1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotCompressedPointers.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotOopChecker.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapLoader.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapWriter.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/cdsEnumKlass.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/cdsHeapVerifier.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
  45 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  46 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  48 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  49 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  53 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  57 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  58 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  59 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  61 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "oops/oopCast.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  69 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  79 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
  80 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
  81 #endif
  82 
  83 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  84 
  85 struct ArchivableStaticFieldInfo {
  86   const char* klass_name;
  87   const char* field_name;
  88   InstanceKlass* klass;
  89   int offset;
  90   BasicType type;
  91 
  92   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo(const char* k, const char* f)
  93   : klass_name(k), field_name(f), klass(nullptr), offset(0), type(T_ILLEGAL) {}
  94 
  95   bool valid() {
  96     return klass_name != nullptr;
  97   }
  98 };
  99 
 100 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_load_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 101 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_write_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 102 
 103 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_count[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 104 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_size[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 105 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_count;
 106 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_size;
 107 
 108 #ifndef PRODUCT
 109 #define ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME "archivedObjects"
 110 static Array<char>* _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = nullptr;
 111 static const char* _test_class_name = nullptr;
 112 static Klass* _test_class = nullptr;
 113 static const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* _test_class_record = nullptr;
 114 #endif
 115 
 116 
 117 //
 118 // If you add new entries to the following tables, you should know what you're doing!
 119 //
 120 
 121 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 122   {"java/lang/Integer$IntegerCache",              "archivedCache"},
 123   {"java/lang/Long$LongCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 124   {"java/lang/Byte$ByteCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 125   {"java/lang/Short$ShortCache",                  "archivedCache"},
 126   {"java/lang/Character$CharacterCache",          "archivedCache"},
 127   {"java/util/jar/Attributes$Name",               "KNOWN_NAMES"},
 128   {"sun/util/locale/BaseLocale",                  "constantBaseLocales"},
 129   {"jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph",     "archivedModuleGraph"},
 130   {"java/util/ImmutableCollections",              "archivedObjects"},
 131   {"java/lang/ModuleLayer",                       "EMPTY_LAYER"},
 132   {"java/lang/module/Configuration",              "EMPTY_CONFIGURATION"},
 133   {"jdk/internal/math/FDBigInteger",              "archivedCaches"},
 134 
 135 #ifndef PRODUCT
 136   {nullptr, nullptr}, // Extra slot for -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
 137 #endif
 138   {nullptr, nullptr},
 139 };
 140 
 141 // full module graph
 142 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 143   {"jdk/internal/loader/ArchivedClassLoaders",    "archivedClassLoaders"},
 144   {ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS,                     ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD},
 145   {"java/lang/Module$ArchivedData",               "archivedData"},
 146   {nullptr, nullptr},
 147 };
 148 
 149 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::_dump_time_special_subgraph;
 150 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::_run_time_special_subgraph;
 151 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* HeapShared::_pending_roots = nullptr;
 152 OopHandle HeapShared::_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
 153 MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable* HeapShared::_scratch_objects_table = nullptr;
 154 
 155 static bool is_subgraph_root_class_of(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[], InstanceKlass* ik) {
 156   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
 157     if (fields[i].klass == ik) {
 158       return true;
 159     }
 160   }
 161   return false;
 162 }
 163 
 164 bool HeapShared::is_subgraph_root_class(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 165   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 166   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
 167     // Legacy CDS archive support (to be deprecated)
 168     return is_subgraph_root_class_of(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik) ||
 169            is_subgraph_root_class_of(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik);
 170   } else {
 171     return false;
 172   }
 173 }
 174 
 175 oop HeapShared::CachedOopInfo::orig_referrer() const {
 176   return _orig_referrer.resolve();
 177 }
 178 
 179 unsigned HeapShared::oop_hash(oop const& p) {
 180   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() ||
 181          JavaThread::current()->is_in_no_safepoint_scope(), "sanity");
 182   // Do not call p->identity_hash() as that will update the
 183   // object header.
 184   return primitive_hash(cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(p));
 185 }
 186 
 187 unsigned int HeapShared::oop_handle_hash_raw(const OopHandle& oh) {
 188   return oop_hash(oh.resolve());
 189 }
 190 
 191 unsigned int HeapShared::oop_handle_hash(const OopHandle& oh) {
 192   oop o = oh.resolve();
 193   if (o == nullptr) {
 194     return 0;
 195   } else {
 196     return o->identity_hash();
 197   }
 198 }
 199 
 200 bool HeapShared::oop_handle_equals(const OopHandle& a, const OopHandle& b) {
 201   return a.resolve() == b.resolve();
 202 }
 203 
 204 static void reset_states(oop obj, TRAPS) {
 205   Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
 206   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(obj->klass());
 207   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
 208   Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
 209 
 210   while (klass != nullptr) {
 211     Method* method = klass->find_method(method_name, method_sig);
 212     if (method != nullptr) {
 213       assert(method->is_private(), "must be");
 214       if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot)) {
 215         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 216         log_debug(aot)("  calling %s", method->name_and_sig_as_C_string());
 217       }
 218       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 219       JavaCalls::call_special(&result, h_obj, klass,
 220                               method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
 221     }
 222     klass = klass->super();
 223   }
 224 }
 225 
 226 void HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(TRAPS) {
 227   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 228   log_debug(aot)("Resetting platform loader");
 229   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader(), CHECK);
 230   log_debug(aot)("Resetting system loader");
 231   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_system_loader(), CHECK);
 232 
 233   // Clean up jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders::bootLoader(), which is not
 234   // directly used for class loading, but rather is used by the core library
 235   // to keep track of resources, etc, loaded by the null class loader.
 236   //
 237   // Note, this object is non-null, and is not the same as
 238   // ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->class_loader(),
 239   // which is null.
 240   log_debug(aot)("Resetting boot loader");
 241   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
 242   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 243                          vmClasses::jdk_internal_loader_ClassLoaders_klass(),
 244                          vmSymbols::bootLoader_name(),
 245                          vmSymbols::void_BuiltinClassLoader_signature(),
 246                          CHECK);
 247   Handle boot_loader(THREAD, result.get_oop());
 248   reset_states(boot_loader(), CHECK);
 249 }
 250 
 251 void HeapShared::ensure_determinism(TRAPS) {
 252   TempNewSymbol class_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("jdk/internal/util/WeakReferenceKey");
 253   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("ensureDeterministicAOTCache");
 254 
 255   Klass* weak_ref_key_class = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(class_name, true, CHECK);
 256   precond(weak_ref_key_class != nullptr);
 257 
 258   log_debug(aot)("Calling WeakReferenceKey::ensureDeterministicAOTCache(Object.class)");
 259   JavaValue result(T_BOOLEAN);
 260   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 261                          weak_ref_key_class,
 262                          method_name,
 263                          vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(),
 264                          CHECK);
 265   assert(result.get_jboolean() == false, "sanity");
 266 }
 267 
 268 void HeapShared::prepare_for_archiving(TRAPS) {
 269   reset_archived_object_states(CHECK);
 270   ensure_determinism(CHECK);
 271 }
 272 
 273 HeapShared::ArchivedObjectCache* HeapShared::_archived_object_cache = nullptr;
 274 
 275 bool HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() {
 276   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 277     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 278       return AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 279     } else {
 280       return AOTMappedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 281     }
 282   }
 283 
 284   return false;
 285 }
 286 
 287 bool HeapShared::can_use_archived_heap() {
 288   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 289   if (static_mapinfo == nullptr) {
 290     return false;
 291   }
 292   if (!static_mapinfo->has_heap_region()) {
 293     return false;
 294   }
 295   if (!static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode() &&
 296       !Universe::heap()->can_load_archived_objects() &&
 297       !UseG1GC) {
 298     // Incompatible object format
 299     return false;
 300   }
 301 
 302   return true;
 303 }
 304 
 305 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
 306   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 307     return false;
 308   } else {
 309     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size);
 310   }
 311 }
 312 
 313 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(oop obj) {
 314   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 315     return false;
 316   } else {
 317     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(obj);
 318   }
 319 }
 320 
 321 bool HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
 322   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
 323   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
 324 }
 325 
 326 void HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode mode) {
 327   assert(_heap_load_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already set?");
 328   assert(mode != HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "sanity");
 329   _heap_load_mode = mode;
 330 };
 331 
 332 void HeapShared::initialize_writing_mode() {
 333   assert(!FLAG_IS_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects), "Should not have been ergonomically set yet");
 334 
 335   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 336     // We use FLAG_IS_CMDLINE below because we are specifically looking to warn
 337     // a user that explicitly sets the flag on the command line for a JVM that is
 338     // not dumping an archive.
 339     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 340       log_warning(cds)("-XX:%cAOTStreamableObjects was specified, "
 341                        "AOTStreamableObjects is only used for writing "
 342                        "the AOT cache.",
 343                        AOTStreamableObjects ? '+' : '-');
 344     }
 345   }
 346 
 347   // The below checks use !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT instead of FLAG_IS_CMDLINE
 348   // because the one step AOT cache creation transfers the AOTStreamableObjects
 349   // flag value from the training JVM to the assembly JVM using an environment
 350   // variable that sets the flag as ERGO in the assembly JVM.
 351   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 352     // By default, the value of AOTStreamableObjects should match !UseCompressedOops.
 353     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects, !UseCompressedOops);
 354   } else if (!AOTStreamableObjects && UseZGC) {
 355     // Never write mapped heap with ZGC
 356     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 357       log_warning(cds)("Heap archiving without streaming not supported for -XX:+UseZGC");
 358     }
 359     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects, true);
 360   }
 361 
 362   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 363     // Select default mode
 364     assert(_heap_write_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already initialized?");
 365     _heap_write_mode = AOTStreamableObjects ? HeapArchiveMode::_streaming : HeapArchiveMode::_mapping;
 366   }
 367 }
 368 
 369 void HeapShared::initialize_streaming() {
 370   assert(is_loading_streaming_mode(), "shouldn't call this");
 371   if (can_use_archived_heap()) {
 372     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::initialize();
 373   }
 374 }
 375 
 376 void HeapShared::enable_gc() {
 377   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 378     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::enable_gc();
 379   }
 380 }
 381 
 382 void HeapShared::materialize_thread_object() {
 383   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 384     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_thread_object();
 385   }
 386 }
 387 
 388 void HeapShared::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(oop string) {
 389   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "Only used by this mode");
 390   AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(string);
 391   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, string);
 392   assert(success, "shared strings array must not point to arrays or strings that are too large to archive");
 393 }
 394 
 395 void HeapShared::finalize_initialization(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo) {
 396   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 397     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 398       // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
 399       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 400     } else {
 401       // Finish up archived heap initialization. These must be
 402       // done after ReadClosure.
 403       AOTMappedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 404     }
 405   }
 406 }
 407 
 408 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(oop obj) {
 409   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 410   CachedOopInfo* result = _archived_object_cache->get(oh);
 411   oh.release(Universe::vm_global());
 412   return result;
 413 }
 414 
 415 bool HeapShared::has_been_archived(oop obj) {
 416   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 417   return get_cached_oop_info(obj) != nullptr;
 418 }
 419 
 420 int HeapShared::append_root(oop obj) {
 421   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 422   if (obj != nullptr) {
 423     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
 424   }
 425   // No GC should happen since we aren't scanning _pending_roots.
 426   assert(Thread::current() == (Thread*)VMThread::vm_thread(), "should be in vm thread");
 427 
 428   return _pending_roots->append(obj);
 429 }
 430 
 431 oop HeapShared::get_root(int index, bool clear) {
 432   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 433   assert(is_archived_heap_in_use(), "getting roots into heap that is not used");
 434 
 435   oop result;
 436   if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 437     result = AOTStreamedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 438   } else {
 439     assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 440     result = AOTMappedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 441   }
 442 
 443   if (clear) {
 444     clear_root(index);
 445   }
 446 
 447   return result;
 448 }
 449 
 450 void HeapShared::finish_materialize_objects() {
 451   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 452     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_materialize_objects();
 453   }
 454 }
 455 
 456 void HeapShared::clear_root(int index) {
 457   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 458   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be");
 459   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 460     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 461       log_debug(aot, heap)("Clearing root %d: was %zu", index, p2i(get_root(index, false /* clear */)));
 462     }
 463     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 464       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 465     } else {
 466       assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 467       AOTMappedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 468     }
 469   }
 470 }
 471 
 472 bool HeapShared::archive_object(oop obj, oop referrer, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info) {
 473   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 474 
 475   assert(!obj->is_stackChunk(), "do not archive stack chunks");
 476   if (has_been_archived(obj)) {
 477     return true;
 478   }
 479 
 480   if (is_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 481     log_debug(aot, heap)("Cannot archive, object (" PTR_FORMAT ") is too large: %zu",
 482                          p2i(obj), obj->size());
 483     debug_trace();
 484     return false;
 485   }
 486 
 487   AOTOopChecker::check(obj); // Make sure contents of this oop are safe.
 488   count_allocation(obj->size());
 489 
 490   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 491     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 492   } else {
 493     AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 494   }
 495 
 496   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 497   CachedOopInfo info = make_cached_oop_info(obj, referrer);
 498   archived_object_cache()->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 499   archived_object_cache()->maybe_grow();
 500 
 501   Klass* k = obj->klass();
 502   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 503     // Whenever we see a non-array Java object of type X, we mark X to be aot-initialized.
 504     // This ensures that during the production run, whenever Java code sees a cached object
 505     // of type X, we know that X is already initialized. (see TODO comment below ...)
 506 
 507     if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_enum_subclass()
 508         // We can't rerun <clinit> of enum classes (see cdsEnumKlass.cpp) so
 509         // we must store them as AOT-initialized.
 510         || (subgraph_info == _dump_time_special_subgraph))
 511         // TODO: we do this only for the special subgraph for now. Extending this to
 512         // other subgraphs would require more refactoring of the core library (such as
 513         // move some initialization logic into runtimeSetup()).
 514         //
 515         // For the other subgraphs, we have a weaker mechanism to ensure that
 516         // all classes in a subgraph are initialized before the subgraph is programmatically
 517         // returned from jdk.internal.misc.CDS::initializeFromArchive().
 518         // See HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
 519     {
 520       AOTArtifactFinder::add_aot_inited_class(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 521     }
 522 
 523     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 524       Klass* mirror_k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 525       if (mirror_k != nullptr) {
 526         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(mirror_k);
 527       }
 528     } else if (java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::is_instance(obj)) {
 529       Method* m = java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::vmtarget(obj);
 530       if (m != nullptr) {
 531         if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(m)) {
 532           m = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(m);
 533         }
 534         InstanceKlass* method_holder = m->method_holder();
 535         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(method_holder);
 536       }
 537     }
 538   }
 539 
 540   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 541     ResourceMark rm;
 542     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
 543     LogStream out(log);
 544     out.print("Archived heap object " PTR_FORMAT " : %s ",
 545               p2i(obj), obj->klass()->external_name());
 546     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 547       Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 548       if (k != nullptr) {
 549         out.print("%s", k->external_name());
 550       } else {
 551         out.print("primitive");
 552       }
 553     }
 554     out.cr();
 555   }
 556 
 557   return true;
 558 }
 559 
 560 class MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable: public HashTable<MetaspaceObj*, OopHandle,
 561     36137, // prime number
 562     AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 563     mtClassShared> {
 564 public:
 565   oop get_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 566     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 567     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 568     if (handle != nullptr) {
 569       return handle->resolve();
 570     } else {
 571       return nullptr;
 572     }
 573   }
 574   void set_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr, oop o) {
 575     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 576     OopHandle handle(Universe::vm_global(), o);
 577     put_when_absent(ptr, handle);
 578   }
 579   void remove_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 580     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 581     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 582     if (handle != nullptr) {
 583       handle->release(Universe::vm_global());
 584       remove(ptr);
 585     }
 586   }
 587 };
 588 
 589 void HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src, objArrayOop dest) {
 590   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive() && scratch_resolved_references(src) != nullptr) {
 591     // We are in AOT training run. The class has been redefined and we are giving it a new resolved_reference.
 592     // Ignore it, as this class will be excluded from the AOT config.
 593     return;
 594   }
 595   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
 596     _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(src, dest);
 597   }
 598 }
 599 
 600 refArrayOop HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 601   oop rr = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(src);
 602   return rr == nullptr ? nullptr : oop_cast<refArrayOop>(rr);
 603 }
 604 
 605  void HeapShared::init_dumping() {
 606    _scratch_objects_table = new (mtClass)MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable();
 607    _pending_roots = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(500);
 608 }
 609 
 610 void HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 611   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 612     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 613     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 614       oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, CHECK);
 615       _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), m);
 616     }
 617   }
 618 }
 619 
 620 // Given java_mirror that represents a (primitive or reference) type T,
 621 // return the "scratch" version that represents the same type T. Note
 622 // that java_mirror will be returned if the mirror is already a scratch mirror.
 623 //
 624 // See java_lang_Class::create_scratch_mirror() for more info.
 625 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(oop java_mirror) {
 626   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_mirror), "must be");
 627 
 628   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 629     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 630     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 631       if (_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve() == java_mirror) {
 632         return java_mirror;
 633       }
 634     }
 635   }
 636 
 637   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_mirror)) {
 638     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(java_mirror));
 639   } else {
 640     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_mirror));
 641   }
 642 }
 643 
 644 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(BasicType t) {
 645   assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
 646   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 647   return _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve();
 648 }
 649 
 650 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k) {
 651   return _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 652 }
 653 
 654 void HeapShared::set_scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k, oop mirror) {
 655   _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(k, mirror);
 656 }
 657 
 658 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_objects(Klass* k) {
 659   // Klass is being deallocated. Java mirror can still be alive, and it should not
 660   // point to dead klass. We need to break the link from mirror to the Klass.
 661   // See how InstanceKlass::deallocate_contents does it for normal mirrors.
 662   oop mirror = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 663   if (mirror != nullptr) {
 664     java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror, nullptr);
 665   }
 666   _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(k);
 667   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 668     _scratch_objects_table->remove(InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants());
 669   }
 670 }
 671 
 672 //TODO: we eventually want a more direct test for these kinds of things.
 673 //For example the JVM could record some bit of context from the creation
 674 //of the klass, such as who called the hidden class factory.  Using
 675 //string compares on names is fragile and will break as soon as somebody
 676 //changes the names in the JDK code.  See discussion in JDK-8342481 for
 677 //related ideas about marking AOT-related classes.
 678 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_form_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 679   return ik->is_hidden() &&
 680     (ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$MH+") ||
 681      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$DMH+") ||
 682      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$BMH+") ||
 683      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$VH+"));
 684 }
 685 
 686 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 687   return ik->is_hidden() && (ik->name()->index_of_at(0, "$$Lambda+", 9) > 0);
 688 }
 689 
 690 bool HeapShared::is_string_concat_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 691   return ik->is_hidden() && ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/String$$StringConcat");
 692 }
 693 
 694 bool HeapShared::is_archivable_hidden_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 695   return CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles() &&
 696     (is_lambda_form_klass(ik) || is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) || is_string_concat_klass(ik));
 697 }
 698 
 699 
 700 void HeapShared::copy_and_rescan_aot_inited_mirror(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 701   ik->set_has_aot_initialized_mirror();
 702 
 703   oop orig_mirror;
 704   if (RegeneratedClasses::is_regenerated_object(ik)) {
 705     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = RegeneratedClasses::get_original_object(ik);
 706     precond(orig_ik->is_initialized());
 707     orig_mirror = orig_ik->java_mirror();
 708   } else {
 709     precond(ik->is_initialized());
 710     orig_mirror = ik->java_mirror();
 711   }
 712 
 713   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(ik);
 714   int nfields = 0;
 715   for (JavaFieldStream fs(ik); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 716     if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
 717       fieldDescriptor& fd = fs.field_descriptor();
 718       int offset = fd.offset();
 719       switch (fd.field_type()) {
 720       case T_OBJECT:
 721       case T_ARRAY:
 722         {
 723           oop field_obj = orig_mirror->obj_field(offset);
 724           if (offset == java_lang_Class::reflection_data_offset()) {
 725             // Class::reflectData use SoftReference, which cannot be archived. Set it
 726             // to null and it will be recreated at runtime.
 727             field_obj = nullptr;
 728           }
 729           m->obj_field_put(offset, field_obj);
 730           if (field_obj != nullptr) {
 731             bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, field_obj);
 732             assert(success, "sanity");
 733           }
 734         }
 735         break;
 736       case T_BOOLEAN:
 737         m->bool_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->bool_field(offset));
 738         break;
 739       case T_BYTE:
 740         m->byte_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->byte_field(offset));
 741         break;
 742       case T_SHORT:
 743         m->short_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->short_field(offset));
 744         break;
 745       case T_CHAR:
 746         m->char_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->char_field(offset));
 747         break;
 748       case T_INT:
 749         m->int_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->int_field(offset));
 750         break;
 751       case T_LONG:
 752         m->long_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->long_field(offset));
 753         break;
 754       case T_FLOAT:
 755         m->float_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->float_field(offset));
 756         break;
 757       case T_DOUBLE:
 758         m->double_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->double_field(offset));
 759         break;
 760       default:
 761         ShouldNotReachHere();
 762       }
 763       nfields ++;
 764     }
 765   }
 766 
 767   oop class_data = java_lang_Class::class_data(orig_mirror);
 768   java_lang_Class::set_class_data(m, class_data);
 769   if (class_data != nullptr) {
 770     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, class_data);
 771     assert(success, "sanity");
 772   }
 773 
 774   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, init)) {
 775     ResourceMark rm;
 776     log_debug(aot, init)("copied %3d field(s) in aot-initialized mirror %s%s%s", nfields, ik->external_name(),
 777                          ik->is_hidden() ? " (hidden)" : "",
 778                          ik->is_enum_subclass() ? " (enum)" : "");
 779   }
 780 }
 781 
 782 void HeapShared::copy_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror, oop scratch_m) {
 783   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
 784   // in the shared heap.
 785   if (!orig_mirror->fast_no_hash_check()) {
 786     intptr_t src_hash = orig_mirror->identity_hash();
 787     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 788       narrowKlass nk = CompressedKlassPointers::encode(orig_mirror->klass());
 789       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk).copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 790     } else {
 791       // For valhalla, the prototype header is the same as markWord::prototype();
 792       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 793     }
 794     assert(scratch_m->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
 795 
 796     DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = scratch_m->identity_hash());
 797     assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
 798   }
 799 
 800   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_mirror);
 801   if (k != nullptr && k->is_instance_klass()) {
 802     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 803 
 804     if (ik->is_inline_klass() && ik->is_initialized()) {
 805       // Only concrete value classes need the null_reset field
 806       InlineKlass* ilk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 807       if (ilk->supports_nullable_layouts()) {
 808         scratch_m->obj_field_put(ilk->null_reset_value_offset(), ilk->null_reset_value());
 809       }
 810     }
 811 
 812     if (ik->has_acmp_maps_offset()) {
 813       int maps_offset = ik->acmp_maps_offset();
 814       oop maps = orig_mirror->obj_field(maps_offset);
 815       scratch_m->obj_field_put(maps_offset, maps);
 816     }
 817   }
 818 
 819   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 820     java_lang_Class::set_module(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::module(orig_mirror));
 821     java_lang_Class::set_protection_domain(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::protection_domain(orig_mirror));
 822   }
 823 }
 824 
 825 static objArrayOop get_archived_resolved_references(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
 826   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src_ik->class_loader_data())) {
 827     objArrayOop rr = src_ik->constants()->resolved_references_or_null();
 828     if (rr != nullptr && !HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(rr)) {
 829       return HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(src_ik->constants());
 830     }
 831   }
 832   return nullptr;
 833 }
 834 
 835 int HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(oop exception) {
 836   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, exception);
 837   assert(success, "sanity");
 838   return append_root(exception);
 839 }
 840 
 841 void HeapShared::get_pointer_info(oop src_obj, bool& has_oop_pointers, bool& has_native_pointers) {
 842   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 843   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 844   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 845   has_oop_pointers = info->has_oop_pointers();
 846   has_native_pointers = info->has_native_pointers();
 847 }
 848 
 849 void HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(oop src_obj) {
 850   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 851   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 852   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 853   info->set_has_native_pointers();
 854 }
 855 
 856 // Between start_scanning_for_oops() and end_scanning_for_oops(), we discover all Java heap objects that
 857 // should be stored in the AOT cache. The scanning is coordinated by AOTArtifactFinder.
 858 void HeapShared::start_scanning_for_oops() {
 859   {
 860     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 861 
 862     // The special subgraph doesn't belong to any class. We use Object_klass() here just
 863     // for convenience.
 864     _dump_time_special_subgraph = init_subgraph_info(vmClasses::Object_klass(), false);
 865 
 866     // Cache for recording where the archived objects are copied to
 867     create_archived_object_cache();
 868 
 869     if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode() && (UseG1GC || UseCompressedOops)) {
 870       aot_log_info(aot)("Heap range = [" PTR_FORMAT " - "  PTR_FORMAT "]",
 871                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::begin()) :
 872                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().start()),
 873                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::end()) :
 874                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end()));
 875     }
 876 
 877     archive_subgraphs();
 878   }
 879 
 880   init_seen_objects_table();
 881   Universe::archive_exception_instances();
 882 }
 883 
 884 void HeapShared::end_scanning_for_oops() {
 885   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 886     StringTable::init_shared_table();
 887   }
 888   delete_seen_objects_table();
 889 }
 890 
 891 void HeapShared::write_heap(AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info, AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
 892   {
 893     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 894     CDSHeapVerifier::verify();
 895     check_special_subgraph_classes();
 896   }
 897 
 898   if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
 899     StringTable::write_shared_table();
 900     AOTMappedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, mapped_heap_info);
 901   } else {
 902     assert(HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode(), "are there more modes?");
 903     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, streamed_heap_info);
 904   }
 905 
 906   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
 907   write_subgraph_info_table();
 908 }
 909 
 910 void HeapShared::scan_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror) {
 911   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(orig_mirror);
 912   if (m != nullptr) { // nullptr if for custom class loader
 913     copy_java_mirror(orig_mirror, m);
 914     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, m);
 915     assert(success, "sanity");
 916   }
 917 }
 918 
 919 void HeapShared::scan_java_class(Klass* orig_k) {
 920   scan_java_mirror(orig_k->java_mirror());
 921 
 922   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
 923     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
 924     orig_ik->constants()->prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving();
 925     objArrayOop rr = get_archived_resolved_references(orig_ik);
 926     if (rr != nullptr) {
 927       bool success = HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, rr);
 928       assert(success, "must be");
 929     }
 930   }
 931 }
 932 
 933 void HeapShared::archive_subgraphs() {
 934   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
 935 
 936   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
 937     archive_object_subgraphs(archive_subgraph_entry_fields,
 938                              false /* is_full_module_graph */);
 939     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
 940       archive_object_subgraphs(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields,
 941                                true /* is_full_module_graph */);
 942     }
 943   }
 944 }
 945 
 946 //
 947 // Subgraph archiving support
 948 //
 949 HeapShared::DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* HeapShared::_dump_time_subgraph_info_table = nullptr;
 950 HeapShared::RunTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable   HeapShared::_run_time_subgraph_info_table;
 951 
 952 // Get the subgraph_info for Klass k. A new subgraph_info is created if
 953 // there is no existing one for k. The subgraph_info records the "buffered"
 954 // address of the class.
 955 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::init_subgraph_info(Klass* k, bool is_full_module_graph) {
 956   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 957   bool created;
 958   KlassSubGraphInfo* info =
 959     _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->put_if_absent(k, KlassSubGraphInfo(k, is_full_module_graph),
 960                                                   &created);
 961   assert(created, "must not initialize twice");
 962   return info;
 963 }
 964 
 965 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::get_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
 966   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 967   KlassSubGraphInfo* info = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->get(k);
 968   assert(info != nullptr, "must have been initialized");
 969   return info;
 970 }
 971 
 972 // Add an entry field to the current KlassSubGraphInfo.
 973 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_entry_field(int static_field_offset, oop v) {
 974   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 975   if (_subgraph_entry_fields == nullptr) {
 976     _subgraph_entry_fields =
 977       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<int>(10, mtClass);
 978   }
 979   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(static_field_offset);
 980   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(HeapShared::append_root(v));
 981 }
 982 
 983 // Add the Klass* for an object in the current KlassSubGraphInfo's subgraphs.
 984 // Only objects of boot classes can be included in sub-graph.
 985 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_object_klass(Klass* orig_k) {
 986   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
 987 
 988   if (_subgraph_object_klasses == nullptr) {
 989     _subgraph_object_klasses =
 990       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(50, mtClass);
 991   }
 992 
 993   if (_k == orig_k) {
 994     // Don't add the Klass containing the sub-graph to it's own klass
 995     // initialization list.
 996     return;
 997   }
 998 
 999   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1000 #ifdef ASSERT
1001     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1002     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1003       // -XX:AOTInitTestClass must be used carefully in regression tests to
1004       // include only classes that are safe to aot-initialize.
1005       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1006              HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) ||
1007              AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class(),
1008             "we can archive only instances of boot classes or lambda proxy classes");
1009     } else {
1010       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr, "must be boot class");
1011     }
1012 #endif
1013     // vmClasses::xxx_klass() are not updated, need to check
1014     // the original Klass*
1015     if (orig_k == vmClasses::String_klass() ||
1016         orig_k == vmClasses::Object_klass()) {
1017       // Initialized early during VM initialization. No need to be added
1018       // to the sub-graph object class list.
1019       return;
1020     }
1021     check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k));
1022   } else if (orig_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1023     Klass* abk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass();
1024     if (abk->is_instance_klass()) {
1025       assert(InstanceKlass::cast(abk)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
1026             "must be boot class");
1027       check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass()));
1028     }
1029     if (orig_k == Universe::objectArrayKlass()) {
1030       // Initialized early during Universe::genesis. No need to be added
1031       // to the list.
1032       return;
1033     }
1034     if (orig_k->is_flatArray_klass()) {
1035       _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(FlatArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->element_klass());
1036     }
1037   } else {
1038     assert(orig_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "must be");
1039     // Primitive type arrays are created early during Universe::genesis.
1040     return;
1041   }
1042 
1043   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1044     if (!_subgraph_object_klasses->contains(orig_k)) {
1045       ResourceMark rm;
1046       log_debug(aot, heap)("Adding klass %s", orig_k->external_name());
1047     }
1048   }
1049 
1050   _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(orig_k);
1051   _has_non_early_klasses |= is_non_early_klass(orig_k);
1052 }
1053 
1054 void KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
1055 #ifndef PRODUCT
1056   if (AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class()) {
1057     // The tests can cache arbitrary types of objects.
1058     return;
1059   }
1060 #endif
1061 
1062   if (ik->module()->name() == vmSymbols::java_base()) {
1063     assert(ik->package() != nullptr, "classes in java.base cannot be in unnamed package");
1064     return;
1065   }
1066 
1067   const char* lambda_msg = "";
1068   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1069     lambda_msg = ", or a lambda proxy class";
1070     if (HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) &&
1071         (ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1072          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() ||
1073          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_system_loader())) {
1074       return;
1075     }
1076   }
1077 
1078 #ifndef PRODUCT
1079   if (!ik->module()->is_named() && ik->package() == nullptr && ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1080     // This class is loaded by ArchiveHeapTestClass
1081     return;
1082   }
1083   const char* testcls_msg = ", or a test class in an unnamed package of an unnamed module";
1084 #else
1085   const char* testcls_msg = "";
1086 #endif
1087 
1088   ResourceMark rm;
1089   log_error(aot, heap)("Class %s not allowed in archive heap. Must be in java.base%s%s",
1090                        ik->external_name(), lambda_msg, testcls_msg);
1091   AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1092 }
1093 
1094 bool KlassSubGraphInfo::is_non_early_klass(Klass* k) {
1095   if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1096     k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
1097   }
1098   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1099     if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_early_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(k))) {
1100       ResourceMark rm;
1101       log_info(aot, heap)("non-early: %s", k->external_name());
1102       return true;
1103     } else {
1104       return false;
1105     }
1106   } else {
1107     return false;
1108   }
1109 }
1110 
1111 // Initialize an archived subgraph_info_record from the given KlassSubGraphInfo.
1112 void ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord::init(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1113   _k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(info->klass());
1114   _entry_field_records = nullptr;
1115   _subgraph_object_klasses = nullptr;
1116   _is_full_module_graph = info->is_full_module_graph();
1117 
1118   if (_is_full_module_graph) {
1119     // Consider all classes referenced by the full module graph as early -- we will be
1120     // allocating objects of these classes during JVMTI early phase, so they cannot
1121     // be processed by (non-early) JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook
1122     _has_non_early_klasses = false;
1123   } else {
1124     _has_non_early_klasses = info->has_non_early_klasses();
1125   }
1126 
1127   if (_has_non_early_klasses) {
1128     ResourceMark rm;
1129     log_info(aot, heap)(
1130           "Subgraph of klass %s has non-early klasses and cannot be used when JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook is enabled",
1131           _k->external_name());
1132   }
1133 
1134   // populate the entry fields
1135   GrowableArray<int>* entry_fields = info->subgraph_entry_fields();
1136   if (entry_fields != nullptr) {
1137     int num_entry_fields = entry_fields->length();
1138     assert(num_entry_fields % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1139     _entry_field_records =
1140       ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<int>(num_entry_fields);
1141     for (int i = 0 ; i < num_entry_fields; i++) {
1142       _entry_field_records->at_put(i, entry_fields->at(i));
1143     }
1144   }
1145 
1146   // <recorded_klasses> has the Klasses of all the objects that are referenced by this subgraph.
1147   // Copy those that need to be explicitly initialized into <_subgraph_object_klasses>.
1148   GrowableArray<Klass*>* recorded_klasses = info->subgraph_object_klasses();
1149   if (recorded_klasses != nullptr) {
1150     // AOT-inited classes are automatically marked as "initialized" during bootstrap. When
1151     // programmatically loading a subgraph, we only need to explicitly initialize the classes
1152     // that are not aot-inited.
1153     int num_to_copy = 0;
1154     for (int i = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1155       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1156       if (!subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1157         num_to_copy ++;
1158       }
1159     }
1160 
1161     _subgraph_object_klasses = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Klass*>(num_to_copy);
1162     bool is_special = (_k == ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(vmClasses::Object_klass()));
1163     for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1164       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1165       if (subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1166         continue;
1167       }
1168       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1169         ResourceMark rm;
1170         const char* owner_name =  is_special ? "<special>" : _k->external_name();
1171         if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1172           InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(subgraph_k));
1173         }
1174         log_info(aot, heap)(
1175           "Archived object klass %s (%2d) => %s",
1176           owner_name, n, subgraph_k->external_name());
1177       }
1178       _subgraph_object_klasses->at_put(n, subgraph_k);
1179       ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(_subgraph_object_klasses->adr_at(n));
1180       n++;
1181     }
1182   }
1183 
1184   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_k);
1185   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_entry_field_records);
1186   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_subgraph_object_klasses);
1187 }
1188 
1189 class HeapShared::CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive : StackObj {
1190   CompactHashtableWriter* _writer;
1191 public:
1192   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive(CompactHashtableWriter* writer) : _writer(writer) {}
1193 
1194   bool do_entry(Klass* klass, KlassSubGraphInfo& info) {
1195     if (info.subgraph_object_klasses() != nullptr || info.subgraph_entry_fields() != nullptr) {
1196       ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(&info);
1197       Klass* buffered_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(klass);
1198       unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary((address)buffered_k);
1199       _writer->add(hash, AOTCompressedPointers::encode_not_null(record));
1200     }
1201     return true; // keep on iterating
1202   }
1203 };
1204 
1205 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1206   ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1207       (ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*)ArchiveBuilder::ro_region_alloc(sizeof(ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord));
1208   record->init(info);
1209   if (info ==  _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1210     _run_time_special_subgraph = record;
1211   }
1212   return record;
1213 }
1214 
1215 // Build the records of archived subgraph infos, which include:
1216 // - Entry points to all subgraphs from the containing class mirror. The entry
1217 //   points are static fields in the mirror. For each entry point, the field
1218 //   offset, and value are recorded in the sub-graph
1219 //   info. The value is stored back to the corresponding field at runtime.
1220 // - A list of klasses that need to be loaded/initialized before archived
1221 //   java object sub-graph can be accessed at runtime.
1222 void HeapShared::write_subgraph_info_table() {
1223   // Allocate the contents of the hashtable(s) inside the RO region of the CDS archive.
1224   DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* d_table = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table;
1225   CompactHashtableStats stats;
1226 
1227   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.reset();
1228 
1229   CompactHashtableWriter writer(d_table->number_of_entries(), &stats);
1230   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive copy(&writer);
1231   d_table->iterate(&copy);
1232   writer.dump(&_run_time_subgraph_info_table, "subgraphs");
1233 
1234 #ifndef PRODUCT
1235   if (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1236     size_t len = strlen(ArchiveHeapTestClass) + 1;
1237     Array<char>* array = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<char>((int)len);
1238     strncpy(array->adr_at(0), ArchiveHeapTestClass, len);
1239     _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = array;
1240   }
1241 #endif
1242   if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1243     print_stats();
1244   }
1245 }
1246 
1247 void HeapShared::serialize_tables(SerializeClosure* soc) {
1248 
1249 #ifndef PRODUCT
1250   soc->do_ptr(&_archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass);
1251   if (soc->reading() && _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1252     _test_class_name = _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass->adr_at(0);
1253     setup_test_class(_test_class_name);
1254   }
1255 #endif
1256 
1257   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.serialize_header(soc);
1258   soc->do_ptr(&_run_time_special_subgraph);
1259 }
1260 
1261 static void verify_the_heap(Klass* k, const char* which) {
1262   if (VerifyArchivedFields > 0) {
1263     ResourceMark rm;
1264     log_info(aot, heap)("Verify heap %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1265                         which, k->external_name());
1266 
1267     if (VerifyArchivedFields == 1) {
1268       VM_Verify verify_op;
1269       VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
1270     } else if (VerifyArchivedFields == 2 && is_init_completed()) {
1271       // At this time, the oop->klass() of some archived objects in the heap may not
1272       // have been loaded into the system dictionary yet. Nevertheless, oop->klass() should
1273       // have enough information (object size, oop maps, etc) so that a GC can be safely
1274       // performed.
1275       //
1276       // -XX:VerifyArchivedFields=2 force a GC to happen in such an early stage
1277       // to check for GC safety.
1278       log_info(aot, heap)("Trigger GC %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1279                           which, k->external_name());
1280       FlagSetting fs1(VerifyBeforeGC, true);
1281       FlagSetting fs2(VerifyDuringGC, true);
1282       FlagSetting fs3(VerifyAfterGC,  true);
1283       Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
1284     }
1285   }
1286 }
1287 
1288 // Before GC can execute, we must ensure that all oops reachable from HeapShared::roots()
1289 // have a valid klass. I.e., oopDesc::klass() must have already been resolved.
1290 //
1291 // Note: if a ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord contains non-early classes, and JVMTI
1292 // ClassFileLoadHook is enabled, it's possible for this class to be dynamically replaced. In
1293 // this case, we will not load the ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord and will clear its roots.
1294 void HeapShared::resolve_classes(JavaThread* current) {
1295   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only!");
1296   if (CDSConfig::is_using_klass_subgraphs()) {
1297     resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1298     resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1299   }
1300 }
1301 
1302 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(JavaThread* current, ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
1303   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
1304     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
1305     TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
1306     InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name);
1307     assert(k != nullptr && k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1308     resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(current, k);
1309   }
1310 }
1311 
1312 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1313   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1314   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1315   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1316    resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
1317   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1318    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1319   }
1320   if (record == nullptr) {
1321    clear_archived_roots_of(k);
1322   }
1323 }
1324 
1325 void HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(TRAPS) {
1326   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes() || CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1327     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/Invokers$Holder", true, CHECK);
1328     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle", true, CHECK);
1329     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives", true, CHECK);
1330     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1331     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DelegatingMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1332     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Holder", true, CHECK);
1333     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle$Species_L", true, CHECK);
1334   }
1335 }
1336 
1337 // Initialize the InstanceKlasses of objects that are reachable from the following roots:
1338 //   - interned strings
1339 //   - Klass::java_mirror() -- including aot-initialized mirrors such as those of Enum klasses.
1340 //   - ConstantPool::resolved_references()
1341 //   - Universe::<xxx>_exception_instance()
1342 //
1343 // For example, if this enum class is initialized at AOT cache assembly time:
1344 //
1345 //    enum Fruit {
1346 //       APPLE, ORANGE, BANANA;
1347 //       static final Set<Fruit> HAVE_SEEDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(APPLE, ORANGE));
1348 //   }
1349 //
1350 // the aot-initialized mirror of Fruit has a static field that references HashSet, which
1351 // should be initialized before any Java code can access the Fruit class. Note that
1352 // HashSet itself doesn't necessary need to be an aot-initialized class.
1353 void HeapShared::init_classes_for_special_subgraph(Handle class_loader, TRAPS) {
1354   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1355     return;
1356   }
1357 
1358   assert( _run_time_special_subgraph != nullptr, "must be");
1359   Array<Klass*>* klasses = _run_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1360   if (klasses != nullptr) {
1361     for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass ++) {
1362       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1363         Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
1364         if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1365           // This class is not yet loaded. We will initialize it in a later phase.
1366           // For example, we have loaded only AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT1 classes
1367           // but k is part of AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT2.
1368           continue;
1369         }
1370         if (k->class_loader() == class_loader()) {
1371           if (pass == 0) {
1372             if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1373               InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class(CHECK);
1374             }
1375           } else {
1376             resolve_or_init(k, /*do_init*/true, CHECK);
1377           }
1378         }
1379       }
1380     }
1381   }
1382 }
1383 
1384 void HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1385   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1386   if (!CDSConfig::is_using_klass_subgraphs()) {
1387     return; // nothing to do
1388   }
1389 
1390   if (k->name()->equals("jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph") &&
1391       !CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() &&
1392       // archive was created with --module-path
1393       AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths() > 0) {
1394     // ArchivedModuleGraph was created with a --module-path that's different than the runtime --module-path.
1395     // Thus, it might contain references to modules that do not exist at runtime. We cannot use it.
1396     log_info(aot, heap)("Skip initializing ArchivedModuleGraph subgraph: is_using_optimized_module_handling=%s num_module_paths=%d",
1397                         BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling()),
1398                         AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths());
1399     return;
1400   }
1401 
1402   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1403   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1404     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
1405 
1406   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1407     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1408     // None of the field value will be set if there was an exception when initializing the classes.
1409     // The java code will not see any of the archived objects in the
1410     // subgraphs referenced from k in this case.
1411     return;
1412   }
1413 
1414   if (record != nullptr) {
1415     init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
1416   }
1417 }
1418 
1419 const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*
1420 HeapShared::resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1421   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "Should not be called when dumping heap");
1422 
1423   if (!k->in_aot_cache()) {
1424     return nullptr;
1425   }
1426   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1427   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1428 
1429 #ifndef PRODUCT
1430   if (_test_class_name != nullptr && k->name()->equals(_test_class_name) && record != nullptr) {
1431     _test_class = k;
1432     _test_class_record = record;
1433   }
1434 #endif
1435 
1436   // Initialize from archived data. Currently this is done only
1437   // during VM initialization time. No lock is needed.
1438   if (record == nullptr) {
1439     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1440       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1441       log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s is not recorded",
1442                           k->external_name());
1443     }
1444     return nullptr;
1445   } else {
1446     if (record->is_full_module_graph() && !CDSConfig::is_using_full_module_graph()) {
1447       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1448         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1449         log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s cannot be used because full module graph is disabled",
1450                             k->external_name());
1451       }
1452       return nullptr;
1453     }
1454 
1455     if (record->has_non_early_klasses() && JvmtiExport::should_post_class_file_load_hook()) {
1456       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1457         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1458         log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s cannot be used because JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook is enabled",
1459                             k->external_name());
1460       }
1461       return nullptr;
1462     }
1463 
1464     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1465       ResourceMark rm;
1466       log_info(aot, heap)("%s subgraph %s ", do_init ? "init" : "resolve", k->external_name());
1467     }
1468 
1469     Array<Klass*>* klasses = record->subgraph_object_klasses();
1470 
1471     if (do_init && klasses != nullptr) {
1472       // All the classes of the oops in this subgraph are in the klasses array.
1473       // Link them first in case any of the oops are used in the <clinit> methods
1474       // invoked in the rest of this function.
1475       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1476         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1477         if (klass->in_aot_cache() && klass->is_instance_klass()) {
1478           InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->link_class(CHECK_NULL);
1479         }
1480       }
1481     }
1482 
1483     resolve_or_init(k, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1484 
1485     // Load/link/initialize the klasses of the objects in the subgraph.
1486     // nullptr class loader is used.
1487     if (klasses != nullptr) {
1488       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1489         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1490         if (!klass->in_aot_cache()) {
1491           return nullptr;
1492         }
1493         resolve_or_init(klass, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1494       }
1495     }
1496   }
1497 
1498   return record;
1499 }
1500 
1501 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(const char* klass_name, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1502   TempNewSymbol klass_name_sym =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name);
1503   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name_sym);
1504   if (k == nullptr) {
1505     return;
1506   }
1507   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1508   resolve_or_init(k, false, CHECK);
1509   if (do_init) {
1510     resolve_or_init(k, true, CHECK);
1511   }
1512 }
1513 
1514 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1515   if (!do_init) {
1516     if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1517       Klass* resolved_k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(k->name(), CHECK);
1518       if (resolved_k->is_array_klass()) {
1519         assert(resolved_k == k || resolved_k == k->super(), "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1520       } else {
1521         assert(resolved_k == k, "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1522       }
1523     }
1524   } else {
1525     assert(k->class_loader_data() != nullptr, "must have been resolved by HeapShared::resolve_classes");
1526     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1527       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1528       ik->initialize(CHECK);
1529     } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1530       ObjArrayKlass* oak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k);
1531       oak->initialize(CHECK);
1532     }
1533   }
1534 }
1535 
1536 void HeapShared::init_archived_fields_for(Klass* k, const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record) {
1537   verify_the_heap(k, "before");
1538 
1539   Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1540   if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1541     int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1542     assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1543     for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1544       int field_offset = entry_field_records->at(i);
1545       int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1546       // Load the subgraph entry fields from the record and store them back to
1547       // the corresponding fields within the mirror.
1548       oop v = get_root(root_index, /*clear=*/true);
1549       oop m = k->java_mirror();
1550       if (k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1551         assert(v == m->obj_field(field_offset), "must be aot-initialized");
1552       } else {
1553         m->obj_field_put(field_offset, v);
1554       }
1555       log_debug(aot, heap)("  " PTR_FORMAT " init field @ %2d = " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(k), field_offset, p2i(v));
1556     }
1557 
1558     // Done. Java code can see the archived sub-graphs referenced from k's
1559     // mirror after this point.
1560     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1561       ResourceMark rm;
1562       log_info(aot, heap)("initialize_from_archived_subgraph %s " PTR_FORMAT "%s%s",
1563                           k->external_name(), p2i(k), JvmtiExport::is_early_phase() ? " (early)" : "",
1564                           k->has_aot_initialized_mirror() ? " (aot-inited)" : "");
1565     }
1566   }
1567 
1568   verify_the_heap(k, "after ");
1569 }
1570 
1571 void HeapShared::clear_archived_roots_of(Klass* k) {
1572   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1573   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1574   if (record != nullptr) {
1575     Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1576     if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1577       int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1578       assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1579       for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1580         int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1581         clear_root(root_index);
1582       }
1583     }
1584   }
1585 }
1586 
1587 // Push all oop fields (or oop array elemenets in case of an objArray) in
1588 // _referencing_obj onto the _stack.
1589 class HeapShared::OopFieldPusher: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1590   PendingOopStack* _stack;
1591   GrowableArray<oop> _found_oop_fields;
1592   int _level;
1593   bool _record_klasses_only;
1594   KlassSubGraphInfo* _subgraph_info;
1595   oop _referencing_obj;
1596   bool _is_java_lang_ref;
1597  public:
1598   OopFieldPusher(PendingOopStack* stack,
1599                  int level,
1600                  bool record_klasses_only,
1601                  KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1602                  oop orig) :
1603     _stack(stack),
1604     _found_oop_fields(),
1605     _level(level),
1606     _record_klasses_only(record_klasses_only),
1607     _subgraph_info(subgraph_info),
1608     _referencing_obj(orig) {
1609     _is_java_lang_ref = AOTReferenceObjSupport::check_if_ref_obj(orig);
1610   }
1611   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1612   void do_oop(      oop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1613 
1614   ~OopFieldPusher() {
1615     while (_found_oop_fields.length() > 0) {
1616       // This produces the exact same traversal order as the previous version
1617       // of OopFieldPusher that recurses on the C stack -- a depth-first search,
1618       // walking the oop fields in _referencing_obj by ascending field offsets.
1619       oop obj = _found_oop_fields.pop();
1620       _stack->push(PendingOop(obj, _referencing_obj, _level + 1));
1621     }
1622   }
1623 
1624  protected:
1625   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1626     int field_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((char*)p, cast_from_oop<char*>(_referencing_obj));
1627     oop obj = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(_referencing_obj, field_offset);
1628     if (obj != nullptr) {
1629       if (_is_java_lang_ref && AOTReferenceObjSupport::skip_field(field_offset)) {
1630         // Do not follow these fields. They will be cleared to null.
1631         return;
1632       }
1633 
1634       if (!_record_klasses_only && log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1635         ResourceMark rm;
1636         log_debug(aot, heap)("(%d) %s[%d] ==> " PTR_FORMAT " size %zu %s", _level,
1637                              _referencing_obj->klass()->external_name(), field_offset,
1638                              p2i(obj), obj->size() * HeapWordSize, obj->klass()->external_name());
1639         if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1640           LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1641           LogStream out(log);
1642           obj->print_on(&out);
1643         }
1644       }
1645 
1646       _found_oop_fields.push(obj);
1647     }
1648   }
1649 
1650  public:
1651   oop referencing_obj()                       { return _referencing_obj;      }
1652   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info()          { return _subgraph_info;        }
1653 };
1654 
1655 // Checks if an oop has any non-null oop fields
1656 class PointsToOopsChecker : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1657   bool _result;
1658 
1659   template <class T> void check(T *p) {
1660     _result |= (HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p) != nullptr);
1661   }
1662 
1663 public:
1664   PointsToOopsChecker() : _result(false) {}
1665   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { check(p); }
1666   void do_oop(      oop *p) { check(p); }
1667   bool result() { return _result; }
1668 };
1669 
1670 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo HeapShared::make_cached_oop_info(oop obj, oop referrer) {
1671   PointsToOopsChecker points_to_oops_checker;
1672   obj->oop_iterate(&points_to_oops_checker);
1673   return CachedOopInfo(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), referrer), points_to_oops_checker.result());
1674 }
1675 
1676 void HeapShared::init_box_classes(TRAPS) {
1677   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1678     vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1679     vmClasses::Character_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1680     vmClasses::Float_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1681     vmClasses::Double_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1682     vmClasses::Byte_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1683     vmClasses::Short_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1684     vmClasses::Integer_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1685     vmClasses::Long_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1686     vmClasses::Void_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1687   }
1688 }
1689 
1690 // (1) If orig_obj has not been archived yet, archive it.
1691 // (2) If orig_obj has not been seen yet (since start_recording_subgraph() was called),
1692 //     trace all  objects that are reachable from it, and make sure these objects are archived.
1693 // (3) Record the klasses of all objects that are reachable from orig_obj (including those that
1694 //     were already archived when this function is called)
1695 bool HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(int level,
1696                                                 KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1697                                                 oop orig_obj) {
1698   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1699   PendingOopStack stack;
1700   stack.push(PendingOop(orig_obj, nullptr, level));
1701 
1702   while (stack.length() > 0) {
1703     PendingOop po = stack.pop();
1704     _object_being_archived = po;
1705     bool status = walk_one_object(&stack, po.level(), subgraph_info, po.obj(), po.referrer());
1706     _object_being_archived = PendingOop();
1707 
1708     if (!status) {
1709       // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1710       // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1711       assert(level == 1, "VM should have exited with unarchivable objects for _level > 1");
1712       return false;
1713     }
1714   }
1715 
1716   return true;
1717 }
1718 
1719 bool HeapShared::walk_one_object(PendingOopStack* stack, int level, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1720                                  oop orig_obj, oop referrer) {
1721   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1722   if (!JavaClasses::is_supported_for_archiving(orig_obj)) {
1723     // This object has injected fields that cannot be supported easily, so we disallow them for now.
1724     // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added
1725     // these objects that are referenced (directly or indirectly) by static fields.
1726     ResourceMark rm;
1727     log_error(aot, heap)("Cannot archive object " PTR_FORMAT " of class %s", p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->klass()->external_name());
1728     debug_trace();
1729     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1730   }
1731 
1732   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap) && java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1733     ResourceMark rm;
1734     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
1735     LogStream out(log);
1736     out.print("Found java mirror " PTR_FORMAT " ", p2i(orig_obj));
1737     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1738     if (k != nullptr) {
1739       out.print("%s", k->external_name());
1740     } else {
1741       out.print("primitive");
1742     }
1743     out.print_cr("; scratch mirror = "  PTR_FORMAT,
1744                  p2i(scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj)));
1745   }
1746 
1747   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1748     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1749     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
1750       orig_obj = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k)->java_mirror();
1751     }
1752   }
1753 
1754   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1755     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1756       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1757       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1758     }
1759   } else if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj) && subgraph_info != _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1760     // Without CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes(), we only allow archived objects to
1761     // point to the mirrors of (1) j.l.Object, (2) primitive classes, and (3) box classes. These are initialized
1762     // very early by HeapShared::init_box_classes().
1763     if (orig_obj == vmClasses::Object_klass()->java_mirror()
1764         || java_lang_Class::is_primitive(orig_obj)
1765         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->java_mirror()
1766         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Character_klass()->java_mirror()
1767         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Float_klass()->java_mirror()
1768         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Double_klass()->java_mirror()
1769         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Byte_klass()->java_mirror()
1770         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Short_klass()->java_mirror()
1771         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Integer_klass()->java_mirror()
1772         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Long_klass()->java_mirror()
1773         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Void_klass()->java_mirror()) {
1774       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1775       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1776     } else {
1777       // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added a Class
1778       // object that is referenced (directly or indirectly) by an ArchivableStaticFieldInfo
1779       // defined at the top of this file.
1780       log_error(aot, heap)("(%d) Unknown java.lang.Class object is in the archived sub-graph", level);
1781       debug_trace();
1782       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1783     }
1784   }
1785 
1786   if (has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj)) {
1787     // orig_obj has already been archived and traced. Nothing more to do.
1788     return true;
1789   } else {
1790     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj);
1791   }
1792 
1793   bool already_archived = has_been_archived(orig_obj);
1794   bool record_klasses_only = already_archived;
1795   if (!already_archived) {
1796     ++_num_new_archived_objs;
1797     if (!archive_object(orig_obj, referrer, subgraph_info)) {
1798       // Skip archiving the sub-graph referenced from the current entry field.
1799       ResourceMark rm;
1800       log_error(aot, heap)(
1801         "Cannot archive the sub-graph referenced from %s object ("
1802         PTR_FORMAT ") size %zu, skipped.",
1803         orig_obj->klass()->external_name(), p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->size() * HeapWordSize);
1804       if (level == 1) {
1805         // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1806         // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1807         return false;
1808       } else {
1809         // We don't know how to handle an object that has been archived, but some of its reachable
1810         // objects cannot be archived. Bail out for now. We might need to fix this in the future if
1811         // we have a real use case.
1812         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1813       }
1814     }
1815   }
1816 
1817   Klass *orig_k = orig_obj->klass();
1818   subgraph_info->add_subgraph_object_klass(orig_k);
1819 
1820   {
1821     // Find all the oops that are referenced by orig_obj, push them onto the stack
1822     // so we can work on them next.
1823     ResourceMark rm;
1824     OopFieldPusher pusher(stack, level, record_klasses_only, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1825     orig_obj->oop_iterate(&pusher);
1826   }
1827 
1828   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1829     // The enum klasses are archived with aot-initialized mirror.
1830     // See AOTClassInitializer::can_archive_initialized_mirror().
1831   } else {
1832     // This is legacy support for enum classes before JEP 483 -- we cannot rerun
1833     // the enum's <clinit> in the production run, so special handling is needed.
1834     if (CDSEnumKlass::is_enum_obj(orig_obj)) {
1835       CDSEnumKlass::handle_enum_obj(level + 1, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1836     }
1837   }
1838 
1839   return true;
1840 }
1841 
1842 //
1843 // Start from the given static field in a java mirror and archive the
1844 // complete sub-graph of java heap objects that are reached directly
1845 // or indirectly from the starting object by following references.
1846 // Sub-graph archiving restrictions (current):
1847 //
1848 // - All classes of objects in the archived sub-graph (including the
1849 //   entry class) must be boot class only.
1850 // - No java.lang.Class instance (java mirror) can be included inside
1851 //   an archived sub-graph. Mirror can only be the sub-graph entry object.
1852 //
1853 // The Java heap object sub-graph archiving process (see OopFieldPusher):
1854 //
1855 // 1) Java object sub-graph archiving starts from a given static field
1856 // within a Class instance (java mirror). If the static field is a
1857 // reference field and points to a non-null java object, proceed to
1858 // the next step.
1859 //
1860 // 2) Archives the referenced java object. If an archived copy of the
1861 // current object already exists, updates the pointer in the archived
1862 // copy of the referencing object to point to the current archived object.
1863 // Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
1864 //
1865 // 3) Follows all references within the current java object and recursively
1866 // archive the sub-graph of objects starting from each reference.
1867 //
1868 // 4) Updates the pointer in the archived copy of referencing object to
1869 // point to the current archived object.
1870 //
1871 // 5) The Klass of the current java object is added to the list of Klasses
1872 // for loading and initializing before any object in the archived graph can
1873 // be accessed at runtime.
1874 //
1875 void HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(InstanceKlass *k,
1876                                                              const char* klass_name,
1877                                                              int field_offset,
1878                                                              const char* field_name) {
1879   precond(CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs());
1880   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1881 
1882   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1883 
1884   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info = get_subgraph_info(k);
1885   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1886 
1887   log_debug(aot, heap)("Start archiving from: %s::%s (" PTR_FORMAT ")", klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1888 
1889   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1890     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1891       LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1892       LogStream out(log);
1893       f->print_on(&out);
1894     }
1895 
1896     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, subgraph_info, f);
1897     if (!success) {
1898       log_error(aot, heap)("Archiving failed %s::%s (some reachable objects cannot be archived)",
1899                            klass_name, field_name);
1900     } else {
1901       // Note: the field value is not preserved in the archived mirror.
1902       // Record the field as a new subGraph entry point. The recorded
1903       // information is restored from the archive at runtime.
1904       subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, f);
1905       log_info(aot, heap)("Archived field %s::%s => " PTR_FORMAT, klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1906     }
1907   } else {
1908     // The field contains null, we still need to record the entry point,
1909     // so it can be restored at runtime.
1910     subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, nullptr);
1911   }
1912 }
1913 
1914 #ifndef PRODUCT
1915 class VerifySharedOopClosure: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1916  public:
1917   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1918   void do_oop(      oop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1919 
1920  protected:
1921   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1922     oop obj = HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1923     if (obj != nullptr) {
1924       HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(obj);
1925     }
1926   }
1927 };
1928 
1929 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from_static_field(InstanceKlass* k, int field_offset) {
1930   precond(CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs());
1931   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1932 
1933   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1934   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1935   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1936     verify_subgraph_from(f);
1937   }
1938 }
1939 
1940 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from(oop orig_obj) {
1941   if (!has_been_archived(orig_obj)) {
1942     // It's OK for the root of a subgraph to be not archived. See comments in
1943     // archive_reachable_objects_from().
1944     return;
1945   }
1946 
1947   // Verify that all objects reachable from orig_obj are archived.
1948   init_seen_objects_table();
1949   verify_reachable_objects_from(orig_obj);
1950   delete_seen_objects_table();
1951 }
1952 
1953 void HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop obj) {
1954   _num_total_verifications ++;
1955   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
1956     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
1957     assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
1958   }
1959   if (!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj)) {
1960     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj);
1961     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
1962     VerifySharedOopClosure walker;
1963     obj->oop_iterate(&walker);
1964   }
1965 }
1966 #endif
1967 
1968 void HeapShared::check_special_subgraph_classes() {
1969   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1970     // We can have aot-initialized classes (such as Enums) that can reference objects
1971     // of arbitrary types. Currently, we trust the JEP 483 implementation to only
1972     // aot-initialize classes that are "safe".
1973     //
1974     // TODO: we need an automatic tool that checks the safety of aot-initialized
1975     // classes (when we extend the set of aot-initialized classes beyond JEP 483)
1976     return;
1977   } else {
1978     // In this case, the special subgraph should contain a few specific types
1979     GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses = _dump_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1980     int num = klasses->length();
1981     for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1982       Klass* subgraph_k = klasses->at(i);
1983       Symbol* name = subgraph_k->name();
1984 
1985       if (subgraph_k->is_identity_class() &&
1986           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&
1987           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_String() &&
1988           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException() &&
1989           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException() &&
1990           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException() &&
1991           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException() &&
1992           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError() &&
1993           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException() &&
1994           name != vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException()) {
1995         ResourceMark rm;
1996         fatal("special subgraph cannot have objects of type %s", subgraph_k->external_name());
1997       }
1998     }
1999   }
2000 }
2001 
2002 HeapShared::SeenObjectsTable* HeapShared::_seen_objects_table = nullptr;
2003 HeapShared::PendingOop HeapShared::_object_being_archived;
2004 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_walked_objs;
2005 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_archived_objs;
2006 size_t HeapShared::_num_old_recorded_klasses;
2007 
2008 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2009 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2010 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2011 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2012 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_verifications = 0;
2013 
2014 bool HeapShared::has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2015   return _seen_objects_table->get(obj) != nullptr;
2016 }
2017 
2018 void HeapShared::set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2019   assert(!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj), "sanity");
2020   _seen_objects_table->put_when_absent(obj, true);
2021   _seen_objects_table->maybe_grow();
2022   ++ _num_new_walked_objs;
2023 }
2024 
2025 void HeapShared::start_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name, bool is_full_module_graph) {
2026   log_info(aot, heap)("Start recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s", class_name);
2027   init_subgraph_info(k, is_full_module_graph);
2028   init_seen_objects_table();
2029   _num_new_walked_objs = 0;
2030   _num_new_archived_objs = 0;
2031   _num_old_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses();
2032 }
2033 
2034 void HeapShared::done_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2035   size_t num_new_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses() -
2036     _num_old_recorded_klasses;
2037   log_info(aot, heap)("Done recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s: "
2038                       "walked %zu objs, archived %zu new objs, recorded %zu classes",
2039                       class_name, _num_new_walked_objs, _num_new_archived_objs,
2040                       num_new_recorded_klasses);
2041 
2042   delete_seen_objects_table();
2043 
2044   _num_total_subgraph_recordings ++;
2045   _num_total_walked_objs      += _num_new_walked_objs;
2046   _num_total_archived_objs    += _num_new_archived_objs;
2047   _num_total_recorded_klasses +=  num_new_recorded_klasses;
2048 }
2049 
2050 class ArchivableStaticFieldFinder: public FieldClosure {
2051   InstanceKlass* _ik;
2052   Symbol* _field_name;
2053   bool _found;
2054   int _offset;
2055 public:
2056   ArchivableStaticFieldFinder(InstanceKlass* ik, Symbol* field_name) :
2057     _ik(ik), _field_name(field_name), _found(false), _offset(-1) {}
2058 
2059   virtual void do_field(fieldDescriptor* fd) {
2060     if (fd->name() == _field_name) {
2061       assert(!_found, "fields can never be overloaded");
2062       if (is_reference_type(fd->field_type())) {
2063         _found = true;
2064         _offset = fd->offset();
2065       }
2066     }
2067   }
2068   bool found()     { return _found;  }
2069   int offset()     { return _offset; }
2070 };
2071 
2072 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2073                                             TRAPS) {
2074   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2075     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2076     TempNewSymbol klass_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
2077     TempNewSymbol field_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->field_name);
2078     ResourceMark rm; // for stringStream::as_string() etc.
2079 
2080 #ifndef PRODUCT
2081     bool is_test_class = (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) && (strcmp(info->klass_name, ArchiveHeapTestClass) == 0);
2082     const char* test_class_name = ArchiveHeapTestClass;
2083 #else
2084     bool is_test_class = false;
2085     const char* test_class_name = ""; // avoid C++ printf checks warnings.
2086 #endif
2087 
2088     if (is_test_class) {
2089       log_warning(aot)("Loading ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2090     }
2091 
2092     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, THREAD);
2093     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2094       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2095       stringStream st;
2096       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s cannot be loaded by the boot loader", info->klass_name);
2097       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2098     }
2099 
2100     if (!k->is_instance_klass()) {
2101       stringStream st;
2102       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s is not an instance class", info->klass_name);
2103       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2104     }
2105 
2106     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
2107     assert(InstanceKlass::cast(ik)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
2108            "Only support boot classes");
2109 
2110     if (is_test_class) {
2111       if (ik->module()->is_named()) {
2112         // We don't want ArchiveHeapTestClass to be abused to easily load/initialize arbitrary
2113         // core-lib classes. You need to at least append to the bootclasspath.
2114         stringStream st;
2115         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed module", test_class_name);
2116         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2117       }
2118 
2119       if (ik->package() != nullptr) {
2120         // This restriction makes HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module() easy.
2121         stringStream st;
2122         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed package", test_class_name);
2123         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2124       }
2125     } else {
2126       if (ik->module()->name() != vmSymbols::java_base()) {
2127         // We don't want to deal with cases when a module is unavailable at runtime.
2128         // FUTURE -- load from archived heap only when module graph has not changed
2129         //           between dump and runtime.
2130         stringStream st;
2131         st.print("%s is not in java.base module", info->klass_name);
2132         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2133       }
2134     }
2135 
2136     if (is_test_class) {
2137       log_warning(aot)("Initializing ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2138     }
2139     ik->initialize(CHECK);
2140 
2141     ArchivableStaticFieldFinder finder(ik, field_name);
2142     ik->do_local_static_fields(&finder);
2143     if (!finder.found()) {
2144       stringStream st;
2145       st.print("Unable to find the static T_OBJECT field %s::%s", info->klass_name, info->field_name);
2146       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2147     }
2148 
2149     info->klass = ik;
2150     info->offset = finder.offset();
2151   }
2152 }
2153 
2154 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(TRAPS) {
2155   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
2156   _dump_time_subgraph_info_table = new (mtClass)DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable();
2157   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
2158     init_subgraph_entry_fields(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2159     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_full_module_graph()) {
2160       init_subgraph_entry_fields(fmg_archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2161     }
2162   }
2163 }
2164 
2165 #ifndef PRODUCT
2166 void HeapShared::setup_test_class(const char* test_class_name) {
2167   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* p = archive_subgraph_entry_fields;
2168   int num_slots = sizeof(archive_subgraph_entry_fields) / sizeof(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo);
2169   assert(p[num_slots - 2].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that's patched below");
2170   assert(p[num_slots - 1].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that marks the end of the list");
2171 
2172   if (test_class_name != nullptr) {
2173     p[num_slots - 2].klass_name = test_class_name;
2174     p[num_slots - 2].field_name = ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME;
2175   }
2176 }
2177 
2178 // See if ik is one of the test classes that are pulled in by -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
2179 // during runtime. This may be called before the module system is initialized so
2180 // we cannot rely on InstanceKlass::module(), etc.
2181 bool HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module(Klass* ik) {
2182   if (_test_class != nullptr) {
2183     if (ik == _test_class) {
2184       return true;
2185     }
2186     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _test_class_record->subgraph_object_klasses();
2187     if (klasses == nullptr) {
2188       return false;
2189     }
2190 
2191     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
2192       Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
2193       if (k == ik) {
2194         Symbol* name;
2195         if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
2196           name = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->name();
2197         } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
2198           Klass* bk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
2199           if (!bk->is_instance_klass()) {
2200             return false;
2201           }
2202           name = bk->name();
2203         } else {
2204           return false;
2205         }
2206 
2207         // See KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass() - we only allow test classes
2208         // to be:
2209         //   (A) java.base classes (which must not be in the unnamed module)
2210         //   (B) test classes which must be in the unnamed package of the unnamed module.
2211         // So if we see a '/' character in the class name, it must be in (A);
2212         // otherwise it must be in (B).
2213         if (name->index_of_at(0, "/", 1)  >= 0) {
2214           return false; // (A)
2215         }
2216 
2217         return true; // (B)
2218       }
2219     }
2220   }
2221 
2222   return false;
2223 }
2224 
2225 void HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(JavaThread* current) {
2226   Klass* k = _test_class;
2227   if (k != nullptr && is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
2228     JavaThread* THREAD = current;
2229     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2230     const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
2231       resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
2232 
2233     // The _test_class is in the unnamed module, so it can't call CDS.initializeFromArchive()
2234     // from its <clinit> method. So we set up its "archivedObjects" field first, before
2235     // calling its <clinit>. This is not strictly clean, but it's a convenient way to write unit
2236     // test cases (see test/hotspot/jtreg/runtime/cds/appcds/cacheObject/ArchiveHeapTestClass.java).
2237     if (record != nullptr) {
2238       init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
2239     }
2240     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
2241   }
2242 }
2243 #endif
2244 
2245 void HeapShared::init_for_dumping(TRAPS) {
2246   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
2247     setup_test_class(ArchiveHeapTestClass);
2248     init_subgraph_entry_fields(CHECK);
2249   }
2250 }
2251 
2252 void HeapShared::init_heap_writer() {
2253   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
2254     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::init();
2255   } else {
2256     AOTMappedHeapWriter::init();
2257   }
2258 }
2259 
2260 void HeapShared::archive_object_subgraphs(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2261                                           bool is_full_module_graph) {
2262   _num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2263   _num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2264   _num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2265   _num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2266   _num_total_verifications = 0;
2267 
2268   // For each class X that has one or more archived fields:
2269   // [1] Dump the subgraph of each archived field
2270   // [2] Create a list of all the class of the objects that can be reached
2271   //     by any of these static fields.
2272   //     At runtime, these classes are initialized before X's archived fields
2273   //     are restored by HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
2274   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); ) {
2275     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2276     const char* klass_name = info->klass_name;
2277 
2278     start_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name, is_full_module_graph);
2279 
2280     // If you have specified consecutive fields of the same klass in
2281     // fields[], these will be archived in the same
2282     // {start_recording_subgraph ... done_recording_subgraph} pass to
2283     // save time.
2284     for (; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2285       ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2286       if (f->klass_name != klass_name) {
2287         break;
2288       }
2289 
2290       archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(f->klass, f->klass_name,
2291                                                   f->offset, f->field_name);
2292     }
2293     done_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2294   }
2295 
2296   log_info(aot, heap)("Archived subgraph records = %zu",
2297                       _num_total_subgraph_recordings);
2298   log_info(aot, heap)("  Walked %zu objects", _num_total_walked_objs);
2299   log_info(aot, heap)("  Archived %zu objects", _num_total_archived_objs);
2300   log_info(aot, heap)("  Recorded %zu klasses", _num_total_recorded_klasses);
2301 
2302 #ifndef PRODUCT
2303   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2304     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2305     verify_subgraph_from_static_field(f->klass, f->offset);
2306   }
2307   log_info(aot, heap)("  Verified %zu references", _num_total_verifications);
2308 #endif
2309 }
2310 
2311 bool HeapShared::is_dumped_interned_string(oop o) {
2312   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2313     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_dumped_interned_string(o);
2314   } else {
2315     return AOTStreamedHeapWriter::is_dumped_interned_string(o);
2316   }
2317 }
2318 
2319 // These tables should be used only within the CDS safepoint, so
2320 // delete them before we exit the safepoint. Otherwise the table will
2321 // contain bad oops after a GC.
2322 void HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops() {
2323   assert(_seen_objects_table == nullptr, "should have been deleted");
2324 
2325   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2326     AOTMappedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2327   } else {
2328     assert(is_writing_streaming_mode(), "what other mode?");
2329     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2330   }
2331 }
2332 
2333 void HeapShared::debug_trace() {
2334   ResourceMark rm;
2335   oop referrer = _object_being_archived.referrer();
2336   if (referrer != nullptr) {
2337     LogStream ls(Log(aot, heap)::error());
2338     ls.print_cr("Reference trace");
2339     CDSHeapVerifier::trace_to_root(&ls, referrer);
2340   }
2341 }
2342 
2343 #ifndef PRODUCT
2344 // At dump-time, find the location of all the non-null oop pointers in an archived heap
2345 // region. This way we can quickly relocate all the pointers without using
2346 // BasicOopIterateClosure at runtime.
2347 class FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
2348   void* _start;
2349   BitMap *_oopmap;
2350   size_t _num_total_oops;
2351   size_t _num_null_oops;
2352  public:
2353   FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers(void* start, BitMap* oopmap)
2354     : _start(start), _oopmap(oopmap), _num_total_oops(0),  _num_null_oops(0) {}
2355 
2356   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
2357     assert(UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2358     _num_total_oops ++;
2359     narrowOop v = *p;
2360     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(v)) {
2361       size_t idx = p - (narrowOop*)_start;
2362       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2363     } else {
2364       _num_null_oops ++;
2365     }
2366   }
2367   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
2368     assert(!UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2369     _num_total_oops ++;
2370     if ((*p) != nullptr) {
2371       size_t idx = p - (oop*)_start;
2372       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2373     } else {
2374       _num_null_oops ++;
2375     }
2376   }
2377   size_t num_total_oops() const { return _num_total_oops; }
2378   size_t num_null_oops()  const { return _num_null_oops; }
2379 };
2380 #endif
2381 
2382 void HeapShared::count_allocation(size_t size) {
2383   _total_obj_count ++;
2384   _total_obj_size += size;
2385   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2386     if (size <= (size_t(1) << i)) {
2387       _alloc_count[i] ++;
2388       _alloc_size[i] += size;
2389       return;
2390     }
2391   }
2392 }
2393 
2394 static double avg_size(size_t size, size_t count) {
2395   double avg = 0;
2396   if (count > 0) {
2397     avg = double(size * HeapWordSize) / double(count);
2398   }
2399   return avg;
2400 }
2401 
2402 void HeapShared::print_stats() {
2403   size_t huge_count = _total_obj_count;
2404   size_t huge_size = _total_obj_size;
2405 
2406   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2407     size_t byte_size_limit = (size_t(1) << i) * HeapWordSize;
2408     size_t count = _alloc_count[i];
2409     size_t size = _alloc_size[i];
2410     log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu objects are <= %-6zu"
2411                         " bytes (total %8zu bytes, avg %8.1f bytes)",
2412                         count, byte_size_limit, size * HeapWordSize, avg_size(size, count));
2413     huge_count -= count;
2414     huge_size -= size;
2415   }
2416 
2417   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu huge  objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2418                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2419                       huge_count, huge_size * HeapWordSize,
2420                       avg_size(huge_size, huge_count));
2421   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu total objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2422                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2423                       _total_obj_count, _total_obj_size * HeapWordSize,
2424                       avg_size(_total_obj_size, _total_obj_count));
2425 }
2426 
2427 bool HeapShared::is_metadata_field(oop src_obj, int offset) {
2428   bool result = false;
2429   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int metadata_offset) {
2430     if (metadata_offset == offset) {
2431       result = true;
2432     }
2433   });
2434   return result;
2435 }
2436 
2437 void HeapShared::remap_dumped_metadata(oop src_obj, address archived_object) {
2438   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int offset) {
2439     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = (Metadata**)(archived_object + offset);
2440     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
2441 
2442     if (native_ptr == nullptr) {
2443       return;
2444     }
2445 
2446     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(native_ptr)) {
2447       native_ptr = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(native_ptr);
2448     }
2449 
2450     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
2451     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
2452     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
2453   });
2454 }
2455 
2456 bool HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(JavaThread* current) {
2457   TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS);
2458   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, klass_name, Handle());
2459   if (k == nullptr) {
2460     return false;
2461   } else {
2462     TempNewSymbol field_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD);
2463     TempNewSymbol field_signature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljdk/internal/module/ArchivedBootLayer;");
2464     fieldDescriptor fd;
2465     if (k->find_field(field_name, field_signature, true, &fd) != nullptr) {
2466       oop m = k->java_mirror();
2467       oop f = m->obj_field(fd.offset());
2468       if (CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
2469         return false;
2470       }
2471     } else {
2472       return false;
2473     }
2474   }
2475   return true;
2476 }
2477 
2478 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP