1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLinker.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotLinkedClassBulkLoader.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotMapLogger.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cdsProtectionDomain.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/classListParser.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/classListWriter.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/cppVtables.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/dumpAllocStats.hpp"
  44 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
  45 #include "cds/filemap.hpp"
  46 #include "cds/finalImageRecipes.hpp"
  47 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "cds/lambdaFormInvokers.hpp"
  49 #include "cds/lambdaProxyClassDictionary.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "classfile/loaderConstraints.hpp"
  54 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  55 #include "classfile/placeholders.hpp"
  56 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  57 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  58 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  59 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  60 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  61 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  62 #include "code/aotCodeCache.hpp"
  63 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  65 #include "interpreter/bytecodes.hpp"
  66 #include "interpreter/bytecodeStream.hpp"
  67 #include "jvm_io.h"
  68 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  69 #include "logging/logMessage.hpp"
  70 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  71 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  72 #include "memory/metaspace.hpp"
  73 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  74 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  75 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  76 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  77 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  78 #include "oops/compressedKlass.hpp"
  79 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  80 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp"
  81 #include "oops/inlineKlass.hpp"
  82 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  83 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  84 #include "oops/objArrayOop.hpp"
  85 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  86 #include "oops/oopHandle.hpp"
  87 #include "oops/resolvedFieldEntry.hpp"
  88 #include "oops/trainingData.hpp"
  89 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/os.inline.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
 100 #include "sanitizers/leak.hpp"
 101 #include "services/management.hpp"
 102 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
 103 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/hashTable.hpp"
 106 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 107 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
 108 
 109 #include <sys/stat.h>
 110 
 111 ReservedSpace AOTMetaspace::_symbol_rs;
 112 VirtualSpace AOTMetaspace::_symbol_vs;
 113 bool AOTMetaspace::_archive_loading_failed = false;
 114 bool AOTMetaspace::_remapped_readwrite = false;
 115 void* AOTMetaspace::_aot_metaspace_static_top = nullptr;
 116 intx AOTMetaspace::_relocation_delta;
 117 char* AOTMetaspace::_requested_base_address;
 118 Array<Method*>* AOTMetaspace::_archived_method_handle_intrinsics = nullptr;
 119 bool AOTMetaspace::_use_optimized_module_handling = true;
 120 int volatile AOTMetaspace::_preimage_static_archive_dumped = 0;
 121 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::_output_mapinfo = nullptr;
 122 
 123 // The CDS archive is divided into the following regions:
 124 //     rw  - read-write metadata
 125 //     ro  - read-only metadata and read-only tables
 126 //     hp  - heap region
 127 //     bm  - bitmap for relocating the above 7 regions.
 128 //
 129 // The rw and ro regions are linearly allocated, in the order of rw->ro.
 130 // These regions are aligned with AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment().
 131 //
 132 // These 2 regions are populated in the following steps:
 133 // [0] All classes are loaded in AOTMetaspace::load_classes(). All metadata are
 134 //     temporarily allocated outside of the shared regions.
 135 // [1] We enter a safepoint and allocate a buffer for the rw/ro regions.
 136 // [2] C++ vtables are copied into the rw region.
 137 // [3] ArchiveBuilder copies RW metadata into the rw region.
 138 // [4] ArchiveBuilder copies RO metadata into the ro region.
 139 // [5] SymbolTable, StringTable, SystemDictionary, and a few other read-only data
 140 //     are copied into the ro region as read-only tables.
 141 //
 142 // The heap region is written by HeapShared::write_heap().
 143 //
 144 // The bitmap region is used to relocate the ro/rw/hp regions.
 145 
 146 static DumpRegion _symbol_region("symbols");
 147 
 148 char* AOTMetaspace::symbol_space_alloc(size_t num_bytes) {
 149   return _symbol_region.allocate(num_bytes);
 150 }
 151 
 152 // os::vm_allocation_granularity() is usually 4K for most OSes. However, some platforms
 153 // such as linux-aarch64 and macos-x64 ...
 154 // it can be either 4K or 64K and on macos-aarch64 it is 16K. To generate archives that are
 155 // compatible for both settings, an alternative cds core region alignment can be enabled
 156 // at building time:
 157 //   --enable-compactible-cds-alignment
 158 // Upon successful configuration, the compactible alignment then can be defined in:
 159 //   os_linux_aarch64.cpp
 160 //   os_bsd_x86.cpp
 161 size_t AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment() {
 162   return os::cds_core_region_alignment();
 163 }
 164 
 165 size_t AOTMetaspace::protection_zone_size() {
 166   return os::cds_core_region_alignment();
 167 }
 168 
 169 static bool shared_base_valid(char* shared_base) {
 170   // We check user input for SharedBaseAddress at dump time.
 171 
 172   // At CDS runtime, "shared_base" will be the (attempted) mapping start. It will also
 173   // be the encoding base, since the headers of archived base objects (and with Lilliput,
 174   // the prototype mark words) carry pre-computed narrow Klass IDs that refer to the mapping
 175   // start as base.
 176   //
 177   // On AARCH64, The "shared_base" may not be later usable as encoding base, depending on the
 178   // total size of the reserved area and the precomputed_narrow_klass_shift. This is checked
 179   // before reserving memory.  Here we weed out values already known to be invalid later.
 180   return AARCH64_ONLY(is_aligned(shared_base, 4 * G)) NOT_AARCH64(true);
 181 }
 182 
 183 class DumpClassListCLDClosure : public CLDClosure {
 184   static const int INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE = 1987;
 185   static const int MAX_TABLE_SIZE = 61333;
 186 
 187   fileStream *_stream;
 188   ResizeableHashTable<InstanceKlass*, bool,
 189                               AnyObj::C_HEAP, mtClassShared> _dumped_classes;
 190 
 191   void dump(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 192     bool created;
 193     _dumped_classes.put_if_absent(ik, &created);
 194     if (!created) {
 195       return;
 196     }
 197     if (_dumped_classes.maybe_grow()) {
 198       log_info(aot, hashtables)("Expanded _dumped_classes table to %d", _dumped_classes.table_size());
 199     }
 200     if (ik->super()) {
 201       dump(ik->super());
 202     }
 203     Array<InstanceKlass*>* interfaces = ik->local_interfaces();
 204     int len = interfaces->length();
 205     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 206       dump(interfaces->at(i));
 207     }
 208     ClassListWriter::write_to_stream(ik, _stream);
 209   }
 210 
 211 public:
 212   DumpClassListCLDClosure(fileStream* f)
 213   : CLDClosure(), _dumped_classes(INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, MAX_TABLE_SIZE) {
 214     _stream = f;
 215   }
 216 
 217   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 218     for (Klass* klass = cld->klasses(); klass != nullptr; klass = klass->next_link()) {
 219       if (klass->is_instance_klass()) {
 220         dump(InstanceKlass::cast(klass));
 221       }
 222     }
 223   }
 224 };
 225 
 226 void AOTMetaspace::dump_loaded_classes(const char* file_name, TRAPS) {
 227   fileStream stream(file_name, "w");
 228   if (stream.is_open()) {
 229     MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 230     MutexLocker lock2(ClassListFile_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 231     DumpClassListCLDClosure collect_classes(&stream);
 232     ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_cld_do(&collect_classes);
 233   } else {
 234     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Failed to open file");
 235   }
 236 }
 237 
 238 static bool shared_base_too_high(char* specified_base, char* aligned_base, size_t cds_max) {
 239   // Caller should have checked that aligned_base was successfully aligned and is not nullptr.
 240   // Comparing specified_base with nullptr is UB.
 241   assert(aligned_base != nullptr, "sanity");
 242   assert(aligned_base >= specified_base, "sanity");
 243 
 244   if (max_uintx - uintx(aligned_base) < uintx(cds_max)) {
 245     // Not enough address space to hold an archive of cds_max bytes from aligned_base.
 246     return true;
 247   } else {
 248     return false;
 249   }
 250 }
 251 
 252 static char* compute_shared_base(size_t cds_max) {
 253   char* specified_base = (char*)SharedBaseAddress;
 254   size_t alignment = AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment();
 255   if (UseCompressedClassPointers && CompressedKlassPointers::needs_class_space()) {
 256     alignment = MAX2(alignment, Metaspace::reserve_alignment());
 257   }
 258 
 259   if (SharedBaseAddress == 0) {
 260     // Special meaning of -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0 -> Always map archive at os-selected address.
 261     return specified_base;
 262   }
 263 
 264   char* aligned_base = can_align_up(specified_base, alignment)
 265                            ? align_up(specified_base, alignment)
 266                            : nullptr;
 267 
 268   if (aligned_base != specified_base) {
 269     aot_log_info(aot)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") aligned up to " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 270                    p2i(specified_base), p2i(aligned_base));
 271   }
 272 
 273   const char* err = nullptr;
 274   if (aligned_base == nullptr) {
 275     err = "too high";
 276   } else if (shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max)) {
 277     err = "too high";
 278   } else if (!shared_base_valid(aligned_base)) {
 279     err = "invalid for this platform";
 280   } else {
 281     return aligned_base;
 282   }
 283 
 284   // Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress() is hard-coded in cds_globals.hpp. It must be carefully
 285   // picked that (a) the align_up() below will always return a valid value; (b) none of
 286   // the following asserts will fail.
 287   aot_log_warning(aot)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") is %s. Reverted to " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 288                    p2i((void*)SharedBaseAddress), err,
 289                    p2i((void*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress()));
 290 
 291   specified_base = (char*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress();
 292   aligned_base = align_up(specified_base, alignment);
 293 
 294   // Make sure the default value of SharedBaseAddress specified in globals.hpp is sane.
 295   assert(!shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max), "Sanity");
 296   assert(shared_base_valid(aligned_base), "Sanity");
 297   return aligned_base;
 298 }
 299 
 300 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_for_static_dump() {
 301   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive(), "sanity");
 302   aot_log_info(aot)("Core region alignment: %zu", core_region_alignment());
 303   // The max allowed size for CDS archive. We use this to limit SharedBaseAddress
 304   // to avoid address space wrap around.
 305   size_t cds_max;
 306   const size_t reserve_alignment = core_region_alignment();
 307 
 308 #ifdef _LP64
 309   const uint64_t UnscaledClassSpaceMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
 310   cds_max = align_down(UnscaledClassSpaceMax, reserve_alignment);
 311 #else
 312   // We don't support archives larger than 256MB on 32-bit due to limited
 313   //  virtual address space.
 314   cds_max = align_down(256*M, reserve_alignment);
 315 #endif
 316 
 317   _requested_base_address = compute_shared_base(cds_max);
 318   SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)_requested_base_address;
 319 
 320   size_t symbol_rs_size = LP64_ONLY(3 * G) NOT_LP64(128 * M);
 321   _symbol_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(symbol_rs_size,
 322                                        os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
 323                                        os::vm_page_size(),
 324                                        mtClassShared);
 325   if (!_symbol_rs.is_reserved()) {
 326     aot_log_error(aot)("Unable to reserve memory for symbols: %zu bytes.", symbol_rs_size);
 327     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
 328   }
 329   _symbol_region.init(&_symbol_rs, &_symbol_vs);
 330   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 331     // We are in the AOT training run. User code is executed.
 332     //
 333     // On Windows, if the user code closes System.out and we open the AOT config file for output
 334     // only at VM exit, we might get back the same file HANDLE as stdout, and the AOT config
 335     // file may get corrupted by UL logs. By opening early, we ensure that the output
 336     // HANDLE is different than stdout so we can avoid such corruption.
 337     open_output_mapinfo();
 338   } else {
 339     // No need for the above as we won't execute any user code.
 340   }
 341 }
 342 
 343 void AOTMetaspace::open_output_mapinfo() {
 344   const char* static_archive = CDSConfig::output_archive_path();
 345   assert(static_archive != nullptr, "sanity");
 346   _output_mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true);
 347   _output_mapinfo->open_as_output();
 348 }
 349 
 350 // Called by universe_post_init()
 351 void AOTMetaspace::post_initialize(TRAPS) {
 352   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
 353     FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 354     FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
 355 
 356     if (AOTMapLogger::is_logging_at_bootstrap()) {
 357       // The map logging needs to be done here, as it requires some stubs on Windows,
 358       // which are not generated until the end of init_globals().
 359       AOTMapLogger::runtime_log(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo);
 360     }
 361 
 362     // Close any open file descriptors. However, mmap'ed pages will remain in memory.
 363     static_mapinfo->close();
 364 
 365     if (HeapShared::is_loading() && HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode()) {
 366       static_mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 367     }
 368 
 369     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
 370       dynamic_mapinfo->close();
 371       dynamic_mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
 372     }
 373 
 374     int size = AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->length();
 375     if (size > 0) {
 376       CDSProtectionDomain::allocate_shared_data_arrays(size, CHECK);
 377     }
 378   }
 379 }
 380 
 381 // Extra java.lang.Strings to be added to the archive
 382 static GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>* _extra_interned_strings = nullptr;
 383 // Extra Symbols to be added to the archive
 384 static GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>* _extra_symbols = nullptr;
 385 // Methods managed by SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_intrinsic() to be added to the archive
 386 static GrowableArray<Method*>* _pending_method_handle_intrinsics = nullptr;
 387 
 388 void AOTMetaspace::read_extra_data(JavaThread* current, const char* filename) {
 389   _extra_interned_strings = new GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>(10000);
 390   _extra_symbols = new GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>(1000);
 391 
 392   HashtableTextDump reader(filename);
 393   reader.check_version("VERSION: 1.0");
 394 
 395   while (reader.remain() > 0) {
 396     int utf8_length;
 397     int prefix_type = reader.scan_prefix(&utf8_length);
 398     ResourceMark rm(current);
 399     if (utf8_length == 0x7fffffff) {
 400       // buf_len will overflown 32-bit value.
 401       aot_log_error(aot)("string length too large: %d", utf8_length);
 402       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error();
 403     }
 404     int buf_len = utf8_length+1;
 405     char* utf8_buffer = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len);
 406     reader.get_utf8(utf8_buffer, utf8_length);
 407     utf8_buffer[utf8_length] = '\0';
 408 
 409     if (prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::SymbolPrefix) {
 410       _extra_symbols->append(SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(utf8_buffer));
 411     } else{
 412       assert(prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::StringPrefix, "Sanity");
 413       ExceptionMark em(current);
 414       JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
 415       oop str = StringTable::intern(utf8_buffer, THREAD);
 416 
 417       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 418         log_warning(aot, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string allocation failed; size too large: %d",
 419                                reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length);
 420         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 421       } else {
 422 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 423         if (HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(str)) {
 424           log_warning(aot, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string ignored; size too large: %d",
 425                                  reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length);
 426           continue;
 427         }
 428         // Make sure this string is included in the dumped interned string table.
 429         assert(str != nullptr, "must succeed");
 430         _extra_interned_strings->append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), str));
 431 #endif
 432       }
 433     }
 434   }
 435 }
 436 
 437 void AOTMetaspace::make_method_handle_intrinsics_shareable() {
 438   for (int i = 0; i < _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length(); i++) {
 439     Method* m = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics->at(i));
 440     m->remove_unshareable_info();
 441     // Each method has its own constant pool (which is distinct from m->method_holder()->constants());
 442     m->constants()->remove_unshareable_info();
 443   }
 444 }
 445 
 446 void AOTMetaspace::write_method_handle_intrinsics() {
 447   int len = _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length();
 448   _archived_method_handle_intrinsics = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Method*>(len);
 449   int word_size = _archived_method_handle_intrinsics->size();
 450   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 451     Method* m = _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->at(i);
 452     ArchiveBuilder::current()->write_pointer_in_buffer(_archived_method_handle_intrinsics->adr_at(i), m);
 453     word_size += m->size() + m->constMethod()->size() + m->constants()->size();
 454     if (m->constants()->cache() != nullptr) {
 455       word_size += m->constants()->cache()->size();
 456     }
 457   }
 458   log_info(aot)("Archived %d method handle intrinsics (%d bytes)", len, word_size * BytesPerWord);
 459 }
 460 
 461 // About "serialize" --
 462 //
 463 // This is (probably a badly named) way to read/write a data stream of pointers and
 464 // miscellaneous data from/to the shared archive file. The usual code looks like this:
 465 //
 466 //     // These two global C++ variables are initialized during dump time.
 467 //     static int _archived_int;
 468 //     static MetaspaceObj* archived_ptr;
 469 //
 470 //     void MyClass::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 471 //         soc->do_int(&_archived_int);
 472 //         soc->do_int(&_archived_ptr);
 473 //     }
 474 //
 475 //     At dumptime, these two variables are stored into the CDS archive.
 476 //     At runtime, these two variables are loaded from the CDS archive.
 477 //     In addition, the pointer is relocated as necessary.
 478 //
 479 // Some of the xxx::serialize() functions may have side effects and assume that
 480 // the archive is already mapped. For example, SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header()
 481 // unconditionally makes the set of archived symbols available. Therefore, we put most
 482 // of these xxx::serialize() functions inside AOTMetaspace::serialize(), which
 483 // is called AFTER we made the decision to map the archive.
 484 //
 485 // However, some of the "serialized" data are used to decide whether an archive should
 486 // be mapped or not (e.g., for checking if the -Djdk.module.main property is compatible
 487 // with the archive). The xxx::serialize() functions for these data must be put inside
 488 // AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(). Such functions must not produce side effects that
 489 // assume we will always decides to map the archive.
 490 
 491 void AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 492   int tag = 0;
 493   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 494   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Modules::serialize_archived_module_info(soc);)
 495   soc->do_tag(666);
 496 }
 497 
 498 void AOTMetaspace::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) {
 499   int tag = 0;
 500   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 501 
 502   // Verify the sizes of various metadata in the system.
 503   soc->do_tag(sizeof(Method));
 504   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstMethod));
 505   soc->do_tag(arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE));
 506   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPool));
 507   soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPoolCache));
 508   soc->do_tag(refArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes());
 509   soc->do_tag(typeArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE));
 510   soc->do_tag(sizeof(Symbol));
 511 
 512   // Need to do this first, as subsequent steps may call virtual functions
 513   // in archived Metadata objects.
 514   CppVtables::serialize(soc);
 515   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 516 
 517   // Dump/restore miscellaneous metadata.
 518   JavaClasses::serialize_offsets(soc);
 519   Universe::serialize(soc);
 520   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 521 
 522   // Dump/restore references to commonly used names and signatures.
 523   vmSymbols::serialize(soc);
 524   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 525 
 526   // Dump/restore the symbol/string/subgraph_info tables
 527   SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 528   StringTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 529   HeapShared::serialize_tables(soc);
 530   SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_dictionary_headers(soc);
 531   AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::serialize(soc);
 532   FinalImageRecipes::serialize(soc);
 533   TrainingData::serialize(soc);
 534   InstanceMirrorKlass::serialize_offsets(soc);
 535 
 536   // Dump/restore well known classes (pointers)
 537   SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_vm_classes(soc);
 538   soc->do_tag(--tag);
 539 
 540   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(ClassLoaderDataShared::serialize(soc);)
 541   soc->do_ptr((void**)&_archived_method_handle_intrinsics);
 542 
 543   LambdaFormInvokers::serialize(soc);
 544   AdapterHandlerLibrary::serialize_shared_table_header(soc);
 545 
 546   soc->do_tag(666);
 547 }
 548 
 549 // In AOTCache workflow, when dumping preimage, the constant pool entries are stored in unresolved state.
 550 // So the fast version of getfield/putfield needs to be converted to nofast version.
 551 // When dumping the final image in the assembly phase, these nofast versions are converted back to fast versions
 552 // if the constant pool entry refered by these bytecodes is stored in resolved state.
 553 // Same principle applies to static and dynamic archives. If the constant pool entry is in resolved state, then
 554 // the fast version of the bytecodes can be preserved, else use the nofast version.
 555 //
 556 // The fast versions of aload_0 (i.e. _fast_Xaccess_0) merges the bytecode pair (aload_0, fast_Xgetfield).
 557 // If the fast version of aload_0 is preserved in AOTCache, then the JVMTI notifications for field access and
 558 // breakpoint events will be skipped for the second bytecode (fast_Xgetfield) in the pair.
 559 // Same holds for fast versions of iload_0. So for these bytecodes, nofast version is used.
 560 static void rewrite_bytecodes(const methodHandle& method) {
 561   ConstantPool* cp = method->constants();
 562   BytecodeStream bcs(method);
 563   Bytecodes::Code new_code;
 564 
 565   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) lsh;
 566   if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
 567     lsh.print("Rewriting bytecodes for ");
 568     method()->print_external_name(&lsh);
 569     lsh.print("\n");
 570   }
 571 
 572   while (!bcs.is_last_bytecode()) {
 573     Bytecodes::Code opcode = bcs.next();
 574     // Use current opcode as the default value of new_code
 575     new_code = opcode;
 576     switch(opcode) {
 577     case Bytecodes::_getfield: {
 578       uint rfe_index = bcs.get_index_u2();
 579       bool is_resolved = cp->is_resolved(rfe_index, opcode);
 580       if (is_resolved) {
 581         assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "preimage should not have resolved field references");
 582         ResolvedFieldEntry* rfe = cp->resolved_field_entry_at(bcs.get_index_u2());
 583         switch(rfe->tos_state()) {
 584         case btos:
 585           // fallthrough
 586         case ztos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_bgetfield; break;
 587         case atos: {
 588           if (rfe->is_flat()) {
 589             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_vgetfield;
 590           } else {
 591             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_agetfield;
 592           }
 593           break;
 594         }
 595         case itos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_igetfield; break;
 596         case ctos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_cgetfield; break;
 597         case stos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_sgetfield; break;
 598         case ltos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_lgetfield; break;
 599         case ftos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_fgetfield; break;
 600         case dtos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_dgetfield; break;
 601         default:
 602           ShouldNotReachHere();
 603           break;
 604         }
 605       } else {
 606         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_getfield;
 607       }
 608       break;
 609     }
 610     case Bytecodes::_putfield: {
 611       uint rfe_index = bcs.get_index_u2();
 612       bool is_resolved = cp->is_resolved(rfe_index, opcode);
 613       if (is_resolved) {
 614         assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "preimage should not have resolved field references");
 615         ResolvedFieldEntry* rfe = cp->resolved_field_entry_at(bcs.get_index_u2());
 616         switch(rfe->tos_state()) {
 617         case btos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_bputfield; break;
 618         case ztos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_zputfield; break;
 619         case atos: {
 620           if (rfe->is_flat() || rfe->is_null_free_inline_type()) {
 621             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_vputfield;
 622           } else {
 623             new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_aputfield;
 624           }
 625           break;
 626         }
 627         case itos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_iputfield; break;
 628         case ctos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_cputfield; break;
 629         case stos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_sputfield; break;
 630         case ltos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_lputfield; break;
 631         case ftos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_fputfield; break;
 632         case dtos: new_code = Bytecodes::_fast_dputfield; break;
 633         default:
 634           ShouldNotReachHere();
 635           break;
 636         }
 637       } else {
 638         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield;
 639       }
 640       break;
 641     }
 642     case Bytecodes::_aload_0:
 643       // Revert _fast_Xaccess_0 or _aload_0 to _nofast_aload_0
 644       new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_aload_0;
 645       break;
 646     case Bytecodes::_iload:
 647       if (!bcs.is_wide()) {
 648         new_code = Bytecodes::_nofast_iload;
 649       }
 650       break;
 651     default:
 652       break;
 653     }
 654     if (opcode != new_code) {
 655       *bcs.bcp() = new_code;
 656       if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
 657         lsh.print_cr("%d:%s -> %s", bcs.bci(), Bytecodes::name(opcode), Bytecodes::name(new_code));
 658       }
 659     }
 660   }
 661 }
 662 
 663 // [1] Rewrite all bytecodes as needed, so that the ConstMethod* will not be modified
 664 //     at run time by RewriteBytecodes/RewriteFrequentPairs
 665 // [2] Assign a fingerprint, so one doesn't need to be assigned at run-time.
 666 void AOTMetaspace::rewrite_bytecodes_and_calculate_fingerprints(Thread* thread, InstanceKlass* ik) {
 667   for (int i = 0; i < ik->methods()->length(); i++) {
 668     methodHandle m(thread, ik->methods()->at(i));
 669     if (ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() && ik->is_linked()) {
 670       rewrite_bytecodes(m);
 671     }
 672     Fingerprinter fp(m);
 673     // The side effect of this call sets method's fingerprint field.
 674     fp.fingerprint();
 675   }
 676 }
 677 
 678 class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace : public VM_Operation {
 679 private:
 680   AOTMappedHeapInfo _mapped_heap_info;
 681   AOTStreamedHeapInfo _streamed_heap_info;
 682   FileMapInfo* _map_info;
 683   StaticArchiveBuilder& _builder;
 684 
 685   void dump_java_heap_objects();
 686   void dump_shared_symbol_table(GrowableArray<Symbol*>* symbols) {
 687     log_info(aot)("Dumping symbol table ...");
 688     SymbolTable::write_to_archive(symbols);
 689   }
 690   char* dump_early_read_only_tables();
 691   char* dump_read_only_tables(AOTClassLocationConfig*& cl_config);
 692 
 693 public:
 694 
 695   VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace(StaticArchiveBuilder& b, FileMapInfo* map_info) :
 696     VM_Operation(), _mapped_heap_info(), _streamed_heap_info(), _map_info(map_info), _builder(b) {}
 697 
 698   bool skip_operation() const { return false; }
 699 
 700   VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_PopulateDumpSharedSpace; }
 701   AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info()  { return &_mapped_heap_info; }
 702   AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info()  { return &_streamed_heap_info; }
 703   void doit();   // outline because gdb sucks
 704   bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const { return true; }
 705 }; // class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace
 706 
 707 class StaticArchiveBuilder : public ArchiveBuilder {
 708 public:
 709   StaticArchiveBuilder() : ArchiveBuilder() {}
 710 
 711   virtual void iterate_roots(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 712     AOTArtifactFinder::all_cached_classes_do(it);
 713     SystemDictionaryShared::dumptime_classes_do(it);
 714     Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 715     vmSymbols::metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 716     TrainingData::iterate_roots(it);
 717     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 718       ClassLoaderDataShared::iterate_roots(it);
 719     }
 720 
 721     // The above code should find all the symbols that are referenced by the
 722     // archived classes. We just need to add the extra symbols which
 723     // may not be used by any of the archived classes -- these are usually
 724     // symbols that we anticipate to be used at run time, so we can store
 725     // them in the RO region, to be shared across multiple processes.
 726     if (_extra_symbols != nullptr) {
 727       for (int i = 0; i < _extra_symbols->length(); i++) {
 728         it->push(_extra_symbols->adr_at(i));
 729       }
 730     }
 731 
 732     for (int i = 0; i < _pending_method_handle_intrinsics->length(); i++) {
 733       it->push(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics->adr_at(i));
 734     }
 735   }
 736 };
 737 
 738 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_early_read_only_tables() {
 739   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 740 
 741   CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Modules::dump_archived_module_info());
 742 
 743   DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region();
 744   char* start = ro_region->top();
 745   WriteClosure wc(ro_region);
 746   AOTMetaspace::early_serialize(&wc);
 747   return start;
 748 }
 749 
 750 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_read_only_tables(AOTClassLocationConfig*& cl_config) {
 751   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 752 
 753   SystemDictionaryShared::write_to_archive();
 754   cl_config = AOTClassLocationConfig::dumptime()->write_to_archive();
 755   AOTClassLinker::write_to_archive();
 756   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 757     FinalImageRecipes::record_recipes();
 758   }
 759 
 760   TrainingData::dump_training_data();
 761 
 762   AOTMetaspace::write_method_handle_intrinsics();
 763 
 764   // Write lambform lines into archive
 765   LambdaFormInvokers::dump_static_archive_invokers();
 766 
 767   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_adapters()) {
 768     AdapterHandlerLibrary::dump_aot_adapter_table();
 769   }
 770 
 771   // Write the other data to the output array.
 772   DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region();
 773   char* start = ro_region->top();
 774   WriteClosure wc(ro_region);
 775   AOTMetaspace::serialize(&wc);
 776 
 777   return start;
 778 }
 779 
 780 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::doit() {
 781   CDSConfig::set_is_at_aot_safepoint(true);
 782 
 783   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 784     guarantee(!CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "We should not be using an archive when we dump");
 785   }
 786 
 787   DEBUG_ONLY(SystemDictionaryShared::NoClassLoadingMark nclm);
 788 
 789   _pending_method_handle_intrinsics = new (mtClassShared) GrowableArray<Method*>(256, mtClassShared);
 790   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 791     // When dumping AOT-linked classes, some classes may have direct references to a method handle
 792     // intrinsic. The easiest thing is to save all of them into the AOT cache.
 793     SystemDictionary::get_all_method_handle_intrinsics(_pending_method_handle_intrinsics);
 794   }
 795 
 796   AOTClassLocationConfig::dumptime_check_nonempty_dirs();
 797 
 798   NOT_PRODUCT(SystemDictionary::verify();)
 799 
 800   // Block concurrent class unloading from changing the _dumptime_table
 801   MutexLocker ml(DumpTimeTable_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 802 
 803   _builder.gather_source_objs();
 804   _builder.reserve_buffer();
 805 
 806   CppVtables::dumptime_init(&_builder);
 807 
 808   _builder.sort_metadata_objs();
 809   _builder.dump_rw_metadata();
 810   _builder.dump_ro_metadata();
 811   _builder.relocate_metaspaceobj_embedded_pointers();
 812 
 813   log_info(aot)("Make classes shareable");
 814   _builder.make_klasses_shareable();
 815   AOTMetaspace::make_method_handle_intrinsics_shareable();
 816 
 817   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 818     ClassLoaderDataShared::remove_unshareable_info();
 819   }
 820 
 821   dump_java_heap_objects();
 822   dump_shared_symbol_table(_builder.symbols());
 823 
 824   char* early_serialized_data = dump_early_read_only_tables();
 825   AOTClassLocationConfig* cl_config;
 826   char* serialized_data = dump_read_only_tables(cl_config);
 827 
 828   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_lambdas_in_legacy_mode()) {
 829     log_info(aot)("Adjust lambda proxy class dictionary");
 830     LambdaProxyClassDictionary::adjust_dumptime_table();
 831   }
 832 
 833   log_info(cds)("Make training data shareable");
 834   _builder.make_training_data_shareable();
 835 
 836   // The vtable clones contain addresses of the current process.
 837   // We don't want to write these addresses into the archive.
 838   CppVtables::zero_archived_vtables();
 839 
 840   // Write the archive file
 841   _map_info->populate_header(AOTMetaspace::core_region_alignment());
 842   _map_info->set_early_serialized_data(early_serialized_data);
 843   _map_info->set_serialized_data(serialized_data);
 844   _map_info->set_cloned_vtables(CppVtables::vtables_serialized_base());
 845   _map_info->header()->set_class_location_config(cl_config);
 846 
 847   HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
 848   CDSConfig::set_is_at_aot_safepoint(false);
 849 }
 850 
 851 class CollectClassesForLinking : public KlassClosure {
 852   GrowableArray<OopHandle> _mirrors;
 853 
 854 public:
 855    CollectClassesForLinking() : _mirrors() {
 856      // ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_classes_do_keepalive() requires ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock.
 857      // We cannot link the classes while holding this lock (or else we may run into deadlock).
 858      // Therefore, we need to first collect all the classes, keeping them alive by
 859      // holding onto their java_mirrors in global OopHandles. We then link the classes after
 860      // releasing the lock.
 861      MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock);
 862      ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_classes_do_keepalive(this);
 863    }
 864 
 865   ~CollectClassesForLinking() {
 866     for (int i = 0; i < _mirrors.length(); i++) {
 867       _mirrors.at(i).release(Universe::vm_global());
 868     }
 869   }
 870 
 871   void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) {
 872     assert(cld->is_alive(), "must be");
 873   }
 874 
 875   void do_klass(Klass* k) {
 876     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 877       _mirrors.append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), k->java_mirror()));
 878     }
 879   }
 880 
 881   const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors() const { return &_mirrors; }
 882 };
 883 
 884 // Check if we can eagerly link this class at dump time, so we can avoid the
 885 // runtime linking overhead (especially verification)
 886 bool AOTMetaspace::may_be_eagerly_linked(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 887   if (!ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime()) {
 888     // For old classes, try to leave them in the unlinked state, so
 889     // we can still store them in the archive. They must be
 890     // linked/verified at runtime.
 891     return false;
 892   }
 893   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive() && ik->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 894     // Linking of unregistered classes at this stage may cause more
 895     // classes to be resolved, resulting in calls to ClassLoader.loadClass()
 896     // that may not be expected by custom class loaders.
 897     //
 898     // It's OK to do this for the built-in loaders as we know they can
 899     // tolerate this.
 900     return false;
 901   }
 902   return true;
 903 }
 904 
 905 void AOTMetaspace::link_all_loaded_classes(JavaThread* current) {
 906   while (true) {
 907     ResourceMark rm(current);
 908     CollectClassesForLinking collect_classes;
 909     bool has_linked = false;
 910     const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors = collect_classes.mirrors();
 911     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {
 912       OopHandle mirror = mirrors->at(i);
 913       InstanceKlass* ik = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror.resolve());
 914       if (may_be_eagerly_linked(ik)) {
 915         has_linked |= try_link_class(current, ik);
 916       }
 917     }
 918 
 919     if (!has_linked) {
 920       break;
 921     }
 922     // Class linking includes verification which may load more classes.
 923     // Keep scanning until we have linked no more classes.
 924   }
 925 }
 926 
 927 void AOTMetaspace::link_shared_classes(TRAPS) {
 928   AOTClassLinker::initialize();
 929   AOTClassInitializer::init_test_class(CHECK);
 930 
 931   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 932     // - Load and link all classes used in the training run.
 933     // - Initialize @AOTSafeClassInitializer classes that were
 934     //   initialized in the training run.
 935     // - Perform per-class optimization such as AOT-resolution of
 936     //   constant pool entries that were resolved during the training run.
 937     FinalImageRecipes::apply_recipes(CHECK);
 938 
 939     // Because the AOT assembly phase does not run the same exact code as in the
 940     // training run (e.g., we use different lambda form invoker classes;
 941     // generated lambda form classes are not recorded in FinalImageRecipes),
 942     // the recipes do not cover all classes that have been loaded so far. As
 943     // a result, we might have some unlinked classes at this point. Since we
 944     // require cached classes to be linked, all such classes will be linked
 945     // by the following step.
 946   }
 947 
 948   link_all_loaded_classes(THREAD);
 949 
 950   // Eargerly resolve all string constants in constant pools
 951   {
 952     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 953     CollectClassesForLinking collect_classes;
 954     const GrowableArray<OopHandle>* mirrors = collect_classes.mirrors();
 955     for (int i = 0; i < mirrors->length(); i++) {
 956       OopHandle mirror = mirrors->at(i);
 957       InstanceKlass* ik = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror.resolve());
 958       AOTConstantPoolResolver::preresolve_string_cp_entries(ik, CHECK);
 959     }
 960   }
 961 }
 962 
 963 void AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(TRAPS) {
 964   CDSConfig::DumperThreadMark dumper_thread_mark(THREAD);
 965   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 966   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 967 
 968  if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && AOTPrintTrainingInfo) {
 969    tty->print_cr("==================== archived_training_data ** before dumping ====================");
 970    TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
 971  }
 972 
 973   StaticArchiveBuilder builder;
 974   dump_static_archive_impl(builder, THREAD);
 975   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 976     if (PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass())) {
 977       aot_log_error(aot)("Out of memory. Please run with a larger Java heap, current MaxHeapSize = "
 978                      "%zuM", MaxHeapSize/M);
 979       AOTMetaspace::writing_error();
 980     } else {
 981       oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
 982       aot_log_error(aot)("%s: %s", PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->external_name(),
 983                          message == nullptr ? "(null)" : java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message));
 984       AOTMetaspace::writing_error(err_msg("Unexpected exception, use -Xlog:aot%s,exceptions=trace for detail",
 985                                              CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "" : ",cds"));
 986     }
 987   }
 988 
 989   if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
 990     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 991       // We are in the JVM that runs the training run. Continue execution,
 992       // so that it can finish all clean-up and return the correct exit
 993       // code to the OS.
 994     } else {
 995       // The JLI launcher only recognizes the "old" -Xshare:dump flag.
 996       // When the new -XX:AOTMode=create flag is used, we can't return
 997       // to the JLI launcher, as the launcher will fail when trying to
 998       // run the main class, which is not what we want.
 999       struct stat st;
1000       if (os::stat(AOTCache, &st) != 0) {
1001         tty->print_cr("AOTCache creation failed: %s", AOTCache);
1002       } else {
1003         tty->print_cr("AOTCache creation is complete: %s " INT64_FORMAT " bytes", AOTCache, (int64_t)(st.st_size));
1004       }
1005       vm_direct_exit(0);
1006     }
1007   }
1008 }
1009 
1010 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && defined(_LP64)
1011 void AOTMetaspace::adjust_heap_sizes_for_dumping() {
1012   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() || UseCompressedOops) {
1013     return;
1014   }
1015   // CDS heap dumping requires all string oops to have an offset
1016   // from the heap bottom that can be encoded in 32-bit.
1017   julong max_heap_size = (julong)(4 * G);
1018 
1019   if (MinHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1020     log_debug(aot)("Setting MinHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", MinHeapSize/M);
1021     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MinHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1022   }
1023   if (InitialHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1024     log_debug(aot)("Setting InitialHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", InitialHeapSize/M);
1025     FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1026   }
1027   if (MaxHeapSize > max_heap_size) {
1028     log_debug(aot)("Setting MaxHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = %zuM", MaxHeapSize/M);
1029     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MaxHeapSize, max_heap_size);
1030   }
1031 }
1032 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && _LP64
1033 
1034 void AOTMetaspace::get_default_classlist(char* default_classlist, const size_t buf_size) {
1035   const char* filesep = os::file_separator();
1036   jio_snprintf(default_classlist, buf_size, "%s%slib%sclasslist",
1037                Arguments::get_java_home(), filesep, filesep);
1038 }
1039 
1040 void AOTMetaspace::load_classes(TRAPS) {
1041   char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
1042   const char* classlist_path;
1043 
1044   get_default_classlist(default_classlist, JVM_MAXPATHLEN);
1045   if (SharedClassListFile == nullptr) {
1046     classlist_path = default_classlist;
1047   } else {
1048     classlist_path = SharedClassListFile;
1049   }
1050 
1051   aot_log_info(aot)("Loading classes to share ...");
1052   ClassListParser::parse_classlist(classlist_path,
1053                                    ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1054   if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) {
1055     ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile,
1056                                      ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1057   }
1058   if (classlist_path != default_classlist) {
1059     struct stat statbuf;
1060     if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) {
1061       // File exists, let's use it.
1062       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist,
1063                                        ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK);
1064     }
1065   }
1066 
1067   // Some classes are used at CDS runtime but are not yet loaded at this point.
1068   // We can perform dummmy calls to these classes at dumptime to ensure they
1069   // are archived.
1070   exercise_runtime_cds_code(CHECK);
1071 
1072   aot_log_info(aot)("Loading classes to share: done.");
1073 }
1074 
1075 void AOTMetaspace::exercise_runtime_cds_code(TRAPS) {
1076   // Exercise the manifest processing code
1077   const char* dummy = "Manifest-Version: 1.0\n";
1078   CDSProtectionDomain::create_jar_manifest(dummy, strlen(dummy), CHECK);
1079 
1080   // Exercise FileSystem and URL code
1081   CDSProtectionDomain::to_file_URL("dummy.jar", Handle(), CHECK);
1082 }
1083 
1084 bool AOTMetaspace::preimage_static_archive_dumped() {
1085   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "Required");
1086   return AtomicAccess::load_acquire(&_preimage_static_archive_dumped) == 1;
1087 }
1088 
1089 void AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive_impl(StaticArchiveBuilder& builder, TRAPS) {
1090   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1091     // When dumping to the AOT configuration file ensure this function is only executed once.
1092     // Multiple invocations may happen via JCmd, during VM exit or other means (in the future)
1093     // from different threads and possibly concurrently.
1094     if (AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(&_preimage_static_archive_dumped, 0, 1) != 0) {
1095       return;
1096     }
1097   }
1098 
1099   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_classic_static_archive()) {
1100     // We are running with -Xshare:dump
1101     load_classes(CHECK);
1102 
1103     if (SharedArchiveConfigFile) {
1104       log_info(aot)("Reading extra data from %s ...", SharedArchiveConfigFile);
1105       read_extra_data(THREAD, SharedArchiveConfigFile);
1106       log_info(aot)("Reading extra data: done.");
1107     }
1108   }
1109 
1110   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1111     log_info(aot)("Reading lambda form invokers from JDK default classlist ...");
1112     char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
1113     get_default_classlist(default_classlist, JVM_MAXPATHLEN);
1114     struct stat statbuf;
1115     if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) {
1116       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist,
1117                                        ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK);
1118     }
1119   }
1120 
1121 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
1122   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1123     if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1124       // A single thread is required for Reference handling and deterministic CDS archive.
1125       // Its's not required for dumping preimage, where References won't be archived and
1126       // determinism is not needed.
1127       assert(CDSConfig::allow_only_single_java_thread(), "Required");
1128     }
1129     if (!HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(THREAD)) {
1130       report_loading_error("archivedBootLayer not available, disabling full module graph");
1131       CDSConfig::stop_dumping_full_module_graph();
1132     }
1133     // Do this before link_shared_classes(), as the following line may load new classes.
1134     HeapShared::init_for_dumping(CHECK);
1135   }
1136 #endif
1137 
1138   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1139     if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) {
1140       log_info(aot)("Loading extra classes from %s ...", ExtraSharedClassListFile);
1141       ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile,
1142                                        ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK);
1143     }
1144   }
1145 
1146   // Rewrite and link classes
1147   log_info(aot)("Rewriting and linking classes ...");
1148 
1149   // Link any classes which got missed. This would happen if we have loaded classes that
1150   // were not explicitly specified in the classlist. E.g., if an interface implemented by class K
1151   // fails verification, all other interfaces that were not specified in the classlist but
1152   // are implemented by K are not verified.
1153   link_shared_classes(CHECK);
1154   log_info(aot)("Rewriting and linking classes: done");
1155   TrainingData::init_dumptime_table(CHECK); // captures TrainingDataSetLocker
1156 
1157   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_regenerated_lambdaform_invokers()) {
1158     LambdaFormInvokers::regenerate_holder_classes(CHECK);
1159   }
1160 
1161 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
1162   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1163     HeapShared::init_heap_writer();
1164     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
1165       ClassLoaderDataShared::ensure_module_entry_tables_exist();
1166       ClassLoaderDataShared::build_tables(CHECK);
1167       HeapShared::prepare_for_archiving(CHECK);
1168     }
1169 
1170     AOTReferenceObjSupport::initialize(CHECK);
1171     AOTReferenceObjSupport::stabilize_cached_reference_objects(CHECK);
1172 
1173     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1174       // java.lang.Class::reflectionFactory cannot be archived yet. We set this field
1175       // to null, and it will be initialized again at runtime.
1176       log_debug(aot)("Resetting Class::reflectionFactory");
1177       TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
1178       Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
1179       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
1180       JavaCalls::call_static(&result, vmClasses::Class_klass(),
1181                              method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
1182 
1183       // Perhaps there is a way to avoid hard-coding these names here.
1184       // See discussion in JDK-8342481.
1185     }
1186   } else {
1187     log_info(aot)("Not dumping heap, reset CDSConfig::_is_using_optimized_module_handling");
1188     CDSConfig::stop_using_optimized_module_handling();
1189   }
1190 #endif
1191 
1192   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1193     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1194       FileMapInfo::free_current_info(); // FIXME: should not free current info
1195     }
1196     open_output_mapinfo();
1197   }
1198 
1199   VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace op(builder, _output_mapinfo);
1200   VMThread::execute(&op);
1201 
1202   if (AOTCodeCache::is_on_for_dump() && CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1203     CDSConfig::enable_dumping_aot_code();
1204     {
1205       builder.start_ac_region();
1206       // Write the contents to AOT code region and close AOTCodeCache before packing the region
1207       AOTCodeCache::close();
1208       builder.end_ac_region();
1209     }
1210     CDSConfig::disable_dumping_aot_code();
1211   }
1212 
1213   bool status = write_static_archive(&builder, _output_mapinfo, op.mapped_heap_info(), op.streamed_heap_info());
1214   assert(!_output_mapinfo->is_open(), "Must be closed already");
1215   _output_mapinfo = nullptr;
1216   if (status && CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
1217     tty->print_cr("%s AOTConfiguration recorded: %s",
1218                   CDSConfig::has_temp_aot_config_file() ? "Temporary" : "", AOTConfiguration);
1219     if (CDSConfig::is_single_command_training()) {
1220       fork_and_dump_final_static_archive(CHECK);
1221     }
1222   }
1223 
1224   if (!status) {
1225     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Encountered error while dumping");
1226   }
1227 }
1228 
1229 bool AOTMetaspace::write_static_archive(ArchiveBuilder* builder,
1230                                         FileMapInfo* map_info,
1231                                         AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info,
1232                                         AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
1233   // relocate the data so that it can be mapped to AOTMetaspace::requested_base_address()
1234   // without runtime relocation.
1235   builder->relocate_to_requested();
1236   if (!map_info->is_open()) {
1237     return false;
1238   }
1239   map_info->prepare_for_writing();
1240   builder->write_archive(map_info, mapped_heap_info, streamed_heap_info);
1241   return true;
1242 }
1243 
1244 static void print_java_launcher(outputStream* st) {
1245   st->print("%s%sbin%sjava", Arguments::get_java_home(), os::file_separator(), os::file_separator());
1246 }
1247 
1248 static void append_args(GrowableArray<Handle>* args, const char* arg, TRAPS) {
1249   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str(arg, CHECK);
1250   args->append(string);
1251 }
1252 
1253 // Pass all options in Arguments::jvm_args_array() to a child JVM process
1254 // using the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable.
1255 static int exec_jvm_with_java_tool_options(const char* java_launcher_path, TRAPS) {
1256   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1257   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1258   GrowableArray<Handle> args;
1259 
1260   const char* cp = Arguments::get_appclasspath();
1261   if (cp != nullptr && strlen(cp) > 0 && strcmp(cp, ".") != 0) {
1262     // We cannot use "-cp", because "-cp" is only interpreted by the java launcher,
1263     // and is not interpreter by arguments.cpp when it loads args from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS
1264     stringStream ss;
1265     ss.print("-Djava.class.path=");
1266     ss.print_raw(cp);
1267     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1268     // CDS$ProcessLauncher::execWithJavaToolOptions() must unset CLASSPATH, which has
1269     // a higher priority than -Djava.class.path=
1270   }
1271 
1272   // Pass all arguments. These include those from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS.
1273   for (int i = 0; i < Arguments::num_jvm_args(); i++) {
1274     const char* arg = Arguments::jvm_args_array()[i];
1275     if (strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTCacheOutput=") == arg || // arg starts with ...
1276         strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTConfiguration=") == arg ||
1277         strstr(arg, "-XX:AOTMode=") == arg) {
1278       // Filter these out. They wiill be set below.
1279     } else {
1280       append_args(&args, arg, CHECK_0);
1281     }
1282   }
1283 
1284   // Note: because we are running in AOTMode=record, JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS have not been
1285   // parsed, so they are not in Arguments::jvm_args_array. If JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS is in
1286   // the environment, it will be inherited and parsed by the child JVM process
1287   // in Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable().
1288   precond(strcmp(AOTMode, "record") == 0);
1289 
1290   // We don't pass Arguments::jvm_flags_array(), as those will be added by
1291   // the child process when it loads .hotspotrc
1292 
1293   {
1294     // If AOTCacheOutput contains %p, it should have been already substituted with the
1295     // pid of the training process.
1296     stringStream ss;
1297     ss.print("-XX:AOTCacheOutput=");
1298     ss.print_raw(AOTCacheOutput);
1299     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1300   }
1301   {
1302     // If AOTCacheConfiguration contains %p, it should have been already substituted with the
1303     // pid of the training process.
1304     // If AOTCacheConfiguration was not explicitly specified, it should have been assigned a
1305     // temporary file name.
1306     stringStream ss;
1307     ss.print("-XX:AOTConfiguration=");
1308     ss.print_raw(AOTConfiguration);
1309     append_args(&args, ss.freeze(), CHECK_0);
1310   }
1311 
1312   append_args(&args, "-XX:AOTMode=create", CHECK_0);
1313 
1314   Symbol* klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("jdk/internal/misc/CDS$ProcessLauncher");
1315   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, CHECK_0);
1316   Symbol* methodName = SymbolTable::new_symbol("execWithJavaToolOptions");
1317   Symbol* methodSignature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("(Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)I");
1318 
1319   Handle launcher = java_lang_String::create_from_str(java_launcher_path, CHECK_0);
1320   objArrayOop array = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::String_klass(), args.length(), CHECK_0);
1321   for (int i = 0; i < args.length(); i++) {
1322     array->obj_at_put(i, args.at(i)());
1323   }
1324   objArrayHandle launcher_args(THREAD, array);
1325 
1326   // The following call will pass all options inside the JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS env variable to
1327   // the child process. It will also clear the _JAVA_OPTIONS and CLASSPATH env variables for
1328   // the child process.
1329   //
1330   // Note: the env variables are set only for the child process. They are not changed
1331   // for the current process. See java.lang.ProcessBuilder::environment().
1332   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
1333   JavaCallArguments javacall_args(2);
1334   javacall_args.push_oop(launcher);
1335   javacall_args.push_oop(launcher_args);
1336   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
1337                           InstanceKlass::cast(k),
1338                           methodName,
1339                           methodSignature,
1340                           &javacall_args,
1341                           CHECK_0);
1342   return result.get_jint();
1343 }
1344 
1345 void AOTMetaspace::fork_and_dump_final_static_archive(TRAPS) {
1346   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive(), "sanity");
1347 
1348   ResourceMark rm;
1349   stringStream ss;
1350   print_java_launcher(&ss);
1351   const char* cmd = ss.freeze();
1352   tty->print_cr("Launching child process %s to assemble AOT cache %s using configuration %s", cmd, AOTCacheOutput, AOTConfiguration);
1353   int status = exec_jvm_with_java_tool_options(cmd, CHECK);
1354   if (status != 0) {
1355     log_error(aot)("Child process failed; status = %d", status);
1356     // We leave the temp config file for debugging
1357   } else if (CDSConfig::has_temp_aot_config_file()) {
1358     const char* tmp_config = AOTConfiguration;
1359     // On Windows, need WRITE permission to remove the file.
1360     WINDOWS_ONLY(chmod(tmp_config, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE));
1361     status = remove(tmp_config);
1362     if (status != 0) {
1363       log_error(aot)("Failed to remove temporary AOT configuration file %s", tmp_config);
1364     } else {
1365       tty->print_cr("Removed temporary AOT configuration file %s", tmp_config);
1366     }
1367   }
1368 }
1369 
1370 // Returns true if the class's status has changed.
1371 bool AOTMetaspace::try_link_class(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik) {
1372   ExceptionMark em(current);
1373   JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
1374   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive(), "sanity");
1375 
1376   if (ik->in_aot_cache() && !CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1377     assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive(), "must be");
1378     return false;
1379   }
1380 
1381   if (ik->is_loaded() && !ik->is_linked() && ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() &&
1382       !SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik)) {
1383     bool saved = BytecodeVerificationLocal;
1384     if (ik->defined_by_other_loaders() && ik->class_loader() == nullptr) {
1385       // The verification decision is based on BytecodeVerificationRemote
1386       // for non-system classes. Since we are using the null classloader
1387       // to load non-system classes for customized class loaders during dumping,
1388       // we need to temporarily change BytecodeVerificationLocal to be the same as
1389       // BytecodeVerificationRemote. Note this can cause the parent system
1390       // classes also being verified. The extra overhead is acceptable during
1391       // dumping.
1392       BytecodeVerificationLocal = BytecodeVerificationRemote;
1393     }
1394     ik->link_class(THREAD);
1395     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1396       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1397       oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(current->pending_exception());
1398       aot_log_warning(aot)("Preload Warning: Verification failed for %s because a %s was thrown: %s",
1399                             ik->external_name(),
1400                             current->pending_exception()->klass()->external_name(),
1401                             message == nullptr ? "(no message)" : java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message));
1402       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1403       SystemDictionaryShared::set_class_has_failed_verification(ik);
1404     } else {
1405       assert(!SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik), "sanity");
1406       ik->compute_has_loops_flag_for_methods();
1407     }
1408     BytecodeVerificationLocal = saved;
1409     return true;
1410   } else {
1411     return false;
1412   }
1413 }
1414 
1415 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_java_heap_objects() {
1416   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
1417     HeapShared::write_heap(&_mapped_heap_info, &_streamed_heap_info);
1418   } else {
1419     CDSConfig::log_reasons_for_not_dumping_heap();
1420   }
1421 }
1422 
1423 void AOTMetaspace::set_aot_metaspace_range(void* base, void *static_top, void* top) {
1424   assert(base <= static_top && static_top <= top, "must be");
1425   _aot_metaspace_static_top = static_top;
1426   MetaspaceObj::set_aot_metaspace_range(base, top);
1427 }
1428 
1429 bool AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache_dynamic_region(void* p) {
1430   if ((p < MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_top()) &&
1431       (p >= _aot_metaspace_static_top)) {
1432     return true;
1433   } else {
1434     return false;
1435   }
1436 }
1437 
1438 bool AOTMetaspace::in_aot_cache_static_region(void* p) {
1439   if (in_aot_cache(p) && !in_aot_cache_dynamic_region(p)) {
1440     return true;
1441   } else {
1442     return false;
1443   }
1444 }
1445 
1446 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to load the specified archive(s) due to one
1447 // of the following conditions.
1448 // - There's an error that indicates that the archive(s) files were corrupt or otherwise damaged.
1449 // - When -XX:+RequireSharedSpaces is specified, AND the JVM cannot load the archive(s) due
1450 //   to version or classpath mismatch.
1451 void AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error(const char* message) {
1452   report_loading_error("%s", message);
1453 
1454   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
1455     vm_exit_during_initialization("Must be a valid AOT configuration generated by the current JVM", AOTConfiguration);
1456   } else if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1457     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use AOT cache.", nullptr);
1458   } else {
1459     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive. Unrecoverable archive loading error (run with -Xlog:aot,cds for details)", message);
1460   }
1461 }
1462 
1463 void AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error(const char* format, ...) {
1464   // When using AOT cache, errors messages are always printed on the error channel.
1465   LogStream ls_aot(LogLevel::Error, LogTagSetMapping<LOG_TAGS(aot)>::tagset());
1466 
1467   // If we are loading load the default CDS archive, it may fail due to incompatible VM options.
1468   // Print at the info level to avoid excessive verbosity.
1469   // However, if the user has specified a CDS archive (or AOT cache), they would be interested in
1470   // knowing that the loading fails, so we print at the error level.
1471   LogLevelType level = (!CDSConfig::is_using_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_only_default_archive()) ?
1472                         LogLevel::Info : LogLevel::Error;
1473   LogStream ls_cds(level, LogTagSetMapping<LOG_TAGS(cds)>::tagset());
1474 
1475   LogStream& ls = CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? ls_aot : ls_cds;
1476   if (!ls.is_enabled()) {
1477     return;
1478   }
1479 
1480   va_list ap;
1481   va_start(ap, format);
1482 
1483   static bool printed_error = false;
1484   if (!printed_error) { // No need for locks. Loading error checks happen only in main thread.
1485     ls.print_cr("An error has occurred while processing the %s. Run with -Xlog:%s for details.",
1486                 CDSConfig::type_of_archive_being_loaded(), CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "aot" : "aot,cds");
1487     printed_error = true;
1488   }
1489   ls.vprint_cr(format, ap);
1490 
1491   va_end(ap);
1492 }
1493 
1494 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to write the specified CDS archive due to an
1495 // unrecoverable error.
1496 void AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error(const char* message) {
1497   writing_error(message);
1498   vm_direct_exit(1);
1499 }
1500 
1501 // This function is called when the JVM is unable to write the specified CDS archive due to a
1502 // an error. The error will be propagated
1503 void AOTMetaspace::writing_error(const char* message) {
1504   aot_log_error(aot)("An error has occurred while writing the shared archive file.");
1505   if (message != nullptr) {
1506     aot_log_error(aot)("%s", message);
1507   }
1508 }
1509 
1510 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_runtime_shared_and_meta_spaces() {
1511   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "Must be called when UseSharedSpaces is enabled");
1512   MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1513 
1514   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = open_static_archive();
1515   FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo = nullptr;
1516 
1517   if (static_mapinfo != nullptr) {
1518     aot_log_info(aot)("Core region alignment: %zu", static_mapinfo->core_region_alignment());
1519     dynamic_mapinfo = open_dynamic_archive();
1520 
1521     aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode: %d", ArchiveRelocationMode);
1522 
1523     // First try to map at the requested address
1524     result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, true);
1525     if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE) {
1526       // Mapping has failed (probably due to ASLR). Let's map at an address chosen
1527       // by the OS.
1528       aot_log_info(aot)("Try to map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1529       result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, false);
1530     }
1531   }
1532 
1533   if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1534     bool dynamic_mapped = (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped());
1535     char* cds_base = static_mapinfo->mapped_base();
1536     char* cds_end =  dynamic_mapped ? dynamic_mapinfo->mapped_end() : static_mapinfo->mapped_end();
1537     // Register CDS memory region with LSan.
1538     LSAN_REGISTER_ROOT_REGION(cds_base, cds_end - cds_base);
1539     set_aot_metaspace_range(cds_base, static_mapinfo->mapped_end(), cds_end);
1540     _relocation_delta = static_mapinfo->relocation_delta();
1541     _requested_base_address = static_mapinfo->requested_base_address();
1542     if (dynamic_mapped) {
1543       // turn AutoCreateSharedArchive off if successfully mapped
1544       AutoCreateSharedArchive = false;
1545     }
1546   } else {
1547     set_aot_metaspace_range(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
1548     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
1549       aot_log_warning(aot)("-XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit is unsupported when base CDS archive is not loaded. Run with -Xlog:cds for more info.");
1550     }
1551     UseSharedSpaces = false;
1552     // The base archive cannot be mapped. We cannot dump the dynamic shared archive.
1553     AutoCreateSharedArchive = false;
1554     CDSConfig::disable_dumping_dynamic_archive();
1555     if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
1556       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to use shared archive.");
1557     } else {
1558       if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1559         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1560       } else {
1561         report_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1562       }
1563     }
1564   }
1565 
1566   // If mapping failed and -XShare:on, the vm should exit
1567   bool has_failed = false;
1568   if (static_mapinfo != nullptr && !static_mapinfo->is_mapped()) {
1569     has_failed = true;
1570     delete static_mapinfo;
1571   }
1572   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped()) {
1573     has_failed = true;
1574     delete dynamic_mapinfo;
1575   }
1576   if (RequireSharedSpaces && has_failed) {
1577       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Unable to map shared spaces");
1578   }
1579 }
1580 
1581 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::open_static_archive() {
1582   const char* static_archive = CDSConfig::input_static_archive_path();
1583   assert(static_archive != nullptr, "sanity");
1584   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true);
1585   if (!mapinfo->open_as_input()) {
1586     delete(mapinfo);
1587     log_info(cds)("Opening of static archive %s failed", static_archive);
1588     return nullptr;
1589   }
1590   return mapinfo;
1591 }
1592 
1593 FileMapInfo* AOTMetaspace::open_dynamic_archive() {
1594   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
1595     return nullptr;
1596   }
1597   const char* dynamic_archive = CDSConfig::input_dynamic_archive_path();
1598   if (dynamic_archive == nullptr) {
1599     return nullptr;
1600   }
1601 
1602   FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(dynamic_archive, false);
1603   if (!mapinfo->open_as_input()) {
1604     delete(mapinfo);
1605     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1606       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_loading_error("Failed to initialize dynamic archive");
1607     }
1608     return nullptr;
1609   }
1610   return mapinfo;
1611 }
1612 
1613 // use_requested_addr:
1614 //  true  = map at FileMapHeader::_requested_base_address
1615 //  false = map at an alternative address picked by OS.
1616 MapArchiveResult AOTMetaspace::map_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo, FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo,
1617                                             bool use_requested_addr) {
1618   if (use_requested_addr && static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() == nullptr) {
1619     aot_log_info(aot)("Archive(s) were created with -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0. Always map at os-selected address.");
1620     return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1621   }
1622 
1623   PRODUCT_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) {
1624       // For product build only -- this is for benchmarking the cost of doing relocation.
1625       // For debug builds, the check is done below, after reserving the space, for better test coverage
1626       // (see comment below).
1627       aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1628       return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1629     });
1630 
1631   if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 2 && !use_requested_addr) {
1632     aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 2: never map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1633     return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1634   };
1635 
1636   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
1637     // Ensure that the OS won't be able to allocate new memory spaces between the two
1638     // archives, or else it would mess up the simple comparison in MetaspaceObj::in_aot_cache().
1639     assert(static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() == dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_base_offset(), "no gap");
1640   }
1641 
1642   ReservedSpace total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs;
1643   MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1644   size_t prot_zone_size = 0;
1645   char* mapped_base_address = reserve_address_space_for_archives(static_mapinfo,
1646                                                                  dynamic_mapinfo,
1647                                                                  use_requested_addr,
1648                                                                  total_space_rs,
1649                                                                  archive_space_rs,
1650                                                                  class_space_rs);
1651   if (mapped_base_address == nullptr) {
1652     result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1653     aot_log_debug(aot)("Failed to reserve spaces (use_requested_addr=%u)", (unsigned)use_requested_addr);
1654   } else {
1655 
1656     if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1657       prot_zone_size = protection_zone_size();
1658     }
1659 
1660 #ifdef ASSERT
1661     // Some sanity checks after reserving address spaces for archives
1662     //  and class space.
1663     assert(archive_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Sanity");
1664     if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1665       assert(archive_space_rs.base() == mapped_base_address &&
1666           archive_space_rs.size() > protection_zone_size(),
1667           "Archive space must lead and include the protection zone");
1668       // Class space must closely follow the archive space. Both spaces
1669       //  must be aligned correctly.
1670       assert(class_space_rs.is_reserved() && class_space_rs.size() > 0,
1671              "A class space should have been reserved");
1672       assert(class_space_rs.base() >= archive_space_rs.end(),
1673              "class space should follow the cds archive space");
1674       assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(),
1675                         core_region_alignment()),
1676              "Archive space misaligned");
1677       assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(),
1678                         Metaspace::reserve_alignment()),
1679              "class space misaligned");
1680     }
1681 #endif // ASSERT
1682 
1683     aot_log_info(aot)("Reserved archive_space_rs [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (%zu) bytes%s",
1684                    p2i(archive_space_rs.base()), p2i(archive_space_rs.end()), archive_space_rs.size(),
1685                    (prot_zone_size > 0 ? " (includes protection zone)" : ""));
1686     aot_log_info(aot)("Reserved class_space_rs   [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (%zu) bytes",
1687                    p2i(class_space_rs.base()), p2i(class_space_rs.end()), class_space_rs.size());
1688 
1689     if (AOTMetaspace::use_windows_memory_mapping()) {
1690       // We have now reserved address space for the archives, and will map in
1691       //  the archive files into this space.
1692       //
1693       // Special handling for Windows: on Windows we cannot map a file view
1694       //  into an existing memory mapping. So, we unmap the address range we
1695       //  just reserved again, which will make it available for mapping the
1696       //  archives.
1697       // Reserving this range has not been for naught however since it makes
1698       //  us reasonably sure the address range is available.
1699       //
1700       // But still it may fail, since between unmapping the range and mapping
1701       //  in the archive someone else may grab the address space. Therefore
1702       //  there is a fallback in FileMap::map_region() where we just read in
1703       //  the archive files sequentially instead of mapping it in. We couple
1704       //  this with use_requested_addr, since we're going to patch all the
1705       //  pointers anyway so there's no benefit to mmap.
1706       if (use_requested_addr) {
1707         assert(!total_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Should not be reserved for Windows");
1708         aot_log_info(aot)("Windows mmap workaround: releasing archive space.");
1709         MemoryReserver::release(archive_space_rs);
1710         // Mark as not reserved
1711         archive_space_rs = {};
1712         // The protection zone is part of the archive:
1713         // See comment above, the Windows way of loading CDS is to mmap the individual
1714         // parts of the archive into the address region we just vacated. The protection
1715         // zone will not be mapped (and, in fact, does not exist as physical region in
1716         // the archive). Therefore, after removing the archive space above, we must
1717         // re-reserve the protection zone part lest something else gets mapped into that
1718         // area later.
1719         if (prot_zone_size > 0) {
1720           assert(prot_zone_size >= os::vm_allocation_granularity(), "must be"); // not just page size!
1721           char* p = os::attempt_reserve_memory_at(mapped_base_address, prot_zone_size,
1722                                                   mtClassShared);
1723           assert(p == mapped_base_address || p == nullptr, "must be");
1724           if (p == nullptr) {
1725             aot_log_debug(aot)("Failed to re-reserve protection zone");
1726             return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1727           }
1728         }
1729       }
1730     }
1731 
1732     if (prot_zone_size > 0) {
1733       os::commit_memory(mapped_base_address, prot_zone_size, false); // will later be protected
1734       // Before mapping the core regions into the newly established address space, we mark
1735       // start and the end of the future protection zone with canaries. That way we easily
1736       // catch mapping errors (accidentally mapping data into the future protection zone).
1737       *(mapped_base_address) = 'P';
1738       *(mapped_base_address + prot_zone_size - 1) = 'P';
1739     }
1740 
1741     MapArchiveResult static_result = map_archive(static_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs);
1742     MapArchiveResult dynamic_result = (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) ?
1743                                      map_archive(dynamic_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs) : MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1744 
1745     DEBUG_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) {
1746       // This is for simulating mmap failures at the requested address. In
1747       //  debug builds, we do it here (after all archives have possibly been
1748       //  mapped), so we can thoroughly test the code for failure handling
1749       //  (releasing all allocated resource, etc).
1750       aot_log_info(aot)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address");
1751       if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1752         static_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1753       }
1754       if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1755         dynamic_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1756       }
1757     });
1758 
1759     if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1760       if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1761         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
1762       } else if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) {
1763         assert(dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped(), "must have failed");
1764         // No need to retry mapping the dynamic archive again, as it will never succeed
1765         // (bad file, etc) -- just keep the base archive.
1766         log_warning(cds, dynamic)("Unable to use shared archive. The top archive failed to load: %s",
1767                                   dynamic_mapinfo->full_path());
1768         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
1769         // TODO, we can give the unused space for the dynamic archive to class_space_rs, but there's no
1770         // easy API to do that right now.
1771       } else {
1772         result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1773       }
1774     } else if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) {
1775       result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
1776     } else {
1777       result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE;
1778     }
1779   }
1780 
1781   if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
1782     SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)mapped_base_address;
1783 #ifdef _LP64
1784     if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1785       assert(prot_zone_size > 0 &&
1786              *(mapped_base_address) == 'P' &&
1787              *(mapped_base_address + prot_zone_size - 1) == 'P',
1788              "Protection zone was overwritten?");
1789       // Set up ccs in metaspace.
1790       Metaspace::initialize_class_space(class_space_rs);
1791 
1792       // Set up compressed Klass pointer encoding: the encoding range must
1793       //  cover both archive and class space.
1794       const address klass_range_start = (address)mapped_base_address;
1795       const size_t klass_range_size = (address)class_space_rs.end() - klass_range_start;
1796       if (INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP || UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
1797         // The CDS archive may contain narrow Klass IDs that were precomputed at archive generation time:
1798         // - every archived java object header (only if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP)
1799         // - every archived Klass' prototype   (only if +UseCompactObjectHeaders)
1800         //
1801         // In order for those IDs to still be valid, we need to dictate base and shift: base should be the
1802         // mapping start (including protection zone), shift should be the shift used at archive generation time.
1803         CompressedKlassPointers::initialize_for_given_encoding(
1804           klass_range_start, klass_range_size,
1805           klass_range_start, ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift() // precomputed encoding, see ArchiveBuilder
1806         );
1807         assert(CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start, "must be");
1808       } else {
1809         // Let JVM freely choose encoding base and shift
1810         CompressedKlassPointers::initialize(klass_range_start, klass_range_size);
1811         assert(CompressedKlassPointers::base() == nullptr ||
1812                CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start, "must be");
1813       }
1814       // Establish protection zone, but only if we need one
1815       if (CompressedKlassPointers::base() == klass_range_start) {
1816         CompressedKlassPointers::establish_protection_zone(klass_range_start, prot_zone_size);
1817       }
1818 
1819       if (static_mapinfo->can_use_heap_region()) {
1820         if (static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode()) {
1821           HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode::_streaming);
1822         } else {
1823           // map_or_load_heap_region() compares the current narrow oop and klass encodings
1824           // with the archived ones, so it must be done after all encodings are determined.
1825           static_mapinfo->map_or_load_heap_region();
1826           HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode::_mapping);
1827         }
1828       } else {
1829         FileMapRegion* r = static_mapinfo->region_at(AOTMetaspace::hp);
1830         if (r->used() > 0) {
1831           if (static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode()) {
1832             AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data.");
1833           } else {
1834             if (!UseCompressedOops && !AOTMappedHeapLoader::can_map()) {
1835               AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data. Selected GC not compatible -XX:-UseCompressedOops");
1836             } else {
1837               AOTMetaspace::report_loading_error("Cannot use CDS heap data. UseEpsilonGC, UseG1GC, UseSerialGC, UseParallelGC, or UseShenandoahGC are required.");
1838             }
1839           }
1840         }
1841       }
1842     }
1843 #endif // _LP64
1844     log_info(aot)("initial optimized module handling: %s", CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() ? "enabled" : "disabled");
1845     log_info(aot)("initial full module graph: %s", CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph() ? "enabled" : "disabled");
1846   } else {
1847     unmap_archive(static_mapinfo);
1848     unmap_archive(dynamic_mapinfo);
1849     release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs);
1850   }
1851 
1852   return result;
1853 }
1854 
1855 
1856 // This will reserve two address spaces suitable to house Klass structures, one
1857 //  for the cds archives (static archive and optionally dynamic archive) and
1858 //  optionally one move for ccs.
1859 //
1860 // Since both spaces must fall within the compressed class pointer encoding
1861 //  range, they are allocated close to each other.
1862 //
1863 // Space for archives will be reserved first, followed by a potential gap,
1864 //  followed by the space for ccs:
1865 //
1866 // +-- Base address             A        B                     End
1867 // |                            |        |                      |
1868 // v                            v        v                      v
1869 // +-------------+--------------+        +----------------------+
1870 // | static arc  | [dyn. arch]  | [gap]  | compr. class space   |
1871 // +-------------+--------------+        +----------------------+
1872 //
1873 // (The gap may result from different alignment requirements between metaspace
1874 //  and CDS)
1875 //
1876 // If UseCompressedClassPointers is disabled, only one address space will be
1877 //  reserved:
1878 //
1879 // +-- Base address             End
1880 // |                            |
1881 // v                            v
1882 // +-------------+--------------+
1883 // | static arc  | [dyn. arch]  |
1884 // +-------------+--------------+
1885 //
1886 // Base address: If use_archive_base_addr address is true, the Base address is
1887 //  determined by the address stored in the static archive. If
1888 //  use_archive_base_addr address is false, this base address is determined
1889 //  by the platform.
1890 //
1891 // If UseCompressedClassPointers=1, the range encompassing both spaces will be
1892 //  suitable to en/decode narrow Klass pointers: the base will be valid for
1893 //  encoding, the range [Base, End) and not surpass the max. range for that encoding.
1894 //
1895 // Return:
1896 //
1897 // - On success:
1898 //    - total_space_rs will be reserved as whole for archive_space_rs and
1899 //      class_space_rs if UseCompressedClassPointers is true.
1900 //      On Windows, try reserve archive_space_rs and class_space_rs
1901 //      separately first if use_archive_base_addr is true.
1902 //    - archive_space_rs will be reserved and large enough to host static and
1903 //      if needed dynamic archive: [Base, A).
1904 //      archive_space_rs.base and size will be aligned to CDS reserve
1905 //      granularity.
1906 //    - class_space_rs: If UseCompressedClassPointers=1, class_space_rs will
1907 //      be reserved. Its start address will be aligned to metaspace reserve
1908 //      alignment, which may differ from CDS alignment. It will follow the cds
1909 //      archive space, close enough such that narrow class pointer encoding
1910 //      covers both spaces.
1911 //      If UseCompressedClassPointers=0, class_space_rs remains unreserved.
1912 // - On error: null is returned and the spaces remain unreserved.
1913 char* AOTMetaspace::reserve_address_space_for_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo,
1914                                                        FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo,
1915                                                        bool use_archive_base_addr,
1916                                                        ReservedSpace& total_space_rs,
1917                                                        ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs,
1918                                                        ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) {
1919 
1920   address const base_address = (address) (use_archive_base_addr ? static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() : nullptr);
1921   const size_t archive_space_alignment = core_region_alignment();
1922 
1923   // Size and requested location of the archive_space_rs (for both static and dynamic archives)
1924   size_t archive_end_offset  = (dynamic_mapinfo == nullptr) ? static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() : dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset();
1925   size_t archive_space_size = align_up(archive_end_offset, archive_space_alignment);
1926 
1927   if (!Metaspace::using_class_space()) {
1928     // Get the simple case out of the way first:
1929     // no compressed class space, simple allocation.
1930 
1931     // When running without class space, requested archive base should be aligned to cds core alignment.
1932     assert(is_aligned(base_address, archive_space_alignment),
1933              "Archive base address unaligned: " PTR_FORMAT ", needs alignment: %zu.",
1934              p2i(base_address), archive_space_alignment);
1935 
1936     archive_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)base_address,
1937                                                archive_space_size,
1938                                                archive_space_alignment,
1939                                                os::vm_page_size(),
1940                                                mtNone);
1941     if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
1942       assert(base_address == nullptr ||
1943              (address)archive_space_rs.base() == base_address, "Sanity");
1944       // Register archive space with NMT.
1945       MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(archive_space_rs, mtClassShared);
1946       return archive_space_rs.base();
1947     }
1948     return nullptr;
1949   }
1950 
1951 #ifdef _LP64
1952 
1953   // Complex case: two spaces adjacent to each other, both to be addressable
1954   //  with narrow class pointers.
1955   // We reserve the whole range spanning both spaces, then split that range up.
1956 
1957   const size_t class_space_alignment = Metaspace::reserve_alignment();
1958 
1959   // When running with class space, requested archive base must satisfy both cds core alignment
1960   // and class space alignment.
1961   const size_t base_address_alignment = MAX2(class_space_alignment, archive_space_alignment);
1962   assert(is_aligned(base_address, base_address_alignment),
1963            "Archive base address unaligned: " PTR_FORMAT ", needs alignment: %zu.",
1964            p2i(base_address), base_address_alignment);
1965 
1966   size_t class_space_size = CompressedClassSpaceSize;
1967   assert(CompressedClassSpaceSize > 0 &&
1968          is_aligned(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_alignment),
1969          "CompressedClassSpaceSize malformed: %zu", CompressedClassSpaceSize);
1970 
1971   const size_t ccs_begin_offset = align_up(archive_space_size, class_space_alignment);
1972   const size_t gap_size = ccs_begin_offset - archive_space_size;
1973 
1974   // Reduce class space size if it would not fit into the Klass encoding range
1975   constexpr size_t max_encoding_range_size = 4 * G;
1976   guarantee(archive_space_size < max_encoding_range_size - class_space_alignment, "Archive too large");
1977   if ((archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size) > max_encoding_range_size) {
1978     class_space_size = align_down(max_encoding_range_size - archive_space_size - gap_size, class_space_alignment);
1979     log_info(metaspace)("CDS initialization: reducing class space size from %zu to %zu",
1980         CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_size);
1981     FLAG_SET_ERGO(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_size);
1982   }
1983 
1984   const size_t total_range_size =
1985       archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size;
1986 
1987   // Test that class space base address plus shift can be decoded by aarch64, when restored.
1988   const int precomputed_narrow_klass_shift = ArchiveBuilder::precomputed_narrow_klass_shift();
1989   if (!CompressedKlassPointers::check_klass_decode_mode(base_address, precomputed_narrow_klass_shift,
1990                                                         total_range_size)) {
1991     aot_log_info(aot)("CDS initialization: Cannot use SharedBaseAddress " PTR_FORMAT " with precomputed shift %d.",
1992                   p2i(base_address), precomputed_narrow_klass_shift);
1993     use_archive_base_addr = false;
1994   }
1995 
1996   assert(total_range_size > ccs_begin_offset, "must be");
1997   if (use_windows_memory_mapping() && use_archive_base_addr) {
1998     if (base_address != nullptr) {
1999       // On Windows, we cannot safely split a reserved memory space into two (see JDK-8255917).
2000       // Hence, we optimistically reserve archive space and class space side-by-side. We only
2001       // do this for use_archive_base_addr=true since for use_archive_base_addr=false case
2002       // caller will not split the combined space for mapping, instead read the archive data
2003       // via sequential file IO.
2004       address ccs_base = base_address + archive_space_size + gap_size;
2005       archive_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)base_address,
2006                                                  archive_space_size,
2007                                                  archive_space_alignment,
2008                                                  os::vm_page_size(),
2009                                                  mtNone);
2010       class_space_rs   = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*)ccs_base,
2011                                                  class_space_size,
2012                                                  class_space_alignment,
2013                                                  os::vm_page_size(),
2014                                                  mtNone);
2015     }
2016     if (!archive_space_rs.is_reserved() || !class_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2017       release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs);
2018       return nullptr;
2019     }
2020     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(archive_space_rs, mtClassShared);
2021     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(class_space_rs, mtClass);
2022   } else {
2023     if (use_archive_base_addr && base_address != nullptr) {
2024       total_space_rs = MemoryReserver::reserve((char*) base_address,
2025                                                total_range_size,
2026                                                base_address_alignment,
2027                                                os::vm_page_size(),
2028                                                mtNone);
2029     } else {
2030       // We did not manage to reserve at the preferred address, or were instructed to relocate. In that
2031       // case we reserve wherever possible, but the start address needs to be encodable as narrow Klass
2032       // encoding base since the archived heap objects contain narrow Klass IDs pre-calculated toward the start
2033       // of the shared Metaspace. That prevents us from using zero-based encoding and therefore we won't
2034       // try allocating in low-address regions.
2035       total_space_rs = Metaspace::reserve_address_space_for_compressed_classes(total_range_size, false /* optimize_for_zero_base */);
2036     }
2037 
2038     if (!total_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2039       return nullptr;
2040     }
2041 
2042     // Paranoid checks:
2043     assert(!use_archive_base_addr || (address)total_space_rs.base() == base_address,
2044            "Sanity (" PTR_FORMAT " vs " PTR_FORMAT ")", p2i(base_address), p2i(total_space_rs.base()));
2045     assert(is_aligned(total_space_rs.base(), base_address_alignment), "Sanity");
2046     assert(total_space_rs.size() == total_range_size, "Sanity");
2047 
2048     // Now split up the space into ccs and cds archive. For simplicity, just leave
2049     //  the gap reserved at the end of the archive space. Do not do real splitting.
2050     archive_space_rs = total_space_rs.first_part(ccs_begin_offset,
2051                                                  (size_t)archive_space_alignment);
2052     class_space_rs = total_space_rs.last_part(ccs_begin_offset);
2053     MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_split_reserved(total_space_rs.base(), total_space_rs.size(),
2054                                                      ccs_begin_offset, mtClassShared, mtClass);
2055   }
2056   assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2057   assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.size(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2058   assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2059   assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.size(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity");
2060 
2061 
2062   return archive_space_rs.base();
2063 
2064 #else
2065   ShouldNotReachHere();
2066   return nullptr;
2067 #endif
2068 
2069 }
2070 
2071 void AOTMetaspace::release_reserved_spaces(ReservedSpace& total_space_rs,
2072                                            ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs,
2073                                            ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) {
2074   if (total_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2075     aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (archive + class) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(total_space_rs.base()));
2076     MemoryReserver::release(total_space_rs);
2077     total_space_rs = {};
2078   } else {
2079     if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2080       aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (archive) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(archive_space_rs.base()));
2081       MemoryReserver::release(archive_space_rs);
2082       archive_space_rs = {};
2083     }
2084     if (class_space_rs.is_reserved()) {
2085       aot_log_debug(aot)("Released shared space (classes) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(class_space_rs.base()));
2086       MemoryReserver::release(class_space_rs);
2087       class_space_rs = {};
2088     }
2089   }
2090 }
2091 
2092 static int archive_regions[]     = { AOTMetaspace::rw, AOTMetaspace::ro };
2093 static int archive_regions_count = 2;
2094 
2095 MapArchiveResult AOTMetaspace::map_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo, char* mapped_base_address, ReservedSpace rs) {
2096   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be runtime");
2097   if (mapinfo == nullptr) {
2098     return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; // The dynamic archive has not been specified. No error has happened -- trivially succeeded.
2099   }
2100 
2101   mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false);
2102   if (mapinfo->core_region_alignment() != (size_t)core_region_alignment()) {
2103     report_loading_error("Unable to map CDS archive -- core_region_alignment() expected: %zu"
2104                          " actual: %zu", mapinfo->core_region_alignment(), core_region_alignment());
2105     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2106   }
2107 
2108   MapArchiveResult result =
2109     mapinfo->map_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count, mapped_base_address, rs);
2110 
2111   if (result != MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) {
2112     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2113     return result;
2114   }
2115 
2116   if (!mapinfo->validate_class_location()) {
2117     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2118     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2119   }
2120 
2121   if (mapinfo->is_static()) {
2122     // Currently, only static archive uses early serialized data.
2123     char* buffer = mapinfo->early_serialized_data();
2124     intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer;
2125     ReadClosure rc(&array, (address)mapped_base_address);
2126     early_serialize(&rc);
2127   }
2128 
2129   if (!mapinfo->validate_aot_class_linking()) {
2130     unmap_archive(mapinfo);
2131     return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE;
2132   }
2133 
2134   mapinfo->set_is_mapped(true);
2135   return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS;
2136 }
2137 
2138 void AOTMetaspace::unmap_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo) {
2139   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be runtime");
2140   if (mapinfo != nullptr) {
2141     mapinfo->unmap_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count);
2142     mapinfo->unmap_region(AOTMetaspace::bm);
2143     mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false);
2144   }
2145 }
2146 
2147 // For -XX:PrintSharedArchiveAndExit
2148 class CountSharedSymbols : public SymbolClosure {
2149  private:
2150    size_t _count;
2151  public:
2152    CountSharedSymbols() : _count(0) {}
2153   void do_symbol(Symbol** sym) {
2154     _count++;
2155   }
2156   size_t total() { return _count; }
2157 
2158 };
2159 
2160 // Read the miscellaneous data from the shared file, and
2161 // serialize it out to its various destinations.
2162 
2163 void AOTMetaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() {
2164   FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
2165   FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
2166 
2167   // Verify various attributes of the archive, plus initialize the
2168   // shared string/symbol tables.
2169   char* buffer = static_mapinfo->serialized_data();
2170   intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer;
2171   ReadClosure rc(&array, (address)SharedBaseAddress);
2172   serialize(&rc);
2173 
2174   // Finish initializing the heap dump mode used in the archive
2175   // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
2176   HeapShared::finalize_initialization(static_mapinfo);
2177   Universe::load_archived_object_instances();
2178 
2179   AOTCodeCache::initialize();
2180 
2181   if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2182     intptr_t* buffer = (intptr_t*)dynamic_mapinfo->serialized_data();
2183     ReadClosure rc(&buffer, (address)SharedBaseAddress);
2184     DynamicArchive::serialize(&rc);
2185   }
2186 
2187   LogStreamHandle(Info, aot) lsh;
2188   if (lsh.is_enabled()) {
2189     lsh.print("Using AOT-linked classes: %s (static archive: %s aot-linked classes",
2190               BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()),
2191               static_mapinfo->header()->has_aot_linked_classes() ? "has" : "no");
2192     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2193       lsh.print(", dynamic archive: %s aot-linked classes",
2194                 dynamic_mapinfo->header()->has_aot_linked_classes() ? "has" : "no");
2195     }
2196     lsh.print_cr(")");
2197   }
2198 
2199   // Set up LambdaFormInvokers::_lambdaform_lines for dynamic dump
2200   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_dynamic_archive()) {
2201     // Read stored LF format lines stored in static archive
2202     LambdaFormInvokers::read_static_archive_invokers();
2203   }
2204 
2205   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
2206     // Print archive names
2207     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2208       tty->print_cr("\n\nBase archive name: %s", CDSConfig::input_static_archive_path());
2209       tty->print_cr("Base archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version());
2210     } else {
2211       tty->print_cr("Static archive name: %s", static_mapinfo->full_path());
2212       tty->print_cr("Static archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version());
2213     }
2214 
2215     SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty);
2216     if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) {
2217       tty->print_cr("\n\nDynamic archive name: %s", dynamic_mapinfo->full_path());
2218       tty->print_cr("Dynamic archive version %d", dynamic_mapinfo->version());
2219       SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty, false/*dynamic*/);
2220     }
2221 
2222     TrainingData::print_archived_training_data_on(tty);
2223 
2224     AOTCodeCache::print_on(tty);
2225 
2226     // collect shared symbols and strings
2227     CountSharedSymbols cl;
2228     SymbolTable::shared_symbols_do(&cl);
2229     tty->print_cr("Number of shared symbols: %zu", cl.total());
2230     if (HeapShared::is_loading() && HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode()) {
2231       tty->print_cr("Number of shared strings: %zu", StringTable::shared_entry_count());
2232     }
2233     tty->print_cr("VM version: %s\r\n", static_mapinfo->vm_version());
2234     if (FileMapInfo::current_info() == nullptr || _archive_loading_failed) {
2235       tty->print_cr("archive is invalid");
2236       vm_exit(1);
2237     } else {
2238       tty->print_cr("archive is valid");
2239       vm_exit(0);
2240     }
2241   }
2242 }
2243 
2244 // JVM/TI RedefineClasses() support:
2245 bool AOTMetaspace::remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite() {
2246   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint");
2247 
2248   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
2249     // remap the shared readonly space to shared readwrite, private
2250     FileMapInfo* mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
2251     if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
2252       return false;
2253     }
2254     if (FileMapInfo::dynamic_info() != nullptr) {
2255       mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info();
2256       if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
2257         return false;
2258       }
2259     }
2260     _remapped_readwrite = true;
2261   }
2262   return true;
2263 }
2264 
2265 void AOTMetaspace::print_on(outputStream* st) {
2266   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
2267     st->print("CDS archive(s) mapped at: ");
2268     address base = (address)MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_base();
2269     address static_top = (address)_aot_metaspace_static_top;
2270     address top = (address)MetaspaceObj::aot_metaspace_top();
2271     st->print("[" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "), ", p2i(base), p2i(static_top), p2i(top));
2272     st->print("size %zu, ", top - base);
2273     st->print("SharedBaseAddress: " PTR_FORMAT ", ArchiveRelocationMode: %d.", SharedBaseAddress, ArchiveRelocationMode);
2274   } else {
2275     st->print("CDS archive(s) not mapped");
2276   }
2277   st->cr();
2278 }