1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  27 #include "code/codeCache.inline.hpp"
  28 #include "code/nmethod.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "code/vmreg.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "compiler/oopMap.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "cppstdlib/type_traits.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/barrierSet.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/continuationGCSupport.inline.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/memAllocator.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/threadLocalAllocBuffer.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "interpreter/bytecodeStream.hpp"
  38 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  39 #include "interpreter/interpreterRuntime.hpp"
  40 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  41 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  42 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "oops/method.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/oopsHierarchy.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/stackChunkOop.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "prims/jvmtiThreadState.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/continuation.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/continuationEntry.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/continuationHelper.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/continuationJavaClasses.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "runtime/continuationWrapper.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/keepStackGCProcessed.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/mountUnmountDisabler.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/objectMonitor.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/prefetch.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/smallRegisterMap.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/stackChunkFrameStream.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/stackFrameStream.inline.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/stackOverflow.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/vframe_hp.hpp"
  73 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/exceptions.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/vmError.hpp"
  77 #if INCLUDE_ZGC
  78 #include "gc/z/zStackChunkGCData.inline.hpp"
  79 #endif
  80 #if INCLUDE_JFR
  81 #include "jfr/jfr.inline.hpp"
  82 #endif
  83 #ifdef COMPILER1
  84 #include "c1/c1_Runtime1.hpp"
  85 #endif
  86 #ifdef COMPILER2
  87 #include "opto/runtime.hpp"
  88 #endif
  89 
  90 /*
  91  * This file contains the implementation of continuation freezing (yield) and thawing (run).
  92  *
  93  * This code is very latency-critical and very hot. An ordinary and well-behaved server application
  94  * would likely call these operations many thousands of times per second second, on every core.
  95  *
  96  * Freeze might be called every time the application performs any I/O operation, every time it
  97  * acquires a j.u.c. lock, every time it takes a message from a queue, and thaw can be called
  98  * multiple times in each of those cases, as it is called by the return barrier, which may be
  99  * invoked on method return.
 100  *
 101  * The amortized budget for each of those two operations is ~100-150ns. That is why, for
 102  * example, every effort is made to avoid Java-VM transitions as much as possible.
 103  *
 104  * On the fast path, all frames are known to be compiled, and the chunk requires no barriers
 105  * and so frames simply copied, and the bottom-most one is patched.
 106  * On the slow path, internal pointers in interpreted frames are de/relativized to/from offsets
 107  * and absolute pointers, and barriers invoked.
 108  */
 109 
 110 /************************************************
 111 
 112 Thread-stack layout on freeze/thaw.
 113 See corresponding stack-chunk layout in instanceStackChunkKlass.hpp
 114 
 115             +----------------------------+
 116             |      .                     |
 117             |      .                     |
 118             |      .                     |
 119             |   carrier frames           |
 120             |                            |
 121             |----------------------------|
 122             |                            |
 123             |    Continuation.run        |
 124             |                            |
 125             |============================|
 126             |    enterSpecial frame      |
 127             |  pc                        |
 128             |  rbp                       |
 129             |  -----                     |
 130         ^   |  int argsize               | = ContinuationEntry
 131         |   |  oopDesc* cont             |
 132         |   |  oopDesc* chunk            |
 133         |   |  ContinuationEntry* parent |
 134         |   |  ...                       |
 135         |   |============================| <------ JavaThread::_cont_entry = entry->sp()
 136         |   |  ? alignment word ?        |
 137         |   |----------------------------| <--\
 138         |   |                            |    |
 139         |   |  ? caller stack args ?     |    |   argsize (might not be 2-word aligned) words
 140 Address |   |                            |    |   Caller is still in the chunk.
 141         |   |----------------------------|    |
 142         |   |  pc (? return barrier ?)   |    |  This pc contains the return barrier when the bottom-most frame
 143         |   |  rbp                       |    |  isn't the last one in the continuation.
 144         |   |                            |    |
 145         |   |    frame                   |    |
 146         |   |                            |    |
 147             +----------------------------|     \__ Continuation frames to be frozen/thawed
 148             |                            |     /
 149             |    frame                   |    |
 150             |                            |    |
 151             |----------------------------|    |
 152             |                            |    |
 153             |    frame                   |    |
 154             |                            |    |
 155             |----------------------------| <--/
 156             |                            |
 157             |    doYield/safepoint stub  | When preempting forcefully, we could have a safepoint stub
 158             |                            | instead of a doYield stub
 159             |============================| <- the sp passed to freeze
 160             |                            |
 161             |  Native freeze/thaw frames |
 162             |      .                     |
 163             |      .                     |
 164             |      .                     |
 165             +----------------------------+
 166 
 167 ************************************************/
 168 
 169 #define CONT_JFR false // emit low-level JFR events that count slow/fast path for continuation performance debugging only
 170 #if CONT_JFR
 171   #define CONT_JFR_ONLY(code) code
 172 #else
 173   #define CONT_JFR_ONLY(code)
 174 #endif
 175 
 176 // TODO: See AbstractAssembler::generate_stack_overflow_check,
 177 // Compile::bang_size_in_bytes(), m->as_SafePoint()->jvms()->interpreter_frame_size()
 178 // when we stack-bang, we need to update a thread field with the lowest (farthest) bang point.
 179 
 180 // Data invariants are defined by Continuation::debug_verify_continuation and Continuation::debug_verify_stack_chunk
 181 
 182 // Used to just annotatate cold/hot branches
 183 #define LIKELY(condition)   (condition)
 184 #define UNLIKELY(condition) (condition)
 185 
 186 // debugging functions
 187 #ifdef ASSERT
 188 extern "C" bool dbg_is_safe(const void* p, intptr_t errvalue); // address p is readable and *(intptr_t*)p != errvalue
 189 
 190 static void verify_continuation(oop continuation) { Continuation::debug_verify_continuation(continuation); }
 191 
 192 static void do_deopt_after_thaw(JavaThread* thread);
 193 static bool do_verify_after_thaw(JavaThread* thread, stackChunkOop chunk, outputStream* st);
 194 static bool verify_deopt_state(const frame& f);
 195 static void log_frames(JavaThread* thread);
 196 static void log_frames_after_thaw(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont, intptr_t* sp);
 197 static void print_frame_layout(const frame& f, bool callee_complete, outputStream* st = tty);
 198 static void verify_frame_kind(frame& top, Continuation::preempt_kind preempt_kind, Method** m_ptr = nullptr, const char** code_name_ptr = nullptr, int* bci_ptr = nullptr, stackChunkOop chunk = nullptr);
 199 
 200 #define assert_pfl(p, ...) \
 201 do {                                           \
 202   if (!(p)) {                                  \
 203     JavaThread* t = JavaThread::active();      \
 204     if (t->has_last_Java_frame()) {            \
 205       tty->print_cr("assert(" #p ") failed:"); \
 206       t->print_frame_layout();                 \
 207     }                                          \
 208   }                                            \
 209   vmassert(p, __VA_ARGS__);                    \
 210 } while(0)
 211 
 212 #else
 213 static void verify_continuation(oop continuation) { }
 214 #define assert_pfl(p, ...)
 215 #endif
 216 
 217 static freeze_result is_pinned0(JavaThread* thread, oop cont_scope, bool safepoint);
 218 template<typename ConfigT, bool preempt> static inline freeze_result freeze_internal(JavaThread* current, intptr_t* const sp);
 219 
 220 static inline int prepare_thaw_internal(JavaThread* thread, bool return_barrier);
 221 template<typename ConfigT> static inline intptr_t* thaw_internal(JavaThread* thread, const Continuation::thaw_kind kind);
 222 
 223 // Entry point to freeze. Transitions are handled manually
 224 // Called from gen_continuation_yield() in sharedRuntime_<cpu>.cpp through Continuation::freeze_entry();
 225 template<typename ConfigT>
 226 static JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(int, freeze(JavaThread* current, intptr_t* sp))
 227   assert(sp == current->frame_anchor()->last_Java_sp(), "");
 228 
 229   if (current->raw_cont_fastpath() > current->last_continuation()->entry_sp() || current->raw_cont_fastpath() < sp) {
 230     current->set_cont_fastpath(nullptr);
 231   }
 232 
 233   return checked_cast<int>(ConfigT::freeze(current, sp));
 234 JRT_END
 235 
 236 JRT_LEAF(int, Continuation::prepare_thaw(JavaThread* thread, bool return_barrier))
 237   return prepare_thaw_internal(thread, return_barrier);
 238 JRT_END
 239 
 240 template<typename ConfigT>
 241 static JRT_LEAF(intptr_t*, thaw(JavaThread* thread, int kind))
 242   // TODO: JRT_LEAF and NoHandleMark is problematic for JFR events.
 243   // vFrameStreamCommon allocates Handles in RegisterMap for continuations.
 244   // Also the preemption case with JVMTI events enabled might safepoint so
 245   // undo the NoSafepointVerifier here and rely on handling by ContinuationWrapper.
 246   // JRT_ENTRY instead?
 247   ResetNoHandleMark rnhm;
 248   DEBUG_ONLY(PauseNoSafepointVerifier pnsv(&__nsv);)
 249 
 250   // we might modify the code cache via BarrierSetNMethod::nmethod_entry_barrier
 251   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable __wx(WXWrite, thread));
 252   return ConfigT::thaw(thread, (Continuation::thaw_kind)kind);
 253 JRT_END
 254 
 255 JVM_ENTRY(jint, CONT_isPinned0(JNIEnv* env, jobject cont_scope)) {
 256   JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::thread_from_jni_environment(env);
 257   return is_pinned0(thread, JNIHandles::resolve(cont_scope), false);
 258 }
 259 JVM_END
 260 
 261 ///////////
 262 
 263 enum class oop_kind { NARROW, WIDE };
 264 template <oop_kind oops, typename BarrierSetT>
 265 class Config {
 266 public:
 267   typedef Config<oops, BarrierSetT> SelfT;
 268   using OopT = std::conditional_t<oops == oop_kind::NARROW, narrowOop, oop>;
 269 
 270   static freeze_result freeze(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t* const sp) {
 271     freeze_result res = freeze_internal<SelfT, false>(thread, sp);
 272     JFR_ONLY(assert((res == freeze_ok) || (res == thread->last_freeze_fail_result()), "freeze failure not set"));
 273     return res;
 274   }
 275 
 276   static freeze_result freeze_preempt(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t* const sp) {
 277     return freeze_internal<SelfT, true>(thread, sp);
 278   }
 279 
 280   static intptr_t* thaw(JavaThread* thread, Continuation::thaw_kind kind) {
 281     return thaw_internal<SelfT>(thread, kind);
 282   }
 283 };
 284 
 285 #ifdef _WINDOWS
 286 static void map_stack_pages(JavaThread* thread, size_t size, address sp) {
 287   address new_sp = sp - size;
 288   address watermark = thread->stack_overflow_state()->shadow_zone_growth_watermark();
 289 
 290   if (new_sp < watermark) {
 291     size_t page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 292     address last_touched_page = watermark - StackOverflow::stack_shadow_zone_size();
 293     size_t pages_to_touch = align_up(watermark - new_sp, page_size) / page_size;
 294     while (pages_to_touch-- > 0) {
 295       last_touched_page -= page_size;
 296       *last_touched_page = 0;
 297     }
 298     thread->stack_overflow_state()->set_shadow_zone_growth_watermark(new_sp);
 299   }
 300 }
 301 #endif
 302 
 303 static bool stack_overflow_check(JavaThread* thread, size_t size, address sp) {
 304   const size_t page_size = os::vm_page_size();
 305   if (size > page_size) {
 306     if (sp - size < thread->stack_overflow_state()->shadow_zone_safe_limit()) {
 307       return false;
 308     }
 309     WINDOWS_ONLY(map_stack_pages(thread, size, sp));
 310   }
 311   return true;
 312 }
 313 
 314 #ifdef ASSERT
 315 static oop get_continuation(JavaThread* thread) {
 316   assert(thread != nullptr, "");
 317   assert(thread->threadObj() != nullptr, "");
 318   return java_lang_Thread::continuation(thread->threadObj());
 319 }
 320 #endif // ASSERT
 321 
 322 inline void clear_anchor(JavaThread* thread) {
 323   thread->frame_anchor()->clear();
 324 }
 325 
 326 static void set_anchor(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t* sp, address pc) {
 327   assert(pc != nullptr, "");
 328 
 329   JavaFrameAnchor* anchor = thread->frame_anchor();
 330   anchor->set_last_Java_sp(sp);
 331   anchor->set_last_Java_pc(pc);
 332   ContinuationHelper::set_anchor_pd(anchor, sp);
 333 
 334   assert(thread->has_last_Java_frame(), "");
 335   assert(thread->last_frame().cb() != nullptr, "");
 336 }
 337 
 338 static void set_anchor(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t* sp) {
 339   address pc = ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(
 340            sp - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset());
 341   set_anchor(thread, sp, pc);
 342 }
 343 
 344 static void set_anchor_to_entry(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationEntry* entry) {
 345   JavaFrameAnchor* anchor = thread->frame_anchor();
 346   anchor->set_last_Java_sp(entry->entry_sp());
 347   anchor->set_last_Java_pc(entry->entry_pc());
 348   ContinuationHelper::set_anchor_to_entry_pd(anchor, entry);
 349 
 350   assert(thread->has_last_Java_frame(), "");
 351   assert(thread->last_frame().cb() != nullptr, "");
 352 }
 353 
 354 #if CONT_JFR
 355 class FreezeThawJfrInfo : public StackObj {
 356   short _e_size;
 357   short _e_num_interpreted_frames;
 358  public:
 359 
 360   FreezeThawJfrInfo() : _e_size(0), _e_num_interpreted_frames(0) {}
 361   inline void record_interpreted_frame() { _e_num_interpreted_frames++; }
 362   inline void record_size_copied(int size) { _e_size += size << LogBytesPerWord; }
 363   template<typename Event> void post_jfr_event(Event *e, oop continuation, JavaThread* jt);
 364 };
 365 
 366 template<typename Event> void FreezeThawJfrInfo::post_jfr_event(Event* e, oop continuation, JavaThread* jt) {
 367   if (e->should_commit()) {
 368     log_develop_trace(continuations)("JFR event: iframes: %d size: %d", _e_num_interpreted_frames, _e_size);
 369     e->set_carrierThread(JFR_JVM_THREAD_ID(jt));
 370     e->set_continuationClass(continuation->klass());
 371     e->set_interpretedFrames(_e_num_interpreted_frames);
 372     e->set_size(_e_size);
 373     e->commit();
 374   }
 375 }
 376 #endif // CONT_JFR
 377 
 378 /////////////// FREEZE ////
 379 
 380 class FreezeBase : public StackObj {
 381 protected:
 382   JavaThread* const _thread;
 383   ContinuationWrapper& _cont;
 384   bool _barriers; // only set when we allocate a chunk
 385 
 386   intptr_t* _bottom_address;
 387 
 388   // Used for preemption only
 389   const bool _preempt;
 390   frame _last_frame;
 391 
 392   // Used to support freezing with held monitors
 393   int _monitors_in_lockstack;
 394 
 395   int _freeze_size; // total size of all frames plus metadata in words.
 396   int _total_align_size;
 397 
 398   intptr_t* _cont_stack_top;
 399   intptr_t* _cont_stack_bottom;
 400 
 401   CONT_JFR_ONLY(FreezeThawJfrInfo _jfr_info;)
 402 
 403 #ifdef ASSERT
 404   intptr_t* _orig_chunk_sp;
 405   int _fast_freeze_size;
 406   bool _empty;
 407 #endif
 408 
 409   JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector* _jvmti_event_collector;
 410 
 411   NOT_PRODUCT(int _frames;)
 412   DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t* _last_write;)
 413 
 414   inline FreezeBase(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont, intptr_t* sp, bool preempt);
 415 
 416 public:
 417   NOINLINE freeze_result freeze_slow();
 418   void freeze_fast_existing_chunk();
 419 
 420   CONT_JFR_ONLY(FreezeThawJfrInfo& jfr_info() { return _jfr_info; })
 421   void set_jvmti_event_collector(JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector* jsoaec) { _jvmti_event_collector = jsoaec; }
 422 
 423   inline int size_if_fast_freeze_available();
 424 
 425   inline frame& last_frame() { return _last_frame; }
 426 
 427 #ifdef ASSERT
 428   bool check_valid_fast_path();
 429 #endif
 430 
 431 protected:
 432   inline void init_rest();
 433   void throw_stack_overflow_on_humongous_chunk();
 434 
 435   // fast path
 436   inline void copy_to_chunk(intptr_t* from, intptr_t* to, int size);
 437   inline void unwind_frames();
 438   inline void patch_stack_pd(intptr_t* frame_sp, intptr_t* heap_sp);
 439 
 440   // slow path
 441   virtual stackChunkOop allocate_chunk_slow(size_t stack_size, int argsize_md) = 0;
 442 
 443   int cont_size() { return pointer_delta_as_int(_cont_stack_bottom, _cont_stack_top); }
 444 
 445 private:
 446   // slow path
 447   frame freeze_start_frame();
 448   frame freeze_start_frame_on_preempt();
 449   NOINLINE freeze_result recurse_freeze(frame& f, frame& caller, int callee_argsize, bool callee_interpreted, bool top);
 450   inline frame freeze_start_frame_yield_stub();
 451   template<typename FKind>
 452   inline freeze_result recurse_freeze_java_frame(const frame& f, frame& caller, int fsize, int argsize);
 453   inline void before_freeze_java_frame(const frame& f, const frame& caller, int fsize, int argsize, bool is_bottom_frame);
 454   inline void after_freeze_java_frame(const frame& hf, bool is_bottom_frame);
 455   freeze_result finalize_freeze(const frame& callee, frame& caller, int argsize);
 456   void patch(const frame& f, frame& hf, const frame& caller, bool is_bottom_frame);
 457   NOINLINE freeze_result recurse_freeze_interpreted_frame(frame& f, frame& caller, int callee_argsize, bool callee_interpreted);
 458   freeze_result recurse_freeze_compiled_frame(frame& f, frame& caller, int callee_argsize, bool callee_interpreted);
 459   NOINLINE freeze_result recurse_freeze_stub_frame(frame& f, frame& caller);
 460   NOINLINE freeze_result recurse_freeze_native_frame(frame& f, frame& caller);
 461   NOINLINE void finish_freeze(const frame& f, const frame& top);
 462 
 463   void freeze_lockstack(stackChunkOop chunk);
 464 
 465   inline bool stack_overflow();
 466 
 467   static frame sender(const frame& f) { return f.is_interpreted_frame() ? sender<ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame>(f)
 468                                                                         : sender<ContinuationHelper::NonInterpretedUnknownFrame>(f); }
 469   template<typename FKind> static inline frame sender(const frame& f);
 470   template<typename FKind> frame new_heap_frame(frame& f, frame& caller, int size_adjust = 0);
 471   inline void set_top_frame_metadata_pd(const frame& hf);
 472   inline void patch_pd(frame& callee, const frame& caller, bool is_bottom_frame);
 473   inline void patch_pd_unused(intptr_t* sp);
 474   void adjust_interpreted_frame_unextended_sp(frame& f);
 475   inline void prepare_freeze_interpreted_top_frame(frame& f);
 476   static inline void relativize_interpreted_frame_metadata(const frame& f, const frame& hf);
 477 
 478 protected:
 479   void freeze_fast_copy(stackChunkOop chunk, int chunk_start_sp CONT_JFR_ONLY(COMMA bool chunk_is_allocated));
 480   bool freeze_fast_new_chunk(stackChunkOop chunk);
 481 };
 482 
 483 template <typename ConfigT>
 484 class Freeze : public FreezeBase {
 485 private:
 486   stackChunkOop allocate_chunk(size_t stack_size, int argsize_md);
 487 
 488 public:
 489   inline Freeze(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont, intptr_t* frame_sp, bool preempt)
 490     : FreezeBase(thread, cont, frame_sp, preempt) {}
 491 
 492   freeze_result try_freeze_fast();
 493 
 494 protected:
 495   virtual stackChunkOop allocate_chunk_slow(size_t stack_size, int argsize_md) override { return allocate_chunk(stack_size, argsize_md); }
 496 };
 497 
 498 FreezeBase::FreezeBase(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont, intptr_t* frame_sp, bool preempt) :
 499     _thread(thread), _cont(cont), _barriers(false), _preempt(preempt), _last_frame(false /* no initialization */) {
 500   DEBUG_ONLY(_jvmti_event_collector = nullptr;)
 501 
 502   assert(_thread != nullptr, "");
 503   assert(_thread->last_continuation()->entry_sp() == _cont.entrySP(), "");
 504 
 505   DEBUG_ONLY(_cont.entry()->verify_cookie();)
 506 
 507   assert(!Interpreter::contains(_cont.entryPC()), "");
 508 
 509   _bottom_address = align_down(_cont.entrySP() - _cont.entry_frame_extension(), frame::frame_alignment);
 510 
 511   log_develop_trace(continuations)("bottom_address: " INTPTR_FORMAT " entrySP: " INTPTR_FORMAT " argsize: " PTR_FORMAT,
 512                 p2i(_bottom_address), p2i(_cont.entrySP()), (_cont.entrySP() - _bottom_address) << LogBytesPerWord);
 513   assert(_bottom_address != nullptr, "");
 514   assert(_bottom_address <= _cont.entrySP(), "");
 515   DEBUG_ONLY(_last_write = nullptr;)
 516 
 517   assert(_cont.chunk_invariant(), "");
 518   assert(!Interpreter::contains(_cont.entryPC()), "");
 519 #if defined(PPC64) && !defined(ZERO)
 520   static const int doYield_stub_frame_size = frame::native_abi_reg_args_size >> LogBytesPerWord;
 521 #elif defined(S390) && !defined(ZERO)
 522   static const int doYield_stub_frame_size = frame::z_abi_160_base_size >> LogBytesPerWord;
 523 #else
 524   static const int doYield_stub_frame_size = frame::metadata_words;
 525 #endif
 526   // With preemption doYield() might not have been resolved yet
 527   assert(_preempt || SharedRuntime::cont_doYield_stub()->frame_size() == doYield_stub_frame_size,
 528       "_preempt = %d, cont_doYield_stub()->frame_size() = %d, doYield_stub_frame_size = %d",
 529       (_preempt ? 1 : 0), SharedRuntime::cont_doYield_stub()->frame_size(), doYield_stub_frame_size);
 530 
 531   if (preempt) {
 532     _last_frame = _thread->last_frame();
 533   }
 534 
 535   // properties of the continuation on the stack; all sizes are in words
 536   _cont_stack_top    = frame_sp + (!preempt ? doYield_stub_frame_size : 0); // we don't freeze the doYield stub frame
 537   _cont_stack_bottom = _cont.entrySP() + (_cont.argsize() == 0 ? frame::metadata_words_at_top : 0)
 538       - ContinuationHelper::frame_align_words(_cont.argsize()); // see alignment in thaw
 539 
 540   log_develop_trace(continuations)("freeze size: %d argsize: %d top: " INTPTR_FORMAT " bottom: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 541     cont_size(), _cont.argsize(), p2i(_cont_stack_top), p2i(_cont_stack_bottom));
 542   assert(cont_size() > 0, "");
 543 
 544   _monitors_in_lockstack = _thread->lock_stack().monitor_count();
 545 }
 546 
 547 void FreezeBase::init_rest() { // we want to postpone some initialization after chunk handling
 548   _freeze_size = 0;
 549   _total_align_size = 0;
 550   NOT_PRODUCT(_frames = 0;)
 551 }
 552 
 553 void FreezeBase::freeze_lockstack(stackChunkOop chunk) {
 554   assert(chunk->sp_address() - chunk->start_address() >= _monitors_in_lockstack, "no room for lockstack");
 555 
 556   _thread->lock_stack().move_to_address((oop*)chunk->start_address());
 557   chunk->set_lockstack_size(checked_cast<uint8_t>(_monitors_in_lockstack));
 558   chunk->set_has_lockstack(true);
 559 }
 560 
 561 void FreezeBase::copy_to_chunk(intptr_t* from, intptr_t* to, int size) {
 562   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
 563   chunk->copy_from_stack_to_chunk(from, to, size);
 564   CONT_JFR_ONLY(_jfr_info.record_size_copied(size);)
 565 
 566 #ifdef ASSERT
 567   if (_last_write != nullptr) {
 568     assert(_last_write == to + size, "Missed a spot: _last_write: " INTPTR_FORMAT " to+size: " INTPTR_FORMAT
 569         " stack_size: %d _last_write offset: " PTR_FORMAT " to+size: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(_last_write), p2i(to+size),
 570         chunk->stack_size(), _last_write-chunk->start_address(), to+size-chunk->start_address());
 571     _last_write = to;
 572   }
 573 #endif
 574 }
 575 
 576 static void assert_frames_in_continuation_are_safe(JavaThread* thread) {
 577 #ifdef ASSERT
 578   StackWatermark* watermark = StackWatermarkSet::get(thread, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
 579   if (watermark == nullptr) {
 580     return;
 581   }
 582   ContinuationEntry* ce = thread->last_continuation();
 583   RegisterMap map(thread,
 584                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
 585                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
 586                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
 587   map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
 588   for (frame f = thread->last_frame(); Continuation::is_frame_in_continuation(ce, f); f = f.sender(&map)) {
 589     watermark->assert_is_frame_safe(f);
 590   }
 591 #endif // ASSERT
 592 }
 593 
 594 // Called _after_ the last possible safepoint during the freeze operation (chunk allocation)
 595 void FreezeBase::unwind_frames() {
 596   ContinuationEntry* entry = _cont.entry();
 597   entry->flush_stack_processing(_thread);
 598   assert_frames_in_continuation_are_safe(_thread);
 599   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::check_and_process_sample_request(_thread);)
 600   set_anchor_to_entry(_thread, entry);
 601 }
 602 
 603 template <typename ConfigT>
 604 freeze_result Freeze<ConfigT>::try_freeze_fast() {
 605   assert(_thread->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm, "");
 606   assert(_thread->cont_fastpath(), "");
 607 
 608   DEBUG_ONLY(_fast_freeze_size = size_if_fast_freeze_available();)
 609   assert(_fast_freeze_size == 0, "");
 610 
 611   stackChunkOop chunk = allocate_chunk(cont_size() + frame::metadata_words + _monitors_in_lockstack, _cont.argsize() + frame::metadata_words_at_top);
 612   if (freeze_fast_new_chunk(chunk)) {
 613     return freeze_ok;
 614   }
 615   if (_thread->has_pending_exception()) {
 616     return freeze_exception;
 617   }
 618 
 619   // TODO R REMOVE when deopt change is fixed
 620   assert(!_thread->cont_fastpath() || _barriers, "");
 621   log_develop_trace(continuations)("-- RETRYING SLOW --");
 622   return freeze_slow();
 623 }
 624 
 625 // Returns size needed if the continuation fits, otherwise 0.
 626 int FreezeBase::size_if_fast_freeze_available() {
 627   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
 628   if (chunk == nullptr || chunk->is_gc_mode() || chunk->requires_barriers() || chunk->has_mixed_frames()) {
 629     log_develop_trace(continuations)("chunk available %s", chunk == nullptr ? "no chunk" : "chunk requires barriers");
 630     return 0;
 631   }
 632 
 633   int total_size_needed = cont_size();
 634   const int chunk_sp = chunk->sp();
 635 
 636   // argsize can be nonzero if we have a caller, but the caller could be in a non-empty parent chunk,
 637   // so we subtract it only if we overlap with the caller, i.e. the current chunk isn't empty.
 638   // Consider leaving the chunk's argsize set when emptying it and removing the following branch,
 639   // although that would require changing stackChunkOopDesc::is_empty
 640   if (!chunk->is_empty()) {
 641     total_size_needed -= _cont.argsize() + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
 642   }
 643 
 644   total_size_needed += _monitors_in_lockstack;
 645 
 646   int chunk_free_room = chunk_sp - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
 647   bool available = chunk_free_room >= total_size_needed;
 648   log_develop_trace(continuations)("chunk available: %s size: %d argsize: %d top: " INTPTR_FORMAT " bottom: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 649     available ? "yes" : "no" , total_size_needed, _cont.argsize(), p2i(_cont_stack_top), p2i(_cont_stack_bottom));
 650   return available ? total_size_needed : 0;
 651 }
 652 
 653 void FreezeBase::freeze_fast_existing_chunk() {
 654   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
 655 
 656   DEBUG_ONLY(_fast_freeze_size = size_if_fast_freeze_available();)
 657   assert(_fast_freeze_size > 0, "");
 658 
 659   if (!chunk->is_empty()) { // we are copying into a non-empty chunk
 660     DEBUG_ONLY(_empty = false;)
 661     DEBUG_ONLY(_orig_chunk_sp = chunk->sp_address();)
 662 #ifdef ASSERT
 663     {
 664       intptr_t* retaddr_slot = (chunk->sp_address()
 665                                 - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset());
 666       assert(ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(retaddr_slot) == chunk->pc(),
 667              "unexpected saved return address");
 668     }
 669 #endif
 670 
 671     // the chunk's sp before the freeze, adjusted to point beyond the stack-passed arguments in the topmost frame
 672     // we overlap; we'll overwrite the chunk's top frame's callee arguments
 673     const int chunk_start_sp = chunk->sp() + _cont.argsize() + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
 674     assert(chunk_start_sp <= chunk->stack_size(), "sp not pointing into stack");
 675 
 676     // increase max_size by what we're freezing minus the overlap
 677     chunk->set_max_thawing_size(chunk->max_thawing_size() + cont_size() - _cont.argsize() - frame::metadata_words_at_top);
 678 
 679     intptr_t* const bottom_sp = _cont_stack_bottom - _cont.argsize() - frame::metadata_words_at_top;
 680     assert(bottom_sp == _bottom_address, "");
 681     // Because the chunk isn't empty, we know there's a caller in the chunk, therefore the bottom-most frame
 682     // should have a return barrier (installed back when we thawed it).
 683 #ifdef ASSERT
 684     {
 685       intptr_t* retaddr_slot = (bottom_sp
 686                                 - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset());
 687       assert(ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(retaddr_slot)
 688              == StubRoutines::cont_returnBarrier(),
 689              "should be the continuation return barrier");
 690     }
 691 #endif
 692     // We copy the fp from the chunk back to the stack because it contains some caller data,
 693     // including, possibly, an oop that might have gone stale since we thawed.
 694     patch_stack_pd(bottom_sp, chunk->sp_address());
 695     // we don't patch the return pc at this time, so as not to make the stack unwalkable for async walks
 696 
 697     freeze_fast_copy(chunk, chunk_start_sp CONT_JFR_ONLY(COMMA false));
 698   } else { // the chunk is empty
 699     const int chunk_start_sp = chunk->stack_size();
 700 
 701     DEBUG_ONLY(_empty = true;)
 702     DEBUG_ONLY(_orig_chunk_sp = chunk->start_address() + chunk_start_sp;)
 703 
 704     chunk->set_max_thawing_size(cont_size());
 705     chunk->set_bottom(chunk_start_sp - _cont.argsize() - frame::metadata_words_at_top);
 706     chunk->set_sp(chunk->bottom());
 707 
 708     freeze_fast_copy(chunk, chunk_start_sp CONT_JFR_ONLY(COMMA false));
 709   }
 710 }
 711 
 712 bool FreezeBase::freeze_fast_new_chunk(stackChunkOop chunk) {
 713   DEBUG_ONLY(_empty = true;)
 714 
 715   // Install new chunk
 716   _cont.set_tail(chunk);
 717 
 718   if (UNLIKELY(chunk == nullptr || !_thread->cont_fastpath() || _barriers)) { // OOME/probably humongous
 719     log_develop_trace(continuations)("Retrying slow. Barriers: %d", _barriers);
 720     return false;
 721   }
 722 
 723   chunk->set_max_thawing_size(cont_size());
 724 
 725   // in a fresh chunk, we freeze *with* the bottom-most frame's stack arguments.
 726   // They'll then be stored twice: in the chunk and in the parent chunk's top frame
 727   const int chunk_start_sp = cont_size() + frame::metadata_words + _monitors_in_lockstack;
 728   assert(chunk_start_sp == chunk->stack_size(), "");
 729 
 730   DEBUG_ONLY(_orig_chunk_sp = chunk->start_address() + chunk_start_sp;)
 731 
 732   freeze_fast_copy(chunk, chunk_start_sp CONT_JFR_ONLY(COMMA true));
 733 
 734   return true;
 735 }
 736 
 737 void FreezeBase::freeze_fast_copy(stackChunkOop chunk, int chunk_start_sp CONT_JFR_ONLY(COMMA bool chunk_is_allocated)) {
 738   assert(chunk != nullptr, "");
 739   assert(!chunk->has_mixed_frames(), "");
 740   assert(!chunk->is_gc_mode(), "");
 741   assert(!chunk->has_bitmap(), "");
 742   assert(!chunk->requires_barriers(), "");
 743   assert(chunk == _cont.tail(), "");
 744 
 745   // We unwind frames after the last safepoint so that the GC will have found the oops in the frames, but before
 746   // writing into the chunk. This is so that an asynchronous stack walk (not at a safepoint) that suspends us here
 747   // will either see no continuation on the stack, or a consistent chunk.
 748   unwind_frames();
 749 
 750   log_develop_trace(continuations)("freeze_fast start: chunk " INTPTR_FORMAT " size: %d orig sp: %d argsize: %d",
 751     p2i((oopDesc*)chunk), chunk->stack_size(), chunk_start_sp, _cont.argsize());
 752   assert(chunk_start_sp <= chunk->stack_size(), "");
 753   assert(chunk_start_sp >= cont_size(), "no room in the chunk");
 754 
 755   const int chunk_new_sp = chunk_start_sp - cont_size(); // the chunk's new sp, after freeze
 756   assert(!(_fast_freeze_size > 0) || (_orig_chunk_sp - (chunk->start_address() + chunk_new_sp)) == (_fast_freeze_size - _monitors_in_lockstack), "");
 757 
 758   intptr_t* chunk_top = chunk->start_address() + chunk_new_sp;
 759 #ifdef ASSERT
 760   if (!_empty) {
 761     intptr_t* retaddr_slot = (_orig_chunk_sp
 762                               - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset());
 763     assert(ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(retaddr_slot) == chunk->pc(),
 764            "unexpected saved return address");
 765   }
 766 #endif
 767 
 768   log_develop_trace(continuations)("freeze_fast start: " INTPTR_FORMAT " sp: %d chunk_top: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 769                               p2i(chunk->start_address()), chunk_new_sp, p2i(chunk_top));
 770 
 771   int adjust = frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
 772 #if INCLUDE_ASAN && defined(AARCH64)
 773   // Reading at offset frame::metadata_words_at_bottom from _cont_stack_top
 774   // will accesss memory at the callee frame, which on preemption cases will
 775   // be the VM native method being called. The Arm 64-bit ABI doesn't specify
 776   // a location where the frame record (returnpc+fp) has to be stored within
 777   // a stack frame, and GCC currently chooses to save it at the top of the
 778   // frame (lowest address). ASan treats this memory access in the callee as
 779   // an overflow access to one of the locals stored in that frame. For these
 780   // preemption cases we don't need to read these words anyways so we avoid it.
 781   if (_preempt) {
 782     adjust = 0;
 783   }
 784 #endif
 785   intptr_t* from = _cont_stack_top - adjust;
 786   intptr_t* to   = chunk_top - adjust;
 787   copy_to_chunk(from, to, cont_size() + adjust);
 788   // Because we're not patched yet, the chunk is now in a bad state
 789 
 790   // patch return pc of the bottom-most frozen frame (now in the chunk)
 791   // with the actual caller's return address
 792   intptr_t* chunk_bottom_retaddr_slot = (chunk_top + cont_size()
 793                                          - _cont.argsize()
 794                                          - frame::metadata_words_at_top
 795                                          - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset());
 796 #ifdef ASSERT
 797   if (!_empty) {
 798     assert(ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(chunk_bottom_retaddr_slot)
 799            == StubRoutines::cont_returnBarrier(),
 800            "should be the continuation return barrier");
 801   }
 802 #endif
 803   ContinuationHelper::patch_return_address_at(chunk_bottom_retaddr_slot,
 804                                               chunk->pc());
 805 
 806   // We're always writing to a young chunk, so the GC can't see it until the next safepoint.
 807   chunk->set_sp(chunk_new_sp);
 808 
 809   // set chunk->pc to the return address of the topmost frame in the chunk
 810   if (_preempt) {
 811     // On aarch64/riscv64, the return pc of the top frame won't necessarily be at sp[-1].
 812     // Also, on x64, if the top frame is the native wrapper frame, sp[-1] will not
 813     // be the pc we used when creating the oopmap. Get the top's frame last pc from
 814     // the anchor instead.
 815     address last_pc = _last_frame.pc();
 816     ContinuationHelper::patch_return_address_at(chunk_top - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset(), last_pc);
 817     chunk->set_pc(last_pc);
 818     // For stub/native frames the fp is not used while frozen, and will be constructed
 819     // again when thawing the frame (see ThawBase::handle_preempted_continuation). We
 820     // patch it with a special bad address to help with debugging, particularly when
 821     // inspecting frames and identifying invalid accesses.
 822     patch_pd_unused(chunk_top);
 823   } else {
 824     chunk->set_pc(ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(
 825                   _cont_stack_top - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset()));
 826   }
 827 
 828   if (_monitors_in_lockstack > 0) {
 829     freeze_lockstack(chunk);
 830   }
 831 
 832   _cont.write();
 833 
 834   log_develop_trace(continuations)("FREEZE CHUNK #" INTPTR_FORMAT " (young)", _cont.hash());
 835   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
 836   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
 837     LogStream ls(lt);
 838     chunk->print_on(true, &ls);
 839   }
 840 
 841   // Verification
 842   assert(_cont.chunk_invariant(), "");
 843   chunk->verify();
 844 
 845 #if CONT_JFR
 846   EventContinuationFreezeFast e;
 847   if (e.should_commit()) {
 848     e.set_id(cast_from_oop<u8>(chunk));
 849     DEBUG_ONLY(e.set_allocate(chunk_is_allocated);)
 850     e.set_size(cont_size() << LogBytesPerWord);
 851     e.commit();
 852   }
 853 #endif
 854 }
 855 
 856 NOINLINE freeze_result FreezeBase::freeze_slow() {
 857 #ifdef ASSERT
 858   ResourceMark rm;
 859 #endif
 860 
 861   log_develop_trace(continuations)("freeze_slow  #" INTPTR_FORMAT, _cont.hash());
 862   assert(_thread->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm || _thread->thread_state() == _thread_blocked, "");
 863 
 864 #if CONT_JFR
 865   EventContinuationFreezeSlow e;
 866   if (e.should_commit()) {
 867     e.set_id(cast_from_oop<u8>(_cont.continuation()));
 868     e.commit();
 869   }
 870 #endif
 871 
 872   init_rest();
 873 
 874   HandleMark hm(Thread::current());
 875 
 876   frame f = freeze_start_frame();
 877 
 878   LogTarget(Debug, continuations) lt;
 879   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
 880     LogStream ls(lt);
 881     f.print_on(&ls);
 882   }
 883 
 884   frame caller; // the frozen caller in the chunk
 885   freeze_result res = recurse_freeze(f, caller, 0, false, true);
 886 
 887   if (res == freeze_ok) {
 888     finish_freeze(f, caller);
 889     _cont.write();
 890   }
 891 
 892   return res;
 893 }
 894 
 895 frame FreezeBase::freeze_start_frame() {
 896   if (LIKELY(!_preempt)) {
 897     return freeze_start_frame_yield_stub();
 898   } else {
 899     return freeze_start_frame_on_preempt();
 900   }
 901 }
 902 
 903 frame FreezeBase::freeze_start_frame_yield_stub() {
 904   frame f = _thread->last_frame();
 905   assert(SharedRuntime::cont_doYield_stub()->contains(f.pc()), "must be");
 906   f = sender<ContinuationHelper::NonInterpretedUnknownFrame>(f);
 907   assert(Continuation::is_frame_in_continuation(_thread->last_continuation(), f), "");
 908   return f;
 909 }
 910 
 911 frame FreezeBase::freeze_start_frame_on_preempt() {
 912   assert(_last_frame.sp() == _thread->last_frame().sp(), "_last_frame should be already initialized");
 913   assert(Continuation::is_frame_in_continuation(_thread->last_continuation(), _last_frame), "");
 914   return _last_frame;
 915 }
 916 
 917 // The parameter callee_argsize includes metadata that has to be part of caller/callee overlap.
 918 NOINLINE freeze_result FreezeBase::recurse_freeze(frame& f, frame& caller, int callee_argsize, bool callee_interpreted, bool top) {
 919   assert(f.unextended_sp() < _bottom_address, ""); // see recurse_freeze_java_frame
 920   assert(f.is_interpreted_frame() || ((top && _preempt) == ContinuationHelper::Frame::is_stub(f.cb()))
 921          || ((top && _preempt) == f.is_native_frame()), "");
 922 
 923   if (stack_overflow()) {
 924     return freeze_exception;
 925   }
 926 
 927   if (f.is_compiled_frame()) {
 928     if (UNLIKELY(f.oop_map() == nullptr)) {
 929       // special native frame
 930       return freeze_pinned_native;
 931     }
 932     return recurse_freeze_compiled_frame(f, caller, callee_argsize, callee_interpreted);
 933   } else if (f.is_interpreted_frame()) {
 934     assert(!f.interpreter_frame_method()->is_native() || (top && _preempt), "");
 935     return recurse_freeze_interpreted_frame(f, caller, callee_argsize, callee_interpreted);
 936   } else if (top && _preempt) {
 937     assert(f.is_native_frame() || f.is_runtime_frame(), "");
 938     return f.is_native_frame() ? recurse_freeze_native_frame(f, caller) : recurse_freeze_stub_frame(f, caller);
 939   } else {
 940     // Frame can't be frozen. Most likely the call_stub or upcall_stub
 941     // which indicates there are further natives frames up the stack.
 942     return freeze_pinned_native;
 943   }
 944 }
 945 
 946 // The parameter callee_argsize includes metadata that has to be part of caller/callee overlap.
 947 // See also StackChunkFrameStream<frame_kind>::frame_size()
 948 template<typename FKind>
 949 inline freeze_result FreezeBase::recurse_freeze_java_frame(const frame& f, frame& caller, int fsize, int argsize) {
 950   assert(FKind::is_instance(f), "");
 951 
 952   assert(fsize > 0, "");
 953   assert(argsize >= 0, "");
 954   _freeze_size += fsize;
 955   NOT_PRODUCT(_frames++;)
 956 
 957   assert(FKind::frame_bottom(f) <= _bottom_address, "");
 958 
 959   // We don't use FKind::frame_bottom(f) == _bottom_address because on x64 there's sometimes an extra word between
 960   // enterSpecial and an interpreted frame
 961   if (FKind::frame_bottom(f) >= _bottom_address - 1) {
 962     return finalize_freeze(f, caller, argsize); // recursion end
 963   } else {
 964     frame senderf = sender<FKind>(f);
 965     assert(FKind::interpreted || senderf.sp() == senderf.unextended_sp(), "");
 966     freeze_result result = recurse_freeze(senderf, caller, argsize, FKind::interpreted, false); // recursive call
 967     return result;
 968   }
 969 }
 970 
 971 inline void FreezeBase::before_freeze_java_frame(const frame& f, const frame& caller, int fsize, int argsize, bool is_bottom_frame) {
 972   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
 973   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
 974     LogStream ls(lt);
 975     ls.print_cr("======== FREEZING FRAME interpreted: %d bottom: %d", f.is_interpreted_frame(), is_bottom_frame);
 976     ls.print_cr("fsize: %d argsize: %d", fsize, argsize);
 977     f.print_value_on(&ls);
 978   }
 979   assert(caller.is_interpreted_frame() == Interpreter::contains(caller.pc()), "");
 980 }
 981 
 982 inline void FreezeBase::after_freeze_java_frame(const frame& hf, bool is_bottom_frame) {
 983   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
 984   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
 985     LogStream ls(lt);
 986     DEBUG_ONLY(hf.print_value_on(&ls);)
 987     assert(hf.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
 988     DEBUG_ONLY(print_frame_layout(hf, false, &ls);)
 989     if (is_bottom_frame) {
 990       ls.print_cr("bottom h-frame:");
 991       hf.print_on(&ls);
 992     }
 993   }
 994 }
 995 
 996 // The parameter argsize_md includes metadata that has to be part of caller/callee overlap.
 997 // See also StackChunkFrameStream<frame_kind>::frame_size()
 998 freeze_result FreezeBase::finalize_freeze(const frame& callee, frame& caller, int argsize_md) {
 999   int argsize = argsize_md - frame::metadata_words_at_top;
1000   assert(callee.is_interpreted_frame()
1001     || ContinuationHelper::Frame::is_stub(callee.cb())
1002     || callee.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_osr_method()
1003     || argsize == _cont.argsize(), "argsize: %d cont.argsize: %d", argsize, _cont.argsize());
1004   log_develop_trace(continuations)("bottom: " INTPTR_FORMAT " count %d size: %d argsize: %d",
1005     p2i(_bottom_address), _frames, _freeze_size << LogBytesPerWord, argsize);
1006 
1007   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
1008 
1009 #ifdef ASSERT
1010   bool empty = _cont.is_empty();
1011   log_develop_trace(continuations)("empty: %d", empty);
1012 #endif
1013 
1014   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
1015 
1016   assert(chunk == nullptr || (chunk->max_thawing_size() == 0) == chunk->is_empty(), "");
1017 
1018   _freeze_size += frame::metadata_words; // for top frame's metadata
1019 
1020   int overlap = 0; // the args overlap the caller -- if there is one in this chunk and is of the same kind
1021   int unextended_sp = -1;
1022   if (chunk != nullptr) {
1023     if (!chunk->is_empty()) {
1024       StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed> last(chunk);
1025       unextended_sp = chunk->to_offset(StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed>(chunk).unextended_sp());
1026       bool top_interpreted = Interpreter::contains(chunk->pc());
1027       if (callee.is_interpreted_frame() == top_interpreted) {
1028         overlap = argsize_md;
1029       }
1030     } else {
1031       unextended_sp = chunk->stack_size() - frame::metadata_words_at_top;
1032     }
1033   }
1034 
1035   log_develop_trace(continuations)("finalize _size: %d overlap: %d unextended_sp: %d", _freeze_size, overlap, unextended_sp);
1036 
1037   _freeze_size -= overlap;
1038   assert(_freeze_size >= 0, "");
1039 
1040   assert(chunk == nullptr || chunk->is_empty()
1041           || unextended_sp == chunk->to_offset(StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed>(chunk).unextended_sp()), "");
1042   assert(chunk != nullptr || unextended_sp < _freeze_size, "");
1043 
1044   _freeze_size += _monitors_in_lockstack;
1045 
1046   // _barriers can be set to true by an allocation in freeze_fast, in which case the chunk is available
1047   bool allocated_old_in_freeze_fast = _barriers;
1048   assert(!allocated_old_in_freeze_fast || (unextended_sp >= _freeze_size && chunk->is_empty()),
1049     "Chunk allocated in freeze_fast is of insufficient size "
1050     "unextended_sp: %d size: %d is_empty: %d", unextended_sp, _freeze_size, chunk->is_empty());
1051   assert(!allocated_old_in_freeze_fast || (!UseZGC && !UseG1GC), "Unexpected allocation");
1052 
1053   DEBUG_ONLY(bool empty_chunk = true);
1054   if (unextended_sp < _freeze_size || chunk->is_gc_mode() || (!allocated_old_in_freeze_fast && chunk->requires_barriers())) {
1055     // ALLOCATE NEW CHUNK
1056 
1057     if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
1058       LogStream ls(lt);
1059       if (chunk == nullptr) {
1060         ls.print_cr("no chunk");
1061       } else {
1062         ls.print_cr("chunk barriers: %d _size: %d free size: %d",
1063           chunk->requires_barriers(), _freeze_size, chunk->sp() - frame::metadata_words);
1064         chunk->print_on(&ls);
1065       }
1066     }
1067 
1068     _freeze_size += overlap; // we're allocating a new chunk, so no overlap
1069     // overlap = 0;
1070 
1071     chunk = allocate_chunk_slow(_freeze_size, argsize_md);
1072     if (chunk == nullptr) {
1073       return freeze_exception;
1074     }
1075 
1076     // Install new chunk
1077     _cont.set_tail(chunk);
1078     assert(chunk->is_empty(), "");
1079   } else {
1080     // REUSE EXISTING CHUNK
1081     log_develop_trace(continuations)("Reusing chunk mixed: %d empty: %d", chunk->has_mixed_frames(), chunk->is_empty());
1082     if (chunk->is_empty()) {
1083       int sp = chunk->stack_size() - argsize_md;
1084       chunk->set_sp(sp);
1085       chunk->set_bottom(sp);
1086       _freeze_size += overlap;
1087       assert(chunk->max_thawing_size() == 0, "");
1088     } DEBUG_ONLY(else empty_chunk = false;)
1089   }
1090   assert(!chunk->is_gc_mode(), "");
1091   assert(!chunk->has_bitmap(), "");
1092   chunk->set_has_mixed_frames(true);
1093 
1094   assert(chunk->requires_barriers() == _barriers, "");
1095   assert(!_barriers || chunk->is_empty(), "");
1096 
1097   assert(!chunk->is_empty() || StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed>(chunk).is_done(), "");
1098   assert(!chunk->is_empty() || StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed>(chunk).to_frame().is_empty(), "");
1099 
1100   if (_preempt) {
1101     frame top_frame = _thread->last_frame();
1102     if (top_frame.is_interpreted_frame()) {
1103       // Some platforms do not save the last_sp in the top interpreter frame on VM calls.
1104       // We need it so that on resume we can restore the sp to the right place, since
1105       // thawing might add an alignment word to the expression stack (see finish_thaw()).
1106       // We do it now that we know freezing will be successful.
1107       prepare_freeze_interpreted_top_frame(top_frame);
1108     }
1109 
1110     // Do this now so should_process_args_at_top() is set before calling finish_freeze
1111     // in case we might need to apply GC barriers to frames in this stackChunk.
1112     if (_thread->at_preemptable_init()) {
1113       assert(top_frame.is_interpreted_frame(), "only InterpreterRuntime::_new/resolve_from_cache allowed");
1114       chunk->set_at_klass_init(true);
1115       methodHandle m(_thread, top_frame.interpreter_frame_method());
1116       Bytecode_invoke call = Bytecode_invoke_check(m, top_frame.interpreter_frame_bci());
1117       assert(!call.is_valid() || call.is_invokestatic(), "only invokestatic allowed");
1118       if (call.is_invokestatic() && call.size_of_parameters() > 0) {
1119         assert(top_frame.interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size() > 0, "should have parameters in exp stack");
1120         chunk->set_has_args_at_top(true);
1121       }
1122     }
1123   }
1124 
1125   // We unwind frames after the last safepoint so that the GC will have found the oops in the frames, but before
1126   // writing into the chunk. This is so that an asynchronous stack walk (not at a safepoint) that suspends us here
1127   // will either see no continuation or a consistent chunk.
1128   unwind_frames();
1129 
1130   chunk->set_max_thawing_size(chunk->max_thawing_size() + _freeze_size - _monitors_in_lockstack - frame::metadata_words);
1131 
1132   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
1133     LogStream ls(lt);
1134     ls.print_cr("top chunk:");
1135     chunk->print_on(&ls);
1136   }
1137 
1138   if (_monitors_in_lockstack > 0) {
1139     freeze_lockstack(chunk);
1140   }
1141 
1142   // The topmost existing frame in the chunk; or an empty frame if the chunk is empty
1143   caller = StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed>(chunk).to_frame();
1144 
1145   DEBUG_ONLY(_last_write = caller.unextended_sp() + (empty_chunk ? argsize_md : overlap);)
1146 
1147   assert(chunk->is_in_chunk(_last_write - _freeze_size),
1148     "last_write-size: " INTPTR_FORMAT " start: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(_last_write-_freeze_size), p2i(chunk->start_address()));
1149 #ifdef ASSERT
1150   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
1151     LogStream ls(lt);
1152     ls.print_cr("top hframe before (freeze):");
1153     assert(caller.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
1154     caller.print_on(&ls);
1155   }
1156 
1157   assert(!empty || Continuation::is_continuation_entry_frame(callee, nullptr), "");
1158 
1159   frame entry = sender(callee);
1160 
1161   assert((!empty && Continuation::is_return_barrier_entry(entry.pc())) || (empty && Continuation::is_continuation_enterSpecial(entry)), "");
1162   assert(callee.is_interpreted_frame() || entry.sp() == entry.unextended_sp(), "");
1163 #endif
1164 
1165   return freeze_ok_bottom;
1166 }
1167 
1168 // After freezing a frame we need to possibly adjust some values related to the caller frame.
1169 void FreezeBase::patch(const frame& f, frame& hf, const frame& caller, bool is_bottom_frame) {
1170   if (is_bottom_frame) {
1171     // If we're the bottom frame, we need to replace the return barrier with the real
1172     // caller's pc.
1173     address last_pc = caller.pc();
1174     assert((last_pc == nullptr) == _cont.tail()->is_empty(), "");
1175     ContinuationHelper::Frame::patch_pc(caller, last_pc);
1176   } else {
1177     assert(!caller.is_empty(), "");
1178   }
1179 
1180   patch_pd(hf, caller, is_bottom_frame);
1181 
1182   if (f.is_interpreted_frame()) {
1183     assert(hf.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
1184     ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::patch_sender_sp(hf, caller);
1185   }
1186 
1187 #ifdef ASSERT
1188   if (hf.is_compiled_frame()) {
1189     if (f.is_deoptimized_frame()) { // TODO DEOPT: long term solution: unroll on freeze and patch pc
1190       log_develop_trace(continuations)("Freezing deoptimized frame");
1191       assert(f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_deopt_pc(f.raw_pc()), "");
1192       assert(f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_deopt_pc(ContinuationHelper::Frame::real_pc(f)), "");
1193     }
1194   }
1195 #endif
1196 }
1197 
1198 #ifdef ASSERT
1199 static void verify_frame_top(const frame& f, intptr_t* top) {
1200   ResourceMark rm;
1201   InterpreterOopMap mask;
1202   f.interpreted_frame_oop_map(&mask);
1203   assert(top <= ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_top(f, &mask),
1204          "frame_top: " INTPTR_FORMAT " Interpreted::frame_top: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
1205            p2i(top), p2i(ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_top(f, &mask)));
1206 }
1207 #endif // ASSERT
1208 
1209 // The parameter callee_argsize includes metadata that has to be part of caller/callee overlap.
1210 // See also StackChunkFrameStream<frame_kind>::frame_size()
1211 NOINLINE freeze_result FreezeBase::recurse_freeze_interpreted_frame(frame& f, frame& caller,
1212                                                                     int callee_argsize /* incl. metadata */,
1213                                                                     bool callee_interpreted) {
1214   adjust_interpreted_frame_unextended_sp(f);
1215 
1216   // The frame's top never includes the stack arguments to the callee
1217   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_top(f, callee_argsize, callee_interpreted);
1218   intptr_t* const stack_frame_bottom = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_bottom(f);
1219   const int fsize = pointer_delta_as_int(stack_frame_bottom, stack_frame_top);
1220 
1221   DEBUG_ONLY(verify_frame_top(f, stack_frame_top));
1222 
1223   Method* frame_method = ContinuationHelper::Frame::frame_method(f);
1224   // including metadata between f and its args
1225   const int argsize = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::stack_argsize(f) + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
1226 
1227   log_develop_trace(continuations)("recurse_freeze_interpreted_frame %s _size: %d fsize: %d argsize: %d callee_interpreted: %d",
1228     frame_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), _freeze_size, fsize, argsize, callee_interpreted);
1229   // we'd rather not yield inside methods annotated with @JvmtiMountTransition
1230   assert(!ContinuationHelper::Frame::frame_method(f)->jvmti_mount_transition(), "");
1231 
1232   freeze_result result = recurse_freeze_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame>(f, caller, fsize, argsize);
1233   if (UNLIKELY(result > freeze_ok_bottom)) {
1234     return result;
1235   }
1236 
1237   bool is_bottom_frame = result == freeze_ok_bottom;
1238   assert(!caller.is_empty() || is_bottom_frame, "");
1239 
1240   DEBUG_ONLY(before_freeze_java_frame(f, caller, fsize, 0, is_bottom_frame);)
1241 
1242   frame hf = new_heap_frame<ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame>(f, caller);
1243   _total_align_size += frame::align_wiggle; // add alignment room for internal interpreted frame alignment on AArch64/PPC64
1244 
1245   intptr_t* heap_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_top(hf, callee_argsize, callee_interpreted);
1246   intptr_t* heap_frame_bottom = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_bottom(hf);
1247   assert(heap_frame_bottom == heap_frame_top + fsize, "");
1248 
1249   // Some architectures (like AArch64/PPC64/RISC-V) add padding between the locals and the fixed_frame to keep the fp 16-byte-aligned.
1250   // On those architectures we freeze the padding in order to keep the same fp-relative offsets in the fixed_frame.
1251   copy_to_chunk(stack_frame_top, heap_frame_top, fsize);
1252   assert(!is_bottom_frame || !caller.is_interpreted_frame() || (heap_frame_top + fsize) == (caller.unextended_sp() + argsize), "");
1253 
1254   relativize_interpreted_frame_metadata(f, hf);
1255 
1256   patch(f, hf, caller, is_bottom_frame);
1257 
1258   CONT_JFR_ONLY(_jfr_info.record_interpreted_frame();)
1259   DEBUG_ONLY(after_freeze_java_frame(hf, is_bottom_frame);)
1260   caller = hf;
1261 
1262   // Mark frame_method's GC epoch for class redefinition on_stack calculation.
1263   frame_method->record_gc_epoch();
1264 
1265   return freeze_ok;
1266 }
1267 
1268 // The parameter callee_argsize includes metadata that has to be part of caller/callee overlap.
1269 // See also StackChunkFrameStream<frame_kind>::frame_size()
1270 freeze_result FreezeBase::recurse_freeze_compiled_frame(frame& f, frame& caller,
1271                                                         int callee_argsize /* incl. metadata */,
1272                                                         bool callee_interpreted) {
1273   // The frame's top never includes the stack arguments to the callee
1274   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::frame_top(f, callee_argsize, callee_interpreted);
1275   intptr_t* const stack_frame_bottom = ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::frame_bottom(f);
1276   // including metadata between f and its stackargs
1277   int argsize = ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::stack_argsize(f) + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
1278   int fsize = pointer_delta_as_int(stack_frame_bottom + argsize, stack_frame_top);
1279 
1280   int real_frame_size = 0;
1281   bool augmented = f.was_augmented_on_entry(real_frame_size);
1282   if (augmented) {
1283     assert(f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_compiled_by_c2(), "should be c2 compiled");
1284     // The args reside inside the frame so clear argsize. If the caller is compiled,
1285     // this will cause the stack arguments passed by the caller to be freezed when
1286     // freezing the caller frame itself. If the caller is interpreted this will have
1287     // the effect of discarding the arg area created in the i2c stub.
1288     argsize = 0;
1289     fsize = real_frame_size - (callee_interpreted ? 0 : callee_argsize);
1290   }
1291 
1292   log_develop_trace(continuations)("recurse_freeze_compiled_frame %s _size: %d fsize: %d argsize: %d augmented: %d",
1293                              ContinuationHelper::Frame::frame_method(f) != nullptr ?
1294                              ContinuationHelper::Frame::frame_method(f)->name_and_sig_as_C_string() : "",
1295                              _freeze_size, fsize, argsize, augmented);
1296   // we'd rather not yield inside methods annotated with @JvmtiMountTransition
1297   assert(!ContinuationHelper::Frame::frame_method(f)->jvmti_mount_transition(), "");
1298 
1299   freeze_result result = recurse_freeze_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame>(f, caller, fsize, argsize);
1300   if (UNLIKELY(result > freeze_ok_bottom)) {
1301     return result;
1302   }
1303 
1304   bool is_bottom_frame = result == freeze_ok_bottom;
1305   assert(!caller.is_empty() || is_bottom_frame, "");
1306   assert(!is_bottom_frame || !augmented, "thaw extended frame without caller?");
1307 
1308   DEBUG_ONLY(before_freeze_java_frame(f, caller, fsize, argsize, is_bottom_frame);)
1309 
1310   frame hf = new_heap_frame<ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame>(f, caller, augmented ? real_frame_size - f.cb()->as_nmethod()->frame_size() : 0);
1311 
1312   intptr_t* heap_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::frame_top(hf, callee_argsize, callee_interpreted);
1313 
1314   copy_to_chunk(stack_frame_top, heap_frame_top, fsize);
1315   assert(!is_bottom_frame || !caller.is_compiled_frame() || (heap_frame_top + fsize) == (caller.unextended_sp() + argsize), "");
1316 
1317   if (caller.is_interpreted_frame()) {
1318     // When thawing the frame we might need to add alignment (see Thaw::align)
1319     _total_align_size += frame::align_wiggle;
1320   }
1321 
1322   patch(f, hf, caller, is_bottom_frame);
1323 
1324   assert(is_bottom_frame || Interpreter::contains(ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::real_pc(caller)) == caller.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
1325 
1326   DEBUG_ONLY(after_freeze_java_frame(hf, is_bottom_frame);)
1327   caller = hf;
1328   return freeze_ok;
1329 }
1330 
1331 NOINLINE freeze_result FreezeBase::recurse_freeze_stub_frame(frame& f, frame& caller) {
1332   DEBUG_ONLY(frame fsender = sender(f);)
1333   assert(fsender.is_compiled_frame(), "sender should be compiled frame");
1334 
1335   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::StubFrame::frame_top(f);
1336   const int fsize = f.cb()->frame_size();
1337 
1338   log_develop_trace(continuations)("recurse_freeze_stub_frame %s _size: %d fsize: %d :: " INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT,
1339     f.cb()->name(), _freeze_size, fsize, p2i(stack_frame_top), p2i(stack_frame_top+fsize));
1340 
1341   freeze_result result = recurse_freeze_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::StubFrame>(f, caller, fsize, 0);
1342   if (UNLIKELY(result > freeze_ok_bottom)) {
1343     return result;
1344   }
1345 
1346   assert(result == freeze_ok, "should have caller");
1347   DEBUG_ONLY(before_freeze_java_frame(f, caller, fsize, 0, false /*is_bottom_frame*/);)
1348 
1349   frame hf = new_heap_frame<ContinuationHelper::StubFrame>(f, caller);
1350   intptr_t* heap_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::StubFrame::frame_top(hf);
1351 
1352   copy_to_chunk(stack_frame_top, heap_frame_top, fsize);
1353 
1354   patch(f, hf, caller, false /*is_bottom_frame*/);
1355 
1356   DEBUG_ONLY(after_freeze_java_frame(hf, false /*is_bottom_frame*/);)
1357 
1358   caller = hf;
1359   return freeze_ok;
1360 }
1361 
1362 NOINLINE freeze_result FreezeBase::recurse_freeze_native_frame(frame& f, frame& caller) {
1363   if (!f.cb()->as_nmethod()->method()->is_object_wait0()) {
1364     assert(f.cb()->as_nmethod()->method()->is_synchronized(), "");
1365     // Synchronized native method case. Unlike the interpreter native wrapper, the compiled
1366     // native wrapper tries to acquire the monitor after marshalling the arguments from the
1367     // caller into the native convention. This is so that we have a valid oopMap in case of
1368     // having to block in the slow path. But that would require freezing those registers too
1369     // and then fixing them back on thaw in case of oops. To avoid complicating things and
1370     // given that this would be a rare case anyways just pin the vthread to the carrier.
1371     return freeze_pinned_native;
1372   }
1373 
1374   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame::frame_top(f);
1375   // There are no stackargs but argsize must include the metadata
1376   const int argsize = frame::metadata_words_at_top;
1377   const int fsize = f.cb()->frame_size() + argsize;
1378 
1379   log_develop_trace(continuations)("recurse_freeze_native_frame %s _size: %d fsize: %d :: " INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT,
1380     f.cb()->name(), _freeze_size, fsize, p2i(stack_frame_top), p2i(stack_frame_top+fsize));
1381 
1382   freeze_result result = recurse_freeze_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame>(f, caller, fsize, argsize);
1383   if (UNLIKELY(result > freeze_ok_bottom)) {
1384     return result;
1385   }
1386 
1387   assert(result == freeze_ok, "should have caller frame");
1388   DEBUG_ONLY(before_freeze_java_frame(f, caller, fsize, argsize, false /* is_bottom_frame */);)
1389 
1390   frame hf = new_heap_frame<ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame>(f, caller);
1391   intptr_t* heap_frame_top = ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame::frame_top(hf);
1392 
1393   copy_to_chunk(stack_frame_top, heap_frame_top, fsize);
1394 
1395   if (caller.is_interpreted_frame()) {
1396     // When thawing the frame we might need to add alignment (see Thaw::align)
1397     _total_align_size += frame::align_wiggle;
1398   }
1399 
1400   patch(f, hf, caller, false /* is_bottom_frame */);
1401 
1402   DEBUG_ONLY(after_freeze_java_frame(hf, false /* is_bottom_frame */);)
1403 
1404   caller = hf;
1405   return freeze_ok;
1406 }
1407 
1408 NOINLINE void FreezeBase::finish_freeze(const frame& f, const frame& top) {
1409   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
1410 
1411   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
1412   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
1413     LogStream ls(lt);
1414     assert(top.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
1415     top.print_on(&ls);
1416   }
1417 
1418   set_top_frame_metadata_pd(top);
1419 
1420   chunk->set_sp(chunk->to_offset(top.sp()));
1421   chunk->set_pc(top.pc());
1422 
1423   chunk->set_max_thawing_size(chunk->max_thawing_size() + _total_align_size);
1424 
1425   assert(chunk->sp_address() - chunk->start_address() >= _monitors_in_lockstack, "clash with lockstack");
1426 
1427   // At this point the chunk is consistent
1428 
1429   if (UNLIKELY(_barriers)) {
1430     log_develop_trace(continuations)("do barriers on old chunk");
1431     // Serial and Parallel GC can allocate objects directly into the old generation.
1432     // Then we want to relativize the derived pointers eagerly so that
1433     // old chunks are all in GC mode.
1434     assert(!UseG1GC, "G1 can not deal with allocating outside of eden");
1435     assert(!UseZGC, "ZGC can not deal with allocating chunks visible to marking");
1436     if (UseShenandoahGC) {
1437       _cont.tail()->relativize_derived_pointers_concurrently();
1438     } else {
1439       ContinuationGCSupport::transform_stack_chunk(_cont.tail());
1440     }
1441     // For objects in the old generation we must maintain the remembered set
1442     _cont.tail()->do_barriers<stackChunkOopDesc::BarrierType::Store>();
1443   }
1444 
1445   log_develop_trace(continuations)("finish_freeze: has_mixed_frames: %d", chunk->has_mixed_frames());
1446   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
1447     LogStream ls(lt);
1448     chunk->print_on(true, &ls);
1449   }
1450 
1451   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
1452     LogStream ls(lt);
1453     ls.print_cr("top hframe after (freeze):");
1454     assert(_cont.last_frame().is_heap_frame(), "should be");
1455     _cont.last_frame().print_on(&ls);
1456     DEBUG_ONLY(print_frame_layout(top, false, &ls);)
1457   }
1458 
1459   assert(_cont.chunk_invariant(), "");
1460 }
1461 
1462 inline bool FreezeBase::stack_overflow() { // detect stack overflow in recursive native code
1463   JavaThread* t = !_preempt ? _thread : JavaThread::current();
1464   assert(t == JavaThread::current(), "");
1465   if (os::current_stack_pointer() < t->stack_overflow_state()->shadow_zone_safe_limit()) {
1466     if (!_preempt) {
1467       ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(t, _cont); // could also call _cont.done() instead
1468       Exceptions::_throw_msg(t, __FILE__, __LINE__, vmSymbols::java_lang_StackOverflowError(), "Stack overflow while freezing");
1469     }
1470     return true;
1471   }
1472   return false;
1473 }
1474 
1475 class StackChunkAllocator : public MemAllocator {
1476   const size_t                                 _stack_size;
1477   int                                          _argsize_md;
1478   ContinuationWrapper&                         _continuation_wrapper;
1479   JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector* const _jvmti_event_collector;
1480   mutable bool                                 _took_slow_path;
1481 
1482   // Does the minimal amount of initialization needed for a TLAB allocation.
1483   // We don't need to do a full initialization, as such an allocation need not be immediately walkable.
1484   virtual oop initialize(HeapWord* mem) const override {
1485     assert(_stack_size > 0, "");
1486     assert(_stack_size <= max_jint, "");
1487     assert(_word_size > _stack_size, "");
1488 
1489     // zero out fields (but not the stack)
1490     const size_t hs = oopDesc::header_size();
1491     if (oopDesc::has_klass_gap()) {
1492       oopDesc::set_klass_gap(mem, 0);
1493     }
1494     Copy::fill_to_aligned_words(mem + hs, vmClasses::StackChunk_klass()->size_helper() - hs);
1495 
1496     int bottom = (int)_stack_size - _argsize_md;
1497 
1498     jdk_internal_vm_StackChunk::set_size(mem, (int)_stack_size);
1499     jdk_internal_vm_StackChunk::set_bottom(mem, bottom);
1500     jdk_internal_vm_StackChunk::set_sp(mem, bottom);
1501 
1502     return finish(mem);
1503   }
1504 
1505   stackChunkOop allocate_fast() const {
1506     if (!UseTLAB) {
1507       return nullptr;
1508     }
1509 
1510     HeapWord* const mem = MemAllocator::mem_allocate_inside_tlab_fast();
1511     if (mem == nullptr) {
1512       return nullptr;
1513     }
1514 
1515     oop obj = initialize(mem);
1516     return stackChunkOopDesc::cast(obj);
1517   }
1518 
1519 public:
1520   StackChunkAllocator(Klass* klass,
1521                       size_t word_size,
1522                       Thread* thread,
1523                       size_t stack_size,
1524                       int argsize_md,
1525                       ContinuationWrapper& continuation_wrapper,
1526                       JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector* jvmti_event_collector)
1527     : MemAllocator(klass, word_size, thread),
1528       _stack_size(stack_size),
1529       _argsize_md(argsize_md),
1530       _continuation_wrapper(continuation_wrapper),
1531       _jvmti_event_collector(jvmti_event_collector),
1532       _took_slow_path(false) {}
1533 
1534   // Provides it's own, specialized allocation which skips instrumentation
1535   // if the memory can be allocated without going to a slow-path.
1536   stackChunkOop allocate() const {
1537     // First try to allocate without any slow-paths or instrumentation.
1538     stackChunkOop obj = allocate_fast();
1539     if (obj != nullptr) {
1540       return obj;
1541     }
1542 
1543     // Now try full-blown allocation with all expensive operations,
1544     // including potentially safepoint operations.
1545     _took_slow_path = true;
1546 
1547     // Protect unhandled Loom oops
1548     ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(_thread, _continuation_wrapper);
1549 
1550     // Can safepoint
1551     _jvmti_event_collector->start();
1552 
1553     // Can safepoint
1554     return stackChunkOopDesc::cast(MemAllocator::allocate());
1555   }
1556 
1557   bool took_slow_path() const {
1558     return _took_slow_path;
1559   }
1560 };
1561 
1562 template <typename ConfigT>
1563 stackChunkOop Freeze<ConfigT>::allocate_chunk(size_t stack_size, int argsize_md) {
1564   log_develop_trace(continuations)("allocate_chunk allocating new chunk");
1565 
1566   InstanceStackChunkKlass* klass = InstanceStackChunkKlass::cast(vmClasses::StackChunk_klass());
1567   size_t size_in_words = klass->instance_size(stack_size);
1568 
1569   if (CollectedHeap::stack_chunk_max_size() > 0 && size_in_words >= CollectedHeap::stack_chunk_max_size()) {
1570     if (!_preempt) {
1571       throw_stack_overflow_on_humongous_chunk();
1572     }
1573     return nullptr;
1574   }
1575 
1576   JavaThread* current = _preempt ? JavaThread::current() : _thread;
1577   assert(current == JavaThread::current(), "should be current");
1578 
1579   // Allocate the chunk.
1580   //
1581   // This might safepoint while allocating, but all safepointing due to
1582   // instrumentation have been deferred. This property is important for
1583   // some GCs, as this ensures that the allocated object is in the young
1584   // generation / newly allocated memory.
1585   StackChunkAllocator allocator(klass, size_in_words, current, stack_size, argsize_md, _cont, _jvmti_event_collector);
1586   stackChunkOop chunk = allocator.allocate();
1587 
1588   if (chunk == nullptr) {
1589     return nullptr; // OOME
1590   }
1591 
1592   // assert that chunk is properly initialized
1593   assert(chunk->stack_size() == (int)stack_size, "");
1594   assert(chunk->size() >= stack_size, "chunk->size(): %zu size: %zu", chunk->size(), stack_size);
1595   assert(chunk->sp() == chunk->bottom(), "");
1596   assert((intptr_t)chunk->start_address() % 8 == 0, "");
1597   assert(chunk->max_thawing_size() == 0, "");
1598   assert(chunk->pc() == nullptr, "");
1599   assert(chunk->is_empty(), "");
1600   assert(chunk->flags() == 0, "");
1601   assert(chunk->is_gc_mode() == false, "");
1602   assert(chunk->lockstack_size() == 0, "");
1603 
1604   // fields are uninitialized
1605   chunk->set_parent_access<IS_DEST_UNINITIALIZED>(_cont.last_nonempty_chunk());
1606   chunk->set_cont_access<IS_DEST_UNINITIALIZED>(_cont.continuation());
1607 
1608 #if INCLUDE_ZGC
1609   if (UseZGC) {
1610     ZStackChunkGCData::initialize(chunk);
1611     assert(!chunk->requires_barriers(), "ZGC always allocates in the young generation");
1612     _barriers = false;
1613   } else
1614 #endif
1615 #if INCLUDE_SHENANDOAHGC
1616   if (UseShenandoahGC) {
1617     _barriers = chunk->requires_barriers();
1618   } else
1619 #endif
1620   {
1621     if (!allocator.took_slow_path()) {
1622       // Guaranteed to be in young gen / newly allocated memory
1623       assert(!chunk->requires_barriers(), "Unfamiliar GC requires barriers on TLAB allocation");
1624       _barriers = false;
1625     } else {
1626       // Some GCs could put direct allocations in old gen for slow-path
1627       // allocations; need to explicitly check if that was the case.
1628       _barriers = chunk->requires_barriers();
1629     }
1630   }
1631 
1632   if (_barriers) {
1633     log_develop_trace(continuations)("allocation requires barriers");
1634   }
1635 
1636   assert(chunk->parent() == nullptr || chunk->parent()->is_stackChunk(), "");
1637 
1638   return chunk;
1639 }
1640 
1641 void FreezeBase::throw_stack_overflow_on_humongous_chunk() {
1642   ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(_thread, _cont); // could also call _cont.done() instead
1643   Exceptions::_throw_msg(_thread, __FILE__, __LINE__, vmSymbols::java_lang_StackOverflowError(), "Humongous stack chunk");
1644 }
1645 
1646 class AnchorMark : public StackObj {
1647   JavaThread* _current;
1648   frame& _top_frame;
1649   intptr_t* _last_sp_from_frame;
1650   bool _is_interpreted;
1651 
1652  public:
1653   AnchorMark(JavaThread* current, frame& f) : _current(current), _top_frame(f), _is_interpreted(false) {
1654     intptr_t* sp = anchor_mark_set_pd();
1655     set_anchor(_current, sp);
1656   }
1657   ~AnchorMark() {
1658     clear_anchor(_current);
1659     anchor_mark_clear_pd();
1660   }
1661   inline intptr_t* anchor_mark_set_pd();
1662   inline void anchor_mark_clear_pd();
1663 };
1664 
1665 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
1666 static int num_java_frames(ContinuationWrapper& cont) {
1667   ResourceMark rm; // used for scope traversal in num_java_frames(nmethod*, address)
1668   int count = 0;
1669   for (stackChunkOop chunk = cont.tail(); chunk != nullptr; chunk = chunk->parent()) {
1670     count += chunk->num_java_frames();
1671   }
1672   return count;
1673 }
1674 
1675 static void invalidate_jvmti_stack(JavaThread* thread) {
1676   JvmtiThreadState *state = thread->jvmti_thread_state();
1677   if (state != nullptr) {
1678     state->invalidate_cur_stack_depth();
1679   }
1680 }
1681 
1682 static void jvmti_yield_cleanup(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont) {
1683   if (!cont.entry()->is_virtual_thread()) {
1684     if (JvmtiExport::has_frame_pops(thread)) {
1685       int num_frames = num_java_frames(cont);
1686 
1687       ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(Thread::current(), cont);
1688       JvmtiExport::continuation_yield_cleanup(thread, num_frames);
1689     }
1690     invalidate_jvmti_stack(thread);
1691   }
1692 }
1693 
1694 static void jvmti_mount_end(JavaThread* current, ContinuationWrapper& cont, frame top, Continuation::preempt_kind pk) {
1695   assert(current->vthread() != nullptr, "must be");
1696 
1697   HandleMarkCleaner hm(current);  // Cleanup all handles (including so._conth) before returning to Java.
1698   Handle vth(current, current->vthread());
1699   ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(current, cont);
1700   AnchorMark am(current, top);  // Set anchor so that the stack is walkable.
1701 
1702   JRT_BLOCK
1703     MountUnmountDisabler::end_transition(current, vth(), true /*is_mount*/, false /*is_thread_start*/);
1704 
1705     if (current->pending_contended_entered_event()) {
1706       // No monitor JVMTI events for ObjectLocker case.
1707       if (pk != Continuation::object_locker) {
1708         JvmtiExport::post_monitor_contended_entered(current, current->contended_entered_monitor());
1709       }
1710       current->set_contended_entered_monitor(nullptr);
1711     }
1712   JRT_BLOCK_END
1713 }
1714 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMTI
1715 
1716 #ifdef ASSERT
1717 // There are no interpreted frames if we're not called from the interpreter and we haven't ancountered an i2c
1718 // adapter or called Deoptimization::unpack_frames. As for native frames, upcalls from JNI also go through the
1719 // interpreter (see JavaCalls::call_helper), while the UpcallLinker explicitly sets cont_fastpath.
1720 bool FreezeBase::check_valid_fast_path() {
1721   ContinuationEntry* ce = _thread->last_continuation();
1722   RegisterMap map(_thread,
1723                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::skip,
1724                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
1725                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
1726   map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
1727   bool is_top_frame = true;
1728   for (frame f = freeze_start_frame(); Continuation::is_frame_in_continuation(ce, f); f = f.sender(&map), is_top_frame = false) {
1729     if (!((f.is_compiled_frame() && !f.is_deoptimized_frame()) || (is_top_frame && (f.is_runtime_frame() || f.is_native_frame())))) {
1730       return false;
1731     }
1732   }
1733   return true;
1734 }
1735 
1736 static void verify_frame_kind(frame& top, Continuation::preempt_kind preempt_kind, Method** m_ptr, const char** code_name_ptr, int* bci_ptr, stackChunkOop chunk) {
1737   Method* m;
1738   const char* code_name;
1739   int bci;
1740   ResourceMark rm;
1741 
1742   if (preempt_kind == Continuation::monitorenter) {
1743     assert(top.is_interpreted_frame() || top.is_runtime_frame(), "unexpected %sframe",
1744       top.is_compiled_frame() ? "compiled " : top.is_native_frame() ? "native " : "");
1745     bool at_sync_method;
1746     if (top.is_interpreted_frame()) {
1747       m = top.interpreter_frame_method();
1748       assert(!m->is_native() || m->is_synchronized(), "invalid method %s", m->external_name());
1749       address bcp = top.interpreter_frame_bcp();
1750       assert(bcp != nullptr || m->is_native(), "");
1751       at_sync_method = m->is_synchronized() && (bcp == nullptr || bcp == m->code_base());
1752       // bcp is advanced on monitorenter before making the VM call, adjust for that.
1753       bool at_sync_bytecode = bcp > m->code_base() && Bytecode(m, bcp - 1).code() == Bytecodes::Code::_monitorenter;
1754       assert(at_sync_method || at_sync_bytecode, "");
1755       bci = at_sync_method ? -1 : top.interpreter_frame_bci();
1756     } else {
1757       JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
1758       CodeBlob* cb = top.cb();
1759       RegisterMap reg_map(current,
1760                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::skip,
1761                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
1762                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::include);
1763       if (top.is_heap_frame()) {
1764         assert(chunk != nullptr, "");
1765         reg_map.set_stack_chunk(chunk);
1766         top = chunk->relativize(top);
1767         top.set_frame_index(0);
1768       }
1769       frame fr = top.sender(&reg_map);
1770       vframe*  vf  = vframe::new_vframe(&fr, &reg_map, current);
1771       compiledVFrame* cvf = compiledVFrame::cast(vf);
1772       m = cvf->method();
1773       bci = cvf->scope()->bci();
1774       at_sync_method = bci == SynchronizationEntryBCI;
1775       assert(!at_sync_method || m->is_synchronized(), "bci is %d but method %s is not synchronized", bci, m->external_name());
1776       bool is_c1_monitorenter = false, is_c2_monitorenter = false;
1777       COMPILER1_PRESENT(is_c1_monitorenter = cb == Runtime1::blob_for(StubId::c1_monitorenter_id) ||
1778                                              cb == Runtime1::blob_for(StubId::c1_monitorenter_nofpu_id);)
1779       COMPILER2_PRESENT(is_c2_monitorenter = cb == CodeCache::find_blob(OptoRuntime::complete_monitor_locking_Java());)
1780       assert(is_c1_monitorenter || is_c2_monitorenter, "wrong runtime stub frame");
1781     }
1782     code_name = at_sync_method ? "synchronized method" : "monitorenter";
1783   } else if (preempt_kind == Continuation::object_wait) {
1784     assert(top.is_interpreted_frame() || top.is_native_frame(), "");
1785     m  = top.is_interpreted_frame() ? top.interpreter_frame_method() : top.cb()->as_nmethod()->method();
1786     assert(m->is_object_wait0(), "");
1787     bci = 0;
1788     code_name = "";
1789   } else {
1790     assert(preempt_kind == Continuation::object_locker, "invalid preempt kind");
1791     assert(top.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
1792     m = top.interpreter_frame_method();
1793     Bytecode current_bytecode = Bytecode(m, top.interpreter_frame_bcp());
1794     Bytecodes::Code code = current_bytecode.code();
1795     assert(code == Bytecodes::Code::_new || code == Bytecodes::Code::_invokestatic ||
1796            (code == Bytecodes::Code::_getstatic || code == Bytecodes::Code::_putstatic), "invalid bytecode");
1797     bci = top.interpreter_frame_bci();
1798     code_name = Bytecodes::name(current_bytecode.code());
1799   }
1800   assert(bci >= 0 || m->is_synchronized(), "invalid bci:%d at method %s", bci, m->external_name());
1801 
1802   if (m_ptr != nullptr) {
1803     *m_ptr = m;
1804     *code_name_ptr = code_name;
1805     *bci_ptr = bci;
1806   }
1807 }
1808 
1809 static void log_preempt_after_freeze(const ContinuationWrapper& cont) {
1810   JavaThread* current = cont.thread();
1811   int64_t tid = current->monitor_owner_id();
1812 
1813   StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed> sfs(cont.tail());
1814   frame top_frame = sfs.to_frame();
1815   bool at_init = current->at_preemptable_init();
1816   bool at_enter = current->current_pending_monitor() != nullptr;
1817   bool at_wait = current->current_waiting_monitor() != nullptr;
1818   assert((at_enter && !at_wait) || (!at_enter && at_wait), "");
1819   Continuation::preempt_kind pk = at_init ? Continuation::object_locker : at_enter ? Continuation::monitorenter : Continuation::object_wait;
1820 
1821   Method* m = nullptr;
1822   const char* code_name = nullptr;
1823   int bci = InvalidFrameStateBci;
1824   verify_frame_kind(top_frame, pk, &m, &code_name, &bci, cont.tail());
1825   assert(m != nullptr && code_name != nullptr && bci != InvalidFrameStateBci, "should be set");
1826 
1827   ResourceMark rm(current);
1828   if (bci < 0) {
1829     log_trace(continuations, preempt)("Preempted " INT64_FORMAT " while synchronizing on %smethod %s", tid, m->is_native() ? "native " : "", m->external_name());
1830   } else if (m->is_object_wait0()) {
1831     log_trace(continuations, preempt)("Preempted " INT64_FORMAT " at native method %s", tid, m->external_name());
1832   } else {
1833     Klass* k = current->preempt_init_klass();
1834     assert(k != nullptr || !at_init, "");
1835     log_trace(continuations, preempt)("Preempted " INT64_FORMAT " at %s(bci:%d) in method %s %s%s", tid, code_name, bci,
1836             m->external_name(), at_init ? "trying to initialize klass " : "", at_init ? k->external_name() : "");
1837   }
1838 }
1839 #endif // ASSERT
1840 
1841 static inline freeze_result freeze_epilog(ContinuationWrapper& cont) {
1842   verify_continuation(cont.continuation());
1843   assert(!cont.is_empty(), "");
1844 
1845   log_develop_debug(continuations)("=== End of freeze cont ### #" INTPTR_FORMAT, cont.hash());
1846   return freeze_ok;
1847 }
1848 
1849 static freeze_result freeze_epilog(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont, freeze_result res) {
1850   if (UNLIKELY(res != freeze_ok)) {
1851     JFR_ONLY(thread->set_last_freeze_fail_result(res);)
1852     verify_continuation(cont.continuation());
1853     log_develop_trace(continuations)("=== end of freeze (fail %d)", res);
1854     return res;
1855   }
1856 
1857   JVMTI_ONLY(jvmti_yield_cleanup(thread, cont)); // can safepoint
1858   return freeze_epilog(cont);
1859 }
1860 
1861 static freeze_result preempt_epilog(ContinuationWrapper& cont, freeze_result res, frame& old_last_frame) {
1862   if (UNLIKELY(res != freeze_ok)) {
1863     verify_continuation(cont.continuation());
1864     log_develop_trace(continuations)("=== end of freeze (fail %d)", res);
1865     return res;
1866   }
1867 
1868   // Set up things so that on return to Java we jump to preempt stub.
1869   patch_return_pc_with_preempt_stub(old_last_frame);
1870   cont.tail()->set_preempted(true);
1871   DEBUG_ONLY(log_preempt_after_freeze(cont);)
1872   return freeze_epilog(cont);
1873 }
1874 
1875 template<typename ConfigT, bool preempt>
1876 static inline freeze_result freeze_internal(JavaThread* current, intptr_t* const sp) {
1877   assert(!current->has_pending_exception(), "");
1878 
1879 #ifdef ASSERT
1880   log_trace(continuations)("~~~~ freeze sp: " INTPTR_FORMAT "JavaThread: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(current->last_continuation()->entry_sp()), p2i(current));
1881   log_frames(current);
1882 #endif
1883 
1884   CONT_JFR_ONLY(EventContinuationFreeze event;)
1885 
1886   ContinuationEntry* entry = current->last_continuation();
1887 
1888   oop oopCont = entry->cont_oop(current);
1889   assert(oopCont == current->last_continuation()->cont_oop(current), "");
1890   assert(ContinuationEntry::assert_entry_frame_laid_out(current), "");
1891 
1892   verify_continuation(oopCont);
1893   ContinuationWrapper cont(current, oopCont);
1894   log_develop_debug(continuations)("FREEZE #" INTPTR_FORMAT " " INTPTR_FORMAT, cont.hash(), p2i((oopDesc*)oopCont));
1895 
1896   assert(entry->is_virtual_thread() == (entry->scope(current) == java_lang_VirtualThread::vthread_scope()), "");
1897 
1898   if (entry->is_pinned()) {
1899     log_develop_debug(continuations)("PINNED due to critical section");
1900     verify_continuation(cont.continuation());
1901     const freeze_result res = freeze_pinned_cs;
1902     if (!preempt) {
1903       JFR_ONLY(current->set_last_freeze_fail_result(res);)
1904     }
1905     log_develop_trace(continuations)("=== end of freeze (fail %d)", res);
1906     // Avoid Thread.yield() loops without safepoint polls.
1907     if (SafepointMechanism::should_process(current) && !preempt) {
1908       cont.done(); // allow safepoint
1909       ThreadInVMfromJava tivmfj(current);
1910     }
1911     return res;
1912   }
1913 
1914   Freeze<ConfigT> freeze(current, cont, sp, preempt);
1915 
1916   assert(!current->cont_fastpath() || freeze.check_valid_fast_path(), "");
1917   bool fast = UseContinuationFastPath && current->cont_fastpath();
1918   if (fast && freeze.size_if_fast_freeze_available() > 0) {
1919     freeze.freeze_fast_existing_chunk();
1920     CONT_JFR_ONLY(freeze.jfr_info().post_jfr_event(&event, oopCont, current);)
1921     return !preempt ? freeze_epilog(cont) : preempt_epilog(cont, freeze_ok, freeze.last_frame());
1922   }
1923 
1924   if (preempt) {
1925     JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector jsoaec(false);
1926     freeze.set_jvmti_event_collector(&jsoaec);
1927 
1928     freeze_result res = fast ? freeze.try_freeze_fast() : freeze.freeze_slow();
1929 
1930     CONT_JFR_ONLY(freeze.jfr_info().post_jfr_event(&event, oopCont, current);)
1931     preempt_epilog(cont, res, freeze.last_frame());
1932     return res;
1933   }
1934 
1935   log_develop_trace(continuations)("chunk unavailable; transitioning to VM");
1936   assert(current == JavaThread::current(), "must be current thread");
1937   JRT_BLOCK
1938     // delays a possible JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector in alloc_chunk
1939     JvmtiSampledObjectAllocEventCollector jsoaec(false);
1940     freeze.set_jvmti_event_collector(&jsoaec);
1941 
1942     freeze_result res = fast ? freeze.try_freeze_fast() : freeze.freeze_slow();
1943 
1944     CONT_JFR_ONLY(freeze.jfr_info().post_jfr_event(&event, oopCont, current);)
1945     freeze_epilog(current, cont, res);
1946     cont.done(); // allow safepoint in the transition back to Java
1947     return res;
1948   JRT_BLOCK_END
1949 }
1950 
1951 static freeze_result is_pinned0(JavaThread* thread, oop cont_scope, bool safepoint) {
1952   ContinuationEntry* entry = thread->last_continuation();
1953   if (entry == nullptr) {
1954     return freeze_ok;
1955   }
1956   if (entry->is_pinned()) {
1957     return freeze_pinned_cs;
1958   }
1959 
1960   RegisterMap map(thread,
1961                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
1962                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
1963                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
1964   map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
1965   frame f = thread->last_frame();
1966 
1967   if (!safepoint) {
1968     f = f.sender(&map); // this is the yield frame
1969   } else { // safepoint yield
1970 #if (defined(X86) || defined(AARCH64) || defined(RISCV64)) && !defined(ZERO)
1971     f.set_fp(f.real_fp()); // Instead of this, maybe in ContinuationWrapper::set_last_frame always use the real_fp?
1972 #else
1973     Unimplemented();
1974 #endif
1975     if (!Interpreter::contains(f.pc())) {
1976       assert(ContinuationHelper::Frame::is_stub(f.cb()), "must be");
1977       assert(f.oop_map() != nullptr, "must be");
1978       f.oop_map()->update_register_map(&f, &map); // we have callee-save registers in this case
1979     }
1980   }
1981 
1982   while (true) {
1983     if ((f.is_interpreted_frame() && f.interpreter_frame_method()->is_native()) || f.is_native_frame()) {
1984       return freeze_pinned_native;
1985     }
1986 
1987     f = f.sender(&map);
1988     if (!Continuation::is_frame_in_continuation(entry, f)) {
1989       oop scope = jdk_internal_vm_Continuation::scope(entry->cont_oop(thread));
1990       if (scope == cont_scope) {
1991         break;
1992       }
1993       entry = entry->parent();
1994       if (entry == nullptr) {
1995         break;
1996       }
1997       if (entry->is_pinned()) {
1998         return freeze_pinned_cs;
1999       }
2000     }
2001   }
2002   return freeze_ok;
2003 }
2004 
2005 /////////////// THAW ////
2006 
2007 static int thaw_size(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2008   int size = chunk->max_thawing_size();
2009   size += frame::metadata_words; // For the top pc+fp in push_return_frame or top = stack_sp - frame::metadata_words in thaw_fast
2010   size += 2*frame::align_wiggle; // in case of alignments at the top and bottom
2011   return size;
2012 }
2013 
2014 // make room on the stack for thaw
2015 // returns the size in bytes, or 0 on failure
2016 static inline int prepare_thaw_internal(JavaThread* thread, bool return_barrier) {
2017   log_develop_trace(continuations)("~~~~ prepare_thaw return_barrier: %d", return_barrier);
2018 
2019   assert(thread == JavaThread::current(), "");
2020 
2021   ContinuationEntry* ce = thread->last_continuation();
2022   assert(ce != nullptr, "");
2023   oop continuation = ce->cont_oop(thread);
2024   assert(continuation == get_continuation(thread), "");
2025   verify_continuation(continuation);
2026 
2027   stackChunkOop chunk = jdk_internal_vm_Continuation::tail(continuation);
2028   assert(chunk != nullptr, "");
2029 
2030   // The tail can be empty because it might still be available for another freeze.
2031   // However, here we want to thaw, so we get rid of it (it will be GCed).
2032   if (UNLIKELY(chunk->is_empty())) {
2033     chunk = chunk->parent();
2034     assert(chunk != nullptr, "");
2035     assert(!chunk->is_empty(), "");
2036     jdk_internal_vm_Continuation::set_tail(continuation, chunk);
2037   }
2038 
2039   // Verification
2040   chunk->verify();
2041   assert(chunk->max_thawing_size() > 0, "chunk invariant violated; expected to not be empty");
2042 
2043   // Only make space for the last chunk because we only thaw from the last chunk
2044   int size = thaw_size(chunk) << LogBytesPerWord;
2045 
2046   const address bottom = (address)thread->last_continuation()->entry_sp();
2047   // 300 is an estimate for stack size taken for this native code, in addition to StackShadowPages
2048   // for the Java frames in the check below.
2049   if (!stack_overflow_check(thread, size + 300, bottom)) {
2050     return 0;
2051   }
2052 
2053   log_develop_trace(continuations)("prepare_thaw bottom: " INTPTR_FORMAT " top: " INTPTR_FORMAT " size: %d",
2054                               p2i(bottom), p2i(bottom - size), size);
2055   return size;
2056 }
2057 
2058 class ThawBase : public StackObj {
2059 protected:
2060   JavaThread* _thread;
2061   ContinuationWrapper& _cont;
2062   CONT_JFR_ONLY(FreezeThawJfrInfo _jfr_info;)
2063 
2064   intptr_t* _fastpath;
2065   bool _barriers;
2066   bool _preempted_case;
2067   bool _should_patch_caller_pc;
2068   bool _process_args_at_top;
2069   intptr_t* _top_unextended_sp_before_thaw;
2070   int _align_size;
2071   DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t* _top_stack_address;)
2072   DEBUG_ONLY(address _caller_raw_pc;)
2073 
2074   // Only used for preemption on ObjectLocker
2075   ObjectMonitor* _init_lock;
2076 
2077   StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed> _stream;
2078 
2079   NOT_PRODUCT(int _frames;)
2080 
2081 protected:
2082   ThawBase(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont) :
2083       _thread(thread), _cont(cont),
2084       _fastpath(nullptr) {
2085     DEBUG_ONLY(_top_unextended_sp_before_thaw = nullptr;)
2086     assert (cont.tail() != nullptr, "no last chunk");
2087     DEBUG_ONLY(_top_stack_address = _cont.entrySP() - thaw_size(cont.tail());)
2088   }
2089 
2090   void clear_chunk(stackChunkOop chunk);
2091   template<bool check_stub>
2092   int remove_top_compiled_frame_from_chunk(stackChunkOop chunk, int &argsize);
2093   int remove_scalarized_frames(StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::CompiledOnly>& scfs, int &argsize);
2094   void check_top_for_deoptimization(stackChunkOop chunk);
2095   void copy_from_chunk(intptr_t* from, intptr_t* to, int size);
2096 
2097   void thaw_lockstack(stackChunkOop chunk);
2098 
2099   // fast path
2100   inline void prefetch_chunk_pd(void* start, int size_words);
2101   void patch_return(intptr_t* sp, bool is_last);
2102 
2103   intptr_t* handle_preempted_continuation(intptr_t* sp, Continuation::preempt_kind preempt_kind, bool fast_case);
2104   inline intptr_t* push_cleanup_continuation();
2105   inline intptr_t* push_preempt_adapter();
2106   intptr_t* redo_vmcall(JavaThread* current, frame& top);
2107   void throw_interrupted_exception(JavaThread* current, frame& top);
2108 
2109   void recurse_thaw(const frame& heap_frame, frame& caller, int num_frames, bool top_on_preempt_case);
2110   void finish_thaw(frame& f);
2111 
2112 private:
2113   template<typename FKind> bool recurse_thaw_java_frame(frame& caller, int num_frames);
2114   void finalize_thaw(frame& entry, int argsize);
2115 
2116   inline bool seen_by_gc();
2117 
2118   inline void before_thaw_java_frame(const frame& hf, const frame& caller, bool bottom, int num_frame);
2119   inline void after_thaw_java_frame(const frame& f, bool bottom);
2120   inline void patch(frame& f, const frame& caller, bool bottom);
2121   void clear_bitmap_bits(address start, address end);
2122 
2123   NOINLINE void recurse_thaw_interpreted_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames, bool is_top);
2124   void recurse_thaw_compiled_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames, bool stub_caller);
2125   void recurse_thaw_stub_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames);
2126   void recurse_thaw_native_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames);
2127 
2128   void push_return_frame(const frame& f);
2129   inline frame new_entry_frame();
2130   template<typename FKind> frame new_stack_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, bool bottom, int size_adjust = 0);
2131   inline void patch_pd(frame& f, const frame& sender);
2132   inline void patch_pd(frame& f, intptr_t* caller_sp);
2133   inline intptr_t* align(const frame& hf, intptr_t* frame_sp, frame& caller, bool bottom);
2134 
2135   void maybe_set_fastpath(intptr_t* sp) { if (sp > _fastpath) _fastpath = sp; }
2136 
2137   static inline void derelativize_interpreted_frame_metadata(const frame& hf, const frame& f);
2138 
2139  public:
2140   CONT_JFR_ONLY(FreezeThawJfrInfo& jfr_info() { return _jfr_info; })
2141 };
2142 
2143 template <typename ConfigT>
2144 class Thaw : public ThawBase {
2145 public:
2146   Thaw(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont) : ThawBase(thread, cont) {}
2147 
2148   inline bool can_thaw_fast(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2149     return    !_barriers
2150            &&  _thread->cont_fastpath_thread_state()
2151            && !chunk->has_thaw_slowpath_condition()
2152            && !PreserveFramePointer;
2153   }
2154 
2155   inline intptr_t* thaw(Continuation::thaw_kind kind);
2156   template<bool check_stub = false>
2157   NOINLINE intptr_t* thaw_fast(stackChunkOop chunk);
2158   NOINLINE intptr_t* thaw_slow(stackChunkOop chunk, Continuation::thaw_kind kind);
2159   inline void patch_caller_links(intptr_t* sp, intptr_t* bottom);
2160 };
2161 
2162 template <typename ConfigT>
2163 inline intptr_t* Thaw<ConfigT>::thaw(Continuation::thaw_kind kind) {
2164   verify_continuation(_cont.continuation());
2165   assert(!jdk_internal_vm_Continuation::done(_cont.continuation()), "");
2166   assert(!_cont.is_empty(), "");
2167 
2168   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
2169   assert(chunk != nullptr, "guaranteed by prepare_thaw");
2170   assert(!chunk->is_empty(), "guaranteed by prepare_thaw");
2171 
2172   _barriers = chunk->requires_barriers();
2173   return (LIKELY(can_thaw_fast(chunk))) ? thaw_fast(chunk)
2174                                         : thaw_slow(chunk, kind);
2175 }
2176 
2177 class ReconstructedStack : public StackObj {
2178   intptr_t* _base;  // _cont.entrySP(); // top of the entry frame
2179   int _thaw_size;
2180   int _argsize;
2181 public:
2182   ReconstructedStack(intptr_t* base, int thaw_size, int argsize)
2183   : _base(base), _thaw_size(thaw_size - (argsize == 0 ? frame::metadata_words_at_top : 0)), _argsize(argsize) {
2184     // The only possible source of misalignment is stack-passed arguments b/c compiled frames are 16-byte aligned.
2185     assert(argsize != 0 || (_base - _thaw_size) == ContinuationHelper::frame_align_pointer(_base - _thaw_size), "");
2186     // We're at most one alignment word away from entrySP
2187     assert(_base - 1 <= top() + total_size() + frame::metadata_words_at_bottom, "missed entry frame");
2188   }
2189 
2190   int entry_frame_extension() const { return _argsize + (_argsize > 0 ? frame::metadata_words_at_top : 0); }
2191 
2192   // top and bottom stack pointers
2193   intptr_t* sp() const { return ContinuationHelper::frame_align_pointer(_base - _thaw_size); }
2194   intptr_t* bottom_sp() const { return ContinuationHelper::frame_align_pointer(_base - entry_frame_extension()); }
2195 
2196   // several operations operate on the totality of the stack being reconstructed,
2197   // including the metadata words
2198   intptr_t* top() const { return sp() - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;  }
2199   int total_size() const { return _thaw_size + frame::metadata_words_at_bottom; }
2200 };
2201 
2202 inline void ThawBase::clear_chunk(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2203   chunk->set_sp(chunk->bottom());
2204   chunk->set_max_thawing_size(0);
2205 }
2206 
2207 void ThawBase::check_top_for_deoptimization(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2208   StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::CompiledOnly> f(chunk);
2209   if (f.is_stub()) {
2210     f.next(SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args(), true /* stop */);
2211     assert(!f.is_done(), "");
2212 
2213     f.get_cb();
2214     assert(f.is_compiled(), "");
2215     if (f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_marked_for_deoptimization()) {
2216       // The caller of the runtime stub when the continuation is preempted is not at a
2217       // Java call instruction, and so cannot rely on nmethod patching for deopt.
2218       log_develop_trace(continuations)("Deoptimizing runtime stub caller");
2219       f.to_frame().deoptimize(nullptr); // the null thread simply avoids the assertion in deoptimize which we're not set up for
2220     }
2221   }
2222 }
2223 
2224 int ThawBase::remove_scalarized_frames(StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::CompiledOnly>& f, int &argsize) {
2225   intptr_t* top = f.sp();
2226 
2227   while (f.cb()->as_nmethod()->needs_stack_repair()) {
2228     f.next(SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args(), false /* stop */);
2229   }
2230   assert(!f.is_done(), "");
2231   assert(f.is_compiled(), "");
2232 
2233   intptr_t* bottom = f.sp() + f.cb()->frame_size();
2234   argsize = f.stack_argsize();
2235   return bottom - top;
2236 }
2237 
2238 template<bool check_stub>
2239 int ThawBase::remove_top_compiled_frame_from_chunk(stackChunkOop chunk, int &argsize) {
2240   bool empty = false;
2241   StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::CompiledOnly> f(chunk);
2242   DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t* const chunk_sp = chunk->start_address() + chunk->sp();)
2243   assert(chunk_sp == f.sp(), "");
2244   assert(chunk_sp == f.unextended_sp(), "");
2245 
2246   int frame_size = f.cb()->frame_size();
2247   argsize = f.stack_argsize();
2248 
2249   assert(!f.is_stub() || check_stub, "");
2250   if (check_stub && f.is_stub()) {
2251     // If we don't thaw the top compiled frame too, after restoring the saved
2252     // registers back in Java, we would hit the return barrier to thaw one more
2253     // frame effectively overwriting the restored registers during that call.
2254     f.next(SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args(), true /* stop */);
2255     assert(!f.is_done(), "");
2256 
2257     f.get_cb();
2258     assert(f.is_compiled(), "");
2259 
2260     if (f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_marked_for_deoptimization()) {
2261       // The caller of the runtime stub when the continuation is preempted is not at a
2262       // Java call instruction, and so cannot rely on nmethod patching for deopt.
2263       log_develop_trace(continuations)("Deoptimizing runtime stub caller");
2264       f.to_frame().deoptimize(nullptr); // the null thread simply avoids the assertion in deoptimize which we're not set up for
2265     }
2266 
2267     if (f.cb()->as_nmethod()->needs_stack_repair()) {
2268       frame_size += remove_scalarized_frames(f, argsize);
2269     } else {
2270       frame_size += f.cb()->frame_size();
2271       argsize = f.stack_argsize();
2272     }
2273   } else if (f.cb()->as_nmethod()->needs_stack_repair()) {
2274     frame_size = remove_scalarized_frames(f, argsize);
2275   }
2276 
2277   f.next(SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args(), true /* stop */);
2278   empty = f.is_done();
2279   assert(!empty || argsize == chunk->argsize(), "");
2280 
2281   if (empty) {
2282     clear_chunk(chunk);
2283   } else {
2284     chunk->set_sp(chunk->sp() + frame_size);
2285     chunk->set_max_thawing_size(chunk->max_thawing_size() - frame_size);
2286     // We set chunk->pc to the return pc into the next frame
2287     chunk->set_pc(f.pc());
2288 #ifdef ASSERT
2289     {
2290       intptr_t* retaddr_slot = (chunk_sp
2291                                 + frame_size
2292                                 - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset());
2293       assert(f.pc() == ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(retaddr_slot),
2294              "unexpected pc");
2295     }
2296 #endif
2297   }
2298   assert(empty == chunk->is_empty(), "");
2299   // returns the size required to store the frame on stack, and because it is a
2300   // compiled frame, it must include a copy of the arguments passed by the caller
2301   return frame_size + argsize + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
2302 }
2303 
2304 void ThawBase::thaw_lockstack(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2305   int lockStackSize = chunk->lockstack_size();
2306   assert(lockStackSize > 0 && lockStackSize <= LockStack::CAPACITY, "");
2307 
2308   oop tmp_lockstack[LockStack::CAPACITY];
2309   chunk->transfer_lockstack(tmp_lockstack, _barriers);
2310   _thread->lock_stack().move_from_address(tmp_lockstack, lockStackSize);
2311 
2312   chunk->set_lockstack_size(0);
2313   chunk->set_has_lockstack(false);
2314 }
2315 
2316 void ThawBase::copy_from_chunk(intptr_t* from, intptr_t* to, int size) {
2317   assert(to >= _top_stack_address, "overwrote past thawing space"
2318     " to: " INTPTR_FORMAT " top_address: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(to), p2i(_top_stack_address));
2319   assert(to + size <= _cont.entrySP(), "overwrote past thawing space");
2320   _cont.tail()->copy_from_chunk_to_stack(from, to, size);
2321   CONT_JFR_ONLY(_jfr_info.record_size_copied(size);)
2322 }
2323 
2324 void ThawBase::patch_return(intptr_t* sp, bool is_last) {
2325   log_develop_trace(continuations)("thaw_fast patching -- sp: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(sp));
2326 
2327   address pc = !is_last ? StubRoutines::cont_returnBarrier() : _cont.entryPC();
2328   ContinuationHelper::patch_return_address_at(
2329     sp - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset(),
2330     pc);
2331 }
2332 
2333 template <typename ConfigT>
2334 template<bool check_stub>
2335 NOINLINE intptr_t* Thaw<ConfigT>::thaw_fast(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2336   assert(chunk == _cont.tail(), "");
2337   assert(!chunk->has_mixed_frames(), "");
2338   assert(!chunk->requires_barriers(), "");
2339   assert(!chunk->has_bitmap(), "");
2340   assert(!_thread->is_interp_only_mode(), "");
2341 
2342   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
2343   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
2344     LogStream ls(lt);
2345     ls.print_cr("thaw_fast");
2346     chunk->print_on(true, &ls);
2347   }
2348 
2349   // Below this heuristic, we thaw the whole chunk, above it we thaw just one frame.
2350   static const int threshold = 500; // words
2351 
2352   const int full_chunk_size = chunk->stack_size() - chunk->sp(); // this initial size could be reduced if it's a partial thaw
2353   int argsize, thaw_size;
2354 
2355   intptr_t* const chunk_sp = chunk->start_address() + chunk->sp();
2356 
2357   bool partial, empty;
2358   if (LIKELY(!ForceSingleFrameThaw && (full_chunk_size < threshold))) {
2359     prefetch_chunk_pd(chunk->start_address(), full_chunk_size); // prefetch anticipating memcpy starting at highest address
2360 
2361     if (check_stub) {
2362       check_top_for_deoptimization(chunk);
2363     }
2364     partial = false;
2365     argsize = chunk->argsize(); // must be called *before* clearing the chunk
2366     clear_chunk(chunk);
2367     thaw_size = full_chunk_size;
2368     empty = true;
2369   } else { // thaw a single frame
2370     partial = true;
2371     thaw_size = remove_top_compiled_frame_from_chunk<check_stub>(chunk, argsize);
2372     empty = chunk->is_empty();
2373   }
2374 
2375   // Are we thawing the last frame(s) in the continuation
2376   const bool is_last = empty && chunk->parent() == nullptr;
2377   assert(!is_last || argsize == 0, "");
2378 
2379   log_develop_trace(continuations)("thaw_fast partial: %d is_last: %d empty: %d size: %d argsize: %d entrySP: " PTR_FORMAT,
2380                               partial, is_last, empty, thaw_size, argsize, p2i(_cont.entrySP()));
2381 
2382   ReconstructedStack rs(_cont.entrySP(), thaw_size, argsize);
2383 
2384   // also copy metadata words at frame bottom
2385   copy_from_chunk(chunk_sp - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom, rs.top(), rs.total_size());
2386 
2387   // update the ContinuationEntry
2388   _cont.set_argsize(argsize);
2389   log_develop_trace(continuations)("setting entry argsize: %d", _cont.argsize());
2390   assert(rs.bottom_sp() == _cont.entry()->bottom_sender_sp(), "");
2391 
2392   // install the return barrier if not last frame, or the entry's pc if last
2393   patch_return(rs.bottom_sp(), is_last);
2394 
2395   // insert the back links from callee to caller frames
2396   patch_caller_links(rs.top(), rs.top() + rs.total_size());
2397 
2398   assert(is_last == _cont.is_empty(), "");
2399   assert(_cont.chunk_invariant(), "");
2400 
2401 #if CONT_JFR
2402   EventContinuationThawFast e;
2403   if (e.should_commit()) {
2404     e.set_id(cast_from_oop<u8>(chunk));
2405     e.set_size(thaw_size << LogBytesPerWord);
2406     e.set_full(!partial);
2407     e.commit();
2408   }
2409 #endif
2410 
2411 #ifdef ASSERT
2412   if (LoomDeoptAfterThaw) {
2413     frame top(rs.sp());
2414     AnchorMark am(_thread, top);
2415     log_frames(_thread);
2416     do_deopt_after_thaw(_thread);
2417   }
2418 #endif
2419 
2420   return rs.sp();
2421 }
2422 
2423 inline bool ThawBase::seen_by_gc() {
2424   return _barriers || _cont.tail()->is_gc_mode();
2425 }
2426 
2427 static inline void relativize_chunk_concurrently(stackChunkOop chunk) {
2428 #if INCLUDE_ZGC || INCLUDE_SHENANDOAHGC
2429   if (UseZGC || UseShenandoahGC) {
2430     chunk->relativize_derived_pointers_concurrently();
2431   }
2432 #endif
2433 }
2434 
2435 template <typename ConfigT>
2436 NOINLINE intptr_t* Thaw<ConfigT>::thaw_slow(stackChunkOop chunk, Continuation::thaw_kind kind) {
2437   Continuation::preempt_kind preempt_kind;
2438   bool retry_fast_path = false;
2439 
2440   _process_args_at_top = false;
2441   _preempted_case = chunk->preempted();
2442   if (_preempted_case) {
2443     ObjectMonitor* mon = nullptr;
2444     ObjectWaiter* waiter = java_lang_VirtualThread::objectWaiter(_thread->vthread());
2445     if (waiter != nullptr) {
2446       // Mounted again after preemption. Resume the pending monitor operation,
2447       // which will be either a monitorenter or Object.wait() call.
2448       mon = waiter->monitor();
2449       preempt_kind = waiter->is_wait() ? Continuation::object_wait : Continuation::monitorenter;
2450 
2451       bool mon_acquired = mon->resume_operation(_thread, waiter, _cont);
2452       assert(!mon_acquired || mon->has_owner(_thread), "invariant");
2453       if (!mon_acquired) {
2454         // Failed to acquire monitor. Return to enterSpecial to unmount again.
2455         log_develop_trace(continuations, preempt)("Failed to acquire monitor, unmounting again");
2456         return push_cleanup_continuation();
2457       }
2458       chunk = _cont.tail();  // reload oop in case of safepoint in resume_operation (if posting JVMTI events).
2459       JVMTI_ONLY(assert(_thread->contended_entered_monitor() == nullptr || _thread->contended_entered_monitor() == mon, ""));
2460     } else {
2461       // Preemption cancelled on moniterenter or ObjectLocker case. We
2462       // actually acquired the monitor after freezing all frames so no
2463       // need to call resume_operation. If this is the ObjectLocker case
2464       // we released the monitor already at ~ObjectLocker, so _init_lock
2465       // will be set to nullptr below since there is no monitor to release.
2466       preempt_kind = Continuation::monitorenter;
2467     }
2468 
2469     // Call this first to avoid racing with GC threads later when modifying the chunk flags.
2470     relativize_chunk_concurrently(chunk);
2471 
2472     if (chunk->at_klass_init()) {
2473       preempt_kind = Continuation::object_locker;
2474       chunk->set_at_klass_init(false);
2475       _process_args_at_top = chunk->has_args_at_top();
2476       if (_process_args_at_top) {
2477         // Only needed for the top frame which will be thawed.
2478         chunk->set_has_args_at_top(false);
2479       }
2480       assert(waiter == nullptr || mon != nullptr, "should have a monitor");
2481       _init_lock = mon;  // remember monitor since we will need it on handle_preempted_continuation()
2482     }
2483     chunk->set_preempted(false);
2484     retry_fast_path = true;
2485   } else {
2486     relativize_chunk_concurrently(chunk);
2487   }
2488 
2489   // On first thaw after freeze restore oops to the lockstack if any.
2490   assert(chunk->lockstack_size() == 0 || kind == Continuation::thaw_top, "");
2491   if (kind == Continuation::thaw_top && chunk->lockstack_size() > 0) {
2492     thaw_lockstack(chunk);
2493     retry_fast_path = true;
2494   }
2495 
2496   // Retry the fast path now that we possibly cleared the FLAG_HAS_LOCKSTACK
2497   // and FLAG_PREEMPTED flags from the stackChunk.
2498   if (retry_fast_path && can_thaw_fast(chunk)) {
2499     intptr_t* sp = thaw_fast<true>(chunk);
2500     if (_preempted_case) {
2501       return handle_preempted_continuation(sp, preempt_kind, true /* fast_case */);
2502     }
2503     return sp;
2504   }
2505 
2506   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
2507   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
2508     LogStream ls(lt);
2509     ls.print_cr("thaw slow return_barrier: %d " INTPTR_FORMAT, kind, p2i(chunk));
2510     chunk->print_on(true, &ls);
2511   }
2512 
2513 #if CONT_JFR
2514   EventContinuationThawSlow e;
2515   if (e.should_commit()) {
2516     e.set_id(cast_from_oop<u8>(_cont.continuation()));
2517     e.commit();
2518   }
2519 #endif
2520 
2521   DEBUG_ONLY(_frames = 0;)
2522   _align_size = 0;
2523   int num_frames = kind == Continuation::thaw_top ? 2 : 1;
2524 
2525   _stream = StackChunkFrameStream<ChunkFrames::Mixed>(chunk);
2526   _top_unextended_sp_before_thaw = _stream.unextended_sp();
2527 
2528   frame heap_frame = _stream.to_frame();
2529   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
2530     LogStream ls(lt);
2531     ls.print_cr("top hframe before (thaw):");
2532     assert(heap_frame.is_heap_frame(), "should have created a relative frame");
2533     heap_frame.print_value_on(&ls);
2534   }
2535 
2536   frame caller; // the thawed caller on the stack
2537   _should_patch_caller_pc = false;
2538   recurse_thaw(heap_frame, caller, num_frames, _preempted_case);
2539   finish_thaw(caller); // caller is now the topmost thawed frame
2540   _cont.write();
2541 
2542   assert(_cont.chunk_invariant(), "");
2543 
2544   JVMTI_ONLY(if (!_cont.entry()->is_virtual_thread()) invalidate_jvmti_stack(_thread));
2545 
2546   _thread->set_cont_fastpath(_fastpath);
2547 
2548   intptr_t* sp = caller.sp();
2549 
2550   if (_preempted_case) {
2551     return handle_preempted_continuation(sp, preempt_kind, false /* fast_case */);
2552   }
2553   return sp;
2554 }
2555 
2556 void ThawBase::recurse_thaw(const frame& heap_frame, frame& caller, int num_frames, bool top_on_preempt_case) {
2557   log_develop_debug(continuations)("thaw num_frames: %d", num_frames);
2558   assert(!_cont.is_empty(), "no more frames");
2559   assert(num_frames > 0, "");
2560   assert(!heap_frame.is_empty(), "");
2561 
2562   if (top_on_preempt_case && (heap_frame.is_native_frame() || heap_frame.is_runtime_frame())) {
2563     heap_frame.is_native_frame() ? recurse_thaw_native_frame(heap_frame, caller, 2) : recurse_thaw_stub_frame(heap_frame, caller, 2);
2564   } else if (!heap_frame.is_interpreted_frame()) {
2565     recurse_thaw_compiled_frame(heap_frame, caller, num_frames, false);
2566   } else {
2567     recurse_thaw_interpreted_frame(heap_frame, caller, num_frames, top_on_preempt_case);
2568   }
2569 }
2570 
2571 template<typename FKind>
2572 bool ThawBase::recurse_thaw_java_frame(frame& caller, int num_frames) {
2573   assert(num_frames > 0, "");
2574 
2575   DEBUG_ONLY(_frames++;)
2576 
2577   int argsize = _stream.stack_argsize();
2578   CodeBlob* cb = _stream.cb();
2579 
2580   _stream.next(SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
2581   assert(_stream.to_frame().is_empty() == _stream.is_done(), "");
2582 
2583   // We never leave a compiled caller of an interpreted frame as the top frame in the chunk
2584   // as it makes detecting that situation and adjusting unextended_sp tricky. We also always
2585   // thaw the caller of a frame that needs_stack_repair, as it would otherwise complicate things:
2586   // - Regardless of whether the frame was extended or not, we would need to copy the right arg
2587   //   size if its greater than the one given by the normal method signature (non-scalarized).
2588   // - If the frame was indeed extended, leaving its caller as the top frame would complicate walking
2589   //   the chunk (we need unextended_sp, but we only have sp).
2590   if (num_frames == 1 && !_stream.is_done() && ((FKind::interpreted && _stream.is_compiled()) || (FKind::compiled && cb->as_nmethod_or_null()->needs_stack_repair()))) {
2591     log_develop_trace(continuations)("thawing extra compiled frame to not leave a compiled interpreted-caller at top");
2592     num_frames++;
2593   }
2594 
2595   if (num_frames == 1 || _stream.is_done()) { // end recursion
2596     finalize_thaw(caller, FKind::interpreted ? 0 : argsize);
2597     return true; // bottom
2598   } else { // recurse
2599     recurse_thaw(_stream.to_frame(), caller, num_frames - 1, false /* top_on_preempt_case */);
2600     return false;
2601   }
2602 }
2603 
2604 void ThawBase::finalize_thaw(frame& entry, int argsize) {
2605   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
2606 
2607   if (!_stream.is_done()) {
2608     assert(_stream.sp() >= chunk->sp_address(), "");
2609     chunk->set_sp(chunk->to_offset(_stream.sp()));
2610     chunk->set_pc(_stream.pc());
2611   } else {
2612     chunk->set_sp(chunk->bottom());
2613     chunk->set_pc(nullptr);
2614   }
2615   assert(_stream.is_done() == chunk->is_empty(), "");
2616 
2617   int total_thawed = pointer_delta_as_int(_stream.unextended_sp(), _top_unextended_sp_before_thaw);
2618   chunk->set_max_thawing_size(chunk->max_thawing_size() - total_thawed);
2619 
2620   _cont.set_argsize(argsize);
2621   entry = new_entry_frame();
2622 
2623   assert(entry.sp() == _cont.entrySP(), "");
2624   assert(Continuation::is_continuation_enterSpecial(entry), "");
2625   assert(_cont.is_entry_frame(entry), "");
2626   assert(entry.pc() == entry.raw_pc(), "");
2627   DEBUG_ONLY(_caller_raw_pc = entry.pc();)
2628 }
2629 
2630 inline void ThawBase::before_thaw_java_frame(const frame& hf, const frame& caller, bool bottom, int num_frame) {
2631   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
2632   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
2633     LogStream ls(lt);
2634     ls.print_cr("======== THAWING FRAME: %d", num_frame);
2635     assert(hf.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
2636     hf.print_value_on(&ls);
2637   }
2638   assert(bottom == _cont.is_entry_frame(caller), "bottom: %d is_entry_frame: %d", bottom, _cont.is_entry_frame(hf));
2639 }
2640 
2641 inline void ThawBase::after_thaw_java_frame(const frame& f, bool bottom) {
2642 #ifdef ASSERT
2643   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
2644   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
2645     LogStream ls(lt);
2646     ls.print_cr("thawed frame:");
2647     print_frame_layout(f, false, &ls); // f.print_on(&ls);
2648   }
2649 #endif
2650 }
2651 
2652 inline void ThawBase::patch(frame& f, const frame& caller, bool bottom) {
2653   assert(!bottom || caller.fp() == _cont.entryFP(), "");
2654   if (bottom) {
2655     ContinuationHelper::Frame::patch_pc(caller, _cont.is_empty() ? caller.pc()
2656                                                                  : StubRoutines::cont_returnBarrier());
2657   } else if (_should_patch_caller_pc) {
2658     // Caller was deoptimized during thaw but we've overwritten the return address when copying f from the heap.
2659     // Also, on some platforms, if the caller is interpreted but the callee not we also need to patch.
2660 
2661 #if defined(PPC64) || defined(S390)
2662     assert(caller.is_deoptimized_frame() || caller.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
2663 #else
2664     assert(caller.is_deoptimized_frame(), "");
2665 #endif
2666 
2667     ContinuationHelper::Frame::patch_pc(caller, caller.raw_pc());
2668     _should_patch_caller_pc = false;
2669   }
2670 
2671   patch_pd(f, caller);
2672 
2673   if (f.is_interpreted_frame()) {
2674     ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::patch_sender_sp(f, caller);
2675   }
2676 
2677   assert(!bottom || !_cont.is_empty() || Continuation::is_continuation_entry_frame(f, nullptr), "");
2678   assert(!bottom || (_cont.is_empty() != Continuation::is_cont_barrier_frame(f)), "");
2679   assert(!caller.is_compiled_frame() || verify_deopt_state(caller), "");
2680 }
2681 
2682 void ThawBase::clear_bitmap_bits(address start, address end) {
2683   assert(is_aligned(start, wordSize), "should be aligned: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(start));
2684   assert(is_aligned(end, VMRegImpl::stack_slot_size), "should be aligned: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(end));
2685 
2686   // we need to clear the bits that correspond to arguments as they reside in the caller frame
2687   // or they will keep objects that are otherwise unreachable alive.
2688 
2689   // Align `end` if UseCompressedOops is not set to avoid UB when calculating the bit index, since
2690   // `end` could be at an odd number of stack slots from `start`, i.e might not be oop aligned.
2691   // If that's the case the bit range corresponding to the last stack slot should not have bits set
2692   // anyways and we assert that before returning.
2693   address effective_end = UseCompressedOops ? end : align_down(end, wordSize);
2694   log_develop_trace(continuations)("clearing bitmap for " INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(start), p2i(effective_end));
2695   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
2696   chunk->bitmap().clear_range(chunk->bit_index_for(start), chunk->bit_index_for(effective_end));
2697   assert(effective_end == end || !chunk->bitmap().at(chunk->bit_index_for(effective_end)), "bit should not be set");
2698 }
2699 
2700 intptr_t* ThawBase::handle_preempted_continuation(intptr_t* sp, Continuation::preempt_kind preempt_kind, bool fast_case) {
2701   frame top(sp);
2702   assert(top.pc() == ContinuationHelper::return_address_at(sp - frame::sender_sp_ret_address_offset()), "");
2703   DEBUG_ONLY(verify_frame_kind(top, preempt_kind);)
2704   NOT_PRODUCT(int64_t tid = _thread->monitor_owner_id();)
2705 
2706   // Finish the VTMS transition.
2707   assert(_thread->is_in_vthread_transition(), "must be");
2708   bool is_vthread = Continuation::continuation_scope(_cont.continuation()) == java_lang_VirtualThread::vthread_scope();
2709   if (is_vthread) {
2710 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
2711     if (MountUnmountDisabler::notify_jvmti_events()) {
2712       jvmti_mount_end(_thread, _cont, top, preempt_kind);
2713     } else
2714 #endif
2715     { // Faster version of MountUnmountDisabler::end_transition() to avoid
2716       // unnecessary extra instructions from jvmti_mount_end().
2717       java_lang_Thread::set_is_in_vthread_transition(_thread->vthread(), false);
2718       _thread->set_is_in_vthread_transition(false);
2719     }
2720   }
2721 
2722   if (fast_case) {
2723     // If we thawed in the slow path the runtime stub/native wrapper frame already
2724     // has the correct fp (see ThawBase::new_stack_frame). On the fast path though,
2725     // we copied the fp patched during freeze, which will now have to be fixed.
2726     assert(top.is_runtime_frame() || top.is_native_frame(), "");
2727     int fsize = top.cb()->frame_size();
2728     patch_pd(top, sp + fsize);
2729   }
2730 
2731   if (preempt_kind == Continuation::object_wait) {
2732     // Check now if we need to throw IE exception.
2733     bool throw_ie = _thread->pending_interrupted_exception();
2734     if (throw_ie) {
2735       throw_interrupted_exception(_thread, top);
2736       _thread->set_pending_interrupted_exception(false);
2737     }
2738     log_develop_trace(continuations, preempt)("Resuming " INT64_FORMAT" after preemption on Object.wait%s", tid, throw_ie ? "(throwing IE)" : "");
2739   } else if (preempt_kind == Continuation::monitorenter) {
2740     if (top.is_runtime_frame()) {
2741       // The continuation might now run on a different platform thread than the previous time so
2742       // we need to adjust the current thread saved in the stub frame before restoring registers.
2743       JavaThread** thread_addr = frame::saved_thread_address(top);
2744       if (thread_addr != nullptr) *thread_addr = _thread;
2745     }
2746     log_develop_trace(continuations, preempt)("Resuming " INT64_FORMAT " after preemption on monitorenter", tid);
2747   } else {
2748     // We need to redo the original call into the VM. First though, we need
2749     // to exit the monitor we just acquired (except on preemption cancelled
2750     // case where it was already released).
2751     assert(preempt_kind == Continuation::object_locker, "");
2752     if (_init_lock != nullptr) _init_lock->exit(_thread);
2753     sp = redo_vmcall(_thread, top);
2754   }
2755   return sp;
2756 }
2757 
2758 intptr_t* ThawBase::redo_vmcall(JavaThread* current, frame& top) {
2759   assert(!current->preempting(), "");
2760   NOT_PRODUCT(int64_t tid = current->monitor_owner_id();)
2761   intptr_t* sp = top.sp();
2762 
2763   {
2764     HandleMarkCleaner hmc(current);  // Cleanup all handles (including so._conth) before returning to Java.
2765     ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(current, _cont);
2766     AnchorMark am(current, top);    // Set the anchor so that the stack is walkable.
2767 
2768     Method* m = top.interpreter_frame_method();
2769     Bytecode current_bytecode = Bytecode(m, top.interpreter_frame_bcp());
2770     Bytecodes::Code code = current_bytecode.code();
2771     log_develop_trace(continuations, preempt)("Redoing InterpreterRuntime::%s for " INT64_FORMAT, code == Bytecodes::Code::_new ? "_new" : "resolve_from_cache", tid);
2772 
2773     // These InterpreterRuntime entry points use JRT_ENTRY which uses a HandleMarkCleaner.
2774     // Create a HandeMark to avoid destroying so._conth.
2775     HandleMark hm(current);
2776     DEBUG_ONLY(JavaThread::AtRedoVMCall apvmc(current);)
2777     if (code == Bytecodes::Code::_new) {
2778       InterpreterRuntime::_new(current, m->constants(), current_bytecode.get_index_u2(code));
2779     } else {
2780       InterpreterRuntime::resolve_from_cache(current, code);
2781     }
2782   }
2783 
2784   if (current->preempting()) {
2785     // Preempted again so we just arrange to return to preempt stub to unmount.
2786     sp = push_preempt_adapter();
2787     current->set_preempt_alternate_return(nullptr);
2788     bool cancelled = current->preemption_cancelled();
2789     if (cancelled) {
2790       // Since preemption was cancelled, the thread will call thaw again from the preempt
2791       // stub. These retries could happen several times due to contention on the init_lock,
2792       // so just let the vthread umount to give a chance for other vthreads to run.
2793       current->set_preemption_cancelled(false);
2794       oop vthread = current->vthread();
2795       assert(java_lang_VirtualThread::state(vthread) == java_lang_VirtualThread::RUNNING, "wrong state for vthread");
2796       java_lang_VirtualThread::set_state(vthread, java_lang_VirtualThread::YIELDING);
2797 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
2798       if (current->contended_entered_monitor() != nullptr) {
2799         current->set_contended_entered_monitor(nullptr);
2800       }
2801 #endif
2802     }
2803     log_develop_trace(continuations, preempt)("Preempted " INT64_FORMAT " again%s", tid, cancelled ? "(preemption cancelled, setting state to YIELDING)" : "");
2804   } else {
2805     log_develop_trace(continuations, preempt)("Call succesful, resuming " INT64_FORMAT, tid);
2806   }
2807   return sp;
2808 }
2809 
2810 void ThawBase::throw_interrupted_exception(JavaThread* current, frame& top) {
2811   HandleMarkCleaner hm(current);  // Cleanup all handles (including so._conth) before returning to Java.
2812   ContinuationWrapper::SafepointOp so(current, _cont);
2813   AnchorMark am(current, top);  // Set the anchor so that the stack is walkable.
2814   JRT_BLOCK
2815     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InterruptedException());
2816   JRT_BLOCK_END
2817 }
2818 
2819 NOINLINE void ThawBase::recurse_thaw_interpreted_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames, bool is_top) {
2820   assert(hf.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
2821 
2822   if (UNLIKELY(seen_by_gc())) {
2823     if (is_top && _process_args_at_top) {
2824       _cont.tail()->do_barriers<stackChunkOopDesc::BarrierType::Store>(_stream, SmallRegisterMap::instance_with_args());
2825     } else {
2826       _cont.tail()->do_barriers<stackChunkOopDesc::BarrierType::Store>(_stream, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
2827     }
2828   }
2829 
2830   const bool is_bottom_frame = recurse_thaw_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame>(caller, num_frames);
2831 
2832   DEBUG_ONLY(before_thaw_java_frame(hf, caller, is_bottom_frame, num_frames);)
2833 
2834   _align_size += frame::align_wiggle; // possible added alignment for internal interpreted frame alignment om AArch64
2835 
2836   frame f = new_stack_frame<ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame>(hf, caller, is_bottom_frame);
2837 
2838   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = f.sp() + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
2839   intptr_t* const stack_frame_bottom = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_bottom(f);
2840   intptr_t* const heap_frame_top = hf.unextended_sp() + frame::metadata_words_at_top;
2841   intptr_t* const heap_frame_bottom = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::frame_bottom(hf);
2842 
2843   assert(hf.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
2844   assert(!f.is_heap_frame(), "should not be");
2845 
2846   const int fsize = pointer_delta_as_int(heap_frame_bottom, heap_frame_top);
2847   assert((stack_frame_bottom == stack_frame_top + fsize), "");
2848 
2849   // Some architectures (like AArch64/PPC64/RISC-V) add padding between the locals and the fixed_frame to keep the fp 16-byte-aligned.
2850   // On those architectures we freeze the padding in order to keep the same fp-relative offsets in the fixed_frame.
2851   copy_from_chunk(heap_frame_top, stack_frame_top, fsize);
2852 
2853   // Make sure the relativized locals is already set.
2854   assert(f.interpreter_frame_local_at(0) == stack_frame_bottom - 1, "invalid frame bottom");
2855 
2856   derelativize_interpreted_frame_metadata(hf, f);
2857   patch(f, caller, is_bottom_frame);
2858 
2859   assert(f.is_interpreted_frame_valid(_cont.thread()), "invalid thawed frame");
2860   assert(stack_frame_bottom <= ContinuationHelper::Frame::frame_top(caller), "");
2861 
2862   CONT_JFR_ONLY(_jfr_info.record_interpreted_frame();)
2863 
2864   maybe_set_fastpath(f.sp());
2865 
2866   Method* m = hf.interpreter_frame_method();
2867   assert(!m->is_native() || !is_bottom_frame, "should be top frame of thaw_top case; missing caller frame");
2868   const int locals = m->max_locals();
2869 
2870   if (!is_bottom_frame) {
2871     // can only fix caller once this frame is thawed (due to callee saved regs)
2872     _cont.tail()->fix_thawed_frame(caller, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
2873   } else if (_cont.tail()->has_bitmap() && locals > 0) {
2874     assert(hf.is_heap_frame(), "should be");
2875     address start = (address)(heap_frame_bottom - locals);
2876     address end = (address)heap_frame_bottom;
2877     clear_bitmap_bits(start, end);
2878   }
2879 
2880   DEBUG_ONLY(after_thaw_java_frame(f, is_bottom_frame);)
2881   DEBUG_ONLY(address return_pc = ContinuationHelper::InterpretedFrame::return_pc(f);)
2882   assert(return_pc == _caller_raw_pc || (is_bottom_frame && return_pc == StubRoutines::cont_returnBarrier()), "wrong return pc");
2883   assert(f.pc() == f.raw_pc(), "");
2884   DEBUG_ONLY(_caller_raw_pc = f.pc();)
2885   caller = f;
2886 }
2887 
2888 void ThawBase::recurse_thaw_compiled_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames, bool stub_caller) {
2889   assert(hf.is_compiled_frame(), "");
2890   assert(_preempted_case || !stub_caller, "stub caller not at preemption");
2891 
2892   if (!stub_caller && UNLIKELY(seen_by_gc())) { // recurse_thaw_stub_frame already invoked our barriers with a full regmap
2893     _cont.tail()->do_barriers<stackChunkOopDesc::BarrierType::Store>(_stream, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
2894   }
2895 
2896   const bool is_bottom_frame = recurse_thaw_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame>(caller, num_frames);
2897 
2898   DEBUG_ONLY(before_thaw_java_frame(hf, caller, is_bottom_frame, num_frames);)
2899 
2900   assert(caller.sp() == caller.unextended_sp(), "");
2901 
2902   if ((!is_bottom_frame && caller.is_interpreted_frame()) || (is_bottom_frame && Interpreter::contains(_cont.tail()->pc()))) {
2903     _align_size += frame::align_wiggle; // we add one whether or not we've aligned because we add it in recurse_freeze_compiled_frame
2904   }
2905 
2906   int fsize = 0;
2907   int added_argsize = 0;
2908   bool augmented = hf.was_augmented_on_entry(fsize);
2909   if (!augmented) {
2910     added_argsize = (is_bottom_frame || caller.is_interpreted_frame()) ? hf.compiled_frame_stack_argsize() : 0;
2911     fsize += added_argsize;
2912   }
2913   assert(!is_bottom_frame || !augmented, "");
2914 
2915   // new_stack_frame must construct the resulting frame using hf.pc() rather than hf.raw_pc() because the frame is not
2916   // yet laid out in the stack, and so the original_pc is not stored in it.
2917   // As a result, f.is_deoptimized_frame() is always false and we must test hf to know if the frame is deoptimized.
2918   frame f = new_stack_frame<ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame>(hf, caller, is_bottom_frame, augmented ? fsize - hf.cb()->frame_size() : 0);
2919   assert((int)(caller.sp() - f.sp()) == (augmented ? fsize : f.cb()->frame_size()), "");
2920 
2921   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = f.sp();
2922   intptr_t* const heap_frame_top = hf.unextended_sp();
2923   intptr_t* from = heap_frame_top - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
2924   intptr_t* to   = stack_frame_top - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
2925   // copy metadata, except the metadata at the top of the (unextended) entry frame
2926   int sz = fsize + frame::metadata_words_at_bottom + (is_bottom_frame && added_argsize == 0 ? 0 : frame::metadata_words_at_top);
2927 
2928   // If we're the bottom-most thawed frame, we're writing to within one word from entrySP
2929   // (we might have one padding word for alignment)
2930   assert(!is_bottom_frame || (_cont.entrySP() - 1 <= to + sz && to + sz <= _cont.entrySP()), "");
2931   assert(!is_bottom_frame || hf.compiled_frame_stack_argsize() != 0 || (to + sz && to + sz == _cont.entrySP()), "");
2932 
2933   copy_from_chunk(from, to, sz); // copying good oops because we invoked barriers above
2934 
2935   patch(f, caller, is_bottom_frame);
2936 
2937   // f.is_deoptimized_frame() is always false and we must test hf.is_deoptimized_frame() (see comment above)
2938   assert(!f.is_deoptimized_frame(), "");
2939   if (hf.is_deoptimized_frame()) {
2940     maybe_set_fastpath(f.sp());
2941     f.set_deoptimized();
2942   } else if (_thread->is_interp_only_mode()
2943               || (stub_caller && f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_marked_for_deoptimization())) {
2944     // The caller of the safepoint stub when the continuation is preempted is not at a call instruction, and so
2945     // cannot rely on nmethod patching for deopt.
2946     assert(_thread->is_interp_only_mode() || stub_caller, "expected a stub-caller");
2947 
2948     log_develop_trace(continuations)("Deoptimizing thawed frame");
2949     DEBUG_ONLY(ContinuationHelper::Frame::patch_pc(f, nullptr));
2950 
2951     f.deoptimize(nullptr); // the null thread simply avoids the assertion in deoptimize which we're not set up for
2952     assert(f.is_deoptimized_frame(), "");
2953     assert(ContinuationHelper::Frame::is_deopt_return(f.raw_pc(), f), "");
2954     maybe_set_fastpath(f.sp());
2955     assert(!_should_patch_caller_pc, "");
2956     _should_patch_caller_pc = true;
2957   }
2958 
2959   if (!is_bottom_frame) {
2960     // can only fix caller once this frame is thawed (due to callee saved regs); this happens on the stack
2961     _cont.tail()->fix_thawed_frame(caller, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
2962   } else if (_cont.tail()->has_bitmap() && added_argsize > 0) {
2963     address start = (address)(heap_frame_top + ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::size(hf) + frame::metadata_words_at_top);
2964     int stack_args_slots = f.cb()->as_nmethod()->num_stack_arg_slots(false /* rounded */);
2965     int argsize_in_bytes = stack_args_slots * VMRegImpl::stack_slot_size;
2966     clear_bitmap_bits(start, start + argsize_in_bytes);
2967   }
2968 
2969   DEBUG_ONLY(after_thaw_java_frame(f, is_bottom_frame);)
2970   DEBUG_ONLY(address return_pc = ContinuationHelper::CompiledFrame::return_pc(f);)
2971   assert(return_pc == _caller_raw_pc || (is_bottom_frame && return_pc == StubRoutines::cont_returnBarrier()), "wrong return pc");
2972   DEBUG_ONLY(_caller_raw_pc = f.raw_pc();)
2973   caller = f;
2974 }
2975 
2976 void ThawBase::recurse_thaw_stub_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames) {
2977   DEBUG_ONLY(_frames++;)
2978 
2979   if (UNLIKELY(seen_by_gc())) {
2980     // Process the stub's caller here since we might need the full map.
2981     RegisterMap map(nullptr,
2982                     RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
2983                     RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
2984                     RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
2985     map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
2986     _stream.next(&map);
2987     assert(!_stream.is_done(), "");
2988     _cont.tail()->do_barriers<stackChunkOopDesc::BarrierType::Store>(_stream, &map);
2989   } else {
2990     _stream.next(SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
2991     assert(!_stream.is_done(), "");
2992   }
2993 
2994   recurse_thaw_compiled_frame(_stream.to_frame(), caller, num_frames, true);
2995 
2996   assert(caller.is_compiled_frame(), "");
2997   assert(caller.sp() == caller.unextended_sp(), "");
2998 
2999   DEBUG_ONLY(before_thaw_java_frame(hf, caller, false /*is_bottom_frame*/, num_frames);)
3000 
3001   frame f = new_stack_frame<ContinuationHelper::StubFrame>(hf, caller, false);
3002   intptr_t* stack_frame_top = f.sp();
3003   intptr_t* heap_frame_top = hf.sp();
3004   int fsize = ContinuationHelper::StubFrame::size(hf);
3005 
3006   copy_from_chunk(heap_frame_top - frame::metadata_words, stack_frame_top - frame::metadata_words,
3007                   fsize + frame::metadata_words);
3008 
3009   patch(f, caller, false /*is_bottom_frame*/);
3010 
3011   // can only fix caller once this frame is thawed (due to callee saved regs)
3012   RegisterMap map(nullptr,
3013                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
3014                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
3015                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
3016   map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
3017   f.oop_map()->update_register_map(&f, &map);
3018   ContinuationHelper::update_register_map_with_callee(caller, &map);
3019   _cont.tail()->fix_thawed_frame(caller, &map);
3020 
3021   DEBUG_ONLY(after_thaw_java_frame(f, false /*is_bottom_frame*/);)
3022   assert(ContinuationHelper::StubFrame::return_pc(f) == _caller_raw_pc, "wrong return pc");
3023   caller = f;
3024 }
3025 
3026 void ThawBase::recurse_thaw_native_frame(const frame& hf, frame& caller, int num_frames) {
3027   assert(hf.is_native_frame(), "");
3028   assert(_preempted_case && hf.cb()->as_nmethod()->method()->is_object_wait0(), "");
3029 
3030   if (UNLIKELY(seen_by_gc())) { // recurse_thaw_stub_frame already invoked our barriers with a full regmap
3031     _cont.tail()->do_barriers<stackChunkOopDesc::BarrierType::Store>(_stream, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
3032   }
3033 
3034   const bool is_bottom_frame = recurse_thaw_java_frame<ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame>(caller, num_frames);
3035   assert(!is_bottom_frame, "");
3036 
3037   DEBUG_ONLY(before_thaw_java_frame(hf, caller, is_bottom_frame, num_frames);)
3038 
3039   assert(caller.sp() == caller.unextended_sp(), "");
3040 
3041   if (caller.is_interpreted_frame()) {
3042     _align_size += frame::align_wiggle; // we add one whether or not we've aligned because we add it in recurse_freeze_native_frame
3043   }
3044 
3045   // new_stack_frame must construct the resulting frame using hf.pc() rather than hf.raw_pc() because the frame is not
3046   // yet laid out in the stack, and so the original_pc is not stored in it.
3047   // As a result, f.is_deoptimized_frame() is always false and we must test hf to know if the frame is deoptimized.
3048   frame f = new_stack_frame<ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame>(hf, caller, false /* bottom */);
3049   intptr_t* const stack_frame_top = f.sp();
3050   intptr_t* const heap_frame_top = hf.unextended_sp();
3051 
3052   int fsize = ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame::size(hf);
3053   assert(fsize <= (int)(caller.unextended_sp() - f.unextended_sp()), "");
3054 
3055   intptr_t* from = heap_frame_top - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
3056   intptr_t* to   = stack_frame_top - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
3057   int sz = fsize + frame::metadata_words_at_bottom;
3058 
3059   copy_from_chunk(from, to, sz); // copying good oops because we invoked barriers above
3060 
3061   patch(f, caller, false /* bottom */);
3062 
3063   // f.is_deoptimized_frame() is always false and we must test hf.is_deoptimized_frame() (see comment above)
3064   assert(!f.is_deoptimized_frame(), "");
3065   assert(!hf.is_deoptimized_frame(), "");
3066   assert(!f.cb()->as_nmethod()->is_marked_for_deoptimization(), "");
3067 
3068   // can only fix caller once this frame is thawed (due to callee saved regs); this happens on the stack
3069   _cont.tail()->fix_thawed_frame(caller, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
3070 
3071   DEBUG_ONLY(after_thaw_java_frame(f, false /* bottom */);)
3072   assert(ContinuationHelper::NativeFrame::return_pc(f) == _caller_raw_pc, "wrong return pc");
3073   caller = f;
3074 }
3075 
3076 void ThawBase::finish_thaw(frame& f) {
3077   stackChunkOop chunk = _cont.tail();
3078 
3079   if (chunk->is_empty()) {
3080     // Only remove chunk from list if it can't be reused for another freeze
3081     if (seen_by_gc()) {
3082       _cont.set_tail(chunk->parent());
3083     } else {
3084       chunk->set_has_mixed_frames(false);
3085     }
3086     chunk->set_max_thawing_size(0);
3087   } else {
3088     chunk->set_max_thawing_size(chunk->max_thawing_size() - _align_size);
3089   }
3090   assert(chunk->is_empty() == (chunk->max_thawing_size() == 0), "");
3091 
3092   if (!is_aligned(f.sp(), frame::frame_alignment)) {
3093     assert(f.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
3094     f.set_sp(align_down(f.sp(), frame::frame_alignment));
3095   }
3096   push_return_frame(f);
3097    // can only fix caller after push_return_frame (due to callee saved regs)
3098   if (_process_args_at_top) {
3099     chunk->fix_thawed_frame(f, SmallRegisterMap::instance_with_args());
3100   } else {
3101     chunk->fix_thawed_frame(f, SmallRegisterMap::instance_no_args());
3102   }
3103 
3104   assert(_cont.is_empty() == _cont.last_frame().is_empty(), "");
3105 
3106   log_develop_trace(continuations)("thawed %d frames", _frames);
3107 
3108   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
3109   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
3110     LogStream ls(lt);
3111     ls.print_cr("top hframe after (thaw):");
3112     _cont.last_frame().print_value_on(&ls);
3113   }
3114 }
3115 
3116 void ThawBase::push_return_frame(const frame& f) { // see generate_cont_thaw
3117   assert(!f.is_compiled_frame() || verify_deopt_state(f), "");
3118 
3119   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
3120   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
3121     LogStream ls(lt);
3122     ls.print_cr("push_return_frame");
3123     f.print_value_on(&ls);
3124   }
3125 
3126   assert(f.sp() - frame::metadata_words_at_bottom >= _top_stack_address, "overwrote past thawing space"
3127     " to: " INTPTR_FORMAT " top_address: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(f.sp() - frame::metadata_words), p2i(_top_stack_address));
3128   ContinuationHelper::Frame::patch_pc(f, f.raw_pc()); // in case we want to deopt the frame in a full transition, this is checked.
3129   ContinuationHelper::push_pd(f);
3130 
3131   assert(ContinuationHelper::Frame::assert_frame_laid_out(f), "");
3132 }
3133 
3134 // returns new top sp
3135 // called after preparations (stack overflow check and making room)
3136 template<typename ConfigT>
3137 static inline intptr_t* thaw_internal(JavaThread* thread, const Continuation::thaw_kind kind) {
3138   assert(thread == JavaThread::current(), "Must be current thread");
3139 
3140   CONT_JFR_ONLY(EventContinuationThaw event;)
3141 
3142   log_develop_trace(continuations)("~~~~ thaw kind: %d sp: " INTPTR_FORMAT, kind, p2i(thread->last_continuation()->entry_sp()));
3143 
3144   ContinuationEntry* entry = thread->last_continuation();
3145   assert(entry != nullptr, "");
3146   oop oopCont = entry->cont_oop(thread);
3147 
3148   assert(!jdk_internal_vm_Continuation::done(oopCont), "");
3149   assert(oopCont == get_continuation(thread), "");
3150   verify_continuation(oopCont);
3151 
3152   assert(entry->is_virtual_thread() == (entry->scope(thread) == java_lang_VirtualThread::vthread_scope()), "");
3153 
3154   ContinuationWrapper cont(thread, oopCont);
3155   log_develop_debug(continuations)("THAW #" INTPTR_FORMAT " " INTPTR_FORMAT, cont.hash(), p2i((oopDesc*)oopCont));
3156 
3157 #ifdef ASSERT
3158   set_anchor_to_entry(thread, cont.entry());
3159   log_frames(thread);
3160   clear_anchor(thread);
3161 #endif
3162 
3163   Thaw<ConfigT> thw(thread, cont);
3164   intptr_t* const sp = thw.thaw(kind);
3165   assert(is_aligned(sp, frame::frame_alignment), "");
3166   DEBUG_ONLY(log_frames_after_thaw(thread, cont, sp);)
3167 
3168   CONT_JFR_ONLY(thw.jfr_info().post_jfr_event(&event, cont.continuation(), thread);)
3169 
3170   verify_continuation(cont.continuation());
3171   log_develop_debug(continuations)("=== End of thaw #" INTPTR_FORMAT, cont.hash());
3172 
3173   return sp;
3174 }
3175 
3176 #ifdef ASSERT
3177 static void do_deopt_after_thaw(JavaThread* thread) {
3178   int i = 0;
3179   StackFrameStream fst(thread, true, false);
3180   fst.register_map()->set_include_argument_oops(false);
3181   ContinuationHelper::update_register_map_with_callee(*fst.current(), fst.register_map());
3182   for (; !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
3183     if (fst.current()->cb()->is_nmethod()) {
3184       nmethod* nm = fst.current()->cb()->as_nmethod();
3185       if (!nm->method()->is_continuation_native_intrinsic()) {
3186         nm->make_deoptimized();
3187       }
3188     }
3189   }
3190 }
3191 
3192 class ThawVerifyOopsClosure: public OopClosure {
3193   intptr_t* _p;
3194   outputStream* _st;
3195   bool is_good_oop(oop o) {
3196     return dbg_is_safe(o, -1) && dbg_is_safe(o->klass(), -1) && oopDesc::is_oop(o) && o->klass()->is_klass();
3197   }
3198 public:
3199   ThawVerifyOopsClosure(outputStream* st) : _p(nullptr), _st(st) {}
3200   intptr_t* p() { return _p; }
3201   void reset() { _p = nullptr; }
3202 
3203   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
3204     oop o = *p;
3205     if (o == nullptr || is_good_oop(o)) {
3206       return;
3207     }
3208     _p = (intptr_t*)p;
3209     _st->print_cr("*** non-oop " PTR_FORMAT " found at " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(*p), p2i(p));
3210   }
3211   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
3212     oop o = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
3213     if (o == nullptr || is_good_oop(o)) {
3214       return;
3215     }
3216     _p = (intptr_t*)p;
3217     _st->print_cr("*** (narrow) non-oop %x found at " PTR_FORMAT, (int)(*p), p2i(p));
3218   }
3219 };
3220 
3221 static bool do_verify_after_thaw(JavaThread* thread, stackChunkOop chunk, outputStream* st) {
3222   assert(thread->has_last_Java_frame(), "");
3223 
3224   ResourceMark rm;
3225   ThawVerifyOopsClosure cl(st);
3226   NMethodToOopClosure cf(&cl, false);
3227 
3228   StackFrameStream fst(thread, true, false);
3229   fst.register_map()->set_include_argument_oops(false);
3230   ContinuationHelper::update_register_map_with_callee(*fst.current(), fst.register_map());
3231   for (; !fst.is_done() && !Continuation::is_continuation_enterSpecial(*fst.current()); fst.next()) {
3232     if (fst.current()->cb()->is_nmethod() && fst.current()->cb()->as_nmethod()->is_marked_for_deoptimization()) {
3233       st->print_cr(">>> do_verify_after_thaw deopt");
3234       fst.current()->deoptimize(nullptr);
3235       fst.current()->print_on(st);
3236     }
3237 
3238     fst.current()->oops_do(&cl, &cf, fst.register_map());
3239     if (cl.p() != nullptr) {
3240       frame fr = *fst.current();
3241       st->print_cr("Failed for frame barriers: %d",chunk->requires_barriers());
3242       fr.print_on(st);
3243       if (!fr.is_interpreted_frame()) {
3244         st->print_cr("size: %d argsize: %d",
3245                      ContinuationHelper::NonInterpretedUnknownFrame::size(fr),
3246                      ContinuationHelper::NonInterpretedUnknownFrame::stack_argsize(fr));
3247       }
3248       VMReg reg = fst.register_map()->find_register_spilled_here(cl.p(), fst.current()->sp());
3249       if (reg != nullptr) {
3250         st->print_cr("Reg %s %d", reg->name(), reg->is_stack() ? (int)reg->reg2stack() : -99);
3251       }
3252       cl.reset();
3253       DEBUG_ONLY(thread->print_frame_layout();)
3254       if (chunk != nullptr) {
3255         chunk->print_on(true, st);
3256       }
3257       return false;
3258     }
3259   }
3260   return true;
3261 }
3262 
3263 static bool verify_deopt_state(const frame& f) {
3264   nmethod* nm = f.cb()->as_nmethod();
3265   assert(f.is_deoptimized_frame() == nm->is_deopt_pc(f.raw_pc()), "");
3266   assert(f.is_deoptimized_frame() == (f.pc() != f.raw_pc()), "");
3267   assert(f.is_deoptimized_frame() == nm->is_deopt_pc(ContinuationHelper::Frame::real_pc(f)), "");
3268   return true;
3269 }
3270 
3271 static void log_frames(JavaThread* thread) {
3272   const static int show_entry_callers = 3;
3273   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
3274   if (!lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
3275     return;
3276   }
3277   LogStream ls(lt);
3278 
3279   ls.print_cr("------- frames --------- for thread " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(thread));
3280   if (!thread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
3281     ls.print_cr("NO ANCHOR!");
3282   }
3283 
3284   RegisterMap map(thread,
3285                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
3286                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::include,
3287                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
3288   map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
3289 
3290   if (false) {
3291     for (frame f = thread->last_frame(); !f.is_entry_frame(); f = f.sender(&map)) {
3292       f.print_on(&ls);
3293     }
3294   } else {
3295     map.set_skip_missing(true);
3296     ResetNoHandleMark rnhm;
3297     ResourceMark rm;
3298     HandleMark hm(Thread::current());
3299     FrameValues values;
3300 
3301     int i = 0;
3302     int post_entry = -1;
3303     for (frame f = thread->last_frame(); !f.is_first_frame(); f = f.sender(&map), i++) {
3304       f.describe(values, i, &map, i == 0);
3305       if (post_entry >= 0 || Continuation::is_continuation_enterSpecial(f))
3306         post_entry++;
3307       if (post_entry >= show_entry_callers)
3308         break;
3309     }
3310     values.print_on(thread, &ls);
3311   }
3312 
3313   ls.print_cr("======= end frames =========");
3314 }
3315 
3316 static void log_frames_after_thaw(JavaThread* thread, ContinuationWrapper& cont, intptr_t* sp) {
3317   intptr_t* sp0 = sp;
3318   bool preempted = false;
3319   stackChunkOop tail = cont.tail();
3320   if (tail != nullptr && tail->preempted()) {
3321     // Still preempted (monitor not acquired) so no frames were thawed.
3322     set_anchor(thread, cont.entrySP(), cont.entryPC());
3323     preempted = true;
3324   } else {
3325     set_anchor(thread, sp0);
3326   }
3327 
3328   log_frames(thread);
3329   if (LoomVerifyAfterThaw) {
3330     assert(do_verify_after_thaw(thread, cont.tail(), tty), "");
3331   }
3332   assert(preempted || ContinuationEntry::assert_entry_frame_laid_out(thread), "");
3333   clear_anchor(thread);
3334 
3335   LogTarget(Trace, continuations) lt;
3336   if (lt.develop_is_enabled()) {
3337     LogStream ls(lt);
3338     ls.print_cr("Jumping to frame (thaw):");
3339     frame(sp).print_value_on(&ls);
3340   }
3341 }
3342 #endif // ASSERT
3343 
3344 #include CPU_HEADER_INLINE(continuationFreezeThaw)
3345 
3346 #ifdef ASSERT
3347 static void print_frame_layout(const frame& f, bool callee_complete, outputStream* st) {
3348   ResourceMark rm;
3349   FrameValues values;
3350   assert(f.get_cb() != nullptr, "");
3351   RegisterMap map(f.is_heap_frame() ?
3352                     nullptr :
3353                     JavaThread::current(),
3354                   RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
3355                   RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::skip,
3356                   RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
3357   map.set_include_argument_oops(false);
3358   map.set_skip_missing(true);
3359   if (callee_complete) {
3360     frame::update_map_with_saved_link(&map, ContinuationHelper::Frame::callee_link_address(f));
3361   }
3362   const_cast<frame&>(f).describe(values, 0, &map, true);
3363   values.print_on(static_cast<JavaThread*>(nullptr), st);
3364 }
3365 #endif
3366 
3367 static address thaw_entry   = nullptr;
3368 static address freeze_entry = nullptr;
3369 static address freeze_preempt_entry = nullptr;
3370 
3371 address Continuation::thaw_entry() {
3372   return ::thaw_entry;
3373 }
3374 
3375 address Continuation::freeze_entry() {
3376   return ::freeze_entry;
3377 }
3378 
3379 address Continuation::freeze_preempt_entry() {
3380   return ::freeze_preempt_entry;
3381 }
3382 
3383 class ConfigResolve {
3384 public:
3385   static void resolve() { resolve_compressed(); }
3386 
3387   static void resolve_compressed() {
3388     UseCompressedOops ? resolve_gc<true>()
3389                       : resolve_gc<false>();
3390   }
3391 
3392 private:
3393   template <bool use_compressed>
3394   static void resolve_gc() {
3395     BarrierSet* bs = BarrierSet::barrier_set();
3396     assert(bs != nullptr, "freeze/thaw invoked before BarrierSet is set");
3397     switch (bs->kind()) {
3398 #define BARRIER_SET_RESOLVE_BARRIER_CLOSURE(bs_name)                    \
3399       case BarrierSet::bs_name: {                                       \
3400         resolve<use_compressed, typename BarrierSet::GetType<BarrierSet::bs_name>::type>(); \
3401       }                                                                 \
3402         break;
3403       FOR_EACH_BARRIER_SET_DO(BARRIER_SET_RESOLVE_BARRIER_CLOSURE)
3404 #undef BARRIER_SET_RESOLVE_BARRIER_CLOSURE
3405 
3406     default:
3407       fatal("BarrierSet resolving not implemented");
3408     };
3409   }
3410 
3411   template <bool use_compressed, typename BarrierSetT>
3412   static void resolve() {
3413     typedef Config<use_compressed ? oop_kind::NARROW : oop_kind::WIDE, BarrierSetT> SelectedConfigT;
3414 
3415     freeze_entry = (address)freeze<SelectedConfigT>;
3416     freeze_preempt_entry = (address)SelectedConfigT::freeze_preempt;
3417 
3418     // If we wanted, we could templatize by kind and have three different thaw entries
3419     thaw_entry   = (address)thaw<SelectedConfigT>;
3420   }
3421 };
3422 
3423 void Continuation::init() {
3424   ConfigResolve::resolve();
3425 }