1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "c1/c1_CFGPrinter.hpp"
  27 #include "c1/c1_CodeStubs.hpp"
  28 #include "c1/c1_Compilation.hpp"
  29 #include "c1/c1_FrameMap.hpp"
  30 #include "c1/c1_IR.hpp"
  31 #include "c1/c1_LIRGenerator.hpp"
  32 #include "c1/c1_LinearScan.hpp"
  33 #include "c1/c1_ValueStack.hpp"
  34 #include "code/vmreg.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  36 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  37 
  38 #ifndef PRODUCT
  39 
  40   static LinearScanStatistic _stat_before_alloc;
  41   static LinearScanStatistic _stat_after_asign;
  42   static LinearScanStatistic _stat_final;
  43 
  44   static LinearScanTimers _total_timer;
  45 
  46   // helper macro for short definition of timer
  47   #define TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_name)  TraceTime _block_timer("", _total_timer.timer(LinearScanTimers::timer_name), TimeLinearScan || TimeEachLinearScan, Verbose);
  48 
  49 #else
  50   #define TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_name)
  51 #endif
  52 
  53 #ifdef ASSERT
  54 
  55   // helper macro for short definition of trace-output inside code
  56   #define TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(level, code)       \
  57     if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= level) {       \
  58       code;                                    \
  59     }
  60 #else
  61   #define TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(level, code)
  62 #endif
  63 
  64 // Map BasicType to spill size in 32-bit words, matching VMReg's notion of words
  65 #ifdef _LP64
  66 static int type2spill_size[T_CONFLICT+1]={ -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2,  1, 2, 1, -1};
  67 #else
  68 static int type2spill_size[T_CONFLICT+1]={ -1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1};
  69 #endif
  70 
  71 
  72 // Implementation of LinearScan
  73 
  74 LinearScan::LinearScan(IR* ir, LIRGenerator* gen, FrameMap* frame_map)
  75  : _compilation(ir->compilation())
  76  , _ir(ir)
  77  , _gen(gen)
  78  , _frame_map(frame_map)
  79  , _cached_blocks(*ir->linear_scan_order())
  80  , _num_virtual_regs(gen->max_virtual_register_number())
  81  , _has_fpu_registers(false)
  82  , _num_calls(-1)
  83  , _max_spills(0)
  84  , _unused_spill_slot(-1)
  85  , _intervals(0)   // initialized later with correct length
  86  , _new_intervals_from_allocation(NULL)
  87  , _sorted_intervals(NULL)
  88  , _needs_full_resort(false)
  89  , _lir_ops(0)     // initialized later with correct length
  90  , _block_of_op(0) // initialized later with correct length
  91  , _has_info(0)
  92  , _has_call(0)
  93  , _interval_in_loop(0)  // initialized later with correct length
  94  , _scope_value_cache(0) // initialized later with correct length
  95 #ifdef IA32
  96  , _fpu_stack_allocator(NULL)
  97 #endif
  98 {
  99   assert(this->ir() != NULL,          "check if valid");
 100   assert(this->compilation() != NULL, "check if valid");
 101   assert(this->gen() != NULL,         "check if valid");
 102   assert(this->frame_map() != NULL,   "check if valid");
 103 }
 104 
 105 
 106 // ********** functions for converting LIR-Operands to register numbers
 107 //
 108 // Emulate a flat register file comprising physical integer registers,
 109 // physical floating-point registers and virtual registers, in that order.
 110 // Virtual registers already have appropriate numbers, since V0 is
 111 // the number of physical registers.
 112 // Returns -1 for hi word if opr is a single word operand.
 113 //
 114 // Note: the inverse operation (calculating an operand for register numbers)
 115 //       is done in calc_operand_for_interval()
 116 
 117 int LinearScan::reg_num(LIR_Opr opr) {
 118   assert(opr->is_register(), "should not call this otherwise");
 119 
 120   if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 121     assert(opr->vreg_number() >= nof_regs, "found a virtual register with a fixed-register number");
 122     return opr->vreg_number();
 123   } else if (opr->is_single_cpu()) {
 124     return opr->cpu_regnr();
 125   } else if (opr->is_double_cpu()) {
 126     return opr->cpu_regnrLo();
 127 #ifdef X86
 128   } else if (opr->is_single_xmm()) {
 129     return opr->fpu_regnr() + pd_first_xmm_reg;
 130   } else if (opr->is_double_xmm()) {
 131     return opr->fpu_regnrLo() + pd_first_xmm_reg;
 132 #endif
 133   } else if (opr->is_single_fpu()) {
 134     return opr->fpu_regnr() + pd_first_fpu_reg;
 135   } else if (opr->is_double_fpu()) {
 136     return opr->fpu_regnrLo() + pd_first_fpu_reg;
 137   } else {
 138     ShouldNotReachHere();
 139     return -1;
 140   }
 141 }
 142 
 143 int LinearScan::reg_numHi(LIR_Opr opr) {
 144   assert(opr->is_register(), "should not call this otherwise");
 145 
 146   if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 147     return -1;
 148   } else if (opr->is_single_cpu()) {
 149     return -1;
 150   } else if (opr->is_double_cpu()) {
 151     return opr->cpu_regnrHi();
 152 #ifdef X86
 153   } else if (opr->is_single_xmm()) {
 154     return -1;
 155   } else if (opr->is_double_xmm()) {
 156     return -1;
 157 #endif
 158   } else if (opr->is_single_fpu()) {
 159     return -1;
 160   } else if (opr->is_double_fpu()) {
 161     return opr->fpu_regnrHi() + pd_first_fpu_reg;
 162   } else {
 163     ShouldNotReachHere();
 164     return -1;
 165   }
 166 }
 167 
 168 
 169 // ********** functions for classification of intervals
 170 
 171 bool LinearScan::is_precolored_interval(const Interval* i) {
 172   return i->reg_num() < LinearScan::nof_regs;
 173 }
 174 
 175 bool LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(const Interval* i) {
 176   return i->reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base;
 177 }
 178 
 179 bool LinearScan::is_precolored_cpu_interval(const Interval* i) {
 180   return i->reg_num() < LinearScan::nof_cpu_regs;
 181 }
 182 
 183 bool LinearScan::is_virtual_cpu_interval(const Interval* i) {
 184 #if defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(E500V2)
 185   return i->reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base;
 186 #else
 187   return i->reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base && (i->type() != T_FLOAT && i->type() != T_DOUBLE);
 188 #endif // __SOFTFP__ or E500V2
 189 }
 190 
 191 bool LinearScan::is_precolored_fpu_interval(const Interval* i) {
 192   return i->reg_num() >= LinearScan::nof_cpu_regs && i->reg_num() < LinearScan::nof_regs;
 193 }
 194 
 195 bool LinearScan::is_virtual_fpu_interval(const Interval* i) {
 196 #if defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(E500V2)
 197   return false;
 198 #else
 199   return i->reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base && (i->type() == T_FLOAT || i->type() == T_DOUBLE);
 200 #endif // __SOFTFP__ or E500V2
 201 }
 202 
 203 bool LinearScan::is_in_fpu_register(const Interval* i) {
 204   // fixed intervals not needed for FPU stack allocation
 205   return i->reg_num() >= nof_regs && pd_first_fpu_reg <= i->assigned_reg() && i->assigned_reg() <= pd_last_fpu_reg;
 206 }
 207 
 208 bool LinearScan::is_oop_interval(const Interval* i) {
 209   // fixed intervals never contain oops
 210   return i->reg_num() >= nof_regs && i->type() == T_OBJECT;
 211 }
 212 
 213 
 214 // ********** General helper functions
 215 
 216 // compute next unused stack index that can be used for spilling
 217 int LinearScan::allocate_spill_slot(bool double_word) {
 218   int spill_slot;
 219   if (double_word) {
 220     if ((_max_spills & 1) == 1) {
 221       // alignment of double-word values
 222       // the hole because of the alignment is filled with the next single-word value
 223       assert(_unused_spill_slot == -1, "wasting a spill slot");
 224       _unused_spill_slot = _max_spills;
 225       _max_spills++;
 226     }
 227     spill_slot = _max_spills;
 228     _max_spills += 2;
 229 
 230   } else if (_unused_spill_slot != -1) {
 231     // re-use hole that was the result of a previous double-word alignment
 232     spill_slot = _unused_spill_slot;
 233     _unused_spill_slot = -1;
 234 
 235   } else {
 236     spill_slot = _max_spills;
 237     _max_spills++;
 238   }
 239 
 240   int result = spill_slot + LinearScan::nof_regs + frame_map()->argcount();
 241 
 242   // if too many slots used, bailout compilation.
 243   if (result > 2000) {
 244     bailout("too many stack slots used");
 245   }
 246 
 247   return result;
 248 }
 249 
 250 void LinearScan::assign_spill_slot(Interval* it) {
 251   // assign the canonical spill slot of the parent (if a part of the interval
 252   // is already spilled) or allocate a new spill slot
 253   if (it->canonical_spill_slot() >= 0) {
 254     it->assign_reg(it->canonical_spill_slot());
 255   } else {
 256     int spill = allocate_spill_slot(type2spill_size[it->type()] == 2);
 257     it->set_canonical_spill_slot(spill);
 258     it->assign_reg(spill);
 259   }
 260 }
 261 
 262 void LinearScan::propagate_spill_slots() {
 263   if (!frame_map()->finalize_frame(max_spills(), compilation()->needs_stack_repair())) {
 264     bailout("frame too large");
 265   }
 266 }
 267 
 268 // create a new interval with a predefined reg_num
 269 // (only used for parent intervals that are created during the building phase)
 270 Interval* LinearScan::create_interval(int reg_num) {
 271   assert(_intervals.at(reg_num) == NULL, "overwriting existing interval");
 272 
 273   Interval* interval = new Interval(reg_num);
 274   _intervals.at_put(reg_num, interval);
 275 
 276   // assign register number for precolored intervals
 277   if (reg_num < LIR_Opr::vreg_base) {
 278     interval->assign_reg(reg_num);
 279   }
 280   return interval;
 281 }
 282 
 283 // assign a new reg_num to the interval and append it to the list of intervals
 284 // (only used for child intervals that are created during register allocation)
 285 void LinearScan::append_interval(Interval* it) {
 286   it->set_reg_num(_intervals.length());
 287   _intervals.append(it);
 288   IntervalList* new_intervals = _new_intervals_from_allocation;
 289   if (new_intervals == NULL) {
 290     new_intervals = _new_intervals_from_allocation = new IntervalList();
 291   }
 292   new_intervals->append(it);
 293 }
 294 
 295 // copy the vreg-flags if an interval is split
 296 void LinearScan::copy_register_flags(Interval* from, Interval* to) {
 297   if (gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(from->reg_num(), LIRGenerator::byte_reg)) {
 298     gen()->set_vreg_flag(to->reg_num(), LIRGenerator::byte_reg);
 299   }
 300   if (gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(from->reg_num(), LIRGenerator::callee_saved)) {
 301     gen()->set_vreg_flag(to->reg_num(), LIRGenerator::callee_saved);
 302   }
 303 
 304   // Note: do not copy the must_start_in_memory flag because it is not necessary for child
 305   //       intervals (only the very beginning of the interval must be in memory)
 306 }
 307 
 308 
 309 // ********** spill move optimization
 310 // eliminate moves from register to stack if stack slot is known to be correct
 311 
 312 // called during building of intervals
 313 void LinearScan::change_spill_definition_pos(Interval* interval, int def_pos) {
 314   assert(interval->is_split_parent(), "can only be called for split parents");
 315 
 316   switch (interval->spill_state()) {
 317     case noDefinitionFound:
 318       assert(interval->spill_definition_pos() == -1, "must no be set before");
 319       interval->set_spill_definition_pos(def_pos);
 320       interval->set_spill_state(oneDefinitionFound);
 321       break;
 322 
 323     case oneDefinitionFound:
 324       assert(def_pos <= interval->spill_definition_pos(), "positions are processed in reverse order when intervals are created");
 325       if (def_pos < interval->spill_definition_pos() - 2) {
 326         // second definition found, so no spill optimization possible for this interval
 327         interval->set_spill_state(noOptimization);
 328       } else {
 329         // two consecutive definitions (because of two-operand LIR form)
 330         assert(block_of_op_with_id(def_pos) == block_of_op_with_id(interval->spill_definition_pos()), "block must be equal");
 331       }
 332       break;
 333 
 334     case noOptimization:
 335       // nothing to do
 336       break;
 337 
 338     default:
 339       assert(false, "other states not allowed at this time");
 340   }
 341 }
 342 
 343 // called during register allocation
 344 void LinearScan::change_spill_state(Interval* interval, int spill_pos) {
 345   switch (interval->spill_state()) {
 346     case oneDefinitionFound: {
 347       int def_loop_depth = block_of_op_with_id(interval->spill_definition_pos())->loop_depth();
 348       int spill_loop_depth = block_of_op_with_id(spill_pos)->loop_depth();
 349 
 350       if (def_loop_depth < spill_loop_depth) {
 351         // the loop depth of the spilling position is higher then the loop depth
 352         // at the definition of the interval -> move write to memory out of loop
 353         // by storing at definitin of the interval
 354         interval->set_spill_state(storeAtDefinition);
 355       } else {
 356         // the interval is currently spilled only once, so for now there is no
 357         // reason to store the interval at the definition
 358         interval->set_spill_state(oneMoveInserted);
 359       }
 360       break;
 361     }
 362 
 363     case oneMoveInserted: {
 364       // the interval is spilled more then once, so it is better to store it to
 365       // memory at the definition
 366       interval->set_spill_state(storeAtDefinition);
 367       break;
 368     }
 369 
 370     case storeAtDefinition:
 371     case startInMemory:
 372     case noOptimization:
 373     case noDefinitionFound:
 374       // nothing to do
 375       break;
 376 
 377     default:
 378       assert(false, "other states not allowed at this time");
 379   }
 380 }
 381 
 382 
 383 bool LinearScan::must_store_at_definition(const Interval* i) {
 384   return i->is_split_parent() && i->spill_state() == storeAtDefinition;
 385 }
 386 
 387 // called once before assignment of register numbers
 388 void LinearScan::eliminate_spill_moves() {
 389   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_eliminate_spill_moves);
 390   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("***** Eliminating unnecessary spill moves"));
 391 
 392   // collect all intervals that must be stored after their definion.
 393   // the list is sorted by Interval::spill_definition_pos
 394   Interval* interval;
 395   Interval* temp_list;
 396   create_unhandled_lists(&interval, &temp_list, must_store_at_definition, NULL);
 397 
 398 #ifdef ASSERT
 399   Interval* prev = NULL;
 400   Interval* temp = interval;
 401   while (temp != Interval::end()) {
 402     assert(temp->spill_definition_pos() > 0, "invalid spill definition pos");
 403     if (prev != NULL) {
 404       assert(temp->from() >= prev->from(), "intervals not sorted");
 405       assert(temp->spill_definition_pos() >= prev->spill_definition_pos(), "when intervals are sorted by from, then they must also be sorted by spill_definition_pos");
 406     }
 407 
 408     assert(temp->canonical_spill_slot() >= LinearScan::nof_regs, "interval has no spill slot assigned");
 409     assert(temp->spill_definition_pos() >= temp->from(), "invalid order");
 410     assert(temp->spill_definition_pos() <= temp->from() + 2, "only intervals defined once at their start-pos can be optimized");
 411 
 412     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("interval %d (from %d to %d) must be stored at %d", temp->reg_num(), temp->from(), temp->to(), temp->spill_definition_pos()));
 413 
 414     temp = temp->next();
 415   }
 416 #endif
 417 
 418   LIR_InsertionBuffer insertion_buffer;
 419   int num_blocks = block_count();
 420   for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
 421     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
 422     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
 423     int         num_inst = instructions->length();
 424     bool        has_new = false;
 425 
 426     // iterate all instructions of the block. skip the first because it is always a label
 427     for (int j = 1; j < num_inst; j++) {
 428       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
 429       int op_id = op->id();
 430 
 431       if (op_id == -1) {
 432         // remove move from register to stack if the stack slot is guaranteed to be correct.
 433         // only moves that have been inserted by LinearScan can be removed.
 434         assert(op->code() == lir_move, "only moves can have a op_id of -1");
 435         assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "move must be LIR_Op1");
 436         assert(op->as_Op1()->result_opr()->is_virtual(), "LinearScan inserts only moves to virtual registers");
 437 
 438         LIR_Op1* op1 = (LIR_Op1*)op;
 439         Interval* interval = interval_at(op1->result_opr()->vreg_number());
 440 
 441         if (interval->assigned_reg() >= LinearScan::nof_regs && interval->always_in_memory()) {
 442           // move target is a stack slot that is always correct, so eliminate instruction
 443           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("eliminating move from interval %d to %d", op1->in_opr()->vreg_number(), op1->result_opr()->vreg_number()));
 444           instructions->at_put(j, NULL); // NULL-instructions are deleted by assign_reg_num
 445         }
 446 
 447       } else {
 448         // insert move from register to stack just after the beginning of the interval
 449         assert(interval == Interval::end() || interval->spill_definition_pos() >= op_id, "invalid order");
 450         assert(interval == Interval::end() || (interval->is_split_parent() && interval->spill_state() == storeAtDefinition), "invalid interval");
 451 
 452         while (interval != Interval::end() && interval->spill_definition_pos() == op_id) {
 453           if (!has_new) {
 454             // prepare insertion buffer (appended when all instructions of the block are processed)
 455             insertion_buffer.init(block->lir());
 456             has_new = true;
 457           }
 458 
 459           LIR_Opr from_opr = operand_for_interval(interval);
 460           LIR_Opr to_opr = canonical_spill_opr(interval);
 461           assert(from_opr->is_fixed_cpu() || from_opr->is_fixed_fpu(), "from operand must be a register");
 462           assert(to_opr->is_stack(), "to operand must be a stack slot");
 463 
 464           insertion_buffer.move(j, from_opr, to_opr);
 465           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("inserting move after definition of interval %d to stack slot %d at op_id %d", interval->reg_num(), interval->canonical_spill_slot() - LinearScan::nof_regs, op_id));
 466 
 467           interval = interval->next();
 468         }
 469       }
 470     } // end of instruction iteration
 471 
 472     if (has_new) {
 473       block->lir()->append(&insertion_buffer);
 474     }
 475   } // end of block iteration
 476 
 477   assert(interval == Interval::end(), "missed an interval");
 478 }
 479 
 480 
 481 // ********** Phase 1: number all instructions in all blocks
 482 // Compute depth-first and linear scan block orders, and number LIR_Op nodes for linear scan.
 483 
 484 void LinearScan::number_instructions() {
 485   {
 486     // dummy-timer to measure the cost of the timer itself
 487     // (this time is then subtracted from all other timers to get the real value)
 488     TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_do_nothing);
 489   }
 490   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_number_instructions);
 491 
 492   // Assign IDs to LIR nodes and build a mapping, lir_ops, from ID to LIR_Op node.
 493   int num_blocks = block_count();
 494   int num_instructions = 0;
 495   int i;
 496   for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
 497     num_instructions += block_at(i)->lir()->instructions_list()->length();
 498   }
 499 
 500   // initialize with correct length
 501   _lir_ops = LIR_OpArray(num_instructions, num_instructions, NULL);
 502   _block_of_op = BlockBeginArray(num_instructions, num_instructions, NULL);
 503 
 504   int op_id = 0;
 505   int idx = 0;
 506 
 507   for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
 508     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
 509     block->set_first_lir_instruction_id(op_id);
 510     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
 511 
 512     int num_inst = instructions->length();
 513     for (int j = 0; j < num_inst; j++) {
 514       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
 515       op->set_id(op_id);
 516 
 517       _lir_ops.at_put(idx, op);
 518       _block_of_op.at_put(idx, block);
 519       assert(lir_op_with_id(op_id) == op, "must match");
 520 
 521       idx++;
 522       op_id += 2; // numbering of lir_ops by two
 523     }
 524     block->set_last_lir_instruction_id(op_id - 2);
 525   }
 526   assert(idx == num_instructions, "must match");
 527   assert(idx * 2 == op_id, "must match");
 528 
 529   _has_call.initialize(num_instructions);
 530   _has_info.initialize(num_instructions);
 531 }
 532 
 533 
 534 // ********** Phase 2: compute local live sets separately for each block
 535 // (sets live_gen and live_kill for each block)
 536 
 537 void LinearScan::set_live_gen_kill(Value value, LIR_Op* op, BitMap& live_gen, BitMap& live_kill) {
 538   LIR_Opr opr = value->operand();
 539   Constant* con = value->as_Constant();
 540 
 541   // check some asumptions about debug information
 542   assert(!value->type()->is_illegal(), "if this local is used by the interpreter it shouldn't be of indeterminate type");
 543   assert(con == NULL || opr->is_virtual() || opr->is_constant() || opr->is_illegal(), "assumption: Constant instructions have only constant operands");
 544   assert(con != NULL || opr->is_virtual(), "assumption: non-Constant instructions have only virtual operands");
 545 
 546   if ((con == NULL || con->is_pinned()) && opr->is_register()) {
 547     assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 548     int reg = opr->vreg_number();
 549     if (!live_kill.at(reg)) {
 550       live_gen.set_bit(reg);
 551       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("  Setting live_gen for value %c%d, LIR op_id %d, register number %d", value->type()->tchar(), value->id(), op->id(), reg));
 552     }
 553   }
 554 }
 555 
 556 
 557 void LinearScan::compute_local_live_sets() {
 558   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_compute_local_live_sets);
 559 
 560   int  num_blocks = block_count();
 561   int  live_size = live_set_size();
 562   bool local_has_fpu_registers = false;
 563   int  local_num_calls = 0;
 564   LIR_OpVisitState visitor;
 565 
 566   BitMap2D local_interval_in_loop = BitMap2D(_num_virtual_regs, num_loops());
 567 
 568   // iterate all blocks
 569   for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
 570     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
 571 
 572     ResourceBitMap live_gen(live_size);
 573     ResourceBitMap live_kill(live_size);
 574 
 575     if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag)) {
 576       // Phi functions at the begin of an exception handler are
 577       // implicitly defined (= killed) at the beginning of the block.
 578       for_each_phi_fun(block, phi,
 579         if (!phi->is_illegal()) { live_kill.set_bit(phi->operand()->vreg_number()); }
 580       );
 581     }
 582 
 583     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
 584     int num_inst = instructions->length();
 585 
 586     // iterate all instructions of the block. skip the first because it is always a label
 587     assert(visitor.no_operands(instructions->at(0)), "first operation must always be a label");
 588     for (int j = 1; j < num_inst; j++) {
 589       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
 590 
 591       // visit operation to collect all operands
 592       visitor.visit(op);
 593 
 594       if (visitor.has_call()) {
 595         _has_call.set_bit(op->id() >> 1);
 596         local_num_calls++;
 597       }
 598       if (visitor.info_count() > 0) {
 599         _has_info.set_bit(op->id() >> 1);
 600       }
 601 
 602       // iterate input operands of instruction
 603       int k, n, reg;
 604       n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode);
 605       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
 606         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode, k);
 607         assert(opr->is_register(), "visitor should only return register operands");
 608 
 609         if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 610           assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 611           reg = opr->vreg_number();
 612           if (!live_kill.at(reg)) {
 613             live_gen.set_bit(reg);
 614             TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("  Setting live_gen for register %d at instruction %d", reg, op->id()));
 615           }
 616           if (block->loop_index() >= 0) {
 617             local_interval_in_loop.set_bit(reg, block->loop_index());
 618           }
 619           local_has_fpu_registers = local_has_fpu_registers || opr->is_virtual_fpu();
 620         }
 621 
 622 #ifdef ASSERT
 623         // fixed intervals are never live at block boundaries, so
 624         // they need not be processed in live sets.
 625         // this is checked by these assertions to be sure about it.
 626         // the entry block may have incoming values in registers, which is ok.
 627         if (!opr->is_virtual_register() && block != ir()->start()) {
 628           reg = reg_num(opr);
 629           if (is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 630             assert(live_kill.at(reg), "using fixed register that is not defined in this block");
 631           }
 632           reg = reg_numHi(opr);
 633           if (is_valid_reg_num(reg) && is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 634             assert(live_kill.at(reg), "using fixed register that is not defined in this block");
 635           }
 636         }
 637 #endif
 638       }
 639 
 640       // Add uses of live locals from interpreter's point of view for proper debug information generation
 641       n = visitor.info_count();
 642       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
 643         CodeEmitInfo* info = visitor.info_at(k);
 644         ValueStack* stack = info->stack();
 645         for_each_state_value(stack, value,
 646           set_live_gen_kill(value, op, live_gen, live_kill);
 647           local_has_fpu_registers = local_has_fpu_registers || value->type()->is_float_kind();
 648         );
 649       }
 650 
 651       // iterate temp operands of instruction
 652       n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode);
 653       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
 654         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode, k);
 655         assert(opr->is_register(), "visitor should only return register operands");
 656 
 657         if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 658           assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 659           reg = opr->vreg_number();
 660           live_kill.set_bit(reg);
 661           if (block->loop_index() >= 0) {
 662             local_interval_in_loop.set_bit(reg, block->loop_index());
 663           }
 664           local_has_fpu_registers = local_has_fpu_registers || opr->is_virtual_fpu();
 665         }
 666 
 667 #ifdef ASSERT
 668         // fixed intervals are never live at block boundaries, so
 669         // they need not be processed in live sets
 670         // process them only in debug mode so that this can be checked
 671         if (!opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 672           reg = reg_num(opr);
 673           if (is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 674             live_kill.set_bit(reg_num(opr));
 675           }
 676           reg = reg_numHi(opr);
 677           if (is_valid_reg_num(reg) && is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 678             live_kill.set_bit(reg);
 679           }
 680         }
 681 #endif
 682       }
 683 
 684       // iterate output operands of instruction
 685       n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
 686       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
 687         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode, k);
 688         assert(opr->is_register(), "visitor should only return register operands");
 689 
 690         if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 691           assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 692           reg = opr->vreg_number();
 693           live_kill.set_bit(reg);
 694           if (block->loop_index() >= 0) {
 695             local_interval_in_loop.set_bit(reg, block->loop_index());
 696           }
 697           local_has_fpu_registers = local_has_fpu_registers || opr->is_virtual_fpu();
 698         }
 699 
 700 #ifdef ASSERT
 701         // fixed intervals are never live at block boundaries, so
 702         // they need not be processed in live sets
 703         // process them only in debug mode so that this can be checked
 704         if (!opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 705           reg = reg_num(opr);
 706           if (is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 707             live_kill.set_bit(reg_num(opr));
 708           }
 709           reg = reg_numHi(opr);
 710           if (is_valid_reg_num(reg) && is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 711             live_kill.set_bit(reg);
 712           }
 713         }
 714 #endif
 715       }
 716     } // end of instruction iteration
 717 
 718     block->set_live_gen (live_gen);
 719     block->set_live_kill(live_kill);
 720     block->set_live_in  (ResourceBitMap(live_size));
 721     block->set_live_out (ResourceBitMap(live_size));
 722 
 723     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("live_gen  B%d ", block->block_id()); print_bitmap(block->live_gen()));
 724     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("live_kill B%d ", block->block_id()); print_bitmap(block->live_kill()));
 725   } // end of block iteration
 726 
 727   // propagate local calculated information into LinearScan object
 728   _has_fpu_registers = local_has_fpu_registers;
 729   compilation()->set_has_fpu_code(local_has_fpu_registers);
 730 
 731   _num_calls = local_num_calls;
 732   _interval_in_loop = local_interval_in_loop;
 733 }
 734 
 735 
 736 // ********** Phase 3: perform a backward dataflow analysis to compute global live sets
 737 // (sets live_in and live_out for each block)
 738 
 739 void LinearScan::compute_global_live_sets() {
 740   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_compute_global_live_sets);
 741 
 742   int  num_blocks = block_count();
 743   bool change_occurred;
 744   bool change_occurred_in_block;
 745   int  iteration_count = 0;
 746   ResourceBitMap live_out(live_set_size()); // scratch set for calculations
 747 
 748   // Perform a backward dataflow analysis to compute live_out and live_in for each block.
 749   // The loop is executed until a fixpoint is reached (no changes in an iteration)
 750   // Exception handlers must be processed because not all live values are
 751   // present in the state array, e.g. because of global value numbering
 752   do {
 753     change_occurred = false;
 754 
 755     // iterate all blocks in reverse order
 756     for (int i = num_blocks - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 757       BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
 758 
 759       change_occurred_in_block = false;
 760 
 761       // live_out(block) is the union of live_in(sux), for successors sux of block
 762       int n = block->number_of_sux();
 763       int e = block->number_of_exception_handlers();
 764       if (n + e > 0) {
 765         // block has successors
 766         if (n > 0) {
 767           live_out.set_from(block->sux_at(0)->live_in());
 768           for (int j = 1; j < n; j++) {
 769             live_out.set_union(block->sux_at(j)->live_in());
 770           }
 771         } else {
 772           live_out.clear();
 773         }
 774         for (int j = 0; j < e; j++) {
 775           live_out.set_union(block->exception_handler_at(j)->live_in());
 776         }
 777 
 778         if (!block->live_out().is_same(live_out)) {
 779           // A change occurred.  Swap the old and new live out sets to avoid copying.
 780           ResourceBitMap temp = block->live_out();
 781           block->set_live_out(live_out);
 782           live_out = temp;
 783 
 784           change_occurred = true;
 785           change_occurred_in_block = true;
 786         }
 787       }
 788 
 789       if (iteration_count == 0 || change_occurred_in_block) {
 790         // live_in(block) is the union of live_gen(block) with (live_out(block) & !live_kill(block))
 791         // note: live_in has to be computed only in first iteration or if live_out has changed!
 792         ResourceBitMap live_in = block->live_in();
 793         live_in.set_from(block->live_out());
 794         live_in.set_difference(block->live_kill());
 795         live_in.set_union(block->live_gen());
 796       }
 797 
 798 #ifdef ASSERT
 799       if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
 800         char c = ' ';
 801         if (iteration_count == 0 || change_occurred_in_block) {
 802           c = '*';
 803         }
 804         tty->print("(%d) live_in%c  B%d ", iteration_count, c, block->block_id()); print_bitmap(block->live_in());
 805         tty->print("(%d) live_out%c B%d ", iteration_count, c, block->block_id()); print_bitmap(block->live_out());
 806       }
 807 #endif
 808     }
 809     iteration_count++;
 810 
 811     if (change_occurred && iteration_count > 50) {
 812       BAILOUT("too many iterations in compute_global_live_sets");
 813     }
 814   } while (change_occurred);
 815 
 816 
 817 #ifdef ASSERT
 818   // check that fixed intervals are not live at block boundaries
 819   // (live set must be empty at fixed intervals)
 820   for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
 821     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
 822     for (int j = 0; j < LIR_Opr::vreg_base; j++) {
 823       assert(block->live_in().at(j)  == false, "live_in  set of fixed register must be empty");
 824       assert(block->live_out().at(j) == false, "live_out set of fixed register must be empty");
 825       assert(block->live_gen().at(j) == false, "live_gen set of fixed register must be empty");
 826     }
 827   }
 828 #endif
 829 
 830   // check that the live_in set of the first block is empty
 831   ResourceBitMap live_in_args(ir()->start()->live_in().size());
 832   if (!ir()->start()->live_in().is_same(live_in_args)) {
 833 #ifdef ASSERT
 834     tty->print_cr("Error: live_in set of first block must be empty (when this fails, virtual registers are used before they are defined)");
 835     tty->print_cr("affected registers:");
 836     print_bitmap(ir()->start()->live_in());
 837 
 838     // print some additional information to simplify debugging
 839     for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ir()->start()->live_in().size(); i++) {
 840       if (ir()->start()->live_in().at(i)) {
 841         Instruction* instr = gen()->instruction_for_vreg(i);
 842         tty->print_cr("* vreg %d (HIR instruction %c%d)", i, instr == NULL ? ' ' : instr->type()->tchar(), instr == NULL ? 0 : instr->id());
 843 
 844         for (int j = 0; j < num_blocks; j++) {
 845           BlockBegin* block = block_at(j);
 846           if (block->live_gen().at(i)) {
 847             tty->print_cr("  used in block B%d", block->block_id());
 848           }
 849           if (block->live_kill().at(i)) {
 850             tty->print_cr("  defined in block B%d", block->block_id());
 851           }
 852         }
 853       }
 854     }
 855 
 856 #endif
 857     // when this fails, virtual registers are used before they are defined.
 858     assert(false, "live_in set of first block must be empty");
 859     // bailout of if this occurs in product mode.
 860     bailout("live_in set of first block not empty");
 861   }
 862 }
 863 
 864 
 865 // ********** Phase 4: build intervals
 866 // (fills the list _intervals)
 867 
 868 void LinearScan::add_use(Value value, int from, int to, IntervalUseKind use_kind) {
 869   assert(!value->type()->is_illegal(), "if this value is used by the interpreter it shouldn't be of indeterminate type");
 870   LIR_Opr opr = value->operand();
 871   Constant* con = value->as_Constant();
 872 
 873   if ((con == NULL || con->is_pinned()) && opr->is_register()) {
 874     assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 875     add_use(opr, from, to, use_kind);
 876   }
 877 }
 878 
 879 
 880 void LinearScan::add_def(LIR_Opr opr, int def_pos, IntervalUseKind use_kind) {
 881   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print(" def "); opr->print(tty); tty->print_cr(" def_pos %d (%d)", def_pos, use_kind));
 882   assert(opr->is_register(), "should not be called otherwise");
 883 
 884   if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 885     assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 886     add_def(opr->vreg_number(), def_pos, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 887 
 888   } else {
 889     int reg = reg_num(opr);
 890     if (is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 891       add_def(reg, def_pos, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 892     }
 893     reg = reg_numHi(opr);
 894     if (is_valid_reg_num(reg) && is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 895       add_def(reg, def_pos, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 896     }
 897   }
 898 }
 899 
 900 void LinearScan::add_use(LIR_Opr opr, int from, int to, IntervalUseKind use_kind) {
 901   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print(" use "); opr->print(tty); tty->print_cr(" from %d to %d (%d)", from, to, use_kind));
 902   assert(opr->is_register(), "should not be called otherwise");
 903 
 904   if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 905     assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 906     add_use(opr->vreg_number(), from, to, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 907 
 908   } else {
 909     int reg = reg_num(opr);
 910     if (is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 911       add_use(reg, from, to, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 912     }
 913     reg = reg_numHi(opr);
 914     if (is_valid_reg_num(reg) && is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 915       add_use(reg, from, to, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 916     }
 917   }
 918 }
 919 
 920 void LinearScan::add_temp(LIR_Opr opr, int temp_pos, IntervalUseKind use_kind) {
 921   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print(" temp "); opr->print(tty); tty->print_cr(" temp_pos %d (%d)", temp_pos, use_kind));
 922   assert(opr->is_register(), "should not be called otherwise");
 923 
 924   if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
 925     assert(reg_num(opr) == opr->vreg_number() && !is_valid_reg_num(reg_numHi(opr)), "invalid optimization below");
 926     add_temp(opr->vreg_number(), temp_pos, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 927 
 928   } else {
 929     int reg = reg_num(opr);
 930     if (is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 931       add_temp(reg, temp_pos, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 932     }
 933     reg = reg_numHi(opr);
 934     if (is_valid_reg_num(reg) && is_processed_reg_num(reg)) {
 935       add_temp(reg, temp_pos, use_kind, opr->type_register());
 936     }
 937   }
 938 }
 939 
 940 
 941 void LinearScan::add_def(int reg_num, int def_pos, IntervalUseKind use_kind, BasicType type) {
 942   Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num);
 943   if (interval != NULL) {
 944     assert(interval->reg_num() == reg_num, "wrong interval");
 945 
 946     if (type != T_ILLEGAL) {
 947       interval->set_type(type);
 948     }
 949 
 950     Range* r = interval->first();
 951     if (r->from() <= def_pos) {
 952       // Update the starting point (when a range is first created for a use, its
 953       // start is the beginning of the current block until a def is encountered.)
 954       r->set_from(def_pos);
 955       interval->add_use_pos(def_pos, use_kind);
 956 
 957     } else {
 958       // Dead value - make vacuous interval
 959       // also add use_kind for dead intervals
 960       interval->add_range(def_pos, def_pos + 1);
 961       interval->add_use_pos(def_pos, use_kind);
 962       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("Warning: def of reg %d at %d occurs without use", reg_num, def_pos));
 963     }
 964 
 965   } else {
 966     // Dead value - make vacuous interval
 967     // also add use_kind for dead intervals
 968     interval = create_interval(reg_num);
 969     if (type != T_ILLEGAL) {
 970       interval->set_type(type);
 971     }
 972 
 973     interval->add_range(def_pos, def_pos + 1);
 974     interval->add_use_pos(def_pos, use_kind);
 975     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("Warning: dead value %d at %d in live intervals", reg_num, def_pos));
 976   }
 977 
 978   change_spill_definition_pos(interval, def_pos);
 979   if (use_kind == noUse && interval->spill_state() <= startInMemory) {
 980         // detection of method-parameters and roundfp-results
 981         // TODO: move this directly to position where use-kind is computed
 982     interval->set_spill_state(startInMemory);
 983   }
 984 }
 985 
 986 void LinearScan::add_use(int reg_num, int from, int to, IntervalUseKind use_kind, BasicType type) {
 987   Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num);
 988   if (interval == NULL) {
 989     interval = create_interval(reg_num);
 990   }
 991   assert(interval->reg_num() == reg_num, "wrong interval");
 992 
 993   if (type != T_ILLEGAL) {
 994     interval->set_type(type);
 995   }
 996 
 997   interval->add_range(from, to);
 998   interval->add_use_pos(to, use_kind);
 999 }
1000 
1001 void LinearScan::add_temp(int reg_num, int temp_pos, IntervalUseKind use_kind, BasicType type) {
1002   Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num);
1003   if (interval == NULL) {
1004     interval = create_interval(reg_num);
1005   }
1006   assert(interval->reg_num() == reg_num, "wrong interval");
1007 
1008   if (type != T_ILLEGAL) {
1009     interval->set_type(type);
1010   }
1011 
1012   interval->add_range(temp_pos, temp_pos + 1);
1013   interval->add_use_pos(temp_pos, use_kind);
1014 }
1015 
1016 
1017 // the results of this functions are used for optimizing spilling and reloading
1018 // if the functions return shouldHaveRegister and the interval is spilled,
1019 // it is not reloaded to a register.
1020 IntervalUseKind LinearScan::use_kind_of_output_operand(LIR_Op* op, LIR_Opr opr) {
1021   if (op->code() == lir_move) {
1022     assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "lir_move must be LIR_Op1");
1023     LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
1024     LIR_Opr res = move->result_opr();
1025     bool result_in_memory = res->is_virtual() && gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(res->vreg_number(), LIRGenerator::must_start_in_memory);
1026 
1027     if (result_in_memory) {
1028       // Begin of an interval with must_start_in_memory set.
1029       // This interval will always get a stack slot first, so return noUse.
1030       return noUse;
1031 
1032     } else if (move->in_opr()->is_stack()) {
1033       // method argument (condition must be equal to handle_method_arguments)
1034       return noUse;
1035 
1036     } else if (move->in_opr()->is_register() && move->result_opr()->is_register()) {
1037       // Move from register to register
1038       if (block_of_op_with_id(op->id())->is_set(BlockBegin::osr_entry_flag)) {
1039         // special handling of phi-function moves inside osr-entry blocks
1040         // input operand must have a register instead of output operand (leads to better register allocation)
1041         return shouldHaveRegister;
1042       }
1043     }
1044   }
1045 
1046   if (opr->is_virtual() &&
1047       gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(opr->vreg_number(), LIRGenerator::must_start_in_memory)) {
1048     // result is a stack-slot, so prevent immediate reloading
1049     return noUse;
1050   }
1051 
1052   // all other operands require a register
1053   return mustHaveRegister;
1054 }
1055 
1056 IntervalUseKind LinearScan::use_kind_of_input_operand(LIR_Op* op, LIR_Opr opr) {
1057   if (op->code() == lir_move) {
1058     assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "lir_move must be LIR_Op1");
1059     LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
1060     LIR_Opr res = move->result_opr();
1061     bool result_in_memory = res->is_virtual() && gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(res->vreg_number(), LIRGenerator::must_start_in_memory);
1062 
1063     if (result_in_memory) {
1064       // Move to an interval with must_start_in_memory set.
1065       // To avoid moves from stack to stack (not allowed) force the input operand to a register
1066       return mustHaveRegister;
1067 
1068     } else if (move->in_opr()->is_register() && move->result_opr()->is_register()) {
1069       // Move from register to register
1070       if (block_of_op_with_id(op->id())->is_set(BlockBegin::osr_entry_flag)) {
1071         // special handling of phi-function moves inside osr-entry blocks
1072         // input operand must have a register instead of output operand (leads to better register allocation)
1073         return mustHaveRegister;
1074       }
1075 
1076       // The input operand is not forced to a register (moves from stack to register are allowed),
1077       // but it is faster if the input operand is in a register
1078       return shouldHaveRegister;
1079     }
1080   }
1081 
1082 
1083 #if defined(X86) || defined(S390)
1084   if (op->code() == lir_cmove) {
1085     // conditional moves can handle stack operands
1086     assert(op->result_opr()->is_register(), "result must always be in a register");
1087     return shouldHaveRegister;
1088   }
1089 
1090   // optimizations for second input operand of arithmehtic operations on Intel
1091   // this operand is allowed to be on the stack in some cases
1092   BasicType opr_type = opr->type_register();
1093   if (opr_type == T_FLOAT || opr_type == T_DOUBLE) {
1094     if (IA32_ONLY( (UseSSE == 1 && opr_type == T_FLOAT) || UseSSE >= 2 ) NOT_IA32( true )) {
1095       // SSE float instruction (T_DOUBLE only supported with SSE2)
1096       switch (op->code()) {
1097         case lir_cmp:
1098         case lir_add:
1099         case lir_sub:
1100         case lir_mul:
1101         case lir_div:
1102         {
1103           assert(op->as_Op2() != NULL, "must be LIR_Op2");
1104           LIR_Op2* op2 = (LIR_Op2*)op;
1105           if (op2->in_opr1() != op2->in_opr2() && op2->in_opr2() == opr) {
1106             assert((op2->result_opr()->is_register() || op->code() == lir_cmp) && op2->in_opr1()->is_register(), "cannot mark second operand as stack if others are not in register");
1107             return shouldHaveRegister;
1108           }
1109         }
1110         default:
1111           break;
1112       }
1113     } else {
1114       // FPU stack float instruction
1115       switch (op->code()) {
1116         case lir_add:
1117         case lir_sub:
1118         case lir_mul:
1119         case lir_div:
1120         {
1121           assert(op->as_Op2() != NULL, "must be LIR_Op2");
1122           LIR_Op2* op2 = (LIR_Op2*)op;
1123           if (op2->in_opr1() != op2->in_opr2() && op2->in_opr2() == opr) {
1124             assert((op2->result_opr()->is_register() || op->code() == lir_cmp) && op2->in_opr1()->is_register(), "cannot mark second operand as stack if others are not in register");
1125             return shouldHaveRegister;
1126           }
1127         }
1128         default:
1129           break;
1130       }
1131     }
1132     // We want to sometimes use logical operations on pointers, in particular in GC barriers.
1133     // Since 64bit logical operations do not current support operands on stack, we have to make sure
1134     // T_OBJECT doesn't get spilled along with T_LONG.
1135   } else if (opr_type != T_LONG LP64_ONLY(&& opr_type != T_OBJECT)) {
1136     // integer instruction (note: long operands must always be in register)
1137     switch (op->code()) {
1138       case lir_cmp:
1139       case lir_add:
1140       case lir_sub:
1141       case lir_logic_and:
1142       case lir_logic_or:
1143       case lir_logic_xor:
1144       {
1145         assert(op->as_Op2() != NULL, "must be LIR_Op2");
1146         LIR_Op2* op2 = (LIR_Op2*)op;
1147         if (op2->in_opr1() != op2->in_opr2() && op2->in_opr2() == opr) {
1148           assert((op2->result_opr()->is_register() || op->code() == lir_cmp) && op2->in_opr1()->is_register(), "cannot mark second operand as stack if others are not in register");
1149           return shouldHaveRegister;
1150         }
1151       }
1152       default:
1153         break;
1154     }
1155   }
1156 #endif // X86 || S390
1157 
1158   // all other operands require a register
1159   return mustHaveRegister;
1160 }
1161 
1162 
1163 void LinearScan::handle_method_arguments(LIR_Op* op) {
1164   // special handling for method arguments (moves from stack to virtual register):
1165   // the interval gets no register assigned, but the stack slot.
1166   // it is split before the first use by the register allocator.
1167 
1168   if (op->code() == lir_move) {
1169     assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "must be LIR_Op1");
1170     LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
1171 
1172     if (move->in_opr()->is_stack()) {
1173 #ifdef ASSERT
1174       int arg_size = compilation()->method()->arg_size();
1175       LIR_Opr o = move->in_opr();
1176       if (o->is_single_stack()) {
1177         assert(o->single_stack_ix() >= 0 && o->single_stack_ix() < arg_size, "out of range");
1178       } else if (o->is_double_stack()) {
1179         assert(o->double_stack_ix() >= 0 && o->double_stack_ix() < arg_size, "out of range");
1180       } else {
1181         ShouldNotReachHere();
1182       }
1183 
1184       assert(move->id() > 0, "invalid id");
1185       assert(block_of_op_with_id(move->id())->number_of_preds() == 0, "move from stack must be in first block");
1186       assert(move->result_opr()->is_virtual(), "result of move must be a virtual register");
1187 
1188       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("found move from stack slot %d to vreg %d", o->is_single_stack() ? o->single_stack_ix() : o->double_stack_ix(), reg_num(move->result_opr())));
1189 #endif
1190 
1191       Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num(move->result_opr()));
1192 
1193       int stack_slot = LinearScan::nof_regs + (move->in_opr()->is_single_stack() ? move->in_opr()->single_stack_ix() : move->in_opr()->double_stack_ix());
1194       interval->set_canonical_spill_slot(stack_slot);
1195       interval->assign_reg(stack_slot);
1196     }
1197   }
1198 }
1199 
1200 void LinearScan::handle_doubleword_moves(LIR_Op* op) {
1201   // special handling for doubleword move from memory to register:
1202   // in this case the registers of the input address and the result
1203   // registers must not overlap -> add a temp range for the input registers
1204   if (op->code() == lir_move) {
1205     assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "must be LIR_Op1");
1206     LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
1207 
1208     if (move->result_opr()->is_double_cpu() && move->in_opr()->is_pointer()) {
1209       LIR_Address* address = move->in_opr()->as_address_ptr();
1210       if (address != NULL) {
1211         if (address->base()->is_valid()) {
1212           add_temp(address->base(), op->id(), noUse);
1213         }
1214         if (address->index()->is_valid()) {
1215           add_temp(address->index(), op->id(), noUse);
1216         }
1217       }
1218     }
1219   }
1220 }
1221 
1222 void LinearScan::add_register_hints(LIR_Op* op) {
1223   switch (op->code()) {
1224     case lir_move:      // fall through
1225     case lir_convert: {
1226       assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "lir_move, lir_convert must be LIR_Op1");
1227       LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
1228 
1229       LIR_Opr move_from = move->in_opr();
1230       LIR_Opr move_to = move->result_opr();
1231 
1232       if (move_to->is_register() && move_from->is_register()) {
1233         Interval* from = interval_at(reg_num(move_from));
1234         Interval* to = interval_at(reg_num(move_to));
1235         if (from != NULL && to != NULL) {
1236           to->set_register_hint(from);
1237           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("operation at op_id %d: added hint from interval %d to %d", move->id(), from->reg_num(), to->reg_num()));
1238         }
1239       }
1240       break;
1241     }
1242     case lir_cmove: {
1243       assert(op->as_Op4() != NULL, "lir_cmove must be LIR_Op4");
1244       LIR_Op4* cmove = (LIR_Op4*)op;
1245 
1246       LIR_Opr move_from = cmove->in_opr1();
1247       LIR_Opr move_to   = cmove->result_opr();
1248 
1249       if (move_to->is_register() && move_from->is_register()) {
1250         Interval* from = interval_at(reg_num(move_from));
1251         Interval* to = interval_at(reg_num(move_to));
1252         if (from != NULL && to != NULL) {
1253           to->set_register_hint(from);
1254           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("operation at op_id %d: added hint from interval %d to %d", cmove->id(), from->reg_num(), to->reg_num()));
1255         }
1256       }
1257       break;
1258     }
1259     default:
1260       break;
1261   }
1262 }
1263 
1264 
1265 void LinearScan::build_intervals() {
1266   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_build_intervals);
1267 
1268   // initialize interval list with expected number of intervals
1269   // (32 is added to have some space for split children without having to resize the list)
1270   _intervals = IntervalList(num_virtual_regs() + 32);
1271   // initialize all slots that are used by build_intervals
1272   _intervals.at_put_grow(num_virtual_regs() - 1, NULL, NULL);
1273 
1274   // create a list with all caller-save registers (cpu, fpu, xmm)
1275   // when an instruction is a call, a temp range is created for all these registers
1276   int num_caller_save_registers = 0;
1277   int caller_save_registers[LinearScan::nof_regs];
1278 
1279   int i;
1280   for (i = 0; i < FrameMap::nof_caller_save_cpu_regs(); i++) {
1281     LIR_Opr opr = FrameMap::caller_save_cpu_reg_at(i);
1282     assert(opr->is_valid() && opr->is_register(), "FrameMap should not return invalid operands");
1283     assert(reg_numHi(opr) == -1, "missing addition of range for hi-register");
1284     caller_save_registers[num_caller_save_registers++] = reg_num(opr);
1285   }
1286 
1287   // temp ranges for fpu registers are only created when the method has
1288   // virtual fpu operands. Otherwise no allocation for fpu registers is
1289   // performed and so the temp ranges would be useless
1290   if (has_fpu_registers()) {
1291 #ifdef X86
1292     if (UseSSE < 2) {
1293 #endif // X86
1294       for (i = 0; i < FrameMap::nof_caller_save_fpu_regs; i++) {
1295         LIR_Opr opr = FrameMap::caller_save_fpu_reg_at(i);
1296         assert(opr->is_valid() && opr->is_register(), "FrameMap should not return invalid operands");
1297         assert(reg_numHi(opr) == -1, "missing addition of range for hi-register");
1298         caller_save_registers[num_caller_save_registers++] = reg_num(opr);
1299       }
1300 #ifdef X86
1301     }
1302 #endif // X86
1303 
1304 #ifdef X86
1305     if (UseSSE > 0) {
1306       int num_caller_save_xmm_regs = FrameMap::get_num_caller_save_xmms();
1307       for (i = 0; i < num_caller_save_xmm_regs; i ++) {
1308         LIR_Opr opr = FrameMap::caller_save_xmm_reg_at(i);
1309         assert(opr->is_valid() && opr->is_register(), "FrameMap should not return invalid operands");
1310         assert(reg_numHi(opr) == -1, "missing addition of range for hi-register");
1311         caller_save_registers[num_caller_save_registers++] = reg_num(opr);
1312       }
1313     }
1314 #endif // X86
1315   }
1316   assert(num_caller_save_registers <= LinearScan::nof_regs, "out of bounds");
1317 
1318 
1319   LIR_OpVisitState visitor;
1320 
1321   // iterate all blocks in reverse order
1322   for (i = block_count() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1323     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
1324     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
1325     int         block_from =   block->first_lir_instruction_id();
1326     int         block_to =     block->last_lir_instruction_id();
1327 
1328     assert(block_from == instructions->at(0)->id(), "must be");
1329     assert(block_to   == instructions->at(instructions->length() - 1)->id(), "must be");
1330 
1331     // Update intervals for registers live at the end of this block;
1332     ResourceBitMap live = block->live_out();
1333     int size = (int)live.size();
1334     for (int number = (int)live.get_next_one_offset(0, size); number < size; number = (int)live.get_next_one_offset(number + 1, size)) {
1335       assert(live.at(number), "should not stop here otherwise");
1336       assert(number >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base, "fixed intervals must not be live on block bounds");
1337       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("live in %d to %d", number, block_to + 2));
1338 
1339       add_use(number, block_from, block_to + 2, noUse, T_ILLEGAL);
1340 
1341       // add special use positions for loop-end blocks when the
1342       // interval is used anywhere inside this loop.  It's possible
1343       // that the block was part of a non-natural loop, so it might
1344       // have an invalid loop index.
1345       if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::linear_scan_loop_end_flag) &&
1346           block->loop_index() != -1 &&
1347           is_interval_in_loop(number, block->loop_index())) {
1348         interval_at(number)->add_use_pos(block_to + 1, loopEndMarker);
1349       }
1350     }
1351 
1352     // iterate all instructions of the block in reverse order.
1353     // skip the first instruction because it is always a label
1354     // definitions of intervals are processed before uses
1355     assert(visitor.no_operands(instructions->at(0)), "first operation must always be a label");
1356     for (int j = instructions->length() - 1; j >= 1; j--) {
1357       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
1358       int op_id = op->id();
1359 
1360       // visit operation to collect all operands
1361       visitor.visit(op);
1362 
1363       // add a temp range for each register if operation destroys caller-save registers
1364       if (visitor.has_call()) {
1365         for (int k = 0; k < num_caller_save_registers; k++) {
1366           add_temp(caller_save_registers[k], op_id, noUse, T_ILLEGAL);
1367         }
1368         TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("operation destroys all caller-save registers"));
1369       }
1370 
1371       // Add any platform dependent temps
1372       pd_add_temps(op);
1373 
1374       // visit definitions (output and temp operands)
1375       int k, n;
1376       n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
1377       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
1378         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode, k);
1379         assert(opr->is_register(), "visitor should only return register operands");
1380         add_def(opr, op_id, use_kind_of_output_operand(op, opr));
1381       }
1382 
1383       n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode);
1384       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
1385         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode, k);
1386         assert(opr->is_register(), "visitor should only return register operands");
1387         add_temp(opr, op_id, mustHaveRegister);
1388       }
1389 
1390       // visit uses (input operands)
1391       n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode);
1392       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
1393         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode, k);
1394         assert(opr->is_register(), "visitor should only return register operands");
1395         add_use(opr, block_from, op_id, use_kind_of_input_operand(op, opr));
1396       }
1397 
1398       // Add uses of live locals from interpreter's point of view for proper
1399       // debug information generation
1400       // Treat these operands as temp values (if the life range is extended
1401       // to a call site, the value would be in a register at the call otherwise)
1402       n = visitor.info_count();
1403       for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
1404         CodeEmitInfo* info = visitor.info_at(k);
1405         ValueStack* stack = info->stack();
1406         for_each_state_value(stack, value,
1407           add_use(value, block_from, op_id + 1, noUse);
1408         );
1409       }
1410 
1411       // special steps for some instructions (especially moves)
1412       handle_method_arguments(op);
1413       handle_doubleword_moves(op);
1414       add_register_hints(op);
1415 
1416     } // end of instruction iteration
1417   } // end of block iteration
1418 
1419 
1420   // add the range [0, 1[ to all fixed intervals
1421   // -> the register allocator need not handle unhandled fixed intervals
1422   for (int n = 0; n < LinearScan::nof_regs; n++) {
1423     Interval* interval = interval_at(n);
1424     if (interval != NULL) {
1425       interval->add_range(0, 1);
1426     }
1427   }
1428 }
1429 
1430 
1431 // ********** Phase 5: actual register allocation
1432 
1433 int LinearScan::interval_cmp(Interval** a, Interval** b) {
1434   if (*a != NULL) {
1435     if (*b != NULL) {
1436       return (*a)->from() - (*b)->from();
1437     } else {
1438       return -1;
1439     }
1440   } else {
1441     if (*b != NULL) {
1442       return 1;
1443     } else {
1444       return 0;
1445     }
1446   }
1447 }
1448 
1449 #ifndef PRODUCT
1450 int interval_cmp(Interval* const& l, Interval* const& r) {
1451   return l->from() - r->from();
1452 }
1453 
1454 bool find_interval(Interval* interval, IntervalArray* intervals) {
1455   bool found;
1456   int idx = intervals->find_sorted<Interval*, interval_cmp>(interval, found);
1457 
1458   if (!found) {
1459     return false;
1460   }
1461 
1462   int from = interval->from();
1463 
1464   // The index we've found using binary search is pointing to an interval
1465   // that is defined in the same place as the interval we were looking for.
1466   // So now we have to look around that index and find exact interval.
1467   for (int i = idx; i >= 0; i--) {
1468     if (intervals->at(i) == interval) {
1469       return true;
1470     }
1471     if (intervals->at(i)->from() != from) {
1472       break;
1473     }
1474   }
1475 
1476   for (int i = idx + 1; i < intervals->length(); i++) {
1477     if (intervals->at(i) == interval) {
1478       return true;
1479     }
1480     if (intervals->at(i)->from() != from) {
1481       break;
1482     }
1483   }
1484 
1485   return false;
1486 }
1487 
1488 bool LinearScan::is_sorted(IntervalArray* intervals) {
1489   int from = -1;
1490   int null_count = 0;
1491 
1492   for (int i = 0; i < intervals->length(); i++) {
1493     Interval* it = intervals->at(i);
1494     if (it != NULL) {
1495       assert(from <= it->from(), "Intervals are unordered");
1496       from = it->from();
1497     } else {
1498       null_count++;
1499     }
1500   }
1501 
1502   assert(null_count == 0, "Sorted intervals should not contain nulls");
1503 
1504   null_count = 0;
1505 
1506   for (int i = 0; i < interval_count(); i++) {
1507     Interval* interval = interval_at(i);
1508     if (interval != NULL) {
1509       assert(find_interval(interval, intervals), "Lists do not contain same intervals");
1510     } else {
1511       null_count++;
1512     }
1513   }
1514 
1515   assert(interval_count() - null_count == intervals->length(),
1516       "Sorted list should contain the same amount of non-NULL intervals as unsorted list");
1517 
1518   return true;
1519 }
1520 #endif
1521 
1522 void LinearScan::add_to_list(Interval** first, Interval** prev, Interval* interval) {
1523   if (*prev != NULL) {
1524     (*prev)->set_next(interval);
1525   } else {
1526     *first = interval;
1527   }
1528   *prev = interval;
1529 }
1530 
1531 void LinearScan::create_unhandled_lists(Interval** list1, Interval** list2, bool (is_list1)(const Interval* i), bool (is_list2)(const Interval* i)) {
1532   assert(is_sorted(_sorted_intervals), "interval list is not sorted");
1533 
1534   *list1 = *list2 = Interval::end();
1535 
1536   Interval* list1_prev = NULL;
1537   Interval* list2_prev = NULL;
1538   Interval* v;
1539 
1540   const int n = _sorted_intervals->length();
1541   for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1542     v = _sorted_intervals->at(i);
1543     if (v == NULL) continue;
1544 
1545     if (is_list1(v)) {
1546       add_to_list(list1, &list1_prev, v);
1547     } else if (is_list2 == NULL || is_list2(v)) {
1548       add_to_list(list2, &list2_prev, v);
1549     }
1550   }
1551 
1552   if (list1_prev != NULL) list1_prev->set_next(Interval::end());
1553   if (list2_prev != NULL) list2_prev->set_next(Interval::end());
1554 
1555   assert(list1_prev == NULL || list1_prev->next() == Interval::end(), "linear list ends not with sentinel");
1556   assert(list2_prev == NULL || list2_prev->next() == Interval::end(), "linear list ends not with sentinel");
1557 }
1558 
1559 
1560 void LinearScan::sort_intervals_before_allocation() {
1561   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_sort_intervals_before);
1562 
1563   if (_needs_full_resort) {
1564     // There is no known reason why this should occur but just in case...
1565     assert(false, "should never occur");
1566     // Re-sort existing interval list because an Interval::from() has changed
1567     _sorted_intervals->sort(interval_cmp);
1568     _needs_full_resort = false;
1569   }
1570 
1571   IntervalList* unsorted_list = &_intervals;
1572   int unsorted_len = unsorted_list->length();
1573   int sorted_len = 0;
1574   int unsorted_idx;
1575   int sorted_idx = 0;
1576   int sorted_from_max = -1;
1577 
1578   // calc number of items for sorted list (sorted list must not contain NULL values)
1579   for (unsorted_idx = 0; unsorted_idx < unsorted_len; unsorted_idx++) {
1580     if (unsorted_list->at(unsorted_idx) != NULL) {
1581       sorted_len++;
1582     }
1583   }
1584   IntervalArray* sorted_list = new IntervalArray(sorted_len, sorted_len, NULL);
1585 
1586   // special sorting algorithm: the original interval-list is almost sorted,
1587   // only some intervals are swapped. So this is much faster than a complete QuickSort
1588   for (unsorted_idx = 0; unsorted_idx < unsorted_len; unsorted_idx++) {
1589     Interval* cur_interval = unsorted_list->at(unsorted_idx);
1590 
1591     if (cur_interval != NULL) {
1592       int cur_from = cur_interval->from();
1593 
1594       if (sorted_from_max <= cur_from) {
1595         sorted_list->at_put(sorted_idx++, cur_interval);
1596         sorted_from_max = cur_interval->from();
1597       } else {
1598         // the assumption that the intervals are already sorted failed,
1599         // so this interval must be sorted in manually
1600         int j;
1601         for (j = sorted_idx - 1; j >= 0 && cur_from < sorted_list->at(j)->from(); j--) {
1602           sorted_list->at_put(j + 1, sorted_list->at(j));
1603         }
1604         sorted_list->at_put(j + 1, cur_interval);
1605         sorted_idx++;
1606       }
1607     }
1608   }
1609   _sorted_intervals = sorted_list;
1610   assert(is_sorted(_sorted_intervals), "intervals unsorted");
1611 }
1612 
1613 void LinearScan::sort_intervals_after_allocation() {
1614   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_sort_intervals_after);
1615 
1616   if (_needs_full_resort) {
1617     // Re-sort existing interval list because an Interval::from() has changed
1618     _sorted_intervals->sort(interval_cmp);
1619     _needs_full_resort = false;
1620   }
1621 
1622   IntervalArray* old_list = _sorted_intervals;
1623   IntervalList* new_list = _new_intervals_from_allocation;
1624   int old_len = old_list->length();
1625   int new_len = new_list == NULL ? 0 : new_list->length();
1626 
1627   if (new_len == 0) {
1628     // no intervals have been added during allocation, so sorted list is already up to date
1629     assert(is_sorted(_sorted_intervals), "intervals unsorted");
1630     return;
1631   }
1632 
1633   // conventional sort-algorithm for new intervals
1634   new_list->sort(interval_cmp);
1635 
1636   // merge old and new list (both already sorted) into one combined list
1637   int combined_list_len = old_len + new_len;
1638   IntervalArray* combined_list = new IntervalArray(combined_list_len, combined_list_len, NULL);
1639   int old_idx = 0;
1640   int new_idx = 0;
1641 
1642   while (old_idx + new_idx < old_len + new_len) {
1643     if (new_idx >= new_len || (old_idx < old_len && old_list->at(old_idx)->from() <= new_list->at(new_idx)->from())) {
1644       combined_list->at_put(old_idx + new_idx, old_list->at(old_idx));
1645       old_idx++;
1646     } else {
1647       combined_list->at_put(old_idx + new_idx, new_list->at(new_idx));
1648       new_idx++;
1649     }
1650   }
1651 
1652   _sorted_intervals = combined_list;
1653   assert(is_sorted(_sorted_intervals), "intervals unsorted");
1654 }
1655 
1656 
1657 void LinearScan::allocate_registers() {
1658   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_allocate_registers);
1659 
1660   Interval* precolored_cpu_intervals, *not_precolored_cpu_intervals;
1661   Interval* precolored_fpu_intervals, *not_precolored_fpu_intervals;
1662 
1663   // collect cpu intervals
1664   create_unhandled_lists(&precolored_cpu_intervals, &not_precolored_cpu_intervals,
1665                          is_precolored_cpu_interval, is_virtual_cpu_interval);
1666 
1667   // collect fpu intervals
1668   create_unhandled_lists(&precolored_fpu_intervals, &not_precolored_fpu_intervals,
1669                          is_precolored_fpu_interval, is_virtual_fpu_interval);
1670   // this fpu interval collection cannot be moved down below with the allocation section as
1671   // the cpu_lsw.walk() changes interval positions.
1672 
1673   if (!has_fpu_registers()) {
1674 #ifdef ASSERT
1675     assert(not_precolored_fpu_intervals == Interval::end(), "missed an uncolored fpu interval");
1676 #else
1677     if (not_precolored_fpu_intervals != Interval::end()) {
1678       BAILOUT("missed an uncolored fpu interval");
1679     }
1680 #endif
1681   }
1682 
1683   // allocate cpu registers
1684   LinearScanWalker cpu_lsw(this, precolored_cpu_intervals, not_precolored_cpu_intervals);
1685   cpu_lsw.walk();
1686   cpu_lsw.finish_allocation();
1687 
1688   if (has_fpu_registers()) {
1689     // allocate fpu registers
1690     LinearScanWalker fpu_lsw(this, precolored_fpu_intervals, not_precolored_fpu_intervals);
1691     fpu_lsw.walk();
1692     fpu_lsw.finish_allocation();
1693   }
1694 }
1695 
1696 
1697 // ********** Phase 6: resolve data flow
1698 // (insert moves at edges between blocks if intervals have been split)
1699 
1700 // wrapper for Interval::split_child_at_op_id that performs a bailout in product mode
1701 // instead of returning NULL
1702 Interval* LinearScan::split_child_at_op_id(Interval* interval, int op_id, LIR_OpVisitState::OprMode mode) {
1703   Interval* result = interval->split_child_at_op_id(op_id, mode);
1704   if (result != NULL) {
1705     return result;
1706   }
1707 
1708   assert(false, "must find an interval, but do a clean bailout in product mode");
1709   result = new Interval(LIR_Opr::vreg_base);
1710   result->assign_reg(0);
1711   result->set_type(T_INT);
1712   BAILOUT_("LinearScan: interval is NULL", result);
1713 }
1714 
1715 
1716 Interval* LinearScan::interval_at_block_begin(BlockBegin* block, int reg_num) {
1717   assert(LinearScan::nof_regs <= reg_num && reg_num < num_virtual_regs(), "register number out of bounds");
1718   assert(interval_at(reg_num) != NULL, "no interval found");
1719 
1720   return split_child_at_op_id(interval_at(reg_num), block->first_lir_instruction_id(), LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
1721 }
1722 
1723 Interval* LinearScan::interval_at_block_end(BlockBegin* block, int reg_num) {
1724   assert(LinearScan::nof_regs <= reg_num && reg_num < num_virtual_regs(), "register number out of bounds");
1725   assert(interval_at(reg_num) != NULL, "no interval found");
1726 
1727   return split_child_at_op_id(interval_at(reg_num), block->last_lir_instruction_id() + 1, LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
1728 }
1729 
1730 Interval* LinearScan::interval_at_op_id(int reg_num, int op_id) {
1731   assert(LinearScan::nof_regs <= reg_num && reg_num < num_virtual_regs(), "register number out of bounds");
1732   assert(interval_at(reg_num) != NULL, "no interval found");
1733 
1734   return split_child_at_op_id(interval_at(reg_num), op_id, LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode);
1735 }
1736 
1737 
1738 void LinearScan::resolve_collect_mappings(BlockBegin* from_block, BlockBegin* to_block, MoveResolver &move_resolver) {
1739   DEBUG_ONLY(move_resolver.check_empty());
1740 
1741   const int size = live_set_size();
1742   const ResourceBitMap live_at_edge = to_block->live_in();
1743 
1744   // visit all registers where the live_at_edge bit is set
1745   for (int r = (int)live_at_edge.get_next_one_offset(0, size); r < size; r = (int)live_at_edge.get_next_one_offset(r + 1, size)) {
1746     assert(r < num_virtual_regs(), "live information set for not existing interval");
1747     assert(from_block->live_out().at(r) && to_block->live_in().at(r), "interval not live at this edge");
1748 
1749     Interval* from_interval = interval_at_block_end(from_block, r);
1750     Interval* to_interval = interval_at_block_begin(to_block, r);
1751 
1752     if (from_interval != to_interval && (from_interval->assigned_reg() != to_interval->assigned_reg() || from_interval->assigned_regHi() != to_interval->assigned_regHi())) {
1753       // need to insert move instruction
1754       move_resolver.add_mapping(from_interval, to_interval);
1755     }
1756   }
1757 }
1758 
1759 
1760 void LinearScan::resolve_find_insert_pos(BlockBegin* from_block, BlockBegin* to_block, MoveResolver &move_resolver) {
1761   if (from_block->number_of_sux() <= 1) {
1762     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("inserting moves at end of from_block B%d", from_block->block_id()));
1763 
1764     LIR_OpList* instructions = from_block->lir()->instructions_list();
1765     LIR_OpBranch* branch = instructions->last()->as_OpBranch();
1766     if (branch != NULL) {
1767       // insert moves before branch
1768       assert(branch->cond() == lir_cond_always, "block does not end with an unconditional jump");
1769       move_resolver.set_insert_position(from_block->lir(), instructions->length() - 2);
1770     } else {
1771       move_resolver.set_insert_position(from_block->lir(), instructions->length() - 1);
1772     }
1773 
1774   } else {
1775     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("inserting moves at beginning of to_block B%d", to_block->block_id()));
1776 #ifdef ASSERT
1777     assert(from_block->lir()->instructions_list()->at(0)->as_OpLabel() != NULL, "block does not start with a label");
1778 
1779     // because the number of predecessor edges matches the number of
1780     // successor edges, blocks which are reached by switch statements
1781     // may have be more than one predecessor but it will be guaranteed
1782     // that all predecessors will be the same.
1783     for (int i = 0; i < to_block->number_of_preds(); i++) {
1784       assert(from_block == to_block->pred_at(i), "all critical edges must be broken");
1785     }
1786 #endif
1787 
1788     move_resolver.set_insert_position(to_block->lir(), 0);
1789   }
1790 }
1791 
1792 
1793 // insert necessary moves (spilling or reloading) at edges between blocks if interval has been split
1794 void LinearScan::resolve_data_flow() {
1795   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_resolve_data_flow);
1796 
1797   int num_blocks = block_count();
1798   MoveResolver move_resolver(this);
1799   ResourceBitMap block_completed(num_blocks);
1800   ResourceBitMap already_resolved(num_blocks);
1801 
1802   int i;
1803   for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
1804     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
1805 
1806     // check if block has only one predecessor and only one successor
1807     if (block->number_of_preds() == 1 && block->number_of_sux() == 1 && block->number_of_exception_handlers() == 0) {
1808       LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
1809       assert(instructions->at(0)->code() == lir_label, "block must start with label");
1810       assert(instructions->last()->code() == lir_branch, "block with successors must end with branch");
1811       assert(instructions->last()->as_OpBranch()->cond() == lir_cond_always, "block with successor must end with unconditional branch");
1812 
1813       // check if block is empty (only label and branch)
1814       if (instructions->length() == 2) {
1815         BlockBegin* pred = block->pred_at(0);
1816         BlockBegin* sux = block->sux_at(0);
1817 
1818         // prevent optimization of two consecutive blocks
1819         if (!block_completed.at(pred->linear_scan_number()) && !block_completed.at(sux->linear_scan_number())) {
1820           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("**** optimizing empty block B%d (pred: B%d, sux: B%d)", block->block_id(), pred->block_id(), sux->block_id()));
1821           block_completed.set_bit(block->linear_scan_number());
1822 
1823           // directly resolve between pred and sux (without looking at the empty block between)
1824           resolve_collect_mappings(pred, sux, move_resolver);
1825           if (move_resolver.has_mappings()) {
1826             move_resolver.set_insert_position(block->lir(), 0);
1827             move_resolver.resolve_and_append_moves();
1828           }
1829         }
1830       }
1831     }
1832   }
1833 
1834 
1835   for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
1836     if (!block_completed.at(i)) {
1837       BlockBegin* from_block = block_at(i);
1838       already_resolved.set_from(block_completed);
1839 
1840       int num_sux = from_block->number_of_sux();
1841       for (int s = 0; s < num_sux; s++) {
1842         BlockBegin* to_block = from_block->sux_at(s);
1843 
1844         // check for duplicate edges between the same blocks (can happen with switch blocks)
1845         if (!already_resolved.at(to_block->linear_scan_number())) {
1846           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("**** processing edge between B%d and B%d", from_block->block_id(), to_block->block_id()));
1847           already_resolved.set_bit(to_block->linear_scan_number());
1848 
1849           // collect all intervals that have been split between from_block and to_block
1850           resolve_collect_mappings(from_block, to_block, move_resolver);
1851           if (move_resolver.has_mappings()) {
1852             resolve_find_insert_pos(from_block, to_block, move_resolver);
1853             move_resolver.resolve_and_append_moves();
1854           }
1855         }
1856       }
1857     }
1858   }
1859 }
1860 
1861 
1862 void LinearScan::resolve_exception_entry(BlockBegin* block, int reg_num, MoveResolver &move_resolver) {
1863   if (interval_at(reg_num) == NULL) {
1864     // if a phi function is never used, no interval is created -> ignore this
1865     return;
1866   }
1867 
1868   Interval* interval = interval_at_block_begin(block, reg_num);
1869   int reg = interval->assigned_reg();
1870   int regHi = interval->assigned_regHi();
1871 
1872   if ((reg < nof_regs && interval->always_in_memory()) ||
1873       (use_fpu_stack_allocation() && reg >= pd_first_fpu_reg && reg <= pd_last_fpu_reg)) {
1874     // the interval is split to get a short range that is located on the stack
1875     // in the following two cases:
1876     // * the interval started in memory (e.g. method parameter), but is currently in a register
1877     //   this is an optimization for exception handling that reduces the number of moves that
1878     //   are necessary for resolving the states when an exception uses this exception handler
1879     // * the interval would be on the fpu stack at the begin of the exception handler
1880     //   this is not allowed because of the complicated fpu stack handling on Intel
1881 
1882     // range that will be spilled to memory
1883     int from_op_id = block->first_lir_instruction_id();
1884     int to_op_id = from_op_id + 1;  // short live range of length 1
1885     assert(interval->from() <= from_op_id && interval->to() >= to_op_id,
1886            "no split allowed between exception entry and first instruction");
1887 
1888     if (interval->from() != from_op_id) {
1889       // the part before from_op_id is unchanged
1890       interval = interval->split(from_op_id);
1891       interval->assign_reg(reg, regHi);
1892       append_interval(interval);
1893     } else {
1894       _needs_full_resort = true;
1895     }
1896     assert(interval->from() == from_op_id, "must be true now");
1897 
1898     Interval* spilled_part = interval;
1899     if (interval->to() != to_op_id) {
1900       // the part after to_op_id is unchanged
1901       spilled_part = interval->split_from_start(to_op_id);
1902       append_interval(spilled_part);
1903       move_resolver.add_mapping(spilled_part, interval);
1904     }
1905     assign_spill_slot(spilled_part);
1906 
1907     assert(spilled_part->from() == from_op_id && spilled_part->to() == to_op_id, "just checking");
1908   }
1909 }
1910 
1911 void LinearScan::resolve_exception_entry(BlockBegin* block, MoveResolver &move_resolver) {
1912   assert(block->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag), "should not call otherwise");
1913   DEBUG_ONLY(move_resolver.check_empty());
1914 
1915   // visit all registers where the live_in bit is set
1916   int size = live_set_size();
1917   for (int r = (int)block->live_in().get_next_one_offset(0, size); r < size; r = (int)block->live_in().get_next_one_offset(r + 1, size)) {
1918     resolve_exception_entry(block, r, move_resolver);
1919   }
1920 
1921   // the live_in bits are not set for phi functions of the xhandler entry, so iterate them separately
1922   for_each_phi_fun(block, phi,
1923     if (!phi->is_illegal()) { resolve_exception_entry(block, phi->operand()->vreg_number(), move_resolver); }
1924   );
1925 
1926   if (move_resolver.has_mappings()) {
1927     // insert moves after first instruction
1928     move_resolver.set_insert_position(block->lir(), 0);
1929     move_resolver.resolve_and_append_moves();
1930   }
1931 }
1932 
1933 
1934 void LinearScan::resolve_exception_edge(XHandler* handler, int throwing_op_id, int reg_num, Phi* phi, MoveResolver &move_resolver) {
1935   if (interval_at(reg_num) == NULL) {
1936     // if a phi function is never used, no interval is created -> ignore this
1937     return;
1938   }
1939 
1940   // the computation of to_interval is equal to resolve_collect_mappings,
1941   // but from_interval is more complicated because of phi functions
1942   BlockBegin* to_block = handler->entry_block();
1943   Interval* to_interval = interval_at_block_begin(to_block, reg_num);
1944 
1945   if (phi != NULL) {
1946     // phi function of the exception entry block
1947     // no moves are created for this phi function in the LIR_Generator, so the
1948     // interval at the throwing instruction must be searched using the operands
1949     // of the phi function
1950     Value from_value = phi->operand_at(handler->phi_operand());
1951 
1952     // with phi functions it can happen that the same from_value is used in
1953     // multiple mappings, so notify move-resolver that this is allowed
1954     move_resolver.set_multiple_reads_allowed();
1955 
1956     Constant* con = from_value->as_Constant();
1957     if (con != NULL && (!con->is_pinned() || con->operand()->is_constant())) {
1958       // Need a mapping from constant to interval if unpinned (may have no register) or if the operand is a constant (no register).
1959       move_resolver.add_mapping(LIR_OprFact::value_type(con->type()), to_interval);
1960     } else {
1961       // search split child at the throwing op_id
1962       Interval* from_interval = interval_at_op_id(from_value->operand()->vreg_number(), throwing_op_id);
1963       move_resolver.add_mapping(from_interval, to_interval);
1964     }
1965   } else {
1966     // no phi function, so use reg_num also for from_interval
1967     // search split child at the throwing op_id
1968     Interval* from_interval = interval_at_op_id(reg_num, throwing_op_id);
1969     if (from_interval != to_interval) {
1970       // optimization to reduce number of moves: when to_interval is on stack and
1971       // the stack slot is known to be always correct, then no move is necessary
1972       if (!from_interval->always_in_memory() || from_interval->canonical_spill_slot() != to_interval->assigned_reg()) {
1973         move_resolver.add_mapping(from_interval, to_interval);
1974       }
1975     }
1976   }
1977 }
1978 
1979 void LinearScan::resolve_exception_edge(XHandler* handler, int throwing_op_id, MoveResolver &move_resolver) {
1980   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("resolving exception handler B%d: throwing_op_id=%d", handler->entry_block()->block_id(), throwing_op_id));
1981 
1982   DEBUG_ONLY(move_resolver.check_empty());
1983   assert(handler->lir_op_id() == -1, "already processed this xhandler");
1984   DEBUG_ONLY(handler->set_lir_op_id(throwing_op_id));
1985   assert(handler->entry_code() == NULL, "code already present");
1986 
1987   // visit all registers where the live_in bit is set
1988   BlockBegin* block = handler->entry_block();
1989   int size = live_set_size();
1990   for (int r = (int)block->live_in().get_next_one_offset(0, size); r < size; r = (int)block->live_in().get_next_one_offset(r + 1, size)) {
1991     resolve_exception_edge(handler, throwing_op_id, r, NULL, move_resolver);
1992   }
1993 
1994   // the live_in bits are not set for phi functions of the xhandler entry, so iterate them separately
1995   for_each_phi_fun(block, phi,
1996     if (!phi->is_illegal()) { resolve_exception_edge(handler, throwing_op_id, phi->operand()->vreg_number(), phi, move_resolver); }
1997   );
1998 
1999   if (move_resolver.has_mappings()) {
2000     LIR_List* entry_code = new LIR_List(compilation());
2001     move_resolver.set_insert_position(entry_code, 0);
2002     move_resolver.resolve_and_append_moves();
2003 
2004     entry_code->jump(handler->entry_block());
2005     handler->set_entry_code(entry_code);
2006   }
2007 }
2008 
2009 
2010 void LinearScan::resolve_exception_handlers() {
2011   MoveResolver move_resolver(this);
2012   LIR_OpVisitState visitor;
2013   int num_blocks = block_count();
2014 
2015   int i;
2016   for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
2017     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
2018     if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag)) {
2019       resolve_exception_entry(block, move_resolver);
2020     }
2021   }
2022 
2023   for (i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
2024     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
2025     LIR_List* ops = block->lir();
2026     int num_ops = ops->length();
2027 
2028     // iterate all instructions of the block. skip the first because it is always a label
2029     assert(visitor.no_operands(ops->at(0)), "first operation must always be a label");
2030     for (int j = 1; j < num_ops; j++) {
2031       LIR_Op* op = ops->at(j);
2032       int op_id = op->id();
2033 
2034       if (op_id != -1 && has_info(op_id)) {
2035         // visit operation to collect all operands
2036         visitor.visit(op);
2037         assert(visitor.info_count() > 0, "should not visit otherwise");
2038 
2039         XHandlers* xhandlers = visitor.all_xhandler();
2040         int n = xhandlers->length();
2041         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
2042           resolve_exception_edge(xhandlers->handler_at(k), op_id, move_resolver);
2043         }
2044 
2045 #ifdef ASSERT
2046       } else {
2047         visitor.visit(op);
2048         assert(visitor.all_xhandler()->length() == 0, "missed exception handler");
2049 #endif
2050       }
2051     }
2052   }
2053 }
2054 
2055 
2056 // ********** Phase 7: assign register numbers back to LIR
2057 // (includes computation of debug information and oop maps)
2058 
2059 VMReg LinearScan::vm_reg_for_interval(Interval* interval) {
2060   VMReg reg = interval->cached_vm_reg();
2061   if (!reg->is_valid() ) {
2062     reg = vm_reg_for_operand(operand_for_interval(interval));
2063     interval->set_cached_vm_reg(reg);
2064   }
2065   assert(reg == vm_reg_for_operand(operand_for_interval(interval)), "wrong cached value");
2066   return reg;
2067 }
2068 
2069 VMReg LinearScan::vm_reg_for_operand(LIR_Opr opr) {
2070   assert(opr->is_oop(), "currently only implemented for oop operands");
2071   return frame_map()->regname(opr);
2072 }
2073 
2074 
2075 LIR_Opr LinearScan::operand_for_interval(Interval* interval) {
2076   LIR_Opr opr = interval->cached_opr();
2077   if (opr->is_illegal()) {
2078     opr = calc_operand_for_interval(interval);
2079     interval->set_cached_opr(opr);
2080   }
2081 
2082   assert(opr == calc_operand_for_interval(interval), "wrong cached value");
2083   return opr;
2084 }
2085 
2086 LIR_Opr LinearScan::calc_operand_for_interval(const Interval* interval) {
2087   int assigned_reg = interval->assigned_reg();
2088   BasicType type = interval->type();
2089 
2090   if (assigned_reg >= nof_regs) {
2091     // stack slot
2092     assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2093     return LIR_OprFact::stack(assigned_reg - nof_regs, type);
2094 
2095   } else {
2096     // register
2097     switch (type) {
2098       case T_OBJECT: {
2099         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_cpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_cpu_reg, "no cpu register");
2100         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2101         return LIR_OprFact::single_cpu_oop(assigned_reg);
2102       }
2103 
2104       case T_ADDRESS: {
2105         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_cpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_cpu_reg, "no cpu register");
2106         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2107         return LIR_OprFact::single_cpu_address(assigned_reg);
2108       }
2109 
2110       case T_METADATA: {
2111         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_cpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_cpu_reg, "no cpu register");
2112         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2113         return LIR_OprFact::single_cpu_metadata(assigned_reg);
2114       }
2115 
2116 #ifdef __SOFTFP__
2117       case T_FLOAT:  // fall through
2118 #endif // __SOFTFP__
2119       case T_INT: {
2120         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_cpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_cpu_reg, "no cpu register");
2121         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2122         return LIR_OprFact::single_cpu(assigned_reg);
2123       }
2124 
2125 #ifdef __SOFTFP__
2126       case T_DOUBLE:  // fall through
2127 #endif // __SOFTFP__
2128       case T_LONG: {
2129         int assigned_regHi = interval->assigned_regHi();
2130         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_cpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_cpu_reg, "no cpu register");
2131         assert(num_physical_regs(T_LONG) == 1 ||
2132                (assigned_regHi >= pd_first_cpu_reg && assigned_regHi <= pd_last_cpu_reg), "no cpu register");
2133 
2134         assert(assigned_reg != assigned_regHi, "invalid allocation");
2135         assert(num_physical_regs(T_LONG) == 1 || assigned_reg < assigned_regHi,
2136                "register numbers must be sorted (ensure that e.g. a move from eax,ebx to ebx,eax can not occur)");
2137         assert((assigned_regHi != any_reg) ^ (num_physical_regs(T_LONG) == 1), "must be match");
2138         if (requires_adjacent_regs(T_LONG)) {
2139           assert(assigned_reg % 2 == 0 && assigned_reg + 1 == assigned_regHi, "must be sequential and even");
2140         }
2141 
2142 #ifdef _LP64
2143         return LIR_OprFact::double_cpu(assigned_reg, assigned_reg);
2144 #else
2145         return LIR_OprFact::double_cpu(assigned_reg, assigned_regHi);
2146 #endif // LP64
2147       }
2148 
2149 #ifndef __SOFTFP__
2150       case T_FLOAT: {
2151 #ifdef X86
2152         if (UseSSE >= 1) {
2153           int last_xmm_reg = pd_last_xmm_reg;
2154 #ifdef _LP64
2155           if (UseAVX < 3) {
2156             last_xmm_reg = pd_first_xmm_reg + (pd_nof_xmm_regs_frame_map / 2) - 1;
2157           }
2158 #endif // LP64
2159           assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_xmm_reg && assigned_reg <= last_xmm_reg, "no xmm register");
2160           assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2161           return LIR_OprFact::single_xmm(assigned_reg - pd_first_xmm_reg);
2162         }
2163 #endif // X86
2164 
2165         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_fpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_fpu_reg, "no fpu register");
2166         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register");
2167         return LIR_OprFact::single_fpu(assigned_reg - pd_first_fpu_reg);
2168       }
2169 
2170       case T_DOUBLE: {
2171 #ifdef X86
2172         if (UseSSE >= 2) {
2173           int last_xmm_reg = pd_last_xmm_reg;
2174 #ifdef _LP64
2175           if (UseAVX < 3) {
2176             last_xmm_reg = pd_first_xmm_reg + (pd_nof_xmm_regs_frame_map / 2) - 1;
2177           }
2178 #endif // LP64
2179           assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_xmm_reg && assigned_reg <= last_xmm_reg, "no xmm register");
2180           assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register (double xmm values are stored in one register)");
2181           return LIR_OprFact::double_xmm(assigned_reg - pd_first_xmm_reg);
2182         }
2183 #endif // X86
2184 
2185 #if defined(ARM32)
2186         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_fpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_fpu_reg, "no fpu register");
2187         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() >= pd_first_fpu_reg && interval->assigned_regHi() <= pd_last_fpu_reg, "no fpu register");
2188         assert(assigned_reg % 2 == 0 && assigned_reg + 1 == interval->assigned_regHi(), "must be sequential and even");
2189         LIR_Opr result = LIR_OprFact::double_fpu(assigned_reg - pd_first_fpu_reg, interval->assigned_regHi() - pd_first_fpu_reg);
2190 #else
2191         assert(assigned_reg >= pd_first_fpu_reg && assigned_reg <= pd_last_fpu_reg, "no fpu register");
2192         assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "must not have hi register (double fpu values are stored in one register on Intel)");
2193         LIR_Opr result = LIR_OprFact::double_fpu(assigned_reg - pd_first_fpu_reg);
2194 #endif
2195         return result;
2196       }
2197 #endif // __SOFTFP__
2198 
2199       default: {
2200         ShouldNotReachHere();
2201         return LIR_OprFact::illegalOpr;
2202       }
2203     }
2204   }
2205 }
2206 
2207 LIR_Opr LinearScan::canonical_spill_opr(Interval* interval) {
2208   assert(interval->canonical_spill_slot() >= nof_regs, "canonical spill slot not set");
2209   return LIR_OprFact::stack(interval->canonical_spill_slot() - nof_regs, interval->type());
2210 }
2211 
2212 LIR_Opr LinearScan::color_lir_opr(LIR_Opr opr, int op_id, LIR_OpVisitState::OprMode mode) {
2213   assert(opr->is_virtual(), "should not call this otherwise");
2214 
2215   Interval* interval = interval_at(opr->vreg_number());
2216   assert(interval != NULL, "interval must exist");
2217 
2218   if (op_id != -1) {
2219 #ifdef ASSERT
2220     BlockBegin* block = block_of_op_with_id(op_id);
2221     if (block->number_of_sux() <= 1 && op_id == block->last_lir_instruction_id()) {
2222       // check if spill moves could have been appended at the end of this block, but
2223       // before the branch instruction. So the split child information for this branch would
2224       // be incorrect.
2225       LIR_OpBranch* branch = block->lir()->instructions_list()->last()->as_OpBranch();
2226       if (branch != NULL) {
2227         if (block->live_out().at(opr->vreg_number())) {
2228           assert(branch->cond() == lir_cond_always, "block does not end with an unconditional jump");
2229           assert(false, "can't get split child for the last branch of a block because the information would be incorrect (moves are inserted before the branch in resolve_data_flow)");
2230         }
2231       }
2232     }
2233 #endif
2234 
2235     // operands are not changed when an interval is split during allocation,
2236     // so search the right interval here
2237     interval = split_child_at_op_id(interval, op_id, mode);
2238   }
2239 
2240   LIR_Opr res = operand_for_interval(interval);
2241 
2242 #ifdef X86
2243   // new semantic for is_last_use: not only set on definite end of interval,
2244   // but also before hole
2245   // This may still miss some cases (e.g. for dead values), but it is not necessary that the
2246   // last use information is completely correct
2247   // information is only needed for fpu stack allocation
2248   if (res->is_fpu_register()) {
2249     if (opr->is_last_use() || op_id == interval->to() || (op_id != -1 && interval->has_hole_between(op_id, op_id + 1))) {
2250       assert(op_id == -1 || !is_block_begin(op_id), "holes at begin of block may also result from control flow");
2251       res = res->make_last_use();
2252     }
2253   }
2254 #endif
2255 
2256   assert(!gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(opr->vreg_number(), LIRGenerator::callee_saved) || !FrameMap::is_caller_save_register(res), "bad allocation");
2257 
2258   return res;
2259 }
2260 
2261 
2262 #ifdef ASSERT
2263 // some methods used to check correctness of debug information
2264 
2265 void assert_no_register_values(GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* values) {
2266   if (values == NULL) {
2267     return;
2268   }
2269 
2270   for (int i = 0; i < values->length(); i++) {
2271     ScopeValue* value = values->at(i);
2272 
2273     if (value->is_location()) {
2274       Location location = ((LocationValue*)value)->location();
2275       assert(location.where() == Location::on_stack, "value is in register");
2276     }
2277   }
2278 }
2279 
2280 void assert_no_register_values(GrowableArray<MonitorValue*>* values) {
2281   if (values == NULL) {
2282     return;
2283   }
2284 
2285   for (int i = 0; i < values->length(); i++) {
2286     MonitorValue* value = values->at(i);
2287 
2288     if (value->owner()->is_location()) {
2289       Location location = ((LocationValue*)value->owner())->location();
2290       assert(location.where() == Location::on_stack, "owner is in register");
2291     }
2292     assert(value->basic_lock().where() == Location::on_stack, "basic_lock is in register");
2293   }
2294 }
2295 
2296 void assert_equal(Location l1, Location l2) {
2297   assert(l1.where() == l2.where() && l1.type() == l2.type() && l1.offset() == l2.offset(), "");
2298 }
2299 
2300 void assert_equal(ScopeValue* v1, ScopeValue* v2) {
2301   if (v1->is_location()) {
2302     assert(v2->is_location(), "");
2303     assert_equal(((LocationValue*)v1)->location(), ((LocationValue*)v2)->location());
2304   } else if (v1->is_constant_int()) {
2305     assert(v2->is_constant_int(), "");
2306     assert(((ConstantIntValue*)v1)->value() == ((ConstantIntValue*)v2)->value(), "");
2307   } else if (v1->is_constant_double()) {
2308     assert(v2->is_constant_double(), "");
2309     assert(((ConstantDoubleValue*)v1)->value() == ((ConstantDoubleValue*)v2)->value(), "");
2310   } else if (v1->is_constant_long()) {
2311     assert(v2->is_constant_long(), "");
2312     assert(((ConstantLongValue*)v1)->value() == ((ConstantLongValue*)v2)->value(), "");
2313   } else if (v1->is_constant_oop()) {
2314     assert(v2->is_constant_oop(), "");
2315     assert(((ConstantOopWriteValue*)v1)->value() == ((ConstantOopWriteValue*)v2)->value(), "");
2316   } else {
2317     ShouldNotReachHere();
2318   }
2319 }
2320 
2321 void assert_equal(MonitorValue* m1, MonitorValue* m2) {
2322   assert_equal(m1->owner(), m2->owner());
2323   assert_equal(m1->basic_lock(), m2->basic_lock());
2324 }
2325 
2326 void assert_equal(IRScopeDebugInfo* d1, IRScopeDebugInfo* d2) {
2327   assert(d1->scope() == d2->scope(), "not equal");
2328   assert(d1->bci() == d2->bci(), "not equal");
2329 
2330   if (d1->locals() != NULL) {
2331     assert(d1->locals() != NULL && d2->locals() != NULL, "not equal");
2332     assert(d1->locals()->length() == d2->locals()->length(), "not equal");
2333     for (int i = 0; i < d1->locals()->length(); i++) {
2334       assert_equal(d1->locals()->at(i), d2->locals()->at(i));
2335     }
2336   } else {
2337     assert(d1->locals() == NULL && d2->locals() == NULL, "not equal");
2338   }
2339 
2340   if (d1->expressions() != NULL) {
2341     assert(d1->expressions() != NULL && d2->expressions() != NULL, "not equal");
2342     assert(d1->expressions()->length() == d2->expressions()->length(), "not equal");
2343     for (int i = 0; i < d1->expressions()->length(); i++) {
2344       assert_equal(d1->expressions()->at(i), d2->expressions()->at(i));
2345     }
2346   } else {
2347     assert(d1->expressions() == NULL && d2->expressions() == NULL, "not equal");
2348   }
2349 
2350   if (d1->monitors() != NULL) {
2351     assert(d1->monitors() != NULL && d2->monitors() != NULL, "not equal");
2352     assert(d1->monitors()->length() == d2->monitors()->length(), "not equal");
2353     for (int i = 0; i < d1->monitors()->length(); i++) {
2354       assert_equal(d1->monitors()->at(i), d2->monitors()->at(i));
2355     }
2356   } else {
2357     assert(d1->monitors() == NULL && d2->monitors() == NULL, "not equal");
2358   }
2359 
2360   if (d1->caller() != NULL) {
2361     assert(d1->caller() != NULL && d2->caller() != NULL, "not equal");
2362     assert_equal(d1->caller(), d2->caller());
2363   } else {
2364     assert(d1->caller() == NULL && d2->caller() == NULL, "not equal");
2365   }
2366 }
2367 
2368 void check_stack_depth(CodeEmitInfo* info, int stack_end) {
2369   if (info->stack()->bci() != SynchronizationEntryBCI && !info->scope()->method()->is_native()) {
2370     Bytecodes::Code code = info->scope()->method()->java_code_at_bci(info->stack()->bci());
2371     switch (code) {
2372       case Bytecodes::_ifnull    : // fall through
2373       case Bytecodes::_ifnonnull : // fall through
2374       case Bytecodes::_ifeq      : // fall through
2375       case Bytecodes::_ifne      : // fall through
2376       case Bytecodes::_iflt      : // fall through
2377       case Bytecodes::_ifge      : // fall through
2378       case Bytecodes::_ifgt      : // fall through
2379       case Bytecodes::_ifle      : // fall through
2380       case Bytecodes::_if_icmpeq : // fall through
2381       case Bytecodes::_if_icmpne : // fall through
2382       case Bytecodes::_if_icmplt : // fall through
2383       case Bytecodes::_if_icmpge : // fall through
2384       case Bytecodes::_if_icmpgt : // fall through
2385       case Bytecodes::_if_icmple : // fall through
2386       case Bytecodes::_if_acmpeq : // fall through
2387       case Bytecodes::_if_acmpne :
2388         assert(stack_end >= -Bytecodes::depth(code), "must have non-empty expression stack at if bytecode");
2389         break;
2390       default:
2391         break;
2392     }
2393   }
2394 }
2395 
2396 #endif // ASSERT
2397 
2398 
2399 IntervalWalker* LinearScan::init_compute_oop_maps() {
2400   // setup lists of potential oops for walking
2401   Interval* oop_intervals;
2402   Interval* non_oop_intervals;
2403 
2404   create_unhandled_lists(&oop_intervals, &non_oop_intervals, is_oop_interval, NULL);
2405 
2406   // intervals that have no oops inside need not to be processed
2407   // to ensure a walking until the last instruction id, add a dummy interval
2408   // with a high operation id
2409   non_oop_intervals = new Interval(any_reg);
2410   non_oop_intervals->add_range(max_jint - 2, max_jint - 1);
2411 
2412   return new IntervalWalker(this, oop_intervals, non_oop_intervals);
2413 }
2414 
2415 
2416 OopMap* LinearScan::compute_oop_map(IntervalWalker* iw, LIR_Op* op, CodeEmitInfo* info, bool is_call_site) {
2417   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("creating oop map at op_id %d", op->id()));
2418 
2419   // walk before the current operation -> intervals that start at
2420   // the operation (= output operands of the operation) are not
2421   // included in the oop map
2422   iw->walk_before(op->id());
2423 
2424   int frame_size = frame_map()->framesize();
2425   int arg_count = frame_map()->oop_map_arg_count();
2426   OopMap* map = new OopMap(frame_size, arg_count);
2427 
2428   // Iterate through active intervals
2429   for (Interval* interval = iw->active_first(fixedKind); interval != Interval::end(); interval = interval->next()) {
2430     int assigned_reg = interval->assigned_reg();
2431 
2432     assert(interval->current_from() <= op->id() && op->id() <= interval->current_to(), "interval should not be active otherwise");
2433     assert(interval->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "oop must be single word");
2434     assert(interval->reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base, "fixed interval found");
2435 
2436     // Check if this range covers the instruction. Intervals that
2437     // start or end at the current operation are not included in the
2438     // oop map, except in the case of patching moves.  For patching
2439     // moves, any intervals which end at this instruction are included
2440     // in the oop map since we may safepoint while doing the patch
2441     // before we've consumed the inputs.
2442     if (op->is_patching() || op->id() < interval->current_to()) {
2443 
2444       // caller-save registers must not be included into oop-maps at calls
2445       assert(!is_call_site || assigned_reg >= nof_regs || !is_caller_save(assigned_reg), "interval is in a caller-save register at a call -> register will be overwritten");
2446 
2447       VMReg name = vm_reg_for_interval(interval);
2448       set_oop(map, name);
2449 
2450       // Spill optimization: when the stack value is guaranteed to be always correct,
2451       // then it must be added to the oop map even if the interval is currently in a register
2452       if (interval->always_in_memory() &&
2453           op->id() > interval->spill_definition_pos() &&
2454           interval->assigned_reg() != interval->canonical_spill_slot()) {
2455         assert(interval->spill_definition_pos() > 0, "position not set correctly");
2456         assert(interval->canonical_spill_slot() >= LinearScan::nof_regs, "no spill slot assigned");
2457         assert(interval->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs, "interval is on stack, so stack slot is registered twice");
2458 
2459         set_oop(map, frame_map()->slot_regname(interval->canonical_spill_slot() - LinearScan::nof_regs));
2460       }
2461     }
2462   }
2463 
2464   // add oops from lock stack
2465   assert(info->stack() != NULL, "CodeEmitInfo must always have a stack");
2466   int locks_count = info->stack()->total_locks_size();
2467   for (int i = 0; i < locks_count; i++) {
2468     set_oop(map, frame_map()->monitor_object_regname(i));
2469   }
2470 
2471   return map;
2472 }
2473 
2474 
2475 void LinearScan::compute_oop_map(IntervalWalker* iw, const LIR_OpVisitState &visitor, LIR_Op* op) {
2476   assert(visitor.info_count() > 0, "no oop map needed");
2477 
2478   // compute oop_map only for first CodeEmitInfo
2479   // because it is (in most cases) equal for all other infos of the same operation
2480   CodeEmitInfo* first_info = visitor.info_at(0);
2481   OopMap* first_oop_map = compute_oop_map(iw, op, first_info, visitor.has_call());
2482 
2483   for (int i = 0; i < visitor.info_count(); i++) {
2484     CodeEmitInfo* info = visitor.info_at(i);
2485     OopMap* oop_map = first_oop_map;
2486 
2487     // compute worst case interpreter size in case of a deoptimization
2488     _compilation->update_interpreter_frame_size(info->interpreter_frame_size());
2489 
2490     if (info->stack()->locks_size() != first_info->stack()->locks_size()) {
2491       // this info has a different number of locks then the precomputed oop map
2492       // (possible for lock and unlock instructions) -> compute oop map with
2493       // correct lock information
2494       oop_map = compute_oop_map(iw, op, info, visitor.has_call());
2495     }
2496 
2497     if (info->_oop_map == NULL) {
2498       info->_oop_map = oop_map;
2499     } else {
2500       // a CodeEmitInfo can not be shared between different LIR-instructions
2501       // because interval splitting can occur anywhere between two instructions
2502       // and so the oop maps must be different
2503       // -> check if the already set oop_map is exactly the one calculated for this operation
2504       assert(info->_oop_map == oop_map, "same CodeEmitInfo used for multiple LIR instructions");
2505     }
2506   }
2507 }
2508 
2509 
2510 // frequently used constants
2511 // Allocate them with new so they are never destroyed (otherwise, a
2512 // forced exit could destroy these objects while they are still in
2513 // use).
2514 ConstantOopWriteValue* LinearScan::_oop_null_scope_value = new (mtCompiler) ConstantOopWriteValue(NULL);
2515 ConstantIntValue*      LinearScan::_int_m1_scope_value = new (mtCompiler) ConstantIntValue(-1);
2516 ConstantIntValue*      LinearScan::_int_0_scope_value =  new (mtCompiler) ConstantIntValue((jint)0);
2517 ConstantIntValue*      LinearScan::_int_1_scope_value =  new (mtCompiler) ConstantIntValue(1);
2518 ConstantIntValue*      LinearScan::_int_2_scope_value =  new (mtCompiler) ConstantIntValue(2);
2519 LocationValue*         _illegal_value = new (mtCompiler) LocationValue(Location());
2520 
2521 void LinearScan::init_compute_debug_info() {
2522   // cache for frequently used scope values
2523   // (cpu registers and stack slots)
2524   int cache_size = (LinearScan::nof_cpu_regs + frame_map()->argcount() + max_spills()) * 2;
2525   _scope_value_cache = ScopeValueArray(cache_size, cache_size, NULL);
2526 }
2527 
2528 MonitorValue* LinearScan::location_for_monitor_index(int monitor_index) {
2529   Location loc;
2530   if (!frame_map()->location_for_monitor_object(monitor_index, &loc)) {
2531     bailout("too large frame");
2532   }
2533   ScopeValue* object_scope_value = new LocationValue(loc);
2534 
2535   if (!frame_map()->location_for_monitor_lock(monitor_index, &loc)) {
2536     bailout("too large frame");
2537   }
2538   return new MonitorValue(object_scope_value, loc);
2539 }
2540 
2541 LocationValue* LinearScan::location_for_name(int name, Location::Type loc_type) {
2542   Location loc;
2543   if (!frame_map()->locations_for_slot(name, loc_type, &loc)) {
2544     bailout("too large frame");
2545   }
2546   return new LocationValue(loc);
2547 }
2548 
2549 
2550 int LinearScan::append_scope_value_for_constant(LIR_Opr opr, GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* scope_values) {
2551   assert(opr->is_constant(), "should not be called otherwise");
2552 
2553   LIR_Const* c = opr->as_constant_ptr();
2554   BasicType t = c->type();
2555   switch (t) {
2556     case T_OBJECT: {
2557       jobject value = c->as_jobject();
2558       if (value == NULL) {
2559         scope_values->append(_oop_null_scope_value);
2560       } else {
2561         scope_values->append(new ConstantOopWriteValue(c->as_jobject()));
2562       }
2563       return 1;
2564     }
2565 
2566     case T_INT: // fall through
2567     case T_FLOAT: {
2568       int value = c->as_jint_bits();
2569       switch (value) {
2570         case -1: scope_values->append(_int_m1_scope_value); break;
2571         case 0:  scope_values->append(_int_0_scope_value); break;
2572         case 1:  scope_values->append(_int_1_scope_value); break;
2573         case 2:  scope_values->append(_int_2_scope_value); break;
2574         default: scope_values->append(new ConstantIntValue(c->as_jint_bits())); break;
2575       }
2576       return 1;
2577     }
2578 
2579     case T_LONG: // fall through
2580     case T_DOUBLE: {
2581 #ifdef _LP64
2582       scope_values->append(_int_0_scope_value);
2583       scope_values->append(new ConstantLongValue(c->as_jlong_bits()));
2584 #else
2585       if (hi_word_offset_in_bytes > lo_word_offset_in_bytes) {
2586         scope_values->append(new ConstantIntValue(c->as_jint_hi_bits()));
2587         scope_values->append(new ConstantIntValue(c->as_jint_lo_bits()));
2588       } else {
2589         scope_values->append(new ConstantIntValue(c->as_jint_lo_bits()));
2590         scope_values->append(new ConstantIntValue(c->as_jint_hi_bits()));
2591       }
2592 #endif
2593       return 2;
2594     }
2595 
2596     case T_ADDRESS: {
2597 #ifdef _LP64
2598       scope_values->append(new ConstantLongValue(c->as_jint()));
2599 #else
2600       scope_values->append(new ConstantIntValue(c->as_jint()));
2601 #endif
2602       return 1;
2603     }
2604 
2605     default:
2606       ShouldNotReachHere();
2607       return -1;
2608   }
2609 }
2610 
2611 int LinearScan::append_scope_value_for_operand(LIR_Opr opr, GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* scope_values) {
2612   if (opr->is_single_stack()) {
2613     int stack_idx = opr->single_stack_ix();
2614     bool is_oop = opr->is_oop_register();
2615     int cache_idx = (stack_idx + LinearScan::nof_cpu_regs) * 2 + (is_oop ? 1 : 0);
2616 
2617     ScopeValue* sv = _scope_value_cache.at(cache_idx);
2618     if (sv == NULL) {
2619       Location::Type loc_type = is_oop ? Location::oop : Location::normal;
2620       sv = location_for_name(stack_idx, loc_type);
2621       _scope_value_cache.at_put(cache_idx, sv);
2622     }
2623 
2624     // check if cached value is correct
2625     DEBUG_ONLY(assert_equal(sv, location_for_name(stack_idx, is_oop ? Location::oop : Location::normal)));
2626 
2627     scope_values->append(sv);
2628     return 1;
2629 
2630   } else if (opr->is_single_cpu()) {
2631     bool is_oop = opr->is_oop_register();
2632     int cache_idx = opr->cpu_regnr() * 2 + (is_oop ? 1 : 0);
2633     Location::Type int_loc_type = NOT_LP64(Location::normal) LP64_ONLY(Location::int_in_long);
2634 
2635     ScopeValue* sv = _scope_value_cache.at(cache_idx);
2636     if (sv == NULL) {
2637       Location::Type loc_type = is_oop ? Location::oop : int_loc_type;
2638       VMReg rname = frame_map()->regname(opr);
2639       sv = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(loc_type, rname));
2640       _scope_value_cache.at_put(cache_idx, sv);
2641     }
2642 
2643     // check if cached value is correct
2644     DEBUG_ONLY(assert_equal(sv, new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(is_oop ? Location::oop : int_loc_type, frame_map()->regname(opr)))));
2645 
2646     scope_values->append(sv);
2647     return 1;
2648 
2649 #ifdef X86
2650   } else if (opr->is_single_xmm()) {
2651     VMReg rname = opr->as_xmm_float_reg()->as_VMReg();
2652     LocationValue* sv = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname));
2653 
2654     scope_values->append(sv);
2655     return 1;
2656 #endif
2657 
2658   } else if (opr->is_single_fpu()) {
2659 #ifdef IA32
2660     // the exact location of fpu stack values is only known
2661     // during fpu stack allocation, so the stack allocator object
2662     // must be present
2663     assert(use_fpu_stack_allocation(), "should not have float stack values without fpu stack allocation (all floats must be SSE2)");
2664     assert(_fpu_stack_allocator != NULL, "must be present");
2665     opr = _fpu_stack_allocator->to_fpu_stack(opr);
2666 #elif defined(AMD64)
2667     assert(false, "FPU not used on x86-64");
2668 #endif
2669 
2670     Location::Type loc_type = float_saved_as_double ? Location::float_in_dbl : Location::normal;
2671     VMReg rname = frame_map()->fpu_regname(opr->fpu_regnr());
2672 #ifndef __SOFTFP__
2673 #ifndef VM_LITTLE_ENDIAN
2674     // On S390 a (single precision) float value occupies only the high
2675     // word of the full double register. So when the double register is
2676     // stored to memory (e.g. by the RegisterSaver), then the float value
2677     // is found at offset 0. I.e. the code below is not needed on S390.
2678 #ifndef S390
2679     if (! float_saved_as_double) {
2680       // On big endian system, we may have an issue if float registers use only
2681       // the low half of the (same) double registers.
2682       // Both the float and the double could have the same regnr but would correspond
2683       // to two different addresses once saved.
2684 
2685       // get next safely (no assertion checks)
2686       VMReg next = VMRegImpl::as_VMReg(1+rname->value());
2687       if (next->is_reg() &&
2688           (next->as_FloatRegister() == rname->as_FloatRegister())) {
2689         // the back-end does use the same numbering for the double and the float
2690         rname = next; // VMReg for the low bits, e.g. the real VMReg for the float
2691       }
2692     }
2693 #endif // !S390
2694 #endif
2695 #endif
2696     LocationValue* sv = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(loc_type, rname));
2697 
2698     scope_values->append(sv);
2699     return 1;
2700 
2701   } else {
2702     // double-size operands
2703 
2704     ScopeValue* first;
2705     ScopeValue* second;
2706 
2707     if (opr->is_double_stack()) {
2708 #ifdef _LP64
2709       Location loc1;
2710       Location::Type loc_type = opr->type() == T_LONG ? Location::lng : Location::dbl;
2711       if (!frame_map()->locations_for_slot(opr->double_stack_ix(), loc_type, &loc1, NULL)) {
2712         bailout("too large frame");
2713       }
2714 
2715       first =  new LocationValue(loc1);
2716       second = _int_0_scope_value;
2717 #else
2718       Location loc1, loc2;
2719       if (!frame_map()->locations_for_slot(opr->double_stack_ix(), Location::normal, &loc1, &loc2)) {
2720         bailout("too large frame");
2721       }
2722       first =  new LocationValue(loc1);
2723       second = new LocationValue(loc2);
2724 #endif // _LP64
2725 
2726     } else if (opr->is_double_cpu()) {
2727 #ifdef _LP64
2728       VMReg rname_first = opr->as_register_lo()->as_VMReg();
2729       first = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::lng, rname_first));
2730       second = _int_0_scope_value;
2731 #else
2732       VMReg rname_first = opr->as_register_lo()->as_VMReg();
2733       VMReg rname_second = opr->as_register_hi()->as_VMReg();
2734 
2735       if (hi_word_offset_in_bytes < lo_word_offset_in_bytes) {
2736         // lo/hi and swapped relative to first and second, so swap them
2737         VMReg tmp = rname_first;
2738         rname_first = rname_second;
2739         rname_second = tmp;
2740       }
2741 
2742       first = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname_first));
2743       second = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname_second));
2744 #endif //_LP64
2745 
2746 
2747 #ifdef X86
2748     } else if (opr->is_double_xmm()) {
2749       assert(opr->fpu_regnrLo() == opr->fpu_regnrHi(), "assumed in calculation");
2750       VMReg rname_first  = opr->as_xmm_double_reg()->as_VMReg();
2751 #  ifdef _LP64
2752       first = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::dbl, rname_first));
2753       second = _int_0_scope_value;
2754 #  else
2755       first = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname_first));
2756       // %%% This is probably a waste but we'll keep things as they were for now
2757       if (true) {
2758         VMReg rname_second = rname_first->next();
2759         second = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname_second));
2760       }
2761 #  endif
2762 #endif
2763 
2764     } else if (opr->is_double_fpu()) {
2765       // On SPARC, fpu_regnrLo/fpu_regnrHi represents the two halves of
2766       // the double as float registers in the native ordering. On X86,
2767       // fpu_regnrLo is a FPU stack slot whose VMReg represents
2768       // the low-order word of the double and fpu_regnrLo + 1 is the
2769       // name for the other half.  *first and *second must represent the
2770       // least and most significant words, respectively.
2771 
2772 #ifdef IA32
2773       // the exact location of fpu stack values is only known
2774       // during fpu stack allocation, so the stack allocator object
2775       // must be present
2776       assert(use_fpu_stack_allocation(), "should not have float stack values without fpu stack allocation (all floats must be SSE2)");
2777       assert(_fpu_stack_allocator != NULL, "must be present");
2778       opr = _fpu_stack_allocator->to_fpu_stack(opr);
2779 
2780       assert(opr->fpu_regnrLo() == opr->fpu_regnrHi(), "assumed in calculation (only fpu_regnrLo is used)");
2781 #endif
2782 #ifdef AMD64
2783       assert(false, "FPU not used on x86-64");
2784 #endif
2785 #ifdef ARM32
2786       assert(opr->fpu_regnrHi() == opr->fpu_regnrLo() + 1, "assumed in calculation (only fpu_regnrLo is used)");
2787 #endif
2788 
2789 #ifdef VM_LITTLE_ENDIAN
2790       VMReg rname_first = frame_map()->fpu_regname(opr->fpu_regnrLo());
2791 #else
2792       VMReg rname_first = frame_map()->fpu_regname(opr->fpu_regnrHi());
2793 #endif
2794 
2795 #ifdef _LP64
2796       first = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::dbl, rname_first));
2797       second = _int_0_scope_value;
2798 #else
2799       first = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname_first));
2800       // %%% This is probably a waste but we'll keep things as they were for now
2801       if (true) {
2802         VMReg rname_second = rname_first->next();
2803         second = new LocationValue(Location::new_reg_loc(Location::normal, rname_second));
2804       }
2805 #endif
2806 
2807     } else {
2808       ShouldNotReachHere();
2809       first = NULL;
2810       second = NULL;
2811     }
2812 
2813     assert(first != NULL && second != NULL, "must be set");
2814     // The convention the interpreter uses is that the second local
2815     // holds the first raw word of the native double representation.
2816     // This is actually reasonable, since locals and stack arrays
2817     // grow downwards in all implementations.
2818     // (If, on some machine, the interpreter's Java locals or stack
2819     // were to grow upwards, the embedded doubles would be word-swapped.)
2820     scope_values->append(second);
2821     scope_values->append(first);
2822     return 2;
2823   }
2824 }
2825 
2826 
2827 int LinearScan::append_scope_value(int op_id, Value value, GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>* scope_values) {
2828   if (value != NULL) {
2829     LIR_Opr opr = value->operand();
2830     Constant* con = value->as_Constant();
2831 
2832     assert(con == NULL || opr->is_virtual() || opr->is_constant() || opr->is_illegal(), "assumption: Constant instructions have only constant operands (or illegal if constant is optimized away)");
2833     assert(con != NULL || opr->is_virtual(), "assumption: non-Constant instructions have only virtual operands");
2834 
2835     if (con != NULL && !con->is_pinned() && !opr->is_constant()) {
2836       // Unpinned constants may have a virtual operand for a part of the lifetime
2837       // or may be illegal when it was optimized away,
2838       // so always use a constant operand
2839       opr = LIR_OprFact::value_type(con->type());
2840     }
2841     assert(opr->is_virtual() || opr->is_constant(), "other cases not allowed here");
2842 
2843     if (opr->is_virtual()) {
2844       LIR_OpVisitState::OprMode mode = LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode;
2845 
2846       BlockBegin* block = block_of_op_with_id(op_id);
2847       if (block->number_of_sux() == 1 && op_id == block->last_lir_instruction_id()) {
2848         // generating debug information for the last instruction of a block.
2849         // if this instruction is a branch, spill moves are inserted before this branch
2850         // and so the wrong operand would be returned (spill moves at block boundaries are not
2851         // considered in the live ranges of intervals)
2852         // Solution: use the first op_id of the branch target block instead.
2853         if (block->lir()->instructions_list()->last()->as_OpBranch() != NULL) {
2854           if (block->live_out().at(opr->vreg_number())) {
2855             op_id = block->sux_at(0)->first_lir_instruction_id();
2856             mode = LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode;
2857           }
2858         }
2859       }
2860 
2861       // Get current location of operand
2862       // The operand must be live because debug information is considered when building the intervals
2863       // if the interval is not live, color_lir_opr will cause an assertion failure
2864       opr = color_lir_opr(opr, op_id, mode);
2865       assert(!has_call(op_id) || opr->is_stack() || !is_caller_save(reg_num(opr)), "can not have caller-save register operands at calls");
2866 
2867       // Append to ScopeValue array
2868       return append_scope_value_for_operand(opr, scope_values);
2869 
2870     } else {
2871       assert(value->as_Constant() != NULL, "all other instructions have only virtual operands");
2872       assert(opr->is_constant(), "operand must be constant");
2873 
2874       return append_scope_value_for_constant(opr, scope_values);
2875     }
2876   } else {
2877     // append a dummy value because real value not needed
2878     scope_values->append(_illegal_value);
2879     return 1;
2880   }
2881 }
2882 
2883 
2884 IRScopeDebugInfo* LinearScan::compute_debug_info_for_scope(int op_id, IRScope* cur_scope, ValueStack* cur_state, ValueStack* innermost_state) {
2885   IRScopeDebugInfo* caller_debug_info = NULL;
2886 
2887   ValueStack* caller_state = cur_state->caller_state();
2888   if (caller_state != NULL) {
2889     // process recursively to compute outermost scope first
2890     caller_debug_info = compute_debug_info_for_scope(op_id, cur_scope->caller(), caller_state, innermost_state);
2891   }
2892 
2893   // initialize these to null.
2894   // If we don't need deopt info or there are no locals, expressions or monitors,
2895   // then these get recorded as no information and avoids the allocation of 0 length arrays.
2896   GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>*   locals      = NULL;
2897   GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>*   expressions = NULL;
2898   GrowableArray<MonitorValue*>* monitors    = NULL;
2899 
2900   // describe local variable values
2901   int nof_locals = cur_state->locals_size();
2902   if (nof_locals > 0) {
2903     locals = new GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>(nof_locals);
2904 
2905     int pos = 0;
2906     while (pos < nof_locals) {
2907       assert(pos < cur_state->locals_size(), "why not?");
2908 
2909       Value local = cur_state->local_at(pos);
2910       pos += append_scope_value(op_id, local, locals);
2911 
2912       assert(locals->length() == pos, "must match");
2913     }
2914     assert(locals->length() == cur_scope->method()->max_locals(), "wrong number of locals");
2915     assert(locals->length() == cur_state->locals_size(), "wrong number of locals");
2916   } else if (cur_scope->method()->max_locals() > 0) {
2917     assert(cur_state->kind() == ValueStack::EmptyExceptionState, "should be");
2918     nof_locals = cur_scope->method()->max_locals();
2919     locals = new GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>(nof_locals);
2920     for(int i = 0; i < nof_locals; i++) {
2921       locals->append(_illegal_value);
2922     }
2923   }
2924 
2925   // describe expression stack
2926   int nof_stack = cur_state->stack_size();
2927   if (nof_stack > 0) {
2928     expressions = new GrowableArray<ScopeValue*>(nof_stack);
2929 
2930     int pos = 0;
2931     while (pos < nof_stack) {
2932       Value expression = cur_state->stack_at_inc(pos);
2933       append_scope_value(op_id, expression, expressions);
2934 
2935       assert(expressions->length() == pos, "must match");
2936     }
2937     assert(expressions->length() == cur_state->stack_size(), "wrong number of stack entries");
2938   }
2939 
2940   // describe monitors
2941   int nof_locks = cur_state->locks_size();
2942   if (nof_locks > 0) {
2943     int lock_offset = cur_state->caller_state() != NULL ? cur_state->caller_state()->total_locks_size() : 0;
2944     monitors = new GrowableArray<MonitorValue*>(nof_locks);
2945     for (int i = 0; i < nof_locks; i++) {
2946       monitors->append(location_for_monitor_index(lock_offset + i));
2947     }
2948   }
2949 
2950   return new IRScopeDebugInfo(cur_scope, cur_state->bci(), locals, expressions, monitors, caller_debug_info, cur_state->should_reexecute());
2951 }
2952 
2953 
2954 void LinearScan::compute_debug_info(CodeEmitInfo* info, int op_id) {
2955   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("creating debug information at op_id %d", op_id));
2956 
2957   IRScope* innermost_scope = info->scope();
2958   ValueStack* innermost_state = info->stack();
2959 
2960   assert(innermost_scope != NULL && innermost_state != NULL, "why is it missing?");
2961 
2962   DEBUG_ONLY(check_stack_depth(info, innermost_state->stack_size()));
2963 
2964   if (info->_scope_debug_info == NULL) {
2965     // compute debug information
2966     info->_scope_debug_info = compute_debug_info_for_scope(op_id, innermost_scope, innermost_state, innermost_state);
2967   } else {
2968     // debug information already set. Check that it is correct from the current point of view
2969     DEBUG_ONLY(assert_equal(info->_scope_debug_info, compute_debug_info_for_scope(op_id, innermost_scope, innermost_state, innermost_state)));
2970   }
2971 }
2972 
2973 
2974 void LinearScan::assign_reg_num(LIR_OpList* instructions, IntervalWalker* iw) {
2975   LIR_OpVisitState visitor;
2976   int num_inst = instructions->length();
2977   bool has_dead = false;
2978 
2979   for (int j = 0; j < num_inst; j++) {
2980     LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
2981     if (op == NULL) {  // this can happen when spill-moves are removed in eliminate_spill_moves
2982       has_dead = true;
2983       continue;
2984     }
2985     int op_id = op->id();
2986 
2987     // visit instruction to get list of operands
2988     visitor.visit(op);
2989 
2990     // iterate all modes of the visitor and process all virtual operands
2991     for_each_visitor_mode(mode) {
2992       int n = visitor.opr_count(mode);
2993       for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
2994         LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(mode, k);
2995         if (opr->is_virtual_register()) {
2996           visitor.set_opr_at(mode, k, color_lir_opr(opr, op_id, mode));
2997         }
2998       }
2999     }
3000 
3001     if (visitor.info_count() > 0) {
3002       // exception handling
3003       if (compilation()->has_exception_handlers()) {
3004         XHandlers* xhandlers = visitor.all_xhandler();
3005         int n = xhandlers->length();
3006         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
3007           XHandler* handler = xhandlers->handler_at(k);
3008           if (handler->entry_code() != NULL) {
3009             assign_reg_num(handler->entry_code()->instructions_list(), NULL);
3010           }
3011         }
3012       } else {
3013         assert(visitor.all_xhandler()->length() == 0, "missed exception handler");
3014       }
3015 
3016       // compute oop map
3017       assert(iw != NULL, "needed for compute_oop_map");
3018       compute_oop_map(iw, visitor, op);
3019 
3020       // compute debug information
3021       if (!use_fpu_stack_allocation()) {
3022         // compute debug information if fpu stack allocation is not needed.
3023         // when fpu stack allocation is needed, the debug information can not
3024         // be computed here because the exact location of fpu operands is not known
3025         // -> debug information is created inside the fpu stack allocator
3026         int n = visitor.info_count();
3027         for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
3028           compute_debug_info(visitor.info_at(k), op_id);
3029         }
3030       }
3031     }
3032 
3033 #ifdef ASSERT
3034     // make sure we haven't made the op invalid.
3035     op->verify();
3036 #endif
3037 
3038     // remove useless moves
3039     if (op->code() == lir_move) {
3040       assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "move must be LIR_Op1");
3041       LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
3042       LIR_Opr src = move->in_opr();
3043       LIR_Opr dst = move->result_opr();
3044       if (dst == src ||
3045           (!dst->is_pointer() && !src->is_pointer() &&
3046            src->is_same_register(dst))) {
3047         instructions->at_put(j, NULL);
3048         has_dead = true;
3049       }
3050     }
3051   }
3052 
3053   if (has_dead) {
3054     // iterate all instructions of the block and remove all null-values.
3055     int insert_point = 0;
3056     for (int j = 0; j < num_inst; j++) {
3057       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
3058       if (op != NULL) {
3059         if (insert_point != j) {
3060           instructions->at_put(insert_point, op);
3061         }
3062         insert_point++;
3063       }
3064     }
3065     instructions->trunc_to(insert_point);
3066   }
3067 }
3068 
3069 void LinearScan::assign_reg_num() {
3070   TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_assign_reg_num);
3071 
3072   init_compute_debug_info();
3073   IntervalWalker* iw = init_compute_oop_maps();
3074 
3075   int num_blocks = block_count();
3076   for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
3077     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
3078     assign_reg_num(block->lir()->instructions_list(), iw);
3079   }
3080 }
3081 
3082 
3083 void LinearScan::do_linear_scan() {
3084   NOT_PRODUCT(_total_timer.begin_method());
3085 
3086   number_instructions();
3087 
3088   NOT_PRODUCT(print_lir(1, "Before Register Allocation"));
3089 
3090   compute_local_live_sets();
3091   compute_global_live_sets();
3092   CHECK_BAILOUT();
3093 
3094   build_intervals();
3095   CHECK_BAILOUT();
3096   sort_intervals_before_allocation();
3097 
3098   NOT_PRODUCT(print_intervals("Before Register Allocation"));
3099   NOT_PRODUCT(LinearScanStatistic::compute(this, _stat_before_alloc));
3100 
3101   allocate_registers();
3102   CHECK_BAILOUT();
3103 
3104   resolve_data_flow();
3105   if (compilation()->has_exception_handlers()) {
3106     resolve_exception_handlers();
3107   }
3108   // fill in number of spill slots into frame_map
3109   propagate_spill_slots();
3110   CHECK_BAILOUT();
3111 
3112   NOT_PRODUCT(print_intervals("After Register Allocation"));
3113   NOT_PRODUCT(print_lir(2, "LIR after register allocation:"));
3114 
3115   sort_intervals_after_allocation();
3116 
3117   DEBUG_ONLY(verify());
3118 
3119   eliminate_spill_moves();
3120   assign_reg_num();
3121   CHECK_BAILOUT();
3122 
3123   NOT_PRODUCT(print_lir(2, "LIR after assignment of register numbers:"));
3124   NOT_PRODUCT(LinearScanStatistic::compute(this, _stat_after_asign));
3125 
3126   { TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_allocate_fpu_stack);
3127 
3128     if (use_fpu_stack_allocation()) {
3129       allocate_fpu_stack(); // Only has effect on Intel
3130       NOT_PRODUCT(print_lir(2, "LIR after FPU stack allocation:"));
3131     }
3132   }
3133 
3134 #ifndef RISCV
3135   // Disable these optimizations on riscv temporarily, because it does not
3136   // work when the comparison operands are bound to branches or cmoves.
3137   { TIME_LINEAR_SCAN(timer_optimize_lir);
3138 
3139     EdgeMoveOptimizer::optimize(ir()->code());
3140     ControlFlowOptimizer::optimize(ir()->code());
3141     // check that cfg is still correct after optimizations
3142     ir()->verify();
3143   }
3144 #endif
3145 
3146   NOT_PRODUCT(print_lir(1, "Before Code Generation", false));
3147   NOT_PRODUCT(LinearScanStatistic::compute(this, _stat_final));
3148   NOT_PRODUCT(_total_timer.end_method(this));
3149 }
3150 
3151 
3152 // ********** Printing functions
3153 
3154 #ifndef PRODUCT
3155 
3156 void LinearScan::print_timers(double total) {
3157   _total_timer.print(total);
3158 }
3159 
3160 void LinearScan::print_statistics() {
3161   _stat_before_alloc.print("before allocation");
3162   _stat_after_asign.print("after assignment of register");
3163   _stat_final.print("after optimization");
3164 }
3165 
3166 void LinearScan::print_bitmap(BitMap& b) {
3167   for (unsigned int i = 0; i < b.size(); i++) {
3168     if (b.at(i)) tty->print("%d ", i);
3169   }
3170   tty->cr();
3171 }
3172 
3173 void LinearScan::print_intervals(const char* label) {
3174   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 1) {
3175     int i;
3176     tty->cr();
3177     tty->print_cr("%s", label);
3178 
3179     for (i = 0; i < interval_count(); i++) {
3180       Interval* interval = interval_at(i);
3181       if (interval != NULL) {
3182         interval->print();
3183       }
3184     }
3185 
3186     tty->cr();
3187     tty->print_cr("--- Basic Blocks ---");
3188     for (i = 0; i < block_count(); i++) {
3189       BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
3190       tty->print("B%d [%d, %d, %d, %d] ", block->block_id(), block->first_lir_instruction_id(), block->last_lir_instruction_id(), block->loop_index(), block->loop_depth());
3191     }
3192     tty->cr();
3193     tty->cr();
3194   }
3195 
3196   if (PrintCFGToFile) {
3197     CFGPrinter::print_intervals(&_intervals, label);
3198   }
3199 }
3200 
3201 void LinearScan::print_lir(int level, const char* label, bool hir_valid) {
3202   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= level) {
3203     tty->cr();
3204     tty->print_cr("%s", label);
3205     print_LIR(ir()->linear_scan_order());
3206     tty->cr();
3207   }
3208 
3209   if (level == 1 && PrintCFGToFile) {
3210     CFGPrinter::print_cfg(ir()->linear_scan_order(), label, hir_valid, true);
3211   }
3212 }
3213 
3214 void LinearScan::print_reg_num(outputStream* out, int reg_num) {
3215   if (reg_num == -1) {
3216     out->print("[ANY]");
3217     return;
3218   } else if (reg_num >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base) {
3219     out->print("[VREG %d]", reg_num);
3220     return;
3221   }
3222 
3223   LIR_Opr opr = get_operand(reg_num);
3224   assert(opr->is_valid(), "unknown register");
3225   opr->print(out);
3226 }
3227 
3228 LIR_Opr LinearScan::get_operand(int reg_num) {
3229   LIR_Opr opr = LIR_OprFact::illegal();
3230 
3231 #ifdef X86
3232   int last_xmm_reg = pd_last_xmm_reg;
3233 #ifdef _LP64
3234   if (UseAVX < 3) {
3235     last_xmm_reg = pd_first_xmm_reg + (pd_nof_xmm_regs_frame_map / 2) - 1;
3236   }
3237 #endif
3238 #endif
3239   if (reg_num >= pd_first_cpu_reg && reg_num <= pd_last_cpu_reg) {
3240     opr = LIR_OprFact::single_cpu(reg_num);
3241   } else if (reg_num >= pd_first_fpu_reg && reg_num <= pd_last_fpu_reg) {
3242     opr = LIR_OprFact::single_fpu(reg_num - pd_first_fpu_reg);
3243 #ifdef X86
3244   } else if (reg_num >= pd_first_xmm_reg && reg_num <= last_xmm_reg) {
3245     opr = LIR_OprFact::single_xmm(reg_num - pd_first_xmm_reg);
3246 #endif
3247   } else {
3248     // reg_num == -1 or a virtual register, return the illegal operand
3249   }
3250   return opr;
3251 }
3252 
3253 Interval* LinearScan::find_interval_at(int reg_num) const {
3254   if (reg_num < 0 || reg_num >= _intervals.length()) {
3255     return NULL;
3256   }
3257   return interval_at(reg_num);
3258 }
3259 
3260 #endif // PRODUCT
3261 
3262 
3263 // ********** verification functions for allocation
3264 // (check that all intervals have a correct register and that no registers are overwritten)
3265 #ifdef ASSERT
3266 
3267 void LinearScan::verify() {
3268   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("********* verifying intervals ******************************************"));
3269   verify_intervals();
3270 
3271   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("********* verifying that no oops are in fixed intervals ****************"));
3272   verify_no_oops_in_fixed_intervals();
3273 
3274   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("********* verifying that unpinned constants are not alive across block boundaries"));
3275   verify_constants();
3276 
3277   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("********* verifying register allocation ********************************"));
3278   verify_registers();
3279 
3280   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("********* no errors found **********************************************"));
3281 }
3282 
3283 void LinearScan::verify_intervals() {
3284   int len = interval_count();
3285   bool has_error = false;
3286 
3287   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
3288     Interval* i1 = interval_at(i);
3289     if (i1 == NULL) continue;
3290 
3291     i1->check_split_children();
3292 
3293     if (i1->reg_num() != i) {
3294       tty->print_cr("Interval %d is on position %d in list", i1->reg_num(), i); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3295       has_error = true;
3296     }
3297 
3298     if (i1->reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base && i1->type() == T_ILLEGAL) {
3299       tty->print_cr("Interval %d has no type assigned", i1->reg_num()); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3300       has_error = true;
3301     }
3302 
3303     if (i1->assigned_reg() == any_reg) {
3304       tty->print_cr("Interval %d has no register assigned", i1->reg_num()); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3305       has_error = true;
3306     }
3307 
3308     if (i1->assigned_reg() == i1->assigned_regHi()) {
3309       tty->print_cr("Interval %d: low and high register equal", i1->reg_num()); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3310       has_error = true;
3311     }
3312 
3313     if (!is_processed_reg_num(i1->assigned_reg())) {
3314       tty->print_cr("Can not have an Interval for an ignored register"); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3315       has_error = true;
3316     }
3317 
3318     // special intervals that are created in MoveResolver
3319     // -> ignore them because the range information has no meaning there
3320     if (i1->from() == 1 && i1->to() == 2) continue;
3321 
3322     if (i1->first() == Range::end()) {
3323       tty->print_cr("Interval %d has no Range", i1->reg_num()); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3324       has_error = true;
3325     }
3326 
3327     for (Range* r = i1->first(); r != Range::end(); r = r->next()) {
3328       if (r->from() >= r->to()) {
3329         tty->print_cr("Interval %d has zero length range", i1->reg_num()); i1->print(); tty->cr();
3330         has_error = true;
3331       }
3332     }
3333 
3334     for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
3335       Interval* i2 = interval_at(j);
3336       if (i2 == NULL || (i2->from() == 1 && i2->to() == 2)) continue;
3337 
3338       int r1 = i1->assigned_reg();
3339       int r1Hi = i1->assigned_regHi();
3340       int r2 = i2->assigned_reg();
3341       int r2Hi = i2->assigned_regHi();
3342       if ((r1 == r2 || r1 == r2Hi || (r1Hi != any_reg && (r1Hi == r2 || r1Hi == r2Hi))) && i1->intersects(i2)) {
3343         tty->print_cr("Intervals %d and %d overlap and have the same register assigned", i1->reg_num(), i2->reg_num());
3344         i1->print(); tty->cr();
3345         i2->print(); tty->cr();
3346         has_error = true;
3347       }
3348     }
3349   }
3350 
3351   assert(has_error == false, "register allocation invalid");
3352 }
3353 
3354 
3355 void LinearScan::verify_no_oops_in_fixed_intervals() {
3356   Interval* fixed_intervals;
3357   Interval* other_intervals;
3358   create_unhandled_lists(&fixed_intervals, &other_intervals, is_precolored_cpu_interval, NULL);
3359 
3360   // to ensure a walking until the last instruction id, add a dummy interval
3361   // with a high operation id
3362   other_intervals = new Interval(any_reg);
3363   other_intervals->add_range(max_jint - 2, max_jint - 1);
3364   IntervalWalker* iw = new IntervalWalker(this, fixed_intervals, other_intervals);
3365 
3366   LIR_OpVisitState visitor;
3367   for (int i = 0; i < block_count(); i++) {
3368     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
3369 
3370     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
3371 
3372     for (int j = 0; j < instructions->length(); j++) {
3373       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
3374       int op_id = op->id();
3375 
3376       visitor.visit(op);
3377 
3378       if (visitor.info_count() > 0) {
3379         iw->walk_before(op->id());
3380         bool check_live = true;
3381         if (op->code() == lir_move) {
3382           LIR_Op1* move = (LIR_Op1*)op;
3383           check_live = (move->patch_code() == lir_patch_none);
3384         }
3385         LIR_OpBranch* branch = op->as_OpBranch();
3386         if (branch != NULL && branch->stub() != NULL && branch->stub()->is_exception_throw_stub()) {
3387           // Don't bother checking the stub in this case since the
3388           // exception stub will never return to normal control flow.
3389           check_live = false;
3390         }
3391 
3392         // Make sure none of the fixed registers is live across an
3393         // oopmap since we can't handle that correctly.
3394         if (check_live) {
3395           for (Interval* interval = iw->active_first(fixedKind);
3396                interval != Interval::end();
3397                interval = interval->next()) {
3398             if (interval->current_to() > op->id() + 1) {
3399               // This interval is live out of this op so make sure
3400               // that this interval represents some value that's
3401               // referenced by this op either as an input or output.
3402               bool ok = false;
3403               for_each_visitor_mode(mode) {
3404                 int n = visitor.opr_count(mode);
3405                 for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
3406                   LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(mode, k);
3407                   if (opr->is_fixed_cpu()) {
3408                     if (interval_at(reg_num(opr)) == interval) {
3409                       ok = true;
3410                       break;
3411                     }
3412                     int hi = reg_numHi(opr);
3413                     if (hi != -1 && interval_at(hi) == interval) {
3414                       ok = true;
3415                       break;
3416                     }
3417                   }
3418                 }
3419               }
3420               assert(ok, "fixed intervals should never be live across an oopmap point");
3421             }
3422           }
3423         }
3424       }
3425 
3426       // oop-maps at calls do not contain registers, so check is not needed
3427       if (!visitor.has_call()) {
3428 
3429         for_each_visitor_mode(mode) {
3430           int n = visitor.opr_count(mode);
3431           for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
3432             LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(mode, k);
3433 
3434             if (opr->is_fixed_cpu() && opr->is_oop()) {
3435               // operand is a non-virtual cpu register and contains an oop
3436               TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, op->print_on(tty); tty->print("checking operand "); opr->print(); tty->cr());
3437 
3438               Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num(opr));
3439               assert(interval != NULL, "no interval");
3440 
3441               if (mode == LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode) {
3442                 if (interval->to() >= op_id + 1) {
3443                   assert(interval->to() < op_id + 2 ||
3444                          interval->has_hole_between(op_id, op_id + 2),
3445                          "oop input operand live after instruction");
3446                 }
3447               } else if (mode == LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode) {
3448                 if (interval->from() <= op_id - 1) {
3449                   assert(interval->has_hole_between(op_id - 1, op_id),
3450                          "oop input operand live after instruction");
3451                 }
3452               }
3453             }
3454           }
3455         }
3456       }
3457     }
3458   }
3459 }
3460 
3461 
3462 void LinearScan::verify_constants() {
3463   int num_regs = num_virtual_regs();
3464   int size = live_set_size();
3465   int num_blocks = block_count();
3466 
3467   for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
3468     BlockBegin* block = block_at(i);
3469     ResourceBitMap live_at_edge = block->live_in();
3470 
3471     // visit all registers where the live_at_edge bit is set
3472     for (int r = (int)live_at_edge.get_next_one_offset(0, size); r < size; r = (int)live_at_edge.get_next_one_offset(r + 1, size)) {
3473       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("checking interval %d of block B%d", r, block->block_id()));
3474 
3475       Value value = gen()->instruction_for_vreg(r);
3476 
3477       assert(value != NULL, "all intervals live across block boundaries must have Value");
3478       assert(value->operand()->is_register() && value->operand()->is_virtual(), "value must have virtual operand");
3479       assert(value->operand()->vreg_number() == r, "register number must match");
3480       // TKR assert(value->as_Constant() == NULL || value->is_pinned(), "only pinned constants can be alive across block boundaries");
3481     }
3482   }
3483 }
3484 
3485 
3486 class RegisterVerifier: public StackObj {
3487  private:
3488   LinearScan*   _allocator;
3489   BlockList     _work_list;      // all blocks that must be processed
3490   IntervalsList _saved_states;   // saved information of previous check
3491 
3492   // simplified access to methods of LinearScan
3493   Compilation*  compilation() const              { return _allocator->compilation(); }
3494   Interval*     interval_at(int reg_num) const   { return _allocator->interval_at(reg_num); }
3495   int           reg_num(LIR_Opr opr) const       { return _allocator->reg_num(opr); }
3496 
3497   // currently, only registers are processed
3498   int           state_size()                     { return LinearScan::nof_regs; }
3499 
3500   // accessors
3501   IntervalList* state_for_block(BlockBegin* block) { return _saved_states.at(block->block_id()); }
3502   void          set_state_for_block(BlockBegin* block, IntervalList* saved_state) { _saved_states.at_put(block->block_id(), saved_state); }
3503   void          add_to_work_list(BlockBegin* block) { if (!_work_list.contains(block)) _work_list.append(block); }
3504 
3505   // helper functions
3506   IntervalList* copy(IntervalList* input_state);
3507   void          state_put(IntervalList* input_state, int reg, Interval* interval);
3508   bool          check_state(IntervalList* input_state, int reg, Interval* interval);
3509 
3510   void process_block(BlockBegin* block);
3511   void process_xhandler(XHandler* xhandler, IntervalList* input_state);
3512   void process_successor(BlockBegin* block, IntervalList* input_state);
3513   void process_operations(LIR_List* ops, IntervalList* input_state);
3514 
3515  public:
3516   RegisterVerifier(LinearScan* allocator)
3517     : _allocator(allocator)
3518     , _work_list(16)
3519     , _saved_states(BlockBegin::number_of_blocks(), BlockBegin::number_of_blocks(), NULL)
3520   { }
3521 
3522   void verify(BlockBegin* start);
3523 };
3524 
3525 
3526 // entry function from LinearScan that starts the verification
3527 void LinearScan::verify_registers() {
3528   RegisterVerifier verifier(this);
3529   verifier.verify(block_at(0));
3530 }
3531 
3532 
3533 void RegisterVerifier::verify(BlockBegin* start) {
3534   // setup input registers (method arguments) for first block
3535   int input_state_len = state_size();
3536   IntervalList* input_state = new IntervalList(input_state_len, input_state_len, NULL);
3537   CallingConvention* args = compilation()->frame_map()->incoming_arguments();
3538   for (int n = 0; n < args->length(); n++) {
3539     LIR_Opr opr = args->at(n);
3540     if (opr->is_register()) {
3541       Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num(opr));
3542 
3543       if (interval->assigned_reg() < state_size()) {
3544         input_state->at_put(interval->assigned_reg(), interval);
3545       }
3546       if (interval->assigned_regHi() != LinearScan::any_reg && interval->assigned_regHi() < state_size()) {
3547         input_state->at_put(interval->assigned_regHi(), interval);
3548       }
3549     }
3550   }
3551 
3552   set_state_for_block(start, input_state);
3553   add_to_work_list(start);
3554 
3555   // main loop for verification
3556   do {
3557     BlockBegin* block = _work_list.at(0);
3558     _work_list.remove_at(0);
3559 
3560     process_block(block);
3561   } while (!_work_list.is_empty());
3562 }
3563 
3564 void RegisterVerifier::process_block(BlockBegin* block) {
3565   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->cr(); tty->print_cr("process_block B%d", block->block_id()));
3566 
3567   // must copy state because it is modified
3568   IntervalList* input_state = copy(state_for_block(block));
3569 
3570   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
3571     tty->print_cr("Input-State of intervals:");
3572     tty->print("    ");
3573     for (int i = 0; i < state_size(); i++) {
3574       if (input_state->at(i) != NULL) {
3575         tty->print(" %4d", input_state->at(i)->reg_num());
3576       } else {
3577         tty->print("   __");
3578       }
3579     }
3580     tty->cr();
3581     tty->cr();
3582   }
3583 
3584   // process all operations of the block
3585   process_operations(block->lir(), input_state);
3586 
3587   // iterate all successors
3588   for (int i = 0; i < block->number_of_sux(); i++) {
3589     process_successor(block->sux_at(i), input_state);
3590   }
3591 }
3592 
3593 void RegisterVerifier::process_xhandler(XHandler* xhandler, IntervalList* input_state) {
3594   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("process_xhandler B%d", xhandler->entry_block()->block_id()));
3595 
3596   // must copy state because it is modified
3597   input_state = copy(input_state);
3598 
3599   if (xhandler->entry_code() != NULL) {
3600     process_operations(xhandler->entry_code(), input_state);
3601   }
3602   process_successor(xhandler->entry_block(), input_state);
3603 }
3604 
3605 void RegisterVerifier::process_successor(BlockBegin* block, IntervalList* input_state) {
3606   IntervalList* saved_state = state_for_block(block);
3607 
3608   if (saved_state != NULL) {
3609     // this block was already processed before.
3610     // check if new input_state is consistent with saved_state
3611 
3612     bool saved_state_correct = true;
3613     for (int i = 0; i < state_size(); i++) {
3614       if (input_state->at(i) != saved_state->at(i)) {
3615         // current input_state and previous saved_state assume a different
3616         // interval in this register -> assume that this register is invalid
3617         if (saved_state->at(i) != NULL) {
3618           // invalidate old calculation only if it assumed that
3619           // register was valid. when the register was already invalid,
3620           // then the old calculation was correct.
3621           saved_state_correct = false;
3622           saved_state->at_put(i, NULL);
3623 
3624           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("process_successor B%d: invalidating slot %d", block->block_id(), i));
3625         }
3626       }
3627     }
3628 
3629     if (saved_state_correct) {
3630       // already processed block with correct input_state
3631       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("process_successor B%d: previous visit already correct", block->block_id()));
3632     } else {
3633       // must re-visit this block
3634       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("process_successor B%d: must re-visit because input state changed", block->block_id()));
3635       add_to_work_list(block);
3636     }
3637 
3638   } else {
3639     // block was not processed before, so set initial input_state
3640     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("process_successor B%d: initial visit", block->block_id()));
3641 
3642     set_state_for_block(block, copy(input_state));
3643     add_to_work_list(block);
3644   }
3645 }
3646 
3647 
3648 IntervalList* RegisterVerifier::copy(IntervalList* input_state) {
3649   IntervalList* copy_state = new IntervalList(input_state->length());
3650   copy_state->appendAll(input_state);
3651   return copy_state;
3652 }
3653 
3654 void RegisterVerifier::state_put(IntervalList* input_state, int reg, Interval* interval) {
3655   if (reg != LinearScan::any_reg && reg < state_size()) {
3656     if (interval != NULL) {
3657       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("        reg[%d] = %d", reg, interval->reg_num()));
3658     } else if (input_state->at(reg) != NULL) {
3659       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("        reg[%d] = NULL", reg));
3660     }
3661 
3662     input_state->at_put(reg, interval);
3663   }
3664 }
3665 
3666 bool RegisterVerifier::check_state(IntervalList* input_state, int reg, Interval* interval) {
3667   if (reg != LinearScan::any_reg && reg < state_size()) {
3668     if (input_state->at(reg) != interval) {
3669       tty->print_cr("!! Error in register allocation: register %d does not contain interval %d", reg, interval->reg_num());
3670       return true;
3671     }
3672   }
3673   return false;
3674 }
3675 
3676 void RegisterVerifier::process_operations(LIR_List* ops, IntervalList* input_state) {
3677   // visit all instructions of the block
3678   LIR_OpVisitState visitor;
3679   bool has_error = false;
3680 
3681   for (int i = 0; i < ops->length(); i++) {
3682     LIR_Op* op = ops->at(i);
3683     visitor.visit(op);
3684 
3685     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, op->print_on(tty));
3686 
3687     // check if input operands are correct
3688     int j;
3689     int n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode);
3690     for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
3691       LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode, j);
3692       if (opr->is_register() && LinearScan::is_processed_reg_num(reg_num(opr))) {
3693         Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num(opr));
3694         if (op->id() != -1) {
3695           interval = interval->split_child_at_op_id(op->id(), LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode);
3696         }
3697 
3698         has_error |= check_state(input_state, interval->assigned_reg(),   interval->split_parent());
3699         has_error |= check_state(input_state, interval->assigned_regHi(), interval->split_parent());
3700 
3701         // When an operand is marked with is_last_use, then the fpu stack allocator
3702         // removes the register from the fpu stack -> the register contains no value
3703         if (opr->is_last_use()) {
3704           state_put(input_state, interval->assigned_reg(),   NULL);
3705           state_put(input_state, interval->assigned_regHi(), NULL);
3706         }
3707       }
3708     }
3709 
3710     // invalidate all caller save registers at calls
3711     if (visitor.has_call()) {
3712       for (j = 0; j < FrameMap::nof_caller_save_cpu_regs(); j++) {
3713         state_put(input_state, reg_num(FrameMap::caller_save_cpu_reg_at(j)), NULL);
3714       }
3715       for (j = 0; j < FrameMap::nof_caller_save_fpu_regs; j++) {
3716         state_put(input_state, reg_num(FrameMap::caller_save_fpu_reg_at(j)), NULL);
3717       }
3718 
3719 #ifdef X86
3720       int num_caller_save_xmm_regs = FrameMap::get_num_caller_save_xmms();
3721       for (j = 0; j < num_caller_save_xmm_regs; j++) {
3722         state_put(input_state, reg_num(FrameMap::caller_save_xmm_reg_at(j)), NULL);
3723       }
3724 #endif
3725     }
3726 
3727     // process xhandler before output and temp operands
3728     XHandlers* xhandlers = visitor.all_xhandler();
3729     n = xhandlers->length();
3730     for (int k = 0; k < n; k++) {
3731       process_xhandler(xhandlers->handler_at(k), input_state);
3732     }
3733 
3734     // set temp operands (some operations use temp operands also as output operands, so can't set them NULL)
3735     n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode);
3736     for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
3737       LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode, j);
3738       if (opr->is_register() && LinearScan::is_processed_reg_num(reg_num(opr))) {
3739         Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num(opr));
3740         if (op->id() != -1) {
3741           interval = interval->split_child_at_op_id(op->id(), LIR_OpVisitState::tempMode);
3742         }
3743 
3744         state_put(input_state, interval->assigned_reg(),   interval->split_parent());
3745         state_put(input_state, interval->assigned_regHi(), interval->split_parent());
3746       }
3747     }
3748 
3749     // set output operands
3750     n = visitor.opr_count(LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
3751     for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
3752       LIR_Opr opr = visitor.opr_at(LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode, j);
3753       if (opr->is_register() && LinearScan::is_processed_reg_num(reg_num(opr))) {
3754         Interval* interval = interval_at(reg_num(opr));
3755         if (op->id() != -1) {
3756           interval = interval->split_child_at_op_id(op->id(), LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
3757         }
3758 
3759         state_put(input_state, interval->assigned_reg(),   interval->split_parent());
3760         state_put(input_state, interval->assigned_regHi(), interval->split_parent());
3761       }
3762     }
3763   }
3764   assert(has_error == false, "Error in register allocation");
3765 }
3766 
3767 #endif // ASSERT
3768 
3769 
3770 
3771 // **** Implementation of MoveResolver ******************************
3772 
3773 MoveResolver::MoveResolver(LinearScan* allocator) :
3774   _allocator(allocator),
3775   _insert_list(NULL),
3776   _insert_idx(-1),
3777   _insertion_buffer(),
3778   _mapping_from(8),
3779   _mapping_from_opr(8),
3780   _mapping_to(8),
3781   _multiple_reads_allowed(false)
3782 {
3783   for (int i = 0; i < LinearScan::nof_regs; i++) {
3784     _register_blocked[i] = 0;
3785   }
3786   DEBUG_ONLY(check_empty());
3787 }
3788 
3789 
3790 #ifdef ASSERT
3791 
3792 void MoveResolver::check_empty() {
3793   assert(_mapping_from.length() == 0 && _mapping_from_opr.length() == 0 && _mapping_to.length() == 0, "list must be empty before and after processing");
3794   for (int i = 0; i < LinearScan::nof_regs; i++) {
3795     assert(register_blocked(i) == 0, "register map must be empty before and after processing");
3796   }
3797   assert(_multiple_reads_allowed == false, "must have default value");
3798 }
3799 
3800 void MoveResolver::verify_before_resolve() {
3801   assert(_mapping_from.length() == _mapping_from_opr.length(), "length must be equal");
3802   assert(_mapping_from.length() == _mapping_to.length(), "length must be equal");
3803   assert(_insert_list != NULL && _insert_idx != -1, "insert position not set");
3804 
3805   int i, j;
3806   if (!_multiple_reads_allowed) {
3807     for (i = 0; i < _mapping_from.length(); i++) {
3808       for (j = i + 1; j < _mapping_from.length(); j++) {
3809         assert(_mapping_from.at(i) == NULL || _mapping_from.at(i) != _mapping_from.at(j), "cannot read from same interval twice");
3810       }
3811     }
3812   }
3813 
3814   for (i = 0; i < _mapping_to.length(); i++) {
3815     for (j = i + 1; j < _mapping_to.length(); j++) {
3816       assert(_mapping_to.at(i) != _mapping_to.at(j), "cannot write to same interval twice");
3817     }
3818   }
3819 
3820 
3821   ResourceBitMap used_regs(LinearScan::nof_regs + allocator()->frame_map()->argcount() + allocator()->max_spills());
3822   if (!_multiple_reads_allowed) {
3823     for (i = 0; i < _mapping_from.length(); i++) {
3824       Interval* it = _mapping_from.at(i);
3825       if (it != NULL) {
3826         assert(!used_regs.at(it->assigned_reg()), "cannot read from same register twice");
3827         used_regs.set_bit(it->assigned_reg());
3828 
3829         if (it->assigned_regHi() != LinearScan::any_reg) {
3830           assert(!used_regs.at(it->assigned_regHi()), "cannot read from same register twice");
3831           used_regs.set_bit(it->assigned_regHi());
3832         }
3833       }
3834     }
3835   }
3836 
3837   used_regs.clear();
3838   for (i = 0; i < _mapping_to.length(); i++) {
3839     Interval* it = _mapping_to.at(i);
3840     assert(!used_regs.at(it->assigned_reg()), "cannot write to same register twice");
3841     used_regs.set_bit(it->assigned_reg());
3842 
3843     if (it->assigned_regHi() != LinearScan::any_reg) {
3844       assert(!used_regs.at(it->assigned_regHi()), "cannot write to same register twice");
3845       used_regs.set_bit(it->assigned_regHi());
3846     }
3847   }
3848 
3849   used_regs.clear();
3850   for (i = 0; i < _mapping_from.length(); i++) {
3851     Interval* it = _mapping_from.at(i);
3852     if (it != NULL && it->assigned_reg() >= LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3853       used_regs.set_bit(it->assigned_reg());
3854     }
3855   }
3856   for (i = 0; i < _mapping_to.length(); i++) {
3857     Interval* it = _mapping_to.at(i);
3858     assert(!used_regs.at(it->assigned_reg()) || it->assigned_reg() == _mapping_from.at(i)->assigned_reg(), "stack slots used in _mapping_from must be disjoint to _mapping_to");
3859   }
3860 }
3861 
3862 #endif // ASSERT
3863 
3864 
3865 // mark assigned_reg and assigned_regHi of the interval as blocked
3866 void MoveResolver::block_registers(Interval* it) {
3867   int reg = it->assigned_reg();
3868   if (reg < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3869     assert(_multiple_reads_allowed || register_blocked(reg) == 0, "register already marked as used");
3870     set_register_blocked(reg, 1);
3871   }
3872   reg = it->assigned_regHi();
3873   if (reg != LinearScan::any_reg && reg < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3874     assert(_multiple_reads_allowed || register_blocked(reg) == 0, "register already marked as used");
3875     set_register_blocked(reg, 1);
3876   }
3877 }
3878 
3879 // mark assigned_reg and assigned_regHi of the interval as unblocked
3880 void MoveResolver::unblock_registers(Interval* it) {
3881   int reg = it->assigned_reg();
3882   if (reg < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3883     assert(register_blocked(reg) > 0, "register already marked as unused");
3884     set_register_blocked(reg, -1);
3885   }
3886   reg = it->assigned_regHi();
3887   if (reg != LinearScan::any_reg && reg < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3888     assert(register_blocked(reg) > 0, "register already marked as unused");
3889     set_register_blocked(reg, -1);
3890   }
3891 }
3892 
3893 // check if assigned_reg and assigned_regHi of the to-interval are not blocked (or only blocked by from)
3894 bool MoveResolver::save_to_process_move(Interval* from, Interval* to) {
3895   int from_reg = -1;
3896   int from_regHi = -1;
3897   if (from != NULL) {
3898     from_reg = from->assigned_reg();
3899     from_regHi = from->assigned_regHi();
3900   }
3901 
3902   int reg = to->assigned_reg();
3903   if (reg < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3904     if (register_blocked(reg) > 1 || (register_blocked(reg) == 1 && reg != from_reg && reg != from_regHi)) {
3905       return false;
3906     }
3907   }
3908   reg = to->assigned_regHi();
3909   if (reg != LinearScan::any_reg && reg < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
3910     if (register_blocked(reg) > 1 || (register_blocked(reg) == 1 && reg != from_reg && reg != from_regHi)) {
3911       return false;
3912     }
3913   }
3914 
3915   return true;
3916 }
3917 
3918 
3919 void MoveResolver::create_insertion_buffer(LIR_List* list) {
3920   assert(!_insertion_buffer.initialized(), "overwriting existing buffer");
3921   _insertion_buffer.init(list);
3922 }
3923 
3924 void MoveResolver::append_insertion_buffer() {
3925   if (_insertion_buffer.initialized()) {
3926     _insertion_buffer.lir_list()->append(&_insertion_buffer);
3927   }
3928   assert(!_insertion_buffer.initialized(), "must be uninitialized now");
3929 
3930   _insert_list = NULL;
3931   _insert_idx = -1;
3932 }
3933 
3934 void MoveResolver::insert_move(Interval* from_interval, Interval* to_interval) {
3935   assert(from_interval->reg_num() != to_interval->reg_num(), "from and to interval equal");
3936   assert(from_interval->type() == to_interval->type(), "move between different types");
3937   assert(_insert_list != NULL && _insert_idx != -1, "must setup insert position first");
3938   assert(_insertion_buffer.lir_list() == _insert_list, "wrong insertion buffer");
3939 
3940   LIR_Opr from_opr = get_virtual_register(from_interval);
3941   LIR_Opr to_opr = get_virtual_register(to_interval);
3942 
3943   if (!_multiple_reads_allowed) {
3944     // the last_use flag is an optimization for FPU stack allocation. When the same
3945     // input interval is used in more than one move, then it is too difficult to determine
3946     // if this move is really the last use.
3947     from_opr = from_opr->make_last_use();
3948   }
3949   _insertion_buffer.move(_insert_idx, from_opr, to_opr);
3950 
3951   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("MoveResolver: inserted move from register %d (%d, %d) to %d (%d, %d)", from_interval->reg_num(), from_interval->assigned_reg(), from_interval->assigned_regHi(), to_interval->reg_num(), to_interval->assigned_reg(), to_interval->assigned_regHi()));
3952 }
3953 
3954 void MoveResolver::insert_move(LIR_Opr from_opr, Interval* to_interval) {
3955   assert(from_opr->type() == to_interval->type(), "move between different types");
3956   assert(_insert_list != NULL && _insert_idx != -1, "must setup insert position first");
3957   assert(_insertion_buffer.lir_list() == _insert_list, "wrong insertion buffer");
3958 
3959   LIR_Opr to_opr = get_virtual_register(to_interval);
3960   _insertion_buffer.move(_insert_idx, from_opr, to_opr);
3961 
3962   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("MoveResolver: inserted move from constant "); from_opr->print(); tty->print_cr("  to %d (%d, %d)", to_interval->reg_num(), to_interval->assigned_reg(), to_interval->assigned_regHi()));
3963 }
3964 
3965 LIR_Opr MoveResolver::get_virtual_register(Interval* interval) {
3966   // Add a little fudge factor for the bailout since the bailout is only checked periodically. This allows us to hand out
3967   // a few extra registers before we really run out which helps to avoid to trip over assertions.
3968   int reg_num = interval->reg_num();
3969   if (reg_num + 20 >= LIR_Opr::vreg_max) {
3970     _allocator->bailout("out of virtual registers in linear scan");
3971     if (reg_num + 2 >= LIR_Opr::vreg_max) {
3972       // Wrap it around and continue until bailout really happens to avoid hitting assertions.
3973       reg_num = LIR_Opr::vreg_base;
3974     }
3975   }
3976   LIR_Opr vreg = LIR_OprFact::virtual_register(reg_num, interval->type());
3977   assert(vreg != LIR_OprFact::illegal(), "ran out of virtual registers");
3978   return vreg;
3979 }
3980 
3981 void MoveResolver::resolve_mappings() {
3982   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("MoveResolver: resolving mappings for Block B%d, index %d", _insert_list->block() != NULL ? _insert_list->block()->block_id() : -1, _insert_idx));
3983   DEBUG_ONLY(verify_before_resolve());
3984 
3985   // Block all registers that are used as input operands of a move.
3986   // When a register is blocked, no move to this register is emitted.
3987   // This is necessary for detecting cycles in moves.
3988   int i;
3989   for (i = _mapping_from.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
3990     Interval* from_interval = _mapping_from.at(i);
3991     if (from_interval != NULL) {
3992       block_registers(from_interval);
3993     }
3994   }
3995 
3996   int spill_candidate = -1;
3997   while (_mapping_from.length() > 0) {
3998     bool processed_interval = false;
3999 
4000     for (i = _mapping_from.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
4001       Interval* from_interval = _mapping_from.at(i);
4002       Interval* to_interval = _mapping_to.at(i);
4003 
4004       if (save_to_process_move(from_interval, to_interval)) {
4005         // this interval can be processed because target is free
4006         if (from_interval != NULL) {
4007           insert_move(from_interval, to_interval);
4008           unblock_registers(from_interval);
4009         } else {
4010           insert_move(_mapping_from_opr.at(i), to_interval);
4011         }
4012         _mapping_from.remove_at(i);
4013         _mapping_from_opr.remove_at(i);
4014         _mapping_to.remove_at(i);
4015 
4016         processed_interval = true;
4017       } else if (from_interval != NULL && from_interval->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
4018         // this interval cannot be processed now because target is not free
4019         // it starts in a register, so it is a possible candidate for spilling
4020         spill_candidate = i;
4021       }
4022     }
4023 
4024     if (!processed_interval) {
4025       // no move could be processed because there is a cycle in the move list
4026       // (e.g. r1 -> r2, r2 -> r1), so one interval must be spilled to memory
4027       guarantee(spill_candidate != -1, "no interval in register for spilling found");
4028 
4029       // create a new spill interval and assign a stack slot to it
4030       Interval* from_interval = _mapping_from.at(spill_candidate);
4031       Interval* spill_interval = new Interval(-1);
4032       spill_interval->set_type(from_interval->type());
4033 
4034       // add a dummy range because real position is difficult to calculate
4035       // Note: this range is a special case when the integrity of the allocation is checked
4036       spill_interval->add_range(1, 2);
4037 
4038       //       do not allocate a new spill slot for temporary interval, but
4039       //       use spill slot assigned to from_interval. Otherwise moves from
4040       //       one stack slot to another can happen (not allowed by LIR_Assembler
4041       int spill_slot = from_interval->canonical_spill_slot();
4042       if (spill_slot < 0) {
4043         spill_slot = allocator()->allocate_spill_slot(type2spill_size[spill_interval->type()] == 2);
4044         from_interval->set_canonical_spill_slot(spill_slot);
4045       }
4046       spill_interval->assign_reg(spill_slot);
4047       allocator()->append_interval(spill_interval);
4048 
4049       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("created new Interval %d for spilling", spill_interval->reg_num()));
4050 
4051       // insert a move from register to stack and update the mapping
4052       insert_move(from_interval, spill_interval);
4053       _mapping_from.at_put(spill_candidate, spill_interval);
4054       unblock_registers(from_interval);
4055     }
4056   }
4057 
4058   // reset to default value
4059   _multiple_reads_allowed = false;
4060 
4061   // check that all intervals have been processed
4062   DEBUG_ONLY(check_empty());
4063 }
4064 
4065 
4066 void MoveResolver::set_insert_position(LIR_List* insert_list, int insert_idx) {
4067   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("MoveResolver: setting insert position to Block B%d, index %d", insert_list->block() != NULL ? insert_list->block()->block_id() : -1, insert_idx));
4068   assert(_insert_list == NULL && _insert_idx == -1, "use move_insert_position instead of set_insert_position when data already set");
4069 
4070   create_insertion_buffer(insert_list);
4071   _insert_list = insert_list;
4072   _insert_idx = insert_idx;
4073 }
4074 
4075 void MoveResolver::move_insert_position(LIR_List* insert_list, int insert_idx) {
4076   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("MoveResolver: moving insert position to Block B%d, index %d", insert_list->block() != NULL ? insert_list->block()->block_id() : -1, insert_idx));
4077 
4078   if (_insert_list != NULL && (insert_list != _insert_list || insert_idx != _insert_idx)) {
4079     // insert position changed -> resolve current mappings
4080     resolve_mappings();
4081   }
4082 
4083   if (insert_list != _insert_list) {
4084     // block changed -> append insertion_buffer because it is
4085     // bound to a specific block and create a new insertion_buffer
4086     append_insertion_buffer();
4087     create_insertion_buffer(insert_list);
4088   }
4089 
4090   _insert_list = insert_list;
4091   _insert_idx = insert_idx;
4092 }
4093 
4094 void MoveResolver::add_mapping(Interval* from_interval, Interval* to_interval) {
4095   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("MoveResolver: adding mapping from %d (%d, %d) to %d (%d, %d)", from_interval->reg_num(), from_interval->assigned_reg(), from_interval->assigned_regHi(), to_interval->reg_num(), to_interval->assigned_reg(), to_interval->assigned_regHi()));
4096 
4097   _mapping_from.append(from_interval);
4098   _mapping_from_opr.append(LIR_OprFact::illegalOpr);
4099   _mapping_to.append(to_interval);
4100 }
4101 
4102 
4103 void MoveResolver::add_mapping(LIR_Opr from_opr, Interval* to_interval) {
4104   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("MoveResolver: adding mapping from "); from_opr->print(); tty->print_cr(" to %d (%d, %d)", to_interval->reg_num(), to_interval->assigned_reg(), to_interval->assigned_regHi()));
4105   assert(from_opr->is_constant(), "only for constants");
4106 
4107   _mapping_from.append(NULL);
4108   _mapping_from_opr.append(from_opr);
4109   _mapping_to.append(to_interval);
4110 }
4111 
4112 void MoveResolver::resolve_and_append_moves() {
4113   if (has_mappings()) {
4114     resolve_mappings();
4115   }
4116   append_insertion_buffer();
4117 }
4118 
4119 
4120 
4121 // **** Implementation of Range *************************************
4122 
4123 Range::Range(int from, int to, Range* next) :
4124   _from(from),
4125   _to(to),
4126   _next(next)
4127 {
4128 }
4129 
4130 // initialize sentinel
4131 Range* Range::_end = NULL;
4132 void Range::initialize(Arena* arena) {
4133   _end = new (arena) Range(max_jint, max_jint, NULL);
4134 }
4135 
4136 int Range::intersects_at(Range* r2) const {
4137   const Range* r1 = this;
4138 
4139   assert(r1 != NULL && r2 != NULL, "null ranges not allowed");
4140   assert(r1 != _end && r2 != _end, "empty ranges not allowed");
4141 
4142   do {
4143     if (r1->from() < r2->from()) {
4144       if (r1->to() <= r2->from()) {
4145         r1 = r1->next(); if (r1 == _end) return -1;
4146       } else {
4147         return r2->from();
4148       }
4149     } else if (r2->from() < r1->from()) {
4150       if (r2->to() <= r1->from()) {
4151         r2 = r2->next(); if (r2 == _end) return -1;
4152       } else {
4153         return r1->from();
4154       }
4155     } else { // r1->from() == r2->from()
4156       if (r1->from() == r1->to()) {
4157         r1 = r1->next(); if (r1 == _end) return -1;
4158       } else if (r2->from() == r2->to()) {
4159         r2 = r2->next(); if (r2 == _end) return -1;
4160       } else {
4161         return r1->from();
4162       }
4163     }
4164   } while (true);
4165 }
4166 
4167 #ifndef PRODUCT
4168 void Range::print(outputStream* out) const {
4169   out->print("[%d, %d[ ", _from, _to);
4170 }
4171 #endif
4172 
4173 
4174 
4175 // **** Implementation of Interval **********************************
4176 
4177 // initialize sentinel
4178 Interval* Interval::_end = NULL;
4179 void Interval::initialize(Arena* arena) {
4180   Range::initialize(arena);
4181   _end = new (arena) Interval(-1);
4182 }
4183 
4184 Interval::Interval(int reg_num) :
4185   _reg_num(reg_num),
4186   _type(T_ILLEGAL),
4187   _first(Range::end()),
4188   _use_pos_and_kinds(12),
4189   _current(Range::end()),
4190   _next(_end),
4191   _state(invalidState),
4192   _assigned_reg(LinearScan::any_reg),
4193   _assigned_regHi(LinearScan::any_reg),
4194   _cached_to(-1),
4195   _cached_opr(LIR_OprFact::illegalOpr),
4196   _cached_vm_reg(VMRegImpl::Bad()),
4197   _split_children(NULL),
4198   _canonical_spill_slot(-1),
4199   _insert_move_when_activated(false),
4200   _spill_state(noDefinitionFound),
4201   _spill_definition_pos(-1),
4202   _register_hint(NULL)
4203 {
4204   _split_parent = this;
4205   _current_split_child = this;
4206 }
4207 
4208 int Interval::calc_to() {
4209   assert(_first != Range::end(), "interval has no range");
4210 
4211   Range* r = _first;
4212   while (r->next() != Range::end()) {
4213     r = r->next();
4214   }
4215   return r->to();
4216 }
4217 
4218 
4219 #ifdef ASSERT
4220 // consistency check of split-children
4221 void Interval::check_split_children() {
4222   if (_split_children != NULL && _split_children->length() > 0) {
4223     assert(is_split_parent(), "only split parents can have children");
4224 
4225     for (int i = 0; i < _split_children->length(); i++) {
4226       Interval* i1 = _split_children->at(i);
4227 
4228       assert(i1->split_parent() == this, "not a split child of this interval");
4229       assert(i1->type() == type(), "must be equal for all split children");
4230       assert(i1->canonical_spill_slot() == canonical_spill_slot(), "must be equal for all split children");
4231 
4232       for (int j = i + 1; j < _split_children->length(); j++) {
4233         Interval* i2 = _split_children->at(j);
4234 
4235         assert(i1->reg_num() != i2->reg_num(), "same register number");
4236 
4237         if (i1->from() < i2->from()) {
4238           assert(i1->to() <= i2->from() && i1->to() < i2->to(), "intervals overlapping");
4239         } else {
4240           assert(i2->from() < i1->from(), "intervals start at same op_id");
4241           assert(i2->to() <= i1->from() && i2->to() < i1->to(), "intervals overlapping");
4242         }
4243       }
4244     }
4245   }
4246 }
4247 #endif // ASSERT
4248 
4249 Interval* Interval::register_hint(bool search_split_child) const {
4250   if (!search_split_child) {
4251     return _register_hint;
4252   }
4253 
4254   if (_register_hint != NULL) {
4255     assert(_register_hint->is_split_parent(), "only split parents are valid hint registers");
4256 
4257     if (_register_hint->assigned_reg() >= 0 && _register_hint->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
4258       return _register_hint;
4259 
4260     } else if (_register_hint->_split_children != NULL && _register_hint->_split_children->length() > 0) {
4261       // search the first split child that has a register assigned
4262       int len = _register_hint->_split_children->length();
4263       for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
4264         Interval* cur = _register_hint->_split_children->at(i);
4265 
4266         if (cur->assigned_reg() >= 0 && cur->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
4267           return cur;
4268         }
4269       }
4270     }
4271   }
4272 
4273   // no hint interval found that has a register assigned
4274   return NULL;
4275 }
4276 
4277 
4278 Interval* Interval::split_child_at_op_id(int op_id, LIR_OpVisitState::OprMode mode) {
4279   assert(is_split_parent(), "can only be called for split parents");
4280   assert(op_id >= 0, "invalid op_id (method can not be called for spill moves)");
4281 
4282   Interval* result;
4283   if (_split_children == NULL || _split_children->length() == 0) {
4284     result = this;
4285   } else {
4286     result = NULL;
4287     int len = _split_children->length();
4288 
4289     // in outputMode, the end of the interval (op_id == cur->to()) is not valid
4290     int to_offset = (mode == LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode ? 0 : 1);
4291 
4292     int i;
4293     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
4294       Interval* cur = _split_children->at(i);
4295       if (cur->from() <= op_id && op_id < cur->to() + to_offset) {
4296         if (i > 0) {
4297           // exchange current split child to start of list (faster access for next call)
4298           _split_children->at_put(i, _split_children->at(0));
4299           _split_children->at_put(0, cur);
4300         }
4301 
4302         // interval found
4303         result = cur;
4304         break;
4305       }
4306     }
4307 
4308 #ifdef ASSERT
4309     for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
4310       Interval* tmp = _split_children->at(i);
4311       if (tmp != result && tmp->from() <= op_id && op_id < tmp->to() + to_offset) {
4312         tty->print_cr("two valid result intervals found for op_id %d: %d and %d", op_id, result->reg_num(), tmp->reg_num());
4313         result->print();
4314         tmp->print();
4315         assert(false, "two valid result intervals found");
4316       }
4317     }
4318 #endif
4319   }
4320 
4321   assert(result != NULL, "no matching interval found");
4322   assert(result->covers(op_id, mode), "op_id not covered by interval");
4323 
4324   return result;
4325 }
4326 
4327 
4328 // returns the last split child that ends before the given op_id
4329 Interval* Interval::split_child_before_op_id(int op_id) {
4330   assert(op_id >= 0, "invalid op_id");
4331 
4332   Interval* parent = split_parent();
4333   Interval* result = NULL;
4334 
4335   assert(parent->_split_children != NULL, "no split children available");
4336   int len = parent->_split_children->length();
4337   assert(len > 0, "no split children available");
4338 
4339   for (int i = len - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
4340     Interval* cur = parent->_split_children->at(i);
4341     if (cur->to() <= op_id && (result == NULL || result->to() < cur->to())) {
4342       result = cur;
4343     }
4344   }
4345 
4346   assert(result != NULL, "no split child found");
4347   return result;
4348 }
4349 
4350 
4351 // Note: use positions are sorted descending -> first use has highest index
4352 int Interval::first_usage(IntervalUseKind min_use_kind) const {
4353   assert(LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(this), "cannot access use positions for fixed intervals");
4354 
4355   for (int i = _use_pos_and_kinds.length() - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
4356     if (_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= min_use_kind) {
4357       return _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i);
4358     }
4359   }
4360   return max_jint;
4361 }
4362 
4363 int Interval::next_usage(IntervalUseKind min_use_kind, int from) const {
4364   assert(LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(this), "cannot access use positions for fixed intervals");
4365 
4366   for (int i = _use_pos_and_kinds.length() - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
4367     if (_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i) >= from && _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= min_use_kind) {
4368       return _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i);
4369     }
4370   }
4371   return max_jint;
4372 }
4373 
4374 int Interval::next_usage_exact(IntervalUseKind exact_use_kind, int from) const {
4375   assert(LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(this), "cannot access use positions for fixed intervals");
4376 
4377   for (int i = _use_pos_and_kinds.length() - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
4378     if (_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i) >= from && _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) == exact_use_kind) {
4379       return _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i);
4380     }
4381   }
4382   return max_jint;
4383 }
4384 
4385 int Interval::previous_usage(IntervalUseKind min_use_kind, int from) const {
4386   assert(LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(this), "cannot access use positions for fixed intervals");
4387 
4388   int prev = 0;
4389   for (int i = _use_pos_and_kinds.length() - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
4390     if (_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i) > from) {
4391       return prev;
4392     }
4393     if (_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= min_use_kind) {
4394       prev = _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i);
4395     }
4396   }
4397   return prev;
4398 }
4399 
4400 void Interval::add_use_pos(int pos, IntervalUseKind use_kind) {
4401   assert(covers(pos, LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode), "use position not covered by live range");
4402 
4403   // do not add use positions for precolored intervals because
4404   // they are never used
4405   if (use_kind != noUse && reg_num() >= LIR_Opr::vreg_base) {
4406 #ifdef ASSERT
4407     assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.length() % 2 == 0, "must be");
4408     for (int i = 0; i < _use_pos_and_kinds.length(); i += 2) {
4409       assert(pos <= _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i), "already added a use-position with lower position");
4410       assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= firstValidKind && _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) <= lastValidKind, "invalid use kind");
4411       if (i > 0) {
4412         assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i) < _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i - 2), "not sorted descending");
4413       }
4414     }
4415 #endif
4416 
4417     // Note: add_use is called in descending order, so list gets sorted
4418     //       automatically by just appending new use positions
4419     int len = _use_pos_and_kinds.length();
4420     if (len == 0 || _use_pos_and_kinds.at(len - 2) > pos) {
4421       _use_pos_and_kinds.append(pos);
4422       _use_pos_and_kinds.append(use_kind);
4423     } else if (_use_pos_and_kinds.at(len - 1) < use_kind) {
4424       assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(len - 2) == pos, "list not sorted correctly");
4425       _use_pos_and_kinds.at_put(len - 1, use_kind);
4426     }
4427   }
4428 }
4429 
4430 void Interval::add_range(int from, int to) {
4431   assert(from < to, "invalid range");
4432   assert(first() == Range::end() || to < first()->next()->from(), "not inserting at begin of interval");
4433   assert(from <= first()->to(), "not inserting at begin of interval");
4434 
4435   if (first()->from() <= to) {
4436     // join intersecting ranges
4437     first()->set_from(MIN2(from, first()->from()));
4438     first()->set_to  (MAX2(to,   first()->to()));
4439   } else {
4440     // insert new range
4441     _first = new Range(from, to, first());
4442   }
4443 }
4444 
4445 Interval* Interval::new_split_child() {
4446   // allocate new interval
4447   Interval* result = new Interval(-1);
4448   result->set_type(type());
4449 
4450   Interval* parent = split_parent();
4451   result->_split_parent = parent;
4452   result->set_register_hint(parent);
4453 
4454   // insert new interval in children-list of parent
4455   if (parent->_split_children == NULL) {
4456     assert(is_split_parent(), "list must be initialized at first split");
4457 
4458     parent->_split_children = new IntervalList(4);
4459     parent->_split_children->append(this);
4460   }
4461   parent->_split_children->append(result);
4462 
4463   return result;
4464 }
4465 
4466 // split this interval at the specified position and return
4467 // the remainder as a new interval.
4468 //
4469 // when an interval is split, a bi-directional link is established between the original interval
4470 // (the split parent) and the intervals that are split off this interval (the split children)
4471 // When a split child is split again, the new created interval is also a direct child
4472 // of the original parent (there is no tree of split children stored, but a flat list)
4473 // All split children are spilled to the same stack slot (stored in _canonical_spill_slot)
4474 //
4475 // Note: The new interval has no valid reg_num
4476 Interval* Interval::split(int split_pos) {
4477   assert(LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(this), "cannot split fixed intervals");
4478 
4479   // allocate new interval
4480   Interval* result = new_split_child();
4481 
4482   // split the ranges
4483   Range* prev = NULL;
4484   Range* cur = _first;
4485   while (cur != Range::end() && cur->to() <= split_pos) {
4486     prev = cur;
4487     cur = cur->next();
4488   }
4489   assert(cur != Range::end(), "split interval after end of last range");
4490 
4491   if (cur->from() < split_pos) {
4492     result->_first = new Range(split_pos, cur->to(), cur->next());
4493     cur->set_to(split_pos);
4494     cur->set_next(Range::end());
4495 
4496   } else {
4497     assert(prev != NULL, "split before start of first range");
4498     result->_first = cur;
4499     prev->set_next(Range::end());
4500   }
4501   result->_current = result->_first;
4502   _cached_to = -1; // clear cached value
4503 
4504   // split list of use positions
4505   int total_len = _use_pos_and_kinds.length();
4506   int start_idx = total_len - 2;
4507   while (start_idx >= 0 && _use_pos_and_kinds.at(start_idx) < split_pos) {
4508     start_idx -= 2;
4509   }
4510 
4511   intStack new_use_pos_and_kinds(total_len - start_idx);
4512   int i;
4513   for (i = start_idx + 2; i < total_len; i++) {
4514     new_use_pos_and_kinds.append(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i));
4515   }
4516 
4517   _use_pos_and_kinds.trunc_to(start_idx + 2);
4518   result->_use_pos_and_kinds = _use_pos_and_kinds;
4519   _use_pos_and_kinds = new_use_pos_and_kinds;
4520 
4521 #ifdef ASSERT
4522   assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.length() % 2 == 0, "must have use kind for each use pos");
4523   assert(result->_use_pos_and_kinds.length() % 2 == 0, "must have use kind for each use pos");
4524   assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.length() + result->_use_pos_and_kinds.length() == total_len, "missed some entries");
4525 
4526   for (i = 0; i < _use_pos_and_kinds.length(); i += 2) {
4527     assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i) < split_pos, "must be");
4528     assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= firstValidKind && _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) <= lastValidKind, "invalid use kind");
4529   }
4530   for (i = 0; i < result->_use_pos_and_kinds.length(); i += 2) {
4531     assert(result->_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i) >= split_pos, "must be");
4532     assert(result->_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= firstValidKind && result->_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) <= lastValidKind, "invalid use kind");
4533   }
4534 #endif
4535 
4536   return result;
4537 }
4538 
4539 // split this interval at the specified position and return
4540 // the head as a new interval (the original interval is the tail)
4541 //
4542 // Currently, only the first range can be split, and the new interval
4543 // must not have split positions
4544 Interval* Interval::split_from_start(int split_pos) {
4545   assert(LinearScan::is_virtual_interval(this), "cannot split fixed intervals");
4546   assert(split_pos > from() && split_pos < to(), "can only split inside interval");
4547   assert(split_pos > _first->from() && split_pos <= _first->to(), "can only split inside first range");
4548   assert(first_usage(noUse) > split_pos, "can not split when use positions are present");
4549 
4550   // allocate new interval
4551   Interval* result = new_split_child();
4552 
4553   // the new created interval has only one range (checked by assertion above),
4554   // so the splitting of the ranges is very simple
4555   result->add_range(_first->from(), split_pos);
4556 
4557   if (split_pos == _first->to()) {
4558     assert(_first->next() != Range::end(), "must not be at end");
4559     _first = _first->next();
4560   } else {
4561     _first->set_from(split_pos);
4562   }
4563 
4564   return result;
4565 }
4566 
4567 
4568 // returns true if the op_id is inside the interval
4569 bool Interval::covers(int op_id, LIR_OpVisitState::OprMode mode) const {
4570   Range* cur  = _first;
4571 
4572   while (cur != Range::end() && cur->to() < op_id) {
4573     cur = cur->next();
4574   }
4575   if (cur != Range::end()) {
4576     assert(cur->to() != cur->next()->from(), "ranges not separated");
4577 
4578     if (mode == LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode) {
4579       return cur->from() <= op_id && op_id < cur->to();
4580     } else {
4581       return cur->from() <= op_id && op_id <= cur->to();
4582     }
4583   }
4584   return false;
4585 }
4586 
4587 // returns true if the interval has any hole between hole_from and hole_to
4588 // (even if the hole has only the length 1)
4589 bool Interval::has_hole_between(int hole_from, int hole_to) {
4590   assert(hole_from < hole_to, "check");
4591   assert(from() <= hole_from && hole_to <= to(), "index out of interval");
4592 
4593   Range* cur  = _first;
4594   while (cur != Range::end()) {
4595     assert(cur->to() < cur->next()->from(), "no space between ranges");
4596 
4597     // hole-range starts before this range -> hole
4598     if (hole_from < cur->from()) {
4599       return true;
4600 
4601     // hole-range completely inside this range -> no hole
4602     } else if (hole_to <= cur->to()) {
4603       return false;
4604 
4605     // overlapping of hole-range with this range -> hole
4606     } else if (hole_from <= cur->to()) {
4607       return true;
4608     }
4609 
4610     cur = cur->next();
4611   }
4612 
4613   return false;
4614 }
4615 
4616 // Check if there is an intersection with any of the split children of 'interval'
4617 bool Interval::intersects_any_children_of(Interval* interval) const {
4618   if (interval->_split_children != NULL) {
4619     for (int i = 0; i < interval->_split_children->length(); i++) {
4620       if (intersects(interval->_split_children->at(i))) {
4621         return true;
4622       }
4623     }
4624   }
4625   return false;
4626 }
4627 
4628 
4629 #ifndef PRODUCT
4630 void Interval::print_on(outputStream* out, bool is_cfg_printer) const {
4631   const char* SpillState2Name[] = { "no definition", "no spill store", "one spill store", "store at definition", "start in memory", "no optimization" };
4632   const char* UseKind2Name[] = { "N", "L", "S", "M" };
4633 
4634   const char* type_name;
4635   if (reg_num() < LIR_Opr::vreg_base) {
4636     type_name = "fixed";
4637   } else {
4638     type_name = type2name(type());
4639   }
4640   out->print("%d %s ", reg_num(), type_name);
4641 
4642   if (is_cfg_printer) {
4643     // Special version for compatibility with C1 Visualizer.
4644     LIR_Opr opr = LinearScan::get_operand(reg_num());
4645     if (opr->is_valid()) {
4646       out->print("\"");
4647       opr->print(out);
4648       out->print("\" ");
4649     }
4650   } else {
4651     // Improved output for normal debugging.
4652     if (reg_num() < LIR_Opr::vreg_base) {
4653       LinearScan::print_reg_num(out, assigned_reg());
4654     } else if (assigned_reg() != -1 && (LinearScan::num_physical_regs(type()) == 1 || assigned_regHi() != -1)) {
4655       LinearScan::calc_operand_for_interval(this)->print(out);
4656     } else {
4657       // Virtual register that has no assigned register yet.
4658       out->print("[ANY]");
4659     }
4660     out->print(" ");
4661   }
4662   out->print("%d %d ", split_parent()->reg_num(), (register_hint(false) != NULL ? register_hint(false)->reg_num() : -1));
4663 
4664   // print ranges
4665   Range* cur = _first;
4666   while (cur != Range::end()) {
4667     cur->print(out);
4668     cur = cur->next();
4669     assert(cur != NULL, "range list not closed with range sentinel");
4670   }
4671 
4672   // print use positions
4673   int prev = 0;
4674   assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.length() % 2 == 0, "must be");
4675   for (int i =_use_pos_and_kinds.length() - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2) {
4676     assert(_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) >= firstValidKind && _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1) <= lastValidKind, "invalid use kind");
4677     assert(prev < _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i), "use positions not sorted");
4678 
4679     out->print("%d %s ", _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i), UseKind2Name[_use_pos_and_kinds.at(i + 1)]);
4680     prev = _use_pos_and_kinds.at(i);
4681   }
4682 
4683   out->print(" \"%s\"", SpillState2Name[spill_state()]);
4684   out->cr();
4685 }
4686 
4687 void Interval::print_parent() const {
4688   if (_split_parent != this) {
4689     _split_parent->print_on(tty);
4690   } else {
4691     tty->print_cr("Parent: this");
4692   }
4693 }
4694 
4695 void Interval::print_children() const {
4696   if (_split_children == NULL) {
4697     tty->print_cr("Children: []");
4698   } else {
4699     tty->print_cr("Children:");
4700     for (int i = 0; i < _split_children->length(); i++) {
4701       tty->print("%d: ", i);
4702       _split_children->at(i)->print_on(tty);
4703     }
4704   }
4705 }
4706 #endif // NOT PRODUCT
4707 
4708 
4709 
4710 
4711 // **** Implementation of IntervalWalker ****************************
4712 
4713 IntervalWalker::IntervalWalker(LinearScan* allocator, Interval* unhandled_fixed_first, Interval* unhandled_any_first)
4714  : _compilation(allocator->compilation())
4715  , _allocator(allocator)
4716 {
4717   _unhandled_first[fixedKind] = unhandled_fixed_first;
4718   _unhandled_first[anyKind]   = unhandled_any_first;
4719   _active_first[fixedKind]    = Interval::end();
4720   _inactive_first[fixedKind]  = Interval::end();
4721   _active_first[anyKind]      = Interval::end();
4722   _inactive_first[anyKind]    = Interval::end();
4723   _current_position = -1;
4724   _current = NULL;
4725   next_interval();
4726 }
4727 
4728 
4729 // append interval in order of current range from()
4730 void IntervalWalker::append_sorted(Interval** list, Interval* interval) {
4731   Interval* prev = NULL;
4732   Interval* cur  = *list;
4733   while (cur->current_from() < interval->current_from()) {
4734     prev = cur; cur = cur->next();
4735   }
4736   if (prev == NULL) {
4737     *list = interval;
4738   } else {
4739     prev->set_next(interval);
4740   }
4741   interval->set_next(cur);
4742 }
4743 
4744 void IntervalWalker::append_to_unhandled(Interval** list, Interval* interval) {
4745   assert(interval->from() >= current()->current_from(), "cannot append new interval before current walk position");
4746 
4747   Interval* prev = NULL;
4748   Interval* cur  = *list;
4749   while (cur->from() < interval->from() || (cur->from() == interval->from() && cur->first_usage(noUse) < interval->first_usage(noUse))) {
4750     prev = cur; cur = cur->next();
4751   }
4752   if (prev == NULL) {
4753     *list = interval;
4754   } else {
4755     prev->set_next(interval);
4756   }
4757   interval->set_next(cur);
4758 }
4759 
4760 
4761 inline bool IntervalWalker::remove_from_list(Interval** list, Interval* i) {
4762   while (*list != Interval::end() && *list != i) {
4763     list = (*list)->next_addr();
4764   }
4765   if (*list != Interval::end()) {
4766     assert(*list == i, "check");
4767     *list = (*list)->next();
4768     return true;
4769   } else {
4770     return false;
4771   }
4772 }
4773 
4774 void IntervalWalker::remove_from_list(Interval* i) {
4775   bool deleted;
4776 
4777   if (i->state() == activeState) {
4778     deleted = remove_from_list(active_first_addr(anyKind), i);
4779   } else {
4780     assert(i->state() == inactiveState, "invalid state");
4781     deleted = remove_from_list(inactive_first_addr(anyKind), i);
4782   }
4783 
4784   assert(deleted, "interval has not been found in list");
4785 }
4786 
4787 
4788 void IntervalWalker::walk_to(IntervalState state, int from) {
4789   assert (state == activeState || state == inactiveState, "wrong state");
4790   for_each_interval_kind(kind) {
4791     Interval** prev = state == activeState ? active_first_addr(kind) : inactive_first_addr(kind);
4792     Interval* next   = *prev;
4793     while (next->current_from() <= from) {
4794       Interval* cur = next;
4795       next = cur->next();
4796 
4797       bool range_has_changed = false;
4798       while (cur->current_to() <= from) {
4799         cur->next_range();
4800         range_has_changed = true;
4801       }
4802 
4803       // also handle move from inactive list to active list
4804       range_has_changed = range_has_changed || (state == inactiveState && cur->current_from() <= from);
4805 
4806       if (range_has_changed) {
4807         // remove cur from list
4808         *prev = next;
4809         if (cur->current_at_end()) {
4810           // move to handled state (not maintained as a list)
4811           cur->set_state(handledState);
4812           DEBUG_ONLY(interval_moved(cur, kind, state, handledState);)
4813         } else if (cur->current_from() <= from){
4814           // sort into active list
4815           append_sorted(active_first_addr(kind), cur);
4816           cur->set_state(activeState);
4817           if (*prev == cur) {
4818             assert(state == activeState, "check");
4819             prev = cur->next_addr();
4820           }
4821           DEBUG_ONLY(interval_moved(cur, kind, state, activeState);)
4822         } else {
4823           // sort into inactive list
4824           append_sorted(inactive_first_addr(kind), cur);
4825           cur->set_state(inactiveState);
4826           if (*prev == cur) {
4827             assert(state == inactiveState, "check");
4828             prev = cur->next_addr();
4829           }
4830           DEBUG_ONLY(interval_moved(cur, kind, state, inactiveState);)
4831         }
4832       } else {
4833         prev = cur->next_addr();
4834         continue;
4835       }
4836     }
4837   }
4838 }
4839 
4840 
4841 void IntervalWalker::next_interval() {
4842   IntervalKind kind;
4843   Interval* any   = _unhandled_first[anyKind];
4844   Interval* fixed = _unhandled_first[fixedKind];
4845 
4846   if (any != Interval::end()) {
4847     // intervals may start at same position -> prefer fixed interval
4848     kind = fixed != Interval::end() && fixed->from() <= any->from() ? fixedKind : anyKind;
4849 
4850     assert (kind == fixedKind && fixed->from() <= any->from() ||
4851             kind == anyKind   && any->from() <= fixed->from(), "wrong interval!!!");
4852     assert(any == Interval::end() || fixed == Interval::end() || any->from() != fixed->from() || kind == fixedKind, "if fixed and any-Interval start at same position, fixed must be processed first");
4853 
4854   } else if (fixed != Interval::end()) {
4855     kind = fixedKind;
4856   } else {
4857     _current = NULL; return;
4858   }
4859   _current_kind = kind;
4860   _current = _unhandled_first[kind];
4861   _unhandled_first[kind] = _current->next();
4862   _current->set_next(Interval::end());
4863   _current->rewind_range();
4864 }
4865 
4866 
4867 void IntervalWalker::walk_to(int lir_op_id) {
4868   assert(_current_position <= lir_op_id, "can not walk backwards");
4869   while (current() != NULL) {
4870     bool is_active = current()->from() <= lir_op_id;
4871     int id = is_active ? current()->from() : lir_op_id;
4872 
4873     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, if (_current_position < id) { tty->cr(); tty->print_cr("walk_to(%d) **************************************************************", id); })
4874 
4875     // set _current_position prior to call of walk_to
4876     _current_position = id;
4877 
4878     // call walk_to even if _current_position == id
4879     walk_to(activeState, id);
4880     walk_to(inactiveState, id);
4881 
4882     if (is_active) {
4883       current()->set_state(activeState);
4884       if (activate_current()) {
4885         append_sorted(active_first_addr(current_kind()), current());
4886         DEBUG_ONLY(interval_moved(current(), current_kind(), unhandledState, activeState);)
4887       }
4888 
4889       next_interval();
4890     } else {
4891       return;
4892     }
4893   }
4894 }
4895 
4896 #ifdef ASSERT
4897 void IntervalWalker::interval_moved(Interval* interval, IntervalKind kind, IntervalState from, IntervalState to) {
4898   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
4899     #define print_state(state) \
4900     switch(state) {\
4901       case unhandledState: tty->print("unhandled"); break;\
4902       case activeState: tty->print("active"); break;\
4903       case inactiveState: tty->print("inactive"); break;\
4904       case handledState: tty->print("handled"); break;\
4905       default: ShouldNotReachHere(); \
4906     }
4907 
4908     print_state(from); tty->print(" to "); print_state(to);
4909     tty->fill_to(23);
4910     interval->print();
4911 
4912     #undef print_state
4913   }
4914 }
4915 #endif // ASSERT
4916 
4917 // **** Implementation of LinearScanWalker **************************
4918 
4919 LinearScanWalker::LinearScanWalker(LinearScan* allocator, Interval* unhandled_fixed_first, Interval* unhandled_any_first)
4920   : IntervalWalker(allocator, unhandled_fixed_first, unhandled_any_first)
4921   , _move_resolver(allocator)
4922 {
4923   for (int i = 0; i < LinearScan::nof_regs; i++) {
4924     _spill_intervals[i] = new IntervalList(2);
4925   }
4926 }
4927 
4928 
4929 inline void LinearScanWalker::init_use_lists(bool only_process_use_pos) {
4930   for (int i = _first_reg; i <= _last_reg; i++) {
4931     _use_pos[i] = max_jint;
4932 
4933     if (!only_process_use_pos) {
4934       _block_pos[i] = max_jint;
4935       _spill_intervals[i]->clear();
4936     }
4937   }
4938 }
4939 
4940 inline void LinearScanWalker::exclude_from_use(int reg) {
4941   assert(reg < LinearScan::nof_regs, "interval must have a register assigned (stack slots not allowed)");
4942   if (reg >= _first_reg && reg <= _last_reg) {
4943     _use_pos[reg] = 0;
4944   }
4945 }
4946 inline void LinearScanWalker::exclude_from_use(Interval* i) {
4947   assert(i->assigned_reg() != any_reg, "interval has no register assigned");
4948 
4949   exclude_from_use(i->assigned_reg());
4950   exclude_from_use(i->assigned_regHi());
4951 }
4952 
4953 inline void LinearScanWalker::set_use_pos(int reg, Interval* i, int use_pos, bool only_process_use_pos) {
4954   assert(use_pos != 0, "must use exclude_from_use to set use_pos to 0");
4955 
4956   if (reg >= _first_reg && reg <= _last_reg) {
4957     if (_use_pos[reg] > use_pos) {
4958       _use_pos[reg] = use_pos;
4959     }
4960     if (!only_process_use_pos) {
4961       _spill_intervals[reg]->append(i);
4962     }
4963   }
4964 }
4965 inline void LinearScanWalker::set_use_pos(Interval* i, int use_pos, bool only_process_use_pos) {
4966   assert(i->assigned_reg() != any_reg, "interval has no register assigned");
4967   if (use_pos != -1) {
4968     set_use_pos(i->assigned_reg(), i, use_pos, only_process_use_pos);
4969     set_use_pos(i->assigned_regHi(), i, use_pos, only_process_use_pos);
4970   }
4971 }
4972 
4973 inline void LinearScanWalker::set_block_pos(int reg, Interval* i, int block_pos) {
4974   if (reg >= _first_reg && reg <= _last_reg) {
4975     if (_block_pos[reg] > block_pos) {
4976       _block_pos[reg] = block_pos;
4977     }
4978     if (_use_pos[reg] > block_pos) {
4979       _use_pos[reg] = block_pos;
4980     }
4981   }
4982 }
4983 inline void LinearScanWalker::set_block_pos(Interval* i, int block_pos) {
4984   assert(i->assigned_reg() != any_reg, "interval has no register assigned");
4985   if (block_pos != -1) {
4986     set_block_pos(i->assigned_reg(), i, block_pos);
4987     set_block_pos(i->assigned_regHi(), i, block_pos);
4988   }
4989 }
4990 
4991 
4992 void LinearScanWalker::free_exclude_active_fixed() {
4993   Interval* list = active_first(fixedKind);
4994   while (list != Interval::end()) {
4995     assert(list->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs, "active interval must have a register assigned");
4996     exclude_from_use(list);
4997     list = list->next();
4998   }
4999 }
5000 
5001 void LinearScanWalker::free_exclude_active_any() {
5002   Interval* list = active_first(anyKind);
5003   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5004     exclude_from_use(list);
5005     list = list->next();
5006   }
5007 }
5008 
5009 void LinearScanWalker::free_collect_inactive_fixed(Interval* cur) {
5010   Interval* list = inactive_first(fixedKind);
5011   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5012     if (cur->to() <= list->current_from()) {
5013       assert(list->current_intersects_at(cur) == -1, "must not intersect");
5014       set_use_pos(list, list->current_from(), true);
5015     } else {
5016       set_use_pos(list, list->current_intersects_at(cur), true);
5017     }
5018     list = list->next();
5019   }
5020 }
5021 
5022 void LinearScanWalker::free_collect_inactive_any(Interval* cur) {
5023   Interval* list = inactive_first(anyKind);
5024   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5025     set_use_pos(list, list->current_intersects_at(cur), true);
5026     list = list->next();
5027   }
5028 }
5029 
5030 void LinearScanWalker::spill_exclude_active_fixed() {
5031   Interval* list = active_first(fixedKind);
5032   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5033     exclude_from_use(list);
5034     list = list->next();
5035   }
5036 }
5037 
5038 void LinearScanWalker::spill_block_inactive_fixed(Interval* cur) {
5039   Interval* list = inactive_first(fixedKind);
5040   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5041     if (cur->to() > list->current_from()) {
5042       set_block_pos(list, list->current_intersects_at(cur));
5043     } else {
5044       assert(list->current_intersects_at(cur) == -1, "invalid optimization: intervals intersect");
5045     }
5046 
5047     list = list->next();
5048   }
5049 }
5050 
5051 void LinearScanWalker::spill_collect_active_any() {
5052   Interval* list = active_first(anyKind);
5053   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5054     set_use_pos(list, MIN2(list->next_usage(loopEndMarker, _current_position), list->to()), false);
5055     list = list->next();
5056   }
5057 }
5058 
5059 void LinearScanWalker::spill_collect_inactive_any(Interval* cur) {
5060   Interval* list = inactive_first(anyKind);
5061   while (list != Interval::end()) {
5062     if (list->current_intersects(cur)) {
5063       set_use_pos(list, MIN2(list->next_usage(loopEndMarker, _current_position), list->to()), false);
5064     }
5065     list = list->next();
5066   }
5067 }
5068 
5069 
5070 void LinearScanWalker::insert_move(int op_id, Interval* src_it, Interval* dst_it) {
5071   // output all moves here. When source and target are equal, the move is
5072   // optimized away later in assign_reg_nums
5073 
5074   op_id = (op_id + 1) & ~1;
5075   BlockBegin* op_block = allocator()->block_of_op_with_id(op_id);
5076   assert(op_id > 0 && allocator()->block_of_op_with_id(op_id - 2) == op_block, "cannot insert move at block boundary");
5077 
5078   // calculate index of instruction inside instruction list of current block
5079   // the minimal index (for a block with no spill moves) can be calculated because the
5080   // numbering of instructions is known.
5081   // When the block already contains spill moves, the index must be increased until the
5082   // correct index is reached.
5083   LIR_OpList* list = op_block->lir()->instructions_list();
5084   int index = (op_id - list->at(0)->id()) / 2;
5085   assert(list->at(index)->id() <= op_id, "error in calculation");
5086 
5087   while (list->at(index)->id() != op_id) {
5088     index++;
5089     assert(0 <= index && index < list->length(), "index out of bounds");
5090   }
5091   assert(1 <= index && index < list->length(), "index out of bounds");
5092   assert(list->at(index)->id() == op_id, "error in calculation");
5093 
5094   // insert new instruction before instruction at position index
5095   _move_resolver.move_insert_position(op_block->lir(), index - 1);
5096   _move_resolver.add_mapping(src_it, dst_it);
5097 }
5098 
5099 
5100 int LinearScanWalker::find_optimal_split_pos(BlockBegin* min_block, BlockBegin* max_block, int max_split_pos) {
5101   int from_block_nr = min_block->linear_scan_number();
5102   int to_block_nr = max_block->linear_scan_number();
5103 
5104   assert(0 <= from_block_nr && from_block_nr < block_count(), "out of range");
5105   assert(0 <= to_block_nr && to_block_nr < block_count(), "out of range");
5106   assert(from_block_nr < to_block_nr, "must cross block boundary");
5107 
5108   // Try to split at end of max_block. If this would be after
5109   // max_split_pos, then use the begin of max_block
5110   int optimal_split_pos = max_block->last_lir_instruction_id() + 2;
5111   if (optimal_split_pos > max_split_pos) {
5112     optimal_split_pos = max_block->first_lir_instruction_id();
5113   }
5114 
5115   int min_loop_depth = max_block->loop_depth();
5116   for (int i = to_block_nr - 1; i >= from_block_nr; i--) {
5117     BlockBegin* cur = block_at(i);
5118 
5119     if (cur->loop_depth() < min_loop_depth) {
5120       // block with lower loop-depth found -> split at the end of this block
5121       min_loop_depth = cur->loop_depth();
5122       optimal_split_pos = cur->last_lir_instruction_id() + 2;
5123     }
5124   }
5125   assert(optimal_split_pos > allocator()->max_lir_op_id() || allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos), "algorithm must move split pos to block boundary");
5126 
5127   return optimal_split_pos;
5128 }
5129 
5130 
5131 int LinearScanWalker::find_optimal_split_pos(Interval* it, int min_split_pos, int max_split_pos, bool do_loop_optimization) {
5132   int optimal_split_pos = -1;
5133   if (min_split_pos == max_split_pos) {
5134     // trivial case, no optimization of split position possible
5135     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      min-pos and max-pos are equal, no optimization possible"));
5136     optimal_split_pos = min_split_pos;
5137 
5138   } else {
5139     assert(min_split_pos < max_split_pos, "must be true then");
5140     assert(min_split_pos > 0, "cannot access min_split_pos - 1 otherwise");
5141 
5142     // reason for using min_split_pos - 1: when the minimal split pos is exactly at the
5143     // beginning of a block, then min_split_pos is also a possible split position.
5144     // Use the block before as min_block, because then min_block->last_lir_instruction_id() + 2 == min_split_pos
5145     BlockBegin* min_block = allocator()->block_of_op_with_id(min_split_pos - 1);
5146 
5147     // reason for using max_split_pos - 1: otherwise there would be an assertion failure
5148     // when an interval ends at the end of the last block of the method
5149     // (in this case, max_split_pos == allocator()->max_lir_op_id() + 2, and there is no
5150     // block at this op_id)
5151     BlockBegin* max_block = allocator()->block_of_op_with_id(max_split_pos - 1);
5152 
5153     assert(min_block->linear_scan_number() <= max_block->linear_scan_number(), "invalid order");
5154     if (min_block == max_block) {
5155       // split position cannot be moved to block boundary, so split as late as possible
5156       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      cannot move split pos to block boundary because min_pos and max_pos are in same block"));
5157       optimal_split_pos = max_split_pos;
5158 
5159     } else if (it->has_hole_between(max_split_pos - 1, max_split_pos) && !allocator()->is_block_begin(max_split_pos)) {
5160       // Do not move split position if the interval has a hole before max_split_pos.
5161       // Intervals resulting from Phi-Functions have more than one definition (marked
5162       // as mustHaveRegister) with a hole before each definition. When the register is needed
5163       // for the second definition, an earlier reloading is unnecessary.
5164       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      interval has hole just before max_split_pos, so splitting at max_split_pos"));
5165       optimal_split_pos = max_split_pos;
5166 
5167     } else {
5168       // search optimal block boundary between min_split_pos and max_split_pos
5169       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      moving split pos to optimal block boundary between block B%d and B%d", min_block->block_id(), max_block->block_id()));
5170 
5171       if (do_loop_optimization) {
5172         // Loop optimization: if a loop-end marker is found between min- and max-position,
5173         // then split before this loop
5174         int loop_end_pos = it->next_usage_exact(loopEndMarker, min_block->last_lir_instruction_id() + 2);
5175         TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      loop optimization: loop end found at pos %d", loop_end_pos));
5176 
5177         assert(loop_end_pos > min_split_pos, "invalid order");
5178         if (loop_end_pos < max_split_pos) {
5179           // loop-end marker found between min- and max-position
5180           // if it is not the end marker for the same loop as the min-position, then move
5181           // the max-position to this loop block.
5182           // Desired result: uses tagged as shouldHaveRegister inside a loop cause a reloading
5183           // of the interval (normally, only mustHaveRegister causes a reloading)
5184           BlockBegin* loop_block = allocator()->block_of_op_with_id(loop_end_pos);
5185 
5186           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      interval is used in loop that ends in block B%d, so trying to move max_block back from B%d to B%d", loop_block->block_id(), max_block->block_id(), loop_block->block_id()));
5187           assert(loop_block != min_block, "loop_block and min_block must be different because block boundary is needed between");
5188 
5189           optimal_split_pos = find_optimal_split_pos(min_block, loop_block, loop_block->last_lir_instruction_id() + 2);
5190           if (optimal_split_pos == loop_block->last_lir_instruction_id() + 2) {
5191             optimal_split_pos = -1;
5192             TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      loop optimization not necessary"));
5193           } else {
5194             TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      loop optimization successful"));
5195           }
5196         }
5197       }
5198 
5199       if (optimal_split_pos == -1) {
5200         // not calculated by loop optimization
5201         optimal_split_pos = find_optimal_split_pos(min_block, max_block, max_split_pos);
5202       }
5203     }
5204   }
5205   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      optimal split position: %d", optimal_split_pos));
5206 
5207   return optimal_split_pos;
5208 }
5209 
5210 
5211 /*
5212   split an interval at the optimal position between min_split_pos and
5213   max_split_pos in two parts:
5214   1) the left part has already a location assigned
5215   2) the right part is sorted into to the unhandled-list
5216 */
5217 void LinearScanWalker::split_before_usage(Interval* it, int min_split_pos, int max_split_pos) {
5218   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("----- splitting interval: "); it->print());
5219   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("      between %d and %d", min_split_pos, max_split_pos));
5220 
5221   assert(it->from() < min_split_pos,         "cannot split at start of interval");
5222   assert(current_position() < min_split_pos, "cannot split before current position");
5223   assert(min_split_pos <= max_split_pos,     "invalid order");
5224   assert(max_split_pos <= it->to(),          "cannot split after end of interval");
5225 
5226   int optimal_split_pos = find_optimal_split_pos(it, min_split_pos, max_split_pos, true);
5227 
5228   assert(min_split_pos <= optimal_split_pos && optimal_split_pos <= max_split_pos, "out of range");
5229   assert(optimal_split_pos <= it->to(),  "cannot split after end of interval");
5230   assert(optimal_split_pos > it->from(), "cannot split at start of interval");
5231 
5232   if (optimal_split_pos == it->to() && it->next_usage(mustHaveRegister, min_split_pos) == max_jint) {
5233     // the split position would be just before the end of the interval
5234     // -> no split at all necessary
5235     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      no split necessary because optimal split position is at end of interval"));
5236     return;
5237   }
5238 
5239   // must calculate this before the actual split is performed and before split position is moved to odd op_id
5240   bool move_necessary = !allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos) && !it->has_hole_between(optimal_split_pos - 1, optimal_split_pos);
5241 
5242   if (!allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos)) {
5243     // move position before actual instruction (odd op_id)
5244     optimal_split_pos = (optimal_split_pos - 1) | 1;
5245   }
5246 
5247   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      splitting at position %d", optimal_split_pos));
5248   assert(allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos) || (optimal_split_pos % 2 == 1), "split pos must be odd when not on block boundary");
5249   assert(!allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos) || (optimal_split_pos % 2 == 0), "split pos must be even on block boundary");
5250 
5251   Interval* split_part = it->split(optimal_split_pos);
5252 
5253   allocator()->append_interval(split_part);
5254   allocator()->copy_register_flags(it, split_part);
5255   split_part->set_insert_move_when_activated(move_necessary);
5256   append_to_unhandled(unhandled_first_addr(anyKind), split_part);
5257 
5258   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("      split interval in two parts (insert_move_when_activated: %d)", move_necessary));
5259   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("      "); it->print());
5260   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("      "); split_part->print());
5261 }
5262 
5263 /*
5264   split an interval at the optimal position between min_split_pos and
5265   max_split_pos in two parts:
5266   1) the left part has already a location assigned
5267   2) the right part is always on the stack and therefore ignored in further processing
5268 */
5269 void LinearScanWalker::split_for_spilling(Interval* it) {
5270   // calculate allowed range of splitting position
5271   int max_split_pos = current_position();
5272   int min_split_pos = MAX2(it->previous_usage(shouldHaveRegister, max_split_pos) + 1, it->from());
5273 
5274   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("----- splitting and spilling interval: "); it->print());
5275   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("      between %d and %d", min_split_pos, max_split_pos));
5276 
5277   assert(it->state() == activeState,     "why spill interval that is not active?");
5278   assert(it->from() <= min_split_pos,    "cannot split before start of interval");
5279   assert(min_split_pos <= max_split_pos, "invalid order");
5280   assert(max_split_pos < it->to(),       "cannot split at end end of interval");
5281   assert(current_position() < it->to(),  "interval must not end before current position");
5282 
5283   if (min_split_pos == it->from()) {
5284     // the whole interval is never used, so spill it entirely to memory
5285     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("      spilling entire interval because split pos is at beginning of interval"));
5286     assert(it->first_usage(shouldHaveRegister) > current_position(), "interval must not have use position before current_position");
5287 
5288     allocator()->assign_spill_slot(it);
5289     allocator()->change_spill_state(it, min_split_pos);
5290 
5291     // Also kick parent intervals out of register to memory when they have no use
5292     // position. This avoids short interval in register surrounded by intervals in
5293     // memory -> avoid useless moves from memory to register and back
5294     Interval* parent = it;
5295     while (parent != NULL && parent->is_split_child()) {
5296       parent = parent->split_child_before_op_id(parent->from());
5297 
5298       if (parent->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
5299         if (parent->first_usage(shouldHaveRegister) == max_jint) {
5300           // parent is never used, so kick it out of its assigned register
5301           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      kicking out interval %d out of its register because it is never used", parent->reg_num()));
5302           allocator()->assign_spill_slot(parent);
5303         } else {
5304           // do not go further back because the register is actually used by the interval
5305           parent = NULL;
5306         }
5307       }
5308     }
5309 
5310   } else {
5311     // search optimal split pos, split interval and spill only the right hand part
5312     int optimal_split_pos = find_optimal_split_pos(it, min_split_pos, max_split_pos, false);
5313 
5314     assert(min_split_pos <= optimal_split_pos && optimal_split_pos <= max_split_pos, "out of range");
5315     assert(optimal_split_pos < it->to(), "cannot split at end of interval");
5316     assert(optimal_split_pos >= it->from(), "cannot split before start of interval");
5317 
5318     if (!allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos)) {
5319       // move position before actual instruction (odd op_id)
5320       optimal_split_pos = (optimal_split_pos - 1) | 1;
5321     }
5322 
5323     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      splitting at position %d", optimal_split_pos));
5324     assert(allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos)  || (optimal_split_pos % 2 == 1), "split pos must be odd when not on block boundary");
5325     assert(!allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos) || (optimal_split_pos % 2 == 0), "split pos must be even on block boundary");
5326 
5327     Interval* spilled_part = it->split(optimal_split_pos);
5328     allocator()->append_interval(spilled_part);
5329     allocator()->assign_spill_slot(spilled_part);
5330     allocator()->change_spill_state(spilled_part, optimal_split_pos);
5331 
5332     if (!allocator()->is_block_begin(optimal_split_pos)) {
5333       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      inserting move from interval %d to %d", it->reg_num(), spilled_part->reg_num()));
5334       insert_move(optimal_split_pos, it, spilled_part);
5335     }
5336 
5337     // the current_split_child is needed later when moves are inserted for reloading
5338     assert(spilled_part->current_split_child() == it, "overwriting wrong current_split_child");
5339     spilled_part->make_current_split_child();
5340 
5341     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print_cr("      split interval in two parts"));
5342     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("      "); it->print());
5343     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("      "); spilled_part->print());
5344   }
5345 }
5346 
5347 
5348 void LinearScanWalker::split_stack_interval(Interval* it) {
5349   int min_split_pos = current_position() + 1;
5350   int max_split_pos = MIN2(it->first_usage(shouldHaveRegister), it->to());
5351 
5352   split_before_usage(it, min_split_pos, max_split_pos);
5353 }
5354 
5355 void LinearScanWalker::split_when_partial_register_available(Interval* it, int register_available_until) {
5356   int min_split_pos = MAX2(it->previous_usage(shouldHaveRegister, register_available_until), it->from() + 1);
5357   int max_split_pos = register_available_until;
5358 
5359   split_before_usage(it, min_split_pos, max_split_pos);
5360 }
5361 
5362 void LinearScanWalker::split_and_spill_interval(Interval* it) {
5363   assert(it->state() == activeState || it->state() == inactiveState, "other states not allowed");
5364 
5365   int current_pos = current_position();
5366   if (it->state() == inactiveState) {
5367     // the interval is currently inactive, so no spill slot is needed for now.
5368     // when the split part is activated, the interval has a new chance to get a register,
5369     // so in the best case no stack slot is necessary
5370     assert(it->has_hole_between(current_pos - 1, current_pos + 1), "interval can not be inactive otherwise");
5371     split_before_usage(it, current_pos + 1, current_pos + 1);
5372 
5373   } else {
5374     // search the position where the interval must have a register and split
5375     // at the optimal position before.
5376     // The new created part is added to the unhandled list and will get a register
5377     // when it is activated
5378     int min_split_pos = current_pos + 1;
5379     int max_split_pos = MIN2(it->next_usage(mustHaveRegister, min_split_pos), it->to());
5380 
5381     split_before_usage(it, min_split_pos, max_split_pos);
5382 
5383     assert(it->next_usage(mustHaveRegister, current_pos) == max_jint, "the remaining part is spilled to stack and therefore has no register");
5384     split_for_spilling(it);
5385   }
5386 }
5387 
5388 int LinearScanWalker::find_free_reg(int reg_needed_until, int interval_to, int hint_reg, int ignore_reg, bool* need_split) {
5389   int min_full_reg = any_reg;
5390   int max_partial_reg = any_reg;
5391 
5392   for (int i = _first_reg; i <= _last_reg; i++) {
5393     if (i == ignore_reg) {
5394       // this register must be ignored
5395 
5396     } else if (_use_pos[i] >= interval_to) {
5397       // this register is free for the full interval
5398       if (min_full_reg == any_reg || i == hint_reg || (_use_pos[i] < _use_pos[min_full_reg] && min_full_reg != hint_reg)) {
5399         min_full_reg = i;
5400       }
5401     } else if (_use_pos[i] > reg_needed_until) {
5402       // this register is at least free until reg_needed_until
5403       if (max_partial_reg == any_reg || i == hint_reg || (_use_pos[i] > _use_pos[max_partial_reg] && max_partial_reg != hint_reg)) {
5404         max_partial_reg = i;
5405       }
5406     }
5407   }
5408 
5409   if (min_full_reg != any_reg) {
5410     return min_full_reg;
5411   } else if (max_partial_reg != any_reg) {
5412     *need_split = true;
5413     return max_partial_reg;
5414   } else {
5415     return any_reg;
5416   }
5417 }
5418 
5419 int LinearScanWalker::find_free_double_reg(int reg_needed_until, int interval_to, int hint_reg, bool* need_split) {
5420   assert((_last_reg - _first_reg + 1) % 2 == 0, "adjust algorithm");
5421 
5422   int min_full_reg = any_reg;
5423   int max_partial_reg = any_reg;
5424 
5425   for (int i = _first_reg; i < _last_reg; i+=2) {
5426     if (_use_pos[i] >= interval_to && _use_pos[i + 1] >= interval_to) {
5427       // this register is free for the full interval
5428       if (min_full_reg == any_reg || i == hint_reg || (_use_pos[i] < _use_pos[min_full_reg] && min_full_reg != hint_reg)) {
5429         min_full_reg = i;
5430       }
5431     } else if (_use_pos[i] > reg_needed_until && _use_pos[i + 1] > reg_needed_until) {
5432       // this register is at least free until reg_needed_until
5433       if (max_partial_reg == any_reg || i == hint_reg || (_use_pos[i] > _use_pos[max_partial_reg] && max_partial_reg != hint_reg)) {
5434         max_partial_reg = i;
5435       }
5436     }
5437   }
5438 
5439   if (min_full_reg != any_reg) {
5440     return min_full_reg;
5441   } else if (max_partial_reg != any_reg) {
5442     *need_split = true;
5443     return max_partial_reg;
5444   } else {
5445     return any_reg;
5446   }
5447 }
5448 
5449 bool LinearScanWalker::alloc_free_reg(Interval* cur) {
5450   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print("trying to find free register for "); cur->print());
5451 
5452   init_use_lists(true);
5453   free_exclude_active_fixed();
5454   free_exclude_active_any();
5455   free_collect_inactive_fixed(cur);
5456   free_collect_inactive_any(cur);
5457   assert(unhandled_first(fixedKind) == Interval::end(), "must not have unhandled fixed intervals because all fixed intervals have a use at position 0");
5458 
5459   // _use_pos contains the start of the next interval that has this register assigned
5460   // (either as a fixed register or a normal allocated register in the past)
5461   // only intervals overlapping with cur are processed, non-overlapping invervals can be ignored safely
5462 #ifdef ASSERT
5463   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
5464     tty->print_cr("      state of registers:");
5465     for (int i = _first_reg; i <= _last_reg; i++) {
5466       tty->print("      reg %d (", i);
5467       LinearScan::print_reg_num(i);
5468       tty->print_cr("): use_pos: %d", _use_pos[i]);
5469     }
5470   }
5471 #endif
5472 
5473   int hint_reg, hint_regHi;
5474   Interval* register_hint = cur->register_hint();
5475   if (register_hint != NULL) {
5476     hint_reg = register_hint->assigned_reg();
5477     hint_regHi = register_hint->assigned_regHi();
5478 
5479     if (_num_phys_regs == 2 && allocator()->is_precolored_cpu_interval(register_hint)) {
5480       assert(hint_reg != any_reg && hint_regHi == any_reg, "must be for fixed intervals");
5481       hint_regHi = hint_reg + 1;  // connect e.g. eax-edx
5482     }
5483 #ifdef ASSERT
5484     if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
5485       tty->print("      hint registers %d (", hint_reg);
5486       LinearScan::print_reg_num(hint_reg);
5487       tty->print("), %d (", hint_regHi);
5488       LinearScan::print_reg_num(hint_regHi);
5489       tty->print(") from interval ");
5490       register_hint->print();
5491     }
5492 #endif
5493   } else {
5494     hint_reg = any_reg;
5495     hint_regHi = any_reg;
5496   }
5497   assert(hint_reg == any_reg || hint_reg != hint_regHi, "hint reg and regHi equal");
5498   assert(cur->assigned_reg() == any_reg && cur->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "register already assigned to interval");
5499 
5500   // the register must be free at least until this position
5501   int reg_needed_until = cur->from() + 1;
5502   int interval_to = cur->to();
5503 
5504   bool need_split = false;
5505   int split_pos;
5506   int reg;
5507   int regHi = any_reg;
5508 
5509   if (_adjacent_regs) {
5510     reg = find_free_double_reg(reg_needed_until, interval_to, hint_reg, &need_split);
5511     regHi = reg + 1;
5512     if (reg == any_reg) {
5513       return false;
5514     }
5515     split_pos = MIN2(_use_pos[reg], _use_pos[regHi]);
5516 
5517   } else {
5518     reg = find_free_reg(reg_needed_until, interval_to, hint_reg, any_reg, &need_split);
5519     if (reg == any_reg) {
5520       return false;
5521     }
5522     split_pos = _use_pos[reg];
5523 
5524     if (_num_phys_regs == 2) {
5525       regHi = find_free_reg(reg_needed_until, interval_to, hint_regHi, reg, &need_split);
5526 
5527       if (_use_pos[reg] < interval_to && regHi == any_reg) {
5528         // do not split interval if only one register can be assigned until the split pos
5529         // (when one register is found for the whole interval, split&spill is only
5530         // performed for the hi register)
5531         return false;
5532 
5533       } else if (regHi != any_reg) {
5534         split_pos = MIN2(split_pos, _use_pos[regHi]);
5535 
5536         // sort register numbers to prevent e.g. a move from eax,ebx to ebx,eax
5537         if (reg > regHi) {
5538           int temp = reg;
5539           reg = regHi;
5540           regHi = temp;
5541         }
5542       }
5543     }
5544   }
5545 
5546   cur->assign_reg(reg, regHi);
5547 #ifdef ASSERT
5548   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 2) {
5549     tty->print("      selected registers %d (", reg);
5550     LinearScan::print_reg_num(reg);
5551     tty->print("), %d (", regHi);
5552     LinearScan::print_reg_num(regHi);
5553     tty->print_cr(")");
5554   }
5555 #endif
5556   assert(split_pos > 0, "invalid split_pos");
5557   if (need_split) {
5558     // register not available for full interval, so split it
5559     split_when_partial_register_available(cur, split_pos);
5560   }
5561 
5562   // only return true if interval is completely assigned
5563   return _num_phys_regs == 1 || regHi != any_reg;
5564 }
5565 
5566 
5567 int LinearScanWalker::find_locked_reg(int reg_needed_until, int interval_to, int ignore_reg, bool* need_split) {
5568   int max_reg = any_reg;
5569 
5570   for (int i = _first_reg; i <= _last_reg; i++) {
5571     if (i == ignore_reg) {
5572       // this register must be ignored
5573 
5574     } else if (_use_pos[i] > reg_needed_until) {
5575       if (max_reg == any_reg || _use_pos[i] > _use_pos[max_reg]) {
5576         max_reg = i;
5577       }
5578     }
5579   }
5580 
5581   if (max_reg != any_reg && _block_pos[max_reg] <= interval_to) {
5582     *need_split = true;
5583   }
5584 
5585   return max_reg;
5586 }
5587 
5588 int LinearScanWalker::find_locked_double_reg(int reg_needed_until, int interval_to, bool* need_split) {
5589   assert((_last_reg - _first_reg + 1) % 2 == 0, "adjust algorithm");
5590 
5591   int max_reg = any_reg;
5592 
5593   for (int i = _first_reg; i < _last_reg; i+=2) {
5594     if (_use_pos[i] > reg_needed_until && _use_pos[i + 1] > reg_needed_until) {
5595       if (max_reg == any_reg || _use_pos[i] > _use_pos[max_reg]) {
5596         max_reg = i;
5597       }
5598     }
5599   }
5600 
5601   if (max_reg != any_reg &&
5602       (_block_pos[max_reg] <= interval_to || _block_pos[max_reg + 1] <= interval_to)) {
5603     *need_split = true;
5604   }
5605 
5606   return max_reg;
5607 }
5608 
5609 void LinearScanWalker::split_and_spill_intersecting_intervals(int reg, int regHi) {
5610   assert(reg != any_reg, "no register assigned");
5611 
5612   for (int i = 0; i < _spill_intervals[reg]->length(); i++) {
5613     Interval* it = _spill_intervals[reg]->at(i);
5614     remove_from_list(it);
5615     split_and_spill_interval(it);
5616   }
5617 
5618   if (regHi != any_reg) {
5619     IntervalList* processed = _spill_intervals[reg];
5620     for (int i = 0; i < _spill_intervals[regHi]->length(); i++) {
5621       Interval* it = _spill_intervals[regHi]->at(i);
5622       if (processed->find(it) == -1) {
5623         remove_from_list(it);
5624         split_and_spill_interval(it);
5625       }
5626     }
5627   }
5628 }
5629 
5630 
5631 // Split an Interval and spill it to memory so that cur can be placed in a register
5632 void LinearScanWalker::alloc_locked_reg(Interval* cur) {
5633   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print("need to split and spill to get register for "); cur->print());
5634 
5635   // collect current usage of registers
5636   init_use_lists(false);
5637   spill_exclude_active_fixed();
5638   assert(unhandled_first(fixedKind) == Interval::end(), "must not have unhandled fixed intervals because all fixed intervals have a use at position 0");
5639   spill_block_inactive_fixed(cur);
5640   spill_collect_active_any();
5641   spill_collect_inactive_any(cur);
5642 
5643 #ifdef ASSERT
5644   if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
5645     tty->print_cr("      state of registers:");
5646     for (int i = _first_reg; i <= _last_reg; i++) {
5647       tty->print("      reg %d(", i);
5648       LinearScan::print_reg_num(i);
5649       tty->print("): use_pos: %d, block_pos: %d, intervals: ", _use_pos[i], _block_pos[i]);
5650       for (int j = 0; j < _spill_intervals[i]->length(); j++) {
5651         tty->print("%d ", _spill_intervals[i]->at(j)->reg_num());
5652       }
5653       tty->cr();
5654     }
5655   }
5656 #endif
5657 
5658   // the register must be free at least until this position
5659   int reg_needed_until = MIN2(cur->first_usage(mustHaveRegister), cur->from() + 1);
5660   int interval_to = cur->to();
5661   assert (reg_needed_until > 0 && reg_needed_until < max_jint, "interval has no use");
5662 
5663   int split_pos = 0;
5664   int use_pos = 0;
5665   bool need_split = false;
5666   int reg, regHi;
5667 
5668   if (_adjacent_regs) {
5669     reg = find_locked_double_reg(reg_needed_until, interval_to, &need_split);
5670     regHi = reg + 1;
5671 
5672     if (reg != any_reg) {
5673       use_pos = MIN2(_use_pos[reg], _use_pos[regHi]);
5674       split_pos = MIN2(_block_pos[reg], _block_pos[regHi]);
5675     }
5676   } else {
5677     reg = find_locked_reg(reg_needed_until, interval_to, cur->assigned_reg(), &need_split);
5678     regHi = any_reg;
5679 
5680     if (reg != any_reg) {
5681       use_pos = _use_pos[reg];
5682       split_pos = _block_pos[reg];
5683 
5684       if (_num_phys_regs == 2) {
5685         if (cur->assigned_reg() != any_reg) {
5686           regHi = reg;
5687           reg = cur->assigned_reg();
5688         } else {
5689           regHi = find_locked_reg(reg_needed_until, interval_to, reg, &need_split);
5690           if (regHi != any_reg) {
5691             use_pos = MIN2(use_pos, _use_pos[regHi]);
5692             split_pos = MIN2(split_pos, _block_pos[regHi]);
5693           }
5694         }
5695 
5696         if (regHi != any_reg && reg > regHi) {
5697           // sort register numbers to prevent e.g. a move from eax,ebx to ebx,eax
5698           int temp = reg;
5699           reg = regHi;
5700           regHi = temp;
5701         }
5702       }
5703     }
5704   }
5705 
5706   if (reg == any_reg || (_num_phys_regs == 2 && regHi == any_reg) || use_pos <= cur->first_usage(mustHaveRegister)) {
5707     // the first use of cur is later than the spilling position -> spill cur
5708     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("able to spill current interval. first_usage(register): %d, use_pos: %d", cur->first_usage(mustHaveRegister), use_pos));
5709 
5710     if (cur->first_usage(mustHaveRegister) <= cur->from() + 1) {
5711       assert(false, "cannot spill interval that is used in first instruction (possible reason: no register found)");
5712       // assign a reasonable register and do a bailout in product mode to avoid errors
5713       allocator()->assign_spill_slot(cur);
5714       BAILOUT("LinearScan: no register found");
5715     }
5716 
5717     split_and_spill_interval(cur);
5718   } else {
5719 #ifdef ASSERT
5720     if (TraceLinearScanLevel >= 4) {
5721       tty->print("decided to use register %d (", reg);
5722       LinearScan::print_reg_num(reg);
5723       tty->print("), %d (", regHi);
5724       LinearScan::print_reg_num(regHi);
5725       tty->print_cr(")");
5726     }
5727 #endif
5728     assert(reg != any_reg && (_num_phys_regs == 1 || regHi != any_reg), "no register found");
5729     assert(split_pos > 0, "invalid split_pos");
5730     assert(need_split == false || split_pos > cur->from(), "splitting interval at from");
5731 
5732     cur->assign_reg(reg, regHi);
5733     if (need_split) {
5734       // register not available for full interval, so split it
5735       split_when_partial_register_available(cur, split_pos);
5736     }
5737 
5738     // perform splitting and spilling for all affected intervals
5739     split_and_spill_intersecting_intervals(reg, regHi);
5740   }
5741 }
5742 
5743 bool LinearScanWalker::no_allocation_possible(Interval* cur) {
5744 #ifdef X86
5745   // fast calculation of intervals that can never get a register because the
5746   // the next instruction is a call that blocks all registers
5747   // Note: this does not work if callee-saved registers are available (e.g. on Sparc)
5748 
5749   // check if this interval is the result of a split operation
5750   // (an interval got a register until this position)
5751   int pos = cur->from();
5752   if ((pos & 1) == 1) {
5753     // the current instruction is a call that blocks all registers
5754     if (pos < allocator()->max_lir_op_id() && allocator()->has_call(pos + 1)) {
5755       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      free register cannot be available because all registers blocked by following call"));
5756 
5757       // safety check that there is really no register available
5758       assert(alloc_free_reg(cur) == false, "found a register for this interval");
5759       return true;
5760     }
5761 
5762   }
5763 #endif
5764   return false;
5765 }
5766 
5767 void LinearScanWalker::init_vars_for_alloc(Interval* cur) {
5768   BasicType type = cur->type();
5769   _num_phys_regs = LinearScan::num_physical_regs(type);
5770   _adjacent_regs = LinearScan::requires_adjacent_regs(type);
5771 
5772   if (pd_init_regs_for_alloc(cur)) {
5773     // the appropriate register range was selected.
5774   } else if (type == T_FLOAT || type == T_DOUBLE) {
5775     _first_reg = pd_first_fpu_reg;
5776     _last_reg = pd_last_fpu_reg;
5777   } else {
5778     _first_reg = pd_first_cpu_reg;
5779     _last_reg = FrameMap::last_cpu_reg();
5780   }
5781 
5782   assert(0 <= _first_reg && _first_reg < LinearScan::nof_regs, "out of range");
5783   assert(0 <= _last_reg && _last_reg < LinearScan::nof_regs, "out of range");
5784 }
5785 
5786 
5787 bool LinearScanWalker::is_move(LIR_Op* op, Interval* from, Interval* to) {
5788   if (op->code() != lir_move) {
5789     return false;
5790   }
5791   assert(op->as_Op1() != NULL, "move must be LIR_Op1");
5792 
5793   LIR_Opr in = ((LIR_Op1*)op)->in_opr();
5794   LIR_Opr res = ((LIR_Op1*)op)->result_opr();
5795   return in->is_virtual() && res->is_virtual() && in->vreg_number() == from->reg_num() && res->vreg_number() == to->reg_num();
5796 }
5797 
5798 // optimization (especially for phi functions of nested loops):
5799 // assign same spill slot to non-intersecting intervals
5800 void LinearScanWalker::combine_spilled_intervals(Interval* cur) {
5801   if (cur->is_split_child()) {
5802     // optimization is only suitable for split parents
5803     return;
5804   }
5805 
5806   Interval* register_hint = cur->register_hint(false);
5807   if (register_hint == NULL) {
5808     // cur is not the target of a move, otherwise register_hint would be set
5809     return;
5810   }
5811   assert(register_hint->is_split_parent(), "register hint must be split parent");
5812 
5813   if (cur->spill_state() != noOptimization || register_hint->spill_state() != noOptimization) {
5814     // combining the stack slots for intervals where spill move optimization is applied
5815     // is not benefitial and would cause problems
5816     return;
5817   }
5818 
5819   int begin_pos = cur->from();
5820   int end_pos = cur->to();
5821   if (end_pos > allocator()->max_lir_op_id() || (begin_pos & 1) != 0 || (end_pos & 1) != 0) {
5822     // safety check that lir_op_with_id is allowed
5823     return;
5824   }
5825 
5826   if (!is_move(allocator()->lir_op_with_id(begin_pos), register_hint, cur) || !is_move(allocator()->lir_op_with_id(end_pos), cur, register_hint)) {
5827     // cur and register_hint are not connected with two moves
5828     return;
5829   }
5830 
5831   Interval* begin_hint = register_hint->split_child_at_op_id(begin_pos, LIR_OpVisitState::inputMode);
5832   Interval* end_hint = register_hint->split_child_at_op_id(end_pos, LIR_OpVisitState::outputMode);
5833   if (begin_hint == end_hint || begin_hint->to() != begin_pos || end_hint->from() != end_pos) {
5834     // register_hint must be split, otherwise the re-writing of use positions does not work
5835     return;
5836   }
5837 
5838   assert(begin_hint->assigned_reg() != any_reg, "must have register assigned");
5839   assert(end_hint->assigned_reg() == any_reg, "must not have register assigned");
5840   assert(cur->first_usage(mustHaveRegister) == begin_pos, "must have use position at begin of interval because of move");
5841   assert(end_hint->first_usage(mustHaveRegister) == end_pos, "must have use position at begin of interval because of move");
5842 
5843   if (begin_hint->assigned_reg() < LinearScan::nof_regs) {
5844     // register_hint is not spilled at begin_pos, so it would not be benefitial to immediately spill cur
5845     return;
5846   }
5847   assert(register_hint->canonical_spill_slot() != -1, "must be set when part of interval was spilled");
5848   assert(!cur->intersects(register_hint), "cur should not intersect register_hint");
5849 
5850   if (cur->intersects_any_children_of(register_hint)) {
5851     // Bail out if cur intersects any split children of register_hint, which have the same spill slot as their parent. An overlap of two intervals with
5852     // the same spill slot could result in a situation where both intervals are spilled at the same time to the same stack location which is not correct.
5853     return;
5854   }
5855 
5856   // modify intervals such that cur gets the same stack slot as register_hint
5857   // delete use positions to prevent the intervals to get a register at beginning
5858   cur->set_canonical_spill_slot(register_hint->canonical_spill_slot());
5859   cur->remove_first_use_pos();
5860   end_hint->remove_first_use_pos();
5861 }
5862 
5863 
5864 // allocate a physical register or memory location to an interval
5865 bool LinearScanWalker::activate_current() {
5866   Interval* cur = current();
5867   bool result = true;
5868 
5869   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(2, tty->print   ("+++++ activating interval "); cur->print());
5870   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      split_parent: %d, insert_move_when_activated: %d", cur->split_parent()->reg_num(), cur->insert_move_when_activated()));
5871 
5872   if (cur->assigned_reg() >= LinearScan::nof_regs) {
5873     // activating an interval that has a stack slot assigned -> split it at first use position
5874     // used for method parameters
5875     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      interval has spill slot assigned (method parameter) -> split it before first use"));
5876 
5877     split_stack_interval(cur);
5878     result = false;
5879 
5880   } else if (allocator()->gen()->is_vreg_flag_set(cur->reg_num(), LIRGenerator::must_start_in_memory)) {
5881     // activating an interval that must start in a stack slot, but may get a register later
5882     // used for lir_roundfp: rounding is done by store to stack and reload later
5883     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      interval must start in stack slot -> split it before first use"));
5884     assert(cur->assigned_reg() == any_reg && cur->assigned_regHi() == any_reg, "register already assigned");
5885 
5886     allocator()->assign_spill_slot(cur);
5887     split_stack_interval(cur);
5888     result = false;
5889 
5890   } else if (cur->assigned_reg() == any_reg) {
5891     // interval has not assigned register -> normal allocation
5892     // (this is the normal case for most intervals)
5893     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("      normal allocation of register"));
5894 
5895     // assign same spill slot to non-intersecting intervals
5896     combine_spilled_intervals(cur);
5897 
5898     init_vars_for_alloc(cur);
5899     if (no_allocation_possible(cur) || !alloc_free_reg(cur)) {
5900       // no empty register available.
5901       // split and spill another interval so that this interval gets a register
5902       alloc_locked_reg(cur);
5903     }
5904 
5905     // spilled intervals need not be move to active-list
5906     if (cur->assigned_reg() >= LinearScan::nof_regs) {
5907       result = false;
5908     }
5909   }
5910 
5911   // load spilled values that become active from stack slot to register
5912   if (cur->insert_move_when_activated()) {
5913     assert(cur->is_split_child(), "must be");
5914     assert(cur->current_split_child() != NULL, "must be");
5915     assert(cur->current_split_child()->reg_num() != cur->reg_num(), "cannot insert move between same interval");
5916     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("Inserting move from interval %d to %d because insert_move_when_activated is set", cur->current_split_child()->reg_num(), cur->reg_num()));
5917 
5918     insert_move(cur->from(), cur->current_split_child(), cur);
5919   }
5920   cur->make_current_split_child();
5921 
5922   return result; // true = interval is moved to active list
5923 }
5924 
5925 
5926 // Implementation of EdgeMoveOptimizer
5927 
5928 EdgeMoveOptimizer::EdgeMoveOptimizer() :
5929   _edge_instructions(4),
5930   _edge_instructions_idx(4)
5931 {
5932 }
5933 
5934 void EdgeMoveOptimizer::optimize(BlockList* code) {
5935   EdgeMoveOptimizer optimizer = EdgeMoveOptimizer();
5936 
5937   // ignore the first block in the list (index 0 is not processed)
5938   for (int i = code->length() - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
5939     BlockBegin* block = code->at(i);
5940 
5941     if (block->number_of_preds() > 1 && !block->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag)) {
5942       optimizer.optimize_moves_at_block_end(block);
5943     }
5944     if (block->number_of_sux() == 2) {
5945       optimizer.optimize_moves_at_block_begin(block);
5946     }
5947   }
5948 }
5949 
5950 
5951 // clear all internal data structures
5952 void EdgeMoveOptimizer::init_instructions() {
5953   _edge_instructions.clear();
5954   _edge_instructions_idx.clear();
5955 }
5956 
5957 // append a lir-instruction-list and the index of the current operation in to the list
5958 void EdgeMoveOptimizer::append_instructions(LIR_OpList* instructions, int instructions_idx) {
5959   _edge_instructions.append(instructions);
5960   _edge_instructions_idx.append(instructions_idx);
5961 }
5962 
5963 // return the current operation of the given edge (predecessor or successor)
5964 LIR_Op* EdgeMoveOptimizer::instruction_at(int edge) {
5965   LIR_OpList* instructions = _edge_instructions.at(edge);
5966   int idx = _edge_instructions_idx.at(edge);
5967 
5968   if (idx < instructions->length()) {
5969     return instructions->at(idx);
5970   } else {
5971     return NULL;
5972   }
5973 }
5974 
5975 // removes the current operation of the given edge (predecessor or successor)
5976 void EdgeMoveOptimizer::remove_cur_instruction(int edge, bool decrement_index) {
5977   LIR_OpList* instructions = _edge_instructions.at(edge);
5978   int idx = _edge_instructions_idx.at(edge);
5979   instructions->remove_at(idx);
5980 
5981   if (decrement_index) {
5982     _edge_instructions_idx.at_put(edge, idx - 1);
5983   }
5984 }
5985 
5986 
5987 bool EdgeMoveOptimizer::operations_different(LIR_Op* op1, LIR_Op* op2) {
5988   if (op1 == NULL || op2 == NULL) {
5989     // at least one block is already empty -> no optimization possible
5990     return true;
5991   }
5992 
5993   if (op1->code() == lir_move && op2->code() == lir_move) {
5994     assert(op1->as_Op1() != NULL, "move must be LIR_Op1");
5995     assert(op2->as_Op1() != NULL, "move must be LIR_Op1");
5996     LIR_Op1* move1 = (LIR_Op1*)op1;
5997     LIR_Op1* move2 = (LIR_Op1*)op2;
5998     if (move1->info() == move2->info() && move1->in_opr() == move2->in_opr() && move1->result_opr() == move2->result_opr()) {
5999       // these moves are exactly equal and can be optimized
6000       return false;
6001     }
6002 
6003   } else if (op1->code() == lir_fxch && op2->code() == lir_fxch) {
6004     assert(op1->as_Op1() != NULL, "fxch must be LIR_Op1");
6005     assert(op2->as_Op1() != NULL, "fxch must be LIR_Op1");
6006     LIR_Op1* fxch1 = (LIR_Op1*)op1;
6007     LIR_Op1* fxch2 = (LIR_Op1*)op2;
6008     if (fxch1->in_opr()->as_jint() == fxch2->in_opr()->as_jint()) {
6009       // equal FPU stack operations can be optimized
6010       return false;
6011     }
6012 
6013   } else if (op1->code() == lir_fpop_raw && op2->code() == lir_fpop_raw) {
6014     // equal FPU stack operations can be optimized
6015     return false;
6016   }
6017 
6018   // no optimization possible
6019   return true;
6020 }
6021 
6022 void EdgeMoveOptimizer::optimize_moves_at_block_end(BlockBegin* block) {
6023   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("optimizing moves at end of block B%d", block->block_id()));
6024 
6025   if (block->is_predecessor(block)) {
6026     // currently we can't handle this correctly.
6027     return;
6028   }
6029 
6030   init_instructions();
6031   int num_preds = block->number_of_preds();
6032   assert(num_preds > 1, "do not call otherwise");
6033   assert(!block->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag), "exception handlers not allowed");
6034 
6035   // setup a list with the lir-instructions of all predecessors
6036   int i;
6037   for (i = 0; i < num_preds; i++) {
6038     BlockBegin* pred = block->pred_at(i);
6039     LIR_OpList* pred_instructions = pred->lir()->instructions_list();
6040 
6041     if (pred->number_of_sux() != 1) {
6042       // this can happen with switch-statements where multiple edges are between
6043       // the same blocks.
6044       return;
6045     }
6046 
6047     assert(pred->number_of_sux() == 1, "can handle only one successor");
6048     assert(pred->sux_at(0) == block, "invalid control flow");
6049     assert(pred_instructions->last()->code() == lir_branch, "block with successor must end with branch");
6050     assert(pred_instructions->last()->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "branch must be LIR_OpBranch");
6051     assert(pred_instructions->last()->as_OpBranch()->cond() == lir_cond_always, "block must end with unconditional branch");
6052 
6053     if (pred_instructions->last()->info() != NULL) {
6054       // can not optimize instructions when debug info is needed
6055       return;
6056     }
6057 
6058     // ignore the unconditional branch at the end of the block
6059     append_instructions(pred_instructions, pred_instructions->length() - 2);
6060   }
6061 
6062 
6063   // process lir-instructions while all predecessors end with the same instruction
6064   while (true) {
6065     LIR_Op* op = instruction_at(0);
6066     for (i = 1; i < num_preds; i++) {
6067       if (operations_different(op, instruction_at(i))) {
6068         // these instructions are different and cannot be optimized ->
6069         // no further optimization possible
6070         return;
6071       }
6072     }
6073 
6074     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("found instruction that is equal in all %d predecessors: ", num_preds); op->print());
6075 
6076     // insert the instruction at the beginning of the current block
6077     block->lir()->insert_before(1, op);
6078 
6079     // delete the instruction at the end of all predecessors
6080     for (i = 0; i < num_preds; i++) {
6081       remove_cur_instruction(i, true);
6082     }
6083   }
6084 }
6085 
6086 
6087 void EdgeMoveOptimizer::optimize_moves_at_block_begin(BlockBegin* block) {
6088   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print_cr("optimization moves at begin of block B%d", block->block_id()));
6089 
6090   init_instructions();
6091   int num_sux = block->number_of_sux();
6092 
6093   LIR_OpList* cur_instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
6094 
6095   assert(num_sux == 2, "method should not be called otherwise");
6096   assert(cur_instructions->last()->code() == lir_branch, "block with successor must end with branch");
6097   assert(cur_instructions->last()->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "branch must be LIR_OpBranch");
6098   assert(cur_instructions->last()->as_OpBranch()->cond() == lir_cond_always, "block must end with unconditional branch");
6099 
6100   if (cur_instructions->last()->info() != NULL) {
6101     // can no optimize instructions when debug info is needed
6102     return;
6103   }
6104 
6105   LIR_Op* branch = cur_instructions->at(cur_instructions->length() - 2);
6106   if (branch->info() != NULL || (branch->code() != lir_branch && branch->code() != lir_cond_float_branch)) {
6107     // not a valid case for optimization
6108     // currently, only blocks that end with two branches (conditional branch followed
6109     // by unconditional branch) are optimized
6110     return;
6111   }
6112 
6113   // now it is guaranteed that the block ends with two branch instructions.
6114   // the instructions are inserted at the end of the block before these two branches
6115   int insert_idx = cur_instructions->length() - 2;
6116 
6117   int i;
6118 #ifdef ASSERT
6119   for (i = insert_idx - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
6120     LIR_Op* op = cur_instructions->at(i);
6121     if ((op->code() == lir_branch || op->code() == lir_cond_float_branch) && ((LIR_OpBranch*)op)->block() != NULL) {
6122       assert(false, "block with two successors can have only two branch instructions");
6123     }
6124   }
6125 #endif
6126 
6127   // setup a list with the lir-instructions of all successors
6128   for (i = 0; i < num_sux; i++) {
6129     BlockBegin* sux = block->sux_at(i);
6130     LIR_OpList* sux_instructions = sux->lir()->instructions_list();
6131 
6132     assert(sux_instructions->at(0)->code() == lir_label, "block must start with label");
6133 
6134     if (sux->number_of_preds() != 1) {
6135       // this can happen with switch-statements where multiple edges are between
6136       // the same blocks.
6137       return;
6138     }
6139     assert(sux->pred_at(0) == block, "invalid control flow");
6140     assert(!sux->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag), "exception handlers not allowed");
6141 
6142     // ignore the label at the beginning of the block
6143     append_instructions(sux_instructions, 1);
6144   }
6145 
6146   // process lir-instructions while all successors begin with the same instruction
6147   while (true) {
6148     LIR_Op* op = instruction_at(0);
6149     for (i = 1; i < num_sux; i++) {
6150       if (operations_different(op, instruction_at(i))) {
6151         // these instructions are different and cannot be optimized ->
6152         // no further optimization possible
6153         return;
6154       }
6155     }
6156 
6157     TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(4, tty->print("----- found instruction that is equal in all %d successors: ", num_sux); op->print());
6158 
6159     // insert instruction at end of current block
6160     block->lir()->insert_before(insert_idx, op);
6161     insert_idx++;
6162 
6163     // delete the instructions at the beginning of all successors
6164     for (i = 0; i < num_sux; i++) {
6165       remove_cur_instruction(i, false);
6166     }
6167   }
6168 }
6169 
6170 
6171 // Implementation of ControlFlowOptimizer
6172 
6173 ControlFlowOptimizer::ControlFlowOptimizer() :
6174   _original_preds(4)
6175 {
6176 }
6177 
6178 void ControlFlowOptimizer::optimize(BlockList* code) {
6179   ControlFlowOptimizer optimizer = ControlFlowOptimizer();
6180 
6181   // push the OSR entry block to the end so that we're not jumping over it.
6182   BlockBegin* osr_entry = code->at(0)->end()->as_Base()->osr_entry();
6183   if (osr_entry) {
6184     int index = osr_entry->linear_scan_number();
6185     assert(code->at(index) == osr_entry, "wrong index");
6186     code->remove_at(index);
6187     code->append(osr_entry);
6188   }
6189 
6190   optimizer.reorder_short_loops(code);
6191   optimizer.delete_empty_blocks(code);
6192   optimizer.delete_unnecessary_jumps(code);
6193   optimizer.delete_jumps_to_return(code);
6194 }
6195 
6196 void ControlFlowOptimizer::reorder_short_loop(BlockList* code, BlockBegin* header_block, int header_idx) {
6197   int i = header_idx + 1;
6198   int max_end = MIN2(header_idx + ShortLoopSize, code->length());
6199   while (i < max_end && code->at(i)->loop_depth() >= header_block->loop_depth()) {
6200     i++;
6201   }
6202 
6203   if (i == code->length() || code->at(i)->loop_depth() < header_block->loop_depth()) {
6204     int end_idx = i - 1;
6205     BlockBegin* end_block = code->at(end_idx);
6206 
6207     if (end_block->number_of_sux() == 1 && end_block->sux_at(0) == header_block) {
6208       // short loop from header_idx to end_idx found -> reorder blocks such that
6209       // the header_block is the last block instead of the first block of the loop
6210       TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(1, tty->print_cr("Reordering short loop: length %d, header B%d, end B%d",
6211                                          end_idx - header_idx + 1,
6212                                          header_block->block_id(), end_block->block_id()));
6213 
6214       for (int j = header_idx; j < end_idx; j++) {
6215         code->at_put(j, code->at(j + 1));
6216       }
6217       code->at_put(end_idx, header_block);
6218 
6219       // correct the flags so that any loop alignment occurs in the right place.
6220       assert(code->at(end_idx)->is_set(BlockBegin::backward_branch_target_flag), "must be backward branch target");
6221       code->at(end_idx)->clear(BlockBegin::backward_branch_target_flag);
6222       code->at(header_idx)->set(BlockBegin::backward_branch_target_flag);
6223     }
6224   }
6225 }
6226 
6227 void ControlFlowOptimizer::reorder_short_loops(BlockList* code) {
6228   for (int i = code->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
6229     BlockBegin* block = code->at(i);
6230 
6231     if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::linear_scan_loop_header_flag)) {
6232       reorder_short_loop(code, block, i);
6233     }
6234   }
6235 
6236   DEBUG_ONLY(verify(code));
6237 }
6238 
6239 // only blocks with exactly one successor can be deleted. Such blocks
6240 // must always end with an unconditional branch to this successor
6241 bool ControlFlowOptimizer::can_delete_block(BlockBegin* block) {
6242   if (block->number_of_sux() != 1 || block->number_of_exception_handlers() != 0 || block->is_entry_block()) {
6243     return false;
6244   }
6245 
6246   LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
6247 
6248   assert(instructions->length() >= 2, "block must have label and branch");
6249   assert(instructions->at(0)->code() == lir_label, "first instruction must always be a label");
6250   assert(instructions->last()->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "last instruction must always be a branch");
6251   assert(instructions->last()->as_OpBranch()->cond() == lir_cond_always, "branch must be unconditional");
6252   assert(instructions->last()->as_OpBranch()->block() == block->sux_at(0), "branch target must be the successor");
6253 
6254   // block must have exactly one successor
6255 
6256   if (instructions->length() == 2 && instructions->last()->info() == NULL) {
6257     return true;
6258   }
6259   return false;
6260 }
6261 
6262 // substitute branch targets in all branch-instructions of this blocks
6263 void ControlFlowOptimizer::substitute_branch_target(BlockBegin* block, BlockBegin* target_from, BlockBegin* target_to) {
6264   TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("Deleting empty block: substituting from B%d to B%d inside B%d", target_from->block_id(), target_to->block_id(), block->block_id()));
6265 
6266   LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
6267 
6268   assert(instructions->at(0)->code() == lir_label, "first instruction must always be a label");
6269   for (int i = instructions->length() - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
6270     LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(i);
6271 
6272     if (op->code() == lir_branch || op->code() == lir_cond_float_branch) {
6273       assert(op->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "branch must be of type LIR_OpBranch");
6274       LIR_OpBranch* branch = (LIR_OpBranch*)op;
6275 
6276       if (branch->block() == target_from) {
6277         branch->change_block(target_to);
6278       }
6279       if (branch->ublock() == target_from) {
6280         branch->change_ublock(target_to);
6281       }
6282     }
6283   }
6284 }
6285 
6286 void ControlFlowOptimizer::delete_empty_blocks(BlockList* code) {
6287   int old_pos = 0;
6288   int new_pos = 0;
6289   int num_blocks = code->length();
6290 
6291   while (old_pos < num_blocks) {
6292     BlockBegin* block = code->at(old_pos);
6293 
6294     if (can_delete_block(block)) {
6295       BlockBegin* new_target = block->sux_at(0);
6296 
6297       // propagate backward branch target flag for correct code alignment
6298       if (block->is_set(BlockBegin::backward_branch_target_flag)) {
6299         new_target->set(BlockBegin::backward_branch_target_flag);
6300       }
6301 
6302       // collect a list with all predecessors that contains each predecessor only once
6303       // the predecessors of cur are changed during the substitution, so a copy of the
6304       // predecessor list is necessary
6305       int j;
6306       _original_preds.clear();
6307       for (j = block->number_of_preds() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
6308         BlockBegin* pred = block->pred_at(j);
6309         if (_original_preds.find(pred) == -1) {
6310           _original_preds.append(pred);
6311         }
6312       }
6313 
6314       for (j = _original_preds.length() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
6315         BlockBegin* pred = _original_preds.at(j);
6316         substitute_branch_target(pred, block, new_target);
6317         pred->substitute_sux(block, new_target);
6318       }
6319     } else {
6320       // adjust position of this block in the block list if blocks before
6321       // have been deleted
6322       if (new_pos != old_pos) {
6323         code->at_put(new_pos, code->at(old_pos));
6324       }
6325       new_pos++;
6326     }
6327     old_pos++;
6328   }
6329   code->trunc_to(new_pos);
6330 
6331   DEBUG_ONLY(verify(code));
6332 }
6333 
6334 void ControlFlowOptimizer::delete_unnecessary_jumps(BlockList* code) {
6335   // skip the last block because there a branch is always necessary
6336   for (int i = code->length() - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
6337     BlockBegin* block = code->at(i);
6338     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
6339 
6340     LIR_Op* last_op = instructions->last();
6341     if (last_op->code() == lir_branch) {
6342       assert(last_op->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "branch must be of type LIR_OpBranch");
6343       LIR_OpBranch* last_branch = (LIR_OpBranch*)last_op;
6344 
6345       assert(last_branch->block() != NULL, "last branch must always have a block as target");
6346       assert(last_branch->label() == last_branch->block()->label(), "must be equal");
6347 
6348       if (last_branch->info() == NULL) {
6349         if (last_branch->block() == code->at(i + 1)) {
6350 
6351           TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("Deleting unconditional branch at end of block B%d", block->block_id()));
6352 
6353           // delete last branch instruction
6354           instructions->trunc_to(instructions->length() - 1);
6355 
6356         } else {
6357           LIR_Op* prev_op = instructions->at(instructions->length() - 2);
6358           if (prev_op->code() == lir_branch || prev_op->code() == lir_cond_float_branch) {
6359             assert(prev_op->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "branch must be of type LIR_OpBranch");
6360             LIR_OpBranch* prev_branch = (LIR_OpBranch*)prev_op;
6361 
6362             if (prev_branch->stub() == NULL) {
6363 
6364               LIR_Op2* prev_cmp = NULL;
6365               // There might be a cmove inserted for profiling which depends on the same
6366               // compare. If we change the condition of the respective compare, we have
6367               // to take care of this cmove as well.
6368               LIR_Op4* prev_cmove = NULL;
6369 
6370               for(int j = instructions->length() - 3; j >= 0 && prev_cmp == NULL; j--) {
6371                 prev_op = instructions->at(j);
6372                 // check for the cmove
6373                 if (prev_op->code() == lir_cmove) {
6374                   assert(prev_op->as_Op4() != NULL, "cmove must be of type LIR_Op4");
6375                   prev_cmove = (LIR_Op4*)prev_op;
6376                   assert(prev_branch->cond() == prev_cmove->condition(), "should be the same");
6377                 }
6378                 if (prev_op->code() == lir_cmp) {
6379                   assert(prev_op->as_Op2() != NULL, "branch must be of type LIR_Op2");
6380                   prev_cmp = (LIR_Op2*)prev_op;
6381                   assert(prev_branch->cond() == prev_cmp->condition(), "should be the same");
6382                 }
6383               }
6384               // Guarantee because it is dereferenced below.
6385               guarantee(prev_cmp != NULL, "should have found comp instruction for branch");
6386               if (prev_branch->block() == code->at(i + 1) && prev_branch->info() == NULL) {
6387 
6388                 TRACE_LINEAR_SCAN(3, tty->print_cr("Negating conditional branch and deleting unconditional branch at end of block B%d", block->block_id()));
6389 
6390                 // eliminate a conditional branch to the immediate successor
6391                 prev_branch->change_block(last_branch->block());
6392                 prev_branch->negate_cond();
6393                 prev_cmp->set_condition(prev_branch->cond());
6394                 instructions->trunc_to(instructions->length() - 1);
6395                 // if we do change the condition, we have to change the cmove as well
6396                 if (prev_cmove != NULL) {
6397                   prev_cmove->set_condition(prev_branch->cond());
6398                   LIR_Opr t = prev_cmove->in_opr1();
6399                   prev_cmove->set_in_opr1(prev_cmove->in_opr2());
6400                   prev_cmove->set_in_opr2(t);
6401                 }
6402               }
6403             }
6404           }
6405         }
6406       }
6407     }
6408   }
6409 
6410   DEBUG_ONLY(verify(code));
6411 }
6412 
6413 void ControlFlowOptimizer::delete_jumps_to_return(BlockList* code) {
6414 #ifdef ASSERT
6415   ResourceBitMap return_converted(BlockBegin::number_of_blocks());
6416 #endif
6417 
6418   for (int i = code->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
6419     BlockBegin* block = code->at(i);
6420     LIR_OpList* cur_instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
6421     LIR_Op*     cur_last_op = cur_instructions->last();
6422 
6423     assert(cur_instructions->at(0)->code() == lir_label, "first instruction must always be a label");
6424     if (cur_instructions->length() == 2 && cur_last_op->code() == lir_return) {
6425       // the block contains only a label and a return
6426       // if a predecessor ends with an unconditional jump to this block, then the jump
6427       // can be replaced with a return instruction
6428       //
6429       // Note: the original block with only a return statement cannot be deleted completely
6430       //       because the predecessors might have other (conditional) jumps to this block
6431       //       -> this may lead to unnecessary return instructions in the final code
6432 
6433       assert(cur_last_op->info() == NULL, "return instructions do not have debug information");
6434       assert(block->number_of_sux() == 0 ||
6435              (return_converted.at(block->block_id()) && block->number_of_sux() == 1),
6436              "blocks that end with return must not have successors");
6437 
6438       assert(cur_last_op->as_Op1() != NULL, "return must be LIR_Op1");
6439       LIR_Opr return_opr = ((LIR_Op1*)cur_last_op)->in_opr();
6440 
6441       for (int j = block->number_of_preds() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
6442         BlockBegin* pred = block->pred_at(j);
6443         LIR_OpList* pred_instructions = pred->lir()->instructions_list();
6444         LIR_Op*     pred_last_op = pred_instructions->last();
6445 
6446         if (pred_last_op->code() == lir_branch) {
6447           assert(pred_last_op->as_OpBranch() != NULL, "branch must be LIR_OpBranch");
6448           LIR_OpBranch* pred_last_branch = (LIR_OpBranch*)pred_last_op;
6449 
6450           if (pred_last_branch->block() == block && pred_last_branch->cond() == lir_cond_always && pred_last_branch->info() == NULL) {
6451             // replace the jump to a return with a direct return
6452             // Note: currently the edge between the blocks is not deleted
6453             pred_instructions->at_put(pred_instructions->length() - 1, new LIR_OpReturn(return_opr));
6454 #ifdef ASSERT
6455             return_converted.set_bit(pred->block_id());
6456 #endif
6457           }
6458         }
6459       }
6460     }
6461   }
6462 }
6463 
6464 
6465 #ifdef ASSERT
6466 void ControlFlowOptimizer::verify(BlockList* code) {
6467   for (int i = 0; i < code->length(); i++) {
6468     BlockBegin* block = code->at(i);
6469     LIR_OpList* instructions = block->lir()->instructions_list();
6470 
6471     int j;
6472     for (j = 0; j < instructions->length(); j++) {
6473       LIR_OpBranch* op_branch = instructions->at(j)->as_OpBranch();
6474 
6475       if (op_branch != NULL) {
6476         assert(op_branch->block() == NULL || code->find(op_branch->block()) != -1, "branch target not valid");
6477         assert(op_branch->ublock() == NULL || code->find(op_branch->ublock()) != -1, "branch target not valid");
6478       }
6479     }
6480 
6481     for (j = 0; j < block->number_of_sux() - 1; j++) {
6482       BlockBegin* sux = block->sux_at(j);
6483       assert(code->find(sux) != -1, "successor not valid");
6484     }
6485 
6486     for (j = 0; j < block->number_of_preds() - 1; j++) {
6487       BlockBegin* pred = block->pred_at(j);
6488       assert(code->find(pred) != -1, "successor not valid");
6489     }
6490   }
6491 }
6492 #endif
6493 
6494 
6495 #ifndef PRODUCT
6496 
6497 // Implementation of LinearStatistic
6498 
6499 const char* LinearScanStatistic::counter_name(int counter_idx) {
6500   switch (counter_idx) {
6501     case counter_method:          return "compiled methods";
6502     case counter_fpu_method:      return "methods using fpu";
6503     case counter_loop_method:     return "methods with loops";
6504     case counter_exception_method:return "methods with xhandler";
6505 
6506     case counter_loop:            return "loops";
6507     case counter_block:           return "blocks";
6508     case counter_loop_block:      return "blocks inside loop";
6509     case counter_exception_block: return "exception handler entries";
6510     case counter_interval:        return "intervals";
6511     case counter_fixed_interval:  return "fixed intervals";
6512     case counter_range:           return "ranges";
6513     case counter_fixed_range:     return "fixed ranges";
6514     case counter_use_pos:         return "use positions";
6515     case counter_fixed_use_pos:   return "fixed use positions";
6516     case counter_spill_slots:     return "spill slots";
6517 
6518     // counter for classes of lir instructions
6519     case counter_instruction:     return "total instructions";
6520     case counter_label:           return "labels";
6521     case counter_entry:           return "method entries";
6522     case counter_return:          return "method returns";
6523     case counter_call:            return "method calls";
6524     case counter_move:            return "moves";
6525     case counter_cmp:             return "compare";
6526     case counter_cond_branch:     return "conditional branches";
6527     case counter_uncond_branch:   return "unconditional branches";
6528     case counter_stub_branch:     return "branches to stub";
6529     case counter_alu:             return "artithmetic + logic";
6530     case counter_alloc:           return "allocations";
6531     case counter_sync:            return "synchronisation";
6532     case counter_throw:           return "throw";
6533     case counter_unwind:          return "unwind";
6534     case counter_typecheck:       return "type+null-checks";
6535     case counter_fpu_stack:       return "fpu-stack";
6536     case counter_misc_inst:       return "other instructions";
6537     case counter_other_inst:      return "misc. instructions";
6538 
6539     // counter for different types of moves
6540     case counter_move_total:      return "total moves";
6541     case counter_move_reg_reg:    return "register->register";
6542     case counter_move_reg_stack:  return "register->stack";
6543     case counter_move_stack_reg:  return "stack->register";
6544     case counter_move_stack_stack:return "stack->stack";
6545     case counter_move_reg_mem:    return "register->memory";
6546     case counter_move_mem_reg:    return "memory->register";
6547     case counter_move_const_any:  return "constant->any";
6548 
6549     case blank_line_1:            return "";
6550     case blank_line_2:            return "";
6551 
6552     default: ShouldNotReachHere(); return "";
6553   }
6554 }
6555 
6556 LinearScanStatistic::Counter LinearScanStatistic::base_counter(int counter_idx) {
6557   if (counter_idx == counter_fpu_method || counter_idx == counter_loop_method || counter_idx == counter_exception_method) {
6558     return counter_method;
6559   } else if (counter_idx == counter_loop_block || counter_idx == counter_exception_block) {
6560     return counter_block;
6561   } else if (counter_idx >= counter_instruction && counter_idx <= counter_other_inst) {
6562     return counter_instruction;
6563   } else if (counter_idx >= counter_move_total && counter_idx <= counter_move_const_any) {
6564     return counter_move_total;
6565   }
6566   return invalid_counter;
6567 }
6568 
6569 LinearScanStatistic::LinearScanStatistic() {
6570   for (int i = 0; i < number_of_counters; i++) {
6571     _counters_sum[i] = 0;
6572     _counters_max[i] = -1;
6573   }
6574 
6575 }
6576 
6577 // add the method-local numbers to the total sum
6578 void LinearScanStatistic::sum_up(LinearScanStatistic &method_statistic) {
6579   for (int i = 0; i < number_of_counters; i++) {
6580     _counters_sum[i] += method_statistic._counters_sum[i];
6581     _counters_max[i] = MAX2(_counters_max[i], method_statistic._counters_sum[i]);
6582   }
6583 }
6584 
6585 void LinearScanStatistic::print(const char* title) {
6586   if (CountLinearScan || TraceLinearScanLevel > 0) {
6587     tty->cr();
6588     tty->print_cr("***** LinearScan statistic - %s *****", title);
6589 
6590     for (int i = 0; i < number_of_counters; i++) {
6591       if (_counters_sum[i] > 0 || _counters_max[i] >= 0) {
6592         tty->print("%25s: %8d", counter_name(i), _counters_sum[i]);
6593 
6594         LinearScanStatistic::Counter cntr = base_counter(i);
6595         if (cntr != invalid_counter) {
6596           tty->print("  (%5.1f%%) ", _counters_sum[i] * 100.0 / _counters_sum[cntr]);
6597         } else {
6598           tty->print("           ");
6599         }
6600 
6601         if (_counters_max[i] >= 0) {
6602           tty->print("%8d", _counters_max[i]);
6603         }
6604       }
6605       tty->cr();
6606     }
6607   }
6608 }
6609 
6610 void LinearScanStatistic::collect(LinearScan* allocator) {
6611   inc_counter(counter_method);
6612   if (allocator->has_fpu_registers()) {
6613     inc_counter(counter_fpu_method);
6614   }
6615   if (allocator->num_loops() > 0) {
6616     inc_counter(counter_loop_method);
6617   }
6618   inc_counter(counter_loop, allocator->num_loops());
6619   inc_counter(counter_spill_slots, allocator->max_spills());
6620 
6621   int i;
6622   for (i = 0; i < allocator->interval_count(); i++) {
6623     Interval* cur = allocator->interval_at(i);
6624 
6625     if (cur != NULL) {
6626       inc_counter(counter_interval);
6627       inc_counter(counter_use_pos, cur->num_use_positions());
6628       if (LinearScan::is_precolored_interval(cur)) {
6629         inc_counter(counter_fixed_interval);
6630         inc_counter(counter_fixed_use_pos, cur->num_use_positions());
6631       }
6632 
6633       Range* range = cur->first();
6634       while (range != Range::end()) {
6635         inc_counter(counter_range);
6636         if (LinearScan::is_precolored_interval(cur)) {
6637           inc_counter(counter_fixed_range);
6638         }
6639         range = range->next();
6640       }
6641     }
6642   }
6643 
6644   bool has_xhandlers = false;
6645   // Note: only count blocks that are in code-emit order
6646   for (i = 0; i < allocator->ir()->code()->length(); i++) {
6647     BlockBegin* cur = allocator->ir()->code()->at(i);
6648 
6649     inc_counter(counter_block);
6650     if (cur->loop_depth() > 0) {
6651       inc_counter(counter_loop_block);
6652     }
6653     if (cur->is_set(BlockBegin::exception_entry_flag)) {
6654       inc_counter(counter_exception_block);
6655       has_xhandlers = true;
6656     }
6657 
6658     LIR_OpList* instructions = cur->lir()->instructions_list();
6659     for (int j = 0; j < instructions->length(); j++) {
6660       LIR_Op* op = instructions->at(j);
6661 
6662       inc_counter(counter_instruction);
6663 
6664       switch (op->code()) {
6665         case lir_label:           inc_counter(counter_label); break;
6666         case lir_std_entry:
6667         case lir_osr_entry:       inc_counter(counter_entry); break;
6668         case lir_return:          inc_counter(counter_return); break;
6669 
6670         case lir_rtcall:
6671         case lir_static_call:
6672         case lir_optvirtual_call: inc_counter(counter_call); break;
6673 
6674         case lir_move: {
6675           inc_counter(counter_move);
6676           inc_counter(counter_move_total);
6677 
6678           LIR_Opr in = op->as_Op1()->in_opr();
6679           LIR_Opr res = op->as_Op1()->result_opr();
6680           if (in->is_register()) {
6681             if (res->is_register()) {
6682               inc_counter(counter_move_reg_reg);
6683             } else if (res->is_stack()) {
6684               inc_counter(counter_move_reg_stack);
6685             } else if (res->is_address()) {
6686               inc_counter(counter_move_reg_mem);
6687             } else {
6688               ShouldNotReachHere();
6689             }
6690           } else if (in->is_stack()) {
6691             if (res->is_register()) {
6692               inc_counter(counter_move_stack_reg);
6693             } else {
6694               inc_counter(counter_move_stack_stack);
6695             }
6696           } else if (in->is_address()) {
6697             assert(res->is_register(), "must be");
6698             inc_counter(counter_move_mem_reg);
6699           } else if (in->is_constant()) {
6700             inc_counter(counter_move_const_any);
6701           } else {
6702             ShouldNotReachHere();
6703           }
6704           break;
6705         }
6706 
6707         case lir_cmp:             inc_counter(counter_cmp); break;
6708 
6709         case lir_branch:
6710         case lir_cond_float_branch: {
6711           LIR_OpBranch* branch = op->as_OpBranch();
6712           if (branch->block() == NULL) {
6713             inc_counter(counter_stub_branch);
6714           } else if (branch->cond() == lir_cond_always) {
6715             inc_counter(counter_uncond_branch);
6716           } else {
6717             inc_counter(counter_cond_branch);
6718           }
6719           break;
6720         }
6721 
6722         case lir_neg:
6723         case lir_add:
6724         case lir_sub:
6725         case lir_mul:
6726         case lir_div:
6727         case lir_rem:
6728         case lir_sqrt:
6729         case lir_abs:
6730         case lir_log10:
6731         case lir_logic_and:
6732         case lir_logic_or:
6733         case lir_logic_xor:
6734         case lir_shl:
6735         case lir_shr:
6736         case lir_ushr:            inc_counter(counter_alu); break;
6737 
6738         case lir_alloc_object:
6739         case lir_alloc_array:     inc_counter(counter_alloc); break;
6740 
6741         case lir_monaddr:
6742         case lir_lock:
6743         case lir_unlock:          inc_counter(counter_sync); break;
6744 
6745         case lir_throw:           inc_counter(counter_throw); break;
6746 
6747         case lir_unwind:          inc_counter(counter_unwind); break;
6748 
6749         case lir_null_check:
6750         case lir_leal:
6751         case lir_instanceof:
6752         case lir_checkcast:
6753         case lir_store_check:     inc_counter(counter_typecheck); break;
6754 
6755         case lir_fpop_raw:
6756         case lir_fxch:
6757         case lir_fld:             inc_counter(counter_fpu_stack); break;
6758 
6759         case lir_nop:
6760         case lir_push:
6761         case lir_pop:
6762         case lir_convert:
6763         case lir_roundfp:
6764         case lir_cmove:           inc_counter(counter_misc_inst); break;
6765 
6766         default:                  inc_counter(counter_other_inst); break;
6767       }
6768     }
6769   }
6770 
6771   if (has_xhandlers) {
6772     inc_counter(counter_exception_method);
6773   }
6774 }
6775 
6776 void LinearScanStatistic::compute(LinearScan* allocator, LinearScanStatistic &global_statistic) {
6777   if (CountLinearScan || TraceLinearScanLevel > 0) {
6778 
6779     LinearScanStatistic local_statistic = LinearScanStatistic();
6780 
6781     local_statistic.collect(allocator);
6782     global_statistic.sum_up(local_statistic);
6783 
6784     if (TraceLinearScanLevel > 2) {
6785       local_statistic.print("current local statistic");
6786     }
6787   }
6788 }
6789 
6790 
6791 // Implementation of LinearTimers
6792 
6793 LinearScanTimers::LinearScanTimers() {
6794   for (int i = 0; i < number_of_timers; i++) {
6795     timer(i)->reset();
6796   }
6797 }
6798 
6799 const char* LinearScanTimers::timer_name(int idx) {
6800   switch (idx) {
6801     case timer_do_nothing:               return "Nothing (Time Check)";
6802     case timer_number_instructions:      return "Number Instructions";
6803     case timer_compute_local_live_sets:  return "Local Live Sets";
6804     case timer_compute_global_live_sets: return "Global Live Sets";
6805     case timer_build_intervals:          return "Build Intervals";
6806     case timer_sort_intervals_before:    return "Sort Intervals Before";
6807     case timer_allocate_registers:       return "Allocate Registers";
6808     case timer_resolve_data_flow:        return "Resolve Data Flow";
6809     case timer_sort_intervals_after:     return "Sort Intervals After";
6810     case timer_eliminate_spill_moves:    return "Spill optimization";
6811     case timer_assign_reg_num:           return "Assign Reg Num";
6812     case timer_allocate_fpu_stack:       return "Allocate FPU Stack";
6813     case timer_optimize_lir:             return "Optimize LIR";
6814     default: ShouldNotReachHere();       return "";
6815   }
6816 }
6817 
6818 void LinearScanTimers::begin_method() {
6819   if (TimeEachLinearScan) {
6820     // reset all timers to measure only current method
6821     for (int i = 0; i < number_of_timers; i++) {
6822       timer(i)->reset();
6823     }
6824   }
6825 }
6826 
6827 void LinearScanTimers::end_method(LinearScan* allocator) {
6828   if (TimeEachLinearScan) {
6829 
6830     double c = timer(timer_do_nothing)->seconds();
6831     double total = 0;
6832     for (int i = 1; i < number_of_timers; i++) {
6833       total += timer(i)->seconds() - c;
6834     }
6835 
6836     if (total >= 0.0005) {
6837       // print all information in one line for automatic processing
6838       tty->print("@"); allocator->compilation()->method()->print_name();
6839 
6840       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->compilation()->method()->code_size());
6841       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->block_at(allocator->block_count() - 1)->last_lir_instruction_id() / 2);
6842       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->block_count());
6843       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->num_virtual_regs());
6844       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->interval_count());
6845       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->_num_calls);
6846       tty->print("@ %d ", allocator->num_loops());
6847 
6848       tty->print("@ %6.6f ", total);
6849       for (int i = 1; i < number_of_timers; i++) {
6850         tty->print("@ %4.1f ", ((timer(i)->seconds() - c) / total) * 100);
6851       }
6852       tty->cr();
6853     }
6854   }
6855 }
6856 
6857 void LinearScanTimers::print(double total_time) {
6858   if (TimeLinearScan) {
6859     // correction value: sum of dummy-timer that only measures the time that
6860     // is necessary to start and stop itself
6861     double c = timer(timer_do_nothing)->seconds();
6862 
6863     for (int i = 0; i < number_of_timers; i++) {
6864       double t = timer(i)->seconds();
6865       tty->print_cr("    %25s: %6.3f s (%4.1f%%)  corrected: %6.3f s (%4.1f%%)", timer_name(i), t, (t / total_time) * 100.0, t - c, (t - c) / (total_time - 2 * number_of_timers * c) * 100);
6866     }
6867   }
6868 }
6869 
6870 #endif // #ifndef PRODUCT