1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2021, Red Hat, Inc. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  8  *
  9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 13  * accompanied this code).
 14  *
 15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
 26 
 27 #include "gc/shared/collectorCounters.hpp"
 28 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahCollectorPolicy.hpp"
 29 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahConcurrentMark.hpp"
 30 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahDegeneratedGC.hpp"
 31 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahFullGC.hpp"
 32 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahHeap.inline.hpp"
 33 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMetrics.hpp"
 34 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahMonitoringSupport.hpp"
 35 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahOopClosures.inline.hpp"
 36 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahRootProcessor.inline.hpp"
 37 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahSTWMark.hpp"
 38 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahUtils.hpp"
 39 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVerifier.hpp"
 40 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahWorkerPolicy.hpp"
 41 #include "gc/shenandoah/shenandoahVMOperations.hpp"
 42 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 43 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 44 
 45 ShenandoahDegenGC::ShenandoahDegenGC(ShenandoahDegenPoint degen_point) :
 46   ShenandoahGC(),
 47   _degen_point(degen_point) {
 48 }
 49 
 50 bool ShenandoahDegenGC::collect(GCCause::Cause cause) {
 51   vmop_degenerated();
 52   return true;
 53 }
 54 
 55 void ShenandoahDegenGC::vmop_degenerated() {
 56   TraceCollectorStats tcs(ShenandoahHeap::heap()->monitoring_support()->full_stw_collection_counters());
 57   ShenandoahTimingsTracker timing(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_gross);
 58   VM_ShenandoahDegeneratedGC degenerated_gc(this);
 59   VMThread::execute(&degenerated_gc);
 60 }
 61 
 62 void ShenandoahDegenGC::entry_degenerated() {
 63   const char* msg = degen_event_message(_degen_point);
 64   ShenandoahPausePhase gc_phase(msg, ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc, true /* log_heap_usage */);
 65   EventMark em("%s", msg);
 66   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 67 
 68   ShenandoahWorkerScope scope(heap->workers(),
 69                               ShenandoahWorkerPolicy::calc_workers_for_stw_degenerated(),
 70                               "stw degenerated gc");
 71 
 72   heap->set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(true);
 73   op_degenerated();
 74   heap->set_degenerated_gc_in_progress(false);
 75 }
 76 
 77 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_degenerated() {
 78   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
 79   // Degenerated GC is STW, but it can also fail. Current mechanics communicates
 80   // GC failure via cancelled_concgc() flag. So, if we detect the failure after
 81   // some phase, we have to upgrade the Degenerate GC to Full GC.
 82   heap->clear_cancelled_gc();
 83 
 84   ShenandoahMetricsSnapshot metrics;
 85   metrics.snap_before();
 86 
 87   switch (_degen_point) {
 88     // The cases below form the Duff's-like device: it describes the actual GC cycle,
 89     // but enters it at different points, depending on which concurrent phase had
 90     // degenerated.
 91 
 92     case _degenerated_outside_cycle:
 93       // We have degenerated from outside the cycle, which means something is bad with
 94       // the heap, most probably heavy humongous fragmentation, or we are very low on free
 95       // space. It makes little sense to wait for Full GC to reclaim as much as it can, when
 96       // we can do the most aggressive degen cycle, which includes processing references and
 97       // class unloading, unless those features are explicitly disabled.
 98       //
 99 
100       // Degenerated from concurrent root mark, reset the flag for STW mark
101       if (heap->is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
102         ShenandoahConcurrentMark::cancel();
103         heap->set_concurrent_mark_in_progress(false);
104       }
105 
106       // Note that we can only do this for "outside-cycle" degens, otherwise we would risk
107       // changing the cycle parameters mid-cycle during concurrent -> degenerated handover.
108       heap->set_unload_classes(heap->heuristics()->can_unload_classes());
109 
110       op_reset();
111 
112       // STW mark
113       op_mark();
114 
115     case _degenerated_mark:
116       // No fallthrough. Continue mark, handed over from concurrent mark if
117       // concurrent mark has yet completed
118       if (_degen_point == ShenandoahDegenPoint::_degenerated_mark &&
119           heap->is_concurrent_mark_in_progress()) {
120         op_finish_mark();
121       }
122       assert(!heap->cancelled_gc(), "STW mark can not OOM");
123 
124       /* Degen select Collection Set. etc. */
125       op_prepare_evacuation();
126 
127       op_cleanup_early();
128 
129     case _degenerated_evac:
130       // If heuristics thinks we should do the cycle, this flag would be set,
131       // and we can do evacuation. Otherwise, it would be the shortcut cycle.
132       if (heap->is_evacuation_in_progress()) {
133 
134         if (_degen_point == _degenerated_evac) {
135           // Degeneration under oom-evac protocol allows the mutator LRB to expose
136           // references to from-space objects. This is okay, in theory, because we
137           // will come to the safepoint here to complete the evacuations and update
138           // the references. However, if the from-space reference is written to a
139           // region that was EC during final mark or was recycled after final mark
140           // it will not have TAMS or UWM updated. Such a region is effectively
141           // skipped during update references which can lead to crashes and corruption
142           // if the from-space reference is accessed.
143           if (UseTLAB) {
144             heap->labs_make_parsable();
145           }
146 
147           for (size_t i = 0; i < heap->num_regions(); i++) {
148             ShenandoahHeapRegion* r = heap->get_region(i);
149             if (r->is_active() && r->top() > r->get_update_watermark()) {
150               r->set_update_watermark_at_safepoint(r->top());
151             }
152           }
153         }
154 
155         // Degeneration under oom-evac protocol might have left some objects in
156         // collection set un-evacuated. Restart evacuation from the beginning to
157         // capture all objects. For all the objects that are already evacuated,
158         // it would be a simple check, which is supposed to be fast. This is also
159         // safe to do even without degeneration, as CSet iterator is at beginning
160         // in preparation for evacuation anyway.
161         //
162         // Before doing that, we need to make sure we never had any cset-pinned
163         // regions. This may happen if allocation failure happened when evacuating
164         // the about-to-be-pinned object, oom-evac protocol left the object in
165         // the collection set, and then the pin reached the cset region. If we continue
166         // the cycle here, we would trash the cset and alive objects in it. To avoid
167         // it, we fail degeneration right away and slide into Full GC to recover.
168 
169         {
170           heap->sync_pinned_region_status();
171           heap->collection_set()->clear_current_index();
172 
173           ShenandoahHeapRegion* r;
174           while ((r = heap->collection_set()->next()) != nullptr) {
175             if (r->is_pinned()) {
176               heap->cancel_gc(GCCause::_shenandoah_upgrade_to_full_gc);
177               op_degenerated_fail();
178               return;
179             }
180           }
181 
182           heap->collection_set()->clear_current_index();
183         }
184         op_evacuate();
185         if (heap->cancelled_gc()) {
186           op_degenerated_fail();
187           return;
188         }
189       }
190 
191       // If heuristics thinks we should do the cycle, this flag would be set,
192       // and we need to do update-refs. Otherwise, it would be the shortcut cycle.
193       if (heap->has_forwarded_objects()) {
194         op_init_updaterefs();
195         assert(!heap->cancelled_gc(), "STW reference update can not OOM");
196       }
197 
198     case _degenerated_updaterefs:
199       if (heap->has_forwarded_objects()) {
200         op_updaterefs();
201         op_update_roots();
202         assert(!heap->cancelled_gc(), "STW reference update can not OOM");
203       }
204 
205       // Disarm nmethods that armed in concurrent cycle.
206       // In above case, update roots should disarm them
207       ShenandoahCodeRoots::disarm_nmethods();
208 
209       op_cleanup_complete();
210       break;
211     default:
212       ShouldNotReachHere();
213   }
214 
215   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
216     heap->verifier()->verify_after_degenerated();
217   }
218 
219   if (VerifyAfterGC) {
220     Universe::verify();
221   }
222 
223   metrics.snap_after();
224 
225   // Check for futility and fail. There is no reason to do several back-to-back Degenerated cycles,
226   // because that probably means the heap is overloaded and/or fragmented.
227   if (!metrics.is_good_progress()) {
228     heap->notify_gc_no_progress();
229     heap->cancel_gc(GCCause::_shenandoah_upgrade_to_full_gc);
230     op_degenerated_futile();
231   } else {
232     heap->notify_gc_progress();
233   }
234 }
235 
236 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_reset() {
237   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->prepare_gc();
238 }
239 
240 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_mark() {
241   assert(!ShenandoahHeap::heap()->is_concurrent_mark_in_progress(), "Should be reset");
242   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_stw_mark);
243   ShenandoahSTWMark mark(false /*full gc*/);
244   mark.clear();
245   mark.mark();
246 }
247 
248 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_finish_mark() {
249   ShenandoahConcurrentMark mark;
250   mark.finish_mark();
251 }
252 
253 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_prepare_evacuation() {
254   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
255   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
256     heap->verifier()->verify_roots_no_forwarded();
257   }
258 
259   // STW cleanup weak roots and unload classes
260   heap->parallel_cleaning(false /*full gc*/);
261   // Prepare regions and collection set
262   heap->prepare_regions_and_collection_set(false /*concurrent*/);
263 
264   // Retire the TLABs, which will force threads to reacquire their TLABs after the pause.
265   // This is needed for two reasons. Strong one: new allocations would be with new freeset,
266   // which would be outside the collection set, so no cset writes would happen there.
267   // Weaker one: new allocations would happen past update watermark, and so less work would
268   // be needed for reference updates (would update the large filler instead).
269   if (UseTLAB) {
270     ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_final_manage_labs);
271     heap->tlabs_retire(false);
272   }
273 
274   if (!heap->collection_set()->is_empty()) {
275     heap->set_evacuation_in_progress(true);
276     heap->set_has_forwarded_objects(true);
277 
278     if(ShenandoahVerify) {
279       heap->verifier()->verify_during_evacuation();
280     }
281   } else {
282     if (ShenandoahVerify) {
283       heap->verifier()->verify_after_concmark();
284     }
285 
286     if (VerifyAfterGC) {
287       Universe::verify();
288     }
289   }
290 }
291 
292 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_cleanup_early() {
293   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->recycle_trash();
294 }
295 
296 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_evacuate() {
297   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_stw_evac);
298   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->evacuate_collection_set(false /* concurrent*/);
299 }
300 
301 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_init_updaterefs() {
302   // Evacuation has completed
303   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
304   heap->set_evacuation_in_progress(false);
305   heap->set_concurrent_weak_root_in_progress(false);
306   heap->set_concurrent_strong_root_in_progress(false);
307 
308   heap->prepare_update_heap_references(false /*concurrent*/);
309   heap->set_update_refs_in_progress(true);
310 }
311 
312 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_updaterefs() {
313   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
314   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_updaterefs);
315   // Handed over from concurrent update references phase
316   heap->update_heap_references(false /*concurrent*/);
317 
318   heap->set_update_refs_in_progress(false);
319   heap->set_has_forwarded_objects(false);
320 }
321 
322 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_update_roots() {
323   ShenandoahHeap* const heap = ShenandoahHeap::heap();
324 
325   update_roots(false /*full_gc*/);
326 
327   heap->update_heap_region_states(false /*concurrent*/);
328 
329   if (ShenandoahVerify) {
330     heap->verifier()->verify_after_updaterefs();
331   }
332 
333   if (VerifyAfterGC) {
334     Universe::verify();
335   }
336 
337   heap->rebuild_free_set(false /*concurrent*/);
338 }
339 
340 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_cleanup_complete() {
341   ShenandoahGCPhase phase(ShenandoahPhaseTimings::degen_gc_cleanup_complete);
342   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->recycle_trash();
343 }
344 
345 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_degenerated_fail() {
346   log_info(gc)("Cannot finish degeneration, upgrading to Full GC");
347   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->shenandoah_policy()->record_degenerated_upgrade_to_full();
348 
349   ShenandoahFullGC full_gc;
350   full_gc.op_full(GCCause::_shenandoah_upgrade_to_full_gc);
351 }
352 
353 void ShenandoahDegenGC::op_degenerated_futile() {
354   ShenandoahHeap::heap()->shenandoah_policy()->record_degenerated_upgrade_to_full();
355   ShenandoahFullGC full_gc;
356   full_gc.op_full(GCCause::_shenandoah_upgrade_to_full_gc);
357 }
358 
359 const char* ShenandoahDegenGC::degen_event_message(ShenandoahDegenPoint point) const {
360   switch (point) {
361     case _degenerated_unset:
362       return "Pause Degenerated GC (<UNSET>)";
363     case _degenerated_outside_cycle:
364       return "Pause Degenerated GC (Outside of Cycle)";
365     case _degenerated_mark:
366       return "Pause Degenerated GC (Mark)";
367     case _degenerated_evac:
368       return "Pause Degenerated GC (Evacuation)";
369     case _degenerated_updaterefs:
370       return "Pause Degenerated GC (Update Refs)";
371     default:
372       ShouldNotReachHere();
373       return "ERROR";
374   }
375 }