1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2005, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  31 #include "code/nmethod.hpp"
  32 #include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
  33 #include "cppstdlib/new.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/parallel/objectStartArray.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/parallel/parallelArguments.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/parallel/parMarkBitMap.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/parallel/psAdaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/parallel/psCompactionManager.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/parallel/psOldGen.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/parallel/psParallelCompact.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/parallel/psPromotionManager.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/parallel/psRootType.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/parallel/psScavenge.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/parallel/psStringDedup.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/parallel/psYoungGen.hpp"
  47 #include "gc/shared/classUnloadingContext.hpp"
  48 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "gc/shared/fullGCForwarding.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "gc/shared/gcCause.hpp"
  51 #include "gc/shared/gcHeapSummary.hpp"
  52 #include "gc/shared/gcId.hpp"
  53 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  54 #include "gc/shared/gcTimer.hpp"
  55 #include "gc/shared/gcTrace.hpp"
  56 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  58 #include "gc/shared/isGCActiveMark.hpp"
  59 #include "gc/shared/oopStorage.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSetParState.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "gc/shared/parallelCleaning.hpp"
  63 #include "gc/shared/preservedMarks.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "gc/shared/referencePolicy.hpp"
  65 #include "gc/shared/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  66 #include "gc/shared/referenceProcessorPhaseTimes.hpp"
  67 #include "gc/shared/spaceDecorator.hpp"
  68 #include "gc/shared/taskTerminator.hpp"
  69 #include "gc/shared/weakProcessor.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "gc/shared/workerPolicy.hpp"
  71 #include "gc/shared/workerThread.hpp"
  72 #include "gc/shared/workerUtils.hpp"
  73 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  74 #include "memory/iterator.inline.hpp"
  75 #include "memory/memoryReserver.hpp"
  76 #include "memory/metaspaceUtils.hpp"
  77 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  78 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  79 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  80 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
  81 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.inline.hpp"
  82 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
  84 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.inline.hpp"
  85 #include "oops/methodData.hpp"
  86 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.inline.hpp"
  87 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  88 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  89 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
  94 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  95 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  96 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  97 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  98 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  99 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 100 #include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp"
 101 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 102 #include "jvmci/jvmci.hpp"
 103 #endif
 104 
 105 #include <math.h>
 106 
 107 // All sizes are in HeapWords.
 108 const size_t ParallelCompactData::Log2RegionSize  = 16; // 64K words
 109 const size_t ParallelCompactData::RegionSize      = (size_t)1 << Log2RegionSize;
 110 static_assert(ParallelCompactData::RegionSize >= BitsPerWord, "region-start bit word-aligned");
 111 const size_t ParallelCompactData::RegionSizeBytes =
 112   RegionSize << LogHeapWordSize;
 113 const size_t ParallelCompactData::RegionSizeOffsetMask = RegionSize - 1;
 114 const size_t ParallelCompactData::RegionAddrOffsetMask = RegionSizeBytes - 1;
 115 const size_t ParallelCompactData::RegionAddrMask       = ~RegionAddrOffsetMask;
 116 
 117 const ParallelCompactData::RegionData::region_sz_t
 118 ParallelCompactData::RegionData::dc_shift = 27;
 119 
 120 const ParallelCompactData::RegionData::region_sz_t
 121 ParallelCompactData::RegionData::dc_mask = ~0U << dc_shift;
 122 
 123 const ParallelCompactData::RegionData::region_sz_t
 124 ParallelCompactData::RegionData::dc_one = 0x1U << dc_shift;
 125 
 126 const ParallelCompactData::RegionData::region_sz_t
 127 ParallelCompactData::RegionData::los_mask = ~dc_mask;
 128 
 129 const ParallelCompactData::RegionData::region_sz_t
 130 ParallelCompactData::RegionData::dc_claimed = 0x8U << dc_shift;
 131 
 132 const ParallelCompactData::RegionData::region_sz_t
 133 ParallelCompactData::RegionData::dc_completed = 0xcU << dc_shift;
 134 
 135 bool ParallelCompactData::RegionData::is_clear() {
 136   return (_destination == nullptr) &&
 137          (_source_region == 0) &&
 138          (_partial_obj_addr == nullptr) &&
 139          (_partial_obj_size == 0) &&
 140          (dc_and_los() == 0) &&
 141          (shadow_state() == 0);
 142 }
 143 
 144 #ifdef ASSERT
 145 void ParallelCompactData::RegionData::verify_clear() {
 146   assert(_destination == nullptr, "inv");
 147   assert(_source_region == 0, "inv");
 148   assert(_partial_obj_addr == nullptr, "inv");
 149   assert(_partial_obj_size == 0, "inv");
 150   assert(dc_and_los() == 0, "inv");
 151   assert(shadow_state() == 0, "inv");
 152 }
 153 #endif
 154 
 155 SpaceInfo PSParallelCompact::_space_info[PSParallelCompact::last_space_id];
 156 
 157 SpanSubjectToDiscoveryClosure PSParallelCompact::_span_based_discoverer;
 158 ReferenceProcessor* PSParallelCompact::_ref_processor = nullptr;
 159 
 160 void SplitInfo::record(size_t split_region_idx, HeapWord* split_point, size_t preceding_live_words) {
 161   assert(split_region_idx != 0, "precondition");
 162 
 163   // Obj denoted by split_point will be deferred to the next space.
 164   assert(split_point != nullptr, "precondition");
 165 
 166   const ParallelCompactData& sd = PSParallelCompact::summary_data();
 167 
 168   PSParallelCompact::RegionData* split_region_ptr = sd.region(split_region_idx);
 169   assert(preceding_live_words < split_region_ptr->data_size(), "inv");
 170 
 171   HeapWord* preceding_destination = split_region_ptr->destination();
 172   assert(preceding_destination != nullptr, "inv");
 173 
 174   // How many regions does the preceding part occupy
 175   uint preceding_destination_count;
 176   if (preceding_live_words == 0) {
 177     preceding_destination_count = 0;
 178   } else {
 179     // -1 so that the ending address doesn't fall on the region-boundary
 180     if (sd.region_align_down(preceding_destination) ==
 181         sd.region_align_down(preceding_destination + preceding_live_words - 1)) {
 182       preceding_destination_count = 1;
 183     } else {
 184       preceding_destination_count = 2;
 185     }
 186   }
 187 
 188   _split_region_idx = split_region_idx;
 189   _split_point = split_point;
 190   _preceding_live_words = preceding_live_words;
 191   _preceding_destination = preceding_destination;
 192   _preceding_destination_count = preceding_destination_count;
 193 }
 194 
 195 void SplitInfo::clear()
 196 {
 197   _split_region_idx = 0;
 198   _split_point = nullptr;
 199   _preceding_live_words = 0;
 200   _preceding_destination = nullptr;
 201   _preceding_destination_count = 0;
 202   assert(!is_valid(), "sanity");
 203 }
 204 
 205 #ifdef  ASSERT
 206 void SplitInfo::verify_clear()
 207 {
 208   assert(_split_region_idx == 0, "not clear");
 209   assert(_split_point == nullptr, "not clear");
 210   assert(_preceding_live_words == 0, "not clear");
 211   assert(_preceding_destination == nullptr, "not clear");
 212   assert(_preceding_destination_count == 0, "not clear");
 213 }
 214 #endif  // #ifdef ASSERT
 215 
 216 
 217 void PSParallelCompact::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 218   _mark_bitmap.print_on(st);
 219 }
 220 
 221 ParallelCompactData::ParallelCompactData() :
 222   _heap_start(nullptr),
 223   DEBUG_ONLY(_heap_end(nullptr) COMMA)
 224   _region_vspace(nullptr),
 225   _reserved_byte_size(0),
 226   _region_data(nullptr),
 227   _region_count(0) {}
 228 
 229 bool ParallelCompactData::initialize(MemRegion reserved_heap)
 230 {
 231   _heap_start = reserved_heap.start();
 232   const size_t heap_size = reserved_heap.word_size();
 233   DEBUG_ONLY(_heap_end = _heap_start + heap_size;)
 234 
 235   assert(region_align_down(_heap_start) == _heap_start,
 236          "region start not aligned");
 237 
 238   return initialize_region_data(heap_size);
 239 }
 240 
 241 PSVirtualSpace*
 242 ParallelCompactData::create_vspace(size_t count, size_t element_size)
 243 {
 244   const size_t raw_bytes = count * element_size;
 245   const size_t page_sz = os::page_size_for_region_aligned(raw_bytes, 10);
 246   const size_t granularity = os::vm_allocation_granularity();
 247   const size_t rs_align = MAX2(page_sz, granularity);
 248 
 249   _reserved_byte_size = align_up(raw_bytes, rs_align);
 250 
 251   ReservedSpace rs = MemoryReserver::reserve(_reserved_byte_size,
 252                                              rs_align,
 253                                              page_sz,
 254                                              mtGC);
 255 
 256   if (!rs.is_reserved()) {
 257     // Failed to reserve memory.
 258     return nullptr;
 259   }
 260 
 261   os::trace_page_sizes("Parallel Compact Data", raw_bytes, raw_bytes, rs.base(),
 262                        rs.size(), page_sz);
 263 
 264   MemTracker::record_virtual_memory_tag(rs, mtGC);
 265 
 266   PSVirtualSpace* vspace = new PSVirtualSpace(rs, page_sz);
 267 
 268   if (!vspace->expand_by(_reserved_byte_size)) {
 269     // Failed to commit memory.
 270 
 271     delete vspace;
 272 
 273     // Release memory reserved in the space.
 274     MemoryReserver::release(rs);
 275 
 276     return nullptr;
 277   }
 278 
 279   return vspace;
 280 }
 281 
 282 bool ParallelCompactData::initialize_region_data(size_t heap_size)
 283 {
 284   assert(is_aligned(heap_size, RegionSize), "precondition");
 285 
 286   const size_t count = heap_size >> Log2RegionSize;
 287   _region_vspace = create_vspace(count, sizeof(RegionData));
 288   if (_region_vspace != nullptr) {
 289     _region_data = (RegionData*)_region_vspace->reserved_low_addr();
 290     _region_count = count;
 291     return true;
 292   }
 293   return false;
 294 }
 295 
 296 void ParallelCompactData::clear_range(size_t beg_region, size_t end_region) {
 297   assert(beg_region <= _region_count, "beg_region out of range");
 298   assert(end_region <= _region_count, "end_region out of range");
 299 
 300   const size_t region_cnt = end_region - beg_region;
 301   for (size_t i = beg_region; i < end_region; i++) {
 302     ::new (&_region_data[i]) RegionData{};
 303   }
 304 }
 305 
 306 // The total live words on src_region would overflow the target space, so find
 307 // the overflowing object and record the split point. The invariant is that an
 308 // obj should not cross space boundary.
 309 HeapWord* ParallelCompactData::summarize_split_space(size_t src_region,
 310                                                      SplitInfo& split_info,
 311                                                      HeapWord* const destination,
 312                                                      HeapWord* const target_end,
 313                                                      HeapWord** target_next) {
 314   assert(destination <= target_end, "sanity");
 315   assert(destination + _region_data[src_region].data_size() > target_end,
 316     "region should not fit into target space");
 317   assert(is_region_aligned(target_end), "sanity");
 318 
 319   size_t partial_obj_size = _region_data[src_region].partial_obj_size();
 320 
 321   if (destination + partial_obj_size > target_end) {
 322     assert(partial_obj_size > 0, "inv");
 323     // The overflowing obj is from a previous region.
 324     //
 325     // source-regions:
 326     //
 327     // ***************
 328     // |     A|AA    |
 329     // ***************
 330     //       ^
 331     //       | split-point
 332     //
 333     // dest-region:
 334     //
 335     // ********
 336     // |~~~~A |
 337     // ********
 338     //       ^^
 339     //       || target-space-end
 340     //       |
 341     //       | destination
 342     //
 343     // AAA would overflow target-space.
 344     //
 345     HeapWord* overflowing_obj = _region_data[src_region].partial_obj_addr();
 346     size_t split_region = addr_to_region_idx(overflowing_obj);
 347 
 348     // The number of live words before the overflowing object on this split region
 349     size_t preceding_live_words;
 350     if (is_region_aligned(overflowing_obj)) {
 351       preceding_live_words = 0;
 352     } else {
 353       // Words accounted by the overflowing object on the split region
 354       size_t overflowing_size = pointer_delta(region_align_up(overflowing_obj), overflowing_obj);
 355       preceding_live_words = region(split_region)->data_size() - overflowing_size;
 356     }
 357 
 358     split_info.record(split_region, overflowing_obj, preceding_live_words);
 359 
 360     // The [overflowing_obj, src_region_start) part has been accounted for, so
 361     // must move back the new_top, now that this overflowing obj is deferred.
 362     HeapWord* new_top = destination - pointer_delta(region_to_addr(src_region), overflowing_obj);
 363 
 364     // If the overflowing obj was relocated to its original destination,
 365     // those destination regions would have their source_region set. Now that
 366     // this overflowing obj is relocated somewhere else, reset the
 367     // source_region.
 368     {
 369       size_t range_start = addr_to_region_idx(region_align_up(new_top));
 370       size_t range_end = addr_to_region_idx(region_align_up(destination));
 371       for (size_t i = range_start; i < range_end; ++i) {
 372         region(i)->set_source_region(0);
 373       }
 374     }
 375 
 376     // Update new top of target space
 377     *target_next = new_top;
 378 
 379     return overflowing_obj;
 380   }
 381 
 382   // Obj-iteration to locate the overflowing obj
 383   HeapWord* region_start = region_to_addr(src_region);
 384   HeapWord* region_end = region_start + RegionSize;
 385   HeapWord* cur_addr = region_start + partial_obj_size;
 386   size_t live_words = partial_obj_size;
 387 
 388   while (true) {
 389     assert(cur_addr < region_end, "inv");
 390     cur_addr = PSParallelCompact::mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg(cur_addr, region_end);
 391     // There must be an overflowing obj in this region
 392     assert(cur_addr < region_end, "inv");
 393 
 394     oop obj = cast_to_oop(cur_addr);
 395     size_t obj_size = obj->size();
 396     if (destination + live_words + obj_size > target_end) {
 397       // Found the overflowing obj
 398       split_info.record(src_region, cur_addr, live_words);
 399       *target_next = destination + live_words;
 400       return cur_addr;
 401     }
 402 
 403     live_words += obj_size;
 404     cur_addr += obj_size;
 405   }
 406 }
 407 
 408 size_t ParallelCompactData::live_words_in_space(const MutableSpace* space,
 409                                                 HeapWord** full_region_prefix_end) {
 410   size_t cur_region = addr_to_region_idx(space->bottom());
 411   const size_t end_region = addr_to_region_idx(region_align_up(space->top()));
 412   size_t live_words = 0;
 413   if (full_region_prefix_end == nullptr) {
 414     for (/* empty */; cur_region < end_region; ++cur_region) {
 415       live_words += _region_data[cur_region].data_size();
 416     }
 417   } else {
 418     bool first_set = false;
 419     for (/* empty */; cur_region < end_region; ++cur_region) {
 420       size_t live_words_in_region = _region_data[cur_region].data_size();
 421       if (!first_set && live_words_in_region < RegionSize) {
 422         *full_region_prefix_end = region_to_addr(cur_region);
 423         first_set = true;
 424       }
 425       live_words += live_words_in_region;
 426     }
 427     if (!first_set) {
 428       // All regions are full of live objs.
 429       assert(is_region_aligned(space->top()), "inv");
 430       *full_region_prefix_end = space->top();
 431     }
 432     assert(*full_region_prefix_end != nullptr, "postcondition");
 433     assert(is_region_aligned(*full_region_prefix_end), "inv");
 434     assert(*full_region_prefix_end >= space->bottom(), "in-range");
 435     assert(*full_region_prefix_end <= space->top(), "in-range");
 436   }
 437   return live_words;
 438 }
 439 
 440 bool ParallelCompactData::summarize(SplitInfo& split_info,
 441                                     HeapWord* source_beg, HeapWord* source_end,
 442                                     HeapWord** source_next,
 443                                     HeapWord* target_beg, HeapWord* target_end,
 444                                     HeapWord** target_next)
 445 {
 446   HeapWord* const source_next_val = source_next == nullptr ? nullptr : *source_next;
 447   log_develop_trace(gc, compaction)(
 448       "sb=" PTR_FORMAT " se=" PTR_FORMAT " sn=" PTR_FORMAT
 449       "tb=" PTR_FORMAT " te=" PTR_FORMAT " tn=" PTR_FORMAT,
 450       p2i(source_beg), p2i(source_end), p2i(source_next_val),
 451       p2i(target_beg), p2i(target_end), p2i(*target_next));
 452 
 453   size_t cur_region = addr_to_region_idx(source_beg);
 454   const size_t end_region = addr_to_region_idx(region_align_up(source_end));
 455 
 456   HeapWord *dest_addr = target_beg;
 457   for (/* empty */; cur_region < end_region; cur_region++) {
 458     size_t words = _region_data[cur_region].data_size();
 459 
 460     // Skip empty ones
 461     if (words == 0) {
 462       continue;
 463     }
 464 
 465     if (split_info.is_split(cur_region)) {
 466       assert(words > split_info.preceding_live_words(), "inv");
 467       words -= split_info.preceding_live_words();
 468     }
 469 
 470     _region_data[cur_region].set_destination(dest_addr);
 471 
 472     // If cur_region does not fit entirely into the target space, find a point
 473     // at which the source space can be 'split' so that part is copied to the
 474     // target space and the rest is copied elsewhere.
 475     if (dest_addr + words > target_end) {
 476       assert(source_next != nullptr, "source_next is null when splitting");
 477       *source_next = summarize_split_space(cur_region, split_info, dest_addr,
 478                                            target_end, target_next);
 479       return false;
 480     }
 481 
 482     uint destination_count = split_info.is_split(cur_region)
 483                              ? split_info.preceding_destination_count()
 484                              : 0;
 485 
 486     HeapWord* const last_addr = dest_addr + words - 1;
 487     const size_t dest_region_1 = addr_to_region_idx(dest_addr);
 488     const size_t dest_region_2 = addr_to_region_idx(last_addr);
 489 
 490     // Initially assume that the destination regions will be the same and
 491     // adjust the value below if necessary.  Under this assumption, if
 492     // cur_region == dest_region_2, then cur_region will be compacted
 493     // completely into itself.
 494     destination_count += cur_region == dest_region_2 ? 0 : 1;
 495     if (dest_region_1 != dest_region_2) {
 496       // Destination regions differ; adjust destination_count.
 497       destination_count += 1;
 498       // Data from cur_region will be copied to the start of dest_region_2.
 499       _region_data[dest_region_2].set_source_region(cur_region);
 500     } else if (is_region_aligned(dest_addr)) {
 501       // Data from cur_region will be copied to the start of the destination
 502       // region.
 503       _region_data[dest_region_1].set_source_region(cur_region);
 504     }
 505 
 506     _region_data[cur_region].set_destination_count(destination_count);
 507     dest_addr += words;
 508   }
 509 
 510   *target_next = dest_addr;
 511   return true;
 512 }
 513 
 514 #ifdef ASSERT
 515 void ParallelCompactData::verify_clear() {
 516   for (uint cur_idx = 0; cur_idx < region_count(); ++cur_idx) {
 517     if (!region(cur_idx)->is_clear()) {
 518       log_warning(gc)("Uncleared Region: %u", cur_idx);
 519       region(cur_idx)->verify_clear();
 520     }
 521   }
 522 }
 523 #endif  // #ifdef ASSERT
 524 
 525 STWGCTimer          PSParallelCompact::_gc_timer;
 526 ParallelOldTracer   PSParallelCompact::_gc_tracer;
 527 elapsedTimer        PSParallelCompact::_accumulated_time;
 528 unsigned int        PSParallelCompact::_maximum_compaction_gc_num = 0;
 529 CollectorCounters*  PSParallelCompact::_counters = nullptr;
 530 ParMarkBitMap       PSParallelCompact::_mark_bitmap;
 531 ParallelCompactData PSParallelCompact::_summary_data;
 532 
 533 PSParallelCompact::IsAliveClosure PSParallelCompact::_is_alive_closure;
 534 
 535 class PCAdjustPointerClosure: public BasicOopIterateClosure {
 536   template <typename T>
 537   void do_oop_work(T* p) { PSParallelCompact::adjust_pointer(p); }
 538 
 539 public:
 540   virtual void do_oop(oop* p)                { do_oop_work(p); }
 541   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p)          { do_oop_work(p); }
 542 
 543   virtual ReferenceIterationMode reference_iteration_mode() { return DO_FIELDS; }
 544 };
 545 
 546 static PCAdjustPointerClosure pc_adjust_pointer_closure;
 547 
 548 bool PSParallelCompact::IsAliveClosure::do_object_b(oop p) { return mark_bitmap()->is_marked(p); }
 549 
 550 void PSParallelCompact::post_initialize() {
 551   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 552   _span_based_discoverer.set_span(heap->reserved_region());
 553   _ref_processor =
 554     new ReferenceProcessor(&_span_based_discoverer,
 555                            ParallelGCThreads,   // mt processing degree
 556                            ParallelGCThreads,   // mt discovery degree
 557                            false,               // concurrent_discovery
 558                            &_is_alive_closure); // non-header is alive closure
 559 
 560   _counters = new CollectorCounters("Parallel full collection pauses", 1);
 561 
 562   // Initialize static fields in ParCompactionManager.
 563   ParCompactionManager::initialize(mark_bitmap());
 564 }
 565 
 566 bool PSParallelCompact::initialize_aux_data() {
 567   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 568   MemRegion mr = heap->reserved_region();
 569   assert(mr.byte_size() != 0, "heap should be reserved");
 570 
 571   initialize_space_info();
 572 
 573   if (!_mark_bitmap.initialize(mr)) {
 574     vm_shutdown_during_initialization(
 575       err_msg("Unable to allocate %zuKB bitmaps for parallel "
 576       "garbage collection for the requested %zuKB heap.",
 577       _mark_bitmap.reserved_byte_size()/K, mr.byte_size()/K));
 578     return false;
 579   }
 580 
 581   if (!_summary_data.initialize(mr)) {
 582     vm_shutdown_during_initialization(
 583       err_msg("Unable to allocate %zuKB card tables for parallel "
 584       "garbage collection for the requested %zuKB heap.",
 585       _summary_data.reserved_byte_size()/K, mr.byte_size()/K));
 586     return false;
 587   }
 588 
 589   return true;
 590 }
 591 
 592 void PSParallelCompact::initialize_space_info()
 593 {
 594   memset(&_space_info, 0, sizeof(_space_info));
 595 
 596   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 597   PSYoungGen* young_gen = heap->young_gen();
 598 
 599   _space_info[old_space_id].set_space(heap->old_gen()->object_space());
 600   _space_info[eden_space_id].set_space(young_gen->eden_space());
 601   _space_info[from_space_id].set_space(young_gen->from_space());
 602   _space_info[to_space_id].set_space(young_gen->to_space());
 603 
 604   _space_info[old_space_id].set_start_array(heap->old_gen()->start_array());
 605 }
 606 
 607 void
 608 PSParallelCompact::clear_data_covering_space(SpaceId id)
 609 {
 610   // At this point, top is the value before GC, new_top() is the value that will
 611   // be set at the end of GC.  The marking bitmap is cleared to top; nothing
 612   // should be marked above top.  The summary data is cleared to the larger of
 613   // top & new_top.
 614   MutableSpace* const space = _space_info[id].space();
 615   HeapWord* const bot = space->bottom();
 616   HeapWord* const top = space->top();
 617   HeapWord* const max_top = MAX2(top, _space_info[id].new_top());
 618 
 619   _mark_bitmap.clear_range(bot, top);
 620 
 621   const size_t beg_region = _summary_data.addr_to_region_idx(bot);
 622   const size_t end_region =
 623     _summary_data.addr_to_region_idx(_summary_data.region_align_up(max_top));
 624   _summary_data.clear_range(beg_region, end_region);
 625 
 626   // Clear the data used to 'split' regions.
 627   SplitInfo& split_info = _space_info[id].split_info();
 628   if (split_info.is_valid()) {
 629     split_info.clear();
 630   }
 631   DEBUG_ONLY(split_info.verify_clear();)
 632 }
 633 
 634 void PSParallelCompact::pre_compact()
 635 {
 636   // Update the from & to space pointers in space_info, since they are swapped
 637   // at each young gen gc.  Do the update unconditionally (even though a
 638   // promotion failure does not swap spaces) because an unknown number of young
 639   // collections will have swapped the spaces an unknown number of times.
 640   GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm("Pre Compact", &_gc_timer);
 641   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 642   _space_info[from_space_id].set_space(heap->young_gen()->from_space());
 643   _space_info[to_space_id].set_space(heap->young_gen()->to_space());
 644 
 645   heap->increment_total_collections(true);
 646 
 647   CodeCache::on_gc_marking_cycle_start();
 648 
 649   heap->print_before_gc();
 650   heap->trace_heap_before_gc(&_gc_tracer);
 651 
 652   // Fill in TLABs
 653   heap->ensure_parsability(true);  // retire TLABs
 654 
 655   if (VerifyBeforeGC && heap->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
 656     Universe::verify("Before GC");
 657   }
 658 
 659   DEBUG_ONLY(mark_bitmap()->verify_clear();)
 660   DEBUG_ONLY(summary_data().verify_clear();)
 661 }
 662 
 663 void PSParallelCompact::post_compact()
 664 {
 665   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Post Compact", &_gc_timer);
 666   ParCompactionManager::remove_all_shadow_regions();
 667 
 668   CodeCache::on_gc_marking_cycle_finish();
 669   CodeCache::arm_all_nmethods();
 670 
 671   // Need to clear claim bits for the next full-gc (marking and adjust-pointers).
 672   ClassLoaderDataGraph::clear_claimed_marks();
 673 
 674   for (unsigned int id = old_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
 675     // Clear the marking bitmap, summary data and split info.
 676     clear_data_covering_space(SpaceId(id));
 677     {
 678       MutableSpace* space = _space_info[id].space();
 679       HeapWord* top = space->top();
 680       HeapWord* new_top = _space_info[id].new_top();
 681       if (ZapUnusedHeapArea && new_top < top) {
 682         space->mangle_region(MemRegion(new_top, top));
 683       }
 684       // Update top().  Must be done after clearing the bitmap and summary data.
 685       space->set_top(new_top);
 686     }
 687   }
 688 
 689 #ifdef ASSERT
 690   {
 691     mark_bitmap()->verify_clear();
 692     summary_data().verify_clear();
 693   }
 694 #endif
 695 
 696   ParCompactionManager::flush_all_string_dedup_requests();
 697 
 698   MutableSpace* const eden_space = _space_info[eden_space_id].space();
 699   MutableSpace* const from_space = _space_info[from_space_id].space();
 700   MutableSpace* const to_space   = _space_info[to_space_id].space();
 701 
 702   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 703   bool eden_empty = eden_space->is_empty();
 704 
 705   // Update heap occupancy information which is used as input to the soft ref
 706   // clearing policy at the next gc.
 707   Universe::heap()->update_capacity_and_used_at_gc();
 708 
 709   bool young_gen_empty = eden_empty && from_space->is_empty() &&
 710     to_space->is_empty();
 711 
 712   PSCardTable* ct = heap->card_table();
 713   MemRegion old_mr = heap->old_gen()->committed();
 714   if (young_gen_empty) {
 715     ct->clear_MemRegion(old_mr);
 716   } else {
 717     ct->dirty_MemRegion(old_mr);
 718   }
 719 
 720   heap->prune_scavengable_nmethods();
 721 
 722 #if COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
 723   DerivedPointerTable::update_pointers();
 724 #endif
 725 
 726   // Signal that we have completed a visit to all live objects.
 727   Universe::heap()->record_whole_heap_examined_timestamp();
 728 }
 729 
 730 HeapWord* PSParallelCompact::compute_dense_prefix_for_old_space(MutableSpace* old_space,
 731                                                                 HeapWord* full_region_prefix_end) {
 732   const size_t region_size = ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
 733   const ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
 734 
 735   // Iteration starts with the region *after* the full-region-prefix-end.
 736   const RegionData* const start_region = sd.addr_to_region_ptr(full_region_prefix_end);
 737   // If final region is not full, iteration stops before that region,
 738   // because fill_dense_prefix_end assumes that prefix_end <= top.
 739   const RegionData* const end_region = sd.addr_to_region_ptr(old_space->top());
 740   assert(start_region <= end_region, "inv");
 741 
 742   size_t max_waste = old_space->capacity_in_words() * (MarkSweepDeadRatio / 100.0);
 743   const RegionData* cur_region = start_region;
 744   for (/* empty */; cur_region < end_region; ++cur_region) {
 745     assert(region_size >= cur_region->data_size(), "inv");
 746     size_t dead_size = region_size - cur_region->data_size();
 747     if (max_waste < dead_size) {
 748       break;
 749     }
 750     max_waste -= dead_size;
 751   }
 752 
 753   HeapWord* const prefix_end = sd.region_to_addr(cur_region);
 754   assert(sd.is_region_aligned(prefix_end), "postcondition");
 755   assert(prefix_end >= full_region_prefix_end, "in-range");
 756   assert(prefix_end <= old_space->top(), "in-range");
 757   return prefix_end;
 758 }
 759 
 760 void PSParallelCompact::fill_dense_prefix_end(SpaceId id) {
 761   // Comparing two sizes to decide if filling is required:
 762   //
 763   // The size of the filler (min-obj-size) is 2 heap words with the default
 764   // MinObjAlignment, since both markword and klass take 1 heap word.
 765   // With +UseCompactObjectHeaders, the minimum filler size is only one word,
 766   // because the Klass* gets encoded in the mark-word.
 767   //
 768   // The size of the gap (if any) right before dense-prefix-end is
 769   // MinObjAlignment.
 770   //
 771   // Need to fill in the gap only if it's smaller than min-obj-size, and the
 772   // filler obj will extend to next region.
 773 
 774   if (MinObjAlignment >= checked_cast<int>(CollectedHeap::min_fill_size())) {
 775     return;
 776   }
 777 
 778   assert(!UseCompactObjectHeaders, "Compact headers can allocate small objects");
 779   assert(CollectedHeap::min_fill_size() == 2, "inv");
 780   HeapWord* const dense_prefix_end = dense_prefix(id);
 781   assert(_summary_data.is_region_aligned(dense_prefix_end), "precondition");
 782   assert(dense_prefix_end <= space(id)->top(), "precondition");
 783   if (dense_prefix_end == space(id)->top()) {
 784     // Must not have single-word gap right before prefix-end/top.
 785     return;
 786   }
 787   RegionData* const region_after_dense_prefix = _summary_data.addr_to_region_ptr(dense_prefix_end);
 788 
 789   if (region_after_dense_prefix->partial_obj_size() != 0 ||
 790       _mark_bitmap.is_marked(dense_prefix_end)) {
 791     // The region after the dense prefix starts with live bytes.
 792     return;
 793   }
 794 
 795   HeapWord* block_start = start_array(id)->block_start_reaching_into_card(dense_prefix_end);
 796   if (block_start == dense_prefix_end - 1) {
 797     assert(!_mark_bitmap.is_marked(block_start), "inv");
 798     // There is exactly one heap word gap right before the dense prefix end, so we need a filler object.
 799     // The filler object will extend into region_after_dense_prefix.
 800     const size_t obj_len = 2; // min-fill-size
 801     HeapWord* const obj_beg = dense_prefix_end - 1;
 802     CollectedHeap::fill_with_object(obj_beg, obj_len);
 803     _mark_bitmap.mark_obj(obj_beg);
 804     _summary_data.addr_to_region_ptr(obj_beg)->add_live_obj(1);
 805     region_after_dense_prefix->set_partial_obj_size(1);
 806     region_after_dense_prefix->set_partial_obj_addr(obj_beg);
 807     assert(start_array(id) != nullptr, "sanity");
 808     start_array(id)->update_for_block(obj_beg, obj_beg + obj_len);
 809   }
 810 }
 811 
 812 bool PSParallelCompact::check_maximum_compaction(bool should_do_max_compaction,
 813                                                  size_t total_live_words,
 814                                                  MutableSpace* const old_space,
 815                                                  HeapWord* full_region_prefix_end) {
 816 
 817   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 818 
 819   // Check System.GC
 820   bool is_max_on_system_gc = UseMaximumCompactionOnSystemGC
 821                           && GCCause::is_user_requested_gc(heap->gc_cause());
 822 
 823   // Check if all live objs are too much for old-gen.
 824   const bool is_old_gen_too_full = (total_live_words >= old_space->capacity_in_words());
 825 
 826   // If all regions in old-gen are full
 827   const bool is_region_full =
 828     full_region_prefix_end >= _summary_data.region_align_down(old_space->top());
 829 
 830   return should_do_max_compaction
 831       || is_max_on_system_gc
 832       || is_old_gen_too_full
 833       || is_region_full;
 834 }
 835 
 836 void PSParallelCompact::summary_phase(bool should_do_max_compaction)
 837 {
 838   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Summary Phase", &_gc_timer);
 839 
 840   MutableSpace* const old_space = _space_info[old_space_id].space();
 841   {
 842     size_t total_live_words = 0;
 843     HeapWord* full_region_prefix_end = nullptr;
 844     {
 845       // old-gen
 846       size_t live_words = _summary_data.live_words_in_space(old_space,
 847                                                             &full_region_prefix_end);
 848       total_live_words += live_words;
 849     }
 850     // young-gen
 851     for (uint i = eden_space_id; i < last_space_id; ++i) {
 852       const MutableSpace* space = _space_info[i].space();
 853       size_t live_words = _summary_data.live_words_in_space(space);
 854       total_live_words += live_words;
 855       _space_info[i].set_new_top(space->bottom() + live_words);
 856       _space_info[i].set_dense_prefix(space->bottom());
 857     }
 858 
 859     should_do_max_compaction = check_maximum_compaction(should_do_max_compaction,
 860                                                         total_live_words,
 861                                                         old_space,
 862                                                         full_region_prefix_end);
 863     {
 864       GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Summary Phase: expand", &_gc_timer);
 865       // Try to expand old-gen in order to fit all live objs and waste.
 866       size_t target_capacity_bytes = total_live_words * HeapWordSize
 867                                    + old_space->capacity_in_bytes() * (MarkSweepDeadRatio / 100);
 868       ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->old_gen()->try_expand_till_size(target_capacity_bytes);
 869     }
 870 
 871     HeapWord* dense_prefix_end = should_do_max_compaction
 872                                  ? full_region_prefix_end
 873                                  : compute_dense_prefix_for_old_space(old_space,
 874                                                                       full_region_prefix_end);
 875     SpaceId id = old_space_id;
 876     _space_info[id].set_dense_prefix(dense_prefix_end);
 877 
 878     if (dense_prefix_end != old_space->bottom()) {
 879       fill_dense_prefix_end(id);
 880     }
 881 
 882     // Compacting objs in [dense_prefix_end, old_space->top())
 883     _summary_data.summarize(_space_info[id].split_info(),
 884                             dense_prefix_end, old_space->top(), nullptr,
 885                             dense_prefix_end, old_space->end(),
 886                             _space_info[id].new_top_addr());
 887   }
 888 
 889   // Summarize the remaining spaces in the young gen.  The initial target space
 890   // is the old gen.  If a space does not fit entirely into the target, then the
 891   // remainder is compacted into the space itself and that space becomes the new
 892   // target.
 893   SpaceId dst_space_id = old_space_id;
 894   HeapWord* dst_space_end = old_space->end();
 895   HeapWord** new_top_addr = _space_info[dst_space_id].new_top_addr();
 896   for (unsigned int id = eden_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
 897     const MutableSpace* space = _space_info[id].space();
 898     const size_t live = pointer_delta(_space_info[id].new_top(),
 899                                       space->bottom());
 900     const size_t available = pointer_delta(dst_space_end, *new_top_addr);
 901 
 902     if (live > 0 && live <= available) {
 903       // All the live data will fit.
 904       bool done = _summary_data.summarize(_space_info[id].split_info(),
 905                                           space->bottom(), space->top(),
 906                                           nullptr,
 907                                           *new_top_addr, dst_space_end,
 908                                           new_top_addr);
 909       assert(done, "space must fit into old gen");
 910 
 911       // Reset the new_top value for the space.
 912       _space_info[id].set_new_top(space->bottom());
 913     } else if (live > 0) {
 914       // Attempt to fit part of the source space into the target space.
 915       HeapWord* next_src_addr = nullptr;
 916       bool done = _summary_data.summarize(_space_info[id].split_info(),
 917                                           space->bottom(), space->top(),
 918                                           &next_src_addr,
 919                                           *new_top_addr, dst_space_end,
 920                                           new_top_addr);
 921       assert(!done, "space should not fit into old gen");
 922       assert(next_src_addr != nullptr, "sanity");
 923 
 924       // The source space becomes the new target, so the remainder is compacted
 925       // within the space itself.
 926       dst_space_id = SpaceId(id);
 927       dst_space_end = space->end();
 928       new_top_addr = _space_info[id].new_top_addr();
 929       done = _summary_data.summarize(_space_info[id].split_info(),
 930                                      next_src_addr, space->top(),
 931                                      nullptr,
 932                                      space->bottom(), dst_space_end,
 933                                      new_top_addr);
 934       assert(done, "space must fit when compacted into itself");
 935       assert(*new_top_addr <= space->top(), "usage should not grow");
 936     }
 937   }
 938 }
 939 
 940 void PSParallelCompact::report_object_count_after_gc() {
 941   GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm("Report Object Count", &_gc_timer);
 942   // The heap is compacted, all objects are iterable. However there may be
 943   // filler objects in the heap which we should ignore.
 944   class SkipFillerObjectClosure : public BoolObjectClosure {
 945   public:
 946     bool do_object_b(oop obj) override { return !CollectedHeap::is_filler_object(obj); }
 947   } cl;
 948   _gc_tracer.report_object_count_after_gc(&cl, &ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers());
 949 }
 950 
 951 bool PSParallelCompact::invoke(bool clear_all_soft_refs, bool should_do_max_compaction) {
 952   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "should be at safepoint");
 953   assert(Thread::current() == (Thread*)VMThread::vm_thread(),
 954          "should be in vm thread");
 955   assert(ref_processor() != nullptr, "Sanity");
 956 
 957   SvcGCMarker sgcm(SvcGCMarker::FULL);
 958   IsSTWGCActiveMark mark;
 959 
 960   ParallelScavengeHeap* heap = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap();
 961 
 962   GCIdMark gc_id_mark;
 963   _gc_timer.register_gc_start();
 964   _gc_tracer.report_gc_start(heap->gc_cause(), _gc_timer.gc_start());
 965 
 966   GCCause::Cause gc_cause = heap->gc_cause();
 967   PSOldGen* old_gen = heap->old_gen();
 968   PSAdaptiveSizePolicy* size_policy = heap->size_policy();
 969 
 970   // Make sure data structures are sane, make the heap parsable, and do other
 971   // miscellaneous bookkeeping.
 972   pre_compact();
 973 
 974   const PreGenGCValues pre_gc_values = heap->get_pre_gc_values();
 975 
 976   {
 977     const uint active_workers =
 978       WorkerPolicy::calc_active_workers(ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().max_workers(),
 979                                         ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().active_workers(),
 980                                         Threads::number_of_non_daemon_threads());
 981     ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().set_active_workers(active_workers);
 982 
 983     GCTraceCPUTime tcpu(&_gc_tracer);
 984     GCTraceTime(Info, gc) tm("Pause Full", nullptr, gc_cause, true);
 985 
 986     heap->pre_full_gc_dump(&_gc_timer);
 987 
 988     TraceCollectorStats tcs(counters());
 989     TraceMemoryManagerStats tms(heap->old_gc_manager(), gc_cause, "end of major GC");
 990 
 991     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, gc, heap, exit)) {
 992       accumulated_time()->start();
 993     }
 994 
 995     // Let the size policy know we're starting
 996     size_policy->major_collection_begin();
 997 
 998 #if COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
 999     DerivedPointerTable::clear();
1000 #endif
1001 
1002     ref_processor()->start_discovery(clear_all_soft_refs);
1003 
1004     marking_phase(&_gc_tracer);
1005 
1006     summary_phase(should_do_max_compaction);
1007 
1008 #if COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
1009     assert(DerivedPointerTable::is_active(), "Sanity");
1010     DerivedPointerTable::set_active(false);
1011 #endif
1012 
1013     forward_to_new_addr();
1014 
1015     adjust_pointers();
1016 
1017     compact();
1018 
1019     ParCompactionManager::_preserved_marks_set->restore(&ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers());
1020 
1021     ParCompactionManager::verify_all_region_stack_empty();
1022 
1023     // Reset the mark bitmap, summary data, and do other bookkeeping.  Must be
1024     // done before resizing.
1025     post_compact();
1026 
1027     size_policy->major_collection_end();
1028 
1029     size_policy->sample_old_gen_used_bytes(MAX2(pre_gc_values.old_gen_used(), old_gen->used_in_bytes()));
1030 
1031     if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1032       heap->resize_after_full_gc();
1033     }
1034 
1035     heap->resize_all_tlabs();
1036 
1037     // Resize the metaspace capacity after a collection
1038     MetaspaceGC::compute_new_size();
1039 
1040     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, gc, heap, exit)) {
1041       accumulated_time()->stop();
1042     }
1043 
1044     heap->print_heap_change(pre_gc_values);
1045 
1046     report_object_count_after_gc();
1047 
1048     // Track memory usage and detect low memory
1049     MemoryService::track_memory_usage();
1050     heap->update_counters();
1051 
1052     heap->post_full_gc_dump(&_gc_timer);
1053 
1054     size_policy->record_gc_pause_end_instant();
1055   }
1056 
1057   heap->gc_epilogue(true);
1058 
1059   if (VerifyAfterGC && heap->total_collections() >= VerifyGCStartAt) {
1060     Universe::verify("After GC");
1061   }
1062 
1063   heap->print_after_gc();
1064   heap->trace_heap_after_gc(&_gc_tracer);
1065 
1066   _gc_timer.register_gc_end();
1067 
1068   _gc_tracer.report_dense_prefix(dense_prefix(old_space_id));
1069   _gc_tracer.report_gc_end(_gc_timer.gc_end(), _gc_timer.time_partitions());
1070 
1071   return true;
1072 }
1073 
1074 class PCAddThreadRootsMarkingTaskClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1075   ParCompactionManager* _cm;
1076 
1077 public:
1078   PCAddThreadRootsMarkingTaskClosure(ParCompactionManager* cm) : _cm(cm) { }
1079   void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1080     ResourceMark rm;
1081 
1082     MarkingNMethodClosure mark_and_push_in_blobs(&_cm->_mark_and_push_closure);
1083 
1084     thread->oops_do(&_cm->_mark_and_push_closure, &mark_and_push_in_blobs);
1085 
1086     // Do the real work
1087     _cm->follow_marking_stacks();
1088   }
1089 };
1090 
1091 void steal_marking_work(TaskTerminator& terminator, uint worker_id) {
1092   assert(ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->is_stw_gc_active(), "called outside gc");
1093 
1094   ParCompactionManager* cm =
1095     ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1096 
1097   do {
1098     ScannerTask task;
1099     if (ParCompactionManager::steal(worker_id, task)) {
1100       cm->follow_contents(task, true);
1101     }
1102     cm->follow_marking_stacks();
1103   } while (!terminator.offer_termination());
1104 }
1105 
1106 class MarkFromRootsTask : public WorkerTask {
1107   NMethodMarkingScope _nmethod_marking_scope;
1108   ThreadsClaimTokenScope _threads_claim_token_scope;
1109   OopStorageSetStrongParState<false /* concurrent */, false /* is_const */> _oop_storage_set_par_state;
1110   TaskTerminator _terminator;
1111   uint _active_workers;
1112 
1113 public:
1114   MarkFromRootsTask(uint active_workers) :
1115       WorkerTask("MarkFromRootsTask"),
1116       _nmethod_marking_scope(),
1117       _threads_claim_token_scope(),
1118       _terminator(active_workers, ParCompactionManager::marking_stacks()),
1119       _active_workers(active_workers) {}
1120 
1121   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
1122     ParCompactionManager* cm = ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1123     cm->create_marking_stats_cache();
1124     {
1125       CLDToOopClosure cld_closure(&cm->_mark_and_push_closure, ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_mark);
1126       ClassLoaderDataGraph::always_strong_cld_do(&cld_closure);
1127 
1128       // Do the real work
1129       cm->follow_marking_stacks();
1130     }
1131 
1132     {
1133       PCAddThreadRootsMarkingTaskClosure closure(cm);
1134       Threads::possibly_parallel_threads_do(_active_workers > 1 /* is_par */, &closure);
1135     }
1136 
1137     // Mark from OopStorages
1138     {
1139       _oop_storage_set_par_state.oops_do(&cm->_mark_and_push_closure);
1140       // Do the real work
1141       cm->follow_marking_stacks();
1142     }
1143 
1144     if (_active_workers > 1) {
1145       steal_marking_work(_terminator, worker_id);
1146     }
1147   }
1148 };
1149 
1150 class ParallelCompactRefProcProxyTask : public RefProcProxyTask {
1151   TaskTerminator _terminator;
1152 
1153 public:
1154   ParallelCompactRefProcProxyTask(uint max_workers)
1155     : RefProcProxyTask("ParallelCompactRefProcProxyTask", max_workers),
1156       _terminator(_max_workers, ParCompactionManager::marking_stacks()) {}
1157 
1158   void work(uint worker_id) override {
1159     assert(worker_id < _max_workers, "sanity");
1160     ParCompactionManager* cm = (_tm == RefProcThreadModel::Single) ? ParCompactionManager::get_vmthread_cm() : ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1161     BarrierEnqueueDiscoveredFieldClosure enqueue;
1162     ParCompactionManager::FollowStackClosure complete_gc(cm, (_tm == RefProcThreadModel::Single) ? nullptr : &_terminator, worker_id);
1163     _rp_task->rp_work(worker_id, PSParallelCompact::is_alive_closure(), &cm->_mark_and_push_closure, &enqueue, &complete_gc);
1164   }
1165 
1166   void prepare_run_task_hook() override {
1167     _terminator.reset_for_reuse(_queue_count);
1168   }
1169 };
1170 
1171 static void flush_marking_stats_cache(const uint num_workers) {
1172   for (uint i = 0; i < num_workers; ++i) {
1173     ParCompactionManager* cm = ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(i);
1174     cm->flush_and_destroy_marking_stats_cache();
1175   }
1176 }
1177 
1178 class PSParallelCleaningTask : public WorkerTask {
1179   bool                    _unloading_occurred;
1180   CodeCacheUnloadingTask  _code_cache_task;
1181   // Prune dead klasses from subklass/sibling/implementor lists.
1182   KlassCleaningTask       _klass_cleaning_task;
1183 
1184 public:
1185   PSParallelCleaningTask(bool unloading_occurred) :
1186     WorkerTask("PS Parallel Cleaning"),
1187     _unloading_occurred(unloading_occurred),
1188     _code_cache_task(unloading_occurred),
1189     _klass_cleaning_task() {}
1190 
1191   void work(uint worker_id) {
1192 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1193     if (EnableJVMCI && worker_id == 0) {
1194       // Serial work; only first worker.
1195       // Clean JVMCI metadata handles.
1196       JVMCI::do_unloading(_unloading_occurred);
1197     }
1198 #endif
1199 
1200     // Do first pass of code cache cleaning.
1201     _code_cache_task.work(worker_id);
1202 
1203     // Clean all klasses that were not unloaded.
1204     // The weak metadata in klass doesn't need to be
1205     // processed if there was no unloading.
1206     if (_unloading_occurred) {
1207       _klass_cleaning_task.work();
1208     }
1209   }
1210 };
1211 
1212 void PSParallelCompact::marking_phase(ParallelOldTracer *gc_tracer) {
1213   // Recursively traverse all live objects and mark them
1214   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Marking Phase", &_gc_timer);
1215 
1216   uint active_gc_threads = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().active_workers();
1217 
1218   ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify_claimed_marks_cleared(ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_mark);
1219   {
1220     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm("Par Mark", &_gc_timer);
1221 
1222     MarkFromRootsTask task(active_gc_threads);
1223     ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().run_task(&task);
1224   }
1225 
1226   // Process reference objects found during marking
1227   {
1228     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm("Reference Processing", &_gc_timer);
1229 
1230     ReferenceProcessorStats stats;
1231     ReferenceProcessorPhaseTimes pt(&_gc_timer, ref_processor()->max_num_queues());
1232 
1233     ParallelCompactRefProcProxyTask task(ref_processor()->max_num_queues());
1234     stats = ref_processor()->process_discovered_references(task, &ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers(), pt);
1235 
1236     gc_tracer->report_gc_reference_stats(stats);
1237     pt.print_all_references();
1238   }
1239 
1240   {
1241     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm("Flush Marking Stats", &_gc_timer);
1242 
1243     flush_marking_stats_cache(active_gc_threads);
1244   }
1245 
1246   // This is the point where the entire marking should have completed.
1247   ParCompactionManager::verify_all_marking_stack_empty();
1248 
1249   {
1250     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm("Weak Processing", &_gc_timer);
1251     WeakProcessor::weak_oops_do(&ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers(),
1252                                 is_alive_closure(),
1253                                 &do_nothing_cl,
1254                                 1);
1255   }
1256 
1257   {
1258     GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) tm_m("Class Unloading", &_gc_timer);
1259 
1260     ClassUnloadingContext ctx(active_gc_threads /* num_nmethod_unlink_workers */,
1261                               false /* unregister_nmethods_during_purge */,
1262                               false /* lock_nmethod_free_separately */);
1263 
1264     {
1265       CodeCache::UnlinkingScope scope(is_alive_closure());
1266 
1267       // Follow system dictionary roots and unload classes.
1268       bool unloading_occurred = SystemDictionary::do_unloading(&_gc_timer);
1269 
1270       PSParallelCleaningTask task{unloading_occurred};
1271       ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().run_task(&task);
1272     }
1273 
1274     {
1275       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) t("Purge Unlinked NMethods", gc_timer());
1276       // Release unloaded nmethod's memory.
1277       ctx.purge_nmethods();
1278     }
1279     {
1280       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) ur("Unregister NMethods", &_gc_timer);
1281       ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->prune_unlinked_nmethods();
1282     }
1283     {
1284       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) t("Free Code Blobs", gc_timer());
1285       ctx.free_nmethods();
1286     }
1287     {
1288       // Delete metaspaces for unloaded class loaders and clean up loader_data graph
1289       GCTraceTime(Debug, gc, phases) t("Purge Class Loader Data", gc_timer());
1290       ClassLoaderDataGraph::purge(true /* at_safepoint */);
1291       DEBUG_ONLY(MetaspaceUtils::verify();)
1292     }
1293   }
1294 
1295 #if TASKQUEUE_STATS
1296   ParCompactionManager::print_and_reset_taskqueue_stats();
1297 #endif
1298 }
1299 
1300 template<typename Func>
1301 void PSParallelCompact::adjust_in_space_helper(SpaceId id, Atomic<uint>* claim_counter, Func&& on_stripe) {
1302   MutableSpace* sp = PSParallelCompact::space(id);
1303   HeapWord* const bottom = sp->bottom();
1304   HeapWord* const top = sp->top();
1305   if (bottom == top) {
1306     return;
1307   }
1308 
1309   const uint num_regions_per_stripe = 2;
1310   const size_t region_size = ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
1311   const size_t stripe_size = num_regions_per_stripe * region_size;
1312 
1313   while (true) {
1314     uint counter = claim_counter->fetch_then_add(num_regions_per_stripe);
1315     HeapWord* cur_stripe = bottom + counter * region_size;
1316     if (cur_stripe >= top) {
1317       break;
1318     }
1319     HeapWord* stripe_end = MIN2(cur_stripe + stripe_size, top);
1320     on_stripe(cur_stripe, stripe_end);
1321   }
1322 }
1323 
1324 void PSParallelCompact::adjust_in_old_space(Atomic<uint>* claim_counter) {
1325   // Regions in old-space shouldn't be split.
1326   assert(!_space_info[old_space_id].split_info().is_valid(), "inv");
1327 
1328   auto scan_obj_with_limit = [&] (HeapWord* obj_start, HeapWord* left, HeapWord* right) {
1329     assert(mark_bitmap()->is_marked(obj_start), "inv");
1330     oop obj = cast_to_oop(obj_start);
1331     return obj->oop_iterate_size(&pc_adjust_pointer_closure, MemRegion(left, right));
1332   };
1333 
1334   adjust_in_space_helper(old_space_id, claim_counter, [&] (HeapWord* stripe_start, HeapWord* stripe_end) {
1335     assert(_summary_data.is_region_aligned(stripe_start), "inv");
1336     RegionData* cur_region = _summary_data.addr_to_region_ptr(stripe_start);
1337     HeapWord* obj_start;
1338     if (cur_region->partial_obj_size() != 0) {
1339       obj_start = cur_region->partial_obj_addr();
1340       obj_start += scan_obj_with_limit(obj_start, stripe_start, stripe_end);
1341     } else {
1342       obj_start = stripe_start;
1343     }
1344 
1345     while (obj_start < stripe_end) {
1346       obj_start = mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg(obj_start, stripe_end);
1347       if (obj_start >= stripe_end) {
1348         break;
1349       }
1350       obj_start += scan_obj_with_limit(obj_start, stripe_start, stripe_end);
1351     }
1352   });
1353 }
1354 
1355 void PSParallelCompact::adjust_in_young_space(SpaceId id, Atomic<uint>* claim_counter) {
1356   adjust_in_space_helper(id, claim_counter, [](HeapWord* stripe_start, HeapWord* stripe_end) {
1357     HeapWord* obj_start = stripe_start;
1358     while (obj_start < stripe_end) {
1359       obj_start = mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg(obj_start, stripe_end);
1360       if (obj_start >= stripe_end) {
1361         break;
1362       }
1363       oop obj = cast_to_oop(obj_start);
1364       obj_start += obj->oop_iterate_size(&pc_adjust_pointer_closure);
1365     }
1366   });
1367 }
1368 
1369 void PSParallelCompact::adjust_pointers_in_spaces(uint worker_id, Atomic<uint>* claim_counters) {
1370   auto start_time = Ticks::now();
1371   adjust_in_old_space(&claim_counters[0]);
1372   for (uint id = eden_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
1373     adjust_in_young_space(SpaceId(id), &claim_counters[id]);
1374   }
1375   log_trace(gc, phases)("adjust_pointers_in_spaces worker %u: %.3f ms", worker_id, (Ticks::now() - start_time).seconds() * 1000);
1376 }
1377 
1378 class PSAdjustTask final : public WorkerTask {
1379   ThreadsClaimTokenScope                     _threads_claim_token_scope;
1380   WeakProcessor::Task                        _weak_proc_task;
1381   OopStorageSetStrongParState<false, false>  _oop_storage_iter;
1382   uint                                       _nworkers;
1383   Atomic<bool>                               _code_cache_claimed;
1384   Atomic<uint> _claim_counters[PSParallelCompact::last_space_id];
1385 
1386   bool try_claim_code_cache_task() {
1387     return _code_cache_claimed.load_relaxed() == false
1388         && _code_cache_claimed.compare_set(false, true);
1389   }
1390 
1391 public:
1392   PSAdjustTask(uint nworkers) :
1393     WorkerTask("PSAdjust task"),
1394     _threads_claim_token_scope(),
1395     _weak_proc_task(nworkers),
1396     _oop_storage_iter(),
1397     _nworkers(nworkers),
1398     _code_cache_claimed(false) {
1399 
1400     for (unsigned int i = PSParallelCompact::old_space_id; i < PSParallelCompact::last_space_id; ++i) {
1401       ::new (&_claim_counters[i]) Atomic<uint>{};
1402     }
1403     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify_claimed_marks_cleared(ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_adjust);
1404   }
1405 
1406   void work(uint worker_id) {
1407     {
1408       // Pointers in heap.
1409       ParCompactionManager* cm = ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1410       cm->preserved_marks()->adjust_during_full_gc();
1411 
1412       PSParallelCompact::adjust_pointers_in_spaces(worker_id, _claim_counters);
1413     }
1414 
1415     {
1416       // All (strong and weak) CLDs.
1417       CLDToOopClosure cld_closure(&pc_adjust_pointer_closure, ClassLoaderData::_claim_stw_fullgc_adjust);
1418       ClassLoaderDataGraph::cld_do(&cld_closure);
1419     }
1420 
1421     {
1422       // Threads stack frames. No need to visit on-stack nmethods, because all
1423       // nmethods are visited in one go via CodeCache::nmethods_do.
1424       ResourceMark rm;
1425       Threads::possibly_parallel_oops_do(_nworkers > 1, &pc_adjust_pointer_closure, nullptr);
1426       if (try_claim_code_cache_task()) {
1427         NMethodToOopClosure adjust_code(&pc_adjust_pointer_closure, NMethodToOopClosure::FixRelocations);
1428         CodeCache::nmethods_do(&adjust_code);
1429       }
1430     }
1431 
1432     {
1433       // VM internal strong and weak roots.
1434       _oop_storage_iter.oops_do(&pc_adjust_pointer_closure);
1435       AlwaysTrueClosure always_alive;
1436       _weak_proc_task.work(worker_id, &always_alive, &pc_adjust_pointer_closure);
1437     }
1438   }
1439 };
1440 
1441 void PSParallelCompact::adjust_pointers() {
1442   // Adjust the pointers to reflect the new locations
1443   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Adjust Pointers", &_gc_timer);
1444   uint nworkers = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().active_workers();
1445   PSAdjustTask task(nworkers);
1446   ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().run_task(&task);
1447 }
1448 
1449 // Split [start, end) evenly for a number of workers and return the
1450 // range for worker_id.
1451 static void split_regions_for_worker(size_t start, size_t end,
1452                                      uint worker_id, uint num_workers,
1453                                      size_t* worker_start, size_t* worker_end) {
1454   assert(start < end, "precondition");
1455   assert(num_workers > 0, "precondition");
1456   assert(worker_id < num_workers, "precondition");
1457 
1458   size_t num_regions = end - start;
1459   size_t num_regions_per_worker = num_regions / num_workers;
1460   size_t remainder = num_regions % num_workers;
1461   // The first few workers will get one extra.
1462   *worker_start = start + worker_id * num_regions_per_worker
1463                   + MIN2(checked_cast<size_t>(worker_id), remainder);
1464   *worker_end = *worker_start + num_regions_per_worker
1465                 + (worker_id < remainder ? 1 : 0);
1466 }
1467 
1468 static bool safe_to_read_header(size_t words) {
1469   precond(words > 0);
1470 
1471   // Safe to read if we have enough words for the full header, i.e., both
1472   // markWord and Klass pointer.
1473   const bool safe = words >= (size_t)oopDesc::header_size();
1474 
1475   // If using Compact Object Headers, the full header is inside the markWord,
1476   // so will always be safe to read
1477   assert(!UseCompactObjectHeaders || safe, "Compact Object Headers should always be safe");
1478 
1479   return safe;
1480 }
1481 
1482 void PSParallelCompact::forward_to_new_addr() {
1483   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Forward", &_gc_timer);
1484   uint nworkers = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().active_workers();
1485 
1486   struct ForwardTask final : public WorkerTask {
1487     uint _num_workers;
1488 
1489     explicit ForwardTask(uint num_workers) :
1490       WorkerTask("PSForward task"),
1491       _num_workers(num_workers) {}
1492 
1493     static bool should_preserve_mark(oop obj, HeapWord* end_addr) {
1494       size_t remaining_words = pointer_delta(end_addr, cast_from_oop<HeapWord*>(obj));
1495 
1496       if (Arguments::is_valhalla_enabled() && !safe_to_read_header(remaining_words)) {
1497         // When using Valhalla, it might be necessary to preserve the Valhalla-
1498         // specific bits in the markWord. If the entire object header is
1499         // copied, the correct markWord (with the appropriate Valhalla bits)
1500         // can be safely read from the Klass. However, if the full header is
1501         // not copied, we cannot safely read the Klass to obtain this information.
1502         // In such cases, we always preserve the markWord to ensure that all
1503         // relevant bits, including Valhalla-specific ones, are retained.
1504         return true;
1505       } else {
1506         return obj->mark().must_be_preserved();
1507       }
1508     }
1509 
1510     static void forward_objs_in_range(ParCompactionManager* cm,
1511                                       HeapWord* start,
1512                                       HeapWord* end,
1513                                       HeapWord* destination) {
1514       HeapWord* cur_addr = start;
1515       HeapWord* new_addr = destination;
1516 
1517       while (cur_addr < end) {
1518         cur_addr = mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg(cur_addr, end);
1519         if (cur_addr >= end) {
1520           return;
1521         }
1522         assert(mark_bitmap()->is_marked(cur_addr), "inv");
1523         oop obj = cast_to_oop(cur_addr);
1524 
1525         if (new_addr != cur_addr) {
1526           if (should_preserve_mark(obj, end)) {
1527             cm->preserved_marks()->push_always(obj, obj->mark());
1528           }
1529 
1530           FullGCForwarding::forward_to(obj, cast_to_oop(new_addr));
1531         }
1532         size_t obj_size = obj->size();
1533         new_addr += obj_size;
1534         cur_addr += obj_size;
1535       }
1536     }
1537 
1538     void work(uint worker_id) override {
1539       ParCompactionManager* cm = ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1540       for (uint id = old_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
1541         MutableSpace* sp = PSParallelCompact::space(SpaceId(id));
1542         HeapWord* dense_prefix_addr = dense_prefix(SpaceId(id));
1543         HeapWord* top = sp->top();
1544 
1545         if (dense_prefix_addr == top) {
1546           // Empty space
1547           continue;
1548         }
1549 
1550         const SplitInfo& split_info = _space_info[SpaceId(id)].split_info();
1551         size_t dense_prefix_region = _summary_data.addr_to_region_idx(dense_prefix_addr);
1552         size_t top_region = _summary_data.addr_to_region_idx(_summary_data.region_align_up(top));
1553         size_t start_region;
1554         size_t end_region;
1555         split_regions_for_worker(dense_prefix_region, top_region,
1556                                  worker_id, _num_workers,
1557                                  &start_region, &end_region);
1558         for (size_t cur_region = start_region; cur_region < end_region; ++cur_region) {
1559           RegionData* region_ptr = _summary_data.region(cur_region);
1560           size_t partial_obj_size = region_ptr->partial_obj_size();
1561 
1562           if (partial_obj_size == ParallelCompactData::RegionSize) {
1563             // No obj-start
1564             continue;
1565           }
1566 
1567           HeapWord* region_start = _summary_data.region_to_addr(cur_region);
1568           HeapWord* region_end = region_start + ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
1569 
1570           if (split_info.is_split(cur_region)) {
1571             // Part 1: will be relocated to space-1
1572             HeapWord* preceding_destination = split_info.preceding_destination();
1573             HeapWord* split_point = split_info.split_point();
1574             forward_objs_in_range(cm, region_start + partial_obj_size, split_point, preceding_destination + partial_obj_size);
1575 
1576             // Part 2: will be relocated to space-2
1577             HeapWord* destination = region_ptr->destination();
1578             forward_objs_in_range(cm, split_point, region_end, destination);
1579           } else {
1580             HeapWord* destination = region_ptr->destination();
1581             forward_objs_in_range(cm, region_start + partial_obj_size, region_end, destination + partial_obj_size);
1582           }
1583         }
1584       }
1585     }
1586   } task(nworkers);
1587 
1588   ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().run_task(&task);
1589   DEBUG_ONLY(verify_forward();)
1590 }
1591 
1592 #ifdef ASSERT
1593 void PSParallelCompact::verify_forward() {
1594   HeapWord* const old_dense_prefix_addr = dense_prefix(SpaceId(old_space_id));
1595   // The destination addr for the first live obj after dense-prefix.
1596   HeapWord* bump_ptr = old_dense_prefix_addr
1597                      + _summary_data.addr_to_region_ptr(old_dense_prefix_addr)->partial_obj_size();
1598   SpaceId bump_ptr_space = old_space_id;
1599 
1600   for (uint id = old_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
1601     MutableSpace* sp = PSParallelCompact::space(SpaceId(id));
1602     // Only verify objs after dense-prefix, because those before dense-prefix are not moved (forwarded).
1603     HeapWord* cur_addr = dense_prefix(SpaceId(id));
1604     HeapWord* top = sp->top();
1605 
1606     while (cur_addr < top) {
1607       cur_addr = mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg(cur_addr, top);
1608       if (cur_addr >= top) {
1609         break;
1610       }
1611       assert(mark_bitmap()->is_marked(cur_addr), "inv");
1612       assert(bump_ptr <= _space_info[bump_ptr_space].new_top(), "inv");
1613       // Move to the space containing cur_addr
1614       if (bump_ptr == _space_info[bump_ptr_space].new_top()) {
1615         bump_ptr = space(space_id(cur_addr))->bottom();
1616         bump_ptr_space = space_id(bump_ptr);
1617       }
1618       oop obj = cast_to_oop(cur_addr);
1619       if (cur_addr == bump_ptr) {
1620         assert(!FullGCForwarding::is_forwarded(obj), "inv");
1621       } else {
1622         assert(FullGCForwarding::forwardee(obj) == cast_to_oop(bump_ptr), "inv");
1623       }
1624       bump_ptr += obj->size();
1625       cur_addr += obj->size();
1626     }
1627   }
1628 }
1629 #endif
1630 
1631 // Helper class to print 8 region numbers per line and then print the total at the end.
1632 class FillableRegionLogger : public StackObj {
1633 private:
1634   Log(gc, compaction) log;
1635   static const int LineLength = 8;
1636   size_t _regions[LineLength];
1637   int _next_index;
1638   bool _enabled;
1639   size_t _total_regions;
1640 public:
1641   FillableRegionLogger() : _next_index(0), _enabled(log_develop_is_enabled(Trace, gc, compaction)), _total_regions(0) { }
1642   ~FillableRegionLogger() {
1643     log.trace("%zu initially fillable regions", _total_regions);
1644   }
1645 
1646   void print_line() {
1647     if (!_enabled || _next_index == 0) {
1648       return;
1649     }
1650     FormatBuffer<> line("Fillable: ");
1651     for (int i = 0; i < _next_index; i++) {
1652       line.append(" %7zu", _regions[i]);
1653     }
1654     log.trace("%s", line.buffer());
1655     _next_index = 0;
1656   }
1657 
1658   void handle(size_t region) {
1659     if (!_enabled) {
1660       return;
1661     }
1662     _regions[_next_index++] = region;
1663     if (_next_index == LineLength) {
1664       print_line();
1665     }
1666     _total_regions++;
1667   }
1668 };
1669 
1670 void PSParallelCompact::prepare_region_draining_tasks(uint parallel_gc_threads)
1671 {
1672   GCTraceTime(Trace, gc, phases) tm("Drain Task Setup", &_gc_timer);
1673 
1674   // Find the threads that are active
1675   uint worker_id = 0;
1676 
1677   // Find all regions that are available (can be filled immediately) and
1678   // distribute them to the thread stacks.  The iteration is done in reverse
1679   // order (high to low) so the regions will be removed in ascending order.
1680 
1681   const ParallelCompactData& sd = PSParallelCompact::summary_data();
1682 
1683   // id + 1 is used to test termination so unsigned  can
1684   // be used with an old_space_id == 0.
1685   FillableRegionLogger region_logger;
1686   for (unsigned int id = last_space_id - 1; id + 1 > old_space_id; --id) {
1687     SpaceInfo* const space_info = _space_info + id;
1688     HeapWord* const new_top = space_info->new_top();
1689 
1690     const size_t beg_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(space_info->dense_prefix());
1691     const size_t end_region =
1692       sd.addr_to_region_idx(sd.region_align_up(new_top));
1693 
1694     for (size_t cur = end_region - 1; cur + 1 > beg_region; --cur) {
1695       if (sd.region(cur)->claim_unsafe()) {
1696         ParCompactionManager* cm = ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1697         bool result = sd.region(cur)->mark_normal();
1698         assert(result, "Must succeed at this point.");
1699         cm->region_stack()->push(cur);
1700         region_logger.handle(cur);
1701         // Assign regions to tasks in round-robin fashion.
1702         if (++worker_id == parallel_gc_threads) {
1703           worker_id = 0;
1704         }
1705       }
1706     }
1707     region_logger.print_line();
1708   }
1709 }
1710 
1711 static void compaction_with_stealing_work(TaskTerminator* terminator, uint worker_id) {
1712   assert(ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->is_stw_gc_active(), "called outside gc");
1713 
1714   ParCompactionManager* cm =
1715     ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(worker_id);
1716 
1717   // Drain the stacks that have been preloaded with regions
1718   // that are ready to fill.
1719 
1720   cm->drain_region_stacks();
1721 
1722   guarantee(cm->region_stack()->is_empty(), "Not empty");
1723 
1724   size_t region_index = 0;
1725 
1726   while (true) {
1727     if (ParCompactionManager::steal(worker_id, region_index)) {
1728       PSParallelCompact::fill_and_update_region(cm, region_index);
1729       cm->drain_region_stacks();
1730     } else if (PSParallelCompact::steal_unavailable_region(cm, region_index)) {
1731       // Fill and update an unavailable region with the help of a shadow region
1732       PSParallelCompact::fill_and_update_shadow_region(cm, region_index);
1733       cm->drain_region_stacks();
1734     } else {
1735       if (terminator->offer_termination()) {
1736         break;
1737       }
1738       // Go around again.
1739     }
1740   }
1741 }
1742 
1743 class FillDensePrefixAndCompactionTask: public WorkerTask {
1744   TaskTerminator _terminator;
1745 
1746 public:
1747   FillDensePrefixAndCompactionTask(uint active_workers) :
1748       WorkerTask("FillDensePrefixAndCompactionTask"),
1749       _terminator(active_workers, ParCompactionManager::region_task_queues()) {
1750   }
1751 
1752   virtual void work(uint worker_id) {
1753     if (worker_id == 0) {
1754       auto start = Ticks::now();
1755       PSParallelCompact::fill_dead_objs_in_dense_prefix();
1756       log_trace(gc, phases)("Fill dense prefix by worker 0: %.3f ms", (Ticks::now() - start).seconds() * 1000);
1757     }
1758     compaction_with_stealing_work(&_terminator, worker_id);
1759   }
1760 };
1761 
1762 void PSParallelCompact::fill_range_in_dense_prefix(HeapWord* start, HeapWord* end) {
1763 #ifdef ASSERT
1764   {
1765     assert(start < end, "precondition");
1766     assert(mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg(start, end) == end, "precondition");
1767     HeapWord* bottom = _space_info[old_space_id].space()->bottom();
1768     if (start != bottom) {
1769       // The preceding live obj.
1770       HeapWord* obj_start = mark_bitmap()->find_obj_beg_reverse(bottom, start);
1771       HeapWord* obj_end = obj_start + cast_to_oop(obj_start)->size();
1772       assert(obj_end == start, "precondition");
1773     }
1774   }
1775 #endif
1776 
1777   CollectedHeap::fill_with_objects(start, pointer_delta(end, start));
1778   HeapWord* addr = start;
1779   do {
1780     size_t size = cast_to_oop(addr)->size();
1781     start_array(old_space_id)->update_for_block(addr, addr + size);
1782     addr += size;
1783   } while (addr < end);
1784 }
1785 
1786 void PSParallelCompact::fill_dead_objs_in_dense_prefix() {
1787   ParMarkBitMap* bitmap = mark_bitmap();
1788 
1789   HeapWord* const bottom = _space_info[old_space_id].space()->bottom();
1790   HeapWord* const prefix_end = dense_prefix(old_space_id);
1791 
1792   const size_t region_size = ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
1793 
1794   // Fill dead space in [start_addr, end_addr)
1795   HeapWord* const start_addr = bottom;
1796   HeapWord* const end_addr   = prefix_end;
1797 
1798   for (HeapWord* cur_addr = start_addr; cur_addr < end_addr; /* empty */) {
1799     RegionData* cur_region_ptr = _summary_data.addr_to_region_ptr(cur_addr);
1800     if (cur_region_ptr->data_size() == region_size) {
1801       // Full; no dead space. Next region.
1802       if (_summary_data.is_region_aligned(cur_addr)) {
1803         cur_addr += region_size;
1804       } else {
1805         cur_addr = _summary_data.region_align_up(cur_addr);
1806       }
1807       continue;
1808     }
1809 
1810     // Fill dead space inside cur_region.
1811     if (_summary_data.is_region_aligned(cur_addr)) {
1812       cur_addr += cur_region_ptr->partial_obj_size();
1813     }
1814 
1815     HeapWord* region_end_addr = _summary_data.region_align_up(cur_addr + 1);
1816     assert(region_end_addr <= end_addr, "inv");
1817     while (cur_addr < region_end_addr) {
1818       // Use end_addr to allow filler-obj to cross region boundary.
1819       HeapWord* live_start = bitmap->find_obj_beg(cur_addr, end_addr);
1820       if (cur_addr != live_start) {
1821         // Found dead space [cur_addr, live_start).
1822         fill_range_in_dense_prefix(cur_addr, live_start);
1823       }
1824       if (live_start >= region_end_addr) {
1825         cur_addr = live_start;
1826         break;
1827       }
1828       assert(bitmap->is_marked(live_start), "inv");
1829       cur_addr = live_start + cast_to_oop(live_start)->size();
1830     }
1831   }
1832 }
1833 
1834 void PSParallelCompact::compact() {
1835   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, phases) tm("Compaction Phase", &_gc_timer);
1836 
1837   uint active_gc_threads = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().active_workers();
1838 
1839   initialize_shadow_regions(active_gc_threads);
1840   prepare_region_draining_tasks(active_gc_threads);
1841 
1842   {
1843     GCTraceTime(Trace, gc, phases) tm("Par Compact", &_gc_timer);
1844 
1845     FillDensePrefixAndCompactionTask task(active_gc_threads);
1846     ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().run_task(&task);
1847 
1848 #ifdef  ASSERT
1849     verify_filler_in_dense_prefix();
1850 
1851     // Verify that all regions have been processed.
1852     for (unsigned int id = old_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
1853       verify_complete(SpaceId(id));
1854     }
1855 #endif
1856   }
1857 }
1858 
1859 #ifdef  ASSERT
1860 void PSParallelCompact::verify_filler_in_dense_prefix() {
1861   HeapWord* bottom = _space_info[old_space_id].space()->bottom();
1862   HeapWord* dense_prefix_end = dense_prefix(old_space_id);
1863 
1864   const size_t region_size = ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
1865 
1866   for (HeapWord* cur_addr = bottom; cur_addr < dense_prefix_end; /* empty */) {
1867     RegionData* cur_region_ptr = _summary_data.addr_to_region_ptr(cur_addr);
1868     if (cur_region_ptr->data_size() == region_size) {
1869       // Full; no dead space. Next region.
1870       if (_summary_data.is_region_aligned(cur_addr)) {
1871         cur_addr += region_size;
1872       } else {
1873         cur_addr = _summary_data.region_align_up(cur_addr);
1874       }
1875       continue;
1876     }
1877 
1878     // This region contains filler objs.
1879     if (_summary_data.is_region_aligned(cur_addr)) {
1880       cur_addr += cur_region_ptr->partial_obj_size();
1881     }
1882 
1883     HeapWord* region_end_addr = _summary_data.region_align_up(cur_addr + 1);
1884     assert(region_end_addr <= dense_prefix_end, "inv");
1885 
1886     while (cur_addr < region_end_addr) {
1887       oop obj = cast_to_oop(cur_addr);
1888       oopDesc::verify(obj);
1889       if (!mark_bitmap()->is_marked(cur_addr)) {
1890         assert(CollectedHeap::is_filler_object(cast_to_oop(cur_addr)), "inv");
1891       }
1892       cur_addr += obj->size();
1893     }
1894   }
1895 }
1896 
1897 void PSParallelCompact::verify_complete(SpaceId space_id) {
1898   // All Regions served as compaction targets, from dense_prefix() to
1899   // new_top(), should be marked as filled and all Regions between new_top()
1900   // and top() should be available (i.e., should have been emptied).
1901   ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
1902   SpaceInfo si = _space_info[space_id];
1903   HeapWord* new_top_addr = sd.region_align_up(si.new_top());
1904   HeapWord* old_top_addr = sd.region_align_up(si.space()->top());
1905   const size_t beg_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(si.dense_prefix());
1906   const size_t new_top_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(new_top_addr);
1907   const size_t old_top_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(old_top_addr);
1908 
1909   size_t cur_region;
1910   for (cur_region = beg_region; cur_region < new_top_region; ++cur_region) {
1911     const RegionData* const c = sd.region(cur_region);
1912     assert(c->completed(), "region %zu not filled: destination_count=%u",
1913            cur_region, c->destination_count());
1914   }
1915 
1916   for (cur_region = new_top_region; cur_region < old_top_region; ++cur_region) {
1917     const RegionData* const c = sd.region(cur_region);
1918     assert(c->available(), "region %zu not empty: destination_count=%u",
1919            cur_region, c->destination_count());
1920   }
1921 }
1922 #endif  // #ifdef ASSERT
1923 
1924 // Return the SpaceId for the space containing addr.  If addr is not in the
1925 // heap, last_space_id is returned.  In debug mode it expects the address to be
1926 // in the heap and asserts such.
1927 PSParallelCompact::SpaceId PSParallelCompact::space_id(HeapWord* addr) {
1928   assert(ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->is_in_reserved(addr), "addr not in the heap");
1929 
1930   for (unsigned int id = old_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
1931     if (_space_info[id].space()->contains(addr)) {
1932       return SpaceId(id);
1933     }
1934   }
1935 
1936   assert(false, "no space contains the addr");
1937   return last_space_id;
1938 }
1939 
1940 // Skip over count live words starting from beg, and return the address of the
1941 // next live word. Callers must also ensure that there are enough live words in
1942 // the range [beg, end) to skip.
1943 HeapWord* PSParallelCompact::skip_live_words(HeapWord* beg, HeapWord* end, size_t count)
1944 {
1945   ParMarkBitMap* m = mark_bitmap();
1946   HeapWord* cur_addr = beg;
1947   while (true) {
1948     cur_addr = m->find_obj_beg(cur_addr, end);
1949     assert(cur_addr < end, "inv");
1950     size_t obj_size = cast_to_oop(cur_addr)->size();
1951     // Strictly greater-than
1952     if (obj_size > count) {
1953       return cur_addr + count;
1954     }
1955     count -= obj_size;
1956     cur_addr += obj_size;
1957   }
1958 }
1959 
1960 // On starting to fill a destination region (dest-region), we need to know the
1961 // location of the word that will be at the start of the dest-region after
1962 // compaction. A dest-region can have one or more source regions, but only the
1963 // first source-region contains this location. This location is retrieved by
1964 // calling `first_src_addr` on a dest-region.
1965 // Conversely, a source-region has a dest-region which holds the destination of
1966 // the first live word on this source-region, based on which the destination
1967 // for the rest of live words can be derived.
1968 //
1969 // Note:
1970 // There is some complication due to space-boundary-fragmentation (an obj can't
1971 // cross space-boundary) -- a source-region may be split and behave like two
1972 // distinct regions with their own dest-region, as depicted below.
1973 //
1974 // source-region: region-n
1975 //
1976 // **********************
1977 // |     A|A~~~~B|B     |
1978 // **********************
1979 //    n-1     n     n+1
1980 //
1981 // AA, BB denote two live objs. ~~~~ denotes unknown number of live objs.
1982 //
1983 // Assuming the dest-region for region-n is the final region before
1984 // old-space-end and its first-live-word is the middle of AA, the heap content
1985 // will look like the following after compaction:
1986 //
1987 // **************                  *************
1988 //      A|A~~~~ |                  |BB    |
1989 // **************                  *************
1990 //              ^                  ^
1991 //              | old-space-end    | eden-space-start
1992 //
1993 // Therefore, in this example, region-n will have two dest-regions:
1994 // 1. the final region in old-space
1995 // 2. the first region in eden-space.
1996 // To handle this special case, we introduce the concept of split-region, whose
1997 // contents are relocated to two spaces. `SplitInfo` captures all necessary
1998 // info about the split, the first part, spliting-point, and the second part.
1999 HeapWord* PSParallelCompact::first_src_addr(HeapWord* const dest_addr,
2000                                             SpaceId src_space_id,
2001                                             size_t src_region_idx)
2002 {
2003   const size_t RegionSize = ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
2004   const ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
2005   assert(sd.is_region_aligned(dest_addr), "precondition");
2006 
2007   const RegionData* const src_region_ptr = sd.region(src_region_idx);
2008   assert(src_region_ptr->data_size() > 0, "src region cannot be empty");
2009 
2010   const size_t partial_obj_size = src_region_ptr->partial_obj_size();
2011   HeapWord* const src_region_destination = src_region_ptr->destination();
2012 
2013   HeapWord* const region_start = sd.region_to_addr(src_region_idx);
2014   HeapWord* const region_end = sd.region_to_addr(src_region_idx) + RegionSize;
2015 
2016   // Identify the actual destination for the first live words on this region,
2017   // taking split-region into account.
2018   HeapWord* region_start_destination;
2019   const SplitInfo& split_info = _space_info[src_space_id].split_info();
2020   if (split_info.is_split(src_region_idx)) {
2021     // The second part of this split region; use the recorded split point.
2022     if (dest_addr == src_region_destination) {
2023       return split_info.split_point();
2024     }
2025     region_start_destination = split_info.preceding_destination();
2026   } else {
2027     region_start_destination = src_region_destination;
2028   }
2029 
2030   // Calculate the offset to be skipped
2031   size_t words_to_skip = pointer_delta(dest_addr, region_start_destination);
2032 
2033   HeapWord* result;
2034   if (partial_obj_size > words_to_skip) {
2035     result = region_start + words_to_skip;
2036   } else {
2037     words_to_skip -= partial_obj_size;
2038     result = skip_live_words(region_start + partial_obj_size, region_end, words_to_skip);
2039   }
2040 
2041   if (split_info.is_split(src_region_idx)) {
2042     assert(result < split_info.split_point(), "postcondition");
2043   } else {
2044     assert(result < region_end, "postcondition");
2045   }
2046 
2047   return result;
2048 }
2049 
2050 void PSParallelCompact::decrement_destination_counts(ParCompactionManager* cm,
2051                                                      SpaceId src_space_id,
2052                                                      size_t beg_region,
2053                                                      HeapWord* end_addr)
2054 {
2055   ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
2056 
2057 #ifdef ASSERT
2058   MutableSpace* const src_space = _space_info[src_space_id].space();
2059   HeapWord* const beg_addr = sd.region_to_addr(beg_region);
2060   assert(src_space->contains(beg_addr) || beg_addr == src_space->end(),
2061          "src_space_id does not match beg_addr");
2062   assert(src_space->contains(end_addr) || end_addr == src_space->end(),
2063          "src_space_id does not match end_addr");
2064 #endif // #ifdef ASSERT
2065 
2066   RegionData* const beg = sd.region(beg_region);
2067   RegionData* const end = sd.addr_to_region_ptr(sd.region_align_up(end_addr));
2068 
2069   // Regions up to new_top() are enqueued if they become available.
2070   HeapWord* const new_top = _space_info[src_space_id].new_top();
2071   RegionData* const enqueue_end =
2072     sd.addr_to_region_ptr(sd.region_align_up(new_top));
2073 
2074   for (RegionData* cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
2075     assert(cur->data_size() > 0, "region must have live data");
2076     cur->decrement_destination_count();
2077     if (cur < enqueue_end && cur->available() && cur->claim()) {
2078       if (cur->mark_normal()) {
2079         cm->push_region(sd.region(cur));
2080       } else if (cur->mark_copied()) {
2081         // Try to copy the content of the shadow region back to its corresponding
2082         // heap region if the shadow region is filled. Otherwise, the GC thread
2083         // fills the shadow region will copy the data back (see
2084         // MoveAndUpdateShadowClosure::complete_region).
2085         copy_back(sd.region_to_addr(cur->shadow_region()), sd.region_to_addr(cur));
2086         ParCompactionManager::push_shadow_region_mt_safe(cur->shadow_region());
2087         cur->set_completed();
2088       }
2089     }
2090   }
2091 }
2092 
2093 size_t PSParallelCompact::next_src_region(MoveAndUpdateClosure& closure,
2094                                           SpaceId& src_space_id,
2095                                           HeapWord*& src_space_top,
2096                                           HeapWord* end_addr)
2097 {
2098   ParallelCompactData& sd = PSParallelCompact::summary_data();
2099 
2100   size_t src_region_idx = 0;
2101 
2102   // Skip empty regions (if any) up to the top of the space.
2103   HeapWord* const src_aligned_up = sd.region_align_up(end_addr);
2104   RegionData* src_region_ptr = sd.addr_to_region_ptr(src_aligned_up);
2105   HeapWord* const top_aligned_up = sd.region_align_up(src_space_top);
2106   const RegionData* const top_region_ptr = sd.addr_to_region_ptr(top_aligned_up);
2107 
2108   while (src_region_ptr < top_region_ptr && src_region_ptr->data_size() == 0) {
2109     ++src_region_ptr;
2110   }
2111 
2112   if (src_region_ptr < top_region_ptr) {
2113     // Found the first non-empty region in the same space.
2114     src_region_idx = sd.region(src_region_ptr);
2115     closure.set_source(sd.region_to_addr(src_region_idx));
2116     return src_region_idx;
2117   }
2118 
2119   // Switch to a new source space and find the first non-empty region.
2120   uint space_id = src_space_id + 1;
2121   assert(space_id < last_space_id, "not enough spaces");
2122 
2123   for (/* empty */; space_id < last_space_id; ++space_id) {
2124     HeapWord* bottom = _space_info[space_id].space()->bottom();
2125     HeapWord* top = _space_info[space_id].space()->top();
2126     // Skip empty space
2127     if (bottom == top) {
2128       continue;
2129     }
2130 
2131     // Identify the first region that contains live words in this space
2132     size_t cur_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(bottom);
2133     size_t end_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(sd.region_align_up(top));
2134 
2135     for (/* empty */ ; cur_region < end_region; ++cur_region) {
2136       RegionData* cur = sd.region(cur_region);
2137       if (cur->live_obj_size() > 0) {
2138         HeapWord* region_start_addr = sd.region_to_addr(cur_region);
2139 
2140         src_space_id = SpaceId(space_id);
2141         src_space_top = top;
2142         closure.set_source(region_start_addr);
2143         return cur_region;
2144       }
2145     }
2146   }
2147 
2148   ShouldNotReachHere();
2149 }
2150 
2151 HeapWord* PSParallelCompact::partial_obj_end(HeapWord* region_start_addr) {
2152   ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
2153   assert(sd.is_region_aligned(region_start_addr), "precondition");
2154 
2155   // Use per-region partial_obj_size to locate the end of the obj, that extends
2156   // to region_start_addr.
2157   size_t start_region_idx = sd.addr_to_region_idx(region_start_addr);
2158   size_t end_region_idx = sd.region_count();
2159   size_t accumulated_size = 0;
2160   for (size_t region_idx = start_region_idx; region_idx < end_region_idx; ++region_idx) {
2161     size_t cur_partial_obj_size = sd.region(region_idx)->partial_obj_size();
2162     accumulated_size += cur_partial_obj_size;
2163     if (cur_partial_obj_size != ParallelCompactData::RegionSize) {
2164       break;
2165     }
2166   }
2167   return region_start_addr + accumulated_size;
2168 }
2169 
2170 static markWord safe_mark_word_prototype(HeapWord* cur_addr, HeapWord* end_addr) {
2171   // If the original markWord contains bits that cannot be reconstructed because
2172   // the header cannot be safely read, a placeholder is used. In this case,
2173   // the correct markWord is preserved before compaction and restored after
2174   // compaction completes.
2175   size_t remaining_words = pointer_delta(end_addr, cur_addr);
2176 
2177   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders || (Arguments::is_valhalla_enabled() && safe_to_read_header(remaining_words))) {
2178     return cast_to_oop(cur_addr)->klass()->prototype_header();
2179   } else {
2180     return markWord::prototype();
2181   }
2182 }
2183 
2184 // Use region_idx as the destination region, and evacuate all live objs on its
2185 // source regions to this destination region.
2186 void PSParallelCompact::fill_region(ParCompactionManager* cm, MoveAndUpdateClosure& closure, size_t region_idx)
2187 {
2188   ParMarkBitMap* const bitmap = mark_bitmap();
2189   ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
2190   RegionData* const region_ptr = sd.region(region_idx);
2191 
2192   // Get the source region and related info.
2193   size_t src_region_idx = region_ptr->source_region();
2194   SpaceId src_space_id = space_id(sd.region_to_addr(src_region_idx));
2195   HeapWord* src_space_top = _space_info[src_space_id].space()->top();
2196   HeapWord* dest_addr = sd.region_to_addr(region_idx);
2197 
2198   closure.set_source(first_src_addr(dest_addr, src_space_id, src_region_idx));
2199 
2200   // Adjust src_region_idx to prepare for decrementing destination counts (the
2201   // destination count is not decremented when a region is copied to itself).
2202   if (src_region_idx == region_idx) {
2203     src_region_idx += 1;
2204   }
2205 
2206   // source-region:
2207   //
2208   // **********
2209   // |   ~~~  |
2210   // **********
2211   //      ^
2212   //      |-- closure.source() / first_src_addr
2213   //
2214   //
2215   // ~~~ : live words
2216   //
2217   // destination-region:
2218   //
2219   // **********
2220   // |        |
2221   // **********
2222   // ^
2223   // |-- region-start
2224   if (bitmap->is_unmarked(closure.source())) {
2225     // An object overflows the previous destination region, so this
2226     // destination region should copy the remainder of the object or as much as
2227     // will fit.
2228     HeapWord* const old_src_addr = closure.source();
2229     {
2230       HeapWord* region_start = sd.region_align_down(closure.source());
2231       HeapWord* obj_start = bitmap->find_obj_beg_reverse(region_start, closure.source());
2232       HeapWord* obj_end;
2233       if (obj_start != closure.source()) {
2234         assert(bitmap->is_marked(obj_start), "inv");
2235         // Found the actual obj-start, try to find the obj-end using either
2236         // size() if this obj is completely contained in the current region.
2237         HeapWord* next_region_start = region_start + ParallelCompactData::RegionSize;
2238         HeapWord* partial_obj_start = (next_region_start >= src_space_top)
2239                                       ? nullptr
2240                                       : sd.addr_to_region_ptr(next_region_start)->partial_obj_addr();
2241         // This obj extends to next region iff partial_obj_addr of the *next*
2242         // region is the same as obj-start.
2243         if (partial_obj_start == obj_start) {
2244           // This obj extends to next region.
2245           obj_end = partial_obj_end(next_region_start);
2246         } else {
2247           // Completely contained in this region; safe to use size().
2248           obj_end = obj_start + cast_to_oop(obj_start)->size();
2249         }
2250       } else {
2251         // This obj extends to current region.
2252         obj_end = partial_obj_end(region_start);
2253       }
2254       size_t partial_obj_size = pointer_delta(obj_end, closure.source());
2255       closure.copy_partial_obj(partial_obj_size);
2256     }
2257 
2258     if (closure.is_full()) {
2259       decrement_destination_counts(cm, src_space_id, src_region_idx, closure.source());
2260       closure.complete_region(dest_addr, region_ptr);
2261       return;
2262     }
2263 
2264     // Finished copying without using up the current destination-region
2265     HeapWord* const end_addr = sd.region_align_down(closure.source());
2266     if (sd.region_align_down(old_src_addr) != end_addr) {
2267       assert(sd.region_align_up(old_src_addr) == end_addr, "only one region");
2268       // The partial object was copied from more than one source region.
2269       decrement_destination_counts(cm, src_space_id, src_region_idx, end_addr);
2270 
2271       // Move to the next source region, possibly switching spaces as well.  All
2272       // args except end_addr may be modified.
2273       src_region_idx = next_src_region(closure, src_space_id, src_space_top, end_addr);
2274     }
2275   }
2276 
2277   // Handle the rest obj-by-obj, where we know obj-start.
2278   do {
2279     HeapWord* cur_addr = closure.source();
2280     HeapWord* const end_addr = MIN2(sd.region_align_up(cur_addr + 1),
2281                                     src_space_top);
2282     // To handle the case where the final obj in source region extends to next region.
2283     HeapWord* final_obj_start = (end_addr == src_space_top)
2284                                 ? nullptr
2285                                 : sd.addr_to_region_ptr(end_addr)->partial_obj_addr();
2286     // Apply closure on objs inside [cur_addr, end_addr)
2287     do {
2288       cur_addr = bitmap->find_obj_beg(cur_addr, end_addr);
2289       if (cur_addr == end_addr) {
2290         break;
2291       }
2292       size_t obj_size;
2293       if (final_obj_start == cur_addr) {
2294         obj_size = pointer_delta(partial_obj_end(end_addr), cur_addr);
2295       } else {
2296         // This obj doesn't extend into next region; size() is safe to use.
2297         obj_size = cast_to_oop(cur_addr)->size();
2298       }
2299 
2300       markWord mark = safe_mark_word_prototype(cur_addr, end_addr);
2301 
2302       // Perform the move and update of the object
2303       closure.do_addr(cur_addr, obj_size, mark);
2304 
2305       cur_addr += obj_size;
2306     } while (cur_addr < end_addr && !closure.is_full());
2307 
2308     if (closure.is_full()) {
2309       decrement_destination_counts(cm, src_space_id, src_region_idx, closure.source());
2310       closure.complete_region(dest_addr, region_ptr);
2311       return;
2312     }
2313 
2314     decrement_destination_counts(cm, src_space_id, src_region_idx, end_addr);
2315 
2316     // Move to the next source region, possibly switching spaces as well.  All
2317     // args except end_addr may be modified.
2318     src_region_idx = next_src_region(closure, src_space_id, src_space_top, end_addr);
2319   } while (true);
2320 }
2321 
2322 void PSParallelCompact::fill_and_update_region(ParCompactionManager* cm, size_t region_idx)
2323 {
2324   MoveAndUpdateClosure cl(mark_bitmap(), region_idx);
2325   fill_region(cm, cl, region_idx);
2326 }
2327 
2328 void PSParallelCompact::fill_and_update_shadow_region(ParCompactionManager* cm, size_t region_idx)
2329 {
2330   // Get a shadow region first
2331   ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
2332   RegionData* const region_ptr = sd.region(region_idx);
2333   size_t shadow_region = ParCompactionManager::pop_shadow_region_mt_safe(region_ptr);
2334   // The InvalidShadow return value indicates the corresponding heap region is available,
2335   // so use MoveAndUpdateClosure to fill the normal region. Otherwise, use
2336   // MoveAndUpdateShadowClosure to fill the acquired shadow region.
2337   if (shadow_region == ParCompactionManager::InvalidShadow) {
2338     MoveAndUpdateClosure cl(mark_bitmap(), region_idx);
2339     region_ptr->shadow_to_normal();
2340     return fill_region(cm, cl, region_idx);
2341   } else {
2342     MoveAndUpdateShadowClosure cl(mark_bitmap(), region_idx, shadow_region);
2343     return fill_region(cm, cl, region_idx);
2344   }
2345 }
2346 
2347 void PSParallelCompact::copy_back(HeapWord *shadow_addr, HeapWord *region_addr)
2348 {
2349   Copy::aligned_conjoint_words(shadow_addr, region_addr, _summary_data.RegionSize);
2350 }
2351 
2352 bool PSParallelCompact::steal_unavailable_region(ParCompactionManager* cm, size_t &region_idx)
2353 {
2354   size_t next = cm->next_shadow_region();
2355   ParallelCompactData& sd = summary_data();
2356   size_t old_new_top = sd.addr_to_region_idx(_space_info[old_space_id].new_top());
2357   uint active_gc_threads = ParallelScavengeHeap::heap()->workers().active_workers();
2358 
2359   while (next < old_new_top) {
2360     if (sd.region(next)->mark_shadow()) {
2361       region_idx = next;
2362       return true;
2363     }
2364     next = cm->move_next_shadow_region_by(active_gc_threads);
2365   }
2366 
2367   return false;
2368 }
2369 
2370 // The shadow region is an optimization to address region dependencies in full GC. The basic
2371 // idea is making more regions available by temporally storing their live objects in empty
2372 // shadow regions to resolve dependencies between them and the destination regions. Therefore,
2373 // GC threads need not wait destination regions to be available before processing sources.
2374 //
2375 // A typical workflow would be:
2376 // After draining its own stack and failing to steal from others, a GC worker would pick an
2377 // unavailable region (destination count > 0) and get a shadow region. Then the worker fills
2378 // the shadow region by copying live objects from source regions of the unavailable one. Once
2379 // the unavailable region becomes available, the data in the shadow region will be copied back.
2380 // Shadow regions are empty regions in the to-space and regions between top and end of other spaces.
2381 void PSParallelCompact::initialize_shadow_regions(uint parallel_gc_threads)
2382 {
2383   const ParallelCompactData& sd = PSParallelCompact::summary_data();
2384 
2385   for (unsigned int id = old_space_id; id < last_space_id; ++id) {
2386     SpaceInfo* const space_info = _space_info + id;
2387     MutableSpace* const space = space_info->space();
2388 
2389     const size_t beg_region =
2390       sd.addr_to_region_idx(sd.region_align_up(MAX2(space_info->new_top(), space->top())));
2391     const size_t end_region =
2392       sd.addr_to_region_idx(sd.region_align_down(space->end()));
2393 
2394     for (size_t cur = beg_region; cur < end_region; ++cur) {
2395       ParCompactionManager::push_shadow_region(cur);
2396     }
2397   }
2398 
2399   size_t beg_region = sd.addr_to_region_idx(_space_info[old_space_id].dense_prefix());
2400   for (uint i = 0; i < parallel_gc_threads; i++) {
2401     ParCompactionManager *cm = ParCompactionManager::gc_thread_compaction_manager(i);
2402     cm->set_next_shadow_region(beg_region + i);
2403   }
2404 }
2405 
2406 void MoveAndUpdateClosure::copy_partial_obj(size_t partial_obj_size)
2407 {
2408   size_t words = MIN2(partial_obj_size, words_remaining());
2409 
2410   // This test is necessary; if omitted, the pointer updates to a partial object
2411   // that crosses the dense prefix boundary could be overwritten.
2412   if (source() != copy_destination()) {
2413     DEBUG_ONLY(PSParallelCompact::check_new_location(source(), destination());)
2414     Copy::aligned_conjoint_words(source(), copy_destination(), words);
2415   }
2416   update_state(words);
2417 }
2418 
2419 void MoveAndUpdateClosure::complete_region(HeapWord* dest_addr, PSParallelCompact::RegionData* region_ptr) {
2420   assert(region_ptr->shadow_state() == ParallelCompactData::RegionData::NormalRegion, "Region should be finished");
2421   region_ptr->set_completed();
2422 }
2423 
2424 void MoveAndUpdateClosure::do_addr(HeapWord* addr, size_t words, markWord mark) {
2425   assert(destination() != nullptr, "sanity");
2426   _source = addr;
2427 
2428   // The start_array must be updated even if the object is not moving.
2429   if (_start_array != nullptr) {
2430     _start_array->update_for_block(destination(), destination() + words);
2431   }
2432 
2433   // Avoid overflow
2434   words = MIN2(words, words_remaining());
2435   assert(words > 0, "inv");
2436 
2437   if (copy_destination() != source()) {
2438     DEBUG_ONLY(PSParallelCompact::check_new_location(source(), destination());)
2439     assert(source() != destination(), "inv");
2440     assert(FullGCForwarding::is_forwarded(cast_to_oop(source())), "inv");
2441     assert(FullGCForwarding::forwardee(cast_to_oop(source())) == cast_to_oop(destination()), "inv");
2442     Copy::aligned_conjoint_words(source(), copy_destination(), words);
2443     cast_to_oop(copy_destination())->set_mark(mark);
2444   }
2445 
2446   update_state(words);
2447 }
2448 
2449 void MoveAndUpdateShadowClosure::complete_region(HeapWord* dest_addr, PSParallelCompact::RegionData* region_ptr) {
2450   assert(region_ptr->shadow_state() == ParallelCompactData::RegionData::ShadowRegion, "Region should be shadow");
2451   // Record the shadow region index
2452   region_ptr->set_shadow_region(_shadow);
2453   // Mark the shadow region as filled to indicate the data is ready to be
2454   // copied back
2455   region_ptr->mark_filled();
2456   // Try to copy the content of the shadow region back to its corresponding
2457   // heap region if available; the GC thread that decreases the destination
2458   // count to zero will do the copying otherwise (see
2459   // PSParallelCompact::decrement_destination_counts).
2460   if (((region_ptr->available() && region_ptr->claim()) || region_ptr->claimed()) && region_ptr->mark_copied()) {
2461     region_ptr->set_completed();
2462     PSParallelCompact::copy_back(PSParallelCompact::summary_data().region_to_addr(_shadow), dest_addr);
2463     ParCompactionManager::push_shadow_region_mt_safe(_shadow);
2464   }
2465 }