1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  39 #include "interpreter/bootstrapInfo.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  41 #include "jvm.h"
  42 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/array.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/bsmAttribute.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/cpCache.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/oopCast.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/refArrayOop.hpp"
  63 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  76 
  77 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  78   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  79   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  80   return new (loader_data, size, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  81 }
  82 
  83 void ConstantPool::copy_fields(const ConstantPool* orig) {
  84   // Preserve dynamic constant information from the original pool
  85   if (orig->has_dynamic_constant()) {
  86     set_has_dynamic_constant();
  87   }
  88 
  89   set_major_version(orig->major_version());
  90   set_minor_version(orig->minor_version());
  91 
  92   set_source_file_name_index(orig->source_file_name_index());
  93   set_generic_signature_index(orig->generic_signature_index());
  94 }
  95 
  96 #ifdef ASSERT
  97 
  98 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  99 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
 100 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
 101   assert(tags != nullptr, "invariant");
 102   const int length = tags->length();
 103   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
 104     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
 105       return false;
 106     }
 107   }
 108   return true;
 109 }
 110 
 111 #endif
 112 
 113 ConstantPool::ConstantPool() {
 114   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "only for CDS");
 115 }
 116 
 117 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
 118   _tags(tags),
 119   _length(tags->length()) {
 120 
 121     assert(_tags != nullptr, "invariant");
 122     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
 123     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
 124     assert(0 == flags(), "invariant");
 125     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
 126     assert(nullptr == _pool_holder, "invariant");
 127 }
 128 
 129 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
 130   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 131     MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
 132     set_cache(nullptr);
 133   }
 134 
 135   MetadataFactory::free_array<Klass*>(loader_data, resolved_klasses());
 136   set_resolved_klasses(nullptr);
 137 
 138   bsm_entries().deallocate_contents(loader_data);
 139 
 140   release_C_heap_structures();
 141 
 142   // free tag array
 143   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 144   set_tags(nullptr);
 145 }
 146 
 147 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 148   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 149   unreference_symbols();
 150 }
 151 
 152 void ConstantPool::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 153   log_trace(aot)("Iter(ConstantPool): %p", this);
 154 
 155   it->push(&_tags, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 156   it->push(&_cache);
 157   it->push(&_pool_holder);
 158   it->push(&bsm_entries().offsets());
 159   it->push(&bsm_entries().bootstrap_methods());
 160   it->push(&_resolved_klasses, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 161 
 162   for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
 163     // The only MSO's embedded in the CP entries are Symbols:
 164     //   JVM_CONSTANT_String
 165     //   JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8
 166     constantTag ctag = tag_at(i);
 167     if (ctag.is_string() || ctag.is_utf8()) {
 168       it->push(symbol_at_addr(i));
 169     }
 170   }
 171 }
 172 
 173 refArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 174   return _cache->resolved_references();
 175 }
 176 
 177 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 178 // may not be present.
 179 refArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 180   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 181     return nullptr;
 182   } else {
 183     return _cache->resolved_references();
 184   }
 185 }
 186 
 187 oop ConstantPool::resolved_reference_at(int index) const {
 188   oop result = resolved_references()->obj_at(index);
 189   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(result), "Must be oop");
 190   return result;
 191 }
 192 
 193 // Use a CAS for multithreaded access
 194 oop ConstantPool::set_resolved_reference_at(int index, oop new_result) {
 195   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(new_result), "Must be oop");
 196   return oop_cast<refArrayOop>(resolved_references())->replace_if_null(index, new_result);
 197 }
 198 
 199 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 200 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 201 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 202 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 203 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 204                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 205                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 206                                                   TRAPS) {
 207   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 208   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 209   if (map_length > 0) {
 210     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 211     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 212     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 213     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 214     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 215       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 216 
 217       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 218         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 219         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 220         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 221       }
 222       set_reference_map(om);
 223     }
 224 
 225     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 226     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 227     refArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_refArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 228     HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 229     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 230     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 231 
 232     // Create a "scratch" copy of the resolved references array to archive
 233     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 234       refArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_refArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 235       HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 236     }
 237   }
 238 }
 239 
 240 void ConstantPool::allocate_resolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int num_klasses, TRAPS) {
 241   // A ConstantPool can't possibly have 0xffff valid class entries,
 242   // because entry #0 must be CONSTANT_Invalid, and each class entry must refer to a UTF8
 243   // entry for the class's name. So at most we will have 0xfffe class entries.
 244   // This allows us to use 0xffff (ConstantPool::_temp_resolved_klass_index) to indicate
 245   // UnresolvedKlass entries that are temporarily created during class redefinition.
 246   assert(num_klasses < CPKlassSlot::_temp_resolved_klass_index, "sanity");
 247   assert(resolved_klasses() == nullptr, "sanity");
 248   Array<Klass*>* rk = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(loader_data, num_klasses, CHECK);
 249   set_resolved_klasses(rk);
 250 }
 251 
 252 void ConstantPool::initialize_unresolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
 253   int len = length();
 254   int num_klasses = 0;
 255   for (int i = 1; i <len; i++) {
 256     switch (tag_at(i).value()) {
 257     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 258       {
 259         const int class_index = klass_index_at(i);
 260         unresolved_klass_at_put(i, class_index, num_klasses++);
 261       }
 262       break;
 263 #ifndef PRODUCT
 264     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 265     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 266     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 267       // All of these should have been reverted back to Unresolved before calling
 268       // this function.
 269       ShouldNotReachHere();
 270 #endif
 271     }
 272   }
 273   allocate_resolved_klasses(loader_data, num_klasses, THREAD);
 274 }
 275 
 276 // Hidden class support:
 277 void ConstantPool::klass_at_put(int class_index, Klass* k) {
 278   assert(k != nullptr, "must be valid klass");
 279   CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(class_index);
 280   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 281   Klass** adr = resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 282   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 283 
 284   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 285   // and the Klass* non-null, so we need hardware store ordering here.
 286   release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 287 }
 288 
 289 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 290 template <typename Function>
 291 void ConstantPool::iterate_archivable_resolved_references(Function function) {
 292   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 293   if (rr != nullptr && cache() != nullptr && CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 294     Array<ResolvedIndyEntry>* indy_entries = cache()->resolved_indy_entries();
 295     if (indy_entries != nullptr) {
 296       for (int i = 0; i < indy_entries->length(); i++) {
 297         ResolvedIndyEntry *rie = indy_entries->adr_at(i);
 298         if (rie->is_resolved() && AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(this, rie->constant_pool_index())) {
 299           int rr_index = rie->resolved_references_index();
 300           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 301           function(rr_index);
 302 
 303           // Save the BSM as well (sometimes the JIT looks up the BSM it for replay)
 304           int indy_cp_index = rie->constant_pool_index();
 305           int bsm_mh_cp_index = bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(indy_cp_index);
 306           int bsm_rr_index = cp_to_object_index(bsm_mh_cp_index);
 307           assert(resolved_reference_at(bsm_rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 308           function(bsm_rr_index);
 309         }
 310       }
 311     }
 312 
 313     Array<ResolvedMethodEntry>* method_entries = cache()->resolved_method_entries();
 314     if (method_entries != nullptr) {
 315       for (int i = 0; i < method_entries->length(); i++) {
 316         ResolvedMethodEntry* rme = method_entries->adr_at(i);
 317         const char* rejection_reason = nullptr;
 318         if (rme->is_resolved(Bytecodes::_invokehandle) && rme->has_appendix() &&
 319                                cache()->can_archive_resolved_method(this, rme, rejection_reason)) {
 320           int rr_index = rme->resolved_references_index();
 321           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 322           function(rr_index);
 323         }
 324       }
 325     }
 326   }
 327 }
 328 
 329 // Returns the _resolved_reference array after removing unarchivable items from it.
 330 // Returns null if this class is not supported, or _resolved_reference doesn't exist.
 331 refArrayOop ConstantPool::prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving() {
 332   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 333     return nullptr; // nothing to do
 334   }
 335 
 336   InstanceKlass *ik = pool_holder();
 337   if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(ik->class_loader_data())) {
 338     // Archiving resolved references for classes from non-builtin loaders
 339     // is not yet supported.
 340     return nullptr;
 341   }
 342 
 343   refArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 344   if (rr != nullptr) {
 345     ResourceMark rm;
 346     int rr_len = rr->length();
 347     GrowableArray<bool> keep_resolved_refs(rr_len, rr_len, false);
 348 
 349     iterate_archivable_resolved_references([&](int rr_index) {
 350       keep_resolved_refs.at_put(rr_index, true);
 351     });
 352 
 353     refArrayOop scratch_rr = HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(this);
 354     Array<u2>* ref_map = reference_map();
 355     int ref_map_len = ref_map == nullptr ? 0 : ref_map->length();
 356     for (int i = 0; i < rr_len; i++) {
 357       oop obj = rr->obj_at(i);
 358       scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, nullptr);
 359       if (obj != nullptr) {
 360         if (i < ref_map_len) {
 361           int index = object_to_cp_index(i);
 362           if (tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 363             assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(obj), "must be");
 364             if (!HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 365               scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 366             }
 367             continue;
 368           }
 369         }
 370 
 371         if (keep_resolved_refs.at(i)) {
 372           scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 373         }
 374       }
 375     }
 376     return scratch_rr;
 377   }
 378   return rr;
 379 }
 380 #endif
 381 
 382 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 383 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 384 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 385   if (!_pool_holder->is_linked() && !_pool_holder->is_rewritten()) {
 386     return;
 387   }
 388   assert(is_constantPool(), "ensure C++ vtable is restored");
 389   assert(on_stack(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 390   assert(in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 391   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 392     // See the same check in remove_unshareable_info() below.
 393     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 394     return;
 395   }
 396   assert(_cache != nullptr, "constant pool _cache should not be null");
 397 
 398   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 399   if (resolved_references() != nullptr) return;
 400 
 401   if (vmClasses::Object_klass_is_loaded()) {
 402     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 403 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 404     if (HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() &&
 405         _cache->archived_references() != nullptr) {
 406       oop archived = _cache->archived_references();
 407       // Create handle for the archived resolved reference array object
 408       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 409       Handle refs_handle(THREAD, archived);
 410       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 411       _cache->clear_archived_references();
 412     } else
 413 #endif
 414     {
 415       // No mapped archived resolved reference array
 416       // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 417       int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 418       if (map_length > 0) {
 419         objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 420         HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 421         Handle refs_handle(THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 422         set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 423       }
 424     }
 425   }
 426 
 427   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && resolved_references() != nullptr) {
 428     objArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), resolved_references()->length(), CHECK);
 429     HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 430   }
 431 }
 432 
 433 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 434   // ConstantPools in AOT cache are in the RO region, so the _flags cannot be modified.
 435   // The _on_stack flag is used to prevent ConstantPools from deallocation during
 436   // class redefinition. Since such ConstantPools cannot be deallocated anyway,
 437   // we always set _on_stack to true to avoid having to change _flags during runtime.
 438   _flags |= (_on_stack | _in_aot_cache);
 439 
 440   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 441     // This CP was created by Method::make_method_handle_intrinsic() and has nothing
 442     // that need to be removed/restored. It has no cpCache since the intrinsic methods
 443     // don't have any bytecodes.
 444     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 445     return;
 446   }
 447 
 448   bool update_resolved_reference = true;
 449   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 450     ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 451     InstanceKlass* src_holder = src_cp->pool_holder();
 452     if (src_holder->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 453       // Unregistered classes are not loaded in the AOT assembly phase. The resolved reference length
 454       // is already saved during the training run.
 455       precond(!src_holder->is_loaded());
 456       precond(resolved_reference_length() >= 0);
 457       precond(resolved_references() == nullptr);
 458       update_resolved_reference = false;
 459     }
 460   }
 461 
 462   // resolved_references(): remember its length. If it cannot be restored
 463   // from the archived heap objects at run time, we need to dynamically allocate it.
 464   if (update_resolved_reference && cache() != nullptr) {
 465     set_resolved_reference_length(
 466         resolved_references() != nullptr ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 467     set_resolved_references(OopHandle());
 468   }
 469   remove_unshareable_entries();
 470 }
 471 
 472 static const char* get_type(Klass* k) {
 473   const char* type;
 474   Klass* src_k;
 475   if (ArchiveBuilder::is_active() && ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(k)) {
 476     src_k = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(k);
 477   } else {
 478     src_k = k;
 479   }
 480 
 481   if (src_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 482     src_k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(src_k)->bottom_klass();
 483     assert(!src_k->is_objArray_klass(), "sanity");
 484     assert(src_k->is_instance_klass() || src_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "Sanity check");
 485   }
 486 
 487   if (src_k->is_typeArray_klass()) {
 488     type = "prim";
 489   } else {
 490     InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(src_k);
 491     if (src_ik->defined_by_boot_loader()) {
 492       return "boot";
 493     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_platform_loader()) {
 494       return "plat";
 495     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_app_loader()) {
 496       return "app";
 497     } else {
 498       return "unreg";
 499     }
 500   }
 501 
 502   return type;
 503 }
 504 
 505 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_entries() {
 506   ResourceMark rm;
 507   log_info(aot, resolve)("Archiving CP entries for %s", pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string());
 508   for (int cp_index = 1; cp_index < length(); cp_index++) { // cp_index 0 is unused
 509     int cp_tag = tag_at(cp_index).value();
 510     switch (cp_tag) {
 511     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 512       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, false);
 513       break;
 514     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 515       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 516       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, true);
 517       break;
 518     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 519       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle);
 520       break;
 521     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 522       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType);
 523       break;
 524     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
 525       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic);
 526       break;
 527     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 528       remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(cp_index);
 529       break;
 530     default:
 531       break;
 532     }
 533   }
 534 
 535   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 536     // cache() is null if this class is not yet linked.
 537     cache()->remove_unshareable_info();
 538   }
 539 }
 540 
 541 void ConstantPool::remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(int cp_index) {
 542   assert(ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(this), "must be");
 543   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "must be resolved");
 544 
 545   bool can_archive;
 546   Klass* k = nullptr;
 547 
 548   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 549     can_archive = false;
 550   } else {
 551     k = resolved_klass_at(cp_index);
 552     if (k == nullptr) {
 553       // We'd come here if the referenced class has been excluded via
 554       // SystemDictionaryShared::is_excluded_class(). As a result, ArchiveBuilder
 555       // has cleared the resolved_klasses()->at(...) pointer to null. Thus, we
 556       // need to revert the tag to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass.
 557       can_archive = false;
 558     } else {
 559       ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 560       can_archive = AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(src_cp, cp_index);
 561     }
 562   }
 563 
 564   if (!can_archive) {
 565     int resolved_klass_index = klass_slot_at(cp_index).resolved_klass_index();
 566     // This might be at a safepoint but do this in the right order.
 567     tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 568     resolved_klasses()->at_put(resolved_klass_index, nullptr);
 569   }
 570 
 571   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) log;
 572   if (log.is_enabled()) {
 573     ResourceMark rm;
 574     log.print("%s klass  CP entry [%3d]: %s %s",
 575               (can_archive ? "archived" : "reverted"),
 576               cp_index, pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(pool_holder()));
 577     if (can_archive) {
 578       log.print(" => %s %s%s", k->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(k),
 579                 (!k->is_instance_klass() || pool_holder()->is_subtype_of(k)) ? "" : " (not supertype)");
 580     } else {
 581       Symbol* name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
 582       log.print(" => %s", name->as_C_string());
 583     }
 584   }
 585 
 586   ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(can_archive, /*reverted=*/!can_archive);
 587 }
 588 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
 589 
 590 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 591   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 592   int i = reference_map()->find(checked_cast<u2>(cp_index));
 593   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 594   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 595 }
 596 
 597 void ConstantPool::string_at_put(int obj_index, oop str) {
 598   oop result = set_resolved_reference_at(obj_index, str);
 599   assert(result == nullptr || result == str, "Only set once or to the same string.");
 600 }
 601 
 602 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k) {
 603   ResourceMark rm;
 604   int line_number = -1;
 605   const char * source_file = nullptr;
 606   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 607     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 608     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 609     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 610       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 611       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 612       if (s != nullptr) {
 613         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 614       }
 615     }
 616   }
 617   if (k != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 618     // only print something if the classes are different
 619     if (source_file != nullptr) {
 620       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d",
 621                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 622                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 623     } else {
 624       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s",
 625                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 626                  k->external_name());
 627     }
 628   }
 629 }
 630 
 631 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
 632                                    TRAPS) {
 633   JavaThread* javaThread = THREAD;
 634 
 635   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 636   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 637   // the entry and tag is not updated atomically.
 638   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(cp_index);
 639   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 640   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 641   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 642 
 643   // The tag must be JVM_CONSTANT_Class in order to read the correct value from
 644   // the unresolved_klasses() array.
 645   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass()) {
 646     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 647     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 648     return klass;
 649   }
 650 
 651   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 652   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 653     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 654     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 655     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 656     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 657     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 658     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 659     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 660     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 661     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 662     ShouldNotReachHere();
 663   }
 664 
 665   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 666   Handle mirror_handle;
 667   Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 668   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 669 
 670   Klass* k;
 671   {
 672     // Turn off the single stepping while doing class resolution
 673     JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 674     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, true, THREAD);
 675   } //  JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 676 
 677   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 678     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 679     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k->java_mirror());
 680     // Do access check for klasses
 681     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 682   }
 683 
 684 #ifdef DEBUG
 685   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION && k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 686     Klass* bottom_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
 687     assert(bottom_klass != nullptr, "Should be set");
 688     assert(bottom_klass->is_instance_klass() || bottom_klass->is_typeArray_klass(), "Sanity check");
 689   }
 690 #endif
 691 
 692   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 693   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 694   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 695     save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 696     // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 697     // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 698     // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 699     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 700     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 701     return klass;
 702   }
 703 
 704   // logging for class+resolve.
 705   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)){
 706     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 707   }
 708 
 709   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 710   // and the Klass* stored in _resolved_klasses is non-null, so we need
 711   // hardware store ordering here.
 712   // We also need to CAS to not overwrite an error from a racing thread.
 713   Klass** adr = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 714   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 715 
 716   jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
 717                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass,
 718                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 719 
 720   // We need to recheck exceptions from racing thread and return the same.
 721   if (old_tag == JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError) {
 722     // Remove klass.
 723     AtomicAccess::store(adr, (Klass*)nullptr);
 724     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 725   }
 726 
 727   return k;
 728 }
 729 
 730 
 731 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 732 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 733 // instanceof operations. Returns null if the class has not been loaded or
 734 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 735 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 736   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(which);
 737   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 738   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 739   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 740 
 741   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass()) {
 742     Klass* k = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 743     assert(k != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 744     return k;
 745   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 746     return nullptr;
 747   } else {
 748     Thread* current = Thread::current();
 749     HandleMark hm(current);
 750     Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 751     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 752     Handle h_loader (current, loader);
 753     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, name, h_loader);
 754 
 755     // Avoid constant pool verification at a safepoint, as it takes the Module_lock.
 756     if (k != nullptr && current->is_Java_thread()) {
 757       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 758       JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::cast(current); // For exception macros.
 759       ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
 760       // return null if verification fails
 761       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 762       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 763         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 764         return nullptr;
 765       }
 766       return k;
 767     } else {
 768       return k;
 769     }
 770   }
 771 }
 772 
 773 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 774                                                    int which) {
 775   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 776   if (!(which >= 0 && which < cpool->resolved_method_entries_length())) {
 777     // FIXME: should be an assert
 778     log_debug(class, resolve)("bad BSM %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 779     return nullptr;
 780   }
 781   return cpool->cache()->method_if_resolved(which);
 782 }
 783 
 784 
 785 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 786   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 787   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 788     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 789   } else {
 790     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 791   }
 792 }
 793 
 794 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 795   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 796   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 797     return cpool->resolved_reference_from_indy(which);
 798   } else {
 799     return cpool->cache()->appendix_if_resolved(which);
 800   }
 801 }
 802 
 803 
 804 bool ConstantPool::has_local_signature_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 805   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 806   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 807     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 808   } else {
 809     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 810   }
 811 }
 812 
 813 // Translate index, which could be CPCache index or Indy index, to a constant pool index
 814 int ConstantPool::to_cp_index(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 815   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 816   switch(code) {
 817     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 818       return invokedynamic_bootstrap_ref_index_at(index);
 819     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 820     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 821     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 822     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 823       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 824     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 825     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 826     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 827     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 828     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 829     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 830       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 831     default:
 832       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 833   }
 834 }
 835 
 836 bool ConstantPool::is_resolved(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 837   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 838   switch(code) {
 839     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 840       return resolved_indy_entry_at(index)->is_resolved();
 841 
 842     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 843     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 844     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 845     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 846       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 847 
 848     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 849     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 850     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 851     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 852     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 853     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 854       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 855 
 856     default:
 857       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 858   }
 859 }
 860 
 861 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int cp_index)  {
 862   if (tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap()) {
 863     u2 pool_index = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 864     assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 865     return pool_index;
 866   }
 867   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 868   assert(!tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap(), "Must be handled above");
 869   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 870   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 871 }
 872 
 873 u2 ConstantPool::name_and_type_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 874   return uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 875 }
 876 
 877 constantTag ConstantPool::tag_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 878   // which may be either a Constant Pool index or a rewritten index
 879   int pool_index = which;
 880   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 881   pool_index = to_cp_index(which, code);
 882   return tag_at(pool_index);
 883 }
 884 
 885 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 886   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 887   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 888   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 889 }
 890 
 891 u2 ConstantPool::klass_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 892   assert(code != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic,
 893             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 894   return uncached_klass_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 895 }
 896 
 897 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 898   if (!(k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass())) {
 899     return;  // short cut, typeArray klass is always accessible
 900   }
 901   Klass* holder = this_cp->pool_holder();
 902   LinkResolver::check_klass_accessibility(holder, k, CHECK);
 903 }
 904 
 905 
 906 u2 ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 907   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 908   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 909 }
 910 
 911 
 912 u2 ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 913   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 914   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 915 }
 916 
 917 
 918 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code, TRAPS) {
 919   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which, code), THREAD);
 920 }
 921 
 922 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int cp_index) const {
 923   return symbol_at(klass_slot_at(cp_index).name_index());
 924 }
 925 
 926 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 927   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which, code);
 928   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 929 }
 930 
 931 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 932   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 933   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 934 }
 935 
 936 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 937   return unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
 938 }
 939 
 940 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int cp_index) const {
 941   return Signature::basic_type(symbol_at(cp_index));
 942 }
 943 
 944 
 945 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 946   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 947     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 948       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 949     }
 950   }
 951 }
 952 
 953 static const char* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 954   // Note: caller needs ResourceMark
 955 
 956   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 957   const char* msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(pending_exception);
 958   if (msg != nullptr) {
 959     return msg;
 960   }
 961 
 962   Symbol* message = nullptr;
 963   // Return specific message for the tag
 964   switch (tag.value()) {
 965   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 966     // return the class name in the error message
 967     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 968     break;
 969   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 970     // return the method handle name in the error message
 971     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 972     break;
 973   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 974     // return the method type signature in the error message
 975     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 976     break;
 977   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
 978     // return the name of the condy in the error message
 979     message = this_cp->uncached_name_ref_at(which);
 980     break;
 981   default:
 982     ShouldNotReachHere();
 983   }
 984 
 985   return message != nullptr ? message->as_C_string() : nullptr;
 986 }
 987 
 988 static void add_resolution_error(JavaThread* current, const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 989                                  constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 990 
 991   ResourceMark rm(current);
 992   Symbol* error = pending_exception->klass()->name();
 993   oop cause = java_lang_Throwable::cause(pending_exception);
 994 
 995   // Also dig out the exception cause, if present.
 996   Symbol* cause_sym = nullptr;
 997   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
 998   if (cause != nullptr && cause != pending_exception) {
 999     cause_sym = cause->klass()->name();
1000     cause_msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(cause);
1001   }
1002 
1003   const char* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, pending_exception);
1004   SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message, cause_sym, cause_msg);
1005 }
1006 
1007 
1008 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
1009   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1010   const char* message = nullptr;
1011   Symbol* cause = nullptr;
1012   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
1013   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message, &cause, &cause_msg);
1014   assert(error != nullptr, "checking");
1015 
1016   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1017   if (message != nullptr) {
1018     if (cause != nullptr) {
1019       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1020       THROW_MSG_CAUSE(error, message, h_cause);
1021     } else {
1022       THROW_MSG(error, message);
1023     }
1024   } else {
1025     if (cause != nullptr) {
1026       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1027       THROW_CAUSE(error, h_cause);
1028     } else {
1029       THROW(error);
1030     }
1031   }
1032 }
1033 
1034 // If resolution for Class, Dynamic constant, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the
1035 // exception in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
1036 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1037                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
1038 
1039   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
1040 
1041   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
1042     is_a(vmClasses::LinkageError_klass())) {
1043     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
1044     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
1045     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
1046     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
1047   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).value() != error_tag) {
1048     add_resolution_error(THREAD, this_cp, cp_index, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
1049     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
1050     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
1051     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
1052     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
1053     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
1054     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
1055     jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
1056                                           (jbyte)tag.value(),
1057                                           (jbyte)error_tag);
1058     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
1059       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
1060       assert(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
1061       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
1062       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1063     }
1064   } else {
1065     // some other thread put this in error state
1066     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK);
1067   }
1068 }
1069 
1070 constantTag ConstantPool::constant_tag_at(int cp_index) {
1071   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1072   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant()) {
1073     BasicType bt = basic_type_for_constant_at(cp_index);
1074     return constantTag(constantTag::type2tag(bt));
1075   }
1076   return tag;
1077 }
1078 
1079 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_constant_at(int cp_index) {
1080   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1081   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant() ||
1082       tag.is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
1083     // have to look at the signature for this one
1084     Symbol* constant_type = uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1085     return Signature::basic_type(constant_type);
1086   }
1087   return tag.basic_type();
1088 }
1089 
1090 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
1091 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
1092 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
1093 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp,
1094                                            int cp_index, int cache_index,
1095                                            bool* status_return, TRAPS) {
1096   oop result_oop = nullptr;
1097 
1098   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
1099     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
1100     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
1101     // FIXME: If bootstrap specifiers stress this code, consider putting in
1102     // a reverse index.  Binary search over a short array should do it.
1103     assert(cp_index > 0, "valid constant pool index");
1104     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(cp_index);
1105   }
1106   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
1107   assert(cp_index == _no_index_sentinel || cp_index >= 0, "");
1108 
1109   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1110     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(cache_index);
1111     if (result_oop != nullptr) {
1112       if (result_oop == Universe::the_null_sentinel()) {
1113         DEBUG_ONLY(int temp_index = (cp_index >= 0 ? cp_index : this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index)));
1114         assert(this_cp->tag_at(temp_index).is_dynamic_constant(), "only condy uses the null sentinel");
1115         result_oop = nullptr;
1116       }
1117       if (status_return != nullptr)  (*status_return) = true;
1118       return result_oop;
1119       // That was easy...
1120     }
1121     cp_index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
1122   }
1123 
1124   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
1125 
1126   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(cp_index);
1127 
1128   if (status_return != nullptr) {
1129     // don't trigger resolution if the constant might need it
1130     switch (tag.value()) {
1131     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1132       assert(this_cp->resolved_klass_at(cp_index) != nullptr, "must be resolved");
1133       break;
1134     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1135     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1136     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1137     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1138     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1139       // these guys trigger OOM at worst
1140       break;
1141     default:
1142       (*status_return) = false;
1143       return nullptr;
1144     }
1145     // from now on there is either success or an OOME
1146     (*status_return) = true;
1147   }
1148 
1149   switch (tag.value()) {
1150 
1151   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1152   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1153     {
1154       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1155       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1156       // ldc wants the java mirror.
1157       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
1158       break;
1159     }
1160 
1161   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1162     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_time(),
1163                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_count());
1164 
1165       // Resolve the Dynamically-Computed constant to invoke the BSM in order to obtain the resulting oop.
1166       BootstrapInfo bootstrap_specifier(this_cp, cp_index);
1167 
1168       // The initial step in resolving an unresolved symbolic reference to a
1169       // dynamically-computed constant is to resolve the symbolic reference to a
1170       // method handle which will be the bootstrap method for the dynamically-computed
1171       // constant. If resolution of the java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle for the bootstrap
1172       // method fails, then a MethodHandleInError is stored at the corresponding
1173       // bootstrap method's CP index for the CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info. No need to
1174       // set a DynamicConstantInError here since any subsequent use of this
1175       // bootstrap method will encounter the resolution of MethodHandleInError.
1176       // Both the first, (resolution of the BSM and its static arguments), and the second tasks,
1177       // (invocation of the BSM), of JVMS Section 5.4.3.6 occur within invoke_bootstrap_method()
1178       // for the bootstrap_specifier created above.
1179       SystemDictionary::invoke_bootstrap_method(bootstrap_specifier, THREAD);
1180       Exceptions::wrap_dynamic_exception(/* is_indy */ false, THREAD);
1181       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1182         // Resolution failure of the dynamically-computed constant, save_and_throw_exception
1183         // will check for a LinkageError and store a DynamicConstantInError.
1184         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1185       }
1186       result_oop = bootstrap_specifier.resolved_value()();
1187       BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(bootstrap_specifier.signature());
1188       if (!is_reference_type(type)) {
1189         // Make sure the primitive value is properly boxed.
1190         // This is a JDK responsibility.
1191         const char* fail = nullptr;
1192         if (result_oop == nullptr) {
1193           fail = "null result instead of box";
1194         } else if (!is_java_primitive(type)) {
1195           // FIXME: support value types via unboxing
1196           fail = "can only handle references and primitives";
1197         } else if (!java_lang_boxing_object::is_instance(result_oop, type)) {
1198           fail = "primitive is not properly boxed";
1199         }
1200         if (fail != nullptr) {
1201           // Since this exception is not a LinkageError, throw exception
1202           // but do not save a DynamicInError resolution result.
1203           // See section 5.4.3 of the VM spec.
1204           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), fail);
1205         }
1206       }
1207 
1208       LogTarget(Debug, methodhandles, condy) lt_condy;
1209       if (lt_condy.is_enabled()) {
1210         LogStream ls(lt_condy);
1211         bootstrap_specifier.print_msg_on(&ls, "resolve_constant_at_impl");
1212       }
1213       break;
1214     }
1215 
1216   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1217     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
1218     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
1219     break;
1220 
1221   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1222     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_time(),
1223                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_count());
1224 
1225       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index);
1226       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(cp_index);
1227       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(cp_index);
1228       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1229       constantTag m_tag  = this_cp->tag_at(this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
1230       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1231         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
1232                               ref_kind, cp_index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index),
1233                               callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
1234       }
1235 
1236       Klass* callee = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, THREAD);
1237       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1238         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1239       }
1240 
1241       // Check constant pool method consistency
1242       if ((callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_method()) ||
1243           (!callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_interface_method())) {
1244         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1245         stringStream ss;
1246         ss.print("Inconsistent constant pool data in classfile for class %s. "
1247                  "Method '", callee->name()->as_C_string());
1248         signature->print_as_signature_external_return_type(&ss);
1249         ss.print(" %s(", name->as_C_string());
1250         signature->print_as_signature_external_parameters(&ss);
1251         ss.print(")' at index %d is %s and should be %s",
1252                  cp_index,
1253                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_MethodRef" : "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef",
1254                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef" : "CONSTANT_MethodRef");
1255         // Names are all known to be < 64k so we know this formatted message is not excessively large.
1256         Exceptions::fthrow(THREAD_AND_LOCATION, vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), "%s", ss.as_string());
1257         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1258       }
1259 
1260       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1261       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1262       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
1263                                                                    callee, name, signature,
1264                                                                    THREAD);
1265       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1266         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1267       }
1268       result_oop = value();
1269       break;
1270     }
1271 
1272   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1273     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_time(),
1274                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_count());
1275 
1276       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(cp_index);
1277       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1278         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
1279                               cp_index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(cp_index),
1280                               signature->as_C_string());
1281       }
1282       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1283       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1284       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
1285       result_oop = value();
1286       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1287         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1288       }
1289       break;
1290     }
1291 
1292   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1293     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1294     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(cp_index);
1295     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1296     break;
1297 
1298   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1299     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1300     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(cp_index);
1301     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1302     break;
1303 
1304   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1305     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1306     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(cp_index);
1307     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1308     break;
1309 
1310   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1311     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1312     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(cp_index);
1313     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1314     break;
1315 
1316   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1317   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1318   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1319   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1320     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1321     break;
1322 
1323   default:
1324     fatal("unexpected constant tag at CP %p[%d/%d] = %d", this_cp(), cp_index, cache_index, tag.value());
1325     break;
1326   }
1327 
1328   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1329     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
1330     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
1331     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
1332     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
1333     oop new_result = (result_oop == nullptr ? Universe::the_null_sentinel() : result_oop);
1334     oop old_result = this_cp->set_resolved_reference_at(cache_index, new_result);
1335     if (old_result == nullptr) {
1336       return result_oop;  // was installed
1337     } else {
1338       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
1339       // the result here for MethodHandles.
1340       if (old_result == Universe::the_null_sentinel())
1341         old_result = nullptr;
1342       return old_result;
1343     }
1344   } else {
1345     assert(result_oop != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1346     return result_oop;
1347   }
1348 }
1349 
1350 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int cp_index, TRAPS) {
1351   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1352   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1353   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1354   return str;
1355 }
1356 
1357 void ConstantPool::copy_bootstrap_arguments_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1358                                                     int start_arg, int end_arg,
1359                                                     refArrayHandle info, int pos,
1360                                                     bool must_resolve, Handle if_not_available,
1361                                                     TRAPS) {
1362   int limit = pos + end_arg - start_arg;
1363   // checks: cp_index in range [0..this_cp->length),
1364   // tag at cp_index, start..end in range [0..this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count],
1365   // info array non-null, pos..limit in [0..info.length]
1366   if ((0 >= cp_index    || cp_index >= this_cp->length())  ||
1367       !(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_invoke_dynamic()    ||
1368         this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_dynamic_constant()) ||
1369       (0 > start_arg || start_arg > end_arg) ||
1370       (end_arg > this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index)) ||
1371       (0 > pos       || pos > limit)         ||
1372       (info.is_null() || limit > info->length())) {
1373     // An index or something else went wrong; throw an error.
1374     // Since this is an internal API, we don't expect this,
1375     // so we don't bother to craft a nice message.
1376     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "bad BSM argument access");
1377   }
1378   // now we can loop safely
1379   int info_i = pos;
1380   for (int i = start_arg; i < end_arg; i++) {
1381     int arg_index = this_cp->bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, i);
1382     oop arg_oop;
1383     if (must_resolve) {
1384       arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK);
1385     } else {
1386       bool found_it = false;
1387       arg_oop = this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK);
1388       if (!found_it)  arg_oop = if_not_available();
1389     }
1390     info->obj_at_put(info_i++, arg_oop);
1391   }
1392 }
1393 
1394 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
1395   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
1396   oop str = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(obj_index);
1397   assert(str != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1398   if (str != nullptr) return str;
1399   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1400   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1401   this_cp->string_at_put(obj_index, str);
1402   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1403   return str;
1404 }
1405 
1406 
1407 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(const InstanceKlass* k, int cp_index) {
1408   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
1409   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
1410   return (cp_name == k->name());
1411 }
1412 
1413 
1414 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
1415 // This is done during GC.
1416 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Strings point to
1417 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
1418 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
1419   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1420     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
1421     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1422       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
1423     }
1424   }
1425 }
1426 
1427 
1428 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
1429 // cp2's entry at index2.
1430 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
1431        int index2) {
1432 
1433   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
1434   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
1435   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
1436 
1437   // Some classes are pre-resolved (like Throwable) which may lead to
1438   // consider it as a different entry. We then revert them back temporarily
1439   // to ensure proper comparison.
1440   if (t1 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1441     t1 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1442   }
1443   if (t2 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1444     t2 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1445   }
1446 
1447   if (t1 != t2) {
1448     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
1449     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
1450     // class pairs as different.
1451     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
1452     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
1453     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
1454     return false;
1455   }
1456 
1457   switch (t1) {
1458   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1459   {
1460     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
1461     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
1462     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1463       return true;
1464     }
1465   } break;
1466 
1467   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1468   {
1469     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
1470     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
1471     if (d1 == d2) {
1472       return true;
1473     }
1474   } break;
1475 
1476   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1477   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1478   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1479   {
1480     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
1481     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
1482     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2);
1483     if (match) {
1484       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1485       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1486       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1487         return true;
1488       }
1489     }
1490   } break;
1491 
1492   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1493   {
1494     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
1495     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
1496     if (f1 == f2) {
1497       return true;
1498     }
1499   } break;
1500 
1501   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1502   {
1503     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
1504     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
1505     if (i1 == i2) {
1506       return true;
1507     }
1508   } break;
1509 
1510   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1511   {
1512     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
1513     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
1514     if (l1 == l2) {
1515       return true;
1516     }
1517   } break;
1518 
1519   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1520   {
1521     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
1522     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
1523     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1524       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
1525       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
1526       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1527         return true;
1528       }
1529     }
1530   } break;
1531 
1532   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1533   {
1534     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
1535     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
1536     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1537       return true;
1538     }
1539   } break;
1540 
1541   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1542   {
1543     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
1544     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
1545     if (k1 == k2) {
1546       return true;
1547     }
1548   } break;
1549 
1550   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1551   {
1552     int k1 = method_type_index_at(index1);
1553     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at(index2);
1554     if (compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2)) {
1555       return true;
1556     }
1557   } break;
1558 
1559   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1560   {
1561     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at(index1);
1562     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index2);
1563     if (k1 == k2) {
1564       int i1 = method_handle_index_at(index1);
1565       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at(index2);
1566       if (compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2)) {
1567         return true;
1568       }
1569     }
1570   } break;
1571 
1572   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1573   {
1574     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1575     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1576     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1577     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1578     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1579     bool match_bsm = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1580     return (match_entry && match_bsm);
1581   } break;
1582 
1583   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1584   {
1585     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1586     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1587     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1588     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1589     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1590     bool match_bsm = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1591     return (match_entry && match_bsm);
1592   } break;
1593 
1594   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1595   {
1596     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1597     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1598     if (s1 == s2) {
1599       return true;
1600     }
1601   } break;
1602 
1603   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1604   {
1605     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1606     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1607     if (s1 == s2) {
1608       return true;
1609     }
1610   } break;
1611 
1612   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1613   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1614   // not be seen by itself.
1615   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1616 
1617   default:
1618     ShouldNotReachHere();
1619     break;
1620   }
1621 
1622   return false;
1623 } // end compare_entry_to()
1624 
1625 // Extend the BSMAttributeEntries with the length and size of the ext_cp BSMAttributeEntries.
1626 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1627 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
1628 ConstantPool::start_extension(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1629   BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator iter =
1630     bsm_entries().start_extension(ext_cp->bsm_entries(), pool_holder()->class_loader_data(),
1631                                   CHECK_(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator()));
1632   return iter;
1633 }
1634 
1635 
1636 void ConstantPool::end_extension(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator iter, TRAPS) {
1637   bsm_entries().end_extension(iter, pool_holder()->class_loader_data(), THREAD);
1638 }
1639 
1640 
1641 void ConstantPool::copy_bsm_entries(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1642                                     const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1643                                     TRAPS) {
1644   to_cp->bsm_entries().append(from_cp->bsm_entries(),
1645                               to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data(),
1646                               THREAD);
1647 }
1648 
1649 
1650 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1651 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1652 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1653 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1654        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1655 
1656 
1657   int dest_cpi = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1658 
1659   for (int src_cpi = start_i; src_cpi <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1660     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_cpi, to_cp, dest_cpi);
1661 
1662     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_cpi).value()) {
1663     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1664     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1665       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1666       src_cpi += 2;
1667       dest_cpi += 2;
1668       break;
1669 
1670     default:
1671       // all others take one constant pool entry
1672       src_cpi++;
1673       dest_cpi++;
1674       break;
1675     }
1676   }
1677   copy_bsm_entries(from_cp, to_cp, THREAD);
1678 
1679 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1680 
1681 
1682 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1683 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1684 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1685                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i) {
1686 
1687   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1688   switch (tag) {
1689   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1690   {
1691     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1692     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1693   } break;
1694 
1695   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1696   {
1697     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1698     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1699     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1700     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1701   } break;
1702 
1703   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1704   {
1705     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1706     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1707     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1708   } break;
1709 
1710   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1711   {
1712     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1713     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1714   } break;
1715 
1716   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1717   {
1718     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1719     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1720   } break;
1721 
1722   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1723   {
1724     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1725     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1726     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1727   } break;
1728 
1729   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1730   {
1731     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1732     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1733     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1734     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1735   } break;
1736 
1737   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1738   {
1739     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1740     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1741     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1742   } break;
1743 
1744   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1745   {
1746     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1747     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1748     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1749   } break;
1750 
1751   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1752   {
1753     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1754     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1755   } break;
1756 
1757   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1758   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1759   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1760   {
1761     // Revert to JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex
1762     int name_index = from_cp->klass_slot_at(from_i).name_index();
1763     assert(from_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
1764     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, name_index);
1765   } break;
1766 
1767   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1768   {
1769     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1770     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1771   } break;
1772 
1773   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1774   {
1775     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1776     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1777     s->increment_refcount();
1778     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1779   } break;
1780 
1781   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1782   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1783   {
1784     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at(from_i);
1785     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1786   } break;
1787 
1788   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1789   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1790   {
1791     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(from_i);
1792     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at(from_i);
1793     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1794   } break;
1795 
1796   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1797   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1798   {
1799     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1800     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1801     k1 += to_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();  // to_cp might already have a BSM attribute
1802     to_cp->dynamic_constant_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1803   } break;
1804 
1805   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1806   {
1807     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1808     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1809     k1 += to_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();  // to_cp might already have a BSM attribute
1810     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1811   } break;
1812 
1813   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1814   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1815   // not be seen by itself.
1816   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1817 
1818   default:
1819   {
1820     ShouldNotReachHere();
1821   } break;
1822   }
1823 } // end copy_entry_to()
1824 
1825 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1826 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1827 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1828 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1829       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp) {
1830 
1831   // index zero (0) is not used
1832   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1833     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1834     if (found) {
1835       return i;
1836     }
1837   }
1838 
1839   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1840 } // end find_matching_entry()
1841 
1842 
1843 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1844 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1845 bool ConstantPool::compare_bootstrap_entry_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2) {
1846   const BSMAttributeEntry* const e1 = bsm_attribute_entry(idx1);
1847   const BSMAttributeEntry* const e2 = cp2->bsm_attribute_entry(idx2);
1848   int k1 = e1->bootstrap_method_index();
1849   int k2 = e2->bootstrap_method_index();
1850   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1851 
1852   if (!match) {
1853     return false;
1854   }
1855 
1856   const int argc = e1->argument_count();
1857   if (argc != e2->argument_count()) {
1858     return false;
1859   }
1860 
1861   for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1862     k1 = e1->argument(j);
1863     k2 = e2->argument(j);
1864     match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1865     if (!match) {
1866       return false;
1867     }
1868   }
1869 
1870   return true; // got through loop; all elements equal
1871 } // end compare_bootstrap_entry_to()
1872 
1873 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1874 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier data at pattern_i index.
1875 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap attribute record or (-1) if there is no match.
1876 int ConstantPool::find_matching_bsm_entry(int pattern_i,
1877                                           const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int offset_limit) {
1878   for (int i = 0; i < offset_limit; i++) {
1879     bool found = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1880     if (found) {
1881       return i;
1882     }
1883   }
1884   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier data not found; return unused index (-1)
1885 } // end find_matching_bsm_entry()
1886 
1887 
1888 #ifndef PRODUCT
1889 
1890 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int cp_index) {
1891 
1892   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1893 
1894   if (tag.is_string()) {
1895     return string_at_noresolve(cp_index);
1896   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1897     return klass_name_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1898   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1899     return symbol_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1900   }
1901   return "";
1902 }
1903 
1904 #endif // PRODUCT
1905 
1906 
1907 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1908 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1909   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1910     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1911     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1912       return 1;
1913 
1914     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1915       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1916 
1917     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1918     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1919     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1920     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1921     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1922     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1923     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1924     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1925       return 3;
1926 
1927     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1928     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1929       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1930 
1931     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1932     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1933     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1934     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1935     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1936     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1937       return 5;
1938 
1939     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1940     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1941     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1942       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1943       return 5;
1944 
1945     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1946     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1947       return 9;
1948   }
1949   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1950   return 1;
1951 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1952 
1953 
1954 // SymbolHash is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1955 // This function fills in SymbolHashs, one for utf8s and one for
1956 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1957 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHash *symmap,
1958                                    SymbolHash *classmap) {
1959   jint size = 0;
1960 
1961   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1962     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1963     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1964 
1965     switch(tag) {
1966       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1967         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1968         symmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
1969         break;
1970       }
1971       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1972       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1973       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1974         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1975         classmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
1976         break;
1977       }
1978       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1979       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1980         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1981         break;
1982       }
1983     }
1984   }
1985   return size;
1986 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1987 
1988 
1989 // Copy cpool bytes.
1990 // Returns:
1991 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1992 //   -1, in case of internal error
1993 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1994 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1995                                    SymbolHash* tbl,
1996                                    unsigned char *bytes) {
1997   u2   idx1, idx2;
1998   jint size  = 0;
1999   jint cnt   = length();
2000   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
2001 
2002   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
2003     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
2004     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
2005 
2006     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2007 
2008     *bytes = tag;
2009     switch(tag) {
2010       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
2011         break;
2012       }
2013       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
2014         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
2015         break;
2016       }
2017       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2018         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2019         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
2020         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
2021         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
2022         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
2023         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
2024             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
2025         }
2026         break;
2027       }
2028       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
2029         jint val = int_at(idx);
2030         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2031         break;
2032       }
2033       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
2034         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
2035         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2036         break;
2037       }
2038       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
2039         jlong val = long_at(idx);
2040         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2041         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
2042         break;
2043       }
2044       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2045         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
2046         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2047         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
2048         break;
2049       }
2050       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2051       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2052       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2053         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2054         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2055         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2056         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2057         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2058         break;
2059       }
2060       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
2061         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2062         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
2063         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2064         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2065         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2066         break;
2067       }
2068       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2069       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2070       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
2071         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
2072         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
2073         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2074         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2075         break;
2076       }
2077       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
2078         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
2079         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
2080         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2081         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2082         break;
2083       }
2084       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2085         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2086         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(klass_index_at(idx));
2087         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2088         break;
2089       }
2090       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
2091         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2092         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(string_index_at(idx));
2093         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2094         break;
2095       }
2096       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2097       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
2098         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
2099         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at(idx);
2100         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_handle_index_at(idx));
2101         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
2102         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
2103         break;
2104       }
2105       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2106       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
2107         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
2108         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_type_index_at(idx));
2109         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2110         break;
2111       }
2112       case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2113       case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError: {
2114         *bytes = tag;
2115         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2116         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2117         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2118         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2119         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2120         break;
2121       }
2122       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
2123         *bytes = tag;
2124         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2125         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2126         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2127         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2128         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2129         break;
2130       }
2131     }
2132     bytes += ent_size;
2133     size  += ent_size;
2134   }
2135   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2136 
2137   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
2138 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
2139 
2140 bool ConstantPool::is_maybe_on_stack() const {
2141   // This method uses the similar logic as nmethod::is_maybe_on_stack()
2142   if (!Continuations::enabled()) {
2143     return false;
2144   }
2145 
2146   // If the condition below is true, it means that the nmethod was found to
2147   // be alive the previous completed marking cycle.
2148   return cache()->gc_epoch() >= CodeCache::previous_completed_gc_marking_cycle();
2149 }
2150 
2151 // For redefinition, if any methods found in loom stack chunks, the gc_epoch is
2152 // recorded in their constant pool cache. The on_stack-ness of the constant pool controls whether
2153 // memory for the method is reclaimed.
2154 bool ConstantPool::on_stack() const {
2155   if ((_flags &_on_stack) != 0) {
2156     return true;
2157   }
2158 
2159   if (_cache == nullptr) {
2160     return false;
2161   }
2162 
2163   return is_maybe_on_stack();
2164 }
2165 
2166 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
2167   if (value) {
2168     // Only record if it's not already set.
2169     if (!on_stack()) {
2170       assert(!in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
2171       _flags |= _on_stack;
2172       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
2173     }
2174   } else {
2175     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
2176     if (!in_aot_cache()) {
2177       _flags &= (u2)(~_on_stack);
2178     }
2179   }
2180 }
2181 
2182 // Printing
2183 
2184 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
2185   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2186   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
2187   if (flags() != 0) {
2188     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
2189     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
2190     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
2191     st->cr();
2192   }
2193   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2194     st->print_cr(" - holder: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
2195   }
2196   st->print_cr(" - cache: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2197   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references_or_null()));
2198   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
2199   st->print_cr(" - resolved_klasses: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_klasses()));
2200   st->print_cr(" - cp length: %d", length());
2201 
2202   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
2203     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
2204     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
2205       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2206       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2207         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
2208     }
2209 
2210   }
2211   st->cr();
2212 }
2213 
2214 // Print one constant pool entry
2215 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int cp_index, outputStream* st) {
2216   EXCEPTION_MARK;
2217   st->print(" - %3d : ", cp_index);
2218   tag_at(cp_index).print_on(st);
2219   st->print(" : ");
2220   switch (tag_at(cp_index).value()) {
2221     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
2222       { Klass* k = klass_at(cp_index, CATCH);
2223         guarantee(k != nullptr, "need klass");
2224         k->print_value_on(st);
2225         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
2226       }
2227       break;
2228     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
2229     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
2230     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
2231       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2232       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2233       break;
2234     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
2235       unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2236       break;
2237     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
2238       st->print("%d", int_at(cp_index));
2239       break;
2240     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
2241       st->print("%f", float_at(cp_index));
2242       break;
2243     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2244       st->print_jlong(long_at(cp_index));
2245       break;
2246     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2247       st->print("%lf", double_at(cp_index));
2248       break;
2249     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
2250       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2251       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2252       break;
2253     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
2254       symbol_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2255       break;
2256     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2257         int name_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
2258         st->print("klass_index=%d ", name_index);
2259         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2260       }
2261       break;
2262     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
2263     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2264         CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(cp_index);
2265         int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
2266         int name_index = kslot.name_index();
2267         assert(tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
2268         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2269       }
2270       break;
2271     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
2272     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
2273       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index));
2274       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
2275       break;
2276     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
2277     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2278       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at(cp_index));
2279       break;
2280     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic :
2281     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError :
2282       {
2283         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2284         st->print(" type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2285         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2286         if (argc > 0) {
2287           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2288             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2289             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2290           }
2291           st->print("}");
2292         }
2293       }
2294       break;
2295     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2296       {
2297         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2298         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2299         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2300         if (argc > 0) {
2301           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2302             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2303             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2304           }
2305           st->print("}");
2306         }
2307       }
2308       break;
2309     default:
2310       ShouldNotReachHere();
2311       break;
2312   }
2313   st->cr();
2314 }
2315 
2316 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2317   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2318   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2319   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2320   if (!bsm_entries().is_empty())  st->print("/BSMs[%d]", bsm_entries().bootstrap_methods()->length());
2321   print_address_on(st);
2322   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2323     st->print(" for ");
2324     pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2325     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2326     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2327   }
2328   if (cache() != nullptr) {
2329     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2330   }
2331 }
2332 
2333 // Verification
2334 
2335 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2336   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2337   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2338     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2339     if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2340       guarantee(klass_name_at(i)->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2341     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2342       Symbol* entry = symbol_at(i);
2343       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2344     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2345       Symbol* entry = unresolved_string_at(i);
2346       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2347     }
2348   }
2349   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2350     // Note: pool_holder() can be null in temporary constant pools
2351     // used during constant pool merging
2352     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2353   }
2354 }
2355 
2356 void BSMAttributeEntries::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
2357   MetadataFactory::free_array<u4>(loader_data, this->_offsets);
2358   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, this->_bootstrap_methods);
2359   this->_offsets = nullptr;
2360   this->_bootstrap_methods = nullptr;
2361 }
2362 
2363 void BSMAttributeEntries::copy_into(InsertionIterator& iter, int num_entries) const {
2364   assert(num_entries + iter._cur_offset <= iter._insert_into->_offsets->length(), "must");
2365   for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++) {
2366     const BSMAttributeEntry* e = entry(i);
2367     BSMAttributeEntry* e_new = iter.reserve_new_entry(e->bootstrap_method_index(), e->argument_count());
2368     assert(e_new != nullptr, "must be");
2369     e->copy_args_into(e_new);
2370   }
2371 }
2372 
2373 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
2374 BSMAttributeEntries::start_extension(const BSMAttributeEntries& other, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2375   InsertionIterator iter = start_extension(other.number_of_entries(), other.array_length(),
2376                                            loader_data, CHECK_(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator()));
2377   return iter;
2378 }
2379 
2380 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
2381 BSMAttributeEntries::start_extension(int number_of_entries, int array_length,
2382                                      ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2383   InsertionIterator extension_iterator(this, this->number_of_entries(), this->array_length());
2384   int new_number_of_entries = this->number_of_entries() + number_of_entries;
2385   int new_array_length = this->array_length() + array_length;
2386   int invalid_index = new_array_length;
2387 
2388   Array<u4>* new_offsets =
2389     MetadataFactory::new_array<u4>(loader_data, new_number_of_entries, invalid_index, CHECK_(InsertionIterator()));
2390   Array<u2>* new_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_array_length, CHECK_(InsertionIterator()));
2391   { // Copy over all the old BSMAEntry's and their respective offsets
2392     BSMAttributeEntries carrier(new_offsets, new_array);
2393     InsertionIterator copy_iter(&carrier, 0, 0);
2394     copy_into(copy_iter, this->number_of_entries());
2395   }
2396   // Replace content
2397   deallocate_contents(loader_data);
2398   _offsets = new_offsets;
2399   _bootstrap_methods = new_array;
2400   return extension_iterator;
2401 }
2402 
2403 
2404 void BSMAttributeEntries::append(const BSMAttributeEntries& other, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2405   if (other.number_of_entries() == 0) {
2406     return; // Done!
2407   }
2408   InsertionIterator iter = start_extension(other, loader_data, CHECK);
2409   other.copy_into(iter, other.number_of_entries());
2410   end_extension(iter, loader_data, THREAD);
2411 }
2412 
2413 void BSMAttributeEntries::end_extension(InsertionIterator& iter, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2414   assert(iter._insert_into == this, "must be");
2415   assert(iter._cur_offset <= this->_offsets->length(), "must be");
2416   assert(iter._cur_array <= this->_bootstrap_methods->length(), "must be");
2417 
2418   // Did we fill up all of the available space? If so, do nothing.
2419   if (iter._cur_offset == this->_offsets->length() &&
2420       iter._cur_array == this->_bootstrap_methods->length()) {
2421     return;
2422   }
2423 
2424   // We used less, truncate by allocating new arrays
2425   Array<u4>* new_offsets =
2426       MetadataFactory::new_array<u4>(loader_data, iter._cur_offset, 0, CHECK);
2427   Array<u2>* new_array =
2428     MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, iter._cur_array, CHECK);
2429   { // Copy over the constructed BSMAEntry's
2430     BSMAttributeEntries carrier(new_offsets, new_array);
2431     InsertionIterator copy_iter(&carrier, 0, 0);
2432     copy_into(copy_iter, iter._cur_offset);
2433   }
2434 
2435   deallocate_contents(loader_data);
2436   _offsets = new_offsets;
2437   _bootstrap_methods = new_array;
2438 }