1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  8  *
  9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 13  * accompanied this code).
 14  *
 15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 21  * questions.
 22  *
 23  */
 24 
 25 #include "classfile/stackMapTable.hpp"
 26 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
 27 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
 28 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
 29 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
 30 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
 31 
 32 StackMapTable::StackMapTable(StackMapReader* reader, TRAPS) {
 33   _code_length = reader->code_length();
 34   _frame_count = reader->get_frame_count();
 35   if (_frame_count > 0) {
 36     _frame_array = new GrowableArray<StackMapFrame*>(_frame_count);
 37     while (!reader->at_end()) {
 38       StackMapFrame* frame = reader->next(CHECK_VERIFY(reader->prev_frame()->verifier()));
 39       if (frame != nullptr) {
 40         _frame_array->push(frame);
 41       }
 42     }
 43     reader->check_end(CHECK);
 44     // Correct frame count based on how many actual frames are generated
 45     _frame_count = _frame_array->length();
 46   }
 47 }
 48 
 49 void StackMapReader::check_offset(StackMapFrame* frame) {
 50   int offset = frame->offset();
 51   if (offset >= _code_length || _code_data[offset] == 0) {
 52     _verifier->verify_error(ErrorContext::bad_stackmap(0, frame),
 53                             "StackMapTable error: bad offset");
 54   }
 55 }
 56 
 57 void StackMapReader::check_size(TRAPS) {
 58   if (_frame_count < _parsed_frame_count) {
 59     StackMapStream::stackmap_format_error("wrong attribute size", THREAD);
 60   }
 61 }
 62 
 63 void StackMapReader::check_end(TRAPS) {
 64   assert(_stream->at_end(), "must be");
 65   if (_frame_count != _parsed_frame_count) {
 66     StackMapStream::stackmap_format_error("wrong attribute size", THREAD);
 67   }
 68 }
 69 
 70 // This method is only called by method in StackMapTable.
 71 int StackMapTable::get_index_from_offset(int32_t offset) const {
 72   int i = 0;
 73   for (; i < _frame_count; i++) {
 74     if (_frame_array->at(i)->offset() == offset) {
 75       return i;
 76     }
 77   }
 78   return i;  // frame with offset doesn't exist in the array
 79 }
 80 
 81 bool StackMapTable::match_stackmap(
 82     StackMapFrame* frame, int32_t target,
 83     bool match, bool update, ErrorContext* ctx, TRAPS) const {
 84   int index = get_index_from_offset(target);
 85   return match_stackmap(frame, target, index, match, update, ctx, THREAD);
 86 }
 87 
 88 // Match and/or update current_frame to the frame in stackmap table with
 89 // specified offset and frame index. Return true if the two frames match.
 90 //
 91 // The values of match and update are:                  _match__update
 92 //
 93 // checking a branch target:                             true   false
 94 // checking an exception handler:                        true   false
 95 // linear bytecode verification following an
 96 // unconditional branch:                                 false  true
 97 // linear bytecode verification not following an
 98 // unconditional branch:                                 true   true
 99 bool StackMapTable::match_stackmap(
100     StackMapFrame* frame, int32_t target, int32_t frame_index,
101     bool match, bool update, ErrorContext* ctx, TRAPS) const {
102   if (frame_index < 0 || frame_index >= _frame_count) {
103     *ctx = ErrorContext::missing_stackmap(frame->offset());
104     frame->verifier()->verify_error(
105         *ctx, "Expecting a stackmap frame at branch target %d", target);
106     return false;
107   }
108 
109   StackMapFrame* stackmap_frame = _frame_array->at(frame_index);
110   bool result = true;
111   if (match) {
112     // Has direct control flow from last instruction, need to match the two
113     // frames.
114     result = frame->is_assignable_to(stackmap_frame,
115         ctx, CHECK_VERIFY_(frame->verifier(), result));
116   }
117   if (update) {
118     // Use the frame in stackmap table as current frame
119     int lsize = stackmap_frame->locals_size();
120     int ssize = stackmap_frame->stack_size();
121     if (frame->locals_size() > lsize || frame->stack_size() > ssize) {
122       // Make sure unused type array items are all _bogus_type.
123       frame->reset();
124     }
125     frame->set_locals_size(lsize);
126     frame->copy_locals(stackmap_frame);
127     frame->set_stack_size(ssize);
128     frame->copy_stack(stackmap_frame);
129     frame->set_flags(stackmap_frame->flags());
130   }
131   return result;
132 }
133 
134 void StackMapTable::check_jump_target(
135     StackMapFrame* frame, int32_t target, TRAPS) const {
136   ErrorContext ctx;
137   bool match = match_stackmap(
138     frame, target, true, false, &ctx, CHECK_VERIFY(frame->verifier()));
139   if (!match || (target < 0 || target >= _code_length)) {
140     frame->verifier()->verify_error(ctx,
141         "Inconsistent stackmap frames at branch target %d", target);
142   }
143 }
144 
145 void StackMapTable::print_on(outputStream* str) const {
146   str->print_cr("StackMapTable: frame_count = %d", _frame_count);
147   str->print_cr("table = {");
148   {
149     StreamIndentor si(str, 2);
150     for (int32_t i = 0; i < _frame_count; ++i) {
151       _frame_array->at(i)->print_on(str);
152     }
153   }
154   str->print_cr(" }");
155 }
156 
157 StackMapReader::StackMapReader(ClassVerifier* v, StackMapStream* stream,
158                                char* code_data, int32_t code_len,
159                                StackMapFrame* init_frame,
160                                u2 max_locals, u2 max_stack, TRAPS) :
161                                   _verifier(v), _stream(stream), _code_data(code_data),
162                                   _code_length(code_len), _parsed_frame_count(0),
163                                   _prev_frame(init_frame), _max_locals(max_locals),
164                                   _max_stack(max_stack), _first(true) {
165   methodHandle m = v->method();
166   if (m->has_stackmap_table()) {
167     _cp = constantPoolHandle(THREAD, m->constants());
168     _frame_count = _stream->get_u2(CHECK);
169   } else {
170     // There's no stackmap table present. Frame count and size are 0.
171     _frame_count = 0;
172   }
173 }
174 
175 int32_t StackMapReader::chop(
176     VerificationType* locals, int32_t length, int32_t chops) {
177   if (locals == nullptr) return -1;
178   int32_t pos = length - 1;
179   for (int32_t i=0; i<chops; i++) {
180     if (locals[pos].is_category2_2nd()) {
181       pos -= 2;
182     } else {
183       pos --;
184     }
185     if (pos<0 && i<(chops-1)) return -1;
186   }
187   return pos+1;
188 }
189 
190 #define CHECK_NT CHECK_(VerificationType::bogus_type())
191 
192 VerificationType StackMapReader::parse_verification_type(u1* flags, TRAPS) {
193   u1 tag = _stream->get_u1(CHECK_NT);
194   if (tag < (u1)ITEM_UninitializedThis) {
195     return VerificationType::from_tag(tag);
196   }
197   if (tag == ITEM_Object) {
198     u2 class_index = _stream->get_u2(CHECK_NT);
199     int nconstants = _cp->length();
200     if ((class_index <= 0 || class_index >= nconstants) ||
201         (!_cp->tag_at(class_index).is_klass() &&
202          !_cp->tag_at(class_index).is_unresolved_klass())) {
203       _stream->stackmap_format_error("bad class index", THREAD);
204       return VerificationType::bogus_type();
205     }
206     return VerificationType::reference_type(_cp->klass_name_at(class_index));
207   }
208   if (tag == ITEM_UninitializedThis) {
209     if (flags != nullptr) {
210       *flags |= FLAG_THIS_UNINIT;
211     }
212     return VerificationType::uninitialized_this_type();
213   }
214   if (tag == ITEM_Uninitialized) {
215     u2 offset = _stream->get_u2(CHECK_NT);
216     if (offset >= _code_length ||
217         _code_data[offset] != ClassVerifier::NEW_OFFSET) {
218       _verifier->class_format_error(
219         "StackMapTable format error: bad offset for Uninitialized");
220       return VerificationType::bogus_type();
221     }
222     return VerificationType::uninitialized_type(offset);
223   }
224   _stream->stackmap_format_error("bad verification type", THREAD);
225   return VerificationType::bogus_type();
226 }
227 
228 StackMapFrame* StackMapReader::next(TRAPS) {
229   _parsed_frame_count++;
230   check_size(CHECK_NULL);
231   StackMapFrame* frame = next_helper(CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
232   if (frame != nullptr) {
233     check_offset(frame);
234     if (frame->verifier()->has_error()) {
235       return nullptr;
236     }
237     _prev_frame = frame;
238   }
239   return frame;
240 }
241 
242 StackMapFrame* StackMapReader::next_helper(TRAPS) {
243   StackMapFrame* frame;
244   int offset;
245   VerificationType* locals = nullptr;
246   u1 frame_type = _stream->get_u1(CHECK_NULL);
247   if (frame_type <= SAME_FRAME_END) {
248     // same_frame
249     if (_first) {
250       offset = frame_type;
251       // Can't share the locals array since that is updated by the verifier.
252       if (_prev_frame->locals_size() > 0) {
253         locals = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
254           THREAD, VerificationType, _prev_frame->locals_size());
255       }
256     } else {
257       offset = _prev_frame->offset() + frame_type + 1;
258       locals = _prev_frame->locals();
259     }
260     frame = new StackMapFrame(
261       offset, _prev_frame->flags(), _prev_frame->locals_size(), 0,
262       _max_locals, _max_stack, locals, nullptr, _verifier);
263     if (_first && locals != nullptr) {
264       frame->copy_locals(_prev_frame);
265     }
266     _first = false;
267     return frame;
268   }
269   if (frame_type <= SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_END) {
270     // same_locals_1_stack_item_frame
271     if (_first) {
272       offset = frame_type - SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_START;
273       // Can't share the locals array since that is updated by the verifier.
274       if (_prev_frame->locals_size() > 0) {
275         locals = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
276           THREAD, VerificationType, _prev_frame->locals_size());
277       }
278     } else {
279       offset = _prev_frame->offset() + frame_type - (SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_START - 1);
280       locals = _prev_frame->locals();
281     }
282     VerificationType* stack = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
283       THREAD, VerificationType, 2);
284     u2 stack_size = 1;
285     stack[0] = parse_verification_type(nullptr, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
286     if (stack[0].is_category2()) {
287       stack[1] = stack[0].to_category2_2nd();
288       stack_size = 2;
289     }
290     check_verification_type_array_size(
291       stack_size, _max_stack, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
292     frame = new StackMapFrame(
293       offset, _prev_frame->flags(), _prev_frame->locals_size(), stack_size,
294       _max_locals, _max_stack, locals, stack, _verifier);
295     if (_first && locals != nullptr) {
296       frame->copy_locals(_prev_frame);
297     }
298     _first = false;
299     return frame;
300   }
301 
302   u2 offset_delta = _stream->get_u2(CHECK_NULL);
303 
304   if (frame_type < SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_EXTENDED) {
305     // reserved frame types
306     _stream->stackmap_format_error(
307       "reserved frame type", CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
308   }
309 
310   if (frame_type == SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_EXTENDED) {
311     // same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended
312     if (_first) {
313       offset = offset_delta;
314       // Can't share the locals array since that is updated by the verifier.
315       if (_prev_frame->locals_size() > 0) {
316         locals = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
317           THREAD, VerificationType, _prev_frame->locals_size());
318       }
319     } else {
320       offset = _prev_frame->offset() + offset_delta + 1;
321       locals = _prev_frame->locals();
322     }
323     VerificationType* stack = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
324       THREAD, VerificationType, 2);
325     u2 stack_size = 1;
326     stack[0] = parse_verification_type(nullptr, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
327     if (stack[0].is_category2()) {
328       stack[1] = stack[0].to_category2_2nd();
329       stack_size = 2;
330     }
331     check_verification_type_array_size(
332       stack_size, _max_stack, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
333     frame = new StackMapFrame(
334       offset, _prev_frame->flags(), _prev_frame->locals_size(), stack_size,
335       _max_locals, _max_stack, locals, stack, _verifier);
336     if (_first && locals != nullptr) {
337       frame->copy_locals(_prev_frame);
338     }
339     _first = false;
340     return frame;
341   }
342 
343   if (frame_type <= SAME_FRAME_EXTENDED) {
344     // chop_frame or same_frame_extended
345     locals = _prev_frame->locals();
346     int length = _prev_frame->locals_size();
347     int chops = SAME_FRAME_EXTENDED - frame_type;
348     int new_length = length;
349     u1 flags = _prev_frame->flags();
350     assert(chops == 0 || (frame_type >= CHOP_FRAME_START && frame_type <= CHOP_FRAME_END), "should be");
351     if (chops != 0) {
352       new_length = chop(locals, length, chops);
353       check_verification_type_array_size(
354         new_length, _max_locals, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
355       // Recompute flags since uninitializedThis could have been chopped.
356       flags = 0;
357       for (int i=0; i<new_length; i++) {
358         if (locals[i].is_uninitialized_this()) {
359           flags |= FLAG_THIS_UNINIT;
360           break;
361         }
362       }
363     }
364     if (_first) {
365       offset = offset_delta;
366       // Can't share the locals array since that is updated by the verifier.
367       if (new_length > 0) {
368         locals = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
369           THREAD, VerificationType, new_length);
370       } else {
371         locals = nullptr;
372       }
373     } else {
374       offset = _prev_frame->offset() + offset_delta + 1;
375     }
376     frame = new StackMapFrame(
377       offset, flags, new_length, 0, _max_locals, _max_stack,
378       locals, nullptr, _verifier);
379     if (_first && locals != nullptr) {
380       frame->copy_locals(_prev_frame);
381     }
382     _first = false;
383     return frame;
384   } else if (frame_type <= APPEND_FRAME_END) {
385     // append_frame
386     assert(frame_type >= APPEND_FRAME_START && frame_type <= APPEND_FRAME_END, "should be");
387     int appends = frame_type - APPEND_FRAME_START + 1;
388     int real_length = _prev_frame->locals_size();
389     int new_length = real_length + appends*2;
390     locals = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(THREAD, VerificationType, new_length);
391     VerificationType* pre_locals = _prev_frame->locals();
392     for (int i = 0; i < _prev_frame->locals_size(); i++) {
393       locals[i] = pre_locals[i];
394     }
395     u1 flags = _prev_frame->flags();
396     for (int i = 0; i < appends; i++) {
397       locals[real_length] = parse_verification_type(&flags, CHECK_NULL);
398       if (locals[real_length].is_category2()) {
399         locals[real_length + 1] = locals[real_length].to_category2_2nd();
400         ++real_length;
401       }
402       ++real_length;
403     }
404     check_verification_type_array_size(
405       real_length, _max_locals, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
406     if (_first) {
407       offset = offset_delta;
408     } else {
409       offset = _prev_frame->offset() + offset_delta + 1;
410     }
411     frame = new StackMapFrame(
412       offset, flags, real_length, 0, _max_locals,
413       _max_stack, locals, nullptr, _verifier);
414     _first = false;
415     return frame;
416   }
417   if (frame_type == FULL_FRAME) {
418     // full_frame
419     u1 flags = 0;
420     u2 locals_size = _stream->get_u2(CHECK_NULL);
421     int real_locals_size = 0;
422     if (locals_size > 0) {
423       locals = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
424         THREAD, VerificationType, locals_size*2);
425     }
426     for (int i = 0; i < locals_size; i++) {
427       locals[real_locals_size] = parse_verification_type(&flags, CHECK_NULL);
428       if (locals[real_locals_size].is_category2()) {
429         locals[real_locals_size + 1] =
430           locals[real_locals_size].to_category2_2nd();
431         ++real_locals_size;
432       }
433       ++real_locals_size;
434     }
435     check_verification_type_array_size(
436       real_locals_size, _max_locals, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
437     u2 stack_size = _stream->get_u2(CHECK_NULL);
438     int real_stack_size = 0;
439     VerificationType* stack = nullptr;
440     if (stack_size > 0) {
441       stack = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_IN_THREAD(
442         THREAD, VerificationType, stack_size*2);
443     }
444     for (int i = 0; i < stack_size; i++) {
445       stack[real_stack_size] = parse_verification_type(nullptr, CHECK_NULL);
446       if (stack[real_stack_size].is_category2()) {
447         stack[real_stack_size + 1] = stack[real_stack_size].to_category2_2nd();
448         ++real_stack_size;
449       }
450       ++real_stack_size;
451     }
452     check_verification_type_array_size(
453       real_stack_size, _max_stack, CHECK_VERIFY_(_verifier, nullptr));
454     if (_first) {
455       offset = offset_delta;
456     } else {
457       offset = _prev_frame->offset() + offset_delta + 1;
458     }
459     frame = new StackMapFrame(
460       offset, flags, real_locals_size, real_stack_size,
461       _max_locals, _max_stack, locals, stack, _verifier);
462     _first = false;
463     return frame;
464   }
465 
466   _stream->stackmap_format_error(
467     "reserved frame type", CHECK_VERIFY_(_prev_frame->verifier(), nullptr));
468   return nullptr;
469 }