions_from; g < regions_to; g++) {
2672     assert (g / _bitmap_regions_per_slice == slice, "same slice");
2673     if (skip_self && g == r->index()) continue;
2674     if (get_region(g)->is_committed()) {
2675       return true;
2676     }
2677   }
2678   return false;
2679 }
2680 
2681 void ShenandoahHeap::commit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
2682   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2683   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2684 
2685   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2686     // Some other region from the group is already committed, meaning the bitmap
2687     // slice is already committed, we exit right away.
2688     return;
2689   }
2690 
2691   // Commit the bitmap slice:
2692   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2693   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2694   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2695   char* start = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2696 
2697   os::commit_memory_or_exit(start, len, false, "Unable to commit bitmap slice");
2698 
2699   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
2700     os::pretouch_memory(start, start + len, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
2701   }
2702 }
2703 
2704 void ShenandoahHeap::uncommit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion *r) {
2705   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2706   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2707 
2708   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2709     // Some other region from the group is still committed, meaning the bitmap
2710     // slice should stay committed, exit right away.
2711     return;
2712   }
2713 
2714   // Uncommit the bitmap slice:
2715   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2716   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2717   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2718 
2719   char* addr = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2720   os::uncommit_memory(addr, len);
2721 }
2722 
2723 void ShenandoahHeap::forbid_uncommit() {
2724   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2725     _uncommit_thread->forbid_uncommit();
2726   }
2727 }
2728 
2729 void ShenandoahHeap::allow_uncommit() {
2730   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2731     _uncommit_thread->allow_uncommit();
2732   }
2733 }
2734 
2735 #ifdef ASSERT
2736 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_uncommit_in_progress() {
2737   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2738     return _uncommit_thread->is_uncommit_in_progress();
2739   }
2740   return false;
2741 }
2742 #endif
2743 
2744 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_begin() {
2745   StackWatermarkSet::safepoint_synchronize_begin();
2746   SuspendibleThreadSet::synchronize();
2747 }
2748 
2749 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_end() {
2750   SuspendibleThreadSet::desynchronize();
2751 }
2752 
2753 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_alloc_failure() {
2754   if (ShenandoahAllocFailureALot && !cancelled_gc() && ((os::random() % 1000) > 950)) {
2755     _inject_alloc_failure.set();
2756     os::naked_short_sleep(1);
2757     if (cancelled_gc()) {
2758       log_info(gc)("Allocation failure was successfully injected");
2759     }
2760   }
2761 }
2762 
2763 bool ShenandoahHeap::should_inject_alloc_failure() {
2764   return _inject_alloc_failure.is_set() && _inject_alloc_failure.try_unset();
2765 }
2766 
2767 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_serviceability() {
2768   _memory_pool = new ShenandoahMemoryPool(this);
2769   _cycle_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2770   _stw_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2771 }
2772 
2773 GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_managers() {
2774   GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> memory_managers(2);
2775   memory_managers.append(&_cycle_memory_manager);
2776   memory_managers.append(&_stw_memory_manager);
2777   return memory_managers;
2778 }
2779 
2780 GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_pools() {
2781   GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> memory_pools(1);
2782   memory_pools.append(_memory_pool);
2783   return memory_pools;
2784 }
2785 
2786 MemoryUsage ShenandoahHeap::memory_usage() {
2787   return shenandoah_memory_usage(_initial_size, used(), committed(), max_capacity());
2788 }
2789 
2790 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator() :
2791   _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2792   _index(0) {}
2793 
2794 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
2795   _heap(heap),
2796   _index(0) {}
2797 
2798 void ShenandoahRegionIterator::reset() {
2799   _index.store_relaxed(0);
2800 }
2801 
2802 bool ShenandoahRegionIterator::has_next() const {
2803   return _index.load_relaxed() < _heap->num_regions();
2804 }
2805 
2806 ShenandoahLiveData* ShenandoahHeap::get_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2807 #ifdef ASSERT
2808   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2809   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2810   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2811     assert(_liveness_cache[worker_id][i] == 0, "liveness cache should be empty");
2812   }
2813 #endif
2814   return _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2815 }
2816 
2817 void ShenandoahHeap::flush_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2818   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2819   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2820   ShenandoahLiveData* ld = _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2821   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2822     ShenandoahLiveData live = ld[i];
2823     if (live > 0) {
2824       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2825       r->increase_live_data_gc_words(live);
2826       ld[i] = 0;
2827     }
2828   }
2829 }
2830 
2831 bool ShenandoahHeap::requires_barriers(stackChunkOop obj) const {
2832   if (is_idle()) return false;
2833 
2834   // Objects allocated after marking start are implicitly alive, don't need any barriers during
2835   // marking phase.
2836   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() &&
2837      !marking_context()->allocated_after_mark_start(obj)) {
2838     return true;
2839   }
2840 
2841   // Can not guarantee obj is deeply good.
2842   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2843     return true;
2844   }
2845 
2846   return false;
2847 }
2848 
2849 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_loaded_archive_space(size_t size) {
2850 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2851   // CDS wants a raw continuous memory range to load a bunch of objects itself.
2852   // This is an unusual request, since all requested regions should be regular, not humongous.
2853   //
2854   // CDS would guarantee no objects straddle multiple regions, as long as regions are as large
2855   // as MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT.
2856   guarantee(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() >= AOTMappedHeapWriter::MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, "Must be");
2857 
2858   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_cds(size);
2859   return allocate_memory(req);
2860 #else
2861   assert(false, "Archive heap loader should not be available, should not be here");
2862   return nullptr;
2863 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2864 }
2865 
2866 void ShenandoahHeap::complete_loaded_archive_space(MemRegion archive_space) {
2867   // Nothing to do here, except checking that heap looks fine.
2868 #ifdef ASSERT
2869   HeapWord* start = archive_space.start();
2870   HeapWord* end = archive_space.end();
2871 
2872   // No unclaimed space between the objects.
2873   // Objects are properly allocated in correct regions.
2874   HeapWord* cur = start;
2875   while (cur < end) {
2876     oop oop = cast_to_oop(cur);
2877     shenandoah_assert_in_correct_region(nullptr, oop);
2878     cur += oop->size();
2879   }
2880 
2881   // No unclaimed tail at the end of archive space.
2882   assert(cur == end,
2883          "Archive space should be fully used: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2884          p2i(cur), p2i(end));
2885 
2886   // All regions in contiguous space have good state.
2887   size_t begin_reg_idx = heap_region_index_containing(start);
2888   size_t end_reg_idx   = heap_region_index_containing(end);
2889 
2890   for (size_t idx = begin_reg_idx; idx <= end_reg_idx; idx++) {
2891     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2892     assert(r->is_regular(), "Must be regular");
2893     assert(r->is_young(), "Must be young");
2894     assert(idx == end_reg_idx || r->top() == r->end(),
2895            "All regions except the last one should be full: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2896            p2i(r->top()), p2i(r->end()));
2897     assert(idx != begin_reg_idx || r->bottom() == start,
2898            "Archive space start should be at the bottom of first region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2899            p2i(r->bottom()), p2i(start));
2900     assert(idx != end_reg_idx || r->top() == end,
2901            "Archive space end should be at the top of last region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2902            p2i(r->top()), p2i(end));
2903   }
2904 
2905 #endif
2906 }
2907 
2908 ShenandoahGeneration* ShenandoahHeap::generation_for(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) const {
2909   if (!mode()->is_generational()) {
2910     return global_generation();
2911   } else if (affiliation == YOUNG_GENERATION) {
2912     return young_generation();
2913   } else if (affiliation == OLD_GENERATION) {
2914     return old_generation();
2915   }
2916 
2917   ShouldNotReachHere();
2918   return nullptr;
2919 }
2920 
2921 void ShenandoahHeap::log_heap_status(const char* msg) const {
2922   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2923     young_generation()->log_status(msg);
2924     old_generation()->log_status(msg);
2925   } else {
2926     global_generation()->log_status(msg);
2927   }
2928 }
2929 
2930 ShenandoahHeapLocker::ShenandoahHeapLocker(ShenandoahHeapLock* lock, bool allow_block_for_safepoint) : _lock(lock) {
2931 #ifdef ASSERT
2932   ShenandoahFreeSet* free_set = ShenandoahHeap::heap()->free_set();
2933   // free_set is nullptr only at pre-initialized state
2934   assert(free_set == nullptr || !free_set->rebuild_lock()->owned_by_self(), "Dead lock, can't acquire heap lock while holding free-set rebuild lock");
2935   assert(_lock != nullptr, "Must not");
2936 #endif
2937   _lock->lock(allow_block_for_safepoint);
2938 }