1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2018, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotArtifactFinder.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/aotClassInitializer.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotClassLocation.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/aotCompressedPointers.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapLoader.hpp"
  31 #include "cds/aotMappedHeapWriter.hpp"
  32 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  33 #include "cds/aotOopChecker.hpp"
  34 #include "cds/aotReferenceObjSupport.hpp"
  35 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapLoader.hpp"
  36 #include "cds/aotStreamedHeapWriter.hpp"
  37 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  38 #include "cds/archiveUtils.hpp"
  39 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  41 #include "cds/cdsEnumKlass.hpp"
  42 #include "cds/cdsHeapVerifier.hpp"
  43 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "cds/regeneratedClasses.hpp"
  45 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  46 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "classfile/modules.hpp"
  48 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  49 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  50 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  51 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  52 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  53 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  57 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  58 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  59 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  61 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "oops/oopCast.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  69 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  79 #if INCLUDE_G1GC
  80 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.hpp"
  81 #endif
  82 
  83 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
  84 
  85 struct ArchivableStaticFieldInfo {
  86   const char* klass_name;
  87   const char* field_name;
  88   InstanceKlass* klass;
  89   int offset;
  90   BasicType type;
  91 
  92   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo(const char* k, const char* f)
  93   : klass_name(k), field_name(f), klass(nullptr), offset(0), type(T_ILLEGAL) {}
  94 
  95   bool valid() {
  96     return klass_name != nullptr;
  97   }
  98 };
  99 
 100 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_load_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 101 HeapArchiveMode HeapShared::_heap_write_mode = HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized;
 102 
 103 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_count[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 104 size_t HeapShared::_alloc_size[HeapShared::ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS];
 105 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_count;
 106 size_t HeapShared::_total_obj_size;
 107 
 108 #ifndef PRODUCT
 109 #define ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME "archivedObjects"
 110 static Array<char>* _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = nullptr;
 111 static const char* _test_class_name = nullptr;
 112 static Klass* _test_class = nullptr;
 113 static const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* _test_class_record = nullptr;
 114 #endif
 115 
 116 #ifdef ASSERT
 117 // All classes that have at least one instance in the cached heap.
 118 static ArchivableKlassTable* _dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops = nullptr;
 119 static Array<Klass*>* _runtime_classes_with_cached_oops = nullptr;
 120 #endif
 121 
 122 //
 123 // If you add new entries to the following tables, you should know what you're doing!
 124 //
 125 
 126 static ArchivableStaticFieldInfo archive_subgraph_entry_fields[] = {
 127   {"java/lang/Integer$IntegerCache",              "archivedCache"},
 128   {"java/lang/Long$LongCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 129   {"java/lang/Byte$ByteCache",                    "archivedCache"},
 130   {"java/lang/Short$ShortCache",                  "archivedCache"},
 131   {"java/lang/Character$CharacterCache",          "archivedCache"},
 132   {"java/util/jar/Attributes$Name",               "KNOWN_NAMES"},
 133   {"sun/util/locale/BaseLocale",                  "constantBaseLocales"},
 134   {"jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph",     "archivedModuleGraph"},
 135   {"java/util/ImmutableCollections",              "archivedObjects"},
 136   {"java/lang/ModuleLayer",                       "EMPTY_LAYER"},
 137   {"java/lang/module/Configuration",              "EMPTY_CONFIGURATION"},
 138   {"jdk/internal/math/FDBigInteger",              "archivedCaches"},
 139 
 140   // full module graph support
 141   {"jdk/internal/loader/ArchivedClassLoaders",    "archivedClassLoaders"},
 142   {ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS,                     ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD},
 143   {"java/lang/Module$ArchivedData",               "archivedData"},
 144 
 145 #ifndef PRODUCT
 146   {nullptr, nullptr}, // Extra slot for -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
 147 #endif
 148   {nullptr, nullptr},
 149 };
 150 
 151 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::_dump_time_special_subgraph;
 152 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::_run_time_special_subgraph;
 153 GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>* HeapShared::_pending_roots = nullptr;
 154 OopHandle HeapShared::_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[T_VOID+1];
 155 MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable* HeapShared::_scratch_objects_table = nullptr;
 156 
 157 static bool is_subgraph_root_class_of(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[], InstanceKlass* ik) {
 158   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
 159     if (fields[i].klass == ik) {
 160       return true;
 161     }
 162   }
 163   return false;
 164 }
 165 
 166 bool HeapShared::is_subgraph_root_class(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 167   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 168   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
 169     // Legacy CDS archive support (to be deprecated)
 170     return is_subgraph_root_class_of(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, ik);
 171   } else {
 172     return false;
 173   }
 174 }
 175 
 176 oop HeapShared::CachedOopInfo::orig_referrer() const {
 177   return _orig_referrer.resolve();
 178 }
 179 
 180 // This is a simple hashing of the oop's address. This function is used
 181 // while copying the oops into the AOT heap region. We don't want to
 182 // have any side effects during the copying, so we avoid calling
 183 // p->identity_hash() which can update the object header.
 184 unsigned HeapShared::oop_address_hash(oop const& p) {
 185   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint() ||
 186          JavaThread::current()->is_in_no_safepoint_scope(), "sanity");
 187   return primitive_hash(cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(p));
 188 }
 189 
 190 // About the hashcode in the cached objects:
 191 // - If a source object has a hashcode, it must be copied into the cache.
 192 //   That's because some cached hashtables are laid out using this hashcode.
 193 // - If a source object doesn't have a hashcode, we avoid computing it while
 194 //   copying the objects into the cache. This will allow the hashcode to be
 195 //   dynamically and randomly computed in each production, which generally
 196 //   desirable to make the hashcodes more random between runs.
 197 unsigned HeapShared::archived_object_cache_hash(OopHandle const& oh) {
 198   oop o = oh.resolve();
 199   if (o == nullptr) {
 200     return 0;
 201   }
 202   if (!_use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache) {
 203     // This is called while we are copying the objects. Don't call o->identity_hash()
 204     // as that will update the object header.
 205     return oop_address_hash(o);
 206   } else {
 207     // This is called after all objects are copied. It's OK to update
 208     // the object's hashcode.
 209     //
 210     // This may be called after we have left the AOT dumping safepoint.
 211     // Objects in archived_object_cache() may be moved by the GC, so we
 212     // can't use the address of o for computing the hash.
 213     return o->identity_hash();
 214   }
 215 }
 216 
 217 bool HeapShared::oop_handle_equals(const OopHandle& a, const OopHandle& b) {
 218   return a.resolve() == b.resolve();
 219 }
 220 
 221 static void reset_states(oop obj, TRAPS) {
 222   Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
 223   InstanceKlass* klass = InstanceKlass::cast(obj->klass());
 224   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("resetArchivedStates");
 225   Symbol* method_sig = vmSymbols::void_method_signature();
 226 
 227   while (klass != nullptr) {
 228     Method* method = klass->find_method(method_name, method_sig);
 229     if (method != nullptr) {
 230       assert(method->is_private(), "must be");
 231       if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot)) {
 232         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 233         log_debug(aot)("  calling %s", method->name_and_sig_as_C_string());
 234       }
 235       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 236       JavaCalls::call_special(&result, h_obj, klass,
 237                               method_name, method_sig, CHECK);
 238     }
 239     klass = klass->super();
 240   }
 241 }
 242 
 243 void HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(TRAPS) {
 244   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 245   log_debug(aot)("Resetting platform loader");
 246   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader(), CHECK);
 247   log_debug(aot)("Resetting system loader");
 248   reset_states(SystemDictionary::java_system_loader(), CHECK);
 249 
 250   // Clean up jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders::bootLoader(), which is not
 251   // directly used for class loading, but rather is used by the core library
 252   // to keep track of resources, etc, loaded by the null class loader.
 253   //
 254   // Note, this object is non-null, and is not the same as
 255   // ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->class_loader(),
 256   // which is null.
 257   log_debug(aot)("Resetting boot loader");
 258   JavaValue result(T_OBJECT);
 259   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 260                          vmClasses::jdk_internal_loader_ClassLoaders_klass(),
 261                          vmSymbols::bootLoader_name(),
 262                          vmSymbols::void_BuiltinClassLoader_signature(),
 263                          CHECK);
 264   Handle boot_loader(THREAD, result.get_oop());
 265   reset_states(boot_loader(), CHECK);
 266 }
 267 
 268 void HeapShared::ensure_determinism(TRAPS) {
 269   TempNewSymbol class_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("jdk/internal/util/WeakReferenceKey");
 270   TempNewSymbol method_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol("ensureDeterministicAOTCache");
 271 
 272   Klass* weak_ref_key_class = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(class_name, true, CHECK);
 273   precond(weak_ref_key_class != nullptr);
 274 
 275   log_debug(aot)("Calling WeakReferenceKey::ensureDeterministicAOTCache(Object.class)");
 276   JavaValue result(T_BOOLEAN);
 277   JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
 278                          weak_ref_key_class,
 279                          method_name,
 280                          vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(),
 281                          CHECK);
 282   assert(result.get_jboolean() == false, "sanity");
 283 }
 284 
 285 void HeapShared::prepare_for_archiving(TRAPS) {
 286   reset_archived_object_states(CHECK);
 287   ensure_determinism(CHECK);
 288 }
 289 
 290 HeapShared::ArchivedObjectCache* HeapShared::_archived_object_cache = nullptr;
 291 
 292 // Controls the hashing method for the _archived_object_cache.
 293 // Changes from false to true once, after all objects are copied,
 294 // inside make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe().
 295 // See archived_object_cache_hash() for more details.
 296 bool HeapShared::_use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache = false;
 297 
 298 bool HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() {
 299   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 300     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 301       return AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 302     } else {
 303       return AOTMappedHeapLoader::is_in_use();
 304     }
 305   }
 306 
 307   return false;
 308 }
 309 
 310 bool HeapShared::can_use_archived_heap() {
 311   FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info();
 312   if (static_mapinfo == nullptr) {
 313     return false;
 314   }
 315   if (!static_mapinfo->has_heap_region()) {
 316     return false;
 317   }
 318   if (!static_mapinfo->object_streaming_mode() &&
 319       !Universe::heap()->can_load_archived_objects() &&
 320       !UseG1GC) {
 321     // Incompatible object format
 322     return false;
 323   }
 324 
 325   return true;
 326 }
 327 
 328 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(size_t size) {
 329   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 330     return false;
 331   } else {
 332     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(size);
 333   }
 334 }
 335 
 336 bool HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(oop obj) {
 337   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 338     return false;
 339   } else {
 340     return AOTMappedHeapWriter::is_too_large_to_archive(obj);
 341   }
 342 }
 343 
 344 bool HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(oop string) {
 345   typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value_no_keepalive(string);
 346   return is_too_large_to_archive(value);
 347 }
 348 
 349 void HeapShared::initialize_loading_mode(HeapArchiveMode mode) {
 350   assert(_heap_load_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already set?");
 351   assert(mode != HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "sanity");
 352   _heap_load_mode = mode;
 353 };
 354 
 355 void HeapShared::initialize_writing_mode() {
 356   assert(!FLAG_IS_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects), "Should not have been ergonomically set yet");
 357 
 358   if (!CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 359     // We use FLAG_IS_CMDLINE below because we are specifically looking to warn
 360     // a user that explicitly sets the flag on the command line for a JVM that is
 361     // not dumping an archive.
 362     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 363       log_warning(cds)("-XX:%cAOTStreamableObjects was specified, "
 364                        "AOTStreamableObjects is only used for writing "
 365                        "the AOT cache.",
 366                        AOTStreamableObjects ? '+' : '-');
 367     }
 368   }
 369 
 370   // The below checks use !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT instead of FLAG_IS_CMDLINE
 371   // because the one step AOT cache creation transfers the AOTStreamableObjects
 372   // flag value from the training JVM to the assembly JVM using an environment
 373   // variable that sets the flag as ERGO in the assembly JVM.
 374   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects)) {
 375     // By default, the value of AOTStreamableObjects should match !UseCompressedOops.
 376     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AOTStreamableObjects, !UseCompressedOops);
 377   } else if (!AOTStreamableObjects && UseZGC) {
 378     // Never write mapped heap with ZGC
 379     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 380       log_warning(cds)("Heap archiving without streaming not supported for -XX:+UseZGC");
 381     }
 382     FLAG_SET_ERGO(AOTStreamableObjects, true);
 383   }
 384 
 385   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive()) {
 386     // Select default mode
 387     assert(_heap_write_mode == HeapArchiveMode::_uninitialized, "already initialized?");
 388     _heap_write_mode = AOTStreamableObjects ? HeapArchiveMode::_streaming : HeapArchiveMode::_mapping;
 389   }
 390 }
 391 
 392 void HeapShared::initialize_streaming() {
 393   assert(is_loading_streaming_mode(), "shouldn't call this");
 394   if (can_use_archived_heap()) {
 395     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::initialize();
 396   }
 397 }
 398 
 399 void HeapShared::enable_gc() {
 400 #ifdef ASSERT
 401   // At this point, a GC may start and will be able to see some or all
 402   // of the cached oops. The class of each oop seen by the GC must have
 403   // already been loaded. One function with such a requirement is
 404   // ClaimMetadataVisitingOopIterateClosure::do_klass().
 405   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 406     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _runtime_classes_with_cached_oops;
 407 
 408     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
 409       assert(klasses->at(i)->class_loader_data() != nullptr,
 410              "class of cached oop must have been loaded");
 411     }
 412   }
 413 #endif
 414 
 415   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 416     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::enable_gc();
 417   }
 418 }
 419 
 420 void HeapShared::materialize_thread_object() {
 421   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 422     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::materialize_thread_object();
 423   }
 424 }
 425 
 426 void HeapShared::archive_interned_string(oop string) {
 427   assert(HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode(), "Only used by this mode");
 428   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, string);
 429   assert(success, "shared strings array must not point to arrays or strings that are too large to archive");
 430 }
 431 
 432 void HeapShared::finalize_initialization(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo) {
 433   if (HeapShared::is_loading()) {
 434     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 435       // Heap initialization can be done only after vtables are initialized by ReadClosure.
 436       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 437     } else {
 438       // Finish up archived heap initialization. These must be
 439       // done after ReadClosure.
 440       AOTMappedHeapLoader::finish_initialization(static_mapinfo);
 441     }
 442   }
 443 }
 444 
 445 void HeapShared::make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe() {
 446   ArchivedObjectCache* new_cache = new (mtClass)ArchivedObjectCache(INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
 447 
 448   // It's safe to change the behavior of the hash function now, because iterate_all()
 449   // doesn't call the hash function.
 450   //  See archived_object_cache_hash() for more details.
 451   assert(_use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache == false, "happens only once");
 452   _use_identity_hash_for_archived_object_cache = true;
 453 
 454   // Copy all CachedOopInfo into a new table using a different hashing algorithm
 455   archived_object_cache()->iterate_all([&] (OopHandle oh, CachedOopInfo info) {
 456       if (Arguments::is_valhalla_enabled() && oh.resolve()->klass()->is_inline_klass()) {
 457         // After make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe() returns,
 458         // _archived_object_cache->get() is called only from the (future) AOT code
 459         // compiler to access heap oops referenced by AOT-compiled method.
 460         //
 461         // As planned in JDK 27 (JDK-8335368), AOT-compiled methods will only reference
 462         // oops that are Strings, mirrors, or exceptions, all of which are not value
 463         // objects.
 464         //
 465         // We exclude value objects from new_cache, as we don't know how to track them
 466         // after the GC moves them. This should be fixed when AOT-compiled methods
 467         // need to reference value objects.
 468         //
 469         // Also TODO: the AOT heap should de-duplicate value objects with identical
 470         // values.
 471       } else {
 472         new_cache->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 473       }
 474   });
 475 
 476   destroy_archived_object_cache();
 477   _archived_object_cache = new_cache;
 478 }
 479 
 480 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo* HeapShared::get_cached_oop_info(oop obj) {
 481   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 482   CachedOopInfo* result = _archived_object_cache->get(oh);
 483   oh.release(Universe::vm_global());
 484   return result;
 485 }
 486 
 487 bool HeapShared::has_been_archived(oop obj) {
 488   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 489   return get_cached_oop_info(obj) != nullptr;
 490 }
 491 
 492 int HeapShared::append_root(oop obj) {
 493   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "sanity");
 494   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 495   assert(_pending_roots != nullptr, "sanity");
 496 
 497   if (obj == nullptr) {
 498     assert(_pending_roots->at(0) == nullptr, "root index 0 always maps to null");
 499     return 0;
 500   } else if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 501     // The AOT compiler may refer the same obj many times, so we
 502     // should use the same index for this oop to avoid excessive entries
 503     // in the roots array.
 504     CachedOopInfo* obj_info = get_cached_oop_info(obj);
 505     assert(obj_info != nullptr, "must be archived");
 506 
 507     if (obj_info->root_index() > 0) {
 508       return obj_info->root_index();
 509     } else {
 510       assert(obj_info->root_index() < 0, "must not be zero");
 511       int i = _pending_roots->append(obj);
 512       obj_info->set_root_index(i);
 513       return i;
 514     }
 515   } else {
 516     return _pending_roots->append(obj);
 517   }
 518 }
 519 
 520 int HeapShared::get_root_index(oop obj) {
 521   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 522     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
 523   }
 524 
 525   CachedOopInfo* obj_info = get_cached_oop_info(obj);
 526   const char* error = nullptr;
 527   if (obj_info == nullptr) {
 528     error = "Not a cached oop";
 529   } else if (obj_info->root_index() < 0) {
 530     error = "Not a cached oop root";
 531   } else {
 532     return obj_info->root_index();
 533   }
 534 
 535   ResourceMark rm;
 536   log_debug(aot, codecache, oops)("%s: " INTPTR_FORMAT " (%s)", error,
 537                                   cast_from_oop<uintptr_t>(obj),
 538                                   obj->klass()->external_name());
 539   return -1;
 540 }
 541 
 542 oop HeapShared::get_root(int index, bool clear) {
 543   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 544   assert(is_archived_heap_in_use(), "getting roots into heap that is not used");
 545 
 546   oop result;
 547   if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 548     result = AOTStreamedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 549   } else {
 550     assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 551     result = AOTMappedHeapLoader::get_root(index);
 552   }
 553 
 554   if (clear) {
 555     clear_root(index);
 556   }
 557 
 558   return result;
 559 }
 560 
 561 void HeapShared::finish_materialize_objects() {
 562   if (AOTStreamedHeapLoader::is_in_use()) {
 563     AOTStreamedHeapLoader::finish_materialize_objects();
 564   }
 565 }
 566 
 567 void HeapShared::clear_root(int index) {
 568   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 569     // When AOT linked classes are in use, all roots will be in use all
 570     // the time, there's no benefit for clearing the roots. Also, we
 571     // can't clear the roots as they can be shared.
 572     return;
 573   }
 574 
 575   assert(index >= 0, "sanity");
 576   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "must be");
 577   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
 578     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 579       log_debug(aot, heap)("Clearing root %d: was %zu", index, p2i(get_root(index, false /* clear */)));
 580     }
 581     if (HeapShared::is_loading_streaming_mode()) {
 582       AOTStreamedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 583     } else {
 584       assert(HeapShared::is_loading_mapping_mode(), "must be");
 585       AOTMappedHeapLoader::clear_root(index);
 586     }
 587   }
 588 }
 589 
 590 bool HeapShared::archive_object(oop obj, oop referrer, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info) {
 591   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump-time only");
 592 
 593   assert(!obj->is_stackChunk(), "do not archive stack chunks");
 594   if (has_been_archived(obj)) {
 595     return true;
 596   }
 597 
 598   if (is_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 599     log_debug(aot, heap)("Cannot archive, object (" PTR_FORMAT ") is too large: %zu",
 600                          p2i(obj), obj->size());
 601     debug_trace();
 602     return false;
 603   }
 604 
 605   AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(obj->klass());
 606   AOTOopChecker::check(obj); // Make sure contents of this oop are safe.
 607   count_allocation(obj->size());
 608   DEBUG_ONLY(_dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops->add(obj->klass()));
 609 
 610   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
 611     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 612   } else {
 613     AOTMappedHeapWriter::add_source_obj(obj);
 614   }
 615 
 616   OopHandle oh(Universe::vm_global(), obj);
 617   CachedOopInfo info = make_cached_oop_info(obj, referrer);
 618   archived_object_cache()->put_when_absent(oh, info);
 619   archived_object_cache()->maybe_grow();
 620 
 621   Klass* k = obj->klass();
 622   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 623     // Whenever we see a non-array Java object of type X, we mark X to be aot-initialized.
 624     // This ensures that during the production run, whenever Java code sees a cached object
 625     // of type X, we know that X is already initialized. (see TODO comment below ...)
 626 
 627     if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_enum_subclass()
 628         // We can't rerun <clinit> of enum classes (see cdsEnumKlass.cpp) so
 629         // we must store them as AOT-initialized.
 630         || (subgraph_info == _dump_time_special_subgraph))
 631         // TODO: we do this only for the special subgraph for now. Extending this to
 632         // other subgraphs would require more refactoring of the core library (such as
 633         // move some initialization logic into runtimeSetup()).
 634         //
 635         // For the other subgraphs, we have a weaker mechanism to ensure that
 636         // all classes in a subgraph are initialized before the subgraph is programmatically
 637         // returned from jdk.internal.misc.CDS::initializeFromArchive().
 638         // See HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
 639     {
 640       AOTArtifactFinder::add_aot_inited_class(InstanceKlass::cast(k));
 641     }
 642 
 643     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 644       Klass* mirror_k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 645       if (mirror_k != nullptr) {
 646         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(mirror_k);
 647       }
 648     } else if (java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::is_instance(obj)) {
 649       Method* m = java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName::vmtarget(obj);
 650       if (m != nullptr) {
 651         if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(m)) {
 652           m = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(m);
 653         }
 654         InstanceKlass* method_holder = m->method_holder();
 655         AOTArtifactFinder::add_cached_class(method_holder);
 656       }
 657     }
 658   }
 659 
 660   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
 661     ResourceMark rm;
 662     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
 663     LogStream out(log);
 664     out.print("Archived heap object " PTR_FORMAT " : %s ",
 665               p2i(obj), obj->klass()->external_name());
 666     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
 667       Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
 668       if (k != nullptr) {
 669         out.print("%s", k->external_name());
 670       } else {
 671         out.print("primitive");
 672       }
 673     }
 674     out.cr();
 675   }
 676 
 677   return true;
 678 }
 679 
 680 class MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable: public HashTable<MetaspaceObj*, OopHandle,
 681     36137, // prime number
 682     AnyObj::C_HEAP,
 683     mtClassShared> {
 684 public:
 685   oop get_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 686     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 687     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 688     if (handle != nullptr) {
 689       return handle->resolve();
 690     } else {
 691       return nullptr;
 692     }
 693   }
 694   void set_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr, oop o) {
 695     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 696     OopHandle handle(Universe::vm_global(), o);
 697     put_when_absent(ptr, handle);
 698   }
 699   void remove_oop(MetaspaceObj* ptr) {
 700     MutexLocker ml(ScratchObjects_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
 701     OopHandle* handle = get(ptr);
 702     if (handle != nullptr) {
 703       handle->release(Universe::vm_global());
 704       remove(ptr);
 705     }
 706   }
 707 };
 708 
 709 void HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src, objArrayOop dest) {
 710   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src->pool_holder()->class_loader_data())) {
 711     _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(src, dest);
 712   }
 713 }
 714 
 715 refArrayOop HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 716   oop rr = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(src);
 717   return rr == nullptr ? nullptr : oop_cast<refArrayOop>(rr);
 718 }
 719 
 720 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_resolved_references(ConstantPool* src) {
 721   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 722     _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(src);
 723   }
 724 }
 725 
 726 void HeapShared::init_dumping() {
 727   _scratch_objects_table = new (mtClass)MetaspaceObjToOopHandleTable();
 728   _pending_roots = new GrowableArrayCHeap<oop, mtClassShared>(500);
 729   _pending_roots->append(nullptr); // root index 0 represents a null oop
 730   DEBUG_ONLY(_dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops = new (mtClassShared)ArchivableKlassTable());
 731 }
 732 
 733 void HeapShared::init_scratch_objects_for_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 734   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 735     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 736     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 737       oop m = java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror(type2name(bt), bt, CHECK);
 738       _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i] = OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), m);
 739     }
 740   }
 741 }
 742 
 743 // Given java_mirror that represents a (primitive or reference) type T,
 744 // return the "scratch" version that represents the same type T. Note
 745 // that java_mirror will be returned if the mirror is already a scratch mirror.
 746 //
 747 // See java_lang_Class::create_scratch_mirror() for more info.
 748 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(oop java_mirror) {
 749   assert(java_lang_Class::is_instance(java_mirror), "must be");
 750 
 751   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 752     BasicType bt = (BasicType)i;
 753     if (!is_reference_type(bt)) {
 754       if (_scratch_basic_type_mirrors[i].resolve() == java_mirror) {
 755         return java_mirror;
 756       }
 757     }
 758   }
 759 
 760   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(java_mirror)) {
 761     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_BasicType(java_mirror));
 762   } else {
 763     return scratch_java_mirror(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_mirror));
 764   }
 765 }
 766 
 767 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(BasicType t) {
 768   assert((uint)t < T_VOID+1, "range check");
 769   assert(!is_reference_type(t), "sanity");
 770   return _scratch_basic_type_mirrors[t].resolve();
 771 }
 772 
 773 oop HeapShared::scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k) {
 774   return _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 775 }
 776 
 777 void HeapShared::set_scratch_java_mirror(Klass* k, oop mirror) {
 778   _scratch_objects_table->set_oop(k, mirror);
 779 }
 780 
 781 void HeapShared::remove_scratch_objects(Klass* k) {
 782   // Klass is being deallocated. Java mirror can still be alive, and it should not
 783   // point to dead klass. We need to break the link from mirror to the Klass.
 784   // See how InstanceKlass::deallocate_contents does it for normal mirrors.
 785   oop mirror = _scratch_objects_table->get_oop(k);
 786   if (mirror != nullptr) {
 787     java_lang_Class::set_klass(mirror, nullptr);
 788   }
 789   _scratch_objects_table->remove_oop(k);
 790   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 791     _scratch_objects_table->remove(InstanceKlass::cast(k)->constants());
 792   }
 793 }
 794 
 795 //TODO: we eventually want a more direct test for these kinds of things.
 796 //For example the JVM could record some bit of context from the creation
 797 //of the klass, such as who called the hidden class factory.  Using
 798 //string compares on names is fragile and will break as soon as somebody
 799 //changes the names in the JDK code.  See discussion in JDK-8342481 for
 800 //related ideas about marking AOT-related classes.
 801 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_form_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 802   return ik->is_hidden() &&
 803     (ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$MH+") ||
 804      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$DMH+") ||
 805      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$BMH+") ||
 806      ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$VH+"));
 807 }
 808 
 809 bool HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 810   return ik->is_hidden() && (ik->name()->index_of_at(0, "$$Lambda+", 9) > 0);
 811 }
 812 
 813 bool HeapShared::is_string_concat_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 814   return ik->is_hidden() && ik->name()->starts_with("java/lang/String$$StringConcat");
 815 }
 816 
 817 bool HeapShared::is_archivable_hidden_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 818   return CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles() &&
 819     (is_lambda_form_klass(ik) || is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) || is_string_concat_klass(ik));
 820 }
 821 
 822 
 823 void HeapShared::copy_and_rescan_aot_inited_mirror(InstanceKlass* ik) {
 824   ik->set_has_aot_initialized_mirror();
 825 
 826   oop orig_mirror;
 827   if (RegeneratedClasses::is_regenerated_object(ik)) {
 828     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = RegeneratedClasses::get_original_object(ik);
 829     precond(orig_ik->is_initialized());
 830     orig_mirror = orig_ik->java_mirror();
 831   } else {
 832     precond(ik->is_initialized());
 833     orig_mirror = ik->java_mirror();
 834   }
 835 
 836   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(ik);
 837   int nfields = 0;
 838   for (JavaFieldStream fs(ik); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 839     if (fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
 840       fieldDescriptor& fd = fs.field_descriptor();
 841       int offset = fd.offset();
 842       switch (fd.field_type()) {
 843       case T_OBJECT:
 844       case T_ARRAY:
 845         {
 846           oop field_obj = orig_mirror->obj_field(offset);
 847           if (offset == java_lang_Class::reflection_data_offset()) {
 848             // Class::reflectData use SoftReference, which cannot be archived. Set it
 849             // to null and it will be recreated at runtime.
 850             field_obj = nullptr;
 851           }
 852           m->obj_field_put(offset, field_obj);
 853           if (field_obj != nullptr) {
 854             bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, field_obj);
 855             assert(success, "sanity");
 856           }
 857         }
 858         break;
 859       case T_BOOLEAN:
 860         m->bool_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->bool_field(offset));
 861         break;
 862       case T_BYTE:
 863         m->byte_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->byte_field(offset));
 864         break;
 865       case T_SHORT:
 866         m->short_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->short_field(offset));
 867         break;
 868       case T_CHAR:
 869         m->char_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->char_field(offset));
 870         break;
 871       case T_INT:
 872         m->int_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->int_field(offset));
 873         break;
 874       case T_LONG:
 875         m->long_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->long_field(offset));
 876         break;
 877       case T_FLOAT:
 878         m->float_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->float_field(offset));
 879         break;
 880       case T_DOUBLE:
 881         m->double_field_put(offset, orig_mirror->double_field(offset));
 882         break;
 883       default:
 884         ShouldNotReachHere();
 885       }
 886       nfields ++;
 887     }
 888   }
 889 
 890   oop class_data = java_lang_Class::class_data(orig_mirror);
 891   java_lang_Class::set_class_data(m, class_data);
 892   if (class_data != nullptr) {
 893     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, class_data);
 894     assert(success, "sanity");
 895   }
 896 
 897   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, init)) {
 898     ResourceMark rm;
 899     log_debug(aot, init)("copied %3d field(s) in aot-initialized mirror %s%s%s", nfields, ik->external_name(),
 900                          ik->is_hidden() ? " (hidden)" : "",
 901                          ik->is_enum_subclass() ? " (enum)" : "");
 902   }
 903 }
 904 
 905 void HeapShared::copy_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror, oop scratch_m) {
 906   // We need to retain the identity_hash, because it may have been used by some hashtables
 907   // in the shared heap.
 908   if (!orig_mirror->fast_no_hash_check()) {
 909     intptr_t src_hash = orig_mirror->identity_hash();
 910     if (UseCompactObjectHeaders) {
 911       narrowKlass nk = CompressedKlassPointers::encode(orig_mirror->klass());
 912       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().set_narrow_klass(nk).copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 913     } else {
 914       // For valhalla, the prototype header is the same as markWord::prototype();
 915       scratch_m->set_mark(markWord::prototype().copy_set_hash(src_hash));
 916     }
 917     assert(scratch_m->mark().is_unlocked(), "sanity");
 918 
 919     DEBUG_ONLY(intptr_t archived_hash = scratch_m->identity_hash());
 920     assert(src_hash == archived_hash, "Different hash codes: original " INTPTR_FORMAT ", archived " INTPTR_FORMAT, src_hash, archived_hash);
 921   }
 922 
 923   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_mirror);
 924   if (k != nullptr && k->is_instance_klass()) {
 925     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 926 
 927     if (ik->is_inline_klass() && ik->is_initialized()) {
 928       // Only concrete value classes need the null_reset field
 929       InlineKlass* ilk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 930       if (ilk->supports_nullable_layouts()) {
 931         scratch_m->obj_field_put(ilk->null_reset_value_offset(), ilk->null_reset_value());
 932       }
 933     }
 934 
 935     if (ik->has_acmp_maps_offset()) {
 936       int maps_offset = ik->acmp_maps_offset();
 937       oop maps = orig_mirror->obj_field(maps_offset);
 938       scratch_m->obj_field_put(maps_offset, maps);
 939     }
 940   }
 941 
 942   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
 943     java_lang_Class::set_module(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::module(orig_mirror));
 944     java_lang_Class::set_protection_domain(scratch_m, java_lang_Class::protection_domain(orig_mirror));
 945   }
 946 }
 947 
 948 static objArrayOop get_archived_resolved_references(InstanceKlass* src_ik) {
 949   if (SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(src_ik->class_loader_data())) {
 950     objArrayOop rr = src_ik->constants()->resolved_references_or_null();
 951     if (rr != nullptr && !HeapShared::is_too_large_to_archive(rr)) {
 952       return HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(src_ik->constants());
 953     }
 954   }
 955   return nullptr;
 956 }
 957 
 958 int HeapShared::archive_exception_instance(oop exception) {
 959   bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, exception);
 960   assert(success, "sanity");
 961   return append_root(exception);
 962 }
 963 
 964 void HeapShared::get_pointer_info(oop src_obj, bool& has_oop_pointers, bool& has_native_pointers) {
 965   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 966   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 967   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 968   has_oop_pointers = info->has_oop_pointers();
 969   has_native_pointers = info->has_native_pointers();
 970 }
 971 
 972 void HeapShared::set_has_native_pointers(oop src_obj) {
 973   OopHandle oh(&src_obj);
 974   CachedOopInfo* info = archived_object_cache()->get(oh);
 975   assert(info != nullptr, "must be");
 976   info->set_has_native_pointers();
 977 }
 978 
 979 // Between start_scanning_for_oops() and end_scanning_for_oops(), we discover all Java heap objects that
 980 // should be stored in the AOT cache. The scanning is coordinated by AOTArtifactFinder.
 981 void HeapShared::start_scanning_for_oops() {
 982   {
 983     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 984 
 985     // The special subgraph doesn't belong to any class. We use Object_klass() here just
 986     // for convenience.
 987     _dump_time_special_subgraph = init_subgraph_info(vmClasses::Object_klass());
 988 
 989     // Cache for recording where the archived objects are copied to
 990     create_archived_object_cache();
 991 
 992     if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode() && (UseG1GC || UseCompressedOops)) {
 993       aot_log_info(aot)("Heap range = [" PTR_FORMAT " - "  PTR_FORMAT "]",
 994                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::begin()) :
 995                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().start()),
 996                     UseCompressedOops ? p2i(CompressedOops::end()) :
 997                                         p2i((address)G1CollectedHeap::heap()->reserved().end()));
 998     }
 999 
1000     archive_subgraphs();
1001   }
1002 
1003   init_seen_objects_table();
1004   Universe::archive_exception_instances();
1005 }
1006 
1007 void HeapShared::end_scanning_for_oops() {
1008   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
1009     StringTable::init_shared_table();
1010   }
1011   delete_seen_objects_table();
1012 }
1013 
1014 void HeapShared::write_heap(AOTMappedHeapInfo* mapped_heap_info, AOTStreamedHeapInfo* streamed_heap_info) {
1015   {
1016     NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
1017     CDSHeapVerifier::verify();
1018     check_special_subgraph_classes();
1019   }
1020 
1021   if (HeapShared::is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
1022     StringTable::write_shared_table();
1023     AOTMappedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, mapped_heap_info);
1024   } else {
1025     assert(HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode(), "are there more modes?");
1026     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::write(_pending_roots, streamed_heap_info);
1027   }
1028 
1029   ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark;
1030   write_subgraph_info_table();
1031 
1032   DEBUG_ONLY(_runtime_classes_with_cached_oops = _dumptime_classes_with_cached_oops->write_ordered_array());
1033 
1034   delete _pending_roots;
1035   _pending_roots = nullptr;
1036 
1037   make_archived_object_cache_gc_safe();
1038 }
1039 
1040 void HeapShared::scan_java_mirror(oop orig_mirror) {
1041   oop m = scratch_java_mirror(orig_mirror);
1042   if (m != nullptr) { // nullptr if for custom class loader
1043     copy_java_mirror(orig_mirror, m);
1044     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, m);
1045     assert(success, "sanity");
1046   }
1047 }
1048 
1049 void HeapShared::scan_java_class(Klass* orig_k) {
1050   scan_java_mirror(orig_k->java_mirror());
1051 
1052   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1053     InstanceKlass* orig_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1054     orig_ik->constants()->prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving();
1055     objArrayOop rr = get_archived_resolved_references(orig_ik);
1056     if (rr != nullptr) {
1057       bool success = HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(1, _dump_time_special_subgraph, rr);
1058       assert(success, "must be");
1059     }
1060   }
1061 }
1062 
1063 void HeapShared::archive_subgraphs() {
1064   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
1065 
1066   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
1067     archive_object_subgraphs(archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1068   }
1069 }
1070 
1071 //
1072 // Subgraph archiving support
1073 //
1074 HeapShared::DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* HeapShared::_dump_time_subgraph_info_table = nullptr;
1075 HeapShared::RunTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable   HeapShared::_run_time_subgraph_info_table;
1076 
1077 // Get the subgraph_info for Klass k. A new subgraph_info is created if
1078 // there is no existing one for k. The subgraph_info records the "buffered"
1079 // address of the class.
1080 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::init_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
1081   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1082   bool created;
1083   KlassSubGraphInfo* info =
1084     _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->put_if_absent(k, KlassSubGraphInfo(k), &created);
1085   assert(created, "must not initialize twice");
1086   return info;
1087 }
1088 
1089 KlassSubGraphInfo* HeapShared::get_subgraph_info(Klass* k) {
1090   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1091   KlassSubGraphInfo* info = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table->get(k);
1092   assert(info != nullptr, "must have been initialized");
1093   return info;
1094 }
1095 
1096 // Add an entry field to the current KlassSubGraphInfo.
1097 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_entry_field(int static_field_offset, oop v) {
1098   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1099   if (_subgraph_entry_fields == nullptr) {
1100     _subgraph_entry_fields =
1101       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<int>(10, mtClass);
1102   }
1103   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(static_field_offset);
1104   _subgraph_entry_fields->append(HeapShared::append_root(v));
1105 }
1106 
1107 // Add the Klass* for an object in the current KlassSubGraphInfo's subgraphs.
1108 // Only objects of boot classes can be included in sub-graph.
1109 void KlassSubGraphInfo::add_subgraph_object_klass(Klass* orig_k) {
1110   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "dump time only");
1111 
1112   if (_subgraph_object_klasses == nullptr) {
1113     _subgraph_object_klasses =
1114       new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(50, mtClass);
1115   }
1116 
1117   if (_k == orig_k) {
1118     // Don't add the Klass containing the sub-graph to it's own klass
1119     // initialization list.
1120     return;
1121   }
1122 
1123   if (orig_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1124 #ifdef ASSERT
1125     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k);
1126     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1127       // -XX:AOTInitTestClass must be used carefully in regression tests to
1128       // include only classes that are safe to aot-initialize.
1129       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1130              HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) ||
1131              AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class(),
1132             "we can archive only instances of boot classes or lambda proxy classes");
1133     } else {
1134       assert(ik->class_loader() == nullptr, "must be boot class");
1135     }
1136 #endif
1137     // vmClasses::xxx_klass() are not updated, need to check
1138     // the original Klass*
1139     if (orig_k == vmClasses::String_klass() ||
1140         orig_k == vmClasses::Object_klass()) {
1141       // Initialized early during VM initialization. No need to be added
1142       // to the sub-graph object class list.
1143       return;
1144     }
1145     check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(orig_k));
1146   } else if (orig_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1147     Klass* abk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass();
1148     if (abk->is_instance_klass()) {
1149       assert(InstanceKlass::cast(abk)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
1150             "must be boot class");
1151       check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass::cast(ObjArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->bottom_klass()));
1152     }
1153     if (orig_k == Universe::objectArrayKlass()) {
1154       // Initialized early during Universe::genesis. No need to be added
1155       // to the list.
1156       return;
1157     }
1158     if (orig_k->is_flatArray_klass()) {
1159       _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(FlatArrayKlass::cast(orig_k)->element_klass());
1160     }
1161   } else {
1162     assert(orig_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "must be");
1163     // Primitive type arrays are created early during Universe::genesis.
1164     return;
1165   }
1166 
1167   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1168     if (!_subgraph_object_klasses->contains(orig_k)) {
1169       ResourceMark rm;
1170       log_debug(aot, heap)("Adding klass %s", orig_k->external_name());
1171     }
1172   }
1173 
1174   _subgraph_object_klasses->append_if_missing(orig_k);
1175 }
1176 
1177 void KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass(InstanceKlass* ik) {
1178 #ifndef PRODUCT
1179   if (AOTClassInitializer::has_test_class()) {
1180     // The tests can cache arbitrary types of objects.
1181     return;
1182   }
1183 #endif
1184 
1185   if (ik->module()->name() == vmSymbols::java_base()) {
1186     assert(ik->package() != nullptr, "classes in java.base cannot be in unnamed package");
1187     return;
1188   }
1189 
1190   const char* lambda_msg = "";
1191   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1192     lambda_msg = ", or a lambda proxy class";
1193     if (HeapShared::is_lambda_proxy_klass(ik) &&
1194         (ik->class_loader() == nullptr ||
1195          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_platform_loader() ||
1196          ik->class_loader() == SystemDictionary::java_system_loader())) {
1197       return;
1198     }
1199   }
1200 
1201 #ifndef PRODUCT
1202   if (!ik->module()->is_named() && ik->package() == nullptr && ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1203     // This class is loaded by ArchiveHeapTestClass
1204     return;
1205   }
1206   const char* testcls_msg = ", or a test class in an unnamed package of an unnamed module";
1207 #else
1208   const char* testcls_msg = "";
1209 #endif
1210 
1211   ResourceMark rm;
1212   log_error(aot, heap)("Class %s not allowed in archive heap. Must be in java.base%s%s",
1213                        ik->external_name(), lambda_msg, testcls_msg);
1214   AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1215 }
1216 
1217 // Initialize an archived subgraph_info_record from the given KlassSubGraphInfo.
1218 void ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord::init(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1219   _k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(info->klass());
1220   _entry_field_records = nullptr;
1221   _subgraph_object_klasses = nullptr;
1222 
1223   // populate the entry fields
1224   GrowableArray<int>* entry_fields = info->subgraph_entry_fields();
1225   if (entry_fields != nullptr) {
1226     int num_entry_fields = entry_fields->length();
1227     assert(num_entry_fields % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1228     _entry_field_records =
1229       ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<int>(num_entry_fields);
1230     for (int i = 0 ; i < num_entry_fields; i++) {
1231       _entry_field_records->at_put(i, entry_fields->at(i));
1232     }
1233   }
1234 
1235   // <recorded_klasses> has the Klasses of all the objects that are referenced by this subgraph.
1236   // Copy those that need to be explicitly initialized into <_subgraph_object_klasses>.
1237   GrowableArray<Klass*>* recorded_klasses = info->subgraph_object_klasses();
1238   if (recorded_klasses != nullptr) {
1239     // AOT-inited classes are automatically marked as "initialized" during bootstrap. When
1240     // programmatically loading a subgraph, we only need to explicitly initialize the classes
1241     // that are not aot-inited.
1242     int num_to_copy = 0;
1243     for (int i = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1244       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1245       if (!subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1246         num_to_copy ++;
1247       }
1248     }
1249 
1250     _subgraph_object_klasses = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<Klass*>(num_to_copy);
1251     bool is_special = (_k == ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(vmClasses::Object_klass()));
1252     for (int i = 0, n = 0; i < recorded_klasses->length(); i++) {
1253       Klass* subgraph_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(recorded_klasses->at(i));
1254       if (subgraph_k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1255         continue;
1256       }
1257       if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1258         ResourceMark rm;
1259         const char* owner_name =  is_special ? "<special>" : _k->external_name();
1260         if (subgraph_k->is_instance_klass()) {
1261           InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(subgraph_k));
1262         }
1263         log_info(aot, heap)(
1264           "Archived object klass %s (%2d) => %s",
1265           owner_name, n, subgraph_k->external_name());
1266       }
1267       _subgraph_object_klasses->at_put(n, subgraph_k);
1268       ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(_subgraph_object_klasses->adr_at(n));
1269       n++;
1270     }
1271   }
1272 
1273   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_k);
1274   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_entry_field_records);
1275   ArchivePtrMarker::mark_pointer(&_subgraph_object_klasses);
1276 }
1277 
1278 class HeapShared::CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive : StackObj {
1279   CompactHashtableWriter* _writer;
1280 public:
1281   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive(CompactHashtableWriter* writer) : _writer(writer) {}
1282 
1283   bool do_entry(Klass* klass, KlassSubGraphInfo& info) {
1284     if (info.subgraph_object_klasses() != nullptr || info.subgraph_entry_fields() != nullptr) {
1285       ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(&info);
1286       Klass* buffered_k = ArchiveBuilder::get_buffered_klass(klass);
1287       unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary((address)buffered_k);
1288       _writer->add(hash, AOTCompressedPointers::encode_not_null(record));
1289     }
1290     return true; // keep on iterating
1291   }
1292 };
1293 
1294 ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* HeapShared::archive_subgraph_info(KlassSubGraphInfo* info) {
1295   ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1296       (ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*)ArchiveBuilder::ro_region_alloc(sizeof(ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord));
1297   record->init(info);
1298   if (info ==  _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1299     _run_time_special_subgraph = record;
1300   }
1301   return record;
1302 }
1303 
1304 // Build the records of archived subgraph infos, which include:
1305 // - Entry points to all subgraphs from the containing class mirror. The entry
1306 //   points are static fields in the mirror. For each entry point, the field
1307 //   offset, and value are recorded in the sub-graph
1308 //   info. The value is stored back to the corresponding field at runtime.
1309 // - A list of klasses that need to be loaded/initialized before archived
1310 //   java object sub-graph can be accessed at runtime.
1311 void HeapShared::write_subgraph_info_table() {
1312   // Allocate the contents of the hashtable(s) inside the RO region of the CDS archive.
1313   DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable* d_table = _dump_time_subgraph_info_table;
1314   CompactHashtableStats stats;
1315 
1316   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.reset();
1317 
1318   CompactHashtableWriter writer(d_table->number_of_entries(), &stats);
1319   CopyKlassSubGraphInfoToArchive copy(&writer);
1320   d_table->iterate(&copy);
1321   writer.dump(&_run_time_subgraph_info_table, "subgraphs");
1322 
1323 #ifndef PRODUCT
1324   if (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1325     size_t len = strlen(ArchiveHeapTestClass) + 1;
1326     Array<char>* array = ArchiveBuilder::new_ro_array<char>((int)len);
1327     strncpy(array->adr_at(0), ArchiveHeapTestClass, len);
1328     _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass = array;
1329   }
1330 #endif
1331   if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1332     print_stats();
1333   }
1334 }
1335 
1336 void HeapShared::serialize_tables(SerializeClosure* soc) {
1337 
1338 #ifndef PRODUCT
1339   soc->do_ptr(&_archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass);
1340   if (soc->reading() && _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) {
1341     _test_class_name = _archived_ArchiveHeapTestClass->adr_at(0);
1342     setup_test_class(_test_class_name);
1343   }
1344 #endif
1345 
1346   _run_time_subgraph_info_table.serialize_header(soc);
1347   soc->do_ptr(&_run_time_special_subgraph);
1348   DEBUG_ONLY(soc->do_ptr(&_runtime_classes_with_cached_oops));
1349 }
1350 
1351 static void verify_the_heap(Klass* k, const char* which) {
1352   if (VerifyArchivedFields > 0) {
1353     ResourceMark rm;
1354     log_info(aot, heap)("Verify heap %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1355                         which, k->external_name());
1356 
1357     if (VerifyArchivedFields == 1) {
1358       VM_Verify verify_op;
1359       VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
1360     } else if (VerifyArchivedFields == 2 && is_init_completed()) {
1361       // At this time, the oop->klass() of some archived objects in the heap may not
1362       // have been loaded into the system dictionary yet. Nevertheless, oop->klass() should
1363       // have enough information (object size, oop maps, etc) so that a GC can be safely
1364       // performed.
1365       //
1366       // -XX:VerifyArchivedFields=2 force a GC to happen in such an early stage
1367       // to check for GC safety.
1368       log_info(aot, heap)("Trigger GC %s initializing static field(s) in %s",
1369                           which, k->external_name());
1370       FlagSetting fs1(VerifyBeforeGC, true);
1371       FlagSetting fs2(VerifyDuringGC, true);
1372       FlagSetting fs3(VerifyAfterGC,  true);
1373       Universe::heap()->collect(GCCause::_java_lang_system_gc);
1374     }
1375   }
1376 }
1377 
1378 // Before GC can execute, we must ensure that all oops reachable from HeapShared::roots()
1379 // have a valid klass. I.e., oopDesc::klass() must have already been resolved.
1380 void HeapShared::resolve_classes(JavaThread* current) {
1381   assert(CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "runtime only!");
1382   if (CDSConfig::is_using_klass_subgraphs()) {
1383     resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(current, archive_subgraph_entry_fields);
1384   }
1385 }
1386 
1387 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraphs(JavaThread* current, ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
1388   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
1389     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
1390     TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
1391     InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name);
1392     assert(k != nullptr && k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1393     resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(current, k);
1394   }
1395 }
1396 
1397 void HeapShared::resolve_classes_for_subgraph_of(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1398   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1399   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1400   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1401    resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
1402   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1403    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1404   }
1405   if (record == nullptr) {
1406    clear_archived_roots_of(k);
1407   }
1408 }
1409 
1410 void HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(TRAPS) {
1411   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes() || CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
1412     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/Invokers$Holder", true, CHECK);
1413     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle", true, CHECK);
1414     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleNatives", true, CHECK);
1415     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DirectMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1416     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/DelegatingMethodHandle$Holder", true, CHECK);
1417     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Holder", true, CHECK);
1418     resolve_or_init("java/lang/invoke/BoundMethodHandle$Species_L", true, CHECK);
1419   }
1420 }
1421 
1422 // Initialize the InstanceKlasses of objects that are reachable from the following roots:
1423 //   - interned strings
1424 //   - Klass::java_mirror() -- including aot-initialized mirrors such as those of Enum klasses.
1425 //   - ConstantPool::resolved_references()
1426 //   - Universe::<xxx>_exception_instance()
1427 //
1428 // For example, if this enum class is initialized at AOT cache assembly time:
1429 //
1430 //    enum Fruit {
1431 //       APPLE, ORANGE, BANANA;
1432 //       static final Set<Fruit> HAVE_SEEDS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(APPLE, ORANGE));
1433 //   }
1434 //
1435 // the aot-initialized mirror of Fruit has a static field that references HashSet, which
1436 // should be initialized before any Java code can access the Fruit class. Note that
1437 // HashSet itself doesn't necessary need to be an aot-initialized class.
1438 void HeapShared::init_classes_for_special_subgraph(Handle class_loader, TRAPS) {
1439   if (!is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1440     return;
1441   }
1442 
1443   assert( _run_time_special_subgraph != nullptr, "must be");
1444   Array<Klass*>* klasses = _run_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
1445   if (klasses != nullptr) {
1446     for (int pass = 0; pass < 2; pass ++) {
1447       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1448         Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
1449         if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1450           // This class is not yet loaded. We will initialize it in a later phase.
1451           // For example, we have loaded only AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT1 classes
1452           // but k is part of AOTLinkedClassCategory::BOOT2.
1453           continue;
1454         }
1455         if (k->class_loader() == class_loader()) {
1456           if (pass == 0) {
1457             if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1458               InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class(CHECK);
1459             }
1460           } else {
1461             resolve_or_init(k, /*do_init*/true, CHECK);
1462           }
1463         }
1464       }
1465     }
1466   }
1467 }
1468 
1469 void HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph(JavaThread* current, Klass* k) {
1470   JavaThread* THREAD = current;
1471   if (!CDSConfig::is_using_klass_subgraphs()) {
1472     return; // nothing to do
1473   }
1474 
1475   if (k->name()->equals("jdk/internal/module/ArchivedModuleGraph") &&
1476       !CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling() &&
1477       // archive was created with --module-path
1478       AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths() > 0) {
1479     // ArchivedModuleGraph was created with a --module-path that's different than the runtime --module-path.
1480     // Thus, it might contain references to modules that do not exist at runtime. We cannot use it.
1481     log_info(aot, heap)("Skip initializing ArchivedModuleGraph subgraph: is_using_optimized_module_handling=%s num_module_paths=%d",
1482                         BOOL_TO_STR(CDSConfig::is_using_optimized_module_handling()),
1483                         AOTClassLocationConfig::runtime()->num_module_paths());
1484     return;
1485   }
1486 
1487   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1488   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
1489     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
1490 
1491   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1492     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1493     // None of the field value will be set if there was an exception when initializing the classes.
1494     // The java code will not see any of the archived objects in the
1495     // subgraphs referenced from k in this case.
1496     return;
1497   }
1498 
1499   if (record != nullptr) {
1500     init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
1501   }
1502 }
1503 
1504 const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord*
1505 HeapShared::resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1506   assert(!CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "Should not be called when dumping heap");
1507 
1508   if (!k->in_aot_cache()) {
1509     return nullptr;
1510   }
1511   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1512   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1513 
1514 #ifndef PRODUCT
1515   if (_test_class_name != nullptr && k->name()->equals(_test_class_name) && record != nullptr) {
1516     _test_class = k;
1517     _test_class_record = record;
1518   }
1519 #endif
1520 
1521   // Initialize from archived data. Currently this is done only
1522   // during VM initialization time. No lock is needed.
1523   if (record == nullptr) {
1524     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1525       ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1526       log_info(aot, heap)("subgraph %s is not recorded",
1527                           k->external_name());
1528     }
1529     return nullptr;
1530   } else {
1531     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1532       ResourceMark rm;
1533       log_info(aot, heap)("%s subgraph %s ", do_init ? "init" : "resolve", k->external_name());
1534     }
1535 
1536     Array<Klass*>* klasses = record->subgraph_object_klasses();
1537 
1538     if (do_init && klasses != nullptr) {
1539       // All the classes of the oops in this subgraph are in the klasses array.
1540       // Link them first in case any of the oops are used in the <clinit> methods
1541       // invoked in the rest of this function.
1542       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1543         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1544         if (klass->in_aot_cache() && klass->is_instance_klass()) {
1545           InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->link_class(CHECK_NULL);
1546         }
1547       }
1548     }
1549 
1550     resolve_or_init(k, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1551 
1552     // Load/link/initialize the klasses of the objects in the subgraph.
1553     // nullptr class loader is used.
1554     if (klasses != nullptr) {
1555       for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
1556         Klass* klass = klasses->at(i);
1557         if (!klass->in_aot_cache()) {
1558           return nullptr;
1559         }
1560         resolve_or_init(klass, do_init, CHECK_NULL);
1561       }
1562     }
1563   }
1564 
1565   return record;
1566 }
1567 
1568 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(const char* klass_name, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1569   TempNewSymbol klass_name_sym =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(klass_name);
1570   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionaryShared::find_builtin_class(klass_name_sym);
1571   if (k == nullptr) {
1572     return;
1573   }
1574   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "sanity");
1575   resolve_or_init(k, false, CHECK);
1576   if (do_init) {
1577     resolve_or_init(k, true, CHECK);
1578   }
1579 }
1580 
1581 void HeapShared::resolve_or_init(Klass* k, bool do_init, TRAPS) {
1582   if (!do_init) {
1583     if (k->class_loader_data() == nullptr) {
1584       Klass* resolved_k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(k->name(), CHECK);
1585       if (resolved_k->is_array_klass()) {
1586         assert(resolved_k == k || resolved_k == k->super(), "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1587       } else {
1588         assert(resolved_k == k, "classes used by archived heap must not be replaced by JVMTI ClassFileLoadHook");
1589       }
1590     }
1591   } else {
1592     assert(k->class_loader_data() != nullptr, "must have been resolved by HeapShared::resolve_classes");
1593     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
1594       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1595       ik->initialize(CHECK);
1596     } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
1597       ObjArrayKlass* oak = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k);
1598       oak->initialize(CHECK);
1599     }
1600   }
1601 }
1602 
1603 void HeapShared::init_archived_fields_for(Klass* k, const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record) {
1604   verify_the_heap(k, "before");
1605 
1606   Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1607   if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1608     int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1609     assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1610     for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1611       int field_offset = entry_field_records->at(i);
1612       int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1613       // Load the subgraph entry fields from the record and store them back to
1614       // the corresponding fields within the mirror.
1615       oop v = get_root(root_index, /*clear=*/true);
1616       oop m = k->java_mirror();
1617       if (k->has_aot_initialized_mirror()) {
1618         assert(v == m->obj_field(field_offset), "must be aot-initialized");
1619       } else {
1620         m->obj_field_put(field_offset, v);
1621       }
1622       log_debug(aot, heap)("  " PTR_FORMAT " init field @ %2d = " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(k), field_offset, p2i(v));
1623     }
1624 
1625     // Done. Java code can see the archived sub-graphs referenced from k's
1626     // mirror after this point.
1627     if (log_is_enabled(Info, aot, heap)) {
1628       ResourceMark rm;
1629       log_info(aot, heap)("initialize_from_archived_subgraph %s " PTR_FORMAT "%s",
1630                           k->external_name(), p2i(k),
1631                           k->has_aot_initialized_mirror() ? " (aot-inited)" : "");
1632     }
1633   }
1634 
1635   verify_the_heap(k, "after ");
1636 }
1637 
1638 void HeapShared::clear_archived_roots_of(Klass* k) {
1639   unsigned int hash = SystemDictionaryShared::hash_for_shared_dictionary_quick(k);
1640   const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record = _run_time_subgraph_info_table.lookup(k, hash, 0);
1641   if (record != nullptr) {
1642     Array<int>* entry_field_records = record->entry_field_records();
1643     if (entry_field_records != nullptr) {
1644       int efr_len = entry_field_records->length();
1645       assert(efr_len % 2 == 0, "sanity");
1646       for (int i = 0; i < efr_len; i += 2) {
1647         int root_index = entry_field_records->at(i+1);
1648         clear_root(root_index);
1649       }
1650     }
1651   }
1652 }
1653 
1654 // Push all oop fields (or oop array elemenets in case of an objArray) in
1655 // _referencing_obj onto the _stack.
1656 class HeapShared::OopFieldPusher: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1657   PendingOopStack* _stack;
1658   GrowableArray<oop> _found_oop_fields;
1659   int _level;
1660   bool _record_klasses_only;
1661   KlassSubGraphInfo* _subgraph_info;
1662   oop _referencing_obj;
1663   bool _is_java_lang_ref;
1664  public:
1665   OopFieldPusher(PendingOopStack* stack,
1666                  int level,
1667                  bool record_klasses_only,
1668                  KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1669                  oop orig) :
1670     _stack(stack),
1671     _found_oop_fields(),
1672     _level(level),
1673     _record_klasses_only(record_klasses_only),
1674     _subgraph_info(subgraph_info),
1675     _referencing_obj(orig) {
1676     _is_java_lang_ref = AOTReferenceObjSupport::check_if_ref_obj(orig);
1677   }
1678   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1679   void do_oop(      oop *p) { OopFieldPusher::do_oop_work(p); }
1680 
1681   ~OopFieldPusher() {
1682     while (_found_oop_fields.length() > 0) {
1683       // This produces the exact same traversal order as the previous version
1684       // of OopFieldPusher that recurses on the C stack -- a depth-first search,
1685       // walking the oop fields in _referencing_obj by ascending field offsets.
1686       oop obj = _found_oop_fields.pop();
1687       _stack->push(PendingOop(obj, _referencing_obj, _level + 1));
1688     }
1689   }
1690 
1691  protected:
1692   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1693     int field_offset = pointer_delta_as_int((char*)p, cast_from_oop<char*>(_referencing_obj));
1694     oop obj = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(_referencing_obj, field_offset);
1695     if (obj != nullptr) {
1696       if (_is_java_lang_ref && AOTReferenceObjSupport::skip_field(field_offset)) {
1697         // Do not follow these fields. They will be cleared to null.
1698         return;
1699       }
1700 
1701       if (!_record_klasses_only && log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap)) {
1702         ResourceMark rm;
1703         log_debug(aot, heap)("(%d) %s[%d] ==> " PTR_FORMAT " size %zu %s", _level,
1704                              _referencing_obj->klass()->external_name(), field_offset,
1705                              p2i(obj), obj->size() * HeapWordSize, obj->klass()->external_name());
1706         if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1707           LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1708           LogStream out(log);
1709           obj->print_on(&out);
1710         }
1711       }
1712 
1713       _found_oop_fields.push(obj);
1714     }
1715   }
1716 
1717  public:
1718   oop referencing_obj()                       { return _referencing_obj;      }
1719   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info()          { return _subgraph_info;        }
1720 };
1721 
1722 // Checks if an oop has any non-null oop fields
1723 class PointsToOopsChecker : public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1724   bool _result;
1725 
1726   template <class T> void check(T *p) {
1727     _result |= (HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p) != nullptr);
1728   }
1729 
1730 public:
1731   PointsToOopsChecker() : _result(false) {}
1732   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { check(p); }
1733   void do_oop(      oop *p) { check(p); }
1734   bool result() { return _result; }
1735 };
1736 
1737 HeapShared::CachedOopInfo HeapShared::make_cached_oop_info(oop obj, oop referrer) {
1738   PointsToOopsChecker points_to_oops_checker;
1739   obj->oop_iterate(&points_to_oops_checker);
1740   return CachedOopInfo(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), referrer), points_to_oops_checker.result());
1741 }
1742 
1743 void HeapShared::init_box_classes(TRAPS) {
1744   if (is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
1745     vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1746     vmClasses::Character_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1747     vmClasses::Float_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1748     vmClasses::Double_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1749     vmClasses::Byte_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1750     vmClasses::Short_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1751     vmClasses::Integer_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1752     vmClasses::Long_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1753     vmClasses::Void_klass()->initialize(CHECK);
1754   }
1755 }
1756 
1757 // (1) If orig_obj has not been archived yet, archive it.
1758 // (2) If orig_obj has not been seen yet (since start_recording_subgraph() was called),
1759 //     trace all  objects that are reachable from it, and make sure these objects are archived.
1760 // (3) Record the klasses of all objects that are reachable from orig_obj (including those that
1761 //     were already archived when this function is called)
1762 bool HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from(int level,
1763                                                 KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1764                                                 oop orig_obj) {
1765   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1766   PendingOopStack stack;
1767   stack.push(PendingOop(orig_obj, nullptr, level));
1768 
1769   while (stack.length() > 0) {
1770     PendingOop po = stack.pop();
1771     _object_being_archived = po;
1772     bool status = walk_one_object(&stack, po.level(), subgraph_info, po.obj(), po.referrer());
1773     _object_being_archived = PendingOop();
1774 
1775     if (!status) {
1776       // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1777       // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1778       assert(level == 1, "VM should have exited with unarchivable objects for _level > 1");
1779       return false;
1780     }
1781   }
1782 
1783   return true;
1784 }
1785 
1786 bool HeapShared::walk_one_object(PendingOopStack* stack, int level, KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info,
1787                                  oop orig_obj, oop referrer) {
1788   assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be");
1789   if (!JavaClasses::is_supported_for_archiving(orig_obj)) {
1790     // This object has injected fields that cannot be supported easily, so we disallow them for now.
1791     // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added
1792     // these objects that are referenced (directly or indirectly) by static fields.
1793     ResourceMark rm;
1794     log_error(aot, heap)("Cannot archive object " PTR_FORMAT " of class %s", p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->klass()->external_name());
1795     debug_trace();
1796     AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1797   }
1798 
1799   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, aot, heap) && java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1800     ResourceMark rm;
1801     LogTarget(Debug, aot, heap) log;
1802     LogStream out(log);
1803     out.print("Found java mirror " PTR_FORMAT " ", p2i(orig_obj));
1804     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1805     if (k != nullptr) {
1806       out.print("%s", k->external_name());
1807     } else {
1808       out.print("primitive");
1809     }
1810     out.print_cr("; scratch mirror = "  PTR_FORMAT,
1811                  p2i(scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj)));
1812   }
1813 
1814   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1815     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(orig_obj);
1816     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
1817       orig_obj = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k)->java_mirror();
1818     }
1819   }
1820 
1821   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1822     if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj)) {
1823       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1824       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1825     }
1826   } else if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(orig_obj) && subgraph_info != _dump_time_special_subgraph) {
1827     // Without CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes(), we only allow archived objects to
1828     // point to the mirrors of (1) j.l.Object, (2) primitive classes, and (3) box classes. These are initialized
1829     // very early by HeapShared::init_box_classes().
1830     if (orig_obj == vmClasses::Object_klass()->java_mirror()
1831         || java_lang_Class::is_primitive(orig_obj)
1832         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Boolean_klass()->java_mirror()
1833         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Character_klass()->java_mirror()
1834         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Float_klass()->java_mirror()
1835         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Double_klass()->java_mirror()
1836         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Byte_klass()->java_mirror()
1837         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Short_klass()->java_mirror()
1838         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Integer_klass()->java_mirror()
1839         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Long_klass()->java_mirror()
1840         || orig_obj == vmClasses::Void_klass()->java_mirror()) {
1841       orig_obj = scratch_java_mirror(orig_obj);
1842       assert(orig_obj != nullptr, "must be archived");
1843     } else {
1844       // If you get an error here, you probably made a change in the JDK library that has added a Class
1845       // object that is referenced (directly or indirectly) by an ArchivableStaticFieldInfo
1846       // defined at the top of this file.
1847       log_error(aot, heap)("(%d) Unknown java.lang.Class object is in the archived sub-graph", level);
1848       debug_trace();
1849       AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1850     }
1851   }
1852 
1853   if (has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj)) {
1854     // orig_obj has already been archived and traced. Nothing more to do.
1855     return true;
1856   } else {
1857     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(orig_obj);
1858   }
1859 
1860   bool already_archived = has_been_archived(orig_obj);
1861   bool record_klasses_only = already_archived;
1862   if (!already_archived) {
1863     ++_num_new_archived_objs;
1864     if (!archive_object(orig_obj, referrer, subgraph_info)) {
1865       // Skip archiving the sub-graph referenced from the current entry field.
1866       ResourceMark rm;
1867       log_error(aot, heap)(
1868         "Cannot archive the sub-graph referenced from %s object ("
1869         PTR_FORMAT ") size %zu, skipped.",
1870         orig_obj->klass()->external_name(), p2i(orig_obj), orig_obj->size() * HeapWordSize);
1871       if (level == 1) {
1872         // Don't archive a subgraph root that's too big. For archives static fields, that's OK
1873         // as the Java code will take care of initializing this field dynamically.
1874         return false;
1875       } else {
1876         // We don't know how to handle an object that has been archived, but some of its reachable
1877         // objects cannot be archived. Bail out for now. We might need to fix this in the future if
1878         // we have a real use case.
1879         AOTMetaspace::unrecoverable_writing_error();
1880       }
1881     }
1882   }
1883 
1884   Klass *orig_k = orig_obj->klass();
1885   subgraph_info->add_subgraph_object_klass(orig_k);
1886 
1887   {
1888     // Find all the oops that are referenced by orig_obj, push them onto the stack
1889     // so we can work on them next.
1890     ResourceMark rm;
1891     OopFieldPusher pusher(stack, level, record_klasses_only, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1892     orig_obj->oop_iterate(&pusher);
1893   }
1894 
1895   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
1896     // The enum klasses are archived with aot-initialized mirror.
1897     // See AOTClassInitializer::can_archive_initialized_mirror().
1898   } else {
1899     // This is legacy support for enum classes before JEP 483 -- we cannot rerun
1900     // the enum's <clinit> in the production run, so special handling is needed.
1901     if (CDSEnumKlass::is_enum_obj(orig_obj)) {
1902       CDSEnumKlass::handle_enum_obj(level + 1, subgraph_info, orig_obj);
1903     }
1904   }
1905 
1906   return true;
1907 }
1908 
1909 //
1910 // Start from the given static field in a java mirror and archive the
1911 // complete sub-graph of java heap objects that are reached directly
1912 // or indirectly from the starting object by following references.
1913 // Sub-graph archiving restrictions (current):
1914 //
1915 // - All classes of objects in the archived sub-graph (including the
1916 //   entry class) must be boot class only.
1917 // - No java.lang.Class instance (java mirror) can be included inside
1918 //   an archived sub-graph. Mirror can only be the sub-graph entry object.
1919 //
1920 // The Java heap object sub-graph archiving process (see OopFieldPusher):
1921 //
1922 // 1) Java object sub-graph archiving starts from a given static field
1923 // within a Class instance (java mirror). If the static field is a
1924 // reference field and points to a non-null java object, proceed to
1925 // the next step.
1926 //
1927 // 2) Archives the referenced java object. If an archived copy of the
1928 // current object already exists, updates the pointer in the archived
1929 // copy of the referencing object to point to the current archived object.
1930 // Otherwise, proceed to the next step.
1931 //
1932 // 3) Follows all references within the current java object and recursively
1933 // archive the sub-graph of objects starting from each reference.
1934 //
1935 // 4) Updates the pointer in the archived copy of referencing object to
1936 // point to the current archived object.
1937 //
1938 // 5) The Klass of the current java object is added to the list of Klasses
1939 // for loading and initializing before any object in the archived graph can
1940 // be accessed at runtime.
1941 //
1942 void HeapShared::archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(InstanceKlass *k,
1943                                                              const char* klass_name,
1944                                                              int field_offset,
1945                                                              const char* field_name) {
1946   precond(CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs());
1947   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1948 
1949   oop m = k->java_mirror();
1950 
1951   KlassSubGraphInfo* subgraph_info = get_subgraph_info(k);
1952   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
1953 
1954   log_debug(aot, heap)("Start archiving from: %s::%s (" PTR_FORMAT ")", klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1955 
1956   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
1957     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, aot, heap)) {
1958       LogTarget(Trace, aot, heap) log;
1959       LogStream out(log);
1960       f->print_on(&out);
1961     }
1962 
1963     bool success = archive_reachable_objects_from(1, subgraph_info, f);
1964     if (!success) {
1965       log_error(aot, heap)("Archiving failed %s::%s (some reachable objects cannot be archived)",
1966                            klass_name, field_name);
1967     } else {
1968       // Note: the field value is not preserved in the archived mirror.
1969       // Record the field as a new subGraph entry point. The recorded
1970       // information is restored from the archive at runtime.
1971       subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, f);
1972       log_info(aot, heap)("Archived field %s::%s => " PTR_FORMAT, klass_name, field_name, p2i(f));
1973     }
1974   } else {
1975     // The field contains null, we still need to record the entry point,
1976     // so it can be restored at runtime.
1977     subgraph_info->add_subgraph_entry_field(field_offset, nullptr);
1978   }
1979 }
1980 
1981 #ifndef PRODUCT
1982 class VerifySharedOopClosure: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
1983  public:
1984   void do_oop(narrowOop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1985   void do_oop(      oop *p) { VerifySharedOopClosure::do_oop_work(p); }
1986 
1987  protected:
1988   template <class T> void do_oop_work(T *p) {
1989     oop obj = HeapAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1990     if (obj != nullptr) {
1991       HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(obj);
1992     }
1993   }
1994 };
1995 
1996 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from_static_field(InstanceKlass* k, int field_offset) {
1997   precond(CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs());
1998   assert(k->defined_by_boot_loader(), "must be boot class");
1999 
2000   oop m = k->java_mirror();
2001   oop f = m->obj_field(field_offset);
2002   if (!CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
2003     verify_subgraph_from(f);
2004   }
2005 }
2006 
2007 void HeapShared::verify_subgraph_from(oop orig_obj) {
2008   if (!has_been_archived(orig_obj)) {
2009     // It's OK for the root of a subgraph to be not archived. See comments in
2010     // archive_reachable_objects_from().
2011     return;
2012   }
2013 
2014   // Verify that all objects reachable from orig_obj are archived.
2015   init_seen_objects_table();
2016   verify_reachable_objects_from(orig_obj);
2017   delete_seen_objects_table();
2018 }
2019 
2020 void HeapShared::verify_reachable_objects_from(oop obj) {
2021   _num_total_verifications ++;
2022   if (java_lang_Class::is_instance(obj)) {
2023     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(obj);
2024     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(k)) {
2025       k = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(k);
2026       obj = k->java_mirror();
2027     }
2028     obj = scratch_java_mirror(obj);
2029     assert(obj != nullptr, "must be");
2030   }
2031   if (!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj)) {
2032     set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj);
2033     assert(has_been_archived(obj), "must be");
2034     VerifySharedOopClosure walker;
2035     obj->oop_iterate(&walker);
2036   }
2037 }
2038 #endif
2039 
2040 void HeapShared::check_special_subgraph_classes() {
2041   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_aot_linked_classes()) {
2042     // We can have aot-initialized classes (such as Enums) that can reference objects
2043     // of arbitrary types. Currently, we trust the JEP 483 implementation to only
2044     // aot-initialize classes that are "safe".
2045     //
2046     // TODO: we need an automatic tool that checks the safety of aot-initialized
2047     // classes (when we extend the set of aot-initialized classes beyond JEP 483)
2048     return;
2049   } else {
2050     // In this case, the special subgraph should contain a few specific types
2051     GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses = _dump_time_special_subgraph->subgraph_object_klasses();
2052     int num = klasses->length();
2053     for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
2054       Klass* subgraph_k = klasses->at(i);
2055       Symbol* name = subgraph_k->name();
2056 
2057       if (subgraph_k->is_identity_class() &&
2058           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_Class() &&
2059           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_String() &&
2060           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException() &&
2061           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException() &&
2062           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException() &&
2063           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException() &&
2064           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError() &&
2065           name != vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException() &&
2066           name != vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException()) {
2067         ResourceMark rm;
2068         fatal("special subgraph cannot have objects of type %s", subgraph_k->external_name());
2069       }
2070     }
2071   }
2072 }
2073 
2074 HeapShared::SeenObjectsTable* HeapShared::_seen_objects_table = nullptr;
2075 HeapShared::PendingOop HeapShared::_object_being_archived;
2076 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_walked_objs;
2077 size_t HeapShared::_num_new_archived_objs;
2078 size_t HeapShared::_num_old_recorded_klasses;
2079 
2080 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2081 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2082 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2083 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2084 size_t HeapShared::_num_total_verifications = 0;
2085 
2086 bool HeapShared::has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2087   return _seen_objects_table->get(obj) != nullptr;
2088 }
2089 
2090 void HeapShared::set_has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(oop obj) {
2091   assert(!has_been_seen_during_subgraph_recording(obj), "sanity");
2092   _seen_objects_table->put_when_absent(obj, true);
2093   _seen_objects_table->maybe_grow();
2094   ++ _num_new_walked_objs;
2095 }
2096 
2097 void HeapShared::start_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2098   log_info(aot, heap)("Start recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s", class_name);
2099   init_subgraph_info(k);
2100   init_seen_objects_table();
2101   _num_new_walked_objs = 0;
2102   _num_new_archived_objs = 0;
2103   _num_old_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses();
2104 }
2105 
2106 void HeapShared::done_recording_subgraph(InstanceKlass *k, const char* class_name) {
2107   size_t num_new_recorded_klasses = get_subgraph_info(k)->num_subgraph_object_klasses() -
2108     _num_old_recorded_klasses;
2109   log_info(aot, heap)("Done recording subgraph(s) for archived fields in %s: "
2110                       "walked %zu objs, archived %zu new objs, recorded %zu classes",
2111                       class_name, _num_new_walked_objs, _num_new_archived_objs,
2112                       num_new_recorded_klasses);
2113 
2114   delete_seen_objects_table();
2115 
2116   _num_total_subgraph_recordings ++;
2117   _num_total_walked_objs      += _num_new_walked_objs;
2118   _num_total_archived_objs    += _num_new_archived_objs;
2119   _num_total_recorded_klasses +=  num_new_recorded_klasses;
2120 }
2121 
2122 class ArchivableStaticFieldFinder: public FieldClosure {
2123   InstanceKlass* _ik;
2124   Symbol* _field_name;
2125   bool _found;
2126   int _offset;
2127 public:
2128   ArchivableStaticFieldFinder(InstanceKlass* ik, Symbol* field_name) :
2129     _ik(ik), _field_name(field_name), _found(false), _offset(-1) {}
2130 
2131   virtual void do_field(fieldDescriptor* fd) {
2132     if (fd->name() == _field_name) {
2133       assert(!_found, "fields can never be overloaded");
2134       if (is_reference_type(fd->field_type())) {
2135         _found = true;
2136         _offset = fd->offset();
2137       }
2138     }
2139   }
2140   bool found()     { return _found;  }
2141   int offset()     { return _offset; }
2142 };
2143 
2144 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[],
2145                                             TRAPS) {
2146   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2147     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2148     TempNewSymbol klass_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->klass_name);
2149     TempNewSymbol field_name =  SymbolTable::new_symbol(info->field_name);
2150     ResourceMark rm; // for stringStream::as_string() etc.
2151 
2152 #ifndef PRODUCT
2153     bool is_test_class = (ArchiveHeapTestClass != nullptr) && (strcmp(info->klass_name, ArchiveHeapTestClass) == 0);
2154     const char* test_class_name = ArchiveHeapTestClass;
2155 #else
2156     bool is_test_class = false;
2157     const char* test_class_name = ""; // avoid C++ printf checks warnings.
2158 #endif
2159 
2160     if (is_test_class) {
2161       log_warning(aot)("Loading ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2162     }
2163 
2164     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(klass_name, true, THREAD);
2165     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2166       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2167       stringStream st;
2168       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s cannot be loaded by the boot loader", info->klass_name);
2169       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2170     }
2171 
2172     if (!k->is_instance_klass()) {
2173       stringStream st;
2174       st.print("Fail to initialize archive heap: %s is not an instance class", info->klass_name);
2175       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2176     }
2177 
2178     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
2179     assert(InstanceKlass::cast(ik)->defined_by_boot_loader(),
2180            "Only support boot classes");
2181 
2182     if (is_test_class) {
2183       if (ik->module()->is_named()) {
2184         // We don't want ArchiveHeapTestClass to be abused to easily load/initialize arbitrary
2185         // core-lib classes. You need to at least append to the bootclasspath.
2186         stringStream st;
2187         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed module", test_class_name);
2188         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2189       }
2190 
2191       if (ik->package() != nullptr) {
2192         // This restriction makes HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module() easy.
2193         stringStream st;
2194         st.print("ArchiveHeapTestClass %s is not in unnamed package", test_class_name);
2195         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2196       }
2197     } else {
2198       if (ik->module()->name() != vmSymbols::java_base()) {
2199         // We don't want to deal with cases when a module is unavailable at runtime.
2200         // FUTURE -- load from archived heap only when module graph has not changed
2201         //           between dump and runtime.
2202         stringStream st;
2203         st.print("%s is not in java.base module", info->klass_name);
2204         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2205       }
2206     }
2207 
2208     if (is_test_class) {
2209       log_warning(aot)("Initializing ArchiveHeapTestClass %s ...", test_class_name);
2210     }
2211     ik->initialize(CHECK);
2212 
2213     ArchivableStaticFieldFinder finder(ik, field_name);
2214     ik->do_local_static_fields(&finder);
2215     if (!finder.found()) {
2216       stringStream st;
2217       st.print("Unable to find the static T_OBJECT field %s::%s", info->klass_name, info->field_name);
2218       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), st.as_string());
2219     }
2220 
2221     info->klass = ik;
2222     info->offset = finder.offset();
2223   }
2224 }
2225 
2226 void HeapShared::init_subgraph_entry_fields(TRAPS) {
2227   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap(), "must be");
2228   _dump_time_subgraph_info_table = new (mtClass)DumpTimeKlassSubGraphInfoTable();
2229   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_klass_subgraphs()) {
2230     init_subgraph_entry_fields(archive_subgraph_entry_fields, CHECK);
2231   }
2232 }
2233 
2234 #ifndef PRODUCT
2235 void HeapShared::setup_test_class(const char* test_class_name) {
2236   ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* p = archive_subgraph_entry_fields;
2237   int num_slots = sizeof(archive_subgraph_entry_fields) / sizeof(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo);
2238   assert(p[num_slots - 2].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that's patched below");
2239   assert(p[num_slots - 1].klass_name == nullptr, "must have empty slot that marks the end of the list");
2240 
2241   if (test_class_name != nullptr) {
2242     p[num_slots - 2].klass_name = test_class_name;
2243     p[num_slots - 2].field_name = ARCHIVE_TEST_FIELD_NAME;
2244   }
2245 }
2246 
2247 // See if ik is one of the test classes that are pulled in by -XX:ArchiveHeapTestClass
2248 // during runtime. This may be called before the module system is initialized so
2249 // we cannot rely on InstanceKlass::module(), etc.
2250 bool HeapShared::is_a_test_class_in_unnamed_module(Klass* ik) {
2251   if (_test_class != nullptr) {
2252     if (ik == _test_class) {
2253       return true;
2254     }
2255     Array<Klass*>* klasses = _test_class_record->subgraph_object_klasses();
2256     if (klasses == nullptr) {
2257       return false;
2258     }
2259 
2260     for (int i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) {
2261       Klass* k = klasses->at(i);
2262       if (k == ik) {
2263         Symbol* name;
2264         if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
2265           name = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->name();
2266         } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
2267           Klass* bk = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
2268           if (!bk->is_instance_klass()) {
2269             return false;
2270           }
2271           name = bk->name();
2272         } else {
2273           return false;
2274         }
2275 
2276         // See KlassSubGraphInfo::check_allowed_klass() - we only allow test classes
2277         // to be:
2278         //   (A) java.base classes (which must not be in the unnamed module)
2279         //   (B) test classes which must be in the unnamed package of the unnamed module.
2280         // So if we see a '/' character in the class name, it must be in (A);
2281         // otherwise it must be in (B).
2282         if (name->index_of_at(0, "/", 1)  >= 0) {
2283           return false; // (A)
2284         }
2285 
2286         return true; // (B)
2287       }
2288     }
2289   }
2290 
2291   return false;
2292 }
2293 
2294 void HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(JavaThread* current) {
2295   Klass* k = _test_class;
2296   if (k != nullptr && is_archived_heap_in_use()) {
2297     JavaThread* THREAD = current;
2298     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2299     const ArchivedKlassSubGraphInfoRecord* record =
2300       resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/false, THREAD);
2301 
2302     // The _test_class is in the unnamed module, so it can't call CDS.initializeFromArchive()
2303     // from its <clinit> method. So we set up its "archivedObjects" field first, before
2304     // calling its <clinit>. This is not strictly clean, but it's a convenient way to write unit
2305     // test cases (see test/hotspot/jtreg/runtime/cds/appcds/cacheObject/ArchiveHeapTestClass.java).
2306     if (record != nullptr) {
2307       init_archived_fields_for(k, record);
2308     }
2309     resolve_or_init_classes_for_subgraph_of(k, /*do_init=*/true, THREAD);
2310   }
2311 }
2312 #endif
2313 
2314 void HeapShared::init_for_dumping(TRAPS) {
2315   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
2316     setup_test_class(ArchiveHeapTestClass);
2317     init_subgraph_entry_fields(CHECK);
2318   }
2319 }
2320 
2321 void HeapShared::init_heap_writer() {
2322   if (HeapShared::is_writing_streaming_mode()) {
2323     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::init();
2324   } else {
2325     AOTMappedHeapWriter::init();
2326   }
2327 }
2328 
2329 void HeapShared::archive_object_subgraphs(ArchivableStaticFieldInfo fields[]) {
2330   _num_total_subgraph_recordings = 0;
2331   _num_total_walked_objs = 0;
2332   _num_total_archived_objs = 0;
2333   _num_total_recorded_klasses = 0;
2334   _num_total_verifications = 0;
2335 
2336   // For each class X that has one or more archived fields:
2337   // [1] Dump the subgraph of each archived field
2338   // [2] Create a list of all the class of the objects that can be reached
2339   //     by any of these static fields.
2340   //     At runtime, these classes are initialized before X's archived fields
2341   //     are restored by HeapShared::initialize_from_archived_subgraph().
2342   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); ) {
2343     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* info = &fields[i];
2344     const char* klass_name = info->klass_name;
2345     start_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2346 
2347     // If you have specified consecutive fields of the same klass in
2348     // fields[], these will be archived in the same
2349     // {start_recording_subgraph ... done_recording_subgraph} pass to
2350     // save time.
2351     for (; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2352       ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2353       if (f->klass_name != klass_name) {
2354         break;
2355       }
2356 
2357       archive_reachable_objects_from_static_field(f->klass, f->klass_name,
2358                                                   f->offset, f->field_name);
2359     }
2360     done_recording_subgraph(info->klass, klass_name);
2361   }
2362 
2363   log_info(aot, heap)("Archived subgraph records = %zu",
2364                       _num_total_subgraph_recordings);
2365   log_info(aot, heap)("  Walked %zu objects", _num_total_walked_objs);
2366   log_info(aot, heap)("  Archived %zu objects", _num_total_archived_objs);
2367   log_info(aot, heap)("  Recorded %zu klasses", _num_total_recorded_klasses);
2368 
2369 #ifndef PRODUCT
2370   for (int i = 0; fields[i].valid(); i++) {
2371     ArchivableStaticFieldInfo* f = &fields[i];
2372     verify_subgraph_from_static_field(f->klass, f->offset);
2373   }
2374   log_info(aot, heap)("  Verified %zu references", _num_total_verifications);
2375 #endif
2376 }
2377 
2378 bool HeapShared::is_interned_string(oop obj) {
2379   if (!java_lang_String::is_instance(obj)) {
2380     return false;
2381   }
2382 
2383   ResourceMark rm;
2384   int len = 0;
2385   jchar* name = java_lang_String::as_unicode_string_or_null(obj, len);
2386   if (name == nullptr) {
2387     fatal("Insufficient memory for dumping");
2388   }
2389   return StringTable::lookup(name, len) == obj;
2390 }
2391 
2392 bool HeapShared::is_dumped_interned_string(oop o) {
2393   return is_interned_string(o) && has_been_archived(o);
2394 }
2395 
2396 // These tables should be used only within the CDS safepoint, so
2397 // delete them before we exit the safepoint. Otherwise the table will
2398 // contain bad oops after a GC.
2399 void HeapShared::delete_tables_with_raw_oops() {
2400   assert(_seen_objects_table == nullptr, "should have been deleted");
2401 
2402   if (is_writing_mapping_mode()) {
2403     AOTMappedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2404   } else {
2405     assert(is_writing_streaming_mode(), "what other mode?");
2406     AOTStreamedHeapWriter::delete_tables_with_raw_oops();
2407   }
2408 }
2409 
2410 void HeapShared::debug_trace() {
2411   ResourceMark rm;
2412   oop referrer = _object_being_archived.referrer();
2413   if (referrer != nullptr) {
2414     LogStream ls(Log(aot, heap)::error());
2415     ls.print_cr("Reference trace");
2416     CDSHeapVerifier::trace_to_root(&ls, referrer);
2417   }
2418 }
2419 
2420 #ifndef PRODUCT
2421 // At dump-time, find the location of all the non-null oop pointers in an archived heap
2422 // region. This way we can quickly relocate all the pointers without using
2423 // BasicOopIterateClosure at runtime.
2424 class FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
2425   void* _start;
2426   BitMap *_oopmap;
2427   size_t _num_total_oops;
2428   size_t _num_null_oops;
2429  public:
2430   FindEmbeddedNonNullPointers(void* start, BitMap* oopmap)
2431     : _start(start), _oopmap(oopmap), _num_total_oops(0),  _num_null_oops(0) {}
2432 
2433   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p) {
2434     assert(UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2435     _num_total_oops ++;
2436     narrowOop v = *p;
2437     if (!CompressedOops::is_null(v)) {
2438       size_t idx = p - (narrowOop*)_start;
2439       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2440     } else {
2441       _num_null_oops ++;
2442     }
2443   }
2444   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) {
2445     assert(!UseCompressedOops, "sanity");
2446     _num_total_oops ++;
2447     if ((*p) != nullptr) {
2448       size_t idx = p - (oop*)_start;
2449       _oopmap->set_bit(idx);
2450     } else {
2451       _num_null_oops ++;
2452     }
2453   }
2454   size_t num_total_oops() const { return _num_total_oops; }
2455   size_t num_null_oops()  const { return _num_null_oops; }
2456 };
2457 #endif
2458 
2459 void HeapShared::count_allocation(size_t size) {
2460   _total_obj_count ++;
2461   _total_obj_size += size;
2462   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2463     if (size <= (size_t(1) << i)) {
2464       _alloc_count[i] ++;
2465       _alloc_size[i] += size;
2466       return;
2467     }
2468   }
2469 }
2470 
2471 static double avg_size(size_t size, size_t count) {
2472   double avg = 0;
2473   if (count > 0) {
2474     avg = double(size * HeapWordSize) / double(count);
2475   }
2476   return avg;
2477 }
2478 
2479 void HeapShared::print_stats() {
2480   size_t huge_count = _total_obj_count;
2481   size_t huge_size = _total_obj_size;
2482 
2483   for (int i = 0; i < ALLOC_STAT_SLOTS; i++) {
2484     size_t byte_size_limit = (size_t(1) << i) * HeapWordSize;
2485     size_t count = _alloc_count[i];
2486     size_t size = _alloc_size[i];
2487     log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu objects are <= %-6zu"
2488                         " bytes (total %8zu bytes, avg %8.1f bytes)",
2489                         count, byte_size_limit, size * HeapWordSize, avg_size(size, count));
2490     huge_count -= count;
2491     huge_size -= size;
2492   }
2493 
2494   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu huge  objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2495                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2496                       huge_count, huge_size * HeapWordSize,
2497                       avg_size(huge_size, huge_count));
2498   log_info(aot, heap)("%8zu total objects               (total %8zu bytes"
2499                       ", avg %8.1f bytes)",
2500                       _total_obj_count, _total_obj_size * HeapWordSize,
2501                       avg_size(_total_obj_size, _total_obj_count));
2502 }
2503 
2504 bool HeapShared::is_metadata_field(oop src_obj, int offset) {
2505   bool result = false;
2506   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int metadata_offset) {
2507     if (metadata_offset == offset) {
2508       result = true;
2509     }
2510   });
2511   return result;
2512 }
2513 
2514 void HeapShared::remap_dumped_metadata(oop src_obj, address archived_object) {
2515   do_metadata_offsets(src_obj, [&](int offset) {
2516     Metadata** buffered_field_addr = (Metadata**)(archived_object + offset);
2517     Metadata* native_ptr = *buffered_field_addr;
2518 
2519     if (native_ptr == nullptr) {
2520       return;
2521     }
2522 
2523     if (RegeneratedClasses::has_been_regenerated(native_ptr)) {
2524       native_ptr = RegeneratedClasses::get_regenerated_object(native_ptr);
2525     }
2526 
2527     address buffered_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_buffered_addr((address)native_ptr);
2528     address requested_native_ptr = ArchiveBuilder::current()->to_requested(buffered_native_ptr);
2529     *buffered_field_addr = (Metadata*)requested_native_ptr;
2530   });
2531 }
2532 
2533 bool HeapShared::is_archived_boot_layer_available(JavaThread* current) {
2534   TempNewSymbol klass_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_CLASS);
2535   InstanceKlass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, klass_name, Handle());
2536   if (k == nullptr) {
2537     return false;
2538   } else {
2539     TempNewSymbol field_name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(ARCHIVED_BOOT_LAYER_FIELD);
2540     TempNewSymbol field_signature = SymbolTable::new_symbol("Ljdk/internal/module/ArchivedBootLayer;");
2541     fieldDescriptor fd;
2542     if (k->find_field(field_name, field_signature, true, &fd) != nullptr) {
2543       oop m = k->java_mirror();
2544       oop f = m->obj_field(fd.offset());
2545       if (CompressedOops::is_null(f)) {
2546         return false;
2547       }
2548     } else {
2549       return false;
2550     }
2551   }
2552   return true;
2553 }
2554 
2555 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP