1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLinker.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotLinkedClassBulkLoader.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotMapLogger.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cdsProtectionDomain.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/classListParser.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/classListWriter.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/cppVtables.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/dumpAllocStats.hpp"
  44 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
  45 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
  46 #include "cds/finalImageRecipes.hpp"
  47 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "cds/lambdaFormInvokers.hpp"
  49 #include "cds/lambdaProxyClassDictionary.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "classfile/loaderConstraints.hpp"
  54 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  55 #include "classfile/placeholders.hpp"
  56 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  57 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  58 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  59 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  60 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  61 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  62 #include "code/aotCodeCache.hpp"
  63 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  65 #include "interpreter/bytecodes.hpp"
  66 #include "interpreter/bytecodeStream.hpp"
  67 #include "jvm_io.h"
  68 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  69 #include "logging/logMessage.hpp"
  70 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  71 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  72 #include "memory/metaspace.hpp"
  73 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  74 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  75 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  76 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  77 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  78 #include "oops/compressedKlass.hpp"
  79 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  80 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp"
  81 #include "oops/inlineKlass.hpp"
  82 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  83 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  84 #include "oops/objArrayOop.hpp"
  85 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  86 #include "oops/oopHandle.hpp"
  87 #include "oops/resolvedFieldEntry.hpp"
  88 #include "oops/trainingData.hpp"
  89 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/os.inline.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 100 #include "sanitizers/leak.hpp"
 101 #include "services/management.hpp"
 102 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
 103 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/hashTable.hpp"
 106 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 107 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
 108 
 109 #include <sys/stat.h>
 110 
 111 ReservedSpace AOTMetaspace::_symbol_rs;
 112 VirtualSpace AOTMetaspace::_symbol_vs;
 113 bool AOTMetaspace::_archive_loading_failed = false;
 114 bool AOTMetaspace::_remapped_readwrite = false;
 115 void* AOTMetaspace::_aot_metaspace_static_top = nullptr;
 116 intx AOTMetaspace::_relocation_delta;
 117 char* AOTMetaspace::_requested_base_address;
 118 Array<Method*>* AOTMetaspace::_archived_method_handle_intrinsics = nullptr;
 119 bool AOTMetaspace::_use_optimized_module_handling = true;
 120 int volatile AOTMetaspace::_preimage_static_archive_dumped = 0;
 121 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::_output_mapinfo = nullptr;
 122 
 123 // The CDS archive is divided into the following regions:
 124 //     rw  - read-write metadata
 125 //     ro  - read-only metadata and read-only tables
 126 //     hp  - heap region
 127 //     bm  - bitmap for relocating the above 7 regions.
 128 //
 129 // The rw and ro regions are linearly allocated, in the order of rw->ro.
 130 // These regions are aligned with AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment().
 131 //
 132 // These 2 regions are populated in the following steps:
 133 // [0] All classes are loaded in AOTMetaspace::load_classes(). All metadata are
 134 //     temporarily allocated outside of the shared regions.
 135 // [1] We enter a safepoint and allocate a buffer for the rw/ro regions.
 136 // [2] C++ vtables are copied into the rw region.
 137 // [3] ArchiveBuilder copies RW metadata into the rw region.
 138 // [4] ArchiveBuilder copies RO metadata into the ro region.
 139 // [5] SymbolTable, StringTable, SystemDictionary, and a few other read-only data
 140 //     are copied into the ro region as read-only tables.
 141 //
 142 // The heap region is written by HeapShared::write_heap().
 143 //
 144 // The bitmap region is used to relocate the ro/rw/hp regions.
 145 
 146 static DumpRegion _symbol_region("symbols");
 147 
 148 char* AOTMetaspace::symbol_space_alloc(size_t num_bytes) {
 149   return _symbol_region.allocate(num_bytes);
 150 }
 151 
 152 // os::vm_allocation_granularity() is usually 4K for most OSes. However, some platforms
 153 // such as linux-aarch64 and macos-x64 ...
 154 // it can be either 4K or 64K and on macos-aarch64 it is 16K. To generate archives that are
 155 // compatible for both settings, an alternative cds core region alignment can be enabled
 156 // at building time:
 157 //   --enable-compactible-cds-alignment
 158 // Upon successful configuration, the compactible alignment then can be defined in:
 159 //   os_linux_aarch64.cpp
 160 //   os_bsd_x86.cpp
 161 size_t AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment() {
 162   return os::cds_core_region_alignment();
 163 }
 164 
 165 size_t AOTMetaspace::protection_zone_size() {
 166   return os::cds_core_region_alignment();
 167 }
 168 
 169 bool AOTMetaspace::shared_base_valid(char* shared_base) {
 170   // We check user input for SharedBaseAddress at dump time.
 171 
 172   // At CDS runtime, "shared_base" will be the (attempted) mapping start. It will also
 173   // be the encoding base, since the headers of archived base objects (and with Lilliput,
 174   // the prototype mark words) carry pre-computed narrow Klass IDs that refer to the mapping
 175   // start as base.
 176   //
 177   // The "shared_base" may not be later usable as encoding base, depending on the
 178   // total size of the reserved area and the precomputed_narrow_klass_shift. This is checked
 179   // before reserving memory.  Here we weed out values already known to be invalid later.
 180   // Since we cannot predict the range, we use the full maximum encoding range
 181   // (4G).
 182   constexpr size_t range = 4 * G;
 183   address addr = (address)shared_base;
 184   const int shift = ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift();
 185   return CompressedKlassPointers::check_klass_decode_mode(addr, shift, range);
 186 }
 187 
 188 class DumpClassListCLDClosure : public CLDClosure {
 189   static const int INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE = 1987;
 190   static const int MAX_TABLE_SIZE = 61333;
 191 
 192   fileStream *_stream;
 193   ResizeableHashTable<InstanceKlass*, bool,
 194                               AnyObj::C_HEAP, mtClassShared> _dumped_classes;
 195 
 196   void dump(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 197     bool created;
 198     _dumped_classes.put_if_absent(ik, &created);
 199     if (!created) {
 200       return;
 201     }
 202     if (_dumped_classes.maybe_grow()) {
 203       log_info(aot, hashtables)("Expanded _dumped_classes table to %d", _dumped_classes.table_size());
 204     }
 205     if (ik->super()) {
 206       dump(ik->super());
 207     }
 208     Array<InstanceKlass*>* interfaces = ik->local_interfaces();
 209     int len = interfaces->length();
 210     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 211       dump(interfaces->at(i));
 212     }
 213     ClassListWriter::write_to_stream(ik, _stream);
 214   }
 215 
 216 public:
 217   DumpClassListCLDClosure(fileStream* f)
 218   : CLDClosure(), _dumped_classes(INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, MAX_TABLE_SIZE) {
 219     _stream = f;
 220   }
 221 
 222   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 223     for (Klass* klass = cld->klasses(); klass != nullptr; klass = klass->next_link()) {
 224       if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
 225         dump(InstanceKlass::cast(klass));
 226       }
 227     }
 228   }
 229 };
 230 
 231 void AOTMetaspace::dump_loaded_classes(const char* file_name, TRAPS) {
 232   fileStream stream(file_name, "w");
 233   if (stream.is_open()) {
 234     MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 235     MutexLocker lock2(ClassListFile_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 236     DumpClassListCLDClosure collect_classes(&stream);
 237     ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_cld_do(&collect_classes);
 238   } else {
 239     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Failed to open file");
 240   }
 241 }
 242 
 243 static bool shared_base_too_high(char* specified_base, char* aligned_base, size_t cds_max) {
 244   // Caller should have checked that aligned_base was successfully aligned and is not nullptr.
 245   // Comparing specified_base with nullptr is UB.
 246   assert(aligned_base != nullptr, "sanity");
 247   assert(aligned_base >= specified_base, "sanity");
 248 
 249   if (max_uintx - uintx(aligned_base) < uintx(cds_max)) {
 250     // Not enough address space to hold an archive of cds_max bytes from aligned_base.
 251     return true;
 252   } else {
 253     return false;
 254   }
 255 }
 256 
 257 static char* compute_shared_base(size_t cds_max) {
 258   char* specified_base = (char*)SharedBaseAddress;
 259   size_t alignment = AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment();
 260 #if INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
 261   alignment = MAX2(alignment, Metaspace::reserve_alignment());
 262 #endif
 263 
 264   if (SharedBaseAddress == 0) {
 265     // Special meaning of -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0 -> Always map archive at os-selected address.
 266     return specified_base;
 267   }
 268 
 269   char* aligned_base = can_align_up(specified_base, alignment)
 270                            ? align_up(specified_base, alignment)
 271                            : nullptr;
 272 
 273   if (aligned_base != specified_base) {
 274     aot_log_info(aot)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") aligned up to " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 275                    p2i(specified_base), p2i(aligned_base));
 276   }
 277 
 278   const char* err = nullptr;
 279   if (aligned_base == nullptr) {
 280     err = "too high";
 281   } else if (shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max)) {
 282     err = "too high";
 283   } else if (!AOTMetaspace::shared_base_valid(aligned_base)) {
 284     err = "invalid for this platform";
 285   } else {
 286     return aligned_base;
 287   }
 288 
 289   // Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress() is hard-coded in cds_globals.hpp. It must be carefully
 290   // picked that (a) the align_up() below will always return a valid value; (b) none of
 291   // the following asserts will fail.
 292   aot_log_warning(aot)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") is %s. Reverted to " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 293                    p2i((void*)SharedBaseAddress), err,
 294                    p2i((void*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress()));
 295 
 296   specified_base = (char*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress();
 297   aligned_base = align_up(specified_base, alignment);
 298 
 299   // Make sure the default value of SharedBaseAddress specified in globals.hpp is sane.
 300   assert(!shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max), "Sanity");
 301   assert(AOTMetaspace::shared_base_valid(aligned_base), "Sanity");
 302   return aligned_base;
 303 }
 304 
 305 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_for_static_dump() {
 306   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive(), "sanity");
 307   aot_log_info(aot)("Core region alignment: %zu", core_region_alignment());
 308   // The max allowed size for CDS archive. We use this to limit SharedBaseAddress
 309   // to avoid address space wrap around.
 310   size_t cds_max;
 311   const size_t reserve_alignment = core_region_alignment();
 312 
 313 #ifdef _LP64
 314   const uint64_t UnscaledClassSpaceMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
 315   cds_max = align_down(UnscaledClassSpaceMax, reserve_alignment);
 316 #else
 317   // We don't support archives larger than 256MB on 32-bit due to limited
 318   //  virtual address space.
 319   cds_max = align_down(256*M, reserve_alignment);
 320 #endif
 321 
 322   _requested_base_address = compute_shared_base(cds_max);
 323   SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)_requested_base_address;
 324 
 325   size_t symbol_rs_size = LP64_ONLY(3 * G) NOT_LP64(128 * M);
 326   _symbol_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(symbol_rs_size,
 327                                        os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
 328                                        os::vm_page_size(),
 329                                        mtClassShared);
 330   if (!_symbol_rs.is_reserved()) {
 331     aot_log_error(aot)("Unable to reserve memory for symbols: %zu bytes.", symbol_rs_size);
 332     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
 333   }
 334   _symbol_region.init(&_symbol_rs, &_symbol_vs);
 335   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 336     // We are in the AOT training run. User code is executed.
 337     //
 338     // On Windows, if the user code closes System.out and we open the AOT config file for output
 339     // only at VM exit, we might get back the same file HANDLE as stdout, and the AOT config
 340     // file may get corrupted by UL logs. By opening early, we ensure that the output
 341     // HANDLE is different than stdout so we can avoid such corruption.
 342     open_output_mapinfo();
 343   } else {
 344     // No need for the above as we won't execute any user code.
 345   }
 346 }
 347 
 348 void AOTMetaspace::open_output_mapinfo() {
 349   const char* static_archive = CDSConfig::output_archive_path();
 350   assert(static_archive != nullptr, "sanity");
 351   _output_mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true);
 352   _output_mapinfo->open_as_output();
 353 }
 354 
 355 // Called by universe_post_init()
 356 void AOTMetaspace::post_initialize(TRAPS) {
 357   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
 358     FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 359     FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
 360 
 361     if (AOTMapLogger::is_logging_at_bootstrap()) {
 362       // The map logging needs to be done here, as it requires some stubs on Windows,
 363       // which are not generated until the end of init_globals().
 364       AOTMapLogger::runtime_log(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo);
 365     }
 366 
 367     // Close any open file descriptors. However, mmap'ed pages will remain in memory.
 368     static_mapinfo->close();
 369 
 370     if (HeapShared::is_loading() && HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode()) {
 371       static_mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 372     }
 373 
 374     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
 375       dynamic_mapinfo->close();
 376       dynamic_mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 377     }
 378 
 379     int size = AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->length();
 380     if (size > 0) {
 381       CDSProtectionDomain::allocate_shared_data_arrays(size, CHECK);
 382     }
 383   }
 384 }
 385 
 386 // Extra java.lang.Strings to be added to the archive
 387 static GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>* _extra_interned_strings = nullptr;
 388 // Extra Symbols to be added to the archive
 389 static GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>* _extra_symbols = nullptr;
 390 // Methods managed by SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_intrinsic() to be added to the archive
 391 static GrowableArray<Method*>* _pending_method_handle_intrinsics = nullptr;
 392 
 393 void AOTMetaspace::read_extra_data(JavaThread* current, const char* filename) {
 394   _extra_interned_strings = new GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>(10000);
 395   _extra_symbols = new GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>(1000);
 396 
 397   HashtableTextDump reader(filename);
 398   reader.check_version("VERSION: 1.0");
 399 
 400   while (reader.remain() > 0) {
 401     int utf8_length;
 402     int prefix_type = reader.scan_prefix(&utf8_length);
 403     ResourceMark rm(current);
 404     if (utf8_length == 0x7fffffff) {
 405       // buf_len will overflown 32-bit value.
 406       aot_log_error(aot)("string length too large: %d", utf8_length);
 407       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error();
 408     }
 409     int buf_len = utf8_length+1;
 410     char* utf8_buffer = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len);
 411     reader.get_utf8(utf8_buffer, utf8_length);
 412     utf8_buffer[utf8_length] = '\0';
 413 
 414     if (prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::SymbolPrefix) {
 415       _extra_symbols->append(SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(utf8_buffer));
 416     } else{
 417       assert(prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::StringPrefix, "Sanity");
 418       ExceptionMark em(current);
 419       JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
 420       oop str = StringTable::intern(utf8_buffer, THREAD);
 421 
 422       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 423         log_warning(aot, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string allocation failed; size too large: %d",
 424                                reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length);
 425         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 426       } else {
 427 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 428         if (HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(str)) {
 429           log_warning(aot, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string ignored; size too large: %d",
 430                                  reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length);
 431           continue;
 432         }
 433         // Make sure this string is included in the dumped interned string table.
 434         assert(str != nullptr, "must succeed");
 435         _extra_interned_strings->append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), str));
 436 #endif
 437       }
 438     }
 439   }
 440 }
 441 
 442 void AOTMetaspace::make_method_handle_intrinsics_shareable() {
 443   for (int i = 0; i < _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length(); i++) {
 444     Method* m = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics->at(i));
 445     m->remove_unshareable_info();
 446     // Each method has its own constant pool (which is distinct from m->method_holder()->constants());
 447     m->constants()->remove_unshareable_info();
 448   }
 449 }
 450 
 451 void AOTMetaspace::write_method_handle_intrinsics() {
 452   int len = _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length();
 453   _archived_method_handle_intrinsics = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Method*>(len);
 454   int word_size = _archived_method_handle_intrinsics->size();
 455   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 456     Method* m = _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->at(i);
 457     ArchiveBuilder::current()->write_pointer_in_buffer(_archived_method_handle_intrinsics->adr_at(i), m);
 458     word_size += m->size() + m->constMethod()->size() + m->constants()->size();
 459     if (m->constants()->cache() != nullptr) {
 460       word_size += m->constants()->cache()->size();
 461     }
 462   }
 463   log_info(aot)("Archived %d method handle intrinsics (%d bytes)", len, word_size * BytesPerWord);
 464 }
 465 
 466 // About "serialize" --
 467 //
 468 // This is (probably a badly named) way to read/write a data stream of pointers and
 469 // miscellaneous data from/to the shared archive file. The usual code looks like this:
 470 //
 471 //     // These two global C++ variables are initialized during dump time.
 472 //     static int _archived_int;
 473 //     static MetaspaceObj* archived_ptr;
 474 //
 475 //     void MyClass::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 476 //         soc->do_int(&_archived_int);
 477 //         soc->do_int(&_archived_ptr);
 478 //     }
 479 //
 480 //     At dumptime, these two variables are stored into the CDS archive.
 481 //     At runtime, these two variables are loaded from the CDS archive.
 482 //     In addition, the pointer is relocated as necessary.
 483 //
 484 // Some of the xxx::serialize() functions may have side effects and assume that
 485 // the archive is already mapped. For example, SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header()
 486 // unconditionally makes the set of archived symbols available. Therefore, we put most
 487 // of these xxx::serialize() functions inside AOTMetaspace::serialize(), which
 488 // is called AFTER we made the decision to map the archive.
 489 //
 490 // However, some of the "serialized" data are used to decide whether an archive should
 491 // be mapped or not (e.g., for checking if the -Djdk.module.main property is compatible
 492 // with the archive). The xxx::serialize() functions for these data must be put inside
 493 // AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(). Such functions must not produce side effects that
 494 // assume we will always decides to map the archive.
 495 
 496 void AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 497   int tag = 0;
 498   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 499   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Modules::serialize_archived_module_info(soc);)
 500   soc->do_tag(666);
 501 }
 502 
 503 void AOTMetaspace::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 504   int tag = 0;
 505   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 506 
 507   // Verify the sizes of various metadata in the system.
 508   soc->do_tag(sizeof(Method));
 509   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstMethod));
 510   soc->do_tag(arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE));
 511   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPool));
 512   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPoolCache));
 513   soc->do_tag(refArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes());
 514   soc->do_tag(typeArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE));
 515   soc->do_tag(sizeof(Symbol));
 516 
 517   // Need to do this first, as subsequent steps may call virtual functions
 518   // in archived Metadata objects.
 519   CppVtables::serialize(soc);
 520   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 521 
 522   // Dump/restore miscellaneous metadata.
 523   JavaClasses::serialize_offsets(soc);
 524   Universe::serialize(soc);
 525   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 526 
 527   // Dump/restore references to commonly used names and signatures.
 528   vmSymbols::serialize(soc);
 529   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 530 
 531   // Dump/restore the symbol/string/subgraph_info tables
 532   SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 533   StringTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 534   HeapShared::serialize_tables(soc);
 535   SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_dictionary_headers(soc);
 536   AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::serialize(soc);
 537   FinalImageRecipes::serialize(soc);
 538   TrainingData::serialize(soc);
 539   InstanceMirrorKlass::serialize_offsets(soc);
 540 
 541   // Dump/restore well known classes (pointers)
 542   SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_vm_classes(soc);
 543   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 544 
 545   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(ClassLoaderDataShared::serialize(soc);)
 546   soc->do_ptr((void**)&_archived_method_handle_intrinsics);
 547 
 548   LambdaFormInvokers::serialize(soc);
 549   AdapterHandlerLibrary::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 550 
 551   soc->do_tag(666);
 552 }
 553 
 554 // In AOTCache workflow, when dumping preimage, the constant pool entries are stored in unresolved state.
 555 // So the fast version of getfield/putfield needs to be converted to nofast version.
 556 // When dumping the final image in the assembly phase, these nofast versions are converted back to fast versions
 557 // if the constant pool entry refered by these bytecodes is stored in resolved state.
 558 // Same principle applies to static and dynamic archives. If the constant pool entry is in resolved state, then
 559 // the fast version of the bytecodes can be preserved, else use the nofast version.
 560 //
 561 // The fast versions of aload_0 (i.e. _fast_Xaccess_0) merges the bytecode pair (aload_0, fast_Xgetfield).
 562 // If the fast version of aload_0 is preserved in AOTCache, then the JVMTI notifications for field access and
 563 // breakpoint events will be skipped for the second bytecode (fast_Xgetfield) in the pair.
 564 // Same holds for fast versions of iload_0. So for these bytecodes, nofast version is used.
 565 static void rewrite_bytecodes(const methodHandle& method) {
 566   ConstantPool* cp = method->constants();
 567   BytecodeStream bcs(method);
 568   Bytecodes::Code new_code;
 569 
 570   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) lsh;
 571   if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
 572     lsh.print("Rewriting bytecodes for ");
 573     method()->print_external_name(&lsh);
 574     lsh.print("\n");
 575   }
 576 
 577   while (!bcs.is_last_bytecode()) {
 578     Bytecodes::Code opcode = bcs.next();
 579     // Use current opcode as the default value of new_code
 580     new_code = opcode;
 581     switch(opcode) {
 582     case Bytecodes::_getfield: {
 583       uint rfe_index = bcs.get_index_u2();
 584       bool is_resolved = cp->is_resolved(rfe_index, opcode);
 585       if (is_resolved) {
 586         assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "preimage should not have resolved field references");
 587         ResolvedFieldEntry* rfe = cp->resolved_field_entry_at(bcs.get_index_u2());
 588         switch(rfe->tos_state()) {
 589         case btos:
 590           // fallthrough
 591         case ztos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_bgetfield; break;
 592         case atos: {
 593           if (rfe->is_flat()) {
 594             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_vgetfield;
 595           } else {
 596             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_agetfield;
 597           }
 598           break;
 599         }
 600         case itos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_igetfield; break;
 601         case ctos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_cgetfield; break;
 602         case stos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_sgetfield; break;
 603         case ltos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_lgetfield; break;
 604         case ftos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_fgetfield; break;
 605         case dtos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_dgetfield; break;
 606         default:
 607           ShouldNotReachHere();
 608           break;
 609         }
 610       } else {
 611         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_getfield;
 612       }
 613       break;
 614     }
 615     case Bytecodes::_putfield: {
 616       uint rfe_index = bcs.get_index_u2();
 617       bool is_resolved = cp->is_resolved(rfe_index, opcode);
 618       if (is_resolved) {
 619         assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "preimage should not have resolved field references");
 620         ResolvedFieldEntry* rfe = cp->resolved_field_entry_at(bcs.get_index_u2());
 621         switch(rfe->tos_state()) {
 622         case btos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_bputfield; break;
 623         case ztos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_zputfield; break;
 624         case atos: {
 625           if (rfe->is_flat() || rfe->is_null_free_inline_type()) {
 626             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_vputfield;
 627           } else {
 628             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_aputfield;
 629           }
 630           break;
 631         }
 632         case itos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_iputfield; break;
 633         case ctos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_cputfield; break;
 634         case stos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_sputfield; break;
 635         case ltos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_lputfield; break;
 636         case ftos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_fputfield; break;
 637         case dtos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_dputfield; break;
 638         default:
 639           ShouldNotReachHere();
 640           break;
 641         }
 642       } else {
 643         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield;
 644       }
 645       break;
 646     }
 647     case Bytecodes::_aload_0:
 648       // Revert _fast_Xaccess_0 or _aload_0 to _nofast_aload_0
 649       new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_aload_0;
 650       break;
 651     case Bytecodes::_iload:
 652       if (!bcs.is_wide()) {
 653         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_iload;
 654       }
 655       break;
 656     default:
 657       break;
 658     }
 659     if (opcode != new_code) {
 660       *bcs.bcp() = new_code;
 661       if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
 662         lsh.print_cr("%d:%s -> %s", bcs.bci(), Bytecodes::name(opcode), Bytecodes::name(new_code));
 663       }
 664     }
 665   }
 666 }
 667 
 668 // [1] Rewrite all bytecodes as needed, so that the ConstMethod* will not be modified
 669 //     at run time by RewriteBytecodes/RewriteFrequentPairs
 670 // [2] Assign a fingerprint, so one doesn't need to be assigned at run-time.
 671 void AOTMetaspace::rewrite_bytecodes_and_calculate_fingerprints(Thread* thread, InstanceKlass* ik) {
 672   for (int i = 0; i < ik->methods()->length(); i++) {
 673     methodHandle m(thread, ik->methods()->at(i));
 674     if (ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() && ik->is_linked()) {
 675       rewrite_bytecodes(m);
 676     }
 677     Fingerprinter fp(m);
 678     // The side effect of this call sets method's fingerprint field.
 679     fp.fingerprint();
 680   }
 681 }
 682 
 683 class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace : public VM_Operation {
 684 private:
 685   AOTMappedHeapInfo _mapped_heap_info;
 686   AOTStreamedHeapInfo _streamed_heap_info;
 687   FileMapInfo* _map_info;
 688   StaticArchiveBuilder& _builder;
 689 
 690   void dump_java_heap_objects();
 691   void dump_shared_symbol_table(GrowableArray<Symbol*>* symbols) {
 692     log_info(aot)("Dumping symbol table ...");
 693     SymbolTable::write_to_archive(symbols);
 694   }
 695   char* dump_early_read_only_tables();
 696   char* dump_read_only_tables(AOTClassLocationConfig*& cl_config);
 697 
 698 public:
 699 
 700   VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace(StaticArchiveBuilder& b, FileMapInfo* map_info) :
 701     VM_Operation(), _mapped_heap_info(), _streamed_heap_info(), _map_info(map_info), _builder(b) {}
 702 
 703   bool skip_operation() const { return false; }
 704 
 705   VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_PopulateDumpSharedSpace; }
 706   AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info()  { return &_mapped_heap_info; }
 707   AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info()  { return &_streamed_heap_info; }
 708   void doit();   // outline because gdb sucks
 709   bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const { return true; }
 710 }; // class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace
 711 
 712 class StaticArchiveBuilder : public ArchiveBuilder {
 713 public:
 714   StaticArchiveBuilder() : ArchiveBuilder() {}
 715 
 716   virtual void iterate_roots(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 717     AOTArtifactFinder::all_cached_classes_do(it);
 718     SystemDictionaryShared::dumptime_classes_do(it);
 719     Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 720     vmSymbols::metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 721     TrainingData::iterate_roots(it);
 722     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 723       ClassLoaderDataShared::iterate_roots(it);
 724     }
 725 
 726     // The above code should find all the symbols that are referenced by the
 727     // archived classes. We just need to add the extra symbols which
 728     // may not be used by any of the archived classes -- these are usually
 729     // symbols that we anticipate to be used at run time, so we can store
 730     // them in the RO region, to be shared across multiple processes.
 731     if (_extra_symbols != nullptr) {
 732       for (int i = 0; i < _extra_symbols->length(); i++) {
 733         it->push(_extra_symbols->adr_at(i));
 734       }
 735     }
 736 
 737     for (int i = 0; i < _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length(); i++) {
 738       it->push(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics->adr_at(i));
 739     }
 740   }
 741 };
 742 
 743 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_early_read_only_tables() {
 744   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 745 
 746   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Modules::dump_archived_module_info());
 747 
 748   DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region();
 749   char* start = ro_region->top();
 750   WriteClosure wc(ro_region);
 751   AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(&wc);
 752   return start;
 753 }
 754 
 755 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_read_only_tables(AOTClassLocationConfig*& cl_config) {
 756   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 757 
 758   SystemDictionaryShared::write_to_archive();
 759   cl_config = AOTClassLocationConfig::dumptime()->write_to_archive();
 760   AOTClassLinker::write_to_archive();
 761   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 762     FinalImageRecipes::record_recipes();
 763   }
 764 
 765   TrainingData::dump_training_data();
 766 
 767   AOTMetaspace::write_method_handle_intrinsics();
 768 
 769   // Write lambform lines into archive
 770   LambdaFormInvokers::dump_static_archive_invokers();
 771 
 772   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_adapters()) {
 773     AdapterHandlerLibrary::dump_aot_adapter_table();
 774   }
 775 
 776   // Write the other data to the output array.
 777   DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region();
 778   char* start = ro_region->top();
 779   WriteClosure wc(ro_region);
 780   AOTMetaspace::serialize(&wc);
 781 
 782   return start;
 783 }
 784 
 785 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::doit() {
 786   CDSConfig::set_is_at_aot_safepoint(true);
 787 
 788   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 789     guarantee(!CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "We should not be using an archive when we dump");
 790   }
 791 
 792   DEBUG_ONLY(SystemDictionaryShared::NoClassLoadingMark nclm);
 793 
 794   _pending_method_handle_intrinsics = new (mtClassShared) GrowableArray<Method*>(256, mtClassShared);
 795   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 796     // When dumping AOT-linked classes, some classes may have direct references to a method handle
 797     // intrinsic. The easiest thing is to save all of them into the AOT cache.
 798     SystemDictionary::get_all_method_handle_intrinsics(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics);
 799   }
 800 
 801   AOTClassLocationConfig::dumptime_check_nonempty_dirs();
 802 
 803   NOT_PRODUCT(SystemDictionary::verify();)
 804 
 805   // Block concurrent class unloading from changing the _dumptime_table
 806   MutexLocker ml(DumpTimeTable_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 807 
 808   _builder.gather_source_objs();
 809   _builder.reserve_buffer();
 810 
 811   CppVtables::dumptime_init(&_builder);
 812 
 813   _builder.sort_metadata_objs();
 814   _builder.dump_rw_metadata();
 815   _builder.dump_ro_metadata();
 816   _builder.relocate_metaspaceobj_embedded_pointers();
 817 
 818   log_info(aot)("Make classes shareable");
 819   _builder.make_klasses_shareable();
 820   AOTMetaspace::make_method_handle_intrinsics_shareable();
 821 
 822   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 823     ClassLoaderDataShared::remove_unshareable_info();
 824   }
 825 
 826   dump_java_heap_objects();
 827   dump_shared_symbol_table(_builder.symbols());
 828 
 829   char* early_serialized_data = dump_early_read_only_tables();
 830   AOTClassLocationConfig* cl_config;
 831   char* serialized_data = dump_read_only_tables(cl_config);
 832 
 833   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_lambdas_in_legacy_mode()) {
 834     log_info(aot)("Adjust lambda proxy class dictionary");
 835     LambdaProxyClassDictionary::adjust_dumptime_table();
 836   }
 837 
 838   log_info(cds)("Make training data shareable");
 839   _builder.make_training_data_shareable();
 840 
 841   // The vtable clones contain addresses of the current process.
 842   // We don't want to write these addresses into the archive.
 843   CppVtables::zero_archived_vtables();
 844 
 845   // Write the archive file
 846   _map_info->populate_header(AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment());
 847   _map_info->set_early_serialized_data(early_serialized_data);
 848   _map_info->set_serialized_data(serialized_data);
 849   _map_info->set_cloned_vtables(CppVtables::vtables_serialized_base());
 850   _map_info->header()->set_class_location_config(cl_config);
 851 
 852   HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
 853   CDSConfig::set_is_at_aot_safepoint(false);
 854 }
 855 
 856 class CollectClassesForLinking : public KlassClosure {
 857   GrowableArray<OopHandle> _mirrors;
 858 
 859 public:
 860    CollectClassesForLinking() : _mirrors() {
 861      // ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_classes_do_keepalive() requires ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock.
 862      // We cannot link the classes while holding this lock (or else we may run into deadlock).
 863      // Therefore, we need to first collect all the classes, keeping them alive by
 864      // holding onto their java_mirrors in global OopHandles. We then link the classes after
 865      // releasing the lock.
 866      MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 867      ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_classes_do_keepalive(this);
 868    }
 869 
 870   ~CollectClassesForLinking() {
 871     for (int i = 0; i < _mirrors.length(); i++) {
 872       _mirrors.at(i).release(Universe::vm_global());
 873     }
 874   }
 875 
 876   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 877     assert(cld->is_alive(), "must be");
 878   }
 879 
 880   void do_klass(Klass* k) {
 881     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 882       _mirrors.append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), k->java_mirror()));
 883     }
 884   }
 885 
 886   const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors() const { return &_mirrors; }
 887 };
 888 
 889 // Check if we can eagerly link this class at dump time, so we can avoid the
 890 // runtime linking overhead (especially verification)
 891 bool AOTMetaspace::may_be_eagerly_linked(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 892   if (!ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime()) {
 893     // For old classes, try to leave them in the unlinked state, so
 894     // we can still store them in the archive. They must be
 895     // linked/verified at runtime.
 896     return false;
 897   }
 898   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive() && ik->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 899     // Linking of unregistered classes at this stage may cause more
 900     // classes to be resolved, resulting in calls to ClassLoader.loadClass()
 901     // that may not be expected by custom class loaders.
 902     //
 903     // It's OK to do this for the built-in loaders as we know they can
 904     // tolerate this.
 905     return false;
 906   }
 907   return true;
 908 }
 909 
 910 void AOTMetaspace::link_all_loaded_classes(JavaThread* current) {
 911   while (true) {
 912     ResourceMark rm(current);
 913     CollectClassesForLinking collect_classes;
 914     bool has_linked = false;
 915     const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors = collect_classes.mirrors();
 916     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {
 917       OopHandle mirror = mirrors->at(i);
 918       InstanceKlass* ik = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror.resolve());
 919       if (may_be_eagerly_linked(ik)) {
 920         has_linked |= try_link_class(current, ik);
 921       }
 922     }
 923 
 924     if (!has_linked) {
 925       break;
 926     }
 927     // Class linking includes verification which may load more classes.
 928     // Keep scanning until we have linked no more classes.
 929   }
 930 }
 931 
 932 void AOTMetaspace::link_shared_classes(TRAPS) {
 933   AOTClassLinker::initialize();
 934   AOTClassInitializer::init_test_class(CHECK);
 935 
 936   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 937     // - Load and link all classes used in the training run.
 938     // - Initialize @AOTSafeClassInitializer classes that were
 939     //   initialized in the training run.
 940     // - Perform per-class optimization such as AOT-resolution of
 941     //   constant pool entries that were resolved during the training run.
 942     FinalImageRecipes::apply_recipes(CHECK);
 943 
 944     // Because the AOT assembly phase does not run the same exact code as in the
 945     // training run (e.g., we use different lambda form invoker classes;
 946     // generated lambda form classes are not recorded in FinalImageRecipes),
 947     // the recipes do not cover all classes that have been loaded so far. As
 948     // a result, we might have some unlinked classes at this point. Since we
 949     // require cached classes to be linked, all such classes will be linked
 950     // by the following step.
 951   }
 952 
 953   link_all_loaded_classes(THREAD);
 954 
 955   // Eargerly resolve all string constants in constant pools
 956   {
 957     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 958     CollectClassesForLinking collect_classes;
 959     const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors = collect_classes.mirrors();
 960     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {
 961       OopHandle mirror = mirrors->at(i);
 962       InstanceKlass* ik = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror.resolve());
 963       AOTConstantPoolResolver::preresolve_string_cp_entries(ik, CHECK);
 964     }
 965   }
 966 }
 967 
 968 void AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(TRAPS) {
 969   CDSConfig::DumperThreadMark dumper_thread_mark(THREAD);
 970   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 971   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 972 
 973  if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 974    if (AOTPrintTrainingInfo) {
 975      tty->print_cr("==================== archived_training_data ** before dumping ====================");
 976      TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
 977    }
 978    LogStreamHandle(Info, aot, training, data) log;
 979    if (log.is_enabled()) {
 980      TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(&log);
 981    }
 982  }
 983 
 984 
 985   StaticArchiveBuilder builder;
 986   dump_static_archive_impl(builder, THREAD);
 987   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 988     if (PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass())) {
 989       aot_log_error(aot)("Out of memory. Please run with a larger Java heap, current MaxHeapSize = "
 990                      "%zuM", MaxHeapSize/M);
 991       AOTMetaspace::writing_error();
 992     } else {
 993       oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 994       aot_log_error(aot)("%s: %s", PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->external_name(),
 995                          message == nullptr ? "(null)" : java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message));
 996       AOTMetaspace::writing_error(err_msg("Unexpected exception, use -Xlog:aot%s,exceptions=trace for detail",
 997                                              CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "" : ",cds"));
 998     }
 999   }
1000 
1001   if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1002     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1003       // We are in the JVM that runs the training run. Continue execution,
1004       // so that it can finish all clean-up and return the correct exit
1005       // code to the OS.
1006     } else {
1007       // The JLI launcher only recognizes the "old" -Xshare:dump flag.
1008       // When the new -XX:AOTMode=create flag is used, we can't return
1009       // to the JLI launcher, as the launcher will fail when trying to
1010       // run the main class, which is not what we want.
1011       struct stat st;
1012       if (os::stat(AOTCache, &st) != 0) {
1013         tty->print_cr("AOTCache creation failed: %s", AOTCache);
1014       } else {
1015         tty->print_cr("AOTCache creation is complete: %s " INT64_FORMAT " bytes", AOTCache, (int64_t)(st.st_size));
1016       }
1017       vm_direct_exit(0);
1018     }
1019   }
1020 }
1021 
1022 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && defined(_LP64)
1023 void AOTMetaspace::init_heap_settings() {
1024   if (UseCompressedOops) {
1025     if (!AOTCodeCache::is_caching_enabled()) {
1026       // We don't need it -- always disable for better jitted code.
1027       FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTCompatibleOopCompression, false);
1028     } else if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1029       // Obey the command-line switch. Do not override
1030     } else if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
1031       precond(FileMapInfo::current_info() == nullptr);
1032       FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = open_static_archive();
1033       if (static_mapinfo != nullptr && static_mapinfo->header()->compatible_oop_compression()) {
1034         // Use the same setting as recorded in the archive.
1035         FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTCompatibleOopCompression, true);
1036       }
1037     }
1038   }
1039 
1040   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() || UseCompressedOops) {
1041     return;
1042   }
1043   // CDS heap dumping requires all string oops to have an offset
1044   // from the heap bottom that can be encoded in 32-bit.
1045   julong max_heap_size = (julong)(4 * G);
1046 
1047   if (MinHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1048     log_debug(aot)("Setting MinHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", MinHeapSize/M);
1049     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MinHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1050   }
1051   if (InitialHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1052     log_debug(aot)("Setting InitialHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", InitialHeapSize/M);
1053     FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1054   }
1055   if (MaxHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1056     log_debug(aot)("Setting MaxHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", MaxHeapSize/M);
1057     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MaxHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1058   }
1059 }
1060 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && _LP64
1061 
1062 void AOTMetaspace::get_default_classlist(char* default_classlist, const size_t buf_size) {
1063   const char* filesep = os::file_separator();
1064   jio_snprintf(default_classlist, buf_size, "%s%slib%sclasslist",
1065                Arguments::get_java_home(), filesep, filesep);
1066 }
1067 
1068 void AOTMetaspace::load_classes(TRAPS) {
1069   char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
1070   const char* classlist_path;
1071 
1072   get_default_classlist(default_classlist, JVM_MAXPATHLEN);
1073   if (SharedClassListFile == nullptr) {
1074     classlist_path = default_classlist;
1075   } else {
1076     classlist_path = SharedClassListFile;
1077   }
1078 
1079   aot_log_info(aot)("Loading classes to share ...");
1080   ClassListParser::parse_classlist(classlist_path,
1081                                    ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1082   if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) {
1083     ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile,
1084                                      ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1085   }
1086   if (classlist_path != default_classlist) {
1087     struct stat statbuf;
1088     if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) {
1089       // File exists, let's use it.
1090       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist,
1091                                        ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK);
1092     }
1093   }
1094 
1095   // Some classes are used at CDS runtime but are not yet loaded at this point.
1096   // We can perform dummmy calls to these classes at dumptime to ensure they
1097   // are archived.
1098   exercise_runtime_cds_code(CHECK);
1099 
1100   aot_log_info(aot)("Loading classes to share: done.");
1101 }
1102 
1103 void AOTMetaspace::exercise_runtime_cds_code(TRAPS) {
1104   // Exercise the manifest processing code
1105   const char* dummy = "Manifest-Version: 1.0\n";
1106   CDSProtectionDomain::create_jar_manifest(dummy, strlen(dummy), CHECK);
1107 
1108   // Exercise FileSystem and URL code
1109   CDSProtectionDomain::to_file_URL("dummy.jar", Handle(), CHECK);
1110 }
1111 
1112 bool AOTMetaspace::preimage_static_archive_dumped() {
1113   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "Required");
1114   return AtomicAccess::load_acquire(&_preimage_static_archive_dumped) == 1;
1115 }
1116 
1117 void AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive_impl(StaticArchiveBuilder& builder, TRAPS) {
1118   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1119     // When dumping to the AOT configuration file ensure this function is only executed once.
1120     // Multiple invocations may happen via JCmd, during VM exit or other means (in the future)
1121     // from different threads and possibly concurrently.
1122     if (AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(&_preimage_static_archive_dumped, 0, 1) != 0) {
1123       return;
1124     }
1125   }
1126 
1127   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_classic_static_archive()) {
1128     // We are running with -Xshare:dump
1129     load_classes(CHECK);
1130 
1131     if (SharedArchiveConfigFile) {
1132       log_info(aot)("Reading extra data from %s ...", SharedArchiveConfigFile);
1133       read_extra_data(THREAD, SharedArchiveConfigFile);
1134       log_info(aot)("Reading extra data: done.");
1135     }
1136   }
1137 
1138   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1139     log_info(aot)("Reading lambda form invokers from JDK default classlist ...");
1140     char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
1141     get_default_classlist(default_classlist, JVM_MAXPATHLEN);
1142     struct stat statbuf;
1143     if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) {
1144       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist,
1145                                        ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK);
1146     }
1147   }
1148 
1149 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
1150   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1151     if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1152       // A single thread is required for Reference handling and deterministic CDS archive.
1153       // Its's not required for dumping preimage, where References won't be archived and
1154       // determinism is not needed.
1155       assert(CDSConfig::allow_only_single_java_thread(), "Required");
1156     }
1157     if (!HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(THREAD)) {
1158       report_loading_error("archivedBootLayer not available, disabling full module graph");
1159       CDSConfig::stop_dumping_full_module_graph();
1160     }
1161     // Do this before link_shared_classes(), as the following line may load new classes.
1162     HeapShared::init_for_dumping(CHECK);
1163   }
1164 #endif
1165 
1166   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1167     if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) {
1168       log_info(aot)("Loading extra classes from %s ...", ExtraSharedClassListFile);
1169       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile,
1170                                        ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1171     }
1172   }
1173 
1174   // Rewrite and link classes
1175   log_info(aot)("Rewriting and linking classes ...");
1176 
1177   // Link any classes which got missed. This would happen if we have loaded classes that
1178   // were not explicitly specified in the classlist. E.g., if an interface implemented by class K
1179   // fails verification, all other interfaces that were not specified in the classlist but
1180   // are implemented by K are not verified.
1181   link_shared_classes(CHECK);
1182   log_info(aot)("Rewriting and linking classes: done");
1183   TrainingData::init_dumptime_table(CHECK); // captures TrainingDataSetLocker
1184 
1185   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_regenerated_lambdaform_invokers()) {
1186     LambdaFormInvokers::regenerate_holder_classes(CHECK);
1187   }
1188 
1189 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
1190   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1191     HeapShared::init_heap_writer();
1192     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
1193       ClassLoaderDataShared::ensure_module_entry_tables_exist();
1194       ClassLoaderDataShared::build_tables(CHECK);
1195       HeapShared::prepare_for_archiving(CHECK);
1196     }
1197 
1198     AOTReferenceObjSupport::initialize(CHECK);
1199     AOTReferenceObjSupport::stabilize_cached_reference_objects(CHECK);
1200   } else {
1201     log_info(aot)("Not dumping heap, reset CDSConfig::_is_using_optimized_module_handling");
1202     CDSConfig::stop_using_optimized_module_handling();
1203   }
1204 #endif
1205 
1206   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1207     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1208       FileMapInfo::free_current_info(); // FIXME: should not free current info
1209     }
1210     open_output_mapinfo();
1211   }
1212 
1213   VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace op(builder, _output_mapinfo);
1214   VMThread::execute(&op);
1215 
1216   if (AOTCodeCache::is_on_for_dump() && CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1217     CDSConfig::enable_dumping_aot_code();
1218     {
1219       builder.start_ac_region();
1220       // Write the contents to AOT code region before packing the region
1221       AOTCodeCache::dump();
1222       builder.end_ac_region();
1223     }
1224     CDSConfig::disable_dumping_aot_code();
1225   }
1226 
1227   bool status = write_static_archive(&builder, _output_mapinfo, op.mapped_heap_info(), op.streamed_heap_info());
1228   assert(!_output_mapinfo->is_open(), "Must be closed already");
1229   _output_mapinfo = nullptr;
1230   if (status && CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1231     tty->print_cr("%s AOTConfiguration recorded: %s",
1232                   CDSConfig::has_temp_aot_config_file() ? "Temporary" : "", AOTConfiguration);
1233     if (CDSConfig::is_single_command_training()) {
1234       fork_and_dump_final_static_archive(CHECK);
1235     }
1236   }
1237 
1238   if (!status) {
1239     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Encountered error while dumping");
1240   }
1241 }
1242 
1243 bool AOTMetaspace::write_static_archive(ArchiveBuilder* builder,
1244                                         FileMapInfo* map_info,
1245                                         AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info,
1246                                         AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
1247   // relocate the data so that it can be mapped to AOTMetaspace::requested_base_address()
1248   // without runtime relocation.
1249   builder->relocate_to_requested();
1250   if (!map_info->is_open()) {
1251     return false;
1252   }
1253   map_info->prepare_for_writing();
1254   builder->write_archive(map_info, mapped_heap_info, streamed_heap_info);
1255   return true;
1256 }
1257 
1258 static void print_java_launcher(outputStream* st) {
1259   st->print("%s%sbin%sjava", Arguments::get_java_home(), os::file_separator(), os::file_separator());
1260 }
1261 
1262 static void append_args(GrowableArray<Handle>* args, const char* arg, TRAPS) {
1263   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str(arg, CHECK);
1264   args->append(string);
1265 }
1266 
1267 // Pass all options in Arguments::jvm_args_array() to a child JVM process
1268 // using the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable.
1269 static int exec_jvm_with_java_tool_options(const char* java_launcher_path, TRAPS) {
1270   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1271   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1272   GrowableArray<Handle> args;
1273 
1274   const char* cp = Arguments::get_appclasspath();
1275   if (cp != nullptr && strlen(cp) > 0 && strcmp(cp, ".") != 0) {
1276     // We cannot use "-cp", because "-cp" is only interpreted by the java launcher,
1277     // and is not interpreter by arguments.cpp when it loads args from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS
1278     stringStream ss;
1279     ss.print("-Djava.class.path=");
1280     ss.print_raw(cp);
1281     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1282     // CDS$ProcessLauncher::execWithJavaToolOptions() must unset CLASSPATH, which has
1283     // a higher priority than -Djava.class.path=
1284   }
1285 
1286   // Pass all arguments. These include those from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS.
1287   for (int i = 0; i < Arguments::num_jvm_args(); i++) {
1288     const char* arg = Arguments::jvm_args_array()[i];
1289     if (strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTCacheOutput=") == arg || // arg starts with ...
1290         strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTConfiguration=") == arg ||
1291         strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTMode=") == arg) {
1292       // Filter these out. They wiill be set below.
1293     } else {
1294       append_args(&args, arg, CHECK_0);
1295     }
1296   }
1297 
1298   // Note: because we are running in AOTMode=record, JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS have not been
1299   // parsed, so they are not in Arguments::jvm_args_array. If JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS is in
1300   // the environment, it will be inherited and parsed by the child JVM process
1301   // in Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable().
1302   precond(strcmp(AOTMode, "record") == 0);
1303 
1304   // We don't pass Arguments::jvm_flags_array(), as those will be added by
1305   // the child process when it loads .hotspotrc
1306 
1307   {
1308     // If AOTCacheOutput contains %p, it should have been already substituted with the
1309     // pid of the training process.
1310     stringStream ss;
1311     ss.print("-XX:AOTCacheOutput=");
1312     ss.print_raw(AOTCacheOutput);
1313     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1314   }
1315   {
1316     // If AOTCacheConfiguration contains %p, it should have been already substituted with the
1317     // pid of the training process.
1318     // If AOTCacheConfiguration was not explicitly specified, it should have been assigned a
1319     // temporary file name.
1320     stringStream ss;
1321     ss.print("-XX:AOTConfiguration=");
1322     ss.print_raw(AOTConfiguration);
1323     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1324   }
1325 
1326   append_args(&args, "-XX:AOTMode=create", CHECK_0);
1327 
1328   Symbol* klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("jdk/internal/misc/CDS$ProcessLauncher");
1329   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, CHECK_0);
1330   Symbol* methodName = SymbolTable::new_symbol("execWithJavaToolOptions");
1331   Symbol* methodSignature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("(Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)I");
1332 
1333   Handle launcher = java_lang_String::create_from_str(java_launcher_path, CHECK_0);
1334   objArrayOop array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::String_klass(), args.length(), CHECK_0);
1335   for (int i = 0; i < args.length(); i++) {
1336     array->obj_at_put(i, args.at(i)());
1337   }
1338   objArrayHandle launcher_args(THREAD, array);
1339 
1340   // The following call will pass all options inside the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS env variable to
1341   // the child process. It will also clear the _JAVA_OPTIONS and CLASSPATH env variables for
1342   // the child process.
1343   //
1344   // Note: the env variables are set only for the child process. They are not changed
1345   // for the current process. See java.lang.ProcessBuilder::environment().
1346   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
1347   JavaCallArguments javacall_args(2);
1348   javacall_args.push_oop(launcher);
1349   javacall_args.push_oop(launcher_args);
1350   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
1351                           InstanceKlass::cast(k),
1352                           methodName,
1353                           methodSignature,
1354                           &javacall_args,
1355                           CHECK_0);
1356   return result.get_jint();
1357 }
1358 
1359 void AOTMetaspace::fork_and_dump_final_static_archive(TRAPS) {
1360   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "sanity");
1361 
1362   ResourceMark rm;
1363   stringStream ss;
1364   print_java_launcher(&ss);
1365   const char* cmd = ss.freeze();
1366   tty->print_cr("Launching child process %s to assemble AOT cache %s using configuration %s", cmd, AOTCacheOutput, AOTConfiguration);
1367   int status = exec_jvm_with_java_tool_options(cmd, CHECK);
1368   if (status != 0) {
1369     log_error(aot)("Child process failed; status = %d", status);
1370     // We leave the temp config file for debugging
1371   } else if (CDSConfig::has_temp_aot_config_file()) {
1372     const char* tmp_config = AOTConfiguration;
1373     // On Windows, need WRITE permission to remove the file.
1374     WINDOWS_ONLY(chmod(tmp_config, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE));
1375     status = remove(tmp_config);
1376     if (status != 0) {
1377       log_error(aot)("Failed to remove temporary AOT configuration file %s", tmp_config);
1378     } else {
1379       tty->print_cr("Removed temporary AOT configuration file %s", tmp_config);
1380     }
1381   }
1382 }
1383 
1384 // Returns true if the class's status has changed.
1385 bool AOTMetaspace::try_link_class(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik) {
1386   ExceptionMark em(current);
1387   JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
1388   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive(), "sanity");
1389 
1390   if (ik->in_aot_cache() && !CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1391     assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive(), "must be");
1392     return false;
1393   }
1394 
1395   if (ik->is_loaded() && !ik->is_linked() && ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() &&
1396       !SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik)) {
1397     bool saved = BytecodeVerificationLocal;
1398     if (ik->defined_by_other_loaders() && ik->class_loader() == nullptr) {
1399       // The verification decision is based on BytecodeVerificationRemote
1400       // for non-system classes. Since we are using the null classloader
1401       // to load non-system classes for customized class loaders during dumping,
1402       // we need to temporarily change BytecodeVerificationLocal to be the same as
1403       // BytecodeVerificationRemote. Note this can cause the parent system
1404       // classes also being verified. The extra overhead is acceptable during
1405       // dumping.
1406       BytecodeVerificationLocal = BytecodeVerificationRemote;
1407     }
1408     ik->link_class(THREAD);
1409     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1410       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1411       oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(current->pending_exception());
1412       aot_log_warning(aot)("Preload Warning: Verification failed for %s because a %s was thrown: %s",
1413                             ik->external_name(),
1414                             current->pending_exception()->klass()->external_name(),
1415                             message == nullptr ? "(no message)" : java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message));
1416       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1417       SystemDictionaryShared::set_class_has_failed_verification(ik);
1418     } else {
1419       assert(!SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik), "sanity");
1420       ik->compute_has_loops_flag_for_methods();
1421     }
1422     BytecodeVerificationLocal = saved;
1423     return true;
1424   } else {
1425     return false;
1426   }
1427 }
1428 
1429 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_java_heap_objects() {
1430   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1431     HeapShared::write_heap(&_mapped_heap_info, &_streamed_heap_info);
1432   } else {
1433     CDSConfig::log_reasons_for_not_dumping_heap();
1434   }
1435 }
1436 
1437 void AOTMetaspace::set_aot_metaspace_range(void* base, void *static_top, void* top) {
1438   assert(base <= static_top && static_top <= top, "must be");
1439   _aot_metaspace_static_top = static_top;
1440   MetaspaceObj::set_aot_metaspace_range(base, top);
1441 }
1442 
1443 bool AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache_dynamic_region(void* p) {
1444   if ((p < MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_top()) &&
1445       (p >= _aot_metaspace_static_top)) {
1446     return true;
1447   } else {
1448     return false;
1449   }
1450 }
1451 
1452 bool AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache_static_region(void* p) {
1453   if (in_aot_cache(p) && !in_aot_cache_dynamic_region(p)) {
1454     return true;
1455   } else {
1456     return false;
1457   }
1458 }
1459 
1460 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to load the specified archive(s) due to one
1461 // of the following conditions.
1462 // - There's an error that indicates that the archive(s) files were corrupt or otherwise damaged.
1463 // - When -XX:+RequireSharedSpaces is specified, AND the JVM cannot load the archive(s) due
1464 //   to version or classpath mismatch.
1465 void AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error(const char* message) {
1466   report_loading_error("%s", message);
1467 
1468   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1469     vm_exit_during_initialization("Must be a valid AOT configuration generated by the current JVM", AOTConfiguration);
1470   } else if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1471     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use AOT cache.", nullptr);
1472   } else {
1473     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive. Unrecoverable archive loading error (run with -Xlog:aot,cds for details)", message);
1474   }
1475 }
1476 
1477 void AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error(const char* format, ...) {
1478   // When using AOT cache, errors messages are always printed on the error channel.
1479   LogStream ls_aot(LogLevel::Error, LogTagSetMapping<LOG_TAGS(aot)>::tagset());
1480 
1481   // If we are loading load the default CDS archive, it may fail due to incompatible VM options.
1482   // Print at the info level to avoid excessive verbosity.
1483   // However, if the user has specified a CDS archive (or AOT cache), they would be interested in
1484   // knowing that the loading fails, so we print at the error level.
1485   LogLevelType level = (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_only_default_archive()) ?
1486                         LogLevel::Info : LogLevel::Error;
1487   LogStream ls_cds(level, LogTagSetMapping<LOG_TAGS(cds)>::tagset());
1488 
1489   LogStream& ls = CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? ls_aot : ls_cds;
1490   if (!ls.is_enabled()) {
1491     return;
1492   }
1493 
1494   va_list ap;
1495   va_start(ap, format);
1496 
1497   static bool printed_error = false;
1498   if (!printed_error) { // No need for locks. Loading error checks happen only in main thread.
1499     ls.print_cr("An error has occurred while processing the %s. Run with -Xlog:%s for details.",
1500                 CDSConfig::type_of_archive_being_loaded(), CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "aot" : "aot,cds");
1501     printed_error = true;
1502   }
1503   ls.vprint_cr(format, ap);
1504 
1505   va_end(ap);
1506 }
1507 
1508 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to write the specified CDS archive due to an
1509 // unrecoverable error.
1510 void AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error(const char* message) {
1511   writing_error(message);
1512   vm_direct_exit(1);
1513 }
1514 
1515 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to write the specified CDS archive due to a
1516 // an error. The error will be propagated
1517 void AOTMetaspace::writing_error(const char* message) {
1518   aot_log_error(aot)("An error has occurred while writing the shared archive file.");
1519   if (message != nullptr) {
1520     aot_log_error(aot)("%s", message);
1521   }
1522 }
1523 
1524 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_runtime_shared_and_meta_spaces() {
1525   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "Must be called when UseSharedSpaces is enabled");
1526   MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1527 
1528   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info(); // may have been opened by init_heap_settings()
1529   if (static_mapinfo == nullptr) {
1530     static_mapinfo = open_static_archive();
1531   }
1532   FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo = nullptr;
1533 
1534   if (static_mapinfo != nullptr) {
1535     aot_log_info(aot)("Core region alignment: %zu", static_mapinfo->core_region_alignment());
1536     dynamic_mapinfo = open_dynamic_archive();
1537 
1538     aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode: %d", ArchiveRelocationMode);
1539 
1540     // First try to map at the requested address
1541     result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, true);
1542     if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE) {
1543       // Mapping has failed (probably due to ASLR). Let's map at an address chosen
1544       // by the OS.
1545       aot_log_info(aot)("Try to map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1546       result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, false);
1547     }
1548   }
1549 
1550   if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1551     bool dynamic_mapped = (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped());
1552     char* cds_base = static_mapinfo->mapped_base();
1553     char* cds_end =  dynamic_mapped ? dynamic_mapinfo->mapped_end() : static_mapinfo->mapped_end();
1554     // Register CDS memory region with LSan.
1555     LSAN_REGISTER_ROOT_REGION(cds_base, cds_end - cds_base);
1556     set_aot_metaspace_range(cds_base, static_mapinfo->mapped_end(), cds_end);
1557     _relocation_delta = static_mapinfo->relocation_delta();
1558     _requested_base_address = static_mapinfo->requested_base_address();
1559     if (dynamic_mapped) {
1560       // turn AutoCreateSharedArchive off if successfully mapped
1561       AutoCreateSharedArchive = false;
1562     }
1563   } else {
1564     set_aot_metaspace_range(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
1565     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
1566       aot_log_warning(aot)("-XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit is unsupported when base CDS archive is not loaded. Run with -Xlog:cds for more info.");
1567     }
1568     UseSharedSpaces = false;
1569     // The base archive cannot be mapped. We cannot dump the dynamic shared archive.
1570     AutoCreateSharedArchive = false;
1571     CDSConfig::disable_dumping_dynamic_archive();
1572     if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
1573       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to use shared archive.");
1574     } else {
1575       if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1576         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1577       } else {
1578         report_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1579       }
1580     }
1581   }
1582 
1583   // If mapping failed and -XShare:on, the vm should exit
1584   bool has_failed = false;
1585   if (static_mapinfo != nullptr && !static_mapinfo->is_mapped()) {
1586     has_failed = true;
1587     delete static_mapinfo;
1588   }
1589   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped()) {
1590     has_failed = true;
1591     delete dynamic_mapinfo;
1592   }
1593   if (RequireSharedSpaces && has_failed) {
1594       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1595   }
1596 }
1597 
1598 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::open_static_archive() {
1599   const char* static_archive = CDSConfig::input_static_archive_path();
1600   assert(static_archive != nullptr, "sanity");
1601   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true);
1602   if (!mapinfo->open_as_input()) {
1603     delete(mapinfo);
1604     log_info(cds)("Opening of static archive %s failed", static_archive);
1605     return nullptr;
1606   }
1607   return mapinfo;
1608 }
1609 
1610 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::open_dynamic_archive() {
1611   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
1612     return nullptr;
1613   }
1614   const char* dynamic_archive = CDSConfig::input_dynamic_archive_path();
1615   if (dynamic_archive == nullptr) {
1616     return nullptr;
1617   }
1618 
1619   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(dynamic_archive, false);
1620   if (!mapinfo->open_as_input()) {
1621     delete(mapinfo);
1622     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1623       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Failed to initialize dynamic archive");
1624     }
1625     return nullptr;
1626   }
1627   return mapinfo;
1628 }
1629 
1630 // use_requested_addr:
1631 //  true  = map at FileMapHeader::_requested_base_address
1632 //  false = map at an alternative address picked by OS.
1633 MapArchiveResult AOTMetaspace::map_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo, FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo,
1634                                             bool use_requested_addr) {
1635   if (use_requested_addr && static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() == nullptr) {
1636     aot_log_info(aot)("Archive(s) were created with -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0. Always map at os-selected address.");
1637     return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1638   }
1639 
1640   PRODUCT_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) {
1641       // For product build only -- this is for benchmarking the cost of doing relocation.
1642       // For debug builds, the check is done below, after reserving the space, for better test coverage
1643       // (see comment below).
1644       aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1645       return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1646     });
1647 
1648   if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 2 && !use_requested_addr) {
1649     aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 2: never map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1650     return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1651   };
1652 
1653   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
1654     // Ensure that the OS won't be able to allocate new memory spaces between the two
1655     // archives, or else it would mess up the simple comparison in MetaspaceObj::in_aot_cache().
1656     assert(static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() == dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_base_offset(), "no gap");
1657   }
1658 
1659   ReservedSpace total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs;
1660   MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1661   size_t prot_zone_size = 0;
1662   char* mapped_base_address = reserve_address_space_for_archives(static_mapinfo,
1663                                                                  dynamic_mapinfo,
1664                                                                  use_requested_addr,
1665                                                                  total_space_rs,
1666                                                                  archive_space_rs,
1667                                                                  class_space_rs);
1668   if (mapped_base_address == nullptr) {
1669     result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1670     aot_log_debug(aot)("Failed to reserve spaces (use_requested_addr=%u)", (unsigned)use_requested_addr);
1671   } else {
1672 
1673     CLASS_SPACE_ONLY(prot_zone_size = protection_zone_size();)
1674 
1675     // Some sanity checks after reserving address spaces for archives
1676     //  and class space.
1677     assert(archive_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Sanity");
1678 
1679 #if INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
1680     assert(archive_space_rs.base() == mapped_base_address &&
1681         archive_space_rs.size() > protection_zone_size(),
1682         "Archive space must lead and include the protection zone");
1683     // Class space must closely follow the archive space. Both spaces
1684     //  must be aligned correctly.
1685     assert(class_space_rs.is_reserved() && class_space_rs.size() > 0,
1686            "A class space should have been reserved");
1687     assert(class_space_rs.base() >= archive_space_rs.end(),
1688            "class space should follow the cds archive space");
1689     assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(),
1690                       core_region_alignment()),
1691            "Archive space misaligned");
1692     assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(),
1693                       Metaspace::reserve_alignment()),
1694            "class space misaligned");
1695 #endif // INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
1696 
1697     aot_log_info(aot)("Reserved archive_space_rs [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (%zu) bytes%s",
1698                    p2i(archive_space_rs.base()), p2i(archive_space_rs.end()), archive_space_rs.size(),
1699                    (prot_zone_size > 0 ? " (includes protection zone)" : ""));
1700     aot_log_info(aot)("Reserved class_space_rs   [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (%zu) bytes",
1701                    p2i(class_space_rs.base()), p2i(class_space_rs.end()), class_space_rs.size());
1702 
1703     if (AOTMetaspace::use_windows_memory_mapping()) {
1704       // We have now reserved address space for the archives, and will map in
1705       //  the archive files into this space.
1706       //
1707       // Special handling for Windows: on Windows we cannot map a file view
1708       //  into an existing memory mapping. So, we unmap the address range we
1709       //  just reserved again, which will make it available for mapping the
1710       //  archives.
1711       // Reserving this range has not been for naught however since it makes
1712       //  us reasonably sure the address range is available.
1713       //
1714       // But still it may fail, since between unmapping the range and mapping
1715       //  in the archive someone else may grab the address space. Therefore
1716       //  there is a fallback in FileMap::map_region() where we just read in
1717       //  the archive files sequentially instead of mapping it in. We couple
1718       //  this with use_requested_addr, since we're going to patch all the
1719       //  pointers anyway so there's no benefit to mmap.
1720       if (use_requested_addr) {
1721         assert(!total_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Should not be reserved for Windows");
1722         aot_log_info(aot)("Windows mmap workaround: releasing archive space.");
1723         MemoryReserver::release(archive_space_rs);
1724         // Mark as not reserved
1725         archive_space_rs = {};
1726         // The protection zone is part of the archive:
1727         // See comment above, the Windows way of loading CDS is to mmap the individual
1728         // parts of the archive into the address region we just vacated. The protection
1729         // zone will not be mapped (and, in fact, does not exist as physical region in
1730         // the archive). Therefore, after removing the archive space above, we must
1731         // re-reserve the protection zone part lest something else gets mapped into that
1732         // area later.
1733         if (prot_zone_size > 0) {
1734           assert(prot_zone_size >= os::vm_allocation_granularity(), "must be"); // not just page size!
1735           char* p = os::attempt_reserve_memory_at(mapped_base_address, prot_zone_size,
1736                                                   mtClassShared);
1737           assert(p == mapped_base_address || p == nullptr, "must be");
1738           if (p == nullptr) {
1739             aot_log_debug(aot)("Failed to re-reserve protection zone");
1740             return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1741           }
1742         }
1743       }
1744     }
1745 
1746     if (prot_zone_size > 0) {
1747       os::commit_memory(mapped_base_address, prot_zone_size, false); // will later be protected
1748       // Before mapping the core regions into the newly established address space, we mark
1749       // start and the end of the future protection zone with canaries. That way we easily
1750       // catch mapping errors (accidentally mapping data into the future protection zone).
1751       *(mapped_base_address) = 'P';
1752       *(mapped_base_address + prot_zone_size - 1) = 'P';
1753     }
1754 
1755     MapArchiveResult static_result = map_archive(static_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs);
1756     MapArchiveResult dynamic_result = (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) ?
1757                                      map_archive(dynamic_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs) : MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1758 
1759     DEBUG_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) {
1760       // This is for simulating mmap failures at the requested address. In
1761       //  debug builds, we do it here (after all archives have possibly been
1762       //  mapped), so we can thoroughly test the code for failure handling
1763       //  (releasing all allocated resource, etc).
1764       aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1765       if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1766         static_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1767       }
1768       if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1769         dynamic_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1770       }
1771     });
1772 
1773     if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1774       if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1775         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
1776       } else if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) {
1777         assert(dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped(), "must have failed");
1778         // No need to retry mapping the dynamic archive again, as it will never succeed
1779         // (bad file, etc) -- just keep the base archive.
1780         log_warning(cds, dynamic)("Unable to use shared archive. The top archive failed to load: %s",
1781                                   dynamic_mapinfo->full_path());
1782         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
1783         // TODO, we can give the unused space for the dynamic archive to class_space_rs, but there's no
1784         // easy API to do that right now.
1785       } else {
1786         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1787       }
1788     } else if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) {
1789       result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1790     } else {
1791       result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1792     }
1793   }
1794 
1795   if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1796     SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)mapped_base_address;
1797 #if INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
1798     assert(prot_zone_size > 0 &&
1799            *(mapped_base_address) == 'P' &&
1800            *(mapped_base_address + prot_zone_size - 1) == 'P',
1801            "Protection zone was overwritten?");
1802     // Set up ccs in metaspace.
1803     Metaspace::initialize_class_space(class_space_rs);
1804 
1805     // Set up compressed Klass pointer encoding: the encoding range must
1806     //  cover both archive and class space.
1807     const address klass_range_start = (address)mapped_base_address;
1808     const size_t klass_range_size = (address)class_space_rs.end() - klass_range_start;
1809     if (INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP || UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
1810       // The CDS archive may contain narrow Klass IDs that were precomputed at archive generation time:
1811       // - every archived java object header (only if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP)
1812       // - every archived Klass' prototype   (only if +UseCompactObjectHeaders)
1813       //
1814       // In order for those IDs to still be valid, we need to dictate base and shift: base should be the
1815       // mapping start (including protection zone), shift should be the shift used at archive generation time.
1816       CompressedKlassPointers::initialize_for_given_encoding(
1817         klass_range_start, klass_range_size,
1818         klass_range_start, ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift() // precomputed encoding, see ArchiveBuilder
1819       );
1820       assert(CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start, "must be");
1821     } else {
1822       // Let JVM freely choose encoding base and shift
1823       CompressedKlassPointers::initialize(klass_range_start, klass_range_size);
1824       assert(CompressedKlassPointers::base() == nullptr ||
1825              CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start, "must be");
1826     }
1827     // Establish protection zone, but only if we need one
1828     if (CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start) {
1829       CompressedKlassPointers::establish_protection_zone(klass_range_start, prot_zone_size);
1830     }
1831 
1832     if (static_mapinfo->can_use_heap_region()) {
1833       if (static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode()) {
1834         HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode::_streaming);
1835       } else {
1836         // map_or_load_heap_region() compares the current narrow oop and klass encodings
1837         // with the archived ones, so it must be done after all encodings are determined.
1838         static_mapinfo->map_or_load_heap_region();
1839         HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode::_mapping);
1840       }
1841     } else {
1842       FileMapRegion* r = static_mapinfo->region_at(AOTMetaspace::hp);
1843       if (r->used() > 0) {
1844         AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data.");
1845       }
1846       if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive()) {
1847         CDSConfig::stop_using_full_module_graph("No CDS heap data");
1848       }
1849     }
1850 #endif // INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
1851     log_info(aot)("initial optimized module handling: %s", CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() ? "enabled" : "disabled");
1852     log_info(aot)("initial full module graph: %s", CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph() ? "enabled" : "disabled");
1853   } else {
1854     unmap_archive(static_mapinfo);
1855     unmap_archive(dynamic_mapinfo);
1856     release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs);
1857   }
1858 
1859   return result;
1860 }
1861 
1862 
1863 // This will reserve two address spaces suitable to house Klass structures, one
1864 //  for the cds archives (static archive and optionally dynamic archive) and
1865 //  optionally one move for ccs.
1866 //
1867 // Since both spaces must fall within the compressed class pointer encoding
1868 //  range, they are allocated close to each other.
1869 //
1870 // Space for archives will be reserved first, followed by a potential gap,
1871 //  followed by the space for ccs:
1872 //
1873 // +-- Base address             A        B                     End
1874 // |                            |        |                      |
1875 // v                            v        v                      v
1876 // +-------------+--------------+        +----------------------+
1877 // | static arc  | [dyn. arch]  | [gap]  | compr. class space   |
1878 // +-------------+--------------+        +----------------------+
1879 //
1880 // (The gap may result from different alignment requirements between metaspace
1881 //  and CDS)
1882 //
1883 // The range encompassing both spaces will be suitable to en/decode narrow Klass
1884 //  pointers: the base will be valid for encoding the range [Base, End) and not
1885 //  surpass the max. range for that encoding.
1886 //
1887 // On 32-bit, a "narrow" Klass is just the pointer itself, and the Klass encoding
1888 //  range encompasses the whole address range. Consequently, we can "decode" and
1889 //  "encode" any pointer anywhere, and so are free to place the CDS archive anywhere:
1890 //
1891 // +-- Base address             End
1892 // |                            |
1893 // v                            v
1894 // +-------------+--------------+
1895 // | static arc  | [dyn. arch]  |
1896 // +-------------+--------------+
1897 //
1898 // Base address: If use_archive_base_addr address is true, the Base address is
1899 //  determined by the address stored in the static archive. If
1900 //  use_archive_base_addr address is false, this base address is determined
1901 //  by the platform.
1902 //
1903 // Return:
1904 //
1905 // - On success:
1906 //    - total_space_rs will be reserved as whole for archive_space_rs and
1907 //      class_space_rs on 64-bit.
1908 //      On Windows, try reserve archive_space_rs and class_space_rs
1909 //      separately first if use_archive_base_addr is true.
1910 //    - archive_space_rs will be reserved and large enough to host static and
1911 //      if needed dynamic archive: [Base, A).
1912 //      archive_space_rs.base and size will be aligned to CDS reserve
1913 //      granularity.
1914 //    - class_space_rs: On 64-bit, class_space_rs will be reserved. Its start
1915 //      address will be aligned to metaspace reserve alignment, which may differ
1916 //      from CDS alignment. It will follow the cds archive space, close enough
1917 //      such that narrow class pointer encoding covers both spaces.
1918 // - On error: null is returned and the spaces remain unreserved.
1919 char* AOTMetaspace::reserve_address_space_for_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo,
1920                                                        FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo,
1921                                                        bool use_archive_base_addr,
1922                                                        ReservedSpace& total_space_rs,
1923                                                        ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs,
1924                                                        ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) {
1925 
1926   address const base_address = (address) (use_archive_base_addr ? static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() : nullptr);
1927   const size_t archive_space_alignment = core_region_alignment();
1928 
1929   // Size and requested location of the archive_space_rs (for both static and dynamic archives)
1930   size_t archive_end_offset  = (dynamic_mapinfo == nullptr) ? static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() : dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset();
1931   size_t archive_space_size = align_up(archive_end_offset, archive_space_alignment);
1932 
1933 #if !INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
1934 
1935   // Get the simple case out of the way first:
1936   // no compressed class space, simple allocation.
1937 
1938   // When running without class space, requested archive base should be aligned to cds core alignment.
1939   assert(is_aligned(base_address, archive_space_alignment),
1940            "Archive base address unaligned: " PTR_FORMAT ", needs alignment: %zu.",
1941            p2i(base_address), archive_space_alignment);
1942 
1943   archive_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)base_address,
1944                                              archive_space_size,
1945                                              archive_space_alignment,
1946                                              os::vm_page_size(),
1947                                              mtNone);
1948   if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
1949     assert(base_address == nullptr ||
1950            (address)archive_space_rs.base() == base_address, "Sanity");
1951     // Register archive space with NMT.
1952     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(archive_space_rs, mtClassShared);
1953     return archive_space_rs.base();
1954   }
1955 
1956   return nullptr;
1957 
1958 #else
1959 
1960   // INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE=1
1961   // Complex case: two spaces adjacent to each other, both to be addressable
1962   //  with narrow class pointers.
1963   // We reserve the whole range spanning both spaces, then split that range up.
1964 
1965   const size_t class_space_alignment = Metaspace::reserve_alignment();
1966 
1967   // When running with class space, requested archive base must satisfy both cds core alignment
1968   // and class space alignment.
1969   const size_t base_address_alignment = MAX2(class_space_alignment, archive_space_alignment);
1970   assert(is_aligned(base_address, base_address_alignment),
1971            "Archive base address unaligned: " PTR_FORMAT ", needs alignment: %zu.",
1972            p2i(base_address), base_address_alignment);
1973 
1974   size_t class_space_size = CompressedClassSpaceSize;
1975   assert(CompressedClassSpaceSize > 0 &&
1976          is_aligned(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_alignment),
1977          "CompressedClassSpaceSize malformed: %zu", CompressedClassSpaceSize);
1978 
1979   const size_t ccs_begin_offset = align_up(archive_space_size, class_space_alignment);
1980   const size_t gap_size = ccs_begin_offset - archive_space_size;
1981 
1982   // Reduce class space size if it would not fit into the Klass encoding range
1983   constexpr size_t max_encoding_range_size = 4 * G;
1984   guarantee(archive_space_size < max_encoding_range_size - class_space_alignment, "Archive too large");
1985   if ((archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size) > max_encoding_range_size) {
1986     class_space_size = align_down(max_encoding_range_size - archive_space_size - gap_size, class_space_alignment);
1987     log_info(metaspace)("CDS initialization: reducing class space size from %zu to %zu",
1988         CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_size);
1989     FLAG_SET_ERGO(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_size);
1990   }
1991 
1992   const size_t total_range_size =
1993       archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size;
1994 
1995   // The code for dumping the archive ensures that the base address is valid.
1996   // Here we validate that the base address plus shift can be decoded when
1997   // restored.
1998   assert(shared_base_valid((char*)base_address),
1999       "Cannot use SharedBaseAddress " PTR_FORMAT " with precomputed shift %d.",
2000       p2i(base_address), ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift());
2001 
2002   assert(total_range_size > ccs_begin_offset, "must be");
2003   if (use_windows_memory_mapping() && use_archive_base_addr) {
2004     if (base_address != nullptr) {
2005       // On Windows, we cannot safely split a reserved memory space into two (see JDK-8255917).
2006       // Hence, we optimistically reserve archive space and class space side-by-side. We only
2007       // do this for use_archive_base_addr=true since for use_archive_base_addr=false case
2008       // caller will not split the combined space for mapping, instead read the archive data
2009       // via sequential file IO.
2010       address ccs_base = base_address + archive_space_size + gap_size;
2011       archive_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)base_address,
2012                                                  archive_space_size,
2013                                                  archive_space_alignment,
2014                                                  os::vm_page_size(),
2015                                                  mtNone);
2016       class_space_rs   = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)ccs_base,
2017                                                  class_space_size,
2018                                                  class_space_alignment,
2019                                                  os::vm_page_size(),
2020                                                  mtNone);
2021     }
2022     if (!archive_space_rs.is_reserved() || !class_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2023       release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs);
2024       return nullptr;
2025     }
2026     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(archive_space_rs, mtClassShared);
2027     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(class_space_rs, mtClass);
2028   } else {
2029     if (use_archive_base_addr && base_address != nullptr) {
2030       total_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*) base_address,
2031                                                total_range_size,
2032                                                base_address_alignment,
2033                                                os::vm_page_size(),
2034                                                mtNone);
2035     } else {
2036       // We did not manage to reserve at the preferred address, or were instructed to relocate. In that
2037       // case we reserve wherever possible, but the start address needs to be encodable as narrow Klass
2038       // encoding base since the archived heap objects contain narrow Klass IDs pre-calculated toward the start
2039       // of the shared Metaspace. That prevents us from using zero-based encoding and therefore we won't
2040       // try allocating in low-address regions.
2041       total_space_rs = Metaspace::reserve_address_space_for_compressed_classes(total_range_size, false /* optimize_for_zero_base */);
2042     }
2043 
2044     if (!total_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2045       return nullptr;
2046     }
2047 
2048     // Paranoid checks:
2049     assert(!use_archive_base_addr || (address)total_space_rs.base() == base_address,
2050            "Sanity (" PTR_FORMAT " vs " PTR_FORMAT ")", p2i(base_address), p2i(total_space_rs.base()));
2051     assert(is_aligned(total_space_rs.base(), base_address_alignment), "Sanity");
2052     assert(total_space_rs.size() == total_range_size, "Sanity");
2053 
2054     // Now split up the space into ccs and cds archive. For simplicity, just leave
2055     //  the gap reserved at the end of the archive space. Do not do real splitting.
2056     archive_space_rs = total_space_rs.first_part(ccs_begin_offset,
2057                                                  (size_t)archive_space_alignment);
2058     class_space_rs = total_space_rs.last_part(ccs_begin_offset);
2059     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_split_reserved(total_space_rs.base(), total_space_rs.size(),
2060                                                      ccs_begin_offset, mtClassShared, mtClass);
2061   }
2062   assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2063   assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.size(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2064   assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2065   assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.size(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2066 
2067 
2068   return archive_space_rs.base();
2069 
2070 #endif // INCLUDE_CLASS_SPACE
2071 }
2072 
2073 void AOTMetaspace::release_reserved_spaces(ReservedSpace& total_space_rs,
2074                                            ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs,
2075                                            ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) {
2076   if (total_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2077     aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (archive + class) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(total_space_rs.base()));
2078     MemoryReserver::release(total_space_rs);
2079     total_space_rs = {};
2080   } else {
2081     if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2082       aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (archive) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(archive_space_rs.base()));
2083       MemoryReserver::release(archive_space_rs);
2084       archive_space_rs = {};
2085     }
2086     if (class_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2087       aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (classes) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(class_space_rs.base()));
2088       MemoryReserver::release(class_space_rs);
2089       class_space_rs = {};
2090     }
2091   }
2092 }
2093 
2094 static int archive_regions[]     = { AOTMetaspace::rw, AOTMetaspace::ro };
2095 static int archive_regions_count = 2;
2096 
2097 MapArchiveResult AOTMetaspace::map_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo, char* mapped_base_address, ReservedSpace rs) {
2098   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be runtime");
2099   if (mapinfo == nullptr) {
2100     return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; // The dynamic archive has not been specified. No error has happened -- trivially succeeded.
2101   }
2102 
2103   mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false);
2104   if (mapinfo->core_region_alignment() != (size_t)core_region_alignment()) {
2105     report_loading_error("Unable to map CDS archive -- core_region_alignment() expected: %zu"
2106                          " actual: %zu", mapinfo->core_region_alignment(), core_region_alignment());
2107     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2108   }
2109 
2110   MapArchiveResult result =
2111     mapinfo->map_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count, mapped_base_address, rs);
2112 
2113   if (result != MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
2114     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2115     return result;
2116   }
2117 
2118   if (!mapinfo->validate_class_location()) {
2119     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2120     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2121   }
2122 
2123   if (mapinfo->is_static()) {
2124     // Currently, only static archive uses early serialized data.
2125     char* buffer = mapinfo->early_serialized_data();
2126     intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer;
2127     ReadClosure rc(&array, (address)mapped_base_address);
2128     early_serialize(&rc);
2129   }
2130 
2131   if (!mapinfo->validate_aot_class_linking()) {
2132     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2133     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2134   }
2135 
2136   mapinfo->set_is_mapped(true);
2137   return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
2138 }
2139 
2140 void AOTMetaspace::unmap_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo) {
2141   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be runtime");
2142   if (mapinfo != nullptr) {
2143     mapinfo->unmap_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count);
2144     mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
2145     mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false);
2146   }
2147 }
2148 
2149 // For -XX:PrintSharedArchiveAndExit
2150 class CountSharedSymbols : public SymbolClosure {
2151  private:
2152    size_t _count;
2153  public:
2154    CountSharedSymbols() : _count(0) {}
2155   void do_symbol(Symbol** sym) {
2156     _count++;
2157   }
2158   size_t total() { return _count; }
2159 
2160 };
2161 
2162 // Read the miscellaneous data from the shared file, and
2163 // serialize it out to its various destinations.
2164 
2165 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() {
2166   FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
2167   FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
2168 
2169   // Verify various attributes of the archive, plus initialize the
2170   // shared string/symbol tables.
2171   char* buffer = static_mapinfo->serialized_data();
2172   intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer;
2173   ReadClosure rc(&array, (address)SharedBaseAddress);
2174   serialize(&rc);
2175 
2176   // Finish initializing the heap dump mode used in the archive
2177   // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
2178   HeapShared::finalize_initialization(static_mapinfo);
2179   Universe::load_archived_object_instances();
2180 
2181   AOTCodeCache::initialize();
2182 
2183   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2184     intptr_t* buffer = (intptr_t*)dynamic_mapinfo->serialized_data();
2185     ReadClosure rc(&buffer, (address)SharedBaseAddress);
2186     DynamicArchive::serialize(&rc);
2187   }
2188 
2189   LogStreamHandle(Info, aot) lsh;
2190   if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
2191     lsh.print("Using AOT-linked classes: %s (static archive: %s aot-linked classes",
2192               BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()),
2193               static_mapinfo->header()->has_aot_linked_classes() ? "has" : "no");
2194     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2195       lsh.print(", dynamic archive: %s aot-linked classes",
2196                 dynamic_mapinfo->header()->has_aot_linked_classes() ? "has" : "no");
2197     }
2198     lsh.print_cr(")");
2199   }
2200 
2201   // Set up LambdaFormInvokers::_lambdaform_lines for dynamic dump
2202   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
2203     // Read stored LF format lines stored in static archive
2204     LambdaFormInvokers::read_static_archive_invokers();
2205   }
2206 
2207   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
2208     // Print archive names
2209     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2210       tty->print_cr("\n\nBase archive name: %s", CDSConfig::input_static_archive_path());
2211       tty->print_cr("Base archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version());
2212     } else {
2213       tty->print_cr("Static archive name: %s", static_mapinfo->full_path());
2214       tty->print_cr("Static archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version());
2215     }
2216 
2217     SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty);
2218     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2219       tty->print_cr("\n\nDynamic archive name: %s", dynamic_mapinfo->full_path());
2220       tty->print_cr("Dynamic archive version %d", dynamic_mapinfo->version());
2221       SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty, false/*dynamic*/);
2222     }
2223 
2224     TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
2225 
2226     AOTCodeCache::print_on(tty);
2227 
2228     // collect shared symbols and strings
2229     CountSharedSymbols cl;
2230     SymbolTable::shared_symbols_do(&cl);
2231     tty->print_cr("Number of shared symbols: %zu", cl.total());
2232     if (HeapShared::is_loading() && HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode()) {
2233       tty->print_cr("Number of shared strings: %zu", StringTable::shared_entry_count());
2234     }
2235     tty->print_cr("VM version: %s\r\n", static_mapinfo->vm_version());
2236     if (FileMapInfo::current_info() == nullptr || _archive_loading_failed) {
2237       tty->print_cr("archive is invalid");
2238       vm_exit(1);
2239     } else {
2240       tty->print_cr("archive is valid");
2241       vm_exit(0);
2242     }
2243   }
2244 }
2245 
2246 // JVM/TI RedefineClasses() support:
2247 bool AOTMetaspace::remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite() {
2248   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2249 
2250   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
2251     // remap the shared readonly space to shared readwrite, private
2252     FileMapInfo* mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
2253     if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
2254       return false;
2255     }
2256     if (FileMapInfo::dynamic_info() != nullptr) {
2257       mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
2258       if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
2259         return false;
2260       }
2261     }
2262     _remapped_readwrite = true;
2263   }
2264   return true;
2265 }
2266 
2267 void AOTMetaspace::print_on(outputStream* st) {
2268   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
2269     st->print("CDS archive(s) mapped at: ");
2270     address base = (address)MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_base();
2271     address static_top = (address)_aot_metaspace_static_top;
2272     address top = (address)MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_top();
2273     st->print("[" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "), ", p2i(base), p2i(static_top), p2i(top));
2274     st->print("size %zu, ", top - base);
2275     st->print("SharedBaseAddress: " PTR_FORMAT ", ArchiveRelocationMode: %d.", SharedBaseAddress, ArchiveRelocationMode);
2276   } else {
2277     st->print("CDS archive(s) not mapped");
2278   }
2279   st->cr();
2280 }