1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2023, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2013, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   5  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   6  *
   7  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   8  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   9  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  *
  25  */
  26 
  27 
  28 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
  31 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/locationPrinter.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/memAllocator.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/plab.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahOldHeuristics.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shenandoah/heuristics/shenandoahYoungHeuristics.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahGenerationalMode.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahPassiveMode.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shenandoah/mode/shenandoahSATBMode.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRate.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahAllocRequest.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBarrierSet.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahClosures.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCodeRoots.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectionSet.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  52 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentMark.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahControlThread.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalEvacuationTask.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGlobalGeneration.hpp"
  58 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegion.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionClosures.hpp"
  61 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeapRegionSet.hpp"
  62 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahInitLogger.hpp"
  63 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMarkingContext.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMemoryPool.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  66 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahObjArrayAllocator.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
  68 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPadding.hpp"
  69 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahParallelCleaning.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"
  71 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahReferenceProcessor.hpp"
  72 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahScanRemembered.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahStackWatermark.hpp"
  75 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahSTWMark.hpp"
  76 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUncommitThread.hpp"
  77 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
  78 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
  79 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
  80 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkGroup.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  83 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
  84 #include "memory/classLoaderMetaspace.hpp"
  85 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  86 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  87 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  88 #include "nmt/mallocTracker.hpp"
  89 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  90 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  91 #include "prims/jvmtiTagMap.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
 100 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
 101 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 102 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 103 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
 105 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 106 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahJfrSupport.hpp"
 107 #endif
 108 
 109 class ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask : public WorkerTask {
 110 private:
 111   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 112   const size_t _page_size;
 113 public:
 114   ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask(size_t page_size) :
 115     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Heap"),
 116     _page_size(page_size) {}
 117 
 118   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 119     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 120     while (r != nullptr) {
 121       if (r->is_committed()) {
 122         os::pretouch_memory(r->bottom(), r->end(), _page_size);
 123       }
 124       r = _regions.next();
 125     }
 126   }
 127 };
 128 
 129 class ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask : public WorkerTask {
 130 private:
 131   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
 132   char* _bitmap_base;
 133   const size_t _bitmap_size;
 134   const size_t _page_size;
 135 public:
 136   ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask(char* bitmap_base, size_t bitmap_size, size_t page_size) :
 137     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Pretouch Bitmap"),
 138     _bitmap_base(bitmap_base),
 139     _bitmap_size(bitmap_size),
 140     _page_size(page_size) {}
 141 
 142   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
 143     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions.next();
 144     while (r != nullptr) {
 145       size_t start = r->index()       * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 146       size_t end   = (r->index() + 1) * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() / MarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 147       assert (end <= _bitmap_size, "end is sane: %zu < %zu", end, _bitmap_size);
 148 
 149       if (r->is_committed()) {
 150         os::pretouch_memory(_bitmap_base + start, _bitmap_base + end, _page_size);
 151       }
 152 
 153       r = _regions.next();
 154     }
 155   }
 156 };
 157 
 158 static ReservedSpace reserve(size_t size, size_t preferred_page_size) {
 159   // When a page size is given we don't want to mix large
 160   // and normal pages. If the size is not a multiple of the
 161   // page size it will be aligned up to achieve this.
 162   size_t alignment = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
 163   if (preferred_page_size != os::vm_page_size()) {
 164     alignment = MAX2(preferred_page_size, alignment);
 165     size = align_up(size, alignment);
 166   }
 167 
 168   const ReservedSpace reserved = MemoryReserver::reserve(size, alignment, preferred_page_size, mtGC);
 169   if (!reserved.is_reserved()) {
 170     vm_exit_during_initialization("Could not reserve space");
 171   }
 172   return reserved;
 173 }
 174 
 175 jint ShenandoahHeap::initialize() {
 176   //
 177   // Figure out heap sizing
 178   //
 179 
 180   size_t init_byte_size = InitialHeapSize;
 181   size_t min_byte_size  = MinHeapSize;
 182   size_t max_byte_size  = MaxHeapSize;
 183   size_t heap_alignment = HeapAlignment;
 184 
 185   size_t reg_size_bytes = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 186 
 187   Universe::check_alignment(max_byte_size,  reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 188   Universe::check_alignment(init_byte_size, reg_size_bytes, "Shenandoah heap");
 189 
 190   _num_regions = ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_count();
 191   assert(_num_regions == (max_byte_size / reg_size_bytes),
 192          "Regions should cover entire heap exactly: %zu != %zu/%zu",
 193          _num_regions, max_byte_size, reg_size_bytes);
 194 
 195   size_t num_committed_regions = init_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 196   num_committed_regions = MIN2(num_committed_regions, _num_regions);
 197   assert(num_committed_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 198   _initial_size = num_committed_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 199 
 200   size_t num_min_regions = min_byte_size / reg_size_bytes;
 201   num_min_regions = MIN2(num_min_regions, _num_regions);
 202   assert(num_min_regions <= _num_regions, "sanity");
 203   _minimum_size = num_min_regions * reg_size_bytes;
 204 
 205   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(clamp(SoftMaxHeapSize, min_capacity(), max_capacity()));
 206 
 207   _committed.store_relaxed(_initial_size);
 208 
 209   size_t heap_page_size   = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 210   size_t bitmap_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 211   size_t region_page_size = UseLargePages ? os::large_page_size() : os::vm_page_size();
 212 
 213   //
 214   // Reserve and commit memory for heap
 215   //
 216 
 217   ReservedHeapSpace heap_rs = Universe::reserve_heap(max_byte_size, heap_alignment);
 218   initialize_reserved_region(heap_rs);
 219   _heap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*)heap_rs.base(), heap_rs.size() / HeapWordSize);
 220   _heap_region_special = heap_rs.special();
 221 
 222   assert((((size_t) base()) & ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_mask()) == 0,
 223          "Misaligned heap: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(base()));
 224   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Heap",
 225                                           max_byte_size, heap_alignment,
 226                                           heap_rs.base(),
 227                                           heap_rs.size(), heap_rs.page_size());
 228 
 229 #if SHENANDOAH_OPTIMIZED_MARKTASK
 230   // The optimized ShenandoahMarkTask takes some bits away from the full object bits.
 231   // Fail if we ever attempt to address more than we can.
 232   if ((uintptr_t)heap_rs.end() >= ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable()) {
 233     FormatBuffer<512> buf("Shenandoah reserved [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT") for the heap, \n"
 234                           "but max object address is " PTR_FORMAT ". Try to reduce heap size, or try other \n"
 235                           "VM options that allocate heap at lower addresses (HeapBaseMinAddress, AllocateHeapAt, etc).",
 236                 p2i(heap_rs.base()), p2i(heap_rs.end()), ShenandoahMarkTask::max_addressable());
 237     vm_exit_during_initialization("Fatal Error", buf);
 238   }
 239 #endif
 240 
 241   ReservedSpace sh_rs = heap_rs.first_part(max_byte_size);
 242   if (!_heap_region_special) {
 243     os::commit_memory_or_exit(sh_rs.base(), _initial_size, heap_alignment, false,
 244                               "Cannot commit heap memory");
 245   }
 246 
 247   BarrierSet::set_barrier_set(new ShenandoahBarrierSet(this, _heap_region));
 248 
 249   // Now we know the number of regions and heap sizes, initialize the heuristics.
 250   initialize_heuristics();
 251 
 252   // If ShenandoahCardBarrier is enabled but it's not generational mode
 253   // it means we're under passive mode and we have to initialize old gen
 254   // for the purpose of having card table.
 255   if (ShenandoahCardBarrier && !(mode()->is_generational())) {
 256     _old_generation = new ShenandoahOldGeneration(max_workers());
 257   }
 258 
 259   assert(_heap_region.byte_size() == heap_rs.size(), "Need to know reserved size for card table");
 260 
 261   //
 262   // Worker threads must be initialized after the barrier is configured
 263   //
 264   _workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("ShenWorker", _max_workers);
 265   if (_workers == nullptr) {
 266     vm_exit_during_initialization("Failed necessary allocation.");
 267   } else {
 268     _workers->initialize_workers();
 269   }
 270 
 271   if (ParallelGCThreads > 1) {
 272     _safepoint_workers = new ShenandoahWorkerThreads("Safepoint Cleanup Thread", ParallelGCThreads);
 273     _safepoint_workers->initialize_workers();
 274   }
 275 
 276   //
 277   // Reserve and commit memory for bitmap(s)
 278   //
 279 
 280   size_t bitmap_size_orig = ShenandoahMarkBitMap::compute_size(heap_rs.size());
 281   _bitmap_size = align_up(bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size);
 282 
 283   size_t bitmap_bytes_per_region = reg_size_bytes / ShenandoahMarkBitMap::heap_map_factor();
 284 
 285   guarantee(bitmap_bytes_per_region != 0,
 286             "Bitmap bytes per region should not be zero");
 287   guarantee(is_power_of_2(bitmap_bytes_per_region),
 288             "Bitmap bytes per region should be power of two: %zu", bitmap_bytes_per_region);
 289 
 290   if (bitmap_page_size > bitmap_bytes_per_region) {
 291     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = bitmap_page_size / bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 292     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_page_size;
 293   } else {
 294     _bitmap_regions_per_slice = 1;
 295     _bitmap_bytes_per_slice = bitmap_bytes_per_region;
 296   }
 297 
 298   guarantee(_bitmap_regions_per_slice >= 1,
 299             "Should have at least one region per slice: %zu",
 300             _bitmap_regions_per_slice);
 301 
 302   guarantee(((_bitmap_bytes_per_slice) % bitmap_page_size) == 0,
 303             "Bitmap slices should be page-granular: bps = %zu, page size = %zu",
 304             _bitmap_bytes_per_slice, bitmap_page_size);
 305 
 306   ReservedSpace bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 307   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Mark Bitmap",
 308                                           bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 309                                           bitmap.base(),
 310                                           bitmap.size(), bitmap.page_size());
 311   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(bitmap, mtGC);
 312   _bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) bitmap.base(), bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 313   _bitmap_region_special = bitmap.special();
 314 
 315   size_t bitmap_init_commit = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice *
 316     align_up(num_committed_regions, _bitmap_regions_per_slice) / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
 317   bitmap_init_commit = MIN2(_bitmap_size, bitmap_init_commit);
 318   if (!_bitmap_region_special) {
 319     os::commit_memory_or_exit((char *) _bitmap_region.start(), bitmap_init_commit, bitmap_page_size, false,
 320                               "Cannot commit bitmap memory");
 321   }
 322 
 323   _marking_context = new ShenandoahMarkingContext(_heap_region, _bitmap_region, _num_regions);
 324 
 325   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
 326     ReservedSpace verify_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, bitmap_page_size);
 327     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Verify Bitmap",
 328                                             bitmap_size_orig, bitmap_page_size,
 329                                             verify_bitmap.base(),
 330                                             verify_bitmap.size(), verify_bitmap.page_size());
 331     if (!verify_bitmap.special()) {
 332       os::commit_memory_or_exit(verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size(), bitmap_page_size, false,
 333                                 "Cannot commit verification bitmap memory");
 334     }
 335     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(verify_bitmap, mtGC);
 336     MemRegion verify_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord *) verify_bitmap.base(), verify_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 337     _verification_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, verify_bitmap_region);
 338     _verifier = new ShenandoahVerifier(this, &_verification_bit_map);
 339   }
 340 
 341   // Reserve aux bitmap for use in object_iterate(). We don't commit it here.
 342   size_t aux_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 343 
 344   ReservedSpace aux_bitmap = reserve(_bitmap_size, aux_bitmap_page_size);
 345   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Aux Bitmap",
 346                                           bitmap_size_orig, aux_bitmap_page_size,
 347                                           aux_bitmap.base(),
 348                                           aux_bitmap.size(), aux_bitmap.page_size());
 349   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(aux_bitmap, mtGC);
 350   _aux_bitmap_region = MemRegion((HeapWord*) aux_bitmap.base(), aux_bitmap.size() / HeapWordSize);
 351   _aux_bitmap_region_special = aux_bitmap.special();
 352   _aux_bit_map.initialize(_heap_region, _aux_bitmap_region);
 353 
 354   //
 355   // Create regions and region sets
 356   //
 357   size_t region_align = align_up(sizeof(ShenandoahHeapRegion), SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE);
 358   size_t region_storage_size_orig = region_align * _num_regions;
 359   size_t region_storage_size = align_up(region_storage_size_orig,
 360                                         MAX2(region_page_size, os::vm_allocation_granularity()));
 361 
 362   ReservedSpace region_storage = reserve(region_storage_size, region_page_size);
 363   os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Region Storage",
 364                                           region_storage_size_orig, region_page_size,
 365                                           region_storage.base(),
 366                                           region_storage.size(), region_storage.page_size());
 367   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(region_storage, mtGC);
 368   if (!region_storage.special()) {
 369     os::commit_memory_or_exit(region_storage.base(), region_storage_size, region_page_size, false,
 370                               "Cannot commit region memory");
 371   }
 372 
 373   // Try to fit the collection set bitmap at lower addresses. This optimizes code generation for cset checks.
 374   // Go up until a sensible limit (subject to encoding constraints) and try to reserve the space there.
 375   // If not successful, bite a bullet and allocate at whatever address.
 376   {
 377     const size_t cset_align = MAX2<size_t>(os::vm_page_size(), os::vm_allocation_granularity());
 378     const size_t cset_size = align_up(((size_t) sh_rs.base() + sh_rs.size()) >> ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes_shift(), cset_align);
 379     const size_t cset_page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 380 
 381     uintptr_t min = round_up_power_of_2(cset_align);
 382     uintptr_t max = (1u << 30u);
 383     ReservedSpace cset_rs;
 384 
 385     for (uintptr_t addr = min; addr <= max; addr <<= 1u) {
 386       char* req_addr = (char*)addr;
 387       assert(is_aligned(req_addr, cset_align), "Should be aligned");
 388       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(req_addr, cset_size, cset_align, cset_page_size, mtGC);
 389       if (cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 390         assert(cset_rs.base() == req_addr, "Allocated where requested: " PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset_rs.base()), addr);
 391         _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 392         break;
 393       }
 394     }
 395 
 396     if (_collection_set == nullptr) {
 397       cset_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(cset_size, cset_align, os::vm_page_size(), mtGC);
 398       if (!cset_rs.is_reserved()) {
 399         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot reserve memory for collection set");
 400       }
 401 
 402       _collection_set = new ShenandoahCollectionSet(this, cset_rs, sh_rs.base());
 403     }
 404     os::trace_page_sizes_for_requested_size("Collection Set",
 405                                             cset_size, cset_page_size,
 406                                             cset_rs.base(),
 407                                             cset_rs.size(), cset_rs.page_size());
 408   }
 409 
 410   _regions = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahHeapRegion*, _num_regions, mtGC);
 411   _affiliations = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(uint8_t, _num_regions, mtGC);
 412 
 413   {
 414     ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
 415     for (size_t i = 0; i < _num_regions; i++) {
 416       HeapWord* start = (HeapWord*)sh_rs.base() + ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_words() * i;
 417       bool is_committed = i < num_committed_regions;
 418       void* loc = region_storage.base() + i * region_align;
 419 
 420       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = new (loc) ShenandoahHeapRegion(start, i, is_committed);
 421       assert(is_aligned(r, SHENANDOAH_CACHE_LINE_SIZE), "Sanity");
 422 
 423       _marking_context->initialize_top_at_mark_start(r);
 424       _regions[i] = r;
 425       assert(!collection_set()->is_in(i), "New region should not be in collection set");
 426 
 427       _affiliations[i] = ShenandoahAffiliation::FREE;
 428     }
 429 
 430     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 431       size_t young_reserve = (soft_max_capacity() * ShenandoahEvacReserve) / 100;
 432       young_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve(young_reserve);
 433       old_generation()->set_evacuation_reserve((size_t) 0);
 434       old_generation()->set_promoted_reserve((size_t) 0);
 435     }
 436 
 437     _free_set = new ShenandoahFreeSet(this, _num_regions);
 438     initialize_generations();
 439 
 440     // We are initializing free set.  We ignore cset region tallies.
 441     size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old;
 442     _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old, last_old, num_old);
 443     if (mode()->is_generational()) {
 444       ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
 445       // We cannot call
 446       //  gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_cset_regions)
 447       // until after the heap is fully initialized.  So we make up a safe value here.
 448       size_t allocation_runway = InitialHeapSize / 2;
 449       gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
 450     }
 451     _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, num_old);
 452   }
 453 
 454   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
 455     // For NUMA, it is important to pre-touch the storage under bitmaps with worker threads,
 456     // before initialize() below zeroes it with initializing thread. For any given region,
 457     // we touch the region and the corresponding bitmaps from the same thread.
 458     ShenandoahPushWorkerScope scope(workers(), _max_workers, false);
 459 
 460     _pretouch_heap_page_size = heap_page_size;
 461     _pretouch_bitmap_page_size = bitmap_page_size;
 462 
 463     // OS memory managers may want to coalesce back-to-back pages. Make their jobs
 464     // simpler by pre-touching continuous spaces (heap and bitmap) separately.
 465 
 466     ShenandoahPretouchBitmapTask bcl(bitmap.base(), _bitmap_size, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
 467     _workers->run_task(&bcl);
 468 
 469     ShenandoahPretouchHeapTask hcl(_pretouch_heap_page_size);
 470     _workers->run_task(&hcl);
 471   }
 472 
 473   //
 474   // Initialize the rest of GC subsystems
 475   //
 476 
 477   _liveness_cache = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData*, _max_workers, mtGC);
 478   for (uint worker = 0; worker < _max_workers; worker++) {
 479     _liveness_cache[worker] = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(ShenandoahLiveData, _num_regions, mtGC);
 480     Copy::fill_to_bytes(_liveness_cache[worker], _num_regions * sizeof(ShenandoahLiveData));
 481   }
 482 
 483   // There should probably be Shenandoah-specific options for these,
 484   // just as there are G1-specific options.
 485   {
 486     ShenandoahSATBMarkQueueSet& satbqs = ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set();
 487     satbqs.set_process_completed_buffers_threshold(20); // G1SATBProcessCompletedThreshold
 488     satbqs.set_buffer_enqueue_threshold_percentage(60); // G1SATBBufferEnqueueingThresholdPercent
 489   }
 490 
 491   _monitoring_support = new ShenandoahMonitoringSupport(this);
 492   _phase_timings = new ShenandoahPhaseTimings(max_workers());
 493   ShenandoahCodeRoots::initialize();
 494 
 495   // Initialization of controller makes use of variables established by initialize_heuristics.
 496   initialize_controller();
 497 
 498   // Certain initialization of heuristics must be deferred until after controller is initialized.
 499   post_initialize_heuristics();
 500   start_idle_span();
 501   if (ShenandoahUncommit) {
 502     _uncommit_thread = new ShenandoahUncommitThread(this);
 503   }
 504   print_init_logger();
 505   FullGCForwarding::initialize(_heap_region);
 506   return JNI_OK;
 507 }
 508 
 509 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_controller() {
 510   _control_thread = new ShenandoahControlThread();
 511 }
 512 
 513 void ShenandoahHeap::print_init_logger() const {
 514   ShenandoahInitLogger::print();
 515 }
 516 
 517 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_mode() {
 518   if (ShenandoahGCMode != nullptr) {
 519     if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "satb") == 0) {
 520       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahSATBMode();
 521     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "passive") == 0) {
 522       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahPassiveMode();
 523     } else if (strcmp(ShenandoahGCMode, "generational") == 0) {
 524       _gc_mode = new ShenandoahGenerationalMode();
 525     } else {
 526       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option");
 527     }
 528   } else {
 529     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unknown -XX:ShenandoahGCMode option (null)");
 530   }
 531   _gc_mode->initialize_flags();
 532   if (_gc_mode->is_diagnostic() && !UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions) {
 533     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 534             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is diagnostic, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions.",
 535                     _gc_mode->name()));
 536   }
 537   if (_gc_mode->is_experimental() && !UnlockExperimentalVMOptions) {
 538     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 539             err_msg("GC mode \"%s\" is experimental, and must be enabled via -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions.",
 540                     _gc_mode->name()));
 541   }
 542 }
 543 
 544 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_heuristics() {
 545   _global_generation = new ShenandoahGlobalGeneration(mode()->is_generational(), max_workers());
 546   _global_generation->initialize_heuristics(mode());
 547 }
 548 
 549 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 550 #pragma warning( push )
 551 #pragma warning( disable:4355 ) // 'this' : used in base member initializer list
 552 #endif
 553 
 554 ShenandoahHeap::ShenandoahHeap(ShenandoahCollectorPolicy* policy) :
 555   CollectedHeap(),
 556   _active_generation(nullptr),
 557   _initial_size(0),
 558   _committed(0),
 559   _alloc_rate_decay(&_alloc_rate),
 560   _max_workers(MAX3(ConcGCThreads, ParallelGCThreads, 1U)),
 561   _workers(nullptr),
 562   _safepoint_workers(nullptr),
 563   _heap_region_special(false),
 564   _num_regions(0),
 565   _regions(nullptr),
 566   _affiliations(nullptr),
 567   _gc_state_changed(false),
 568   _gc_no_progress_count(0),
 569   _cancel_requested_time(0),
 570   _update_refs_iterator(this),
 571   _global_generation(nullptr),
 572   _control_thread(nullptr),
 573   _uncommit_thread(nullptr),
 574   _young_generation(nullptr),
 575   _old_generation(nullptr),
 576   _shenandoah_policy(policy),
 577   _gc_mode(nullptr),
 578   _free_set(nullptr),
 579   _verifier(nullptr),
 580   _phase_timings(nullptr),
 581   _monitoring_support(nullptr),
 582   _memory_pool(nullptr),
 583   _stw_memory_manager("Shenandoah Pauses"),
 584   _cycle_memory_manager("Shenandoah Cycles"),
 585   _gc_timer(new ConcurrentGCTimer()),
 586   _log_min_obj_alignment_in_bytes(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes),
 587   _marking_context(nullptr),
 588   _bitmap_size(0),
 589   _bitmap_regions_per_slice(0),
 590   _bitmap_bytes_per_slice(0),
 591   _bitmap_region_special(false),
 592   _aux_bitmap_region_special(false),
 593   _liveness_cache(nullptr),
 594   _collection_set(nullptr),
 595   _evac_tracker(new ShenandoahEvacuationTracker())
 596 {
 597   // Initialize GC mode early, many subsequent initialization procedures depend on it
 598   initialize_mode();
 599   _cancelled_gc.set(GCCause::_no_gc);
 600 }
 601 
 602 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 603 #pragma warning( pop )
 604 #endif
 605 
 606 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_on(outputStream* st) const {
 607   const bool is_generational = mode()->is_generational();
 608   const char* front_spacing = "";
 609   if (is_generational) {
 610     st->print_cr("Generational Shenandoah Heap");
 611     st->print_cr(" Young:");
 612     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(young_generation()->used()));
 613     st->print_cr(" Old:");
 614     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " used", PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(old_generation()->used()));
 615     st->print_cr(" Entire heap:");
 616     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed",
 617                 PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()), PROPERFMTARGS(committed()));
 618     front_spacing = " ";
 619   } else {
 620     st->print_cr("Shenandoah Heap");
 621     st->print_cr("  " PROPERFMT " max, " PROPERFMT " soft max, " PROPERFMT " committed, " PROPERFMT " used",
 622       PROPERFMTARGS(max_capacity()),
 623       PROPERFMTARGS(soft_max_capacity()),
 624       PROPERFMTARGS(committed()),
 625       PROPERFMTARGS(used())
 626     );
 627   }
 628   st->print_cr("%s %zu x " PROPERFMT " regions",
 629           front_spacing,
 630           num_regions(),
 631           PROPERFMTARGS(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes()));
 632 
 633   st->print("Status: ");
 634   if (has_forwarded_objects())                 st->print("has forwarded objects, ");
 635   if (!is_generational) {
 636     if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress())      st->print("marking,");
 637   } else {
 638     if (is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress())    st->print("old marking, ");
 639     if (is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress())  st->print("young marking, ");
 640   }
 641   if (is_evacuation_in_progress())             st->print("evacuating, ");
 642   if (is_update_refs_in_progress())            st->print("updating refs, ");
 643   if (is_degenerated_gc_in_progress())         st->print("degenerated gc, ");
 644   if (is_full_gc_in_progress())                st->print("full gc, ");
 645   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress())           st->print("full gc move, ");
 646   if (is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())   st->print("concurrent weak roots, ");
 647   if (is_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress() &&
 648       !is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress())  st->print("concurrent strong roots, ");
 649 
 650   if (cancelled_gc()) {
 651     st->print("cancelled");
 652   } else {
 653     st->print("not cancelled");
 654   }
 655   st->cr();
 656 
 657   st->print_cr("Reserved region:");
 658   st->print_cr(" - [" PTR_FORMAT ", " PTR_FORMAT ") ",
 659                p2i(reserved_region().start()),
 660                p2i(reserved_region().end()));
 661 
 662   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cset = collection_set();
 663   st->print_cr("Collection set:");
 664   if (cset != nullptr) {
 665     st->print_cr(" - map (vanilla): " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->map_address()));
 666     st->print_cr(" - map (biased):  " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cset->biased_map_address()));
 667   } else {
 668     st->print_cr(" (null)");
 669   }
 670 
 671   st->cr();
 672 
 673   if (Verbose) {
 674     st->cr();
 675     print_heap_regions_on(st);
 676   }
 677 }
 678 
 679 void ShenandoahHeap::print_gc_on(outputStream* st) const {
 680   print_heap_regions_on(st);
 681 }
 682 
 683 class ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
 684 public:
 685   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
 686     assert(thread != nullptr, "Sanity");
 687     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::initialize_gclab(thread);
 688   }
 689 };
 690 
 691 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_generations() {
 692   _global_generation->post_initialize(this);
 693 }
 694 
 695 // We do not call this explicitly  It is called by Hotspot infrastructure.
 696 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize() {
 697   CollectedHeap::post_initialize();
 698 
 699   check_soft_max_changed();
 700 
 701   // Schedule periodic task to report on gc thread CPU utilization
 702   _mmu_tracker.initialize();
 703 
 704   // Periodically decay allocation rate to compensate for not being updated when allocation rate
 705   // is low. Heuristics are evaluated unconditionally from a dedicated thread so it will continue
 706   // to see the last (possibly stale) allocation rate if the allocation rate is low.
 707   _alloc_rate_decay.enroll();
 708 
 709   MutexLocker ml(Threads_lock);
 710 
 711   ShenandoahInitWorkerGCLABClosure init_gclabs;
 712   _workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 713 
 714   // gclab can not be initialized early during VM startup, as it can not determinate its max_size.
 715   // Now, we will let WorkerThreads to initialize gclab when new worker is created.
 716   _workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 717 
 718   // Note that the safepoint workers may require gclabs if the threads are used to create a heap dump
 719   // during a concurrent evacuation phase.
 720   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
 721     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(&init_gclabs);
 722     _safepoint_workers->set_initialize_gclab();
 723   }
 724 
 725   JFR_ONLY(ShenandoahJFRSupport::register_jfr_type_serializers();)
 726 }
 727 
 728 void ShenandoahHeap::post_initialize_heuristics() {
 729   _global_generation->post_initialize_heuristics();
 730 }
 731 
 732 ShenandoahHeuristics* ShenandoahHeap::heuristics() {
 733   return _global_generation->heuristics();
 734 }
 735 
 736 size_t ShenandoahHeap::used() const {
 737   return global_generation()->used();
 738 }
 739 
 740 size_t ShenandoahHeap::committed() const {
 741   return _committed.load_relaxed();
 742 }
 743 
 744 void ShenandoahHeap::increase_committed(size_t bytes) {
 745   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 746   _committed.fetch_then_add(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 747 }
 748 
 749 void ShenandoahHeap::decrease_committed(size_t bytes) {
 750   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked_or_safepoint();
 751   _committed.fetch_then_sub(bytes, memory_order_relaxed);
 752 }
 753 
 754 size_t ShenandoahHeap::capacity() const {
 755   return committed();
 756 }
 757 
 758 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_capacity() const {
 759   return _num_regions * ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes();
 760 }
 761 
 762 size_t ShenandoahHeap::soft_max_capacity() const {
 763   size_t v = _soft_max_size.load_relaxed();
 764   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 765          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 766          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 767   return v;
 768 }
 769 
 770 void ShenandoahHeap::set_soft_max_capacity(size_t v) {
 771   assert(min_capacity() <= v && v <= max_capacity(),
 772          "Should be in bounds: %zu <= %zu <= %zu",
 773          min_capacity(), v, max_capacity());
 774   _soft_max_size.store_relaxed(v);
 775   heuristics()->compute_headroom_adjustment();
 776 }
 777 
 778 size_t ShenandoahHeap::min_capacity() const {
 779   return _minimum_size;
 780 }
 781 
 782 size_t ShenandoahHeap::initial_capacity() const {
 783   return _initial_size;
 784 }
 785 
 786 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_in(const void* p) const {
 787   if (!is_in_reserved(p)) {
 788     return false;
 789   }
 790 
 791   if (is_full_gc_move_in_progress()) {
 792     // Full GC move is running, we do not have a consistent region
 793     // information yet. But we know the pointer is in heap.
 794     return true;
 795   }
 796 
 797   // Now check if we point to a live section in active region.
 798   const ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
 799   if (p >= r->top()) {
 800     return false;
 801   }
 802 
 803   if (r->is_active()) {
 804     return true;
 805   }
 806 
 807   // The region is trash, but won't be recycled until after concurrent weak
 808   // roots. We also don't allow mutators to allocate from trash regions
 809   // during weak roots. Concurrent class unloading may access unmarked oops
 810   // in trash regions.
 811   return r->is_trash() && is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress();
 812 }
 813 
 814 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_soft_max_changed() {
 815   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 816     _uncommit_thread->notify_soft_max_changed();
 817   }
 818 }
 819 
 820 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_explicit_gc_requested() {
 821   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
 822     _uncommit_thread->notify_explicit_gc_requested();
 823   }
 824 }
 825 
 826 bool ShenandoahHeap::check_soft_max_changed() {
 827   size_t new_soft_max = AtomicAccess::load(&SoftMaxHeapSize);
 828   size_t old_soft_max = soft_max_capacity();
 829   if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 830     new_soft_max = clamp(new_soft_max, min_capacity(), max_capacity());
 831     if (new_soft_max != old_soft_max) {
 832       log_info(gc)("Soft Max Heap Size: %zu%s -> %zu%s",
 833                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(old_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(old_soft_max),
 834                    byte_size_in_proper_unit(new_soft_max), proper_unit_for_byte_size(new_soft_max)
 835       );
 836       set_soft_max_capacity(new_soft_max);
 837       return true;
 838     }
 839   }
 840   return false;
 841 }
 842 
 843 void ShenandoahHeap::notify_heap_changed() {
 844   // Update monitoring counters when we took a new region. This amortizes the
 845   // update costs on slow path.
 846   monitoring_support()->notify_heap_changed();
 847   _heap_changed.try_set();
 848 }
 849 
 850 void ShenandoahHeap::start_idle_span() {
 851   heuristics()->start_idle_span();
 852 }
 853 
 854 void ShenandoahHeap::set_forced_counters_update(bool value) {
 855   monitoring_support()->set_forced_counters_update(value);
 856 }
 857 
 858 void ShenandoahHeap::handle_force_counters_update() {
 859   monitoring_support()->handle_force_counters_update();
 860 }
 861 
 862 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_from_gclab_slow(Thread* thread, size_t size) {
 863   // New object should fit the GCLAB size
 864   size_t min_size = MAX2(size, PLAB::min_size());
 865 
 866   // Figure out size of new GCLAB, looking back at heuristics. Expand aggressively.
 867   size_t new_size = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) * 2;
 868 
 869   new_size = MIN2(new_size, PLAB::max_size());
 870   new_size = MAX2(new_size, PLAB::min_size());
 871 
 872   // Record new heuristic value even if we take any shortcut. This captures
 873   // the case when moderately-sized objects always take a shortcut. At some point,
 874   // heuristics should catch up with them.
 875   log_debug(gc, free)("Set new GCLAB size: %zu", new_size);
 876   ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, new_size);
 877 
 878   if (new_size < size) {
 879     // New size still does not fit the object. Fall back to shared allocation.
 880     // This avoids retiring perfectly good GCLABs, when we encounter a large object.
 881     log_debug(gc, free)("New gclab size (%zu) is too small for %zu", new_size, size);
 882     return nullptr;
 883   }
 884 
 885   // Retire current GCLAB, and allocate a new one.
 886   PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
 887   gclab->retire();
 888 
 889   size_t actual_size = 0;
 890   HeapWord* gclab_buf = allocate_new_gclab(min_size, new_size, &actual_size);
 891   if (gclab_buf == nullptr) {
 892     return nullptr;
 893   }
 894 
 895   assert (size <= actual_size, "allocation should fit");
 896 
 897   // ...and clear or zap just allocated TLAB, if needed.
 898   if (ZeroTLAB) {
 899     Copy::zero_to_words(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 900   } else if (ZapTLAB) {
 901     // Skip mangling the space corresponding to the object header to
 902     // ensure that the returned space is not considered parsable by
 903     // any concurrent GC thread.
 904     size_t hdr_size = oopDesc::header_size();
 905     Copy::fill_to_words(gclab_buf + hdr_size, actual_size - hdr_size, badHeapWordVal);
 906   }
 907   gclab->set_buf(gclab_buf, actual_size);
 908   return gclab->allocate(size);
 909 }
 910 
 911 // Called from stubs in JIT code or interpreter
 912 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_tlab(size_t min_size,
 913                                             size_t requested_size,
 914                                             size_t* actual_size) {
 915   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_tlab(min_size, requested_size);
 916   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 917   if (res != nullptr) {
 918     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 919   } else {
 920     *actual_size = 0;
 921   }
 922   return res;
 923 }
 924 
 925 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_new_gclab(size_t min_size,
 926                                              size_t word_size,
 927                                              size_t* actual_size) {
 928   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_gclab(min_size, word_size);
 929   HeapWord* res = allocate_memory(req);
 930   if (res != nullptr) {
 931     *actual_size = req.actual_size();
 932   } else {
 933     *actual_size = 0;
 934   }
 935   return res;
 936 }
 937 
 938 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req) {
 939   bool in_new_region = false;
 940   HeapWord* result = nullptr;
 941 
 942   if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
 943 
 944     if (!ShenandoahAllocFailureALot || !should_inject_alloc_failure()) {
 945       result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 946     }
 947 
 948     // Check that gc overhead is not exceeded.
 949     //
 950     // Shenandoah will grind along for quite a while allocating one
 951     // object at a time using shared (non-tlab) allocations. This check
 952     // is testing that the GC overhead limit has not been exceeded.
 953     // This will notify the collector to start a cycle, but will raise
 954     // an OOME to the mutator if the last Full GCs have not made progress.
 955     // gc_no_progress_count is incremented following each degen or full GC that fails to achieve is_good_progress().
 956     if (result == nullptr && !req.is_lab_alloc() && get_gc_no_progress_count() > ShenandoahNoProgressThreshold) {
 957       control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, false);
 958       req.set_actual_size(0);
 959       return nullptr;
 960     }
 961 
 962     if (result == nullptr) {
 963       // Block until control thread reacted, then retry allocation.
 964       //
 965       // It might happen that one of the threads requesting allocation would unblock
 966       // way later after GC happened, only to fail the second allocation, because
 967       // other threads have already depleted the free storage. In this case, a better
 968       // strategy is to try again, until at least one full GC has completed.
 969       //
 970       // Stop retrying and return nullptr to cause OOMError exception if our allocation failed even after:
 971       //   a) We experienced a GC that had good progress, or
 972       //   b) We experienced at least one Full GC (whether or not it had good progress)
 973 
 974       const size_t original_count = shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count();
 975       while (result == nullptr && should_retry_allocation(original_count)) {
 976         control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure(req, true);
 977         result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 978       }
 979       if (result != nullptr) {
 980         // If our allocation request has been satisfied after it initially failed, we count this as good gc progress
 981         notify_gc_progress();
 982       }
 983       if (log_develop_is_enabled(Debug, gc, alloc)) {
 984         ResourceMark rm;
 985         log_debug(gc, alloc)("Thread: %s, Result: " PTR_FORMAT ", Request: %s, Size: %zu"
 986                              ", Original: %zu, Latest: %zu",
 987                              Thread::current()->name(), p2i(result), req.type_string(), req.size(),
 988                              original_count, get_gc_no_progress_count());
 989       }
 990     }
 991   } else {
 992     assert(req.is_gc_alloc(), "Can only accept GC allocs here");
 993     result = allocate_memory_under_lock(req, in_new_region);
 994     // Do not call handle_alloc_failure() here, because we cannot block.
 995     // The allocation failure would be handled by the LRB slowpath with handle_alloc_failure_evac().
 996   }
 997 
 998   if (in_new_region) {
 999     notify_heap_changed();
1000   }
1001 
1002   if (result == nullptr) {
1003     req.set_actual_size(0);
1004   }
1005 
1006   if (result != nullptr) {
1007     size_t requested = req.size();
1008     size_t actual = req.actual_size();
1009 
1010     assert (req.is_lab_alloc() || (requested == actual),
1011             "Only LAB allocations are elastic: %s, requested = %zu, actual = %zu",
1012             req.type_string(), requested, actual);
1013   }
1014 
1015   return result;
1016 }
1017 
1018 inline bool ShenandoahHeap::should_retry_allocation(size_t original_full_gc_count) const {
1019   return shenandoah_policy()->full_gc_count() == original_full_gc_count
1020       && !shenandoah_policy()->is_at_shutdown();
1021 }
1022 
1023 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_memory_under_lock(ShenandoahAllocRequest& req, bool& in_new_region) {
1024   // If we are dealing with mutator allocation, then we may need to block for safepoint.
1025   // We cannot block for safepoint for GC allocations, because there is a high chance
1026   // we are already running at safepoint or from stack watermark machinery, and we cannot
1027   // block again.
1028   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock(), req.is_mutator_alloc());
1029 
1030   // Make sure the old generation has room for either evacuations or promotions before trying to allocate.
1031   if (req.is_old() && !old_generation()->can_allocate(req)) {
1032     return nullptr;
1033   }
1034 
1035   // If TLAB request size is greater than available, allocate() will attempt to downsize request to fit within available
1036   // memory.
1037   HeapWord* result = _free_set->allocate(req, in_new_region);
1038 
1039   if (result != nullptr) {
1040     if (req.is_mutator_alloc()) {
1041       _alloc_rate.allocated((req.actual_size() + req.waste()) * HeapWordSize);
1042     }
1043 
1044     if (req.is_old()) {
1045       if (req.is_lab_alloc()) {
1046         old_generation()->configure_plab_for_current_thread(req);
1047       } else if (req.is_promotion()) {
1048         const size_t actual_size = req.actual_size() * HeapWordSize;
1049         log_debug(gc, plab)("Expend shared promotion of %zu bytes", actual_size);
1050         old_generation()->expend_promoted(actual_size);
1051       }
1052     }
1053   }
1054 
1055   return result;
1056 }
1057 
1058 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::mem_allocate(size_t size) {
1059   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared(size);
1060   return allocate_memory(req);
1061 }
1062 
1063 oop ShenandoahHeap::array_allocate(Klass* klass, size_t size, int length, bool do_zero, TRAPS) {
1064   ShenandoahObjArrayAllocator allocator(klass, size, length, do_zero, THREAD);
1065   return allocator.allocate();
1066 }
1067 
1068 MetaWord* ShenandoahHeap::satisfy_failed_metadata_allocation(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
1069                                                              size_t size,
1070                                                              Metaspace::MetadataType mdtype) {
1071   MetaWord* result;
1072 
1073   // Inform metaspace OOM to GC heuristics if class unloading is possible.
1074   ShenandoahHeuristics* h = global_generation()->heuristics();
1075   if (h->can_unload_classes()) {
1076     h->record_metaspace_oom();
1077   }
1078 
1079   // Expand and retry allocation
1080   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1081   if (result != nullptr) {
1082     return result;
1083   }
1084 
1085   // Start full GC
1086   collect(GCCause::_metadata_GC_clear_soft_refs);
1087 
1088   // Retry allocation
1089   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->allocate(size, mdtype);
1090   if (result != nullptr) {
1091     return result;
1092   }
1093 
1094   // Expand and retry allocation
1095   result = loader_data->metaspace_non_null()->expand_and_allocate(size, mdtype);
1096   if (result != nullptr) {
1097     return result;
1098   }
1099 
1100   // Out of memory
1101   return nullptr;
1102 }
1103 
1104 class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1105 private:
1106   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1107   Thread* const _thread;
1108 public:
1109   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
1110     _heap(heap), _thread(Thread::current()) {}
1111 
1112   void do_object(oop p) {
1113     shenandoah_assert_marked(nullptr, p);
1114     if (!p->is_forwarded()) {
1115       _heap->evacuate_object(p, _thread);
1116     }
1117   }
1118 };
1119 
1120 class ShenandoahEvacuationTask : public WorkerTask {
1121 private:
1122   ShenandoahHeap* const _sh;
1123   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1124   bool _concurrent;
1125 public:
1126   ShenandoahEvacuationTask(ShenandoahHeap* sh,
1127                            ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs,
1128                            bool concurrent) :
1129     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuation"),
1130     _sh(sh),
1131     _cs(cs),
1132     _concurrent(concurrent)
1133   {}
1134 
1135   void work(uint worker_id) {
1136     if (_concurrent) {
1137       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1138       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1139       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
1140       do_work();
1141     } else {
1142       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_evac, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
1143       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1144       do_work();
1145     }
1146   }
1147 
1148 private:
1149   void do_work() {
1150     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacuateRegionObjectClosure cl(_sh);
1151     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1152     while ((r =_cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1153       assert(r->has_live(), "Region %zu should have been reclaimed early", r->index());
1154       _sh->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1155 
1156       if (_sh->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(_concurrent)) {
1157         break;
1158       }
1159     }
1160   }
1161 };
1162 
1163 class ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1164 private:
1165   bool const _resize;
1166 public:
1167   explicit ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure(bool resize) : _resize(resize) {}
1168   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1169     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1170     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1171     gclab->retire();
1172     if (_resize && ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab_size(thread) > 0) {
1173       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gclab_size(thread, 0);
1174     }
1175 
1176     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1177       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1178       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1179 
1180       // There are two reasons to retire all plabs between old-gen evacuation passes.
1181       //  1. We need to make the plab memory parsable by remembered-set scanning.
1182       //  2. We need to establish a trustworthy UpdateWaterMark value within each old-gen heap region
1183       shenandoah_plab->retire();
1184 
1185       // Re-enable promotions for the next evacuation phase.
1186       shenandoah_plab->enable_promotions();
1187 
1188       // Reset the fill size for next evacuation phase.
1189       if (_resize && shenandoah_plab->desired_size() > 0) {
1190         shenandoah_plab->set_desired_size(0);
1191       }
1192     }
1193   }
1194 };
1195 
1196 class ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1197 public:
1198   explicit ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1199     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah GC State Change"),
1200     _gc_state(gc_state) {}
1201 
1202   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1203     ShenandoahThreadLocalData::set_gc_state(thread, _gc_state);
1204   }
1205 private:
1206   char _gc_state;
1207 };
1208 
1209 class ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1210 public:
1211   explicit ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure(char gc_state) :
1212     HandshakeClosure("Shenandoah Prepare for Update Refs"),
1213     _retire(ResizeTLAB), _propagator(gc_state) {}
1214 
1215   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1216     _propagator.do_thread(thread);
1217     if (ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread) != nullptr) {
1218       _retire.do_thread(thread);
1219     }
1220   }
1221 private:
1222   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure _retire;
1223   ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure _propagator;
1224 };
1225 
1226 void ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_collection_set(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
1227   assert(generation->is_global(), "Only global generation expected here");
1228   ShenandoahEvacuationTask task(this, _collection_set, concurrent);
1229   workers()->run_task(&task);
1230 }
1231 
1232 void ShenandoahHeap::concurrent_prepare_for_update_refs() {
1233   {
1234     // Java threads take this lock while they are being attached and added to the list of threads.
1235     // If another thread holds this lock before we update the gc state, it will receive a stale
1236     // gc state, but they will have been added to the list of java threads and so will be corrected
1237     // by the following handshake.
1238     MutexLocker lock(Threads_lock);
1239 
1240     // A cancellation at this point means the degenerated cycle must resume from update-refs.
1241     set_gc_state_concurrent(EVACUATION, false);
1242     set_gc_state_concurrent(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1243     set_gc_state_concurrent(UPDATE_REFS, true);
1244   }
1245 
1246   // This will propagate the gc state and retire gclabs and plabs for threads that require it.
1247   ShenandoahPrepareForUpdateRefsHandshakeClosure prepare_for_update_refs(_gc_state.raw_value());
1248 
1249   // The handshake won't touch worker threads (or control thread, or VM thread), so do those separately.
1250   Threads::non_java_threads_do(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1251 
1252   // Now retire gclabs and plabs and propagate gc_state for mutator threads
1253   Handshake::execute(&prepare_for_update_refs);
1254 
1255   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
1256 }
1257 
1258 void ShenandoahHeap::op_final_roots() {
1259   assert(!is_evacuation_in_progress(), "Should not evacuate for abbreviated or old cycles");
1260   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, false);
1261   propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads();
1262 
1263   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1264     verifier()->verify_after_gc(active_generation());
1265   }
1266 
1267   // Final pause, arm the nmethods to put barriers down.
1268   ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods();
1269   ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
1270 }
1271 
1272 oop ShenandoahHeap::evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread) {
1273   assert(thread == Thread::current(), "Expected thread parameter to be current thread.");
1274 
1275   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(p);
1276   assert(!r->is_humongous(), "never evacuate humongous objects");
1277 
1278   ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen = r->affiliation();
1279   return try_evacuate_object(p, thread, r, target_gen);
1280 }
1281 
1282 oop ShenandoahHeap::try_evacuate_object(oop p, Thread* thread, ShenandoahHeapRegion* from_region,
1283                                                ShenandoahAffiliation target_gen) {
1284   assert(target_gen == YOUNG_GENERATION, "Only expect evacuations to young in this mode");
1285   assert(from_region->is_young(), "Only expect evacuations from young in this mode");
1286   bool alloc_from_lab = true;
1287   HeapWord* copy = nullptr;
1288   size_t size = ShenandoahForwarding::size(p);
1289 
1290 #ifdef ASSERT
1291   if (ShenandoahOOMDuringEvacALot &&
1292       (os::random() & 1) == 0) { // Simulate OOM every ~2nd slow-path call
1293     copy = nullptr;
1294   } else {
1295 #endif
1296     if (UseTLAB) {
1297       copy = allocate_from_gclab(thread, size);
1298     }
1299     if (copy == nullptr) {
1300       // If we failed to allocate in LAB, we'll try a shared allocation.
1301       ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_shared_gc(size, target_gen);
1302       copy = allocate_memory(req);
1303       alloc_from_lab = false;
1304     }
1305 #ifdef ASSERT
1306   }
1307 #endif
1308 
1309   if (copy == nullptr) {
1310     control_thread()->handle_alloc_failure_evac(size);
1311 
1312     // Install the self-forwarded bit on p so other evacuators/LRBs see
1313     // the object as "already handled, do not try to evacuate". The CAS
1314     // may fail if another thread concurrently installed a real forwardee
1315     // (they succeeded where we failed) or self-forwarded first.
1316     markWord old_mark = p->mark();
1317     if (old_mark.is_forwarded()) {
1318       return ShenandoahForwarding::get_forwardee(p);
1319     }
1320     oop winner = ShenandoahForwarding::try_forward_to_self(p, old_mark);
1321     if (winner == nullptr) {
1322       // We own the self-forwarding. Flag the region so the degen/full GC
1323       // entry drain knows to scan it for self_fwd bits to clear.
1324       from_region->set_has_self_forwards();
1325       return p;
1326     }
1327     return winner;
1328   }
1329 
1330   if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1331     evac_tracker()->begin_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1332   }
1333 
1334   // Copy the object:
1335   Copy::aligned_disjoint_words(cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(p), copy, size);
1336 
1337   oop copy_val = cast_to_oop(copy);
1338 
1339   // Relativize stack chunks before publishing the copy. After the forwarding CAS,
1340   // mutators can see the copy and thaw it via the fast path if flags == 0. We must
1341   // relativize derived pointers and set gc_mode before that happens. Skip if the
1342   // copy's mark word is already a forwarding pointer (another thread won the race
1343   // and overwrote the original's header before we copied it).
1344   if (!ShenandoahForwarding::is_forwarded(copy_val)) {
1345     ContinuationGCSupport::relativize_stack_chunk(copy_val);
1346   }
1347 
1348   // Try to install the new forwarding pointer.
1349   oop result = ShenandoahForwarding::try_update_forwardee(p, copy_val);
1350   if (result == copy_val) {
1351     // Successfully evacuated. Our copy is now the public one!
1352     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1353     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1354       evac_tracker()->end_evacuation(thread, size * HeapWordSize, from_region->affiliation(), target_gen);
1355     }
1356     return copy_val;
1357   }  else {
1358     // Failed to evacuate. We need to deal with the object that is left behind. Since this
1359     // new allocation is certainly after TAMS, it will be considered live in the next cycle.
1360     // But if it happens to contain references to evacuated regions, those references would
1361     // not get updated for this stale copy during this cycle, and we will crash while scanning
1362     // it the next cycle.
1363     if (alloc_from_lab) {
1364       // For LAB allocations, it is enough to rollback the allocation ptr. Either the next
1365       // object will overwrite this stale copy, or the filler object on LAB retirement will
1366       // do this.
1367       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread)->undo_allocation(copy, size);
1368     } else {
1369       // For non-LAB allocations, we have no way to retract the allocation, and
1370       // have to explicitly overwrite the copy with the filler object. With that overwrite,
1371       // we have to keep the fwdptr initialized and pointing to our (stale) copy.
1372       assert(size >= ShenandoahHeap::min_fill_size(), "previously allocated object known to be larger than min_size");
1373       fill_with_object(copy, size);
1374       shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, copy_val);
1375       // For non-LAB allocations, the object has already been registered
1376     }
1377     shenandoah_assert_correct(nullptr, result);
1378     return result;
1379   }
1380 }
1381 
1382 // Clear the self_fwd bit on a live cset object, if set. Runs at a safepoint,
1383 // so a plain store is sufficient — no concurrent writers to the mark word.
1384 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure : public ObjectClosure {
1385 public:
1386   void do_object(oop obj) override {
1387     markWord m = obj->mark();
1388     if (m.is_self_forwarded()) {
1389       obj->set_mark(m.unset_self_forwarded());
1390     }
1391   }
1392 };
1393 
1394 // Parallel task over flagged cset regions. Iterates the live objects via the
1395 // mark bitmap (skipping evacuated and never-marked memory), clears self_fwd
1396 // bits, and resets the region flag once done.
1397 class ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask : public WorkerTask {
1398 private:
1399   ShenandoahHeap*          const _heap;
1400   ShenandoahCollectionSet* const _cs;
1401 
1402 public:
1403   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask(ShenandoahHeap* heap, ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs) :
1404     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Un-Self-Forward"),
1405     _heap(heap),
1406     _cs(cs) {}
1407 
1408   void work(uint worker_id) override {
1409     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
1410     ShenandoahUnSelfForwardObjectClosure cl;
1411     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1412     while ((r = _cs->claim_next()) != nullptr) {
1413       if (r->has_self_forwards()) {
1414         _heap->marked_object_iterate(r, &cl);
1415         r->clear_has_self_forwards();
1416       }
1417     }
1418   }
1419 };
1420 
1421 void ShenandoahHeap::un_self_forward_cset_regions() {
1422   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1423   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1424   if (cs == nullptr || cs->is_empty()) {
1425     return;
1426   }
1427   cs->clear_current_index();
1428   ShenandoahUnSelfForwardTask task(this, cs);
1429   workers()->run_task(&task);
1430   DEBUG_ONLY(assert_no_self_forwards());
1431 }
1432 
1433 #ifdef ASSERT
1434 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_no_self_forwards() const {
1435   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
1436   ShenandoahCollectionSet* cs = collection_set();
1437   if (cs == nullptr) return;
1438   cs->clear_current_index();
1439   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1440   while ((r = cs->next()) != nullptr) {
1441     assert(!r->has_self_forwards(), "region still flagged after drain");
1442   }
1443   cs->clear_current_index();
1444 }
1445 #endif
1446 
1447 void ShenandoahHeap::trash_cset_regions() {
1448   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
1449 
1450   ShenandoahCollectionSet* set = collection_set();
1451   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
1452   set->clear_current_index();
1453   while ((r = set->next()) != nullptr) {
1454     r->make_trash();
1455   }
1456   collection_set()->clear();
1457 }
1458 
1459 void ShenandoahHeap::print_heap_regions_on(outputStream* st) const {
1460   st->print_cr("Heap Regions:");
1461   st->print_cr("Region state: EU=empty-uncommitted, EC=empty-committed, R=regular, H=humongous start, HP=pinned humongous start");
1462   st->print_cr("              HC=humongous continuation, CS=collection set, TR=trash, P=pinned, CSP=pinned collection set");
1463   st->print_cr("BTE=bottom/top/end, TAMS=top-at-mark-start");
1464   st->print_cr("UWM=update watermark, U=used");
1465   st->print_cr("T=TLAB allocs, G=GCLAB allocs");
1466   st->print_cr("S=shared allocs, L=live data");
1467   st->print_cr("CP=critical pins");
1468 
1469   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
1470     get_region(i)->print_on(st);
1471   }
1472 }
1473 
1474 void ShenandoahHeap::process_gc_stats() const {
1475   // Commit worker statistics to cycle data
1476   phase_timings()->flush_par_workers_to_cycle();
1477 
1478   // Print GC stats for current cycle
1479   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1480   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1481     ResourceMark rm;
1482     LogStream ls(lt);
1483     phase_timings()->print_cycle_on(&ls);
1484     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1485       ShenandoahCycleStats  evac_stats = evac_tracker()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1486       evac_tracker()->print_evacuations_on(&ls, &evac_stats.workers,
1487                                                &evac_stats.mutators);
1488     }
1489   }
1490 
1491   // Commit statistics to globals
1492   phase_timings()->flush_cycle_to_global();
1493 }
1494 
1495 size_t ShenandoahHeap::trash_humongous_region_at(ShenandoahHeapRegion* start) const {
1496   assert(start->is_humongous_start(), "reclaim regions starting with the first one");
1497   assert(!start->has_live(), "liveness must be zero");
1498 
1499   // Do not try to get the size of this humongous object. STW collections will
1500   // have already unloaded classes, so an unmarked object may have a bad klass pointer.
1501   ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = start;
1502   size_t index = region->index();
1503   do {
1504     assert(region->is_humongous(), "Expect correct humongous start or continuation");
1505     assert(!region->is_cset(), "Humongous region should not be in collection set");
1506     region->make_trash_immediate();
1507     region = get_region(++index);
1508   } while (region != nullptr && region->is_humongous_continuation());
1509 
1510   // Return number of regions trashed
1511   return index - start->index();
1512 }
1513 
1514 class ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1515 public:
1516   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure() {}
1517   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1518     PLAB* gclab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::gclab(thread);
1519     assert(gclab != nullptr, "GCLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1520     assert(gclab->words_remaining() == 0, "GCLAB should not need retirement");
1521 
1522     if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->mode()->is_generational()) {
1523       ShenandoahPLAB* shenandoah_plab = ShenandoahThreadLocalData::shenandoah_plab(thread);
1524       assert(shenandoah_plab != nullptr, "PLAB should be initialized for %s", thread->name());
1525       assert(shenandoah_plab->plab()->words_remaining() == 0, "PLAB should not need retirement");
1526     }
1527   }
1528 };
1529 
1530 void ShenandoahHeap::labs_make_parsable() {
1531   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1532 
1533   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(false);
1534 
1535   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1536     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer& tlab = t->tlab();
1537     tlab.make_parsable();
1538     if (ZeroTLAB) {
1539       t->retire_tlab();
1540     }
1541     cl.do_thread(t);
1542   }
1543 
1544   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1545 
1546   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1547     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1548   }
1549 }
1550 
1551 void ShenandoahHeap::tlabs_retire(bool resize) {
1552   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1553   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1554 
1555   ThreadLocalAllocStats stats;
1556 
1557   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1558     t->retire_tlab(&stats);
1559     if (resize) {
1560       t->tlab().resize();
1561     }
1562   }
1563 
1564   stats.publish();
1565 
1566 #ifdef ASSERT
1567   ShenandoahCheckCleanGCLABClosure cl;
1568   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1569     cl.do_thread(t);
1570   }
1571   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1572 #endif
1573 }
1574 
1575 void ShenandoahHeap::gclabs_retire(bool resize) {
1576   assert(UseTLAB, "Only call with UseTLAB");
1577   assert(!resize || ResizeTLAB, "Only call for resize when ResizeTLAB is enabled");
1578 
1579   ShenandoahRetireGCLABClosure cl(resize);
1580   for (JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle jtiwh; JavaThread *t = jtiwh.next(); ) {
1581     cl.do_thread(t);
1582   }
1583 
1584   workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1585 
1586   if (safepoint_workers() != nullptr) {
1587     safepoint_workers()->threads_do(&cl);
1588   }
1589 }
1590 
1591 // Returns size in bytes
1592 size_t ShenandoahHeap::unsafe_max_tlab_alloc() const {
1593   // Return the max allowed size, and let the allocation path
1594   // figure out the safe size for current allocation.
1595   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_bytes();
1596 }
1597 
1598 size_t ShenandoahHeap::max_tlab_size() const {
1599   // Returns size in words
1600   return ShenandoahHeapRegion::max_tlab_size_words();
1601 }
1602 
1603 void ShenandoahHeap::collect_as_vm_thread(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1604   // These requests are ignored because we can't easily have Shenandoah jump into
1605   // a synchronous (degenerated or full) cycle while it is in the middle of a concurrent
1606   // cycle. We _could_ cancel the concurrent cycle and then try to run a cycle directly
1607   // on the VM thread, but this would confuse the control thread mightily and doesn't
1608   // seem worth the trouble. Instead, we will have the caller thread run (and wait for) a
1609   // concurrent cycle in the prologue of the heap inspect/dump operation (see VM_HeapDumper::doit_prologue).
1610   // This is how other concurrent collectors in the JVM handle this scenario as well.
1611   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Should be the VM thread");
1612   guarantee(cause == GCCause::_heap_dump || cause == GCCause::_heap_inspection, "Invalid cause");
1613 }
1614 
1615 void ShenandoahHeap::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
1616   control_thread()->request_gc(cause);
1617 }
1618 
1619 void ShenandoahHeap::do_full_collection(bool clear_all_soft_refs) {
1620   // This method is only called by `CollectedHeap::collect_as_vm_thread`, which we have
1621   // overridden to do nothing. See the comment there for an explanation of how heap inspections
1622   // work for Shenandoah.
1623   ShouldNotReachHere();
1624 }
1625 
1626 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::block_start(const void* addr) const {
1627   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1628   if (r != nullptr) {
1629     return r->block_start(addr);
1630   }
1631   return nullptr;
1632 }
1633 
1634 bool ShenandoahHeap::block_is_obj(const HeapWord* addr) const {
1635   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(addr);
1636   return r->block_is_obj(addr);
1637 }
1638 
1639 bool ShenandoahHeap::print_location(outputStream* st, void* addr) const {
1640   return BlockLocationPrinter<ShenandoahHeap>::print_location(st, addr);
1641 }
1642 
1643 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_for_verify() {
1644   if (SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() && UseTLAB) {
1645     labs_make_parsable();
1646   }
1647 }
1648 
1649 void ShenandoahHeap::gc_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tcl) const {
1650   if (_shenandoah_policy->is_at_shutdown()) {
1651     return;
1652   }
1653 
1654   if (_control_thread != nullptr) {
1655     tcl->do_thread(_control_thread);
1656   }
1657 
1658   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
1659     tcl->do_thread(_uncommit_thread);
1660   }
1661 
1662   workers()->threads_do(tcl);
1663   if (_safepoint_workers != nullptr) {
1664     _safepoint_workers->threads_do(tcl);
1665   }
1666 }
1667 
1668 void ShenandoahHeap::print_tracing_info() const {
1669   LogTarget(Info, gc, stats) lt;
1670   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1671     ResourceMark rm;
1672     LogStream ls(lt);
1673 
1674     if (ShenandoahEvacTracking) {
1675       evac_tracker()->print_global_on(&ls);
1676       ls.cr();
1677       ls.cr();
1678     }
1679 
1680     phase_timings()->print_global_on(&ls);
1681 
1682     ls.cr();
1683     ls.cr();
1684 
1685     shenandoah_policy()->print_gc_stats(&ls);
1686 
1687     ls.cr();
1688     ls.cr();
1689   }
1690 }
1691 
1692 // Active generation may only be set by the VM thread at a safepoint.
1693 void ShenandoahHeap::set_active_generation(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1694   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Only the VM Thread");
1695   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Only at a safepoint!");
1696   _active_generation = generation;
1697 }
1698 
1699 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_start(GCCause::Cause cause, ShenandoahGeneration* generation,
1700                                     bool is_degenerated, bool is_out_of_cycle) {
1701   shenandoah_policy()->record_collection_cause(cause);
1702 
1703   const GCCause::Cause current = gc_cause();
1704   assert(current == GCCause::_no_gc, "Over-writing cause: %s, with: %s",
1705          GCCause::to_string(current), GCCause::to_string(cause));
1706 
1707   set_gc_cause(cause);
1708 
1709   if (is_degenerated) {
1710     generation->heuristics()->record_degenerated_cycle_start(is_out_of_cycle);
1711   } else {
1712     generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_start();
1713   }
1714 }
1715 
1716 void ShenandoahHeap::on_cycle_end(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) {
1717   assert(gc_cause() != GCCause::_no_gc, "cause wasn't set");
1718 
1719   generation->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1720   if (mode()->is_generational() && generation->is_global()) {
1721     // If we just completed a GLOBAL GC, claim credit for completion of young-gen and old-gen GC as well
1722     young_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1723     old_generation()->heuristics()->record_cycle_end();
1724   }
1725 
1726   set_gc_cause(GCCause::_no_gc);
1727 }
1728 
1729 void ShenandoahHeap::verify(VerifyOption vo) {
1730   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
1731     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
1732       verifier()->verify_generic(active_generation(), vo);
1733     } else {
1734       // TODO: Consider allocating verification bitmaps on demand,
1735       // and turn this on unconditionally.
1736     }
1737   }
1738 }
1739 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_capacity() const {
1740   return _free_set->capacity_not_holding_lock();
1741 }
1742 
1743 class ObjectIterateScanRootClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1744 private:
1745   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1746   ShenandoahScanObjectStack* _oop_stack;
1747   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1748   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1749 
1750   template <class T>
1751   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1752     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1753     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1754       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1755       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1756         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1757         return;
1758       }
1759       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1760 
1761       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1762       if (!_bitmap->is_marked(obj)) {
1763         _bitmap->mark(obj);
1764         _oop_stack->push(obj);
1765       }
1766     }
1767   }
1768 public:
1769   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack) :
1770     _bitmap(bitmap), _oop_stack(oop_stack), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1771     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1772   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1773   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1774 };
1775 
1776 /*
1777  * This is public API, used in preparation of object_iterate().
1778  * Since we don't do linear scan of heap in object_iterate() (see comment below), we don't
1779  * need to make the heap parsable. For Shenandoah-internal linear heap scans that we can
1780  * control, we call SH::tlabs_retire, SH::gclabs_retire.
1781  */
1782 void ShenandoahHeap::ensure_parsability(bool retire_tlabs) {
1783   // No-op.
1784 }
1785 
1786 /*
1787  * Iterates objects in the heap. This is public API, used for, e.g., heap dumping.
1788  *
1789  * We cannot safely iterate objects by doing a linear scan at random points in time. Linear
1790  * scanning needs to deal with dead objects, which may have dead Klass* pointers (e.g.
1791  * calling oopDesc::size() would crash) or dangling reference fields (crashes) etc. Linear
1792  * scanning therefore depends on having a valid marking bitmap to support it. However, we only
1793  * have a valid marking bitmap after successful marking. In particular, we *don't* have a valid
1794  * marking bitmap during marking, after aborted marking or during/after cleanup (when we just
1795  * wiped the bitmap in preparation for next marking).
1796  *
1797  * For all those reasons, we implement object iteration as a single marking traversal, reporting
1798  * objects as we mark+traverse through the heap, starting from GC roots. JVMTI IterateThroughHeap
1799  * is allowed to report dead objects, but is not required to do so.
1800  */
1801 void ShenandoahHeap::object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl) {
1802   // Reset bitmap
1803   if (!prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration())
1804     return;
1805 
1806   ShenandoahScanObjectStack oop_stack;
1807   ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(&_aux_bit_map, &oop_stack);
1808   // Seed the stack with root scan
1809   scan_roots_for_iteration(&oop_stack, &oops);
1810 
1811   // Work through the oop stack to traverse heap
1812   while (! oop_stack.is_empty()) {
1813     oop obj = oop_stack.pop();
1814     assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1815     cl->do_object(obj);
1816     obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1817   }
1818 
1819   assert(oop_stack.is_empty(), "should be empty");
1820   // Reclaim bitmap
1821   reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1822 }
1823 
1824 bool ShenandoahHeap::prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1825   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1826   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1827     bool success = os::commit_memory((char *) _aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size(), false);
1828     if (!success) {
1829       log_warning(gc)("Auxiliary marking bitmap commit failed: " PTR_FORMAT " (%zu bytes)",
1830                       p2i(_aux_bitmap_region.start()), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1831       return false;
1832     }
1833   }
1834   _aux_bit_map.clear();
1835   return true;
1836 }
1837 
1838 void ShenandoahHeap::scan_roots_for_iteration(ShenandoahScanObjectStack* oop_stack, ObjectIterateScanRootClosure* oops) {
1839   // Process GC roots according to current GC cycle
1840   // This populates the work stack with initial objects
1841   // It is important to relinquish the associated locks before diving
1842   // into heap dumper
1843   uint n_workers = safepoint_workers() != nullptr ? safepoint_workers()->active_workers() : 1;
1844   ShenandoahHeapIterationRootScanner rp(n_workers);
1845   rp.roots_do(oops);
1846 }
1847 
1848 void ShenandoahHeap::reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration() {
1849   if (!_aux_bitmap_region_special) {
1850     os::uncommit_memory((char*)_aux_bitmap_region.start(), _aux_bitmap_region.byte_size());
1851   }
1852 }
1853 
1854 // Closure for parallelly iterate objects
1855 class ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1856 private:
1857   MarkBitMap* _bitmap;
1858   ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* _queue;
1859   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
1860   ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _marking_context;
1861 
1862   template <class T>
1863   void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1864     T o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1865     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(o)) {
1866       oop obj = CompressedOops::decode_not_null(o);
1867       if (_heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() && !_marking_context->is_marked(obj)) {
1868         // There may be dead oops in weak roots in concurrent root phase, do not touch them.
1869         return;
1870       }
1871       obj = ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->load_reference_barrier(obj);
1872 
1873       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "Must be a valid oop");
1874       if (_bitmap->par_mark(obj)) {
1875         _queue->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1876       }
1877     }
1878   }
1879 public:
1880   ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure(MarkBitMap* bitmap, ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q) :
1881     _bitmap(bitmap), _queue(q), _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
1882     _marking_context(_heap->marking_context()) {}
1883   void do_oop(oop* p)       { do_oop_work(p); }
1884   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1885 };
1886 
1887 // Object iterator for parallel heap iteraion.
1888 // The root scanning phase happenes in construction as a preparation of
1889 // parallel marking queues.
1890 // Every worker processes it's own marking queue. work-stealing is used
1891 // to balance workload.
1892 class ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator : public ParallelObjectIteratorImpl {
1893 private:
1894   uint                         _num_workers;
1895   bool                         _init_ready;
1896   MarkBitMap*                  _aux_bit_map;
1897   ShenandoahHeap*              _heap;
1898   ShenandoahScanObjectStack    _roots_stack; // global roots stack
1899   ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* _task_queues;
1900 public:
1901   ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(uint num_workers, MarkBitMap* bitmap) :
1902         _num_workers(num_workers),
1903         _init_ready(false),
1904         _aux_bit_map(bitmap),
1905         _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()) {
1906     // Initialize bitmap
1907     _init_ready = _heap->prepare_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1908     if (!_init_ready) {
1909       return;
1910     }
1911 
1912     ObjectIterateScanRootClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, &_roots_stack);
1913     _heap->scan_roots_for_iteration(&_roots_stack, &oops);
1914 
1915     _init_ready = prepare_worker_queues();
1916   }
1917 
1918   ~ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator() {
1919     // Reclaim bitmap
1920     _heap->reclaim_aux_bitmap_for_iteration();
1921     // Reclaim queue for workers
1922     if (_task_queues!= nullptr) {
1923       for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1924         ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = _task_queues->queue(i);
1925         if (q != nullptr) {
1926           delete q;
1927           _task_queues->register_queue(i, nullptr);
1928         }
1929       }
1930       delete _task_queues;
1931       _task_queues = nullptr;
1932     }
1933   }
1934 
1935   virtual void object_iterate(ObjectClosure* cl, uint worker_id) {
1936     if (_init_ready) {
1937       object_iterate_parallel(cl, worker_id, _task_queues);
1938     }
1939   }
1940 
1941 private:
1942   // Divide global root_stack into worker queues
1943   bool prepare_worker_queues() {
1944     _task_queues = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet((int) _num_workers);
1945     // Initialize queues for every workers
1946     for (uint i = 0; i < _num_workers; ++i) {
1947       ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* task_queue = new ShenandoahObjToScanQueue();
1948       _task_queues->register_queue(i, task_queue);
1949     }
1950     // Divide roots among the workers. Assume that object referencing distribution
1951     // is related with root kind, use round-robin to make every worker have same chance
1952     // to process every kind of roots
1953     size_t roots_num = _roots_stack.size();
1954     if (roots_num == 0) {
1955       // No work to do
1956       return false;
1957     }
1958 
1959     for (uint j = 0; j < roots_num; j++) {
1960       uint stack_id = j % _num_workers;
1961       oop obj = _roots_stack.pop();
1962       _task_queues->queue(stack_id)->push(ShenandoahMarkTask(obj));
1963     }
1964     return true;
1965   }
1966 
1967   void object_iterate_parallel(ObjectClosure* cl,
1968                                uint worker_id,
1969                                ShenandoahObjToScanQueueSet* queue_set) {
1970     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "safe iteration is only available during safepoints");
1971     assert(queue_set != nullptr, "task queue must not be null");
1972 
1973     ShenandoahObjToScanQueue* q = queue_set->queue(worker_id);
1974     assert(q != nullptr, "object iterate queue must not be null");
1975 
1976     ShenandoahMarkTask t;
1977     ShenandoahObjectIterateParScanClosure oops(_aux_bit_map, q);
1978 
1979     // Work through the queue to traverse heap.
1980     // Steal when there is no task in queue.
1981     while (q->pop(t) || queue_set->steal(worker_id, t)) {
1982       oop obj = t.obj();
1983       assert(oopDesc::is_oop(obj), "must be a valid oop");
1984       cl->do_object(obj);
1985       obj->oop_iterate(&oops);
1986     }
1987     assert(q->is_empty(), "should be empty");
1988   }
1989 };
1990 
1991 ParallelObjectIteratorImpl* ShenandoahHeap::parallel_object_iterator(uint workers) {
1992   return new ShenandoahParallelObjectIterator(workers, &_aux_bit_map);
1993 }
1994 
1995 // Keep alive an object that was loaded with AS_NO_KEEPALIVE.
1996 void ShenandoahHeap::keep_alive(oop obj) {
1997   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() && (obj != nullptr)) {
1998     ShenandoahBarrierSet::barrier_set()->enqueue(obj);
1999   }
2000 }
2001 
2002 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2003   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2004     ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = get_region(i);
2005     blk->heap_region_do(current);
2006   }
2007 }
2008 
2009 class ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask : public WorkerTask {
2010 private:
2011   ShenandoahRegionIterator _regions;
2012   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* _closure;
2013 
2014 public:
2015   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure)
2016     : WorkerTask("Shenandoah Heap Region Iterator")
2017     , _closure(closure) {}
2018 
2019   void work(uint worker_id) override {
2020     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2021     ShenandoahHeapRegion* region = _regions.next();
2022     while (region != nullptr) {
2023       _closure->heap_region_do(region);
2024       region = _regions.next();
2025     }
2026   }
2027 };
2028 
2029 class ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask : public WorkerTask {
2030 private:
2031   ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;
2032   ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* const _blk;
2033   size_t const _stride;
2034 
2035   shenandoah_padding(0);
2036   Atomic<size_t> _index;
2037   shenandoah_padding(1);
2038 
2039 public:
2040   ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk, size_t stride) :
2041           WorkerTask("Shenandoah Parallel Region Operation"),
2042           _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()), _blk(blk), _stride(stride), _index(0) {}
2043 
2044   void work(uint worker_id) {
2045     ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2046     size_t stride = _stride;
2047 
2048     size_t max = _heap->num_regions();
2049     while (_index.load_relaxed() < max) {
2050       size_t cur = _index.fetch_then_add(stride, memory_order_relaxed);
2051       size_t start = cur;
2052       size_t end = MIN2(cur + stride, max);
2053       if (start >= max) break;
2054 
2055       for (size_t i = cur; i < end; i++) {
2056         ShenandoahHeapRegion* current = _heap->get_region(i);
2057         _blk->heap_region_do(current);
2058       }
2059     }
2060   }
2061 };
2062 
2063 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_heap_region_iterate(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* blk) const {
2064   assert(blk->is_thread_safe(), "Only thread-safe closures here");
2065   const uint active_workers = workers()->active_workers();
2066   const size_t n_regions = num_regions();
2067   size_t stride = blk->parallel_region_stride();
2068   if (stride == 0 && active_workers > 1) {
2069     // Automatically derive the stride to balance the work between threads
2070     // evenly. Do not try to split work if below the reasonable threshold.
2071     constexpr size_t threshold = 4096;
2072     stride = n_regions <= threshold ?
2073             threshold :
2074             (n_regions + active_workers - 1) / active_workers;
2075   }
2076 
2077   if (n_regions > stride && active_workers > 1) {
2078     ShenandoahParallelHeapRegionTask task(blk, stride);
2079     workers()->run_task(&task);
2080   } else {
2081     heap_region_iterate(blk);
2082   }
2083 }
2084 
2085 void ShenandoahHeap::heap_region_iterator(ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure* closure) const {
2086   ShenandoahHeapRegionIteratorTask task(closure);
2087   workers()->run_task(&task);
2088 }
2089 
2090 class ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
2091 public:
2092   inline ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure(const char* name) : HandshakeClosure(name) {}
2093   inline void do_thread(Thread* thread) {}
2094 };
2095 
2096 void ShenandoahHeap::rendezvous_threads(const char* name) {
2097   ShenandoahRendezvousHandshakeClosure cl(name);
2098   Handshake::execute(&cl);
2099 }
2100 
2101 void ShenandoahHeap::recycle_trash() {
2102   free_set()->recycle_trash();
2103 }
2104 
2105 void ShenandoahHeap::do_class_unloading() {
2106   _unloader.unload();
2107   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2108     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2109   }
2110 }
2111 
2112 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_weak_refs(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2113   // Weak refs processing
2114   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ? ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_weakrefs
2115                                                 : ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_weakrefs;
2116   ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(phase);
2117   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2118   generation->ref_processor()->process_references(phase, workers(), false /* concurrent */);
2119 }
2120 
2121 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_update_heap_references() {
2122   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2123 
2124   // Evacuation is over, no GCLABs are needed anymore. GCLABs are under URWM, so we need to
2125   // make them parsable for update code to work correctly. Plus, we can compute new sizes
2126   // for future GCLABs here.
2127   if (UseTLAB) {
2128     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_init_update_refs_manage_gclabs);
2129     gclabs_retire(ResizeTLAB);
2130   }
2131 
2132   _update_refs_iterator.reset();
2133 }
2134 
2135 void ShenandoahHeap::propagate_gc_state_to_all_threads() {
2136   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2137   if (_gc_state_changed) {
2138     // If we are only marking old, we do not need to process young pointers
2139     ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_filter_out_young(
2140       is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress() && !is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()
2141     );
2142     ShenandoahGCStatePropagatorHandshakeClosure propagator(_gc_state.raw_value());
2143     Threads::threads_do(&propagator);
2144     _gc_state_changed = false;
2145   }
2146 }
2147 
2148 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_at_safepoint(uint mask, bool value) {
2149   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Must be at Shenandoah safepoint");
2150   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2151   _gc_state_changed = true;
2152 }
2153 
2154 void ShenandoahHeap::set_gc_state_concurrent(uint mask, bool value) {
2155   // Holding the thread lock here assures that any thread created after we change the gc
2156   // state will have the correct state. It also prevents attaching threads from seeing
2157   // an inconsistent state. See ShenandoahBarrierSet::on_thread_attach for reference. Established
2158   // threads will use their thread local copy of the gc state (changed by a handshake, or on a
2159   // safepoint).
2160   assert(Threads_lock->is_locked(), "Must hold thread lock for concurrent gc state change");
2161   _gc_state.set_cond(mask, value);
2162 }
2163 
2164 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2165   uint mask;
2166   assert(!has_forwarded_objects(), "Young marking is not concurrent with evacuation");
2167   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
2168     assert(mode()->is_generational(), "Only generational GC has old marking");
2169     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_old_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2170     // If old-marking is in progress when we turn off YOUNG_MARKING, leave MARKING (and OLD_MARKING) on
2171     mask = YOUNG_MARKING;
2172   } else {
2173     mask = MARKING | YOUNG_MARKING;
2174   }
2175   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(mask, in_progress);
2176   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2177 }
2178 
2179 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2180 #ifdef ASSERT
2181   // has_forwarded_objects() iff UPDATE_REFS or EVACUATION
2182   bool has_forwarded = has_forwarded_objects();
2183   bool updating_or_evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(UPDATE_REFS | EVACUATION);
2184   bool evacuating = _gc_state.is_set(EVACUATION);
2185   assert ((has_forwarded == updating_or_evacuating) || (evacuating && !has_forwarded && collection_set()->is_empty()),
2186           "Updating or evacuating iff has forwarded objects, or if evacuation phase is promoting in place without forwarding");
2187 #endif
2188   if (!in_progress && is_concurrent_young_mark_in_progress()) {
2189     // If young-marking is in progress when we turn off OLD_MARKING, leave MARKING (and YOUNG_MARKING) on
2190     assert(_gc_state.is_set(MARKING), "concurrent_young_marking_in_progress implies MARKING");
2191     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2192   } else {
2193     set_gc_state_at_safepoint(MARKING | OLD_MARKING, in_progress);
2194   }
2195   manage_satb_barrier(in_progress);
2196 }
2197 
2198 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_prepare_for_old_mark_in_progress() const {
2199   return old_generation()->is_preparing_for_mark();
2200 }
2201 
2202 void ShenandoahHeap::manage_satb_barrier(bool active) {
2203   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
2204     // Ignore request to deactivate barrier while concurrent mark is in progress.
2205     // Do not attempt to re-activate the barrier if it is already active.
2206     if (active && !ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2207       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2208     }
2209   } else {
2210     // No concurrent marking is in progress so honor request to deactivate,
2211     // but only if the barrier is already active.
2212     if (!active && ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().is_active()) {
2213       ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().set_active_all_threads(active, !active);
2214     }
2215   }
2216 }
2217 
2218 void ShenandoahHeap::set_evacuation_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2219   assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Only call this at safepoint");
2220   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(EVACUATION, in_progress);
2221 }
2222 
2223 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2224   if (in_progress) {
2225     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.set();
2226   } else {
2227     _concurrent_strong_root_in_progress.unset();
2228   }
2229 }
2230 
2231 void ShenandoahHeap::set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(bool cond) {
2232   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(WEAK_ROOTS, cond);
2233 }
2234 
2235 GCTracer* ShenandoahHeap::tracer() {
2236   return shenandoah_policy()->tracer();
2237 }
2238 
2239 size_t ShenandoahHeap::tlab_used() const {
2240   return _free_set->used_not_holding_lock();
2241 }
2242 
2243 bool ShenandoahHeap::try_cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2244   const GCCause::Cause prev = _cancelled_gc.xchg(cause);
2245   return prev == GCCause::_no_gc || prev == GCCause::_shenandoah_concurrent_gc;
2246 }
2247 
2248 void ShenandoahHeap::cancel_concurrent_mark() {
2249   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2250     young_generation()->cancel_marking();
2251     old_generation()->cancel_marking();
2252   }
2253 
2254   global_generation()->cancel_marking();
2255 
2256   ShenandoahBarrierSet::satb_mark_queue_set().abandon_partial_marking();
2257 }
2258 
2259 bool ShenandoahHeap::cancel_gc(GCCause::Cause cause) {
2260   if (try_cancel_gc(cause)) {
2261     FormatBuffer<> msg("Cancelling GC: %s", GCCause::to_string(cause));
2262     log_info(gc,thread)("%s", msg.buffer());
2263     Events::log(Thread::current(), "%s", msg.buffer());
2264     _cancel_requested_time = os::elapsedTime();
2265     return true;
2266   }
2267   return false;
2268 }
2269 
2270 uint ShenandoahHeap::max_workers() {
2271   return _max_workers;
2272 }
2273 
2274 void ShenandoahHeap::stop() {
2275   // The shutdown sequence should be able to terminate when GC is running.
2276 
2277   // Step 0. Notify policy to disable event recording and prevent visiting gc threads during shutdown
2278   _shenandoah_policy->record_shutdown();
2279 
2280   // Step 1. Stop reporting on gc thread cpu utilization
2281   mmu_tracker()->stop();
2282 
2283   // Step 2. Stop decaying allocation rate.
2284   _alloc_rate_decay.disenroll();
2285 
2286   // Step 3. Wait until GC worker exits normally (this will cancel any ongoing GC).
2287   control_thread()->stop();
2288 
2289   // Step 4. Shutdown uncommit thread.
2290   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2291     _uncommit_thread->stop();
2292   }
2293 }
2294 
2295 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_unload_classes(bool full_gc) {
2296   if (!unload_classes()) return;
2297   ClassUnloadingContext ctx(_workers->active_workers(),
2298                             true /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
2299                             false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
2300 
2301   // Unload classes and purge SystemDictionary.
2302   {
2303     ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase phase = full_gc ?
2304                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_class_unload :
2305                                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_class_unload;
2306     ShenandoahIsAliveSelector is_alive;
2307     {
2308       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(is_alive.is_alive_closure());
2309       ShenandoahGCPhase gc_phase(phase);
2310       ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(phase);
2311       bool unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(gc_timer());
2312 
2313       ShenandoahClassUnloadingTask unlink_task(phase, unloading_occurred);
2314       _workers->run_task(&unlink_task);
2315     }
2316     // Release unloaded nmethods's memory.
2317     ClassUnloadingContext::context()->purge_and_free_nmethods();
2318   }
2319 
2320   {
2321     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2322                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_cldg :
2323                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_cldg);
2324     ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
2325   }
2326   // Resize and verify metaspace
2327   MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
2328 
2329   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2330     old_generation()->set_parsable(false);
2331   }
2332 
2333   DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
2334 }
2335 
2336 // Weak roots are either pre-evacuated (final mark) or updated (final update refs),
2337 // so they should not have forwarded oops.
2338 // However, we do need to "null" dead oops in the roots, if can not be done
2339 // in concurrent cycles.
2340 void ShenandoahHeap::stw_process_weak_roots(bool full_gc) {
2341   uint num_workers = _workers->active_workers();
2342   ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Phase timing_phase = full_gc ?
2343                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge_weak_par :
2344                                                ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge_weak_par;
2345   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(timing_phase);
2346   ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(timing_phase);
2347   // Cleanup weak roots
2348   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2349     ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2350     ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure keep_alive;
2351     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahForwardedIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>
2352       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &keep_alive, num_workers);
2353     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2354   } else {
2355     ShenandoahIsAliveClosure is_alive;
2356 #ifdef ASSERT
2357     ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure verify_cl;
2358     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, ShenandoahAssertNotForwardedClosure>
2359       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &verify_cl, num_workers);
2360 #else
2361     ShenandoahParallelWeakRootsCleaningTask<ShenandoahIsAliveClosure, DoNothingClosure>
2362       cleaning_task(timing_phase, &is_alive, &do_nothing_cl, num_workers);
2363 #endif
2364     _workers->run_task(&cleaning_task);
2365   }
2366 }
2367 
2368 void ShenandoahHeap::parallel_cleaning(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool full_gc) {
2369   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2370   assert(is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only for Degenerated and Full GC");
2371   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(full_gc ?
2372                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::full_gc_purge :
2373                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_purge);
2374   stw_weak_refs(generation, full_gc);
2375   stw_process_weak_roots(full_gc);
2376   stw_unload_classes(full_gc);
2377 }
2378 
2379 void ShenandoahHeap::set_has_forwarded_objects(bool cond) {
2380   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(HAS_FORWARDED, cond);
2381 }
2382 
2383 void ShenandoahHeap::set_unload_classes(bool uc) {
2384   _unload_classes.set_cond(uc);
2385 }
2386 
2387 bool ShenandoahHeap::unload_classes() const {
2388   return _unload_classes.is_set();
2389 }
2390 
2391 address ShenandoahHeap::in_cset_fast_test_addr() {
2392   ShenandoahHeap* heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
2393   assert(heap->collection_set() != nullptr, "Sanity");
2394   return (address) heap->collection_set()->biased_map_address();
2395 }
2396 
2397 void ShenandoahHeap::set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2398   _degenerated_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2399 }
2400 
2401 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2402   _full_gc_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2403 }
2404 
2405 void ShenandoahHeap::set_full_gc_move_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2406   assert (is_full_gc_in_progress(), "should be");
2407   _full_gc_move_in_progress.set_cond(in_progress);
2408 }
2409 
2410 void ShenandoahHeap::set_update_refs_in_progress(bool in_progress) {
2411   set_gc_state_at_safepoint(UPDATE_REFS, in_progress);
2412 }
2413 
2414 void ShenandoahHeap::register_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2415   ShenandoahCodeRoots::register_nmethod(nm);
2416 }
2417 
2418 void ShenandoahHeap::unregister_nmethod(nmethod* nm) {
2419   ShenandoahCodeRoots::unregister_nmethod(nm);
2420 }
2421 
2422 void ShenandoahHeap::pin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2423   heap_region_containing(o)->record_pin();
2424 }
2425 
2426 void ShenandoahHeap::unpin_object(JavaThread* thr, oop o) {
2427   ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap_region_containing(o);
2428   assert(r != nullptr, "Sanity");
2429   assert(r->pin_count() > 0, "Region %zu should have non-zero pins", r->index());
2430   r->record_unpin();
2431 }
2432 
2433 void ShenandoahHeap::sync_pinned_region_status() {
2434   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2435 
2436   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2437     ShenandoahHeapRegion *r = get_region(i);
2438     if (r->is_active()) {
2439       if (r->is_pinned()) {
2440         if (r->pin_count() == 0) {
2441           r->make_unpinned();
2442         }
2443       } else {
2444         if (r->pin_count() > 0) {
2445           r->make_pinned();
2446         }
2447       }
2448     }
2449   }
2450 
2451   assert_pinned_region_status();
2452 }
2453 
2454 #ifdef ASSERT
2455 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status() const {
2456   assert_pinned_region_status(global_generation());
2457 }
2458 
2459 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_pinned_region_status(ShenandoahGeneration* generation) const {
2460   for (size_t i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2461     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2462     if (generation->contains(r)) {
2463       assert((r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() > 0) || (!r->is_pinned() && r->pin_count() == 0),
2464              "Region %zu pinning status is inconsistent", i);
2465     }
2466   }
2467 }
2468 #endif
2469 
2470 ConcurrentGCTimer* ShenandoahHeap::gc_timer() const {
2471   return _gc_timer;
2472 }
2473 
2474 void ShenandoahHeap::prepare_concurrent_roots() {
2475   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2476   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2477   set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(!collection_set()->is_empty());
2478   set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(true);
2479   if (unload_classes()) {
2480     _unloader.prepare();
2481   }
2482 }
2483 
2484 void ShenandoahHeap::finish_concurrent_roots() {
2485   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2486   assert(!is_stw_gc_in_progress(), "Only concurrent GC");
2487   if (unload_classes()) {
2488     _unloader.finish();
2489   }
2490 }
2491 
2492 #ifdef ASSERT
2493 void ShenandoahHeap::assert_gc_workers(uint nworkers) {
2494   assert(nworkers > 0 && nworkers <= max_workers(), "Sanity");
2495 
2496   if (ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint()) {
2497     // Use ParallelGCThreads inside safepoints
2498     assert(nworkers == ParallelGCThreads, "Use ParallelGCThreads (%u) within safepoint, not %u",
2499            ParallelGCThreads, nworkers);
2500   } else {
2501     // Use ConcGCThreads outside safepoints
2502     assert(nworkers == ConcGCThreads, "Use ConcGCThreads (%u) outside safepoints, %u",
2503            ConcGCThreads, nworkers);
2504   }
2505 }
2506 #endif
2507 
2508 ShenandoahVerifier* ShenandoahHeap::verifier() {
2509   guarantee(ShenandoahVerify, "Should be enabled");
2510   assert (_verifier != nullptr, "sanity");
2511   return _verifier;
2512 }
2513 
2514 template<bool CONCURRENT>
2515 class ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask : public WorkerTask {
2516 private:
2517   ShenandoahHeap* _heap;
2518   ShenandoahRegionIterator* _regions;
2519 public:
2520   explicit ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask(ShenandoahRegionIterator* regions) :
2521     WorkerTask("Shenandoah Update References"),
2522     _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2523     _regions(regions) {
2524   }
2525 
2526   void work(uint worker_id) {
2527     if (CONCURRENT) {
2528       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2529       ShenandoahConcurrentWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2530       SuspendibleThreadSetJoiner stsj;
2531       do_work<ShenandoahConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2532     } else {
2533       ShenandoahWorkerTimingsTracker timer(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_update_refs, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::Work, worker_id, true);
2534       ShenandoahParallelWorkerSession worker_session(worker_id);
2535       do_work<ShenandoahNonConcUpdateRefsClosure>(worker_id);
2536     }
2537   }
2538 
2539 private:
2540   template<class T>
2541   void do_work(uint worker_id) {
2542     if (CONCURRENT && (worker_id == 0)) {
2543       // We ask the first worker to replenish the Mutator free set by moving regions previously reserved to hold the
2544       // results of evacuation.  These reserves are no longer necessary because evacuation has completed.
2545       size_t cset_regions = _heap->collection_set()->count();
2546 
2547       // Now that evacuation is done, we can reassign any regions that had been reserved to hold the results of evacuation
2548       // to the mutator free set.  At the end of GC, we will have cset_regions newly evacuated fully empty regions from
2549       // which we will be able to replenish the Collector free set and the OldCollector free set in preparation for the
2550       // next GC cycle.
2551       _heap->free_set()->move_regions_from_collector_to_mutator(cset_regions);
2552     }
2553     // If !CONCURRENT, there's no value in expanding Mutator free set
2554     T cl;
2555     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = _regions->next();
2556     while (r != nullptr) {
2557       HeapWord* update_watermark = r->get_update_watermark();
2558       assert (update_watermark >= r->bottom(), "sanity");
2559       if (r->is_active() && !r->is_cset()) {
2560         _heap->marked_object_oop_iterate(r, &cl, update_watermark);
2561       }
2562       if (_heap->check_cancelled_gc_and_yield(CONCURRENT)) {
2563         return;
2564       }
2565       r = _regions->next();
2566     }
2567   }
2568 };
2569 
2570 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_references(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool concurrent) {
2571   assert(generation->is_global(), "Should only get global generation here");
2572   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2573 
2574   if (concurrent) {
2575     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<true> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2576     workers()->run_task(&task);
2577   } else {
2578     ShenandoahUpdateHeapRefsTask<false> task(&_update_refs_iterator);
2579     workers()->run_task(&task);
2580   }
2581 }
2582 
2583 void ShenandoahHeap::update_heap_region_states(bool concurrent) {
2584   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Must be at a safepoint");
2585   assert(!is_full_gc_in_progress(), "Only for concurrent and degenerated GC");
2586 
2587   {
2588     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2589                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_update_region_states :
2590                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_update_region_states);
2591 
2592     final_update_refs_update_region_states();
2593 
2594     assert_pinned_region_status();
2595   }
2596 
2597   {
2598     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2599                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_trash_cset :
2600                             ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_trash_cset);
2601     trash_cset_regions();
2602   }
2603 }
2604 
2605 void ShenandoahHeap::final_update_refs_update_region_states() {
2606   ShenandoahSynchronizePinnedRegionStates cl;
2607   parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
2608 }
2609 
2610 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set_within_phase() {
2611   ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(lock());
2612   size_t young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count;
2613   _free_set->prepare_to_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count);
2614   // If there are no old regions, first_old_region will be greater than last_old_region
2615   assert((first_old_region > last_old_region) ||
2616          ((last_old_region + 1 - first_old_region >= old_region_count) &&
2617           get_region(first_old_region)->is_old() && get_region(last_old_region)->is_old()),
2618          "sanity: old_region_count: %zu, first_old_region: %zu, last_old_region: %zu",
2619          old_region_count, first_old_region, last_old_region);
2620 
2621   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2622 #ifdef ASSERT
2623     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
2624       verifier()->verify_before_rebuilding_free_set();
2625     }
2626 #endif
2627 
2628     // The computation of bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger is quite conservative so consider all of this
2629     // available for transfer to old. Note that transfer of humongous regions does not impact available.
2630     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2631     size_t allocation_runway =
2632       gen_heap->young_generation()->heuristics()->bytes_of_allocation_runway_before_gc_trigger(young_trashed_regions);
2633     gen_heap->compute_old_generation_balance(allocation_runway, old_trashed_regions, young_trashed_regions);
2634   }
2635   // Rebuild free set based on adjusted generation sizes.
2636   _free_set->finish_rebuild(young_trashed_regions, old_trashed_regions, old_region_count);
2637 
2638   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2639     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap* gen_heap = ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap();
2640     ShenandoahOldGeneration* old_gen = gen_heap->old_generation();
2641     old_gen->heuristics()->evaluate_triggers(first_old_region, last_old_region, old_region_count, num_regions());
2642   }
2643 }
2644 
2645 void ShenandoahHeap::rebuild_free_set(bool concurrent) {
2646   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(concurrent ?
2647                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset :
2648                           ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_update_refs_rebuild_freeset);
2649   rebuild_free_set_within_phase();
2650 }
2651 
2652 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_bitmap_slice_committed(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r, bool skip_self) {
2653   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2654 
2655   size_t regions_from = _bitmap_regions_per_slice * slice;
2656   size_t regions_to   = MIN2(num_regions(), _bitmap_regions_per_slice * (slice + 1));
2657   for (size_t g = regions_from; g < regions_to; g++) {
2658     assert (g / _bitmap_regions_per_slice == slice, "same slice");
2659     if (skip_self && g == r->index()) continue;
2660     if (get_region(g)->is_committed()) {
2661       return true;
2662     }
2663   }
2664   return false;
2665 }
2666 
2667 void ShenandoahHeap::commit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
2668   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2669   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2670 
2671   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2672     // Some other region from the group is already committed, meaning the bitmap
2673     // slice is already committed, we exit right away.
2674     return;
2675   }
2676 
2677   // Commit the bitmap slice:
2678   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2679   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2680   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2681   char* start = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2682 
2683   os::commit_memory_or_exit(start, len, false, "Unable to commit bitmap slice");
2684 
2685   if (AlwaysPreTouch) {
2686     os::pretouch_memory(start, start + len, _pretouch_bitmap_page_size);
2687   }
2688 }
2689 
2690 void ShenandoahHeap::uncommit_bitmap_slice(ShenandoahHeapRegion *r) {
2691   shenandoah_assert_heaplocked();
2692   assert(!is_bitmap_region_special(), "Not for special memory");
2693 
2694   if (is_bitmap_slice_committed(r, true)) {
2695     // Some other region from the group is still committed, meaning the bitmap
2696     // slice should stay committed, exit right away.
2697     return;
2698   }
2699 
2700   // Uncommit the bitmap slice:
2701   size_t slice = r->index() / _bitmap_regions_per_slice;
2702   size_t off = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice * slice;
2703   size_t len = _bitmap_bytes_per_slice;
2704 
2705   char* addr = (char*) _bitmap_region.start() + off;
2706   os::uncommit_memory(addr, len);
2707 }
2708 
2709 void ShenandoahHeap::forbid_uncommit() {
2710   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2711     _uncommit_thread->forbid_uncommit();
2712   }
2713 }
2714 
2715 void ShenandoahHeap::allow_uncommit() {
2716   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2717     _uncommit_thread->allow_uncommit();
2718   }
2719 }
2720 
2721 #ifdef ASSERT
2722 bool ShenandoahHeap::is_uncommit_in_progress() {
2723   if (_uncommit_thread != nullptr) {
2724     return _uncommit_thread->is_uncommit_in_progress();
2725   }
2726   return false;
2727 }
2728 #endif
2729 
2730 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_begin() {
2731   StackWatermarkSet::safepoint_synchronize_begin();
2732   SuspendibleThreadSet::synchronize();
2733 }
2734 
2735 void ShenandoahHeap::safepoint_synchronize_end() {
2736   SuspendibleThreadSet::desynchronize();
2737 }
2738 
2739 void ShenandoahHeap::try_inject_alloc_failure() {
2740   if (ShenandoahAllocFailureALot && !cancelled_gc() && ((os::random() % 1000) > 950)) {
2741     _inject_alloc_failure.set();
2742     os::naked_short_sleep(1);
2743     if (cancelled_gc()) {
2744       log_info(gc)("Allocation failure was successfully injected");
2745     }
2746   }
2747 }
2748 
2749 bool ShenandoahHeap::should_inject_alloc_failure() {
2750   return _inject_alloc_failure.is_set() && _inject_alloc_failure.try_unset();
2751 }
2752 
2753 void ShenandoahHeap::initialize_serviceability() {
2754   _memory_pool = new ShenandoahMemoryPool(this);
2755   _cycle_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2756   _stw_memory_manager.add_pool(_memory_pool);
2757 }
2758 
2759 GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_managers() {
2760   GrowableArray<GCMemoryManager*> memory_managers(2);
2761   memory_managers.append(&_cycle_memory_manager);
2762   memory_managers.append(&_stw_memory_manager);
2763   return memory_managers;
2764 }
2765 
2766 GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> ShenandoahHeap::memory_pools() {
2767   GrowableArray<MemoryPool*> memory_pools(1);
2768   memory_pools.append(_memory_pool);
2769   return memory_pools;
2770 }
2771 
2772 MemoryUsage ShenandoahHeap::memory_usage() {
2773   return shenandoah_memory_usage(_initial_size, used(), committed(), max_capacity());
2774 }
2775 
2776 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator() :
2777   _heap(ShenandoahHeap::heap()),
2778   _index(0) {}
2779 
2780 ShenandoahRegionIterator::ShenandoahRegionIterator(ShenandoahHeap* heap) :
2781   _heap(heap),
2782   _index(0) {}
2783 
2784 void ShenandoahRegionIterator::reset() {
2785   _index.store_relaxed(0);
2786 }
2787 
2788 bool ShenandoahRegionIterator::has_next() const {
2789   return _index.load_relaxed() < _heap->num_regions();
2790 }
2791 
2792 ShenandoahLiveData* ShenandoahHeap::get_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2793 #ifdef ASSERT
2794   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2795   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2796   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2797     assert(_liveness_cache[worker_id][i] == 0, "liveness cache should be empty");
2798   }
2799 #endif
2800   return _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2801 }
2802 
2803 void ShenandoahHeap::flush_liveness_cache(uint worker_id) {
2804   assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
2805   assert(_liveness_cache != nullptr, "sanity");
2806   ShenandoahLiveData* ld = _liveness_cache[worker_id];
2807   for (uint i = 0; i < num_regions(); i++) {
2808     ShenandoahLiveData live = ld[i];
2809     if (live > 0) {
2810       ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(i);
2811       r->increase_live_data_gc_words(live);
2812       ld[i] = 0;
2813     }
2814   }
2815 }
2816 
2817 bool ShenandoahHeap::requires_barriers(stackChunkOop obj) const {
2818   if (is_idle()) return false;
2819 
2820   // Objects allocated after marking start are implicitly alive, don't need any barriers during
2821   // marking phase.
2822   if (is_concurrent_mark_in_progress() &&
2823      !marking_context()->allocated_after_mark_start(obj)) {
2824     return true;
2825   }
2826 
2827   // Can not guarantee obj is deeply good.
2828   if (has_forwarded_objects()) {
2829     return true;
2830   }
2831 
2832   return false;
2833 }
2834 
2835 HeapWord* ShenandoahHeap::allocate_loaded_archive_space(size_t size) {
2836 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2837   // CDS wants a raw continuous memory range to load a bunch of objects itself.
2838   // This is an unusual request, since all requested regions should be regular, not humongous.
2839   //
2840   // CDS would guarantee no objects straddle multiple regions, as long as regions are as large
2841   // as MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT.
2842   guarantee(ShenandoahHeapRegion::region_size_bytes() >= AOTMappedHeapWriter::MIN_GC_REGION_ALIGNMENT, "Must be");
2843 
2844   ShenandoahAllocRequest req = ShenandoahAllocRequest::for_cds(size);
2845   return allocate_memory(req);
2846 #else
2847   assert(false, "Archive heap loader should not be available, should not be here");
2848   return nullptr;
2849 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
2850 }
2851 
2852 void ShenandoahHeap::complete_loaded_archive_space(MemRegion archive_space) {
2853   // Nothing to do here, except checking that heap looks fine.
2854 #ifdef ASSERT
2855   HeapWord* start = archive_space.start();
2856   HeapWord* end = archive_space.end();
2857 
2858   // No unclaimed space between the objects.
2859   // Objects are properly allocated in correct regions.
2860   HeapWord* cur = start;
2861   while (cur < end) {
2862     oop oop = cast_to_oop(cur);
2863     shenandoah_assert_in_correct_region(nullptr, oop);
2864     cur += oop->size();
2865   }
2866 
2867   // No unclaimed tail at the end of archive space.
2868   assert(cur == end,
2869          "Archive space should be fully used: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2870          p2i(cur), p2i(end));
2871 
2872   // All regions in contiguous space have good state.
2873   size_t begin_reg_idx = heap_region_index_containing(start);
2874   size_t end_reg_idx   = heap_region_index_containing(end);
2875 
2876   for (size_t idx = begin_reg_idx; idx <= end_reg_idx; idx++) {
2877     ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = get_region(idx);
2878     assert(r->is_regular(), "Must be regular");
2879     assert(r->is_young(), "Must be young");
2880     assert(idx == end_reg_idx || r->top() == r->end(),
2881            "All regions except the last one should be full: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2882            p2i(r->top()), p2i(r->end()));
2883     assert(idx != begin_reg_idx || r->bottom() == start,
2884            "Archive space start should be at the bottom of first region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2885            p2i(r->bottom()), p2i(start));
2886     assert(idx != end_reg_idx || r->top() == end,
2887            "Archive space end should be at the top of last region: " PTR_FORMAT " " PTR_FORMAT,
2888            p2i(r->top()), p2i(end));
2889   }
2890 
2891 #endif
2892 }
2893 
2894 ShenandoahGeneration* ShenandoahHeap::generation_for(ShenandoahAffiliation affiliation) const {
2895   if (!mode()->is_generational()) {
2896     return global_generation();
2897   } else if (affiliation == YOUNG_GENERATION) {
2898     return young_generation();
2899   } else if (affiliation == OLD_GENERATION) {
2900     return old_generation();
2901   }
2902 
2903   ShouldNotReachHere();
2904   return nullptr;
2905 }
2906 
2907 void ShenandoahHeap::log_heap_status(const char* msg) const {
2908   if (mode()->is_generational()) {
2909     young_generation()->log_status(msg);
2910     old_generation()->log_status(msg);
2911   } else {
2912     global_generation()->log_status(msg);
2913   }
2914 }
2915 
2916 ShenandoahHeapLocker::ShenandoahHeapLocker(ShenandoahHeapLock* lock, bool allow_block_for_safepoint) : _lock(lock) {
2917 #ifdef ASSERT
2918   ShenandoahFreeSet* free_set = ShenandoahHeap::heap()->free_set();
2919   // free_set is nullptr only at pre-initialized state
2920   assert(free_set == nullptr || !free_set->rebuild_lock()->owned_by_self(), "Dead lock, can't acquire heap lock while holding free-set rebuild lock");
2921   assert(_lock != nullptr, "Must not");
2922 #endif
2923   _lock->lock(allow_block_for_safepoint);
2924 }