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src/hotspot/share/gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentGC.cpp

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@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
  /*
   * Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   * Copyright (c) 2021, 2022, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
+  * Copyright Amazon.com Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
   * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   *
   * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   * published by the Free Software Foundation.

@@ -30,10 +31,14 @@
  #include "gc/shared/continuationGCSupport.inline.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahBreakpoint.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentGC.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFreeSet.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGeneration.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahGenerationalHeap.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOldGeneration.hpp"
+ #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahYoungGeneration.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahLock.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMark.inline.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOopClosures.inline.hpp"
  #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahPhaseTimings.hpp"

@@ -84,47 +89,84 @@
        ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_before_marking_completed();
      }
    }
  };
  
- ShenandoahConcurrentGC::ShenandoahConcurrentGC() :
-   _mark(),
-   _degen_point(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_unset) {
+ ShenandoahConcurrentGC::ShenandoahConcurrentGC(ShenandoahGeneration* generation, bool do_old_gc_bootstrap) :
+   _mark(generation),
+   _generation(generation),
+   _degen_point(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_unset),
+   _abbreviated(false),
+   _do_old_gc_bootstrap(do_old_gc_bootstrap) {
  }
  
  ShenandoahGC::ShenandoahDegenPoint ShenandoahConcurrentGC::degen_point() const {
    return _degen_point;
  }
  
- void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::cancel() {
-   ShenandoahConcurrentMark::cancel();
- }
- 
  bool ShenandoahConcurrentGC::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+ 
    ShenandoahBreakpointGCScope breakpoint_gc_scope(cause);
  
    // Reset for upcoming marking
    entry_reset();
  
    // Start initial mark under STW
    vmop_entry_init_mark();
  
    {
      ShenandoahBreakpointMarkScope breakpoint_mark_scope(cause);
+ 
+     // Reset task queue stats here, rather than in mark_concurrent_roots,
+     // because remembered set scan will `push` oops into the queues and
+     // resetting after this happens will lose those counts.
+     TASKQUEUE_STATS_ONLY(_mark.task_queues()->reset_taskqueue_stats());
+ 
+     // Concurrent remembered set scanning
+     entry_scan_remembered_set();
+ 
      // Concurrent mark roots
      entry_mark_roots();
-     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_outside_cycle)) return false;
+     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_roots)) {
+       return false;
+     }
  
      // Continue concurrent mark
      entry_mark();
-     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_mark)) return false;
+     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_mark)) {
+       return false;
+     }
    }
  
    // Complete marking under STW, and start evacuation
    vmop_entry_final_mark();
  
+   // If the GC was cancelled just before final mark (but after the preceding cancellation check),
+   // then the safepoint operation will do nothing and the concurrent mark will still be in progress.
+   // In this case it is safe (and necessary) to resume the degenerated cycle from the marking phase.
+   //
+   // On the other hand, if the GC is cancelled after final mark (but before this check), then the
+   // final mark safepoint operation will have finished the mark (setting concurrent mark in progress
+   // to false). In this case (final mark has completed), we need control to fall past the next
+   // cancellation check and resume the degenerated cycle from the evacuation phase.
+   if (_generation->is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
+     // If the concurrent mark is still in progress after the final mark safepoint, then the GC has
+     // been cancelled. The degenerated cycle must resume from the marking phase. Without this check,
+     // the non-generational mode may fall all the way to the end of this collect routine without
+     // having done anything (besides mark most of the heap). Without having collected anything, we
+     // can expect an 'out of cycle' degenerated GC which will again mark the entire heap. This is
+     // not optimal.
+     // For the generational mode, we cannot allow this. The generational mode relies on marking
+     // (including the final mark) to rebuild portions of the card table. If the generational mode does
+     // not complete marking after it has swapped the card tables, the root set on subsequent GCs will
+     // be incomplete, heap corruption may follow.
+     bool cancelled = check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_mark);
+     assert(cancelled, "GC must have been cancelled between concurrent and final mark");
+     return false;
+   }
+ 
    // Concurrent stack processing
    if (heap->is_evacuation_in_progress()) {
      entry_thread_roots();
    }
  

@@ -133,17 +175,15 @@
      entry_weak_refs();
      entry_weak_roots();
    }
  
    // Final mark might have reclaimed some immediate garbage, kick cleanup to reclaim
-   // the space. This would be the last action if there is nothing to evacuate.
+   // the space. This would be the last action if there is nothing to evacuate.  Note that
+   // we will not age young-gen objects in the case that we skip evacuation.
    entry_cleanup_early();
  
-   {
-     ShenandoahHeapLocker locker(heap->lock());
-     heap->free_set()->log_status();
-   }
+   heap->free_set()->log_status_under_lock();
  
    // Perform concurrent class unloading
    if (heap->unload_classes() &&
        heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress()) {
      entry_class_unloading();

@@ -160,29 +200,58 @@
    // This may be skipped if there is nothing to evacuate.
    // If so, evac_in_progress would be unset by collection set preparation code.
    if (heap->is_evacuation_in_progress()) {
      // Concurrently evacuate
      entry_evacuate();
-     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_evac)) return false;
+     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_evac)) {
+       return false;
+     }
  
      // Perform update-refs phase.
      vmop_entry_init_updaterefs();
      entry_updaterefs();
-     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_updaterefs)) return false;
+     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_updaterefs)) {
+       return false;
+     }
  
      // Concurrent update thread roots
      entry_update_thread_roots();
-     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_updaterefs)) return false;
+     if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_updaterefs)) {
+       return false;
+     }
  
      vmop_entry_final_updaterefs();
  
      // Update references freed up collection set, kick the cleanup to reclaim the space.
      entry_cleanup_complete();
    } else {
+     // We chose not to evacuate because we found sufficient immediate garbage.
+     // However, there may still be regions to promote in place, so do that now.
+     if (has_in_place_promotions(heap)) {
+       entry_promote_in_place();
+ 
+       // If the promote-in-place operation was cancelled, we can have the degenerated
+       // cycle complete the operation. It will see that no evacuations are in progress,
+       // and that there are regions wanting promotion. The risk with not handling the
+       // cancellation would be failing to restore top for these regions and leaving
+       // them unable to serve allocations for the old generation.
+       if (check_cancellation_and_abort(ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_evac)) {
+         return false;
+       }
+     }
+ 
+     // At this point, the cycle is effectively complete. If the cycle has been cancelled here,
+     // the control thread will detect it on its next iteration and run a degenerated young cycle.
      vmop_entry_final_roots();
+     _abbreviated = true;
    }
  
+   // We defer generation resizing actions until after cset regions have been recycled.  We do this even following an
+   // abbreviated cycle.
+   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
+     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->complete_concurrent_cycle();
+   }
    return true;
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::vmop_entry_init_mark() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();

@@ -279,30 +348,60 @@
  
    op_final_updaterefs();
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_final_roots() {
-   static const char* msg = "Pause Final Roots";
+   const char* msg = final_roots_event_message();
    ShenandoahPausePhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::final_roots);
    EventMark em("%s", msg);
  
    op_final_roots();
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_reset() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
+ 
    TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
-   static const char* msg = "Concurrent reset";
-   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_reset);
-   EventMark em("%s", msg);
+   {
+     const char* msg = conc_reset_event_message();
+     ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_reset);
+     EventMark em("%s", msg);
+ 
+     ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
+                                 ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_reset(),
+                                 msg);
+     op_reset();
+   }
  
-   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
-                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_reset(),
-                               "concurrent reset");
+   if (_do_old_gc_bootstrap) {
+     static const char* msg = "Concurrent reset (Old)";
+     ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_reset_old);
+     ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->workers(),
+                                 ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_reset(),
+                                 msg);
+     EventMark em("%s", msg);
  
-   heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
-   op_reset();
+     heap->old_generation()->prepare_gc();
+   }
+ }
+ 
+ void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_scan_remembered_set() {
+   if (_generation->is_young()) {
+     ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+     TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
+     const char* msg = "Concurrent remembered set scanning";
+     ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_scan_rset);
+     EventMark em("%s", msg);
+ 
+     ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
+                                 ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_rs_scanning(),
+                                 msg);
+ 
+     heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
+     _generation->scan_remembered_set(true /* is_concurrent */);
+   }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_mark_roots() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());

@@ -347,11 +446,11 @@
    op_thread_roots();
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_weak_refs() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
-   static const char* msg = "Concurrent weak references";
+   const char* msg = conc_weak_refs_event_message();
    ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs);
    EventMark em("%s", msg);
  
    ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
                                ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_refs_processing(),

@@ -362,11 +461,11 @@
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_weak_roots() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
-   static const char* msg = "Concurrent weak roots";
+   const char* msg = conc_weak_roots_event_message();
    ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_roots);
    EventMark em("%s", msg);
  
    ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
                                ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_root_processing(),

@@ -409,11 +508,11 @@
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_cleanup_early() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
-   static const char* msg = "Concurrent cleanup";
+   const char* msg = conc_cleanup_event_message();
    ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_cleanup_early, true /* log_heap_usage */);
    EventMark em("%s", msg);
  
    // This phase does not use workers, no need for setup
    heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();

@@ -434,10 +533,27 @@
  
    heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();
    op_evacuate();
  }
  
+ void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_promote_in_place() {
+   shenandoah_assert_generational();
+ 
+   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+   TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
+ 
+   static const char* msg = "Promote in place";
+   ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::promote_in_place);
+   EventMark em("%s", msg);
+ 
+   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
+                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_conc_evac(),
+                               "promote in place");
+ 
+   ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->promote_regions_in_place(true);
+ }
+ 
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_update_thread_roots() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
  
    static const char* msg = "Concurrent update thread roots";

@@ -465,11 +581,11 @@
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::entry_cleanup_complete() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    TraceCollectorStats tcs(heap->monitoring_support()->concurrent_collection_counters());
-   static const char* msg = "Concurrent cleanup";
+   const char* msg = conc_cleanup_event_message();
    ShenandoahConcurrentPhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_cleanup_complete, true /* log_heap_usage */);
    EventMark em("%s", msg);
  
    // This phase does not use workers, no need for setup
    heap->try_inject_alloc_failure();

@@ -479,12 +595,11 @@
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_reset() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    if (ShenandoahPacing) {
      heap->pacer()->setup_for_reset();
    }
- 
-   heap->prepare_gc();
+   _generation->prepare_gc();
  }
  
  class ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure : public ShenandoahHeapRegionClosure {
  private:
    ShenandoahMarkingContext* const _ctx;

@@ -493,11 +608,12 @@
  
    void heap_region_do(ShenandoahHeapRegion* r) {
      assert(!r->has_live(), "Region " SIZE_FORMAT " should have no live data", r->index());
      if (r->is_active()) {
        // Check if region needs updating its TAMS. We have updated it already during concurrent
-       // reset, so it is very likely we don't need to do another write here.
+       // reset, so it is very likely we don't need to do another write here.  Since most regions
+       // are not "active", this path is relatively rare.
        if (_ctx->top_at_mark_start(r) != r->top()) {
          _ctx->capture_top_at_mark_start(r);
        }
      } else {
        assert(_ctx->top_at_mark_start(r) == r->top(),

@@ -515,34 +631,61 @@
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_init_mark() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert(ShenandoahSafepoint::is_at_shenandoah_safepoint(), "Should be at safepoint");
    assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "can only do this in VMThread");
  
-   assert(heap->marking_context()->is_bitmap_clear(), "need clear marking bitmap");
-   assert(!heap->marking_context()->is_complete(), "should not be complete");
+   assert(_generation->is_bitmap_clear(), "need clear marking bitmap");
+   assert(!_generation->is_mark_complete(), "should not be complete");
    assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "No forwarded objects on this path");
  
+ 
+   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
+     if (_generation->is_young()) {
+       // The current implementation of swap_remembered_set() copies the write-card-table to the read-card-table.
+       ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_swap_rset);
+       _generation->swap_remembered_set();
+     }
+ 
+     if (_generation->is_global()) {
+       heap->old_generation()->cancel_gc();
+     } else if (heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
+       // Purge the SATB buffers, transferring any valid, old pointers to the
+       // old generation mark queue. Any pointers in a young region will be
+       // abandoned.
+       ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_transfer_satb);
+       heap->old_generation()->transfer_pointers_from_satb();
+     }
+   }
+ 
    if (ShenandoahVerify) {
      heap->verifier()->verify_before_concmark();
    }
  
    if (VerifyBeforeGC) {
      Universe::verify();
    }
  
-   heap->set_concurrent_mark_in_progress(true);
+   _generation->set_concurrent_mark_in_progress(true);
  
    start_mark();
  
-   {
+   if (_do_old_gc_bootstrap) {
+     shenandoah_assert_generational();
+     // Update region state for both young and old regions
      ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_region_states);
      ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure cl;
      heap->parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
+     heap->old_generation()->ref_processor()->reset_thread_locals();
+   } else {
+     // Update region state for only young regions
+     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::init_update_region_states);
+     ShenandoahInitMarkUpdateRegionStateClosure cl;
+     _generation->parallel_heap_region_iterate(&cl);
    }
  
    // Weak reference processing
-   ShenandoahReferenceProcessor* rp = heap->ref_processor();
+   ShenandoahReferenceProcessor* rp = _generation->ref_processor();
    rp->reset_thread_locals();
    rp->set_soft_reference_policy(heap->soft_ref_policy()->should_clear_all_soft_refs());
  
    // Make above changes visible to worker threads
    OrderAccess::fence();

@@ -578,103 +721,124 @@
      assert(!heap->cancelled_gc(), "STW mark cannot OOM");
  
      // Notify JVMTI that the tagmap table will need cleaning.
      JvmtiTagMap::set_needs_cleaning();
  
-     heap->prepare_regions_and_collection_set(true /*concurrent*/);
+     // The collection set is chosen by prepare_regions_and_collection_set(). Additionally, certain parameters have been
+     // established to govern the evacuation efforts that are about to begin.  Refer to comments on reserve members in
+     // ShenandoahGeneration and ShenandoahOldGeneration for more detail.
+     _generation->prepare_regions_and_collection_set(true /*concurrent*/);
  
      // Has to be done after cset selection
      heap->prepare_concurrent_roots();
  
      if (!heap->collection_set()->is_empty()) {
+       LogTarget(Debug, gc, cset) lt;
+       if (lt.is_enabled()) {
+         ResourceMark rm;
+         LogStream ls(lt);
+         heap->collection_set()->print_on(&ls);
+       }
+ 
        if (ShenandoahVerify) {
          heap->verifier()->verify_before_evacuation();
        }
  
        heap->set_evacuation_in_progress(true);
        // From here on, we need to update references.
        heap->set_has_forwarded_objects(true);
  
-       // Verify before arming for concurrent processing.
-       // Otherwise, verification can trigger stack processing.
-       if (ShenandoahVerify) {
-         heap->verifier()->verify_during_evacuation();
-       }
- 
        // Arm nmethods/stack for concurrent processing
        ShenandoahCodeRoots::arm_nmethods_for_evac();
        ShenandoahStackWatermark::change_epoch_id();
  
        if (ShenandoahPacing) {
          heap->pacer()->setup_for_evac();
        }
      } else {
        if (ShenandoahVerify) {
-         heap->verifier()->verify_after_concmark();
+         if (has_in_place_promotions(heap)) {
+           heap->verifier()->verify_after_concmark_with_promotions();
+         } else {
+           heap->verifier()->verify_after_concmark();
+         }
        }
  
        if (VerifyAfterGC) {
          Universe::verify();
        }
      }
    }
  }
  
+ bool ShenandoahConcurrentGC::has_in_place_promotions(ShenandoahHeap* heap) {
+   return heap->mode()->is_generational() && heap->old_generation()->has_in_place_promotions();
+ }
+ 
+ template<bool GENERATIONAL>
  class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure : public ThreadClosure {
  private:
    OopClosure* const _oops;
- 
  public:
-   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure(OopClosure* oops);
-   void do_thread(Thread* thread);
- };
- 
- ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure::ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure(OopClosure* oops) :
-   _oops(oops) {
- }
+   explicit ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure(OopClosure* oops) : _oops(oops) {}
  
- void ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure::do_thread(Thread* thread) {
-   JavaThread* const jt = JavaThread::cast(thread);
-   StackWatermarkSet::finish_processing(jt, _oops, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
- }
+   void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
+     JavaThread* const jt = JavaThread::cast(thread);
+     StackWatermarkSet::finish_processing(jt, _oops, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
+     if (GENERATIONAL) {
+       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::enable_plab_promotions(thread);
+     }
+   }
+ };
  
+ template<bool GENERATIONAL>
  class ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask : public WorkerTask {
  private:
    ShenandoahJavaThreadsIterator _java_threads;
  
  public:
-   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask(uint n_workers) :
+   explicit ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask(uint n_workers) :
      WorkerTask("Shenandoah Evacuate/Update Concurrent Thread Roots"),
      _java_threads(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_thread_roots, n_workers) {
    }
  
-   void work(uint worker_id) {
+   void work(uint worker_id) override {
+     if (GENERATIONAL) {
+       Thread* worker_thread = Thread::current();
+       ShenandoahThreadLocalData::enable_plab_promotions(worker_thread);
+     }
+ 
      // ShenandoahEvacOOMScope has to be setup by ShenandoahContextEvacuateUpdateRootsClosure.
      // Otherwise, may deadlock with watermark lock
      ShenandoahContextEvacuateUpdateRootsClosure oops_cl;
-     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure thr_cl(&oops_cl);
+     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacThreadClosure<GENERATIONAL> thr_cl(&oops_cl);
      _java_threads.threads_do(&thr_cl, worker_id);
    }
  };
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_thread_roots() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert(heap->is_evacuation_in_progress(), "Checked by caller");
    ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_thread_roots);
-   ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask task(heap->workers()->active_workers());
-   heap->workers()->run_task(&task);
+   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
+     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask<true> task(heap->workers()->active_workers());
+     heap->workers()->run_task(&task);
+   } else {
+     ShenandoahConcurrentEvacUpdateThreadTask<false> task(heap->workers()->active_workers());
+     heap->workers()->run_task(&task);
+   }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_weak_refs() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert(heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(), "Only during this phase");
    // Concurrent weak refs processing
    ShenandoahGCWorkerPhase worker_phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs);
    if (heap->gc_cause() == GCCause::_wb_breakpoint) {
      ShenandoahBreakpoint::at_after_reference_processing_started();
    }
-   heap->ref_processor()->process_references(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs, heap->workers(), true /* concurrent */);
+   _generation->ref_processor()->process_references(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_refs, heap->workers(), true /* concurrent */);
  }
  
  class ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
  private:
    ShenandoahHeap* const _heap;

@@ -697,21 +861,25 @@
  
  void ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure::do_oop(oop* p) {
    const oop obj = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
    if (!CompressedOops::is_null(obj)) {
      if (!_mark_context->is_marked(obj)) {
-       shenandoah_assert_correct(p, obj);
-       ShenandoahHeap::atomic_clear_oop(p, obj);
+       shenandoah_assert_generations_reconciled();
+       if (_heap->is_in_active_generation(obj)) {
+         // Here we are asserting that an unmarked from-space object is 'correct'. There seems to be a legitimate
+         // use-case for accessing from-space objects during concurrent class unloading. In all modes of Shenandoah,
+         // concurrent class unloading only happens during a global collection.
+         shenandoah_assert_correct(p, obj);
+         ShenandoahHeap::atomic_clear_oop(p, obj);
+       }
      } else if (_evac_in_progress && _heap->in_collection_set(obj)) {
        oop resolved = ShenandoahBarrierSet::resolve_forwarded_not_null(obj);
        if (resolved == obj) {
          resolved = _heap->evacuate_object(obj, _thread);
        }
+       shenandoah_assert_not_in_cset_except(p, resolved, _heap->cancelled_gc());
        ShenandoahHeap::atomic_update_oop(resolved, p, obj);
-       assert(_heap->cancelled_gc() ||
-              _mark_context->is_marked(resolved) && !_heap->in_collection_set(resolved),
-              "Sanity");
      }
    }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahEvacUpdateCleanupOopStorageRootsClosure::do_oop(narrowOop* p) {

@@ -806,10 +974,13 @@
    // Perform handshake to flush out dead oops
    {
      ShenandoahTimingsTracker t(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::conc_weak_roots_rendezvous);
      heap->rendezvous_threads();
    }
+   // We can only toggle concurrent_weak_root_in_progress flag
+   // at a safepoint, so that mutators see a consistent
+   // value. The flag will be cleared at the next safepoint.
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_class_unloading() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert (heap->is_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress() &&

@@ -902,12 +1073,15 @@
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_init_updaterefs() {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    heap->set_evacuation_in_progress(false);
    heap->set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(false);
    heap->prepare_update_heap_references(true /*concurrent*/);
-   heap->set_update_refs_in_progress(true);
+   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
+     heap->verifier()->verify_before_updaterefs();
+   }
  
+   heap->set_update_refs_in_progress(true);
    if (ShenandoahPacing) {
      heap->pacer()->setup_for_updaterefs();
    }
  }
  

@@ -948,23 +1122,47 @@
    heap->finish_concurrent_roots();
  
    // Clear cancelled GC, if set. On cancellation path, the block before would handle
    // everything.
    if (heap->cancelled_gc()) {
-     heap->clear_cancelled_gc();
+     heap->clear_cancelled_gc(true /* clear oom handler */);
    }
  
    // Has to be done before cset is clear
    if (ShenandoahVerify) {
      heap->verifier()->verify_roots_in_to_space();
    }
  
+   // If we are running in generational mode and this is an aging cycle, this will also age active
+   // regions that haven't been used for allocation.
    heap->update_heap_region_states(true /*concurrent*/);
  
    heap->set_update_refs_in_progress(false);
    heap->set_has_forwarded_objects(false);
  
+   if (heap->mode()->is_generational() && heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
+     // When the SATB barrier is left on to support concurrent old gen mark, it may pick up writes to
+     // objects in the collection set. After those objects are evacuated, the pointers in the
+     // SATB are no longer safe. Once we have finished update references, we are guaranteed that
+     // no more writes to the collection set are possible.
+     //
+     // This will transfer any old pointers in _active_ regions from the SATB to the old gen
+     // mark queues. All other pointers will be discarded. This would also discard any pointers
+     // in old regions that were included in a mixed evacuation. We aren't using the SATB filter
+     // methods here because we cannot control when they execute. If the SATB filter runs _after_
+     // a region has been recycled, we will not be able to detect the bad pointer.
+     //
+     // We are not concerned about skipping this step in abbreviated cycles because regions
+     // with no live objects cannot have been written to and so cannot have entries in the SATB
+     // buffers.
+     heap->old_generation()->transfer_pointers_from_satb();
+ 
+     // Aging_cycle is only relevant during evacuation cycle for individual objects and during final mark for
+     // entire regions.  Both of these relevant operations occur before final update refs.
+     ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->set_aging_cycle(false);
+   }
+ 
    if (ShenandoahVerify) {
      heap->verifier()->verify_after_updaterefs();
    }
  
    if (VerifyAfterGC) {

@@ -973,11 +1171,27 @@
  
    heap->rebuild_free_set(true /*concurrent*/);
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_final_roots() {
-   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(false);
+ 
+   ShenandoahHeap *heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
+   heap->set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(false);
+   heap->set_evacuation_in_progress(false);
+ 
+   if (heap->mode()->is_generational()) {
+     // If the cycle was shortened for having enough immediate garbage, this could be
+     // the last GC safepoint before concurrent marking of old resumes. We must be sure
+     // that old mark threads don't see any pointers to garbage in the SATB buffers.
+     if (heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress()) {
+       heap->old_generation()->transfer_pointers_from_satb();
+     }
+ 
+     if (!_generation->is_old()) {
+       ShenandoahGenerationalHeap::heap()->update_region_ages(_generation->complete_marking_context());
+     }
+   }
  }
  
  void ShenandoahConcurrentGC::op_cleanup_complete() {
    ShenandoahHeap::heap()->free_set()->recycle_trash();
  }

@@ -992,30 +1206,73 @@
  
  const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::init_mark_event_message() const {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
    assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "Should not have forwarded objects here");
    if (heap->unload_classes()) {
-     return "Pause Init Mark (unload classes)";
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Init Mark", " (unload classes)");
    } else {
-     return "Pause Init Mark";
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Init Mark", "");
    }
  }
  
  const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::final_mark_event_message() const {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
-   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "Should not have forwarded objects here");
+   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects() || heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(),
+          "Should not have forwarded objects during final mark, unless old gen concurrent mark is running");
+ 
    if (heap->unload_classes()) {
-     return "Pause Final Mark (unload classes)";
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Mark", " (unload classes)");
    } else {
-     return "Pause Final Mark";
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Mark", "");
    }
  }
  
  const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_mark_event_message() const {
    ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
-   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects(), "Should not have forwarded objects here");
+   assert(!heap->has_forwarded_objects() || heap->is_concurrent_old_mark_in_progress(),
+          "Should not have forwarded objects concurrent mark, unless old gen concurrent mark is running");
    if (heap->unload_classes()) {
-     return "Concurrent marking (unload classes)";
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent marking", " (unload classes)");
+   } else {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent marking", "");
+   }
+ }
+ 
+ const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_reset_event_message() const {
+   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent reset", " (unload classes)");
+   } else {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent reset", "");
+   }
+ }
+ 
+ const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::final_roots_event_message() const {
+   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Roots", " (unload classes)");
+   } else {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Pause Final Roots", "");
+   }
+ }
+ 
+ const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_weak_refs_event_message() const {
+   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak references", " (unload classes)");
+   } else {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak references", "");
+   }
+ }
+ 
+ const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_weak_roots_event_message() const {
+   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak roots", " (unload classes)");
+   } else {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent weak roots", "");
+   }
+ }
+ 
+ const char* ShenandoahConcurrentGC::conc_cleanup_event_message() const {
+   if (ShenandoahHeap::heap()->unload_classes()) {
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent cleanup", " (unload classes)");
    } else {
-     return "Concurrent marking";
+     SHENANDOAH_RETURN_EVENT_MESSAGE(_generation->type(), "Concurrent cleanup", "");
    }
  }
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