1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. 8 * 9 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 10 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 11 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 12 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 13 * accompanied this code). 14 * 15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 16 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 17 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 18 * 19 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 20 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 21 * questions. 22 * 23 */ 24 25 #include "precompiled.hpp" 26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp" 27 #include "cds/archiveHeapLoader.hpp" 28 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp" 29 #include "cds/cdsProtectionDomain.hpp" 30 #include "cds/classListWriter.hpp" 31 #include "cds/classListParser.hpp" 32 #include "cds/classPrelinker.hpp" 33 #include "cds/cppVtables.hpp" 34 #include "cds/dumpAllocStats.hpp" 35 #include "cds/filemap.hpp" 36 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp" 37 #include "cds/lambdaFormInvokers.hpp" 38 #include "cds/metaspaceShared.hpp" 39 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp" 40 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataShared.hpp" 41 #include "classfile/classLoaderExt.hpp" 42 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp" 43 #include "classfile/loaderConstraints.hpp" 44 #include "classfile/placeholders.hpp" 45 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp" 46 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp" 47 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp" 48 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp" 49 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp" 50 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp" 51 #include "code/codeCache.hpp" 52 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp" 53 #include "interpreter/bytecodeStream.hpp" 54 #include "interpreter/bytecodes.hpp" 55 #include "jvm_io.h" 56 #include "logging/log.hpp" 57 #include "logging/logMessage.hpp" 58 #include "logging/logStream.hpp" 59 #include "memory/metaspace.hpp" 60 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp" 61 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp" 62 #include "memory/universe.hpp" 63 #include "oops/compressedOops.inline.hpp" 64 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp" 65 #include "oops/inlineKlass.hpp" 66 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp" 67 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp" 68 #include "oops/objArrayOop.hpp" 69 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp" 70 #include "oops/oopHandle.hpp" 71 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp" 72 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp" 73 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp" 74 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp" 75 #include "runtime/os.inline.hpp" 76 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp" 77 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp" 78 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp" 79 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp" 80 #include "services/memTracker.hpp" 81 #include "utilities/align.hpp" 82 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp" 83 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp" 84 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp" 85 #include "utilities/resourceHash.hpp" 86 #if INCLUDE_G1GC 87 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp" 88 #endif 89 90 ReservedSpace MetaspaceShared::_symbol_rs; 91 VirtualSpace MetaspaceShared::_symbol_vs; 92 bool MetaspaceShared::_has_error_classes; 93 bool MetaspaceShared::_archive_loading_failed = false; 94 bool MetaspaceShared::_remapped_readwrite = false; 95 void* MetaspaceShared::_shared_metaspace_static_top = NULL; 96 intx MetaspaceShared::_relocation_delta; 97 char* MetaspaceShared::_requested_base_address; 98 bool MetaspaceShared::_use_optimized_module_handling = true; 99 bool MetaspaceShared::_use_full_module_graph = true; 100 101 // The CDS archive is divided into the following regions: 102 // rw - read-write metadata 103 // ro - read-only metadata and read-only tables 104 // 105 // ca0 - closed archive heap space #0 106 // ca1 - closed archive heap space #1 (may be empty) 107 // oa0 - open archive heap space #0 108 // oa1 - open archive heap space #1 (may be empty) 109 // 110 // bm - bitmap for relocating the above 7 regions. 111 // 112 // The rw and ro regions are linearly allocated, in the order of rw->ro. 113 // These regions are aligned with MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment(). 114 // 115 // These 2 regions are populated in the following steps: 116 // [0] All classes are loaded in MetaspaceShared::preload_classes(). All metadata are 117 // temporarily allocated outside of the shared regions. 118 // [1] We enter a safepoint and allocate a buffer for the rw/ro regions. 119 // [2] C++ vtables are copied into the rw region. 120 // [3] ArchiveBuilder copies RW metadata into the rw region. 121 // [4] ArchiveBuilder copies RO metadata into the ro region. 122 // [5] SymbolTable, StringTable, SystemDictionary, and a few other read-only data 123 // are copied into the ro region as read-only tables. 124 // 125 // The ca0/ca1 and oa0/oa1 regions are populated inside HeapShared::archive_objects. 126 // Their layout is independent of the rw/ro regions. 127 128 static DumpRegion _symbol_region("symbols"); 129 130 char* MetaspaceShared::symbol_space_alloc(size_t num_bytes) { 131 return _symbol_region.allocate(num_bytes); 132 } 133 134 // os::vm_allocation_granularity() is usually 4K for most OSes. However, some platforms 135 // such as linux-aarch64 and macos-x64 ... 136 // it can be either 4K or 64K and on macos-aarch64 it is 16K. To generate archives that are 137 // compatible for both settings, an alternative cds core region alignment can be enabled 138 // at building time: 139 // --enable-compactible-cds-alignment 140 // Upon successful configuration, the compactible alignment then can be defined in: 141 // os_linux_aarch64.cpp 142 // os_bsd_x86.cpp 143 size_t MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment() { 144 return os::cds_core_region_alignment(); 145 } 146 147 static bool shared_base_valid(char* shared_base) { 148 #ifdef _LP64 149 return CompressedKlassPointers::is_valid_base((address)shared_base); 150 #else 151 return true; 152 #endif 153 } 154 155 class DumpClassListCLDClosure : public CLDClosure { 156 static const int INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE = 1987; 157 static const int MAX_TABLE_SIZE = 61333; 158 159 fileStream *_stream; 160 ResizeableResourceHashtable<InstanceKlass*, bool, 161 AnyObj::C_HEAP, mtClassShared> _dumped_classes; 162 163 void dump(InstanceKlass* ik) { 164 bool created; 165 _dumped_classes.put_if_absent(ik, &created); 166 if (!created) { 167 return; 168 } 169 if (_dumped_classes.maybe_grow()) { 170 log_info(cds, hashtables)("Expanded _dumped_classes table to %d", _dumped_classes.table_size()); 171 } 172 if (ik->java_super()) { 173 dump(ik->java_super()); 174 } 175 Array<InstanceKlass*>* interfaces = ik->local_interfaces(); 176 int len = interfaces->length(); 177 for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { 178 dump(interfaces->at(i)); 179 } 180 ClassListWriter::write_to_stream(ik, _stream); 181 } 182 183 public: 184 DumpClassListCLDClosure(fileStream* f) 185 : CLDClosure(), _dumped_classes(INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, MAX_TABLE_SIZE) { 186 _stream = f; 187 } 188 189 void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) { 190 for (Klass* klass = cld->klasses(); klass != NULL; klass = klass->next_link()) { 191 if (klass->is_instance_klass()) { 192 dump(InstanceKlass::cast(klass)); 193 } 194 } 195 } 196 }; 197 198 void MetaspaceShared::dump_loaded_classes(const char* file_name, TRAPS) { 199 fileStream stream(file_name, "w"); 200 if (stream.is_open()) { 201 MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock); 202 MutexLocker lock2(ClassListFile_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag); 203 DumpClassListCLDClosure collect_classes(&stream); 204 ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_cld_do(&collect_classes); 205 } else { 206 THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_io_IOException(), "Failed to open file"); 207 } 208 } 209 210 static bool shared_base_too_high(char* specified_base, char* aligned_base, size_t cds_max) { 211 if (specified_base != NULL && aligned_base < specified_base) { 212 // SharedBaseAddress is very high (e.g., 0xffffffffffffff00) so 213 // align_up(SharedBaseAddress, MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment()) has wrapped around. 214 return true; 215 } 216 if (max_uintx - uintx(aligned_base) < uintx(cds_max)) { 217 // The end of the archive will wrap around 218 return true; 219 } 220 221 return false; 222 } 223 224 static char* compute_shared_base(size_t cds_max) { 225 char* specified_base = (char*)SharedBaseAddress; 226 char* aligned_base = align_up(specified_base, MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment()); 227 228 const char* err = NULL; 229 if (shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max)) { 230 err = "too high"; 231 } else if (!shared_base_valid(aligned_base)) { 232 err = "invalid for this platform"; 233 } else { 234 return aligned_base; 235 } 236 237 log_warning(cds)("SharedBaseAddress (" INTPTR_FORMAT ") is %s. Reverted to " INTPTR_FORMAT, 238 p2i((void*)SharedBaseAddress), err, 239 p2i((void*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress())); 240 241 specified_base = (char*)Arguments::default_SharedBaseAddress(); 242 aligned_base = align_up(specified_base, MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment()); 243 244 // Make sure the default value of SharedBaseAddress specified in globals.hpp is sane. 245 assert(!shared_base_too_high(specified_base, aligned_base, cds_max), "Sanity"); 246 assert(shared_base_valid(aligned_base), "Sanity"); 247 return aligned_base; 248 } 249 250 void MetaspaceShared::initialize_for_static_dump() { 251 assert(DumpSharedSpaces, "should be called for dump time only"); 252 log_info(cds)("Core region alignment: " SIZE_FORMAT, core_region_alignment()); 253 // The max allowed size for CDS archive. We use this to limit SharedBaseAddress 254 // to avoid address space wrap around. 255 size_t cds_max; 256 const size_t reserve_alignment = core_region_alignment(); 257 258 #ifdef _LP64 259 const uint64_t UnscaledClassSpaceMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1); 260 cds_max = align_down(UnscaledClassSpaceMax, reserve_alignment); 261 #else 262 // We don't support archives larger than 256MB on 32-bit due to limited 263 // virtual address space. 264 cds_max = align_down(256*M, reserve_alignment); 265 #endif 266 267 _requested_base_address = compute_shared_base(cds_max); 268 SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)_requested_base_address; 269 270 size_t symbol_rs_size = LP64_ONLY(3 * G) NOT_LP64(128 * M); 271 _symbol_rs = ReservedSpace(symbol_rs_size); 272 if (!_symbol_rs.is_reserved()) { 273 vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to reserve memory for symbols", 274 err_msg(SIZE_FORMAT " bytes.", symbol_rs_size)); 275 } 276 _symbol_region.init(&_symbol_rs, &_symbol_vs); 277 } 278 279 // Called by universe_post_init() 280 void MetaspaceShared::post_initialize(TRAPS) { 281 if (UseSharedSpaces) { 282 int size = FileMapInfo::get_number_of_shared_paths(); 283 if (size > 0) { 284 CDSProtectionDomain::allocate_shared_data_arrays(size, CHECK); 285 if (!DynamicDumpSharedSpaces) { 286 FileMapInfo* info; 287 if (FileMapInfo::dynamic_info() == NULL) { 288 info = FileMapInfo::current_info(); 289 } else { 290 info = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info(); 291 } 292 ClassLoaderExt::init_paths_start_index(info->app_class_paths_start_index()); 293 ClassLoaderExt::init_app_module_paths_start_index(info->app_module_paths_start_index()); 294 } 295 } 296 } 297 } 298 299 static GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>* _extra_interned_strings = NULL; 300 static GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>* _extra_symbols = NULL; 301 302 void MetaspaceShared::read_extra_data(JavaThread* current, const char* filename) { 303 _extra_interned_strings = new GrowableArrayCHeap<OopHandle, mtClassShared>(10000); 304 _extra_symbols = new GrowableArrayCHeap<Symbol*, mtClassShared>(1000); 305 306 HashtableTextDump reader(filename); 307 reader.check_version("VERSION: 1.0"); 308 309 while (reader.remain() > 0) { 310 int utf8_length; 311 int prefix_type = reader.scan_prefix(&utf8_length); 312 ResourceMark rm(current); 313 if (utf8_length == 0x7fffffff) { 314 // buf_len will overflown 32-bit value. 315 vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("string length too large: %d", utf8_length)); 316 } 317 int buf_len = utf8_length+1; 318 char* utf8_buffer = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, buf_len); 319 reader.get_utf8(utf8_buffer, utf8_length); 320 utf8_buffer[utf8_length] = '\0'; 321 322 if (prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::SymbolPrefix) { 323 _extra_symbols->append(SymbolTable::new_permanent_symbol(utf8_buffer)); 324 } else{ 325 assert(prefix_type == HashtableTextDump::StringPrefix, "Sanity"); 326 ExceptionMark em(current); 327 JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros. 328 oop str = StringTable::intern(utf8_buffer, THREAD); 329 330 if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) { 331 log_warning(cds, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string allocation failed; size too large: %d", 332 reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length); 333 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; 334 } else { 335 #if INCLUDE_G1GC 336 if (UseG1GC) { 337 typeArrayOop body = java_lang_String::value(str); 338 const HeapRegion* hr = G1CollectedHeap::heap()->heap_region_containing(body); 339 if (hr->is_humongous()) { 340 // Don't keep it alive, so it will be GC'ed before we dump the strings, in order 341 // to maximize free heap space and minimize fragmentation. 342 log_warning(cds, heap)("[line %d] extra interned string ignored; size too large: %d", 343 reader.last_line_no(), utf8_length); 344 continue; 345 } 346 } 347 #endif 348 // Make sure this string is included in the dumped interned string table. 349 assert(str != NULL, "must succeed"); 350 _extra_interned_strings->append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), str)); 351 } 352 } 353 } 354 } 355 356 // Read/write a data stream for restoring/preserving metadata pointers and 357 // miscellaneous data from/to the shared archive file. 358 359 void MetaspaceShared::serialize(SerializeClosure* soc) { 360 int tag = 0; 361 soc->do_tag(--tag); 362 363 // Verify the sizes of various metadata in the system. 364 soc->do_tag(sizeof(Method)); 365 soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstMethod)); 366 soc->do_tag(arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE)); 367 soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPool)); 368 soc->do_tag(sizeof(ConstantPoolCache)); 369 soc->do_tag(objArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes()); 370 soc->do_tag(typeArrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_BYTE)); 371 soc->do_tag(sizeof(Symbol)); 372 373 // Need to do this first, as subsequent steps may call virtual functions 374 // in archived Metadata objects. 375 CppVtables::serialize(soc); 376 soc->do_tag(--tag); 377 378 // Dump/restore miscellaneous metadata. 379 JavaClasses::serialize_offsets(soc); 380 HeapShared::serialize_root(soc); 381 Universe::serialize(soc); 382 soc->do_tag(--tag); 383 384 // Dump/restore references to commonly used names and signatures. 385 vmSymbols::serialize(soc); 386 soc->do_tag(--tag); 387 388 // Dump/restore the symbol/string/subgraph_info tables 389 SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc); 390 StringTable::serialize_shared_table_header(soc); 391 HeapShared::serialize_tables(soc); 392 SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_dictionary_headers(soc); 393 394 InstanceMirrorKlass::serialize_offsets(soc); 395 396 // Dump/restore well known classes (pointers) 397 SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_vm_classes(soc); 398 soc->do_tag(--tag); 399 400 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(ClassLoaderDataShared::serialize(soc);) 401 402 LambdaFormInvokers::serialize(soc); 403 soc->do_tag(666); 404 } 405 406 static void rewrite_nofast_bytecode(const methodHandle& method) { 407 BytecodeStream bcs(method); 408 while (!bcs.is_last_bytecode()) { 409 Bytecodes::Code opcode = bcs.next(); 410 switch (opcode) { 411 case Bytecodes::_getfield: *bcs.bcp() = Bytecodes::_nofast_getfield; break; 412 case Bytecodes::_putfield: *bcs.bcp() = Bytecodes::_nofast_putfield; break; 413 case Bytecodes::_aload_0: *bcs.bcp() = Bytecodes::_nofast_aload_0; break; 414 case Bytecodes::_iload: { 415 if (!bcs.is_wide()) { 416 *bcs.bcp() = Bytecodes::_nofast_iload; 417 } 418 break; 419 } 420 default: break; 421 } 422 } 423 } 424 425 // [1] Rewrite all bytecodes as needed, so that the ConstMethod* will not be modified 426 // at run time by RewriteBytecodes/RewriteFrequentPairs 427 // [2] Assign a fingerprint, so one doesn't need to be assigned at run-time. 428 void MetaspaceShared::rewrite_nofast_bytecodes_and_calculate_fingerprints(Thread* thread, InstanceKlass* ik) { 429 for (int i = 0; i < ik->methods()->length(); i++) { 430 methodHandle m(thread, ik->methods()->at(i)); 431 if (ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() && ik->is_linked()) { 432 rewrite_nofast_bytecode(m); 433 } 434 Fingerprinter fp(m); 435 // The side effect of this call sets method's fingerprint field. 436 fp.fingerprint(); 437 } 438 } 439 440 class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace : public VM_GC_Operation { 441 private: 442 GrowableArray<MemRegion> *_closed_heap_regions; 443 GrowableArray<MemRegion> *_open_heap_regions; 444 445 GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo> *_closed_heap_bitmaps; 446 GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo> *_open_heap_bitmaps; 447 448 void dump_java_heap_objects(GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses) NOT_CDS_JAVA_HEAP_RETURN; 449 void dump_heap_bitmaps() NOT_CDS_JAVA_HEAP_RETURN; 450 void dump_heap_bitmaps(GrowableArray<MemRegion>* regions, 451 GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo>* bitmaps); 452 void dump_one_heap_bitmap(MemRegion region, GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo>* bitmaps, 453 ResourceBitMap bitmap, bool is_oopmap); 454 void dump_shared_symbol_table(GrowableArray<Symbol*>* symbols) { 455 log_info(cds)("Dumping symbol table ..."); 456 SymbolTable::write_to_archive(symbols); 457 } 458 char* dump_read_only_tables(); 459 460 public: 461 462 VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace() : 463 VM_GC_Operation(0 /* total collections, ignored */, GCCause::_archive_time_gc), 464 _closed_heap_regions(NULL), 465 _open_heap_regions(NULL), 466 _closed_heap_bitmaps(NULL), 467 _open_heap_bitmaps(NULL) {} 468 469 bool skip_operation() const { return false; } 470 471 VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_PopulateDumpSharedSpace; } 472 void doit(); // outline because gdb sucks 473 bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const { return true; } 474 }; // class VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace 475 476 class StaticArchiveBuilder : public ArchiveBuilder { 477 public: 478 StaticArchiveBuilder() : ArchiveBuilder() {} 479 480 virtual void iterate_roots(MetaspaceClosure* it, bool is_relocating_pointers) { 481 FileMapInfo::metaspace_pointers_do(it, false); 482 SystemDictionaryShared::dumptime_classes_do(it); 483 Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(it); 484 vmSymbols::metaspace_pointers_do(it); 485 486 // The above code should find all the symbols that are referenced by the 487 // archived classes. We just need to add the extra symbols which 488 // may not be used by any of the archived classes -- these are usually 489 // symbols that we anticipate to be used at run time, so we can store 490 // them in the RO region, to be shared across multiple processes. 491 if (_extra_symbols != NULL) { 492 for (int i = 0; i < _extra_symbols->length(); i++) { 493 it->push(_extra_symbols->adr_at(i)); 494 } 495 } 496 } 497 }; 498 499 char* VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_read_only_tables() { 500 ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark; 501 502 SystemDictionaryShared::write_to_archive(); 503 504 // Write lambform lines into archive 505 LambdaFormInvokers::dump_static_archive_invokers(); 506 // Write the other data to the output array. 507 DumpRegion* ro_region = ArchiveBuilder::current()->ro_region(); 508 char* start = ro_region->top(); 509 WriteClosure wc(ro_region); 510 MetaspaceShared::serialize(&wc); 511 512 // Write the bitmaps for patching the archive heap regions 513 dump_heap_bitmaps(); 514 515 return start; 516 } 517 518 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::doit() { 519 HeapShared::run_full_gc_in_vm_thread(); 520 521 DEBUG_ONLY(SystemDictionaryShared::NoClassLoadingMark nclm); 522 523 FileMapInfo::check_nonempty_dir_in_shared_path_table(); 524 525 NOT_PRODUCT(SystemDictionary::verify();) 526 527 // Block concurrent class unloading from changing the _dumptime_table 528 MutexLocker ml(DumpTimeTable_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag); 529 SystemDictionaryShared::check_excluded_classes(); 530 531 StaticArchiveBuilder builder; 532 builder.gather_source_objs(); 533 builder.reserve_buffer(); 534 535 char* cloned_vtables = CppVtables::dumptime_init(&builder); 536 537 builder.dump_rw_metadata(); 538 builder.dump_ro_metadata(); 539 builder.relocate_metaspaceobj_embedded_pointers(); 540 541 // Dump supported java heap objects 542 dump_java_heap_objects(builder.klasses()); 543 544 builder.relocate_roots(); 545 dump_shared_symbol_table(builder.symbols()); 546 547 builder.relocate_vm_classes(); 548 549 log_info(cds)("Make classes shareable"); 550 builder.make_klasses_shareable(); 551 552 char* serialized_data = dump_read_only_tables(); 553 554 SystemDictionaryShared::adjust_lambda_proxy_class_dictionary(); 555 556 // The vtable clones contain addresses of the current process. 557 // We don't want to write these addresses into the archive. 558 CppVtables::zero_archived_vtables(); 559 560 // relocate the data so that it can be mapped to MetaspaceShared::requested_base_address() 561 // without runtime relocation. 562 builder.relocate_to_requested(); 563 564 // Write the archive file 565 const char* static_archive = Arguments::GetSharedArchivePath(); 566 assert(static_archive != nullptr, "SharedArchiveFile not set?"); 567 FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true); 568 mapinfo->populate_header(MetaspaceShared::core_region_alignment()); 569 mapinfo->set_serialized_data(serialized_data); 570 mapinfo->set_cloned_vtables(cloned_vtables); 571 mapinfo->open_for_write(); 572 builder.write_archive(mapinfo, 573 _closed_heap_regions, 574 _open_heap_regions, 575 _closed_heap_bitmaps, 576 _open_heap_bitmaps); 577 578 if (PrintSystemDictionaryAtExit) { 579 SystemDictionary::print(); 580 } 581 582 if (AllowArchivingWithJavaAgent) { 583 warning("This archive was created with AllowArchivingWithJavaAgent. It should be used " 584 "for testing purposes only and should not be used in a production environment"); 585 } 586 587 // There may be pending VM operations. We have changed some global states 588 // (such as vmClasses::_klasses) that may cause these VM operations 589 // to fail. For safety, forget these operations and exit the VM directly. 590 os::_exit(0); 591 } 592 593 class CollectCLDClosure : public CLDClosure { 594 GrowableArray<ClassLoaderData*> _loaded_cld; 595 GrowableArray<OopHandle> _loaded_cld_handles; // keep the CLDs alive 596 Thread* _current_thread; 597 public: 598 CollectCLDClosure(Thread* thread) : _current_thread(thread) {} 599 ~CollectCLDClosure() { 600 for (int i = 0; i < _loaded_cld_handles.length(); i++) { 601 _loaded_cld_handles.at(i).release(Universe::vm_global()); 602 } 603 } 604 void do_cld(ClassLoaderData* cld) { 605 assert(cld->is_alive(), "must be"); 606 _loaded_cld.append(cld); 607 _loaded_cld_handles.append(OopHandle(Universe::vm_global(), cld->holder())); 608 } 609 610 int nof_cld() const { return _loaded_cld.length(); } 611 ClassLoaderData* cld_at(int index) { return _loaded_cld.at(index); } 612 }; 613 614 // Check if we can eagerly link this class at dump time, so we can avoid the 615 // runtime linking overhead (especially verification) 616 bool MetaspaceShared::may_be_eagerly_linked(InstanceKlass* ik) { 617 if (!ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime()) { 618 // For old classes, try to leave them in the unlinked state, so 619 // we can still store them in the archive. They must be 620 // linked/verified at runtime. 621 return false; 622 } 623 if (DynamicDumpSharedSpaces && ik->is_shared_unregistered_class()) { 624 // Linking of unregistered classes at this stage may cause more 625 // classes to be resolved, resulting in calls to ClassLoader.loadClass() 626 // that may not be expected by custom class loaders. 627 // 628 // It's OK to do this for the built-in loaders as we know they can 629 // tolerate this. (Note that unregistered classes are loaded by the NULL 630 // loader during DumpSharedSpaces). 631 return false; 632 } 633 return true; 634 } 635 636 bool MetaspaceShared::link_class_for_cds(InstanceKlass* ik, TRAPS) { 637 // Link the class to cause the bytecodes to be rewritten and the 638 // cpcache to be created. Class verification is done according 639 // to -Xverify setting. 640 bool res = MetaspaceShared::try_link_class(THREAD, ik); 641 ClassPrelinker::dumptime_resolve_constants(ik, CHECK_(false)); 642 return res; 643 } 644 645 void MetaspaceShared::link_shared_classes(bool jcmd_request, TRAPS) { 646 ClassPrelinker::initialize(); 647 648 if (!jcmd_request) { 649 LambdaFormInvokers::regenerate_holder_classes(CHECK); 650 } 651 652 // Collect all loaded ClassLoaderData. 653 CollectCLDClosure collect_cld(THREAD); 654 { 655 // ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_cld_do requires ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock. 656 // We cannot link the classes while holding this lock (or else we may run into deadlock). 657 // Therefore, we need to first collect all the CLDs, and then link their classes after 658 // releasing the lock. 659 MutexLocker lock(ClassLoaderDataGraph_lock); 660 ClassLoaderDataGraph::loaded_cld_do(&collect_cld); 661 } 662 663 while (true) { 664 bool has_linked = false; 665 for (int i = 0; i < collect_cld.nof_cld(); i++) { 666 ClassLoaderData* cld = collect_cld.cld_at(i); 667 for (Klass* klass = cld->klasses(); klass != NULL; klass = klass->next_link()) { 668 if (klass->is_instance_klass()) { 669 InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass); 670 if (may_be_eagerly_linked(ik)) { 671 has_linked |= link_class_for_cds(ik, CHECK); 672 } 673 } 674 } 675 } 676 677 if (!has_linked) { 678 break; 679 } 680 // Class linking includes verification which may load more classes. 681 // Keep scanning until we have linked no more classes. 682 } 683 } 684 685 void MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping() { 686 Arguments::assert_is_dumping_archive(); 687 Arguments::check_unsupported_dumping_properties(); 688 689 ClassLoader::initialize_shared_path(JavaThread::current()); 690 } 691 692 // Preload classes from a list, populate the shared spaces and dump to a 693 // file. 694 void MetaspaceShared::preload_and_dump() { 695 EXCEPTION_MARK; 696 ResourceMark rm(THREAD); 697 preload_and_dump_impl(THREAD); 698 if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) { 699 if (PENDING_EXCEPTION->is_a(vmClasses::OutOfMemoryError_klass())) { 700 vm_direct_exit(-1, err_msg("Out of memory. Please run with a larger Java heap, current MaxHeapSize = " 701 SIZE_FORMAT "M", MaxHeapSize/M)); 702 } else { 703 log_error(cds)("%s: %s", PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->external_name(), 704 java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(java_lang_Throwable::message(PENDING_EXCEPTION))); 705 vm_direct_exit(-1, "VM exits due to exception, use -Xlog:cds,exceptions=trace for detail"); 706 } 707 } else { 708 // On success, the VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace op should have 709 // exited the VM. 710 ShouldNotReachHere(); 711 } 712 } 713 714 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && defined(_LP64) 715 void MetaspaceShared::adjust_heap_sizes_for_dumping() { 716 if (!DumpSharedSpaces || UseCompressedOops) { 717 return; 718 } 719 // CDS heap dumping requires all string oops to have an offset 720 // from the heap bottom that can be encoded in 32-bit. 721 julong max_heap_size = (julong)(4 * G); 722 723 if (MinHeapSize > max_heap_size) { 724 log_debug(cds)("Setting MinHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = " SIZE_FORMAT "M", MinHeapSize/M); 725 FLAG_SET_ERGO(MinHeapSize, max_heap_size); 726 } 727 if (InitialHeapSize > max_heap_size) { 728 log_debug(cds)("Setting InitialHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = " SIZE_FORMAT "M", InitialHeapSize/M); 729 FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialHeapSize, max_heap_size); 730 } 731 if (MaxHeapSize > max_heap_size) { 732 log_debug(cds)("Setting MaxHeapSize to 4G for CDS dumping, original size = " SIZE_FORMAT "M", MaxHeapSize/M); 733 FLAG_SET_ERGO(MaxHeapSize, max_heap_size); 734 } 735 } 736 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP && _LP64 737 738 void MetaspaceShared::get_default_classlist(char* default_classlist, const size_t buf_size) { 739 // Construct the path to the class list (in jre/lib) 740 // Walk up two directories from the location of the VM and 741 // optionally tack on "lib" (depending on platform) 742 os::jvm_path(default_classlist, (jint)(buf_size)); 743 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 744 char *end = strrchr(default_classlist, *os::file_separator()); 745 if (end != NULL) *end = '\0'; 746 } 747 size_t classlist_path_len = strlen(default_classlist); 748 if (classlist_path_len >= 3) { 749 if (strcmp(default_classlist + classlist_path_len - 3, "lib") != 0) { 750 if (classlist_path_len < buf_size - 4) { 751 jio_snprintf(default_classlist + classlist_path_len, 752 buf_size - classlist_path_len, 753 "%slib", os::file_separator()); 754 classlist_path_len += 4; 755 } 756 } 757 } 758 if (classlist_path_len < buf_size - 10) { 759 jio_snprintf(default_classlist + classlist_path_len, 760 buf_size - classlist_path_len, 761 "%sclasslist", os::file_separator()); 762 } 763 } 764 765 void MetaspaceShared::preload_classes(TRAPS) { 766 char default_classlist[JVM_MAXPATHLEN]; 767 const char* classlist_path; 768 769 get_default_classlist(default_classlist, sizeof(default_classlist)); 770 if (SharedClassListFile == NULL) { 771 classlist_path = default_classlist; 772 } else { 773 classlist_path = SharedClassListFile; 774 } 775 776 log_info(cds)("Loading classes to share ..."); 777 _has_error_classes = false; 778 int class_count = ClassListParser::parse_classlist(classlist_path, 779 ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK); 780 if (ExtraSharedClassListFile) { 781 class_count += ClassListParser::parse_classlist(ExtraSharedClassListFile, 782 ClassListParser::_parse_all, CHECK); 783 } 784 if (classlist_path != default_classlist) { 785 struct stat statbuf; 786 if (os::stat(default_classlist, &statbuf) == 0) { 787 // File exists, let's use it. 788 class_count += ClassListParser::parse_classlist(default_classlist, 789 ClassListParser::_parse_lambda_forms_invokers_only, CHECK); 790 } 791 } 792 793 // Exercise the manifest processing code to ensure classes used by CDS at runtime 794 // are always archived 795 const char* dummy = "Manifest-Version: 1.0\n"; 796 CDSProtectionDomain::create_jar_manifest(dummy, strlen(dummy), CHECK); 797 798 log_info(cds)("Loading classes to share: done."); 799 log_info(cds)("Shared spaces: preloaded %d classes", class_count); 800 } 801 802 void MetaspaceShared::preload_and_dump_impl(TRAPS) { 803 preload_classes(CHECK); 804 805 if (SharedArchiveConfigFile) { 806 log_info(cds)("Reading extra data from %s ...", SharedArchiveConfigFile); 807 read_extra_data(THREAD, SharedArchiveConfigFile); 808 log_info(cds)("Reading extra data: done."); 809 } 810 811 HeapShared::init_for_dumping(CHECK); 812 813 // Rewrite and link classes 814 log_info(cds)("Rewriting and linking classes ..."); 815 816 // Link any classes which got missed. This would happen if we have loaded classes that 817 // were not explicitly specified in the classlist. E.g., if an interface implemented by class K 818 // fails verification, all other interfaces that were not specified in the classlist but 819 // are implemented by K are not verified. 820 link_shared_classes(false/*not from jcmd*/, CHECK); 821 log_info(cds)("Rewriting and linking classes: done"); 822 823 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP 824 if (use_full_module_graph()) { 825 HeapShared::reset_archived_object_states(CHECK); 826 } 827 #endif 828 829 VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace op; 830 VMThread::execute(&op); 831 } 832 833 // Returns true if the class's status has changed. 834 bool MetaspaceShared::try_link_class(JavaThread* current, InstanceKlass* ik) { 835 ExceptionMark em(current); 836 JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros. 837 Arguments::assert_is_dumping_archive(); 838 if (ik->is_loaded() && !ik->is_linked() && ik->can_be_verified_at_dumptime() && 839 !SystemDictionaryShared::has_class_failed_verification(ik)) { 840 bool saved = BytecodeVerificationLocal; 841 if (ik->is_shared_unregistered_class() && ik->class_loader() == NULL) { 842 // The verification decision is based on BytecodeVerificationRemote 843 // for non-system classes. Since we are using the NULL classloader 844 // to load non-system classes for customized class loaders during dumping, 845 // we need to temporarily change BytecodeVerificationLocal to be the same as 846 // BytecodeVerificationRemote. Note this can cause the parent system 847 // classes also being verified. The extra overhead is acceptable during 848 // dumping. 849 BytecodeVerificationLocal = BytecodeVerificationRemote; 850 } 851 ik->link_class(THREAD); 852 if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) { 853 ResourceMark rm(THREAD); 854 log_warning(cds)("Preload Warning: Verification failed for %s", 855 ik->external_name()); 856 CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; 857 SystemDictionaryShared::set_class_has_failed_verification(ik); 858 _has_error_classes = true; 859 } 860 BytecodeVerificationLocal = saved; 861 return true; 862 } else { 863 return false; 864 } 865 } 866 867 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP 868 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_java_heap_objects(GrowableArray<Klass*>* klasses) { 869 if(!HeapShared::can_write()) { 870 log_info(cds)( 871 "Archived java heap is not supported as UseG1GC " 872 "and UseCompressedClassPointers are required." 873 "Current settings: UseG1GC=%s, UseCompressedClassPointers=%s.", 874 BOOL_TO_STR(UseG1GC), BOOL_TO_STR(UseCompressedClassPointers)); 875 return; 876 } 877 // Find all the interned strings that should be dumped. 878 int i; 879 for (i = 0; i < klasses->length(); i++) { 880 Klass* k = klasses->at(i); 881 if (k->is_instance_klass()) { 882 InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k); 883 if (ik->is_linked()) { 884 ik->constants()->add_dumped_interned_strings(); 885 } 886 } 887 } 888 if (_extra_interned_strings != NULL) { 889 for (i = 0; i < _extra_interned_strings->length(); i ++) { 890 OopHandle string = _extra_interned_strings->at(i); 891 HeapShared::add_to_dumped_interned_strings(string.resolve()); 892 } 893 } 894 895 // The closed and open archive heap space has maximum two regions. 896 // See FileMapInfo::write_heap_regions() for details. 897 _closed_heap_regions = new GrowableArray<MemRegion>(2); 898 _open_heap_regions = new GrowableArray<MemRegion>(2); 899 HeapShared::archive_objects(_closed_heap_regions, _open_heap_regions); 900 ArchiveBuilder::OtherROAllocMark mark; 901 HeapShared::write_subgraph_info_table(); 902 } 903 904 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_heap_bitmaps() { 905 if (HeapShared::can_write()) { 906 _closed_heap_bitmaps = new GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo>(2); 907 dump_heap_bitmaps(_closed_heap_regions, _closed_heap_bitmaps); 908 909 _open_heap_bitmaps = new GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo>(2); 910 dump_heap_bitmaps(_open_heap_regions, _open_heap_bitmaps); 911 } 912 } 913 914 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_heap_bitmaps(GrowableArray<MemRegion>* regions, 915 GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo>* bitmaps) { 916 for (int i = 0; i < regions->length(); i++) { 917 MemRegion region = regions->at(i); 918 ResourceBitMap oopmap = HeapShared::calculate_oopmap(region); 919 ResourceBitMap ptrmap = HeapShared::calculate_ptrmap(region); 920 dump_one_heap_bitmap(region, bitmaps, oopmap, true); 921 dump_one_heap_bitmap(region, bitmaps, ptrmap, false); 922 } 923 } 924 925 void VM_PopulateDumpSharedSpace::dump_one_heap_bitmap(MemRegion region, 926 GrowableArray<ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo>* bitmaps, 927 ResourceBitMap bitmap, bool is_oopmap) { 928 size_t size_in_bits = bitmap.size(); 929 size_t size_in_bytes; 930 uintptr_t* buffer; 931 932 if (size_in_bits > 0) { 933 size_in_bytes = bitmap.size_in_bytes(); 934 buffer = (uintptr_t*)NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, size_in_bytes, mtInternal); 935 bitmap.write_to(buffer, size_in_bytes); 936 } else { 937 size_in_bytes = 0; 938 buffer = NULL; 939 } 940 941 log_info(cds, heap)("%s = " INTPTR_FORMAT " (" SIZE_FORMAT_W(6) " bytes) for heap region " 942 INTPTR_FORMAT " (" SIZE_FORMAT_W(8) " bytes)", 943 is_oopmap ? "Oopmap" : "Ptrmap", 944 p2i(buffer), size_in_bytes, 945 p2i(region.start()), region.byte_size()); 946 947 ArchiveHeapBitmapInfo info; 948 info._map = (address)buffer; 949 info._size_in_bits = size_in_bits; 950 info._size_in_bytes = size_in_bytes; 951 bitmaps->append(info); 952 } 953 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP 954 955 void MetaspaceShared::set_shared_metaspace_range(void* base, void *static_top, void* top) { 956 assert(base <= static_top && static_top <= top, "must be"); 957 _shared_metaspace_static_top = static_top; 958 MetaspaceObj::set_shared_metaspace_range(base, top); 959 } 960 961 bool MetaspaceShared::is_shared_dynamic(void* p) { 962 if ((p < MetaspaceObj::shared_metaspace_top()) && 963 (p >= _shared_metaspace_static_top)) { 964 return true; 965 } else { 966 return false; 967 } 968 } 969 970 void MetaspaceShared::initialize_runtime_shared_and_meta_spaces() { 971 assert(UseSharedSpaces, "Must be called when UseSharedSpaces is enabled"); 972 MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE; 973 974 FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo = open_static_archive(); 975 FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo = NULL; 976 977 if (static_mapinfo != NULL) { 978 log_info(cds)("Core region alignment: " SIZE_FORMAT, static_mapinfo->core_region_alignment()); 979 dynamic_mapinfo = open_dynamic_archive(); 980 981 // First try to map at the requested address 982 result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, true); 983 if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE) { 984 // Mapping has failed (probably due to ASLR). Let's map at an address chosen 985 // by the OS. 986 log_info(cds)("Try to map archive(s) at an alternative address"); 987 result = map_archives(static_mapinfo, dynamic_mapinfo, false); 988 } 989 } 990 991 if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 992 bool dynamic_mapped = (dynamic_mapinfo != NULL && dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped()); 993 char* cds_base = static_mapinfo->mapped_base(); 994 char* cds_end = dynamic_mapped ? dynamic_mapinfo->mapped_end() : static_mapinfo->mapped_end(); 995 set_shared_metaspace_range(cds_base, static_mapinfo->mapped_end(), cds_end); 996 _relocation_delta = static_mapinfo->relocation_delta(); 997 _requested_base_address = static_mapinfo->requested_base_address(); 998 if (dynamic_mapped) { 999 FileMapInfo::set_shared_path_table(dynamic_mapinfo); 1000 // turn AutoCreateSharedArchive off if successfully mapped 1001 AutoCreateSharedArchive = false; 1002 } else { 1003 FileMapInfo::set_shared_path_table(static_mapinfo); 1004 } 1005 } else { 1006 set_shared_metaspace_range(NULL, NULL, NULL); 1007 if (DynamicDumpSharedSpaces) { 1008 warning("-XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit is unsupported when base CDS archive is not loaded. Run with -Xlog:cds for more info."); 1009 } 1010 UseSharedSpaces = false; 1011 // The base archive cannot be mapped. We cannot dump the dynamic shared archive. 1012 AutoCreateSharedArchive = false; 1013 DynamicDumpSharedSpaces = false; 1014 FileMapInfo::fail_continue("Unable to map shared spaces"); 1015 if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) { 1016 vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive."); 1017 } 1018 } 1019 1020 if (static_mapinfo != NULL && !static_mapinfo->is_mapped()) { 1021 delete static_mapinfo; 1022 } 1023 if (dynamic_mapinfo != NULL && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped()) { 1024 delete dynamic_mapinfo; 1025 } 1026 } 1027 1028 FileMapInfo* MetaspaceShared::open_static_archive() { 1029 const char* static_archive = Arguments::GetSharedArchivePath(); 1030 assert(static_archive != nullptr, "SharedArchivePath is NULL"); 1031 FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(static_archive, true); 1032 if (!mapinfo->initialize()) { 1033 delete(mapinfo); 1034 return NULL; 1035 } 1036 return mapinfo; 1037 } 1038 1039 FileMapInfo* MetaspaceShared::open_dynamic_archive() { 1040 if (DynamicDumpSharedSpaces) { 1041 return NULL; 1042 } 1043 const char* dynamic_archive = Arguments::GetSharedDynamicArchivePath(); 1044 if (dynamic_archive == nullptr) { 1045 return NULL; 1046 } 1047 1048 FileMapInfo* mapinfo = new FileMapInfo(dynamic_archive, false); 1049 if (!mapinfo->initialize()) { 1050 delete(mapinfo); 1051 return NULL; 1052 } 1053 return mapinfo; 1054 } 1055 1056 // use_requested_addr: 1057 // true = map at FileMapHeader::_requested_base_address 1058 // false = map at an alternative address picked by OS. 1059 MapArchiveResult MetaspaceShared::map_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo, FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo, 1060 bool use_requested_addr) { 1061 if (use_requested_addr && static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() == NULL) { 1062 log_info(cds)("Archive(s) were created with -XX:SharedBaseAddress=0. Always map at os-selected address."); 1063 return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1064 } 1065 1066 PRODUCT_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) { 1067 // For product build only -- this is for benchmarking the cost of doing relocation. 1068 // For debug builds, the check is done below, after reserving the space, for better test coverage 1069 // (see comment below). 1070 log_info(cds)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address"); 1071 return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1072 }); 1073 1074 if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 2 && !use_requested_addr) { 1075 log_info(cds)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 2: never map archive(s) at an alternative address"); 1076 return MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1077 }; 1078 1079 if (dynamic_mapinfo != NULL) { 1080 // Ensure that the OS won't be able to allocate new memory spaces between the two 1081 // archives, or else it would mess up the simple comparison in MetaspaceObj::is_shared(). 1082 assert(static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() == dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_base_offset(), "no gap"); 1083 } 1084 1085 ReservedSpace total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs; 1086 MapArchiveResult result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE; 1087 char* mapped_base_address = reserve_address_space_for_archives(static_mapinfo, 1088 dynamic_mapinfo, 1089 use_requested_addr, 1090 total_space_rs, 1091 archive_space_rs, 1092 class_space_rs); 1093 if (mapped_base_address == NULL) { 1094 result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1095 log_debug(cds)("Failed to reserve spaces (use_requested_addr=%u)", (unsigned)use_requested_addr); 1096 } else { 1097 1098 #ifdef ASSERT 1099 // Some sanity checks after reserving address spaces for archives 1100 // and class space. 1101 assert(archive_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Sanity"); 1102 if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) { 1103 // Class space must closely follow the archive space. Both spaces 1104 // must be aligned correctly. 1105 assert(class_space_rs.is_reserved(), 1106 "A class space should have been reserved"); 1107 assert(class_space_rs.base() >= archive_space_rs.end(), 1108 "class space should follow the cds archive space"); 1109 assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(), 1110 core_region_alignment()), 1111 "Archive space misaligned"); 1112 assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(), 1113 Metaspace::reserve_alignment()), 1114 "class space misaligned"); 1115 } 1116 #endif // ASSERT 1117 1118 log_info(cds)("Reserved archive_space_rs [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (" SIZE_FORMAT ") bytes", 1119 p2i(archive_space_rs.base()), p2i(archive_space_rs.end()), archive_space_rs.size()); 1120 log_info(cds)("Reserved class_space_rs [" INTPTR_FORMAT " - " INTPTR_FORMAT "] (" SIZE_FORMAT ") bytes", 1121 p2i(class_space_rs.base()), p2i(class_space_rs.end()), class_space_rs.size()); 1122 1123 if (MetaspaceShared::use_windows_memory_mapping()) { 1124 // We have now reserved address space for the archives, and will map in 1125 // the archive files into this space. 1126 // 1127 // Special handling for Windows: on Windows we cannot map a file view 1128 // into an existing memory mapping. So, we unmap the address range we 1129 // just reserved again, which will make it available for mapping the 1130 // archives. 1131 // Reserving this range has not been for naught however since it makes 1132 // us reasonably sure the address range is available. 1133 // 1134 // But still it may fail, since between unmapping the range and mapping 1135 // in the archive someone else may grab the address space. Therefore 1136 // there is a fallback in FileMap::map_region() where we just read in 1137 // the archive files sequentially instead of mapping it in. We couple 1138 // this with use_requested_addr, since we're going to patch all the 1139 // pointers anyway so there's no benefit to mmap. 1140 if (use_requested_addr) { 1141 assert(!total_space_rs.is_reserved(), "Should not be reserved for Windows"); 1142 log_info(cds)("Windows mmap workaround: releasing archive space."); 1143 archive_space_rs.release(); 1144 } 1145 } 1146 MapArchiveResult static_result = map_archive(static_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs); 1147 MapArchiveResult dynamic_result = (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) ? 1148 map_archive(dynamic_mapinfo, mapped_base_address, archive_space_rs) : MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE; 1149 1150 DEBUG_ONLY(if (ArchiveRelocationMode == 1 && use_requested_addr) { 1151 // This is for simulating mmap failures at the requested address. In 1152 // debug builds, we do it here (after all archives have possibly been 1153 // mapped), so we can thoroughly test the code for failure handling 1154 // (releasing all allocated resource, etc). 1155 log_info(cds)("ArchiveRelocationMode == 1: always map archive(s) at an alternative address"); 1156 if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 1157 static_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1158 } 1159 if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 1160 dynamic_result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1161 } 1162 }); 1163 1164 if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 1165 if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 1166 result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; 1167 } else if (dynamic_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) { 1168 assert(dynamic_mapinfo != NULL && !dynamic_mapinfo->is_mapped(), "must have failed"); 1169 // No need to retry mapping the dynamic archive again, as it will never succeed 1170 // (bad file, etc) -- just keep the base archive. 1171 log_warning(cds, dynamic)("Unable to use shared archive. The top archive failed to load: %s", 1172 dynamic_mapinfo->full_path()); 1173 result = MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; 1174 // TODO, we can give the unused space for the dynamic archive to class_space_rs, but there's no 1175 // easy API to do that right now. 1176 } else { 1177 result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1178 } 1179 } else if (static_result == MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE) { 1180 result = MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE; 1181 } else { 1182 result = MAP_ARCHIVE_MMAP_FAILURE; 1183 } 1184 } 1185 1186 if (result == MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 1187 SharedBaseAddress = (size_t)mapped_base_address; 1188 LP64_ONLY({ 1189 if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) { 1190 // Set up ccs in metaspace. 1191 Metaspace::initialize_class_space(class_space_rs); 1192 1193 // Set up compressed Klass pointer encoding: the encoding range must 1194 // cover both archive and class space. 1195 address cds_base = (address)static_mapinfo->mapped_base(); 1196 address ccs_end = (address)class_space_rs.end(); 1197 assert(ccs_end > cds_base, "Sanity check"); 1198 CompressedKlassPointers::initialize(cds_base, ccs_end - cds_base); 1199 1200 // map_heap_regions() compares the current narrow oop and klass encodings 1201 // with the archived ones, so it must be done after all encodings are determined. 1202 static_mapinfo->map_or_load_heap_regions(); 1203 } 1204 }); 1205 log_info(cds)("optimized module handling: %s", MetaspaceShared::use_optimized_module_handling() ? "enabled" : "disabled"); 1206 log_info(cds)("full module graph: %s", MetaspaceShared::use_full_module_graph() ? "enabled" : "disabled"); 1207 } else { 1208 unmap_archive(static_mapinfo); 1209 unmap_archive(dynamic_mapinfo); 1210 release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs); 1211 } 1212 1213 return result; 1214 } 1215 1216 1217 // This will reserve two address spaces suitable to house Klass structures, one 1218 // for the cds archives (static archive and optionally dynamic archive) and 1219 // optionally one move for ccs. 1220 // 1221 // Since both spaces must fall within the compressed class pointer encoding 1222 // range, they are allocated close to each other. 1223 // 1224 // Space for archives will be reserved first, followed by a potential gap, 1225 // followed by the space for ccs: 1226 // 1227 // +-- Base address A B End 1228 // | | | | 1229 // v v v v 1230 // +-------------+--------------+ +----------------------+ 1231 // | static arc | [dyn. arch] | [gap] | compr. class space | 1232 // +-------------+--------------+ +----------------------+ 1233 // 1234 // (The gap may result from different alignment requirements between metaspace 1235 // and CDS) 1236 // 1237 // If UseCompressedClassPointers is disabled, only one address space will be 1238 // reserved: 1239 // 1240 // +-- Base address End 1241 // | | 1242 // v v 1243 // +-------------+--------------+ 1244 // | static arc | [dyn. arch] | 1245 // +-------------+--------------+ 1246 // 1247 // Base address: If use_archive_base_addr address is true, the Base address is 1248 // determined by the address stored in the static archive. If 1249 // use_archive_base_addr address is false, this base address is determined 1250 // by the platform. 1251 // 1252 // If UseCompressedClassPointers=1, the range encompassing both spaces will be 1253 // suitable to en/decode narrow Klass pointers: the base will be valid for 1254 // encoding, the range [Base, End) not surpass KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax. 1255 // 1256 // Return: 1257 // 1258 // - On success: 1259 // - total_space_rs will be reserved as whole for archive_space_rs and 1260 // class_space_rs if UseCompressedClassPointers is true. 1261 // On Windows, try reserve archive_space_rs and class_space_rs 1262 // separately first if use_archive_base_addr is true. 1263 // - archive_space_rs will be reserved and large enough to host static and 1264 // if needed dynamic archive: [Base, A). 1265 // archive_space_rs.base and size will be aligned to CDS reserve 1266 // granularity. 1267 // - class_space_rs: If UseCompressedClassPointers=1, class_space_rs will 1268 // be reserved. Its start address will be aligned to metaspace reserve 1269 // alignment, which may differ from CDS alignment. It will follow the cds 1270 // archive space, close enough such that narrow class pointer encoding 1271 // covers both spaces. 1272 // If UseCompressedClassPointers=0, class_space_rs remains unreserved. 1273 // - On error: NULL is returned and the spaces remain unreserved. 1274 char* MetaspaceShared::reserve_address_space_for_archives(FileMapInfo* static_mapinfo, 1275 FileMapInfo* dynamic_mapinfo, 1276 bool use_archive_base_addr, 1277 ReservedSpace& total_space_rs, 1278 ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs, 1279 ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) { 1280 1281 address const base_address = (address) (use_archive_base_addr ? static_mapinfo->requested_base_address() : NULL); 1282 const size_t archive_space_alignment = core_region_alignment(); 1283 1284 // Size and requested location of the archive_space_rs (for both static and dynamic archives) 1285 assert(static_mapinfo->mapping_base_offset() == 0, "Must be"); 1286 size_t archive_end_offset = (dynamic_mapinfo == NULL) ? static_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset() : dynamic_mapinfo->mapping_end_offset(); 1287 size_t archive_space_size = align_up(archive_end_offset, archive_space_alignment); 1288 1289 // If a base address is given, it must have valid alignment and be suitable as encoding base. 1290 if (base_address != NULL) { 1291 assert(is_aligned(base_address, archive_space_alignment), 1292 "Archive base address invalid: " PTR_FORMAT ".", p2i(base_address)); 1293 if (Metaspace::using_class_space()) { 1294 assert(CompressedKlassPointers::is_valid_base(base_address), 1295 "Archive base address invalid: " PTR_FORMAT ".", p2i(base_address)); 1296 } 1297 } 1298 1299 if (!Metaspace::using_class_space()) { 1300 // Get the simple case out of the way first: 1301 // no compressed class space, simple allocation. 1302 archive_space_rs = ReservedSpace(archive_space_size, archive_space_alignment, 1303 os::vm_page_size(), (char*)base_address); 1304 if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) { 1305 assert(base_address == NULL || 1306 (address)archive_space_rs.base() == base_address, "Sanity"); 1307 // Register archive space with NMT. 1308 MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type(archive_space_rs.base(), mtClassShared); 1309 return archive_space_rs.base(); 1310 } 1311 return NULL; 1312 } 1313 1314 #ifdef _LP64 1315 1316 // Complex case: two spaces adjacent to each other, both to be addressable 1317 // with narrow class pointers. 1318 // We reserve the whole range spanning both spaces, then split that range up. 1319 1320 const size_t class_space_alignment = Metaspace::reserve_alignment(); 1321 1322 // To simplify matters, lets assume that metaspace alignment will always be 1323 // equal or a multiple of archive alignment. 1324 assert(is_power_of_2(class_space_alignment) && 1325 is_power_of_2(archive_space_alignment) && 1326 class_space_alignment >= archive_space_alignment, 1327 "Sanity"); 1328 1329 const size_t class_space_size = CompressedClassSpaceSize; 1330 assert(CompressedClassSpaceSize > 0 && 1331 is_aligned(CompressedClassSpaceSize, class_space_alignment), 1332 "CompressedClassSpaceSize malformed: " 1333 SIZE_FORMAT, CompressedClassSpaceSize); 1334 1335 const size_t ccs_begin_offset = align_up(base_address + archive_space_size, 1336 class_space_alignment) - base_address; 1337 const size_t gap_size = ccs_begin_offset - archive_space_size; 1338 1339 const size_t total_range_size = 1340 align_up(archive_space_size + gap_size + class_space_size, core_region_alignment()); 1341 1342 assert(total_range_size > ccs_begin_offset, "must be"); 1343 if (use_windows_memory_mapping() && use_archive_base_addr) { 1344 if (base_address != nullptr) { 1345 // On Windows, we cannot safely split a reserved memory space into two (see JDK-8255917). 1346 // Hence, we optimistically reserve archive space and class space side-by-side. We only 1347 // do this for use_archive_base_addr=true since for use_archive_base_addr=false case 1348 // caller will not split the combined space for mapping, instead read the archive data 1349 // via sequential file IO. 1350 address ccs_base = base_address + archive_space_size + gap_size; 1351 archive_space_rs = ReservedSpace(archive_space_size, archive_space_alignment, 1352 os::vm_page_size(), (char*)base_address); 1353 class_space_rs = ReservedSpace(class_space_size, class_space_alignment, 1354 os::vm_page_size(), (char*)ccs_base); 1355 } 1356 if (!archive_space_rs.is_reserved() || !class_space_rs.is_reserved()) { 1357 release_reserved_spaces(total_space_rs, archive_space_rs, class_space_rs); 1358 return NULL; 1359 } 1360 } else { 1361 if (use_archive_base_addr && base_address != nullptr) { 1362 total_space_rs = ReservedSpace(total_range_size, archive_space_alignment, 1363 os::vm_page_size(), (char*) base_address); 1364 } else { 1365 // Reserve at any address, but leave it up to the platform to choose a good one. 1366 total_space_rs = Metaspace::reserve_address_space_for_compressed_classes(total_range_size); 1367 } 1368 1369 if (!total_space_rs.is_reserved()) { 1370 return NULL; 1371 } 1372 1373 // Paranoid checks: 1374 assert(base_address == NULL || (address)total_space_rs.base() == base_address, 1375 "Sanity (" PTR_FORMAT " vs " PTR_FORMAT ")", p2i(base_address), p2i(total_space_rs.base())); 1376 assert(is_aligned(total_space_rs.base(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity"); 1377 assert(total_space_rs.size() == total_range_size, "Sanity"); 1378 assert(CompressedKlassPointers::is_valid_base((address)total_space_rs.base()), "Sanity"); 1379 1380 // Now split up the space into ccs and cds archive. For simplicity, just leave 1381 // the gap reserved at the end of the archive space. Do not do real splitting. 1382 archive_space_rs = total_space_rs.first_part(ccs_begin_offset, 1383 (size_t)archive_space_alignment); 1384 class_space_rs = total_space_rs.last_part(ccs_begin_offset); 1385 MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_split_reserved(total_space_rs.base(), total_space_rs.size(), 1386 ccs_begin_offset); 1387 } 1388 assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.base(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity"); 1389 assert(is_aligned(archive_space_rs.size(), archive_space_alignment), "Sanity"); 1390 assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.base(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity"); 1391 assert(is_aligned(class_space_rs.size(), class_space_alignment), "Sanity"); 1392 1393 // NMT: fix up the space tags 1394 MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type(archive_space_rs.base(), mtClassShared); 1395 MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_type(class_space_rs.base(), mtClass); 1396 1397 return archive_space_rs.base(); 1398 1399 #else 1400 ShouldNotReachHere(); 1401 return NULL; 1402 #endif 1403 1404 } 1405 1406 void MetaspaceShared::release_reserved_spaces(ReservedSpace& total_space_rs, 1407 ReservedSpace& archive_space_rs, 1408 ReservedSpace& class_space_rs) { 1409 if (total_space_rs.is_reserved()) { 1410 log_debug(cds)("Released shared space (archive + class) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(total_space_rs.base())); 1411 total_space_rs.release(); 1412 } else { 1413 if (archive_space_rs.is_reserved()) { 1414 log_debug(cds)("Released shared space (archive) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(archive_space_rs.base())); 1415 archive_space_rs.release(); 1416 } 1417 if (class_space_rs.is_reserved()) { 1418 log_debug(cds)("Released shared space (classes) " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(class_space_rs.base())); 1419 class_space_rs.release(); 1420 } 1421 } 1422 } 1423 1424 static int archive_regions[] = { MetaspaceShared::rw, MetaspaceShared::ro }; 1425 static int archive_regions_count = 2; 1426 1427 MapArchiveResult MetaspaceShared::map_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo, char* mapped_base_address, ReservedSpace rs) { 1428 assert(UseSharedSpaces, "must be runtime"); 1429 if (mapinfo == NULL) { 1430 return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; // The dynamic archive has not been specified. No error has happened -- trivially succeeded. 1431 } 1432 1433 mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false); 1434 if (mapinfo->core_region_alignment() != (size_t)core_region_alignment()) { 1435 log_info(cds)("Unable to map CDS archive -- core_region_alignment() expected: " SIZE_FORMAT 1436 " actual: " SIZE_FORMAT, mapinfo->core_region_alignment(), core_region_alignment()); 1437 return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE; 1438 } 1439 1440 MapArchiveResult result = 1441 mapinfo->map_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count, mapped_base_address, rs); 1442 1443 if (result != MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS) { 1444 unmap_archive(mapinfo); 1445 return result; 1446 } 1447 1448 if (!mapinfo->validate_shared_path_table()) { 1449 unmap_archive(mapinfo); 1450 return MAP_ARCHIVE_OTHER_FAILURE; 1451 } 1452 1453 mapinfo->set_is_mapped(true); 1454 return MAP_ARCHIVE_SUCCESS; 1455 } 1456 1457 void MetaspaceShared::unmap_archive(FileMapInfo* mapinfo) { 1458 assert(UseSharedSpaces, "must be runtime"); 1459 if (mapinfo != NULL) { 1460 mapinfo->unmap_regions(archive_regions, archive_regions_count); 1461 mapinfo->unmap_region(MetaspaceShared::bm); 1462 mapinfo->set_is_mapped(false); 1463 } 1464 } 1465 1466 // For -XX:PrintSharedArchiveAndExit 1467 class CountSharedSymbols : public SymbolClosure { 1468 private: 1469 int _count; 1470 public: 1471 CountSharedSymbols() : _count(0) {} 1472 void do_symbol(Symbol** sym) { 1473 _count++; 1474 } 1475 int total() { return _count; } 1476 1477 }; 1478 1479 // Read the miscellaneous data from the shared file, and 1480 // serialize it out to its various destinations. 1481 1482 void MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces() { 1483 FileMapInfo *static_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info(); 1484 1485 // Verify various attributes of the archive, plus initialize the 1486 // shared string/symbol tables. 1487 char* buffer = static_mapinfo->serialized_data(); 1488 intptr_t* array = (intptr_t*)buffer; 1489 ReadClosure rc(&array); 1490 serialize(&rc); 1491 1492 // Initialize the run-time symbol table. 1493 SymbolTable::create_table(); 1494 1495 // Finish up archived heap initialization. These must be 1496 // done after ReadClosure. 1497 static_mapinfo->patch_heap_embedded_pointers(); 1498 ArchiveHeapLoader::finish_initialization(); 1499 1500 CDS_JAVA_HEAP_ONLY(Universe::update_archived_basic_type_mirrors()); 1501 1502 // Close the mapinfo file 1503 static_mapinfo->close(); 1504 1505 static_mapinfo->unmap_region(MetaspaceShared::bm); 1506 1507 FileMapInfo *dynamic_mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info(); 1508 if (dynamic_mapinfo != NULL) { 1509 intptr_t* buffer = (intptr_t*)dynamic_mapinfo->serialized_data(); 1510 ReadClosure rc(&buffer); 1511 SymbolTable::serialize_shared_table_header(&rc, false); 1512 SystemDictionaryShared::serialize_dictionary_headers(&rc, false); 1513 dynamic_mapinfo->close(); 1514 dynamic_mapinfo->unmap_region(MetaspaceShared::bm); 1515 } 1516 1517 // Set up LambdaFormInvokers::_lambdaform_lines for dynamic dump 1518 if (DynamicDumpSharedSpaces) { 1519 // Read stored LF format lines stored in static archive 1520 LambdaFormInvokers::read_static_archive_invokers(); 1521 } 1522 1523 if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) { 1524 // Print archive names 1525 if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) { 1526 tty->print_cr("\n\nBase archive name: %s", Arguments::GetSharedArchivePath()); 1527 tty->print_cr("Base archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version()); 1528 } else { 1529 tty->print_cr("Static archive name: %s", static_mapinfo->full_path()); 1530 tty->print_cr("Static archive version %d", static_mapinfo->version()); 1531 } 1532 1533 SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty); 1534 if (dynamic_mapinfo != nullptr) { 1535 tty->print_cr("\n\nDynamic archive name: %s", dynamic_mapinfo->full_path()); 1536 tty->print_cr("Dynamic archive version %d", dynamic_mapinfo->version()); 1537 SystemDictionaryShared::print_shared_archive(tty, false/*dynamic*/); 1538 } 1539 1540 // collect shared symbols and strings 1541 CountSharedSymbols cl; 1542 SymbolTable::shared_symbols_do(&cl); 1543 tty->print_cr("Number of shared symbols: %d", cl.total()); 1544 tty->print_cr("Number of shared strings: %zu", StringTable::shared_entry_count()); 1545 tty->print_cr("VM version: %s\r\n", static_mapinfo->vm_version()); 1546 if (FileMapInfo::current_info() == NULL || _archive_loading_failed) { 1547 tty->print_cr("archive is invalid"); 1548 vm_exit(1); 1549 } else { 1550 tty->print_cr("archive is valid"); 1551 vm_exit(0); 1552 } 1553 } 1554 } 1555 1556 // JVM/TI RedefineClasses() support: 1557 bool MetaspaceShared::remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite() { 1558 assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be at safepoint"); 1559 1560 if (UseSharedSpaces) { 1561 // remap the shared readonly space to shared readwrite, private 1562 FileMapInfo* mapinfo = FileMapInfo::current_info(); 1563 if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) { 1564 return false; 1565 } 1566 if (FileMapInfo::dynamic_info() != NULL) { 1567 mapinfo = FileMapInfo::dynamic_info(); 1568 if (!mapinfo->remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) { 1569 return false; 1570 } 1571 } 1572 _remapped_readwrite = true; 1573 } 1574 return true; 1575 } 1576 1577 bool MetaspaceShared::use_full_module_graph() { 1578 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP 1579 if (ClassLoaderDataShared::is_full_module_graph_loaded()) { 1580 return true; 1581 } 1582 #endif 1583 bool result = _use_optimized_module_handling && _use_full_module_graph; 1584 if (DumpSharedSpaces) { 1585 result &= HeapShared::can_write(); 1586 } else if (UseSharedSpaces) { 1587 result &= ArchiveHeapLoader::can_use(); 1588 } else { 1589 result = false; 1590 } 1591 1592 if (result && UseSharedSpaces) { 1593 // Classes used by the archived full module graph are loaded in JVMTI early phase. 1594 assert(!(JvmtiExport::should_post_class_file_load_hook() && JvmtiExport::has_early_class_hook_env()), 1595 "CDS should be disabled if early class hooks are enabled"); 1596 } 1597 return result; 1598 } 1599 1600 void MetaspaceShared::print_on(outputStream* st) { 1601 if (UseSharedSpaces) { 1602 st->print("CDS archive(s) mapped at: "); 1603 address base = (address)MetaspaceObj::shared_metaspace_base(); 1604 address static_top = (address)_shared_metaspace_static_top; 1605 address top = (address)MetaspaceObj::shared_metaspace_top(); 1606 st->print("[" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "-" PTR_FORMAT "), ", p2i(base), p2i(static_top), p2i(top)); 1607 st->print("size " SIZE_FORMAT ", ", top - base); 1608 st->print("SharedBaseAddress: " PTR_FORMAT ", ArchiveRelocationMode: %d.", SharedBaseAddress, ArchiveRelocationMode); 1609 } else { 1610 st->print("CDS archive(s) not mapped"); 1611 } 1612 st->cr(); 1613 }