1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   5  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   6  *
   7  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   8  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  *
  25  */
  26 
  27 
  28 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/locationPrinter.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/memAllocator.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahOldHeuristics.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahYoungHeuristics.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahGenerationalMode.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahPassiveMode.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahSATBMode.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocator.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRate.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRequest.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBarrierSet.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahClosures.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCodeRoots.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectionSet.hpp"
  52 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentMark.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahControlThread.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalEvacuationTask.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
  58 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGlobalGeneration.hpp"
  59 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionClosures.hpp"
  62 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionSet.hpp"
  63 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahInitLogger.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMarkingContext.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMemoryPool.hpp"
  66 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahObjArrayAllocator.hpp"
  68 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
  69 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPadding.hpp"
  70 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahParallelCleaning.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPartitionAllocator.hpp"
  72 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"
  73 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahReferenceProcessor.hpp"
  74 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
  75 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahScanRemembered.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahStackWatermark.hpp"
  77 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahSTWMark.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUncommitThread.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
  80 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
  83 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkGroup.hpp"
  84 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  85 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  86 #include "memory/classLoaderMetaspace.hpp"
  87 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  88 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  89 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  90 #include "nmt/mallocTracker.hpp"
  91 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  92 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  93 #include "prims/jvmtiTagMap.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
 100 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
 101 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
 102 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
 103 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 106 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
 107 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 108 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahJfrSupport.hpp"
 109 #endif
 110 
 111 class ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask : public WorkerTask {
 112 private:
 113   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 114   const size_t _page_size;
 115 public:
 116   ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask(size_t page_size) :
 117     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Heap"),
 118     _page_size(page_size) {}
 119 
 120   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 121     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 122     while (r != nullptr) {
 123       if (r->is_committed()) {
 124         os::pretouch_memory(r->bottom(), r->end(), _page_size);
 125       }
 126       r = _regions.next();
 127     }
 128   }
 129 };
 130 
 131 class ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask : public WorkerTask {
 132 private:
 133   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 134   char* _bitmap_base;
 135   const size_t _bitmap_size;
 136   const size_t _page_size;
 137 public:
 138   ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask(char* bitmap_base, size_t bitmap_size, size_t page_size) :
 139     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Bitmap"),
 140     _bitmap_base(bitmap_base),
 141     _bitmap_size(bitmap_size),
 142     _page_size(page_size) {}
 143 
 144   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 145     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 146     while (r != nullptr) {
 147       size_t start = r->index()       * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 148       size_t end   = (r->index() + 1) * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 149       assert (end <= _bitmap_size, "end is sane: %zu < %zu", end, _bitmap_size);
 150 
 151       if (r->is_committed()) {
 152         os::pretouch_memory(_bitmap_base + start, _bitmap_base + end, _page_size);
 153       }
 154 
 155       r = _regions.next();
 156     }
 157   }
 158 };
 159 
 160 static ReservedSpace reserve(size_t size, size_t preferred_page_size) {
 161   // When a page size is given we don't want to mix large
 162   // and normal pages. If the size is not a multiple of the
 163   // page size it will be aligned up to achieve this.
 164   size_t alignment = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
 165   if (preferred_page_size != os::vm_page_size()) {
 166     alignment = MAX2(preferred_page_size, alignment);
 167     size = align_up(size, alignment);
 168   }
 169 
 170   const ReservedSpace reserved = MemoryReserver::reserve(size, alignment, preferred_page_size, mtGC);
 171   if (!reserved.is_reserved()) {
 172     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve space");
 173   }
 174   return reserved;
 175 }
 176 
 177 jint ShenandoahHeap::initialize() {
 178   //
 179   // Figure out heap sizing
 180   //
 181 
 182   size_t init_byte_size = InitialHeapSize;
 183   size_t min_byte_size  = MinHeapSize;
 184   size_t max_byte_size  = MaxHeapSize;
 185   size_t heap_alignment = HeapAlignment;
 186 
 187   size_t reg_size_bytes = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 188 
 189   Universe::check_alignment(max_byte_size,  reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 190   Universe::check_alignment(init_byte_size, reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 191 
 192   _num_regions = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_count();
 193   assert(_num_regions == (max_byte_size / reg_size_bytes),
 194          "Regions should cover entire heap exactly: %zu != %zu/%zu",
 195          _num_regions, max_byte_size, reg_size_bytes);
 196 
 197   size_t num_committed_regions = init_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 198   num_committed_regions = MIN2(num_committed_regions, _num_regions);
 199   assert(num_committed_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 200   _initial_size = num_committed_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 201 
 202   size_t num_min_regions = min_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 203   num_min_regions = MIN2(num_min_regions, _num_regions);
 204   assert(num_min_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 205   _minimum_size = num_min_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 206 
 207   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(clamp(SoftMaxHeapSize, min_capacity(), max_capacity()));
 208 
 209   _committed.store_relaxed(_initial_size);
 210 
 211   size_t heap_page_size   = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 212   size_t bitmap_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 213   size_t region_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 214 
 215   //
 216   // Reserve and commit memory for heap
 217   //
 218 
 219   ReservedHeapSpace heap_rs = Universe::reserve_heap(max_byte_size, heap_alignment);
 220   initialize_reserved_region(heap_rs);
 221   _heap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*)heap_rs.base(), heap_rs.size() / HeapWordSize);
 222   _heap_region_special = heap_rs.special();
 223 
 224   assert((((size_t) base()) & ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_mask()) == 0,
 225          "Misaligned heap: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(base()));
 226   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Heap",
 227                                           max_byte_size, heap_alignment,
 228                                           heap_rs.base(),
 229                                           heap_rs.size(), heap_rs.page_size());
 230 
 231 #if SHENANDOAH_OPTIMIZED_MARKTASK
 232   // The optimized ShenandoahMarkTask takes some bits away from the full object bits.
 233   // Fail if we ever attempt to address more than we can.
 234   if ((uintptr_t)heap_rs.end() >= ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable()) {
 235     FormatBuffer<512> buf("Shenandoah reserved [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT") for the heap, \n"
 236                           "but max object address is " PTR_FORMAT ". Try to reduce heap size, or try other \n"
 237                           "VM options that allocate heap at lower addresses (HeapBaseMinAddress, AllocateHeapAt, etc).",
 238                 p2i(heap_rs.base()), p2i(heap_rs.end()), ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable());
 239     vm_exit_during_initialization("Fatal Error", buf);
 240   }
 241 #endif
 242 
 243   ReservedSpace sh_rs = heap_rs.first_part(max_byte_size);
 244   if (!_heap_region_special) {
 245     os::commit_memory_or_exit(sh_rs.base(), _initial_size, heap_alignment, false,
 246                               "Cannot commit heap memory");
 247   }
 248 
 249   BarrierSet::set_barrier_set(new ShenandoahBarrierSet(this, _heap_region));
 250 
 251   // Now we know the number of regions and heap sizes, initialize the heuristics.
 252   initialize_heuristics();
 253 
 254   // If ShenandoahCardBarrier is enabled but it's not generational mode
 255   // it means we're under passive mode and we have to initialize old gen
 256   // for the purpose of having card table.
 257   if (ShenandoahCardBarrier && !(mode()->is_generational())) {
 258     _old_generation = new ShenandoahOldGeneration(max_workers());
 259   }
 260 
 261   assert(_heap_region.byte_size() == heap_rs.size(), "Need to know reserved size for card table");
 262 
 263   //
 264   // Worker threads must be initialized after the barrier is configured
 265   //
 266   _workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("ShenWorker", _max_workers);
 267   if (_workers == nullptr) {
 268     vm_exit_during_initialization("Failed necessary allocation.");
 269   } else {
 270     _workers->initialize_workers();
 271   }
 272 
 273   if (ParallelGCThreads > 1) {
 274     _safepoint_workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("Safepoint Cleanup Thread", ParallelGCThreads);
 275     _safepoint_workers->initialize_workers();
 276   }
 277 
 278   //
 279   // Reserve and commit memory for bitmap(s)
 280   //
 281 
 282   size_t bitmap_size_orig = ShenandoahMarkBitMap::compute_size(heap_rs.size());
 283   _bitmap_size = align_up(bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size);
 284 
 285   size_t bitmap_bytes_per_region = reg_size_bytes / ShenandoahMarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 286 
 287   guarantee(bitmap_bytes_per_region != 0,
 288             "Bitmap bytes per region should not be zero");
 289   guarantee(is_power_of_2(bitmap_bytes_per_region),
 290             "Bitmap bytes per region should be power of two: %zu", bitmap_bytes_per_region);
 291 
 292   if (bitmap_page_size > bitmap_bytes_per_region) {
 293     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = bitmap_page_size / bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 294     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_page_size;
 295   } else {
 296     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = 1;
 297     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 298   }
 299 
 300   guarantee(_bitmap_regions_per_slice >= 1,
 301             "Should have at least one region per slice: %zu",
 302             _bitmap_regions_per_slice);
 303 
 304   guarantee(((_bitmap_bytes_per_slice) % bitmap_page_size) == 0,
 305             "Bitmap slices should be page-granular: bps = %zu, page size = %zu",
 306             _bitmap_bytes_per_slice, bitmap_page_size);
 307 
 308   ReservedSpace bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 309   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Mark Bitmap",
 310                                           bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 311                                           bitmap.base(),
 312                                           bitmap.size(), bitmap.page_size());
 313   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(bitmap, mtGC);
 314   _bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) bitmap.base(), bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 315   _bitmap_region_special = bitmap.special();
 316 
 317   size_t bitmap_init_commit = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice *
 318     align_up(num_committed_regions, _bitmap_regions_per_slice) / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
 319   bitmap_init_commit = MIN2(_bitmap_size, bitmap_init_commit);
 320   if (!_bitmap_region_special) {
 321     os::commit_memory_or_exit((char *) _bitmap_region.start(), bitmap_init_commit, bitmap_page_size, false,
 322                               "Cannot commit bitmap memory");
 323   }
 324 
 325   _marking_context = new ShenandoahMarkingContext(_heap_region, _bitmap_region, _num_regions);
 326 
 327   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 328     ReservedSpace verify_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 329     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Verify Bitmap",
 330                                             bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 331                                             verify_bitmap.base(),
 332                                             verify_bitmap.size(), verify_bitmap.page_size());
 333     if (!verify_bitmap.special()) {
 334       os::commit_memory_or_exit(verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size(), bitmap_page_size, false,
 335                                 "Cannot commit verification bitmap memory");
 336     }
 337     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(verify_bitmap, mtGC);
 338     MemRegion verify_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord *) verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 339     _verification_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, verify_bitmap_region);
 340     _verifier = new ShenandoahVerifier(this, &_verification_bit_map);
 341   }
 342 
 343   // Reserve aux bitmap for use in object_iterate(). We don't commit it here.
 344   size_t aux_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 345 
 346   ReservedSpace aux_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, aux_bitmap_page_size);
 347   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Aux Bitmap",
 348                                           bitmap_size_orig, aux_bitmap_page_size,
 349                                           aux_bitmap.base(),
 350                                           aux_bitmap.size(), aux_bitmap.page_size());
 351   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(aux_bitmap, mtGC);
 352   _aux_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) aux_bitmap.base(), aux_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 353   _aux_bitmap_region_special = aux_bitmap.special();
 354   _aux_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, _aux_bitmap_region);
 355 
 356   //
 357   // Create regions and region sets
 358   //
 359   size_t region_align = align_up(sizeof(ShenandoahHeapRegion), SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
 360   size_t region_storage_size_orig = region_align * _num_regions;
 361   size_t region_storage_size = align_up(region_storage_size_orig,
 362                                         MAX2(region_page_size, os::vm_allocation_granularity()));
 363 
 364   ReservedSpace region_storage = reserve(region_storage_size, region_page_size);
 365   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Region Storage",
 366                                           region_storage_size_orig, region_page_size,
 367                                           region_storage.base(),
 368                                           region_storage.size(), region_storage.page_size());
 369   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(region_storage, mtGC);
 370   if (!region_storage.special()) {
 371     os::commit_memory_or_exit(region_storage.base(), region_storage_size, region_page_size, false,
 372                               "Cannot commit region memory");
 373   }
 374 
 375   // Try to fit the collection set bitmap at lower addresses. This optimizes code generation for cset checks.
 376   // Go up until a sensible limit (subject to encoding constraints) and try to reserve the space there.
 377   // If not successful, bite a bullet and allocate at whatever address.
 378   {
 379     const size_t cset_align = MAX2<size_t>(os::vm_page_size(), os::vm_allocation_granularity());
 380     const size_t cset_size = align_up(((size_t) sh_rs.base() + sh_rs.size()) >> ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_shift(), cset_align);
 381     const size_t cset_page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 382 
 383     uintptr_t min = round_up_power_of_2(cset_align);
 384     uintptr_t max = (1u << 30u);
 385     ReservedSpace cset_rs;
 386 
 387     for (uintptr_t addr = min; addr <= max; addr <<= 1u) {
 388       char* req_addr = (char*)addr;
 389       assert(is_aligned(req_addr, cset_align), "Should be aligned");
 390       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(req_addr, cset_size, cset_align, cset_page_size, mtGC);
 391       if (cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 392         assert(cset_rs.base() == req_addr, "Allocated where requested: " PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset_rs.base()), addr);
 393         _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 394         break;
 395       }
 396     }
 397 
 398     if (_collection_set == nullptr) {
 399       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(cset_size, cset_align, os::vm_page_size(), mtGC);
 400       if (!cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 401         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot reserve memory for collection set");
 402       }
 403 
 404       _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 405     }
 406     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Collection Set",
 407                                             cset_size, cset_page_size,
 408                                             cset_rs.base(),
 409                                             cset_rs.size(), cset_rs.page_size());
 410   }
 411 
 412   _regions = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahHeapRegion*, _num_regions, mtGC);
 413   _affiliations = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(uint8_t, _num_regions, mtGC);
 414 
 415   {
 416     ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
 417     for (size_t i = 0; i < _num_regions; i++) {
 418       HeapWord* start = (HeapWord*)sh_rs.base() + ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_words() * i;
 419       bool is_committed = i < num_committed_regions;
 420       void* loc = region_storage.base() + i * region_align;
 421 
 422       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = new (loc) ShenandoahHeapRegion(start, i, is_committed);
 423       assert(is_aligned(r, SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE), "Sanity");
 424 
 425       _marking_context->initialize_top_at_mark_start(r);
 426       _regions[i] = r;
 427       assert(!collection_set()->is_in(i), "New region should not be in collection set");
 428 
 429       _affiliations[i] = ShenandoahAffiliation::FREE;
 430     }
 431 
 432     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 433       size_t young_reserve = (soft_max_capacity() * ShenandoahEvacReserve) / 100;
 434       young_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve(young_reserve);
 435       old_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve((size_t) 0);
 436       old_generation()->set_promoted_reserve((size_t) 0);
 437     }
 438 
 439     _free_set = new ShenandoahFreeSet(this, _num_regions);
 440     _allocator = new ShenandoahAllocator(_free_set);
 441     initialize_generations();
 442 
 443     // We are initializing free set.  We ignore cset region tallies.
 444     size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old;
 445     _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old);
 446     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 447       ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
 448       // We cannot call
 449       //  gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_cset_regions)
 450       // until after the heap is fully initialized.  So we make up a safe value here.
 451       size_t allocation_runway = InitialHeapSize / 2;
 452       gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
 453     }
 454     _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, num_old);
 455   }
 456 
 457   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
 458     // For NUMA, it is important to pre-touch the storage under bitmaps with worker threads,
 459     // before initialize() below zeroes it with initializing thread. For any given region,
 460     // we touch the region and the corresponding bitmaps from the same thread.
 461     ShenandoahPushWorkerScope scope(workers(), _max_workers, false);
 462 
 463     _pretouch_heap_page_size = heap_page_size;
 464     _pretouch_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 465 
 466     // OS memory managers may want to coalesce back-to-back pages. Make their jobs
 467     // simpler by pre-touching continuous spaces (heap and bitmap) separately.
 468 
 469     ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask bcl(bitmap.base(), _bitmap_size, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
 470     _workers->run_task(&bcl);
 471 
 472     ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask hcl(_pretouch_heap_page_size);
 473     _workers->run_task(&hcl);
 474   }
 475 
 476   //
 477   // Initialize the rest of GC subsystems
 478   //
 479 
 480   _liveness_cache = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData*, _max_workers, mtGC);
 481   for (uint worker = 0; worker < _max_workers; worker++) {
 482     _liveness_cache[worker] = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData, _num_regions, mtGC);
 483     Copy::fill_to_bytes(_liveness_cache[worker], _num_regions * sizeof(ShenandoahLiveData));
 484   }
 485 
 486   // There should probably be Shenandoah-specific options for these,
 487   // just as there are G1-specific options.
 488   {
 489     ShenandoahSATBMarkQueueSet& satbqs = ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set();
 490     satbqs.set_process_completed_buffers_threshold(20); // G1SATBProcessCompletedThreshold
 491     satbqs.set_buffer_enqueue_threshold_percentage(60); // G1SATBBufferEnqueueingThresholdPercent
 492   }
 493 
 494   _monitoring_support = new ShenandoahMonitoringSupport(this);
 495   _phase_timings = new ShenandoahPhaseTimings(max_workers());
 496   ShenandoahCodeRoots::initialize();
 497 
 498   // Initialization of controller makes use of variables established by initialize_heuristics.
 499   initialize_controller();
 500 
 501   // Certain initialization of heuristics must be deferred until after controller is initialized.
 502   post_initialize_heuristics();
 503   start_idle_span();
 504   if (ShenandoahUncommit) {
 505     _uncommit_thread = new ShenandoahUncommitThread(this);
 506   }
 507   print_init_logger();
 508   FullGCForwarding::initialize(_heap_region);
 509   return JNI_OK;
 510 }
 511 
 512 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_controller() {
 513   _control_thread = new ShenandoahControlThread();
 514 }
 515 
 516 void ShenandoahHeap::print_init_logger() const {
 517   ShenandoahInitLogger::print();
 518 }
 519 
 520 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_mode() {
 521   if (ShenandoahGCMode != nullptr) {
 522     if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "satb") == 0) {
 523       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahSATBMode();
 524     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "passive") == 0) {
 525       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahPassiveMode();
 526     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "generational") == 0) {
 527       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahGenerationalMode();
 528     } else {
 529       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option");
 530     }
 531   } else {
 532     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option (null)");
 533   }
 534   _gc_mode->initialize_flags();
 535   if (_gc_mode->is_diagnostic() && !UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions) {
 536     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 537             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is diagnostic, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions.",
 538                     _gc_mode->name()));
 539   }
 540   if (_gc_mode->is_experimental() && !UnlockExperimentalVMOptions) {
 541     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 542             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is experimental, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions.",
 543                     _gc_mode->name()));
 544   }
 545 }
 546 
 547 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_heuristics() {
 548   _global_generation = new ShenandoahGlobalGeneration(mode()->is_generational(), max_workers());
 549   _global_generation->initialize_heuristics(mode());
 550 }
 551 
 552 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 553 #pragma warning( push )
 554 #pragma warning( disable:4355 ) // 'this' : used in base member initializer list
 555 #endif
 556 
 557 ShenandoahHeap::ShenandoahHeap(ShenandoahCollectorPolicy* policy) :
 558   CollectedHeap(),
 559   _active_generation(nullptr),
 560   _initial_size(0),
 561   _committed(0),
 562   _alloc_rate_decay(&_alloc_rate),
 563   _max_workers(MAX3(ConcGCThreads, ParallelGCThreads, 1U)),
 564   _workers(nullptr),
 565   _safepoint_workers(nullptr),
 566   _heap_region_special(false),
 567   _num_regions(0),
 568   _regions(nullptr),
 569   _affiliations(nullptr),
 570   _gc_state_changed(false),
 571   _gc_no_progress_count(0),
 572   _cancel_requested_time(0),
 573   _update_refs_iterator(this),
 574   _global_generation(nullptr),
 575   _control_thread(nullptr),
 576   _uncommit_thread(nullptr),
 577   _young_generation(nullptr),
 578   _old_generation(nullptr),
 579   _shenandoah_policy(policy),
 580   _gc_mode(nullptr),
 581   _free_set(nullptr),
 582   _allocator(nullptr),
 583   _verifier(nullptr),
 584   _phase_timings(nullptr),
 585   _monitoring_support(nullptr),
 586   _memory_pool(nullptr),
 587   _stw_memory_manager("Shenandoah Pauses"),
 588   _cycle_memory_manager("Shenandoah Cycles"),
 589   _gc_timer(new ConcurrentGCTimer()),
 590   _log_min_obj_alignment_in_bytes(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes),
 591   _marking_context(nullptr),
 592   _bitmap_size(0),
 593   _bitmap_regions_per_slice(0),
 594   _bitmap_bytes_per_slice(0),
 595   _bitmap_region_special(false),
 596   _aux_bitmap_region_special(false),
 597   _liveness_cache(nullptr),
 598   _collection_set(nullptr),
 599   _evac_tracker(new ShenandoahEvacuationTracker()),
 600   _injected_pin_count(0)
 601 {
 602   // Initialize GC mode early, many subsequent initialization procedures depend on it
 603   initialize_mode();
 604   _cancelled_gc.set(GCCause::_no_gc);
 605 }
 606 
 607 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 608 #pragma warning( pop )
 609 #endif
 610 
 611 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_on(outputStream* st) const {
 612   const bool is_generational = mode()->is_generational();
 613   const char* front_spacing = "";
 614   if (is_generational) {
 615     st->print_cr("Generational Shenandoah Heap");
 616     st->print_cr(" Young:");
 617     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->used()));
 618     st->print_cr(" Old:");
 619     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->used()));
 620     st->print_cr(" Entire heap:");
 621     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed",
 622                 PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(committed()));
 623     front_spacing = " ";
 624   } else {
 625     st->print_cr("Shenandoah Heap");
 626     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed, " PROPERFMT " used",
 627       PROPERFMTARGS(max_capacity()),
 628       PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()),
 629       PROPERFMTARGS(committed()),
 630       PROPERFMTARGS(used())
 631     );
 632   }
 633   st->print_cr("%s %zu x " PROPERFMT " regions",
 634           front_spacing,
 635           num_regions(),
 636           PROPERFMTARGS(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes()));
 637 
 638   st->print("Status: ");
 639   if (has_forwarded_objects())                 st->print("has forwarded objects, ");
 640   if (!is_generational) {
 641     if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress())      st->print("marking,");
 642   } else {
 643     if (is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress())    st->print("old marking, ");
 644     if (is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress())  st->print("young marking, ");
 645   }
 646   if (is_evacuation_in_progress())             st->print("evacuating, ");
 647   if (is_update_refs_in_progress())            st->print("updating refs, ");
 648   if (is_degenerated_gc_in_progress())         st->print("degenerated gc, ");
 649   if (is_full_gc_in_progress())                st->print("full gc, ");
 650   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress())           st->print("full gc move, ");
 651   if (is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())   st->print("concurrent weak roots, ");
 652   if (is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress() &&
 653       !is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())  st->print("concurrent strong roots, ");
 654 
 655   if (cancelled_gc()) {
 656     st->print("cancelled");
 657   } else {
 658     st->print("not cancelled");
 659   }
 660   st->cr();
 661 
 662   st->print_cr("Reserved region:");
 663   st->print_cr(" - [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT ") ",
 664                p2i(reserved_region().start()),
 665                p2i(reserved_region().end()));
 666 
 667   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cset = collection_set();
 668   st->print_cr("Collection set:");
 669   if (cset != nullptr) {
 670     st->print_cr(" - map (vanilla): " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->map_address()));
 671     st->print_cr(" - map (biased):  " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->biased_map_address()));
 672   } else {
 673     st->print_cr(" (null)");
 674   }
 675 
 676   st->cr();
 677 
 678   if (Verbose) {
 679     st->cr();
 680     print_heap_regions_on(st);
 681   }
 682 }
 683 
 684 void ShenandoahHeap::print_gc_on(outputStream* st) const {
 685   print_heap_regions_on(st);
 686 }
 687 
 688 class ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 689 public:
 690   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 691     assert(thread != nullptr, "Sanity");
 692     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::initialize_gclab(thread);
 693   }
 694 };
 695 
 696 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_generations() {
 697   _global_generation->post_initialize(this);
 698 }
 699 
 700 // We do not call this explicitly  It is called by Hotspot infrastructure.
 701 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize() {
 702   CollectedHeap::post_initialize();
 703 
 704   check_soft_max_changed();
 705 
 706   // Schedule periodic task to report on gc thread CPU utilization
 707   _mmu_tracker.initialize();
 708 
 709   // Periodically decay allocation rate to compensate for not being updated when allocation rate
 710   // is low. Heuristics are evaluated unconditionally from a dedicated thread so it will continue
 711   // to see the last (possibly stale) allocation rate if the allocation rate is low.
 712   _alloc_rate_decay.enroll();
 713 
 714   MutexLocker ml(Threads_lock);
 715 
 716   ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure init_gclabs;
 717   _workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 718 
 719   // gclab can not be initialized early during VM startup, as it can not determinate its max_size.
 720   // Now, we will let WorkerThreads to initialize gclab when new worker is created.
 721   _workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 722 
 723   // Note that the safepoint workers may require gclabs if the threads are used to create a heap dump
 724   // during a concurrent evacuation phase.
 725   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
 726     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 727     _safepoint_workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 728   }
 729 
 730   JFR_ONLY(ShenandoahJFRSupport::register_jfr_type_serializers();)
 731 }
 732 
 733 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize_heuristics() {
 734   _global_generation->post_initialize_heuristics();
 735 }
 736 
 737 ShenandoahHeuristics* ShenandoahHeap::heuristics() {
 738   return _global_generation->heuristics();
 739 }
 740 
 741 size_t ShenandoahHeap::used() const {
 742   return global_generation()->used();
 743 }
 744 
 745 size_t ShenandoahHeap::committed() const {
 746   return _committed.load_relaxed();
 747 }
 748 
 749 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_committed(size_t bytes) {
 750   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 751   _committed.fetch_then_add(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 752 }
 753 
 754 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_committed(size_t bytes) {
 755   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 756   _committed.fetch_then_sub(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 757 }
 758 
 759 size_t ShenandoahHeap::capacity() const {
 760   return committed();
 761 }
 762 
 763 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_capacity() const {
 764   return _num_regions * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 765 }
 766 
 767 size_t ShenandoahHeap::soft_max_capacity() const {
 768   size_t v = _soft_max_size.load_relaxed();
 769   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 770          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 771          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 772   return v;
 773 }
 774 
 775 void ShenandoahHeap::set_soft_max_capacity(size_t v) {
 776   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 777          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 778          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 779   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(v);
 780   heuristics()->compute_headroom_adjustment();
 781 }
 782 
 783 size_t ShenandoahHeap::min_capacity() const {
 784   return _minimum_size;
 785 }
 786 
 787 size_t ShenandoahHeap::initial_capacity() const {
 788   return _initial_size;
 789 }
 790 
 791 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_in(const void* p) const {
 792   if (!is_in_reserved(p)) {
 793     return false;
 794   }
 795 
 796   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress()) {
 797     // Full GC move is running, we do not have a consistent region
 798     // information yet. But we know the pointer is in heap.
 799     return true;
 800   }
 801 
 802   // Now check if we point to a live section in active region.
 803   const ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
 804   if (p >= r->top()) {
 805     return false;
 806   }
 807 
 808   if (r->is_active()) {
 809     return true;
 810   }
 811 
 812   // The region is trash, but won't be recycled until after concurrent weak
 813   // roots. We also don't allow mutators to allocate from trash regions
 814   // during weak roots. Concurrent class unloading may access unmarked oops
 815   // in trash regions.
 816   return r->is_trash() && is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress();
 817 }
 818 
 819 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_soft_max_changed() {
 820   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 821     _uncommit_thread->notify_soft_max_changed();
 822   }
 823 }
 824 
 825 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_explicit_gc_requested() {
 826   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 827     _uncommit_thread->notify_explicit_gc_requested();
 828   }
 829 }
 830 
 831 bool ShenandoahHeap::check_soft_max_changed() {
 832   size_t new_soft_max = AtomicAccess::load(&SoftMaxHeapSize);
 833   size_t old_soft_max = soft_max_capacity();
 834   if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 835     new_soft_max = clamp(new_soft_max, min_capacity(), max_capacity());
 836     if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 837       log_info(gc)("Soft Max Heap Size: %zu%s -> %zu%s",
 838                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(old_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(old_soft_max),
 839                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(new_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(new_soft_max)
 840       );
 841       set_soft_max_capacity(new_soft_max);
 842       return true;
 843     }
 844   }
 845   return false;
 846 }
 847 
 848 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_heap_changed() {
 849   // Update monitoring counters when we took a new region. This amortizes the
 850   // update costs on slow path.
 851   monitoring_support()->notify_heap_changed();
 852   _heap_changed.try_set();
 853 }
 854 
 855 void ShenandoahHeap::start_idle_span() {
 856   heuristics()->start_idle_span();
 857 }
 858 
 859 void ShenandoahHeap::set_forced_counters_update(bool value) {
 860   monitoring_support()->set_forced_counters_update(value);
 861 }
 862 
 863 void ShenandoahHeap::handle_force_counters_update() {
 864   monitoring_support()->handle_force_counters_update();
 865 }
 866 
 867 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_from_gclab_slow(Thread* thread, size_t size) {
 868   // New object should fit the GCLAB size
 869   size_t min_size = MAX2(size, PLAB::min_size());
 870 
 871   // Figure out size of new GCLAB, looking back at heuristics. Expand aggressively.
 872   size_t new_size = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) * 2;
 873 
 874   new_size = MIN2(new_size, PLAB::max_size());
 875   new_size = MAX2(new_size, PLAB::min_size());
 876 
 877   // Record new heuristic value even if we take any shortcut. This captures
 878   // the case when moderately-sized objects always take a shortcut. At some point,
 879   // heuristics should catch up with them.
 880   log_debug(gc, free)("Set new GCLAB size: %zu", new_size);
 881   ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, new_size);
 882 
 883   if (new_size < size) {
 884     // New size still does not fit the object. Fall back to shared allocation.
 885     // This avoids retiring perfectly good GCLABs, when we encounter a large object.
 886     log_debug(gc, free)("New gclab size (%zu) is too small for %zu", new_size, size);
 887     return nullptr;
 888   }
 889 
 890   // Retire current GCLAB, and allocate a new one.
 891   PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
 892   gclab->retire();
 893 
 894   size_t actual_size = 0;
 895   HeapWord* gclab_buf = allocate_new_gclab(min_size, new_size, &actual_size);
 896   if (gclab_buf == nullptr) {
 897     return nullptr;
 898   }
 899 
 900   assert (size <= actual_size, "allocation should fit");
 901 
 902   // ...and clear or zap just allocated TLAB, if needed.
 903   if (ZeroTLAB) {
 904     Copy::zero_to_words(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 905   } else if (ZapTLAB) {
 906     // Skip mangling the space corresponding to the object header to
 907     // ensure that the returned space is not considered parsable by
 908     // any concurrent GC thread.
 909     size_t hdr_size = oopDesc::header_size();
 910     Copy::fill_to_words(gclab_buf + hdr_size, actual_size - hdr_size, badHeapWordVal);
 911   }
 912   gclab->set_buf(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 913   return gclab->allocate(size);
 914 }
 915 
 916 // Called from stubs in JIT code or interpreter
 917 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_tlab(size_t min_size,
 918                                             size_t requested_size,
 919                                             size_t* actual_size) {
 920   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_tlab(min_size, requested_size);
 921   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 922   if (res != nullptr) {
 923     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 924   } else {
 925     *actual_size = 0;
 926   }
 927   return res;
 928 }
 929 
 930 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_gclab(size_t min_size,
 931                                              size_t word_size,
 932                                              size_t* actual_size) {
 933   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_gclab(min_size, word_size);
 934   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 935   if (res != nullptr) {
 936     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 937   } else {
 938     *actual_size = 0;
 939   }
 940   return res;
 941 }
 942 
 943 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req) {
 944   bool in_new_region = false;
 945   HeapWord* result = nullptr;
 946 
 947   if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
 948 
 949     if (!ShenandoahAllocFailureALot || !should_inject_alloc_failure()) {
 950       result = allocate_memory_work(req, in_new_region);
 951     }
 952 
 953     // Check that gc overhead is not exceeded.
 954     //
 955     // Shenandoah will grind along for quite a while allocating one
 956     // object at a time using shared (non-tlab) allocations. This check
 957     // is testing that the GC overhead limit has not been exceeded.
 958     // This will notify the collector to start a cycle, but will raise
 959     // an OOME to the mutator if the last Full GCs have not made progress.
 960     // gc_no_progress_count is incremented following each degen or full GC that fails to achieve is_good_progress().
 961     if (result == nullptr && !req.is_lab_alloc() && get_gc_no_progress_count() > ShenandoahNoProgressThreshold) {
 962       control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, false);
 963       req.set_actual_size(0);
 964       return nullptr;
 965     }
 966 
 967     if (result == nullptr) {
 968       // Block until control thread reacted, then retry allocation.
 969       //
 970       // It might happen that one of the threads requesting allocation would unblock
 971       // way later after GC happened, only to fail the second allocation, because
 972       // other threads have already depleted the free storage. In this case, a better
 973       // strategy is to try again, until at least one full GC has completed.
 974       //
 975       // Stop retrying and return nullptr to cause OOMError exception if our allocation failed even after:
 976       //   a) We experienced a GC that had good progress, or
 977       //   b) We experienced at least one Full GC (whether or not it had good progress)
 978 
 979       const size_t original_count = shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count();
 980       while (result == nullptr && should_retry_allocation(original_count)) {
 981         control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, true);
 982         result = allocate_memory_work(req, in_new_region);
 983       }
 984       if (result != nullptr) {
 985         // If our allocation request has been satisfied after it initially failed, we count this as good gc progress
 986         notify_gc_progress();
 987       }
 988       if (log_develop_is_enabled(Debug, gc, alloc)) {
 989         ResourceMark rm;
 990         log_debug(gc, alloc)("Thread: %s, Result: " PTR_FORMAT ", Request: %s, Size: %zu"
 991                              ", Original: %zu, Latest: %zu",
 992                              Thread::current()->name(), p2i(result), req.type_string(), req.size(),
 993                              original_count, get_gc_no_progress_count());
 994       }
 995     }
 996   } else {
 997     assert(req.is_gc_alloc(), "Can only accept GC allocs here");
 998     result = allocate_memory_work(req, in_new_region);
 999     // Do not call handle_alloc_failure() here, because we cannot block.
1000     // The allocation failure would be handled by the LRB slowpath with handle_alloc_failure_evac().
1001   }
1002 
1003   if (in_new_region) {
1004     notify_heap_changed();
1005   }
1006 
1007   if (result == nullptr) {
1008     req.set_actual_size(0);
1009   }
1010 
1011   if (result != nullptr) {
1012     size_t requested = req.size();
1013     size_t actual = req.actual_size();
1014 
1015     assert (req.is_lab_alloc() || (requested == actual),
1016             "Only LAB allocations are elastic: %s, requested = %zu, actual = %zu",
1017             req.type_string(), requested, actual);
1018   }
1019 
1020   return result;
1021 }
1022 
1023 inline bool ShenandoahHeap::should_retry_allocation(size_t original_full_gc_count) const {
1024   return shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count() == original_full_gc_count
1025       && !shenandoah_policy()->is_at_shutdown();
1026 }
1027 
1028 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory_work(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req, bool& in_new_region) {
1029   // Reserve the promotion budget up front so it is enforced atomically without the heap lock.
1030   // If the reserve is exhausted, deny the promotion rather than overshoot it; the reservation
1031   // is refunded below if the allocation itself fails.
1032   if (req.is_promotion() && !old_generation()->try_expend_promoted(req.size() << LogHeapWordSize)) {
1033     return nullptr;
1034   }
1035 
1036   HeapWord* result = _allocator->allocate(req, in_new_region);
1037 
1038   if (result != nullptr) {
1039     if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
1040       _alloc_rate.allocated((req.actual_size() + req.waste()) * HeapWordSize);
1041     }
1042 
1043     if (req.is_old()) {
1044       if (req.is_lab_alloc()) {
1045         old_generation()->configure_plab_for_current_thread(req);
1046       } else if (req.is_promotion()) {
1047         log_debug(gc, plab)("Expend shared promotion of %zu bytes", req.actual_size() * HeapWordSize);
1048       }
1049     }
1050   } else if (req.is_promotion()) {
1051     // Allocation failed, so refund the promotion budget reserved above.
1052     old_generation()->unexpend_promoted(req.size() << LogHeapWordSize);
1053   }
1054   return result;
1055 }
1056 
1057 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::mem_allocate(size_t size) {
1058   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared(size);
1059   return allocate_memory(req);
1060 }
1061 
1062 oop ShenandoahHeap::array_allocate(Klass* klass, size_t size, int length, bool do_zero, TRAPS) {
1063   ShenandoahObjArrayAllocator allocator(klass, size, length, do_zero, THREAD);
1064   return allocator.allocate();
1065 }
1066 
1067 MetaWord* ShenandoahHeap::satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
1068                                                              size_t size,
1069                                                              Metaspace::MetadataType mdtype) {
1070   MetaWord* result;
1071 
1072   // Inform metaspace OOM to GC heuristics if class unloading is possible.
1073   ShenandoahHeuristics* h = global_generation()->heuristics();
1074   if (h->can_unload_classes()) {
1075     h->record_metaspace_oom();
1076   }
1077 
1078   // Expand and retry allocation
1079   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1080   if (result != nullptr) {
1081     return result;
1082   }
1083 
1084   // Start full GC
1085   collect(GCCause::_metadata_GC_clear_soft_refs);
1086 
1087   // Retry allocation
1088   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->allocate(size, mdtype);
1089   if (result != nullptr) {
1090     return result;
1091   }
1092 
1093   // Expand and retry allocation
1094   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1095   if (result != nullptr) {
1096     return result;
1097   }
1098 
1099   // Out of memory
1100   return nullptr;
1101 }
1102 
1103 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1104 private:
1105   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1106   Thread* const _thread;
1107 public:
1108   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
1109     _heap(heap), _thread(Thread::current()) {}
1110 
1111   void do_object(oop p) {
1112     shenandoah_assert_marked(nullptr, p);
1113     if (!p->is_forwarded()) {
1114       _heap->evacuate_object(p, _thread);
1115     }
1116   }
1117 };
1118 
1119 class ShenandoahEvacuationTask : public WorkerTask {
1120 private:
1121   ShenandoahHeap* const _sh;
1122   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1123   bool _concurrent;
1124 public:
1125   ShenandoahEvacuationTask(ShenandoahHeap* sh,
1126                            ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs,
1127                            bool concurrent) :
1128     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuation"),
1129     _sh(sh),
1130     _cs(cs),
1131     _concurrent(concurrent)
1132   {}
1133 
1134   void work(uint worker_id) {
1135     if (_concurrent) {
1136       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1137       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1138       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
1139       do_work();
1140     } else {
1141       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1142       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1143       do_work();
1144     }
1145   }
1146 
1147 private:
1148   void do_work() {
1149     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure cl(_sh);
1150     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1151     while ((r =_cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1152       assert(r->has_live(), "Region %zu should have been reclaimed early", r->index());
1153       _sh->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1154 
1155       if (_sh->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(_concurrent)) {
1156         break;
1157       }
1158     }
1159   }
1160 };
1161 
1162 class ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1163 private:
1164   bool const _resize;
1165 public:
1166   explicit ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure(bool resize) : _resize(resize) {}
1167   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1168     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1169     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1170     gclab->retire();
1171     if (_resize && ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) > 0) {
1172       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, 0);
1173     }
1174 
1175     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1176       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1177       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1178 
1179       // There are two reasons to retire all plabs between old-gen evacuation passes.
1180       //  1. We need to make the plab memory parsable by remembered-set scanning.
1181       //  2. We need to establish a trustworthy UpdateWaterMark value within each old-gen heap region
1182       shenandoah_plab->retire();
1183 
1184       // Re-enable promotions for the next evacuation phase.
1185       shenandoah_plab->enable_promotions();
1186 
1187       // Reset the fill size for next evacuation phase.
1188       if (_resize && shenandoah_plab->desired_size() > 0) {
1189         shenandoah_plab->set_desired_size(0);
1190       }
1191     }
1192   }
1193 };
1194 
1195 class ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1196 public:
1197   explicit ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1198     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah GC State Change"),
1199     _gc_state(gc_state) {}
1200 
1201   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1202     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gc_state(thread, _gc_state);
1203   }
1204 private:
1205   char _gc_state;
1206 };
1207 
1208 class ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1209 public:
1210   explicit ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1211     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Prepare for Update Refs"),
1212     _retire(ResizeTLAB), _propagator(gc_state) {}
1213 
1214   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1215     _propagator.do_thread(thread);
1216     if (ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread) != nullptr) {
1217       _retire.do_thread(thread);
1218     }
1219   }
1220 private:
1221   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure _retire;
1222   ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure _propagator;
1223 };
1224 
1225 void ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_collection_set(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
1226   assert(generation->is_global(), "Only global generation expected here");
1227   ShenandoahEvacuationTask task(this, _collection_set, concurrent);
1228   workers()->run_task(&task);
1229 }
1230 
1231 class ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1232 public:
1233   ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure() : HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Complete stacks handshake") {}
1234   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1235     if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
1236       JavaThread* jt = JavaThread::cast(thread);
1237       StackWatermarkSet::finish_processing(jt, nullptr, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
1238     }
1239   }
1240 };
1241 
1242 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_prepare_for_update_refs() {
1243   // Make sure the current stack watermark machinery has completed before we drop evac flags.
1244   // Otherwise the stack processing on stack unwinding may enter evac closure concurrently.
1245   ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure cl;
1246   Handshake::execute(&cl);
1247 
1248   {
1249     // Java threads take this lock while they are being attached and added to the list of threads.
1250     // If another thread holds this lock before we update the gc state, it will receive a stale
1251     // gc state, but they will have been added to the list of java threads and so will be corrected
1252     // by the following handshake.
1253     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1254 
1255     // A cancellation at this point means the degenerated cycle must resume from update-refs.
1256     set_gc_state_concurrent(EVACUATION, false);
1257     set_gc_state_concurrent(UPDATE_REFS, true);
1258   }
1259 
1260   // This will propagate the gc state and retire gclabs and plabs for threads that require it.
1261   ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure prepare_for_update_refs(_gc_state.raw_value());
1262 
1263   // The handshake won't touch worker threads (or control thread, or VM thread), so do those separately.
1264   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1265 
1266   // Now retire gclabs and plabs and propagate gc_state for mutator threads
1267   Handshake::execute(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1268 
1269   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
1270 }
1271 
1272 void ShenandoahHeap::op_conc_roots() {
1273   // Make sure the current stack watermark machinery has completed before we drop flags.
1274   ShenandoahCompleteStackwatermarkHandshakeClosure cl;
1275   Handshake::execute(&cl);
1276 
1277   {
1278     // Java threads take this lock while they are being attached and added to the list of threads.
1279     // If another thread holds this lock before we update the gc state, it will receive a stale
1280     // gc state, but they will have been added to the list of java threads and so will be corrected
1281     // by the following handshake.
1282     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1283 
1284     set_gc_state_concurrent(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1285   }
1286 
1287   ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
1288   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&propagator);
1289   Handshake::execute(&propagator);
1290 }
1291 
1292 void ShenandoahHeap::op_final_roots() {
1293   // Arm the nmethods to put barriers down.
1294   ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods();
1295   ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
1296 }
1297 
1298 oop ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread) {
1299   assert(thread == Thread::current(), "Expected thread parameter to be current thread.");
1300 
1301   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
1302   assert(!r->is_humongous(), "never evacuate humongous objects");
1303 
1304   ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen = r->affiliation();
1305   return try_evacuate_object(p, thread, r, target_gen);
1306 }
1307 
1308 oop ShenandoahHeap::try_evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread, ShenandoahHeapRegion* from_region,
1309                                                ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen) {
1310   assert(target_gen == YOUNG_GENERATION, "Only expect evacuations to young in this mode");
1311   assert(from_region->is_young(), "Only expect evacuations from young in this mode");
1312   bool alloc_from_lab = true;
1313   HeapWord* copy = nullptr;
1314   size_t size = ShenandoahForwarding::size(p);
1315 
1316 #ifdef ASSERT
1317   if (ShenandoahOOMDuringEvacALot &&
1318       (os::random() & 1) == 0) { // Simulate OOM every ~2nd slow-path call
1319     copy = nullptr;
1320   } else {
1321 #endif
1322     if (UseTLAB) {
1323       copy = allocate_from_gclab(thread, size);
1324     }
1325     if (copy == nullptr) {
1326       // If we failed to allocate in LAB, we'll try a shared allocation.
1327       ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared_gc(size, target_gen);
1328       copy = allocate_memory(req);
1329       alloc_from_lab = false;
1330     }
1331 #ifdef ASSERT
1332   }
1333 #endif
1334 
1335   if (copy == nullptr) {
1336     control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure_evac(size);
1337 
1338     // Install the self-forwarded bit on p so other evacuators/LRBs see
1339     // the object as "already handled, do not try to evacuate". The CAS
1340     // may fail if another thread concurrently installed a real forwardee
1341     // (they succeeded where we failed) or self-forwarded first.
1342     markWord old_mark = p->mark();
1343     if (old_mark.is_forwarded()) {
1344       return ShenandoahForwarding::get_forwardee(p);
1345     }
1346     oop winner = ShenandoahForwarding::try_forward_to_self(p, old_mark);
1347     if (winner == nullptr) {
1348       // We own the self-forwarding. Flag the region so the degen/full GC
1349       // entry drain knows to scan it for self_fwd bits to clear.
1350       from_region->set_has_self_forwards();
1351       return p;
1352     }
1353     return winner;
1354   }
1355 
1356   if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1357     evac_tracker()->begin_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1358   }
1359 
1360   // Copy the object:
1361   Copy::aligned_disjoint_words(cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(p), copy, size);
1362 
1363   oop copy_val = cast_to_oop(copy);
1364 
1365   // Relativize stack chunks before publishing the copy. After the forwarding CAS,
1366   // mutators can see the copy and thaw it via the fast path if flags == 0. We must
1367   // relativize derived pointers and set gc_mode before that happens. Skip if the
1368   // copy's mark word is already a forwarding pointer (another thread won the race
1369   // and overwrote the original's header before we copied it).
1370   if (!ShenandoahForwarding::is_forwarded(copy_val)) {
1371     ContinuationGCSupport::relativize_stack_chunk(copy_val);
1372   }
1373 
1374   // Try to install the new forwarding pointer.
1375   oop result = ShenandoahForwarding::try_update_forwardee(p, copy_val);
1376   if (result == copy_val) {
1377     // Successfully evacuated. Our copy is now the public one!
1378     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1379     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1380       evac_tracker()->end_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1381     }
1382     return copy_val;
1383   }  else {
1384     // Failed to evacuate. We need to deal with the object that is left behind. Since this
1385     // new allocation is certainly after TAMS, it will be considered live in the next cycle.
1386     // But if it happens to contain references to evacuated regions, those references would
1387     // not get updated for this stale copy during this cycle, and we will crash while scanning
1388     // it the next cycle.
1389     if (alloc_from_lab) {
1390       // For LAB allocations, it is enough to rollback the allocation ptr. Either the next
1391       // object will overwrite this stale copy, or the filler object on LAB retirement will
1392       // do this.
1393       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread)->undo_allocation(copy, size);
1394     } else {
1395       // For non-LAB allocations, we have no way to retract the allocation, and
1396       // have to explicitly overwrite the copy with the filler object. With that overwrite,
1397       // we have to keep the fwdptr initialized and pointing to our (stale) copy.
1398       assert(size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated object known to be larger than min_size");
1399       fill_with_object(copy, size);
1400       shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1401       // For non-LAB allocations, the object has already been registered
1402     }
1403     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, result);
1404     return result;
1405   }
1406 }
1407 
1408 // Clear the self_fwd bit on a live cset object, if set. Runs at a safepoint,
1409 // so a plain store is sufficient — no concurrent writers to the mark word.
1410 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1411 public:
1412   void do_object(oop obj) override {
1413     markWord m = obj->mark();
1414     if (m.is_self_forwarded()) {
1415       obj->set_mark(m.unset_self_forwarded());
1416     }
1417   }
1418 };
1419 
1420 // Parallel task over flagged cset regions. Iterates the live objects via the
1421 // mark bitmap (skipping evacuated and never-marked memory), clears self_fwd
1422 // bits, and resets the region flag once done.
1423 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask : public WorkerTask {
1424 private:
1425   ShenandoahHeap*          const _heap;
1426   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1427 
1428 public:
1429   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask(ShenandoahHeap* heap, ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs) :
1430     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Un-Self-Forward"),
1431     _heap(heap),
1432     _cs(cs) {}
1433 
1434   void work(uint worker_id) override {
1435     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1436     ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure cl;
1437     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1438     while ((r = _cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1439       if (r->has_self_forwards()) {
1440         _heap->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1441         r->clear_has_self_forwards();
1442       }
1443     }
1444   }
1445 };
1446 
1447 void ShenandoahHeap::un_self_forward_cset_regions() {
1448   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1449   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1450   if (cs == nullptr || cs->is_empty()) {
1451     return;
1452   }
1453   cs->clear_current_index();
1454   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask task(this, cs);
1455   workers()->run_task(&task);
1456   DEBUG_ONLY(assert_no_self_forwards());
1457 }
1458 
1459 #ifdef ASSERT
1460 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_no_self_forwards() const {
1461   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1462   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1463   if (cs == nullptr) return;
1464   cs->clear_current_index();
1465   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1466   while ((r = cs->next()) != nullptr) {
1467     assert(!r->has_self_forwards(), "region still flagged after drain");
1468   }
1469   cs->clear_current_index();
1470 }
1471 #endif
1472 
1473 void ShenandoahHeap::trash_cset_regions() {
1474   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
1475 
1476   ShenandoahCollectionSet* set = collection_set();
1477   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1478   set->clear_current_index();
1479   while ((r = set->next()) != nullptr) {
1480     r->make_trash();
1481   }
1482   collection_set()->clear();
1483 }
1484 
1485 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_regions_on(outputStream* st) const {
1486   st->print_cr("Heap Regions:");
1487   st->print_cr("Region state: EU=empty-uncommitted, EC=empty-committed, R=regular, H=humongous start, HP=pinned humongous start");
1488   st->print_cr("              HC=humongous continuation, CS=collection set, TR=trash, P=pinned, CSP=pinned collection set");
1489   st->print_cr("BTE=bottom/top/end, TAMS=top-at-mark-start");
1490   st->print_cr("UWM=update watermark, U=used");
1491   st->print_cr("T=TLAB allocs, G=GCLAB allocs");
1492   st->print_cr("S=shared allocs, L=live data");
1493   st->print_cr("CP=critical pins");
1494 
1495   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
1496     get_region(i)->print_on(st);
1497   }
1498 }
1499 
1500 void ShenandoahHeap::process_gc_stats() const {
1501   // Commit worker statistics to cycle data
1502   phase_timings()->flush_par_workers_to_cycle();
1503 
1504   // Print GC stats for current cycle
1505   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1506   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1507     ResourceMark rm;
1508     LogStream ls(lt);
1509     phase_timings()->print_cycle_on(&ls);
1510     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1511       ShenandoahCycleStats  evac_stats = evac_tracker()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1512       evac_tracker()->print_evacuations_on(&ls, &evac_stats.workers,
1513                                                &evac_stats.mutators);
1514     }
1515   }
1516 
1517   // Commit statistics to globals
1518   phase_timings()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1519 }
1520 
1521 size_t ShenandoahHeap::trash_humongous_region_at(ShenandoahHeapRegion* start) const {
1522   assert(start->is_humongous_start(), "reclaim regions starting with the first one");
1523   assert(!start->has_live(), "liveness must be zero");
1524 
1525   // Do not try to get the size of this humongous object. STW collections will
1526   // have already unloaded classes, so an unmarked object may have a bad klass pointer.
1527   ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = start;
1528   size_t index = region->index();
1529   do {
1530     assert(region->is_humongous(), "Expect correct humongous start or continuation");
1531     assert(!region->is_cset(), "Humongous region should not be in collection set");
1532     region->make_trash_immediate();
1533     region = get_region(++index);
1534   } while (region != nullptr && region->is_humongous_continuation());
1535 
1536   // Return number of regions trashed
1537   return index - start->index();
1538 }
1539 
1540 class ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1541 public:
1542   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure() {}
1543   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1544     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1545     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1546     assert(gclab->words_remaining() == 0, "GCLAB should not need retirement");
1547 
1548     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1549       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1550       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1551       assert(shenandoah_plab->plab()->words_remaining() == 0, "PLAB should not need retirement");
1552     }
1553   }
1554 };
1555 
1556 void ShenandoahHeap::labs_make_parsable() {
1557   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1558 
1559   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(false);
1560 
1561   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1562     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer& tlab = t->tlab();
1563     tlab.make_parsable();
1564     if (ZeroTLAB) {
1565       t->retire_tlab();
1566     }
1567     cl.do_thread(t);
1568   }
1569 
1570   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1571 
1572   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1573     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1574   }
1575 }
1576 
1577 void ShenandoahHeap::tlabs_retire(bool resize) {
1578   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1579   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1580 
1581   ThreadLocalAllocStats stats;
1582 
1583   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1584     t->retire_tlab(&stats);
1585     if (resize) {
1586       t->tlab().resize();
1587     }
1588   }
1589 
1590   stats.publish();
1591 
1592 #ifdef ASSERT
1593   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure cl;
1594   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1595     cl.do_thread(t);
1596   }
1597   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1598 #endif
1599 }
1600 
1601 void ShenandoahHeap::gclabs_retire(bool resize) {
1602   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1603   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1604 
1605   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(resize);
1606   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1607     cl.do_thread(t);
1608   }
1609 
1610   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1611 
1612   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1613     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1614   }
1615 }
1616 
1617 // Returns size in bytes
1618 size_t ShenandoahHeap::unsafe_max_tlab_alloc() const {
1619   // Return the max allowed size, and let the allocation path
1620   // figure out the safe size for current allocation.
1621   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_bytes();
1622 }
1623 
1624 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_tlab_size() const {
1625   // Returns size in words
1626   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_words();
1627 }
1628 
1629 void ShenandoahHeap::collect_as_vm_thread(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1630   // These requests are ignored because we can't easily have Shenandoah jump into
1631   // a synchronous (degenerated or full) cycle while it is in the middle of a concurrent
1632   // cycle. We _could_ cancel the concurrent cycle and then try to run a cycle directly
1633   // on the VM thread, but this would confuse the control thread mightily and doesn't
1634   // seem worth the trouble. Instead, we will have the caller thread run (and wait for) a
1635   // concurrent cycle in the prologue of the heap inspect/dump operation (see VM_HeapDumper::doit_prologue).
1636   // This is how other concurrent collectors in the JVM handle this scenario as well.
1637   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Should be the VM thread");
1638   guarantee(cause == GCCause::_heap_dump || cause == GCCause::_heap_inspection, "Invalid cause");
1639 }
1640 
1641 void ShenandoahHeap::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1642   control_thread()->request_gc(cause);
1643 }
1644 
1645 void ShenandoahHeap::do_full_collection(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
1646   // This method is only called by `CollectedHeap::collect_as_vm_thread`, which we have
1647   // overridden to do nothing. See the comment there for an explanation of how heap inspections
1648   // work for Shenandoah.
1649   ShouldNotReachHere();
1650 }
1651 
1652 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::block_start(const void* addr) const {
1653   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1654   if (r != nullptr) {
1655     return r->block_start(addr);
1656   }
1657   return nullptr;
1658 }
1659 
1660 bool ShenandoahHeap::block_is_obj(const HeapWord* addr) const {
1661   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1662   return r->block_is_obj(addr);
1663 }
1664 
1665 bool ShenandoahHeap::print_location(outputStream* st, void* addr) const {
1666   return BlockLocationPrinter<ShenandoahHeap>::print_location(st, addr);
1667 }
1668 
1669 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_for_verify() {
1670   if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() && UseTLAB) {
1671     labs_make_parsable();
1672   }
1673 }
1674 
1675 void ShenandoahHeap::gc_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tcl) const {
1676   if (_shenandoah_policy->is_at_shutdown()) {
1677     return;
1678   }
1679 
1680   if (_control_thread != nullptr) {
1681     tcl->do_thread(_control_thread);
1682   }
1683 
1684   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
1685     tcl->do_thread(_uncommit_thread);
1686   }
1687 
1688   workers()->threads_do(tcl);
1689   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
1690     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(tcl);
1691   }
1692 }
1693 
1694 void ShenandoahHeap::print_tracing_info() const {
1695   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1696   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1697     ResourceMark rm;
1698     LogStream ls(lt);
1699 
1700     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1701       evac_tracker()->print_global_on(&ls);
1702       ls.cr();
1703       ls.cr();
1704     }
1705 
1706     phase_timings()->print_global_on(&ls);
1707 
1708     ls.cr();
1709     ls.cr();
1710 
1711     shenandoah_policy()->print_gc_stats(&ls);
1712 
1713     ls.cr();
1714     ls.cr();
1715   }
1716 }
1717 
1718 // Active generation may only be set by the VM thread at a safepoint.
1719 void ShenandoahHeap::set_active_generation(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1720   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only the VM Thread");
1721   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Only at a safepoint!");
1722   _active_generation = generation;
1723 }
1724 
1725 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_start(GCCause::Cause cause, ShenandoahGeneration* generation,
1726                                     bool is_degenerated, bool is_out_of_cycle) {
1727   shenandoah_policy()->record_collection_cause(cause);
1728 
1729   const GCCause::Cause current = gc_cause();
1730   assert(current == GCCause::_no_gc, "Over-writing cause: %s, with: %s",
1731          GCCause::to_string(current), GCCause::to_string(cause));
1732 
1733   set_gc_cause(cause);
1734 
1735   if (is_degenerated) {
1736     generation->heuristics()->record_degenerated_cycle_start(is_out_of_cycle);
1737   } else {
1738     generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_start();
1739   }
1740 }
1741 
1742 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_end(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1743   assert(gc_cause() != GCCause::_no_gc, "cause wasn't set");
1744 
1745   generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1746   if (mode()->is_generational() && generation->is_global()) {
1747     // If we just completed a GLOBAL GC, claim credit for completion of young-gen and old-gen GC as well
1748     young_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1749     old_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1750   }
1751 
1752   set_gc_cause(GCCause::_no_gc);
1753 }
1754 
1755 void ShenandoahHeap::verify(VerifyOption vo) {
1756   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
1757     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1758       verifier()->verify_generic(active_generation(), vo);
1759     } else {
1760       // TODO: Consider allocating verification bitmaps on demand,
1761       // and turn this on unconditionally.
1762     }
1763   }
1764 }
1765 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_capacity() const {
1766   return _free_set->capacity_not_holding_lock();
1767 }
1768 
1769 class ObjectIterateScanRootClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1770 private:
1771   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1772   ShenandoahScanObjectStack* _oop_stack;
1773   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1774   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1775 
1776   template <class T>
1777   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1778     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1779     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1780       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1781       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1782         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1783         return;
1784       }
1785       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1786 
1787       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1788       if (!_bitmap->is_marked(obj)) {
1789         _bitmap->mark(obj);
1790         _oop_stack->push(obj);
1791       }
1792     }
1793   }
1794 public:
1795   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack) :
1796     _bitmap(bitmap), _oop_stack(oop_stack), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1797     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1798   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1799   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1800 };
1801 
1802 /*
1803  * This is public API, used in preparation of object_iterate().
1804  * Since we don't do linear scan of heap in object_iterate() (see comment below), we don't
1805  * need to make the heap parsable. For Shenandoah-internal linear heap scans that we can
1806  * control, we call SH::tlabs_retire, SH::gclabs_retire.
1807  */
1808 void ShenandoahHeap::ensure_parsability(bool retire_tlabs) {
1809   // No-op.
1810 }
1811 
1812 /*
1813  * Iterates objects in the heap. This is public API, used for, e.g., heap dumping.
1814  *
1815  * We cannot safely iterate objects by doing a linear scan at random points in time. Linear
1816  * scanning needs to deal with dead objects, which may have dead Klass* pointers (e.g.
1817  * calling oopDesc::size() would crash) or dangling reference fields (crashes) etc. Linear
1818  * scanning therefore depends on having a valid marking bitmap to support it. However, we only
1819  * have a valid marking bitmap after successful marking. In particular, we *don't* have a valid
1820  * marking bitmap during marking, after aborted marking or during/after cleanup (when we just
1821  * wiped the bitmap in preparation for next marking).
1822  *
1823  * For all those reasons, we implement object iteration as a single marking traversal, reporting
1824  * objects as we mark+traverse through the heap, starting from GC roots. JVMTI IterateThroughHeap
1825  * is allowed to report dead objects, but is not required to do so.
1826  */
1827 void ShenandoahHeap::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
1828   // Reset bitmap
1829   if (!prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration())
1830     return;
1831 
1832   ShenandoahScanObjectStack oop_stack;
1833   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(&_aux_bit_map, &oop_stack);
1834   // Seed the stack with root scan
1835   scan_roots_for_iteration(&oop_stack, &oops);
1836 
1837   // Work through the oop stack to traverse heap
1838   while (! oop_stack.is_empty()) {
1839     oop obj = oop_stack.pop();
1840     assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1841     cl->do_object(obj);
1842     obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1843   }
1844 
1845   assert(oop_stack.is_empty(), "should be empty");
1846   // Reclaim bitmap
1847   reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1848 }
1849 
1850 bool ShenandoahHeap::prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1851   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1852   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1853     bool success = os::commit_memory((char *) _aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size(), false);
1854     if (!success) {
1855       log_warning(gc)("Auxiliary marking bitmap commit failed: " PTR_FORMAT " (%zu bytes)",
1856                       p2i(_aux_bitmap_region.start()), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1857       return false;
1858     }
1859   }
1860   _aux_bit_map.clear();
1861   return true;
1862 }
1863 
1864 void ShenandoahHeap::scan_roots_for_iteration(ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack, ObjectIterateScanRootClosure* oops) {
1865   // Process GC roots according to current GC cycle
1866   // This populates the work stack with initial objects
1867   // It is important to relinquish the associated locks before diving
1868   // into heap dumper
1869   uint n_workers = safepoint_workers() != nullptr ? safepoint_workers()->active_workers() : 1;
1870   ShenandoahHeapIterationRootScanner rp(n_workers);
1871   rp.roots_do(oops);
1872 }
1873 
1874 void ShenandoahHeap::reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1875   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1876     os::uncommit_memory((char*)_aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1877   }
1878 }
1879 
1880 // Closure for parallelly iterate objects
1881 class ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1882 private:
1883   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1884   ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* _queue;
1885   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1886   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1887 
1888   template <class T>
1889   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1890     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1891     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1892       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1893       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1894         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1895         return;
1896       }
1897       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1898 
1899       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "Must be a valid oop");
1900       if (_bitmap->par_mark(obj)) {
1901         _queue->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1902       }
1903     }
1904   }
1905 public:
1906   ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q) :
1907     _bitmap(bitmap), _queue(q), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1908     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1909   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1910   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1911 };
1912 
1913 // Object iterator for parallel heap iteraion.
1914 // The root scanning phase happenes in construction as a preparation of
1915 // parallel marking queues.
1916 // Every worker processes it's own marking queue. work-stealing is used
1917 // to balance workload.
1918 class ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator : public ParallelObjectIteratorImpl {
1919 private:
1920   uint                         _num_workers;
1921   bool                         _init_ready;
1922   MarkBitMap*                  _aux_bit_map;
1923   ShenandoahHeap*              _heap;
1924   ShenandoahScanObjectStack    _roots_stack; // global roots stack
1925   ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* _task_queues;
1926 public:
1927   ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(uint num_workers, MarkBitMap* bitmap) :
1928         _num_workers(num_workers),
1929         _init_ready(false),
1930         _aux_bit_map(bitmap),
1931         _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()) {
1932     // Initialize bitmap
1933     _init_ready = _heap->prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1934     if (!_init_ready) {
1935       return;
1936     }
1937 
1938     ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, &_roots_stack);
1939     _heap->scan_roots_for_iteration(&_roots_stack, &oops);
1940 
1941     _init_ready = prepare_worker_queues();
1942   }
1943 
1944   ~ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator() {
1945     // Reclaim bitmap
1946     _heap->reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1947     // Reclaim queue for workers
1948     if (_task_queues!= nullptr) {
1949       for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1950         ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = _task_queues->queue(i);
1951         if (q != nullptr) {
1952           delete q;
1953           _task_queues->register_queue(i, nullptr);
1954         }
1955       }
1956       delete _task_queues;
1957       _task_queues = nullptr;
1958     }
1959   }
1960 
1961   virtual void object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl, uint worker_id) {
1962     if (_init_ready) {
1963       object_iterate_parallel(cl, worker_id, _task_queues);
1964     }
1965   }
1966 
1967 private:
1968   // Divide global root_stack into worker queues
1969   bool prepare_worker_queues() {
1970     _task_queues = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet((int) _num_workers);
1971     // Initialize queues for every workers
1972     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1973       ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* task_queue = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueue();
1974       _task_queues->register_queue(i, task_queue);
1975     }
1976     // Divide roots among the workers. Assume that object referencing distribution
1977     // is related with root kind, use round-robin to make every worker have same chance
1978     // to process every kind of roots
1979     size_t roots_num = _roots_stack.size();
1980     if (roots_num == 0) {
1981       // No work to do
1982       return false;
1983     }
1984 
1985     for (uint j = 0; j < roots_num; j++) {
1986       uint stack_id = j % _num_workers;
1987       oop obj = _roots_stack.pop();
1988       _task_queues->queue(stack_id)->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1989     }
1990     return true;
1991   }
1992 
1993   void object_iterate_parallel(ObjectClosure* cl,
1994                                uint worker_id,
1995                                ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* queue_set) {
1996     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1997     assert(queue_set != nullptr, "task queue must not be null");
1998 
1999     ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = queue_set->queue(worker_id);
2000     assert(q != nullptr, "object iterate queue must not be null");
2001 
2002     ShenandoahMarkTask t;
2003     ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, q);
2004 
2005     // Work through the queue to traverse heap.
2006     // Steal when there is no task in queue.
2007     while (q->pop(t) || queue_set->steal(worker_id, t)) {
2008       oop obj = t.obj();
2009       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
2010       cl->do_object(obj);
2011       obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
2012     }
2013     assert(q->is_empty(), "should be empty");
2014   }
2015 };
2016 
2017 ParallelObjectIteratorImpl* ShenandoahHeap::parallel_object_iterator(uint workers) {
2018   return new ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(workers, &_aux_bit_map);
2019 }
2020 
2021 // Keep alive an object that was loaded with AS_NO_KEEPALIVE.
2022 void ShenandoahHeap::keep_alive(oop obj) {
2023   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() && (obj != nullptr)) {
2024     ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->enqueue(obj);
2025   }
2026 }
2027 
2028 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2029   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2030     ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = get_region(i);
2031     blk->heap_region_do(current);
2032   }
2033 }
2034 
2035 class ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask : public WorkerTask {
2036 private:
2037   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
2038   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* _closure;
2039 
2040 public:
2041   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure)
2042     : WorkerTask("Shenandoah Heap Region Iterator")
2043     , _closure(closure) {}
2044 
2045   void work(uint worker_id) override {
2046     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2047     ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = _regions.next();
2048     while (region != nullptr) {
2049       _closure->heap_region_do(region);
2050       region = _regions.next();
2051     }
2052   }
2053 };
2054 
2055 class ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask : public WorkerTask {
2056 private:
2057   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
2058   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* const _blk;
2059   size_t const _stride;
2060 
2061   shenandoah_padding(0);
2062   Atomic<size_t> _index;
2063   shenandoah_padding(1);
2064 
2065 public:
2066   ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk, size_t stride) :
2067           WorkerTask("Shenandoah Parallel Region Operation"),
2068           _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()), _blk(blk), _stride(stride), _index(0) {}
2069 
2070   void work(uint worker_id) {
2071     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2072     size_t stride = _stride;
2073 
2074     size_t max = _heap->num_regions();
2075     while (_index.load_relaxed() < max) {
2076       size_t cur = _index.fetch_then_add(stride, memory_order_relaxed);
2077       size_t start = cur;
2078       size_t end = MIN2(cur + stride, max);
2079       if (start >= max) break;
2080 
2081       for (size_t i = cur; i < end; i++) {
2082         ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = _heap->get_region(i);
2083         _blk->heap_region_do(current);
2084       }
2085     }
2086   }
2087 };
2088 
2089 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2090   assert(blk->is_thread_safe(), "Only thread-safe closures here");
2091   const uint active_workers = workers()->active_workers();
2092   const size_t n_regions = num_regions();
2093   size_t stride = blk->parallel_region_stride();
2094   if (stride == 0 && active_workers > 1) {
2095     // Automatically derive the stride to balance the work between threads
2096     // evenly. Do not try to split work if below the reasonable threshold.
2097     constexpr size_t threshold = 4096;
2098     stride = n_regions <= threshold ?
2099             threshold :
2100             (n_regions + active_workers - 1) / active_workers;
2101   }
2102 
2103   if (n_regions > stride && active_workers > 1) {
2104     ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask task(blk, stride);
2105     workers()->run_task(&task);
2106   } else {
2107     heap_region_iterate(blk);
2108   }
2109 }
2110 
2111 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterator(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure) const {
2112   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask task(closure);
2113   workers()->run_task(&task);
2114 }
2115 
2116 class ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
2117 public:
2118   inline ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure(const char* name) : HandshakeClosure(name) {}
2119   inline void do_thread(Thread* thread) {}
2120 };
2121 
2122 void ShenandoahHeap::rendezvous_threads(const char* name) {
2123   ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure cl(name);
2124   Handshake::execute(&cl);
2125 }
2126 
2127 void ShenandoahHeap::recycle_trash() {
2128   free_set()->recycle_trash();
2129 }
2130 
2131 void ShenandoahHeap::do_class_unloading() {
2132   _unloader.unload();
2133   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2134     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2135   }
2136 }
2137 
2138 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_weak_refs(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2139   // Weak refs processing
2140   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ? ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_weakrefs
2141                                                 : ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_weakrefs;
2142   ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(phase);
2143   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2144   generation->ref_processor()->process_references(phase, workers(), false /* concurrent */);
2145 }
2146 
2147 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_update_heap_references() {
2148   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2149 
2150   // Evacuation is over, no GCLABs are needed anymore. GCLABs are under URWM, so we need to
2151   // make them parsable for update code to work correctly. Plus, we can compute new sizes
2152   // for future GCLABs here.
2153   if (UseTLAB) {
2154     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_init_update_refs_manage_gclabs);
2155     gclabs_retire(ResizeTLAB);
2156   }
2157 
2158   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
2159 }
2160 
2161 void ShenandoahHeap::propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads() {
2162   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2163   if (_gc_state_changed) {
2164     // If we are only marking old, we do not need to process young pointers
2165     ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_filter_out_young(
2166       is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress() && !is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()
2167     );
2168     ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
2169     Threads::threads_do(&propagator);
2170     _gc_state_changed = false;
2171   }
2172 }
2173 
2174 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_at_safepoint(uint mask, bool value) {
2175   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2176   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2177   _gc_state_changed = true;
2178 }
2179 
2180 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_concurrent(uint mask, bool value) {
2181   // Holding the thread lock here assures that any thread created after we change the gc
2182   // state will have the correct state. It also prevents attaching threads from seeing
2183   // an inconsistent state. See ShenandoahBarrierSet::on_thread_attach for reference. Established
2184   // threads will use their thread local copy of the gc state (changed by a handshake, or on a
2185   // safepoint).
2186   assert(Threads_lock->is_locked(), "Must hold thread lock for concurrent gc state change");
2187   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2188 }
2189 
2190 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2191   uint mask;
2192   assert(!has_forwarded_objects(), "Young marking is not concurrent with evacuation");
2193   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
2194     assert(mode()->is_generational(), "Only generational GC has old marking");
2195     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_old_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2196     // If old-marking is in progress when we turn off YOUNG_MARKING, leave MARKING (and OLD_MARKING) on
2197     mask = YOUNG_MARKING;
2198   } else {
2199     mask = MARKING | YOUNG_MARKING;
2200   }
2201   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(mask, in_progress);
2202   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2203 }
2204 
2205 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2206 #ifdef ASSERT
2207   // has_forwarded_objects() iff UPDATE_REFS or EVACUATION
2208   bool has_forwarded = has_forwarded_objects();
2209   bool updating_or_evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(UPDATE_REFS | EVACUATION);
2210   bool evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(EVACUATION);
2211   assert ((has_forwarded == updating_or_evacuating) || (evacuating && !has_forwarded && collection_set()->is_empty()),
2212           "Updating or evacuating iff has forwarded objects, or if evacuation phase is promoting in place without forwarding");
2213 #endif
2214   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()) {
2215     // If young-marking is in progress when we turn off OLD_MARKING, leave MARKING (and YOUNG_MARKING) on
2216     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_young_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2217     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2218   } else {
2219     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(MARKING | OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2220   }
2221   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2222 }
2223 
2224 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_prepare_for_old_mark_in_progress() const {
2225   return old_generation()->is_preparing_for_mark();
2226 }
2227 
2228 void ShenandoahHeap::manage_satb_barrier(bool active) {
2229   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
2230     // Ignore request to deactivate barrier while concurrent mark is in progress.
2231     // Do not attempt to re-activate the barrier if it is already active.
2232     if (active && !ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2233       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2234     }
2235   } else {
2236     // No concurrent marking is in progress so honor request to deactivate,
2237     // but only if the barrier is already active.
2238     if (!active && ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2239       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2240     }
2241   }
2242 }
2243 
2244 void ShenandoahHeap::set_evacuation_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2245   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Only call this at safepoint");
2246   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(EVACUATION, in_progress);
2247 }
2248 
2249 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2250   if (in_progress) {
2251     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.set();
2252   } else {
2253     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.unset();
2254   }
2255 }
2256 
2257 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(bool cond) {
2258   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, cond);
2259 }
2260 
2261 GCTracer* ShenandoahHeap::tracer() {
2262   return shenandoah_policy()->tracer();
2263 }
2264 
2265 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_used() const {
2266   return _free_set->used_not_holding_lock();
2267 }
2268 
2269 bool ShenandoahHeap::try_cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2270   const GCCause::Cause prev = _cancelled_gc.xchg(cause);
2271   return prev == GCCause::_no_gc || prev == GCCause::_shenandoah_concurrent_gc;
2272 }
2273 
2274 void ShenandoahHeap::cancel_concurrent_mark() {
2275   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2276     young_generation()->cancel_marking();
2277     old_generation()->cancel_marking();
2278   }
2279 
2280   global_generation()->cancel_marking();
2281 
2282   ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().abandon_partial_marking();
2283 }
2284 
2285 bool ShenandoahHeap::cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2286   if (try_cancel_gc(cause)) {
2287     FormatBuffer<> msg("Cancelling GC: %s", GCCause::to_string(cause));
2288     log_info(gc,thread)("%s", msg.buffer());
2289     Events::log(Thread::current(), "%s", msg.buffer());
2290     _cancel_requested_time = os::elapsedTime();
2291     return true;
2292   }
2293   return false;
2294 }
2295 
2296 uint ShenandoahHeap::max_workers() {
2297   return _max_workers;
2298 }
2299 
2300 void ShenandoahHeap::stop() {
2301   // The shutdown sequence should be able to terminate when GC is running.
2302 
2303   // Step 0. Notify policy to disable event recording and prevent visiting gc threads during shutdown
2304   _shenandoah_policy->record_shutdown();
2305 
2306   // Step 1. Stop reporting on gc thread cpu utilization
2307   mmu_tracker()->stop();
2308 
2309   // Step 2. Stop decaying allocation rate.
2310   _alloc_rate_decay.disenroll();
2311 
2312   // Step 3. Wait until GC worker exits normally (this will cancel any ongoing GC).
2313   control_thread()->stop();
2314 
2315   // Step 4. Shutdown uncommit thread.
2316   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2317     _uncommit_thread->stop();
2318   }
2319 }
2320 
2321 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_unload_classes(bool full_gc) {
2322   if (!unload_classes()) return;
2323   ClassUnloadingContext ctx(_workers->active_workers(),
2324                             true /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
2325                             false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
2326 
2327   // Unload classes and purge SystemDictionary.
2328   {
2329     ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ?
2330                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_class_unload :
2331                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_class_unload;
2332     ShenandoahIsAliveSelector is_alive;
2333     {
2334       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(is_alive.is_alive_closure());
2335       ShenandoahGCPhase gc_phase(phase);
2336       ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2337       bool unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(gc_timer());
2338 
2339       ShenandoahClassUnloadingTask unlink_task(phase, unloading_occurred);
2340       _workers->run_task(&unlink_task);
2341     }
2342     // Release unloaded nmethods's memory.
2343     ClassUnloadingContext::context()->purge_and_free_nmethods();
2344   }
2345 
2346   {
2347     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2348                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_cldg :
2349                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_cldg);
2350     ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
2351   }
2352   // Resize and verify metaspace
2353   MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
2354 
2355   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2356     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2357   }
2358 
2359   DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
2360 }
2361 
2362 // Weak roots are either pre-evacuated (final mark) or updated (final update refs),
2363 // so they should not have forwarded oops.
2364 // However, we do need to "null" dead oops in the roots, if can not be done
2365 // in concurrent cycles.
2366 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_process_weak_roots(bool full_gc) {
2367   uint num_workers = _workers->active_workers();
2368   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase timing_phase = full_gc ?
2369                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_weak_par :
2370                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_weak_par;
2371   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(timing_phase);
2372   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(timing_phase);
2373   // Cleanup weak roots
2374   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2375     ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2376     ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure keep_alive;
2377     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>
2378       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &keep_alive, num_workers);
2379     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2380   } else {
2381     ShenandoahIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2382 #ifdef ASSERT
2383     ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure verify_cl;
2384     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure>
2385       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &verify_cl, num_workers);
2386 #else
2387     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, DoNothingClosure>
2388       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &do_nothing_cl, num_workers);
2389 #endif
2390     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2391   }
2392 }
2393 
2394 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_cleaning(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2395   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2396   assert(is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only for Degenerated and Full GC");
2397   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2398                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge :
2399                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge);
2400   stw_weak_refs(generation, full_gc);
2401   stw_process_weak_roots(full_gc);
2402   stw_unload_classes(full_gc);
2403 }
2404 
2405 void ShenandoahHeap::set_has_forwarded_objects(bool cond) {
2406   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(HAS_FORWARDED, cond);
2407 }
2408 
2409 void ShenandoahHeap::set_unload_classes(bool uc) {
2410   _unload_classes.set_cond(uc);
2411 }
2412 
2413 bool ShenandoahHeap::unload_classes() const {
2414   return _unload_classes.is_set();
2415 }
2416 
2417 address ShenandoahHeap::in_cset_fast_test_addr() {
2418   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
2419   assert(heap->collection_set() != nullptr, "Sanity");
2420   return (address) heap->collection_set()->biased_map_address();
2421 }
2422 
2423 void ShenandoahHeap::set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2424   _degenerated_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2425 }
2426 
2427 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2428   _full_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2429 }
2430 
2431 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_move_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2432   assert (is_full_gc_in_progress(), "should be");
2433   _full_gc_move_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2434 }
2435 
2436 void ShenandoahHeap::set_update_refs_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2437   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(UPDATE_REFS, in_progress);
2438 }
2439 
2440 void ShenandoahHeap::register_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2441   ShenandoahCodeRoots::register_nmethod(nm);
2442 }
2443 
2444 void ShenandoahHeap::unregister_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2445   ShenandoahCodeRoots::unregister_nmethod(nm);
2446 }
2447 
2448 void ShenandoahHeap::pin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2449   heap_region_containing(o)->record_pin();
2450 }
2451 
2452 void ShenandoahHeap::unpin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2453   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(o);
2454   assert(r != nullptr, "Sanity");
2455   assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu should have non-zero pins", r->index());
2456   r->record_unpin();
2457 }
2458 
2459 void ShenandoahHeap::sync_pinned_region_status() {
2460   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2461 
2462   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2463     ShenandoahHeapRegion *r = get_region(i);
2464     if (r->is_active()) {
2465       if (r->is_pinned()) {
2466         if (r->pin_count() == 0) {
2467           r->make_unpinned();
2468         }
2469       } else {
2470         if (r->pin_count() > 0) {
2471           r->make_pinned();
2472         }
2473       }
2474     }
2475   }
2476 
2477   assert_pinned_region_status();
2478 }
2479 
2480 #ifdef ASSERT
2481 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status() const {
2482   assert_pinned_region_status(global_generation());
2483 }
2484 
2485 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) const {
2486   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2487     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2488     if (generation->contains(r)) {
2489       assert((r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() > 0) || (!r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() == 0),
2490              "Region %zu pinning status is inconsistent", i);
2491     }
2492   }
2493 }
2494 #endif
2495 
2496 ConcurrentGCTimer* ShenandoahHeap::gc_timer() const {
2497   return _gc_timer;
2498 }
2499 
2500 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_concurrent_roots() {
2501   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2502   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2503   set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(!collection_set()->is_empty());
2504   set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(true);
2505   if (unload_classes()) {
2506     _unloader.prepare();
2507   }
2508 }
2509 
2510 void ShenandoahHeap::finish_concurrent_roots() {
2511   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2512   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2513   if (unload_classes()) {
2514     _unloader.finish();
2515   }
2516 }
2517 
2518 #ifdef ASSERT
2519 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_gc_workers(uint nworkers) {
2520   assert(nworkers > 0 && nworkers <= max_workers(), "Sanity");
2521 
2522   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
2523     // Use ParallelGCThreads inside safepoints
2524     assert(nworkers == ParallelGCThreads, "Use ParallelGCThreads (%u) within safepoint, not %u",
2525            ParallelGCThreads, nworkers);
2526   } else {
2527     // Use ConcGCThreads outside safepoints
2528     assert(nworkers == ConcGCThreads, "Use ConcGCThreads (%u) outside safepoints, %u",
2529            ConcGCThreads, nworkers);
2530   }
2531 }
2532 #endif
2533 
2534 ShenandoahVerifier* ShenandoahHeap::verifier() {
2535   guarantee(ShenandoahVerify, "Should be enabled");
2536   assert (_verifier != nullptr, "sanity");
2537   return _verifier;
2538 }
2539 
2540 template<bool CONCURRENT>
2541 class ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask : public WorkerTask {
2542 private:
2543   ShenandoahHeap* _heap;
2544   ShenandoahRegionIterator* _regions;
2545 public:
2546   explicit ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask(ShenandoahRegionIterator* regions) :
2547     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Update References"),
2548     _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2549     _regions(regions) {
2550   }
2551 
2552   void work(uint worker_id) {
2553     if (CONCURRENT) {
2554       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2555       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2556       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
2557       do_work<ShenandoahConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2558     } else {
2559       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2560       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2561       do_work<ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2562     }
2563   }
2564 
2565 private:
2566   template<class T>
2567   void do_work(uint worker_id) {
2568     if (CONCURRENT && (worker_id == 0)) {
2569       // We ask the first worker to replenish the Mutator free set by moving regions previously reserved to hold the
2570       // results of evacuation.  These reserves are no longer necessary because evacuation has completed.
2571       size_t cset_regions = _heap->collection_set()->count();
2572 
2573       // Now that evacuation is done, we can reassign any regions that had been reserved to hold the results of evacuation
2574       // to the mutator free set.  At the end of GC, we will have cset_regions newly evacuated fully empty regions from
2575       // which we will be able to replenish the Collector free set and the OldCollector free set in preparation for the
2576       // next GC cycle.
2577       _heap->free_set()->move_regions_from_collector_to_mutator(cset_regions);
2578     }
2579     // If !CONCURRENT, there's no value in expanding Mutator free set
2580     T cl;
2581     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions->next();
2582     while (r != nullptr) {
2583       HeapWord* update_watermark = r->get_update_watermark();
2584       assert (update_watermark >= r->bottom(), "sanity");
2585       if (r->is_active() && !r->is_cset()) {
2586         _heap->marked_object_oop_iterate(r, &cl, update_watermark);
2587       }
2588       if (_heap->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(CONCURRENT)) {
2589         return;
2590       }
2591       r = _regions->next();
2592     }
2593   }
2594 };
2595 
2596 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_references(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
2597   assert(generation->is_global(), "Should only get global generation here");
2598   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2599 
2600   if (concurrent) {
2601     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<true> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2602     workers()->run_task(&task);
2603   } else {
2604     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<false> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2605     workers()->run_task(&task);
2606   }
2607 }
2608 
2609 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_region_states(bool concurrent) {
2610   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2611   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2612 
2613   {
2614     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2615                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_update_region_states :
2616                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_update_region_states);
2617 
2618     final_update_refs_update_region_states();
2619 
2620     assert_pinned_region_status();
2621   }
2622 
2623   {
2624     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2625                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_trash_cset :
2626                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_trash_cset);
2627     trash_cset_regions();
2628   }
2629 }
2630 
2631 void ShenandoahHeap::final_update_refs_update_region_states() {
2632   ShenandoahSynchronizePinnedRegionStates cl;
2633   parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
2634 }
2635 
2636 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set_within_phase() {
2637   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2638   size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count;
2639   _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count);
2640   // If there are no old regions, first_old_region will be greater than last_old_region
2641   assert((first_old_region > last_old_region) ||
2642          ((last_old_region + 1 - first_old_region >= old_region_count) &&
2643           get_region(first_old_region)->is_old() && get_region(last_old_region)->is_old()),
2644          "sanity: old_region_count: %zu, first_old_region: %zu, last_old_region: %zu",
2645          old_region_count, first_old_region, last_old_region);
2646 
2647   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2648 #ifdef ASSERT
2649     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
2650       verifier()->verify_before_rebuilding_free_set();
2651     }
2652 #endif
2653 
2654     // The computation of bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger is quite conservative so consider all of this
2655     // available for transfer to old. Note that transfer of humongous regions does not impact available.
2656     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2657     size_t allocation_runway =
2658       gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_trashed_regions);
2659     gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
2660   }
2661   // Rebuild free set based on adjusted generation sizes.
2662   _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, old_region_count);
2663 
2664   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2665     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2666     ShenandoahOldGeneration* old_gen = gen_heap->old_generation();
2667     old_gen->heuristics()->evaluate_triggers(first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count, num_regions());
2668   }
2669 }
2670 
2671 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set(bool concurrent) {
2672   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2673                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset :
2674                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset);
2675   rebuild_free_set_within_phase();
2676 }
2677 
2678 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_bitmap_slice_committed(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r, bool skip_self) {
2679   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2680 
2681   size_t regions_from = _bitmap_regions_per_slice * slice;
2682   size_t regions_to   = MIN2(num_regions(), _bitmap_regions_per_slice * (slice + 1));
2683   for (size_t g = regions_from; g < regions_to; g++) {
2684     assert (g / _bitmap_regions_per_slice == slice, "same slice");
2685     if (skip_self && g == r->index()) continue;
2686     if (get_region(g)->is_committed()) {
2687       return true;
2688     }
2689   }
2690   return false;
2691 }
2692 
2693 void ShenandoahHeap::commit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
2694   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2695   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2696 
2697   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2698     // Some other region from the group is already committed, meaning the bitmap
2699     // slice is already committed, we exit right away.
2700     return;
2701   }
2702 
2703   // Commit the bitmap slice:
2704   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2705   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2706   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2707   char* start = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2708 
2709   os::commit_memory_or_exit(start, len, false, "Unable to commit bitmap slice");
2710 
2711   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
2712     os::pretouch_memory(start, start + len, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
2713   }
2714 }
2715 
2716 void ShenandoahHeap::uncommit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion *r) {
2717   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2718   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2719 
2720   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2721     // Some other region from the group is still committed, meaning the bitmap
2722     // slice should stay committed, exit right away.
2723     return;
2724   }
2725 
2726   // Uncommit the bitmap slice:
2727   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2728   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2729   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2730 
2731   char* addr = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2732   os::uncommit_memory(addr, len);
2733 }
2734 
2735 void ShenandoahHeap::forbid_uncommit() {
2736   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2737     _uncommit_thread->forbid_uncommit();
2738   }
2739 }
2740 
2741 void ShenandoahHeap::allow_uncommit() {
2742   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2743     _uncommit_thread->allow_uncommit();
2744   }
2745 }
2746 
2747 #ifdef ASSERT
2748 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_uncommit_in_progress() {
2749   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2750     return _uncommit_thread->is_uncommit_in_progress();
2751   }
2752   return false;
2753 }
2754 #endif
2755 
2756 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_begin() {
2757   StackWatermarkSet::safepoint_synchronize_begin();
2758   SuspendibleThreadSet::synchronize();
2759 }
2760 
2761 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_end() {
2762   SuspendibleThreadSet::desynchronize();
2763 }
2764 
2765 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_alloc_failure() {
2766   if (ShenandoahAllocFailureALot && !cancelled_gc() && ((os::random() % 1000) > 950)) {
2767     _inject_alloc_failure.set();
2768     os::naked_short_sleep(1);
2769     if (cancelled_gc()) {
2770       log_info(gc)("Allocation failure was successfully injected");
2771     }
2772   }
2773 }
2774 
2775 bool ShenandoahHeap::should_inject_alloc_failure() {
2776   return _inject_alloc_failure.is_set() && _inject_alloc_failure.try_unset();
2777 }
2778 
2779 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_pin() {
2780   assert(!ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "try_inject_pin() must be called outside a safepoint.");
2781   assert(active_generation() != nullptr, "Active generation must be set before we inject pins.");
2782   assert(is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() || active_generation()->is_mark_complete(),
2783          "try_inject_pin() requires marking is in progress or has completed.");
2784   if (ShenandoahPinRegionRate && !cancelled_gc() && ((uintx)(os::random() % 1000) < ShenandoahPinRegionRate) &&
2785       _injected_pin_count < MAX_INJECTED_PINS) {
2786     const size_t idx = os::random() % num_regions();
2787     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2788     if ((r->is_regular() || r->is_humongous_start()) && r->has_live()) {
2789       r->record_pin();
2790       _injected_pin_indices[_injected_pin_count] = idx;
2791       _injected_pin_count++;
2792     }
2793   }
2794 }
2795 
2796 void ShenandoahHeap::release_injected_pins() {
2797   if (_injected_pin_count == 0) {
2798     return;
2799   }
2800 
2801   assert(_injected_pin_count <= MAX_INJECTED_PINS,
2802          "Injected pin count: %u exceeds max: %u.", _injected_pin_count, MAX_INJECTED_PINS);
2803   for (uint i = 0; i < _injected_pin_count; i++) {
2804     const size_t idx = _injected_pin_indices[i];
2805     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2806     assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu in tracker must contain a pin.", idx);
2807     r->record_unpin();
2808   }
2809   _injected_pin_count = 0;
2810 }
2811 
2812 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_serviceability() {
2813   _memory_pool = new ShenandoahMemoryPool(this);
2814   _cycle_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2815   _stw_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2816 }
2817 
2818 GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_managers() {
2819   GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> memory_managers(2);
2820   memory_managers.append(&_cycle_memory_manager);
2821   memory_managers.append(&_stw_memory_manager);
2822   return memory_managers;
2823 }
2824 
2825 GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_pools() {
2826   GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> memory_pools(1);
2827   memory_pools.append(_memory_pool);
2828   return memory_pools;
2829 }
2830 
2831 MemoryUsage ShenandoahHeap::memory_usage() {
2832   return shenandoah_memory_usage(_initial_size, used(), committed(), max_capacity());
2833 }
2834 
2835 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator() :
2836   _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2837   _index(0) {}
2838 
2839 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
2840   _heap(heap),
2841   _index(0) {}
2842 
2843 void ShenandoahRegionIterator::reset() {
2844   _index.store_relaxed(0);
2845 }
2846 
2847 bool ShenandoahRegionIterator::has_next() const {
2848   return _index.load_relaxed() < _heap->num_regions();
2849 }
2850 
2851 ShenandoahLiveData* ShenandoahHeap::get_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2852 #ifdef ASSERT
2853   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2854   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2855   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2856     assert(_liveness_cache[worker_id][i] == 0, "liveness cache should be empty");
2857   }
2858 #endif
2859   return _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2860 }
2861 
2862 void ShenandoahHeap::flush_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2863   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2864   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2865   ShenandoahLiveData* ld = _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2866   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2867     ShenandoahLiveData live = ld[i];
2868     if (live > 0) {
2869       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2870       r->increase_live_data_gc_words(live);
2871       ld[i] = 0;
2872     }
2873   }
2874 }
2875 
2876 bool ShenandoahHeap::requires_barriers(stackChunkOop obj) const {
2877   if (is_idle()) return false;
2878 
2879   // Objects allocated after marking start are implicitly alive, don't need any barriers during
2880   // marking phase.
2881   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() &&
2882      !marking_context()->allocated_after_mark_start(obj)) {
2883     return true;
2884   }
2885 
2886   // Can not guarantee obj is deeply good.
2887   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2888     return true;
2889   }
2890 
2891   return false;
2892 }
2893 
2894 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_loaded_archive_space(size_t size) {
2895 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2896   // CDS wants a raw continuous memory range to load a bunch of objects itself.
2897   // This is an unusual request, since all requested regions should be regular, not humongous.
2898   //
2899   // CDS would guarantee no objects straddle multiple regions, as long as regions are as large
2900   // as MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT.
2901   guarantee(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() >= AOTMappedHeapWriter::MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, "Must be");
2902 
2903   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_cds(size);
2904   return allocate_memory(req);
2905 #else
2906   assert(false, "Archive heap loader should not be available, should not be here");
2907   return nullptr;
2908 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2909 }
2910 
2911 void ShenandoahHeap::complete_loaded_archive_space(MemRegion archive_space) {
2912   // Nothing to do here, except checking that heap looks fine.
2913 #ifdef ASSERT
2914   HeapWord* start = archive_space.start();
2915   HeapWord* end = archive_space.end();
2916 
2917   // No unclaimed space between the objects.
2918   // Objects are properly allocated in correct regions.
2919   HeapWord* cur = start;
2920   while (cur < end) {
2921     oop oop = cast_to_oop(cur);
2922     shenandoah_assert_in_correct_region(nullptr, oop);
2923     cur += oop->size();
2924   }
2925 
2926   // No unclaimed tail at the end of archive space.
2927   assert(cur == end,
2928          "Archive space should be fully used: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2929          p2i(cur), p2i(end));
2930 
2931   // All regions in contiguous space have good state.
2932   size_t begin_reg_idx = heap_region_index_containing(start);
2933   size_t end_reg_idx   = heap_region_index_containing(end);
2934 
2935   for (size_t idx = begin_reg_idx; idx <= end_reg_idx; idx++) {
2936     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2937     assert(r->is_regular(), "Must be regular");
2938     assert(r->is_young(), "Must be young");
2939     assert(idx == end_reg_idx || r->top() == r->end(),
2940            "All regions except the last one should be full: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2941            p2i(r->top()), p2i(r->end()));
2942     assert(idx != begin_reg_idx || r->bottom() == start,
2943            "Archive space start should be at the bottom of first region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2944            p2i(r->bottom()), p2i(start));
2945     assert(idx != end_reg_idx || r->top() == end,
2946            "Archive space end should be at the top of last region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2947            p2i(r->top()), p2i(end));
2948   }
2949 
2950 #endif
2951 }
2952 
2953 ShenandoahGeneration* ShenandoahHeap::generation_for(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) const {
2954   if (!mode()->is_generational()) {
2955     return global_generation();
2956   } else if (affiliation == YOUNG_GENERATION) {
2957     return young_generation();
2958   } else if (affiliation == OLD_GENERATION) {
2959     return old_generation();
2960   }
2961 
2962   ShouldNotReachHere();
2963   return nullptr;
2964 }
2965 
2966 void ShenandoahHeap::log_heap_status(const char* msg) const {
2967   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2968     young_generation()->log_status(msg);
2969     old_generation()->log_status(msg);
2970   } else {
2971     global_generation()->log_status(msg);
2972   }
2973 }
2974 
2975 ShenandoahHeapLocker::ShenandoahHeapLocker(ShenandoahHeapLock* lock, bool allow_block_for_safepoint) : _lock(lock) {
2976 #ifdef ASSERT
2977   ShenandoahFreeSet* free_set = ShenandoahHeap::heap()->free_set();
2978   // free_set is nullptr only at pre-initialized state
2979   assert(free_set == nullptr || !free_set->rebuild_lock()->owned_by_self(), "Dead lock, can't acquire heap lock while holding free-set rebuild lock");
2980   assert(_lock != nullptr, "Must not");
2981 #endif
2982   _lock->lock(allow_block_for_safepoint);
2983 }