1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotConstantPoolResolver.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/archiveBuilder.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionaryShared.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  39 #include "interpreter/bootstrapInfo.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  41 #include "jvm.h"
  42 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/array.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/cpCache.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/oopCast.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/refArrayOop.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  75 
  76 ConstantPool* ConstantPool::allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int length, TRAPS) {
  77   Array<u1>* tags = MetadataFactory::new_array<u1>(loader_data, length, 0, CHECK_NULL);
  78   int size = ConstantPool::size(length);
  79   return new (loader_data, size, MetaspaceObj::ConstantPoolType, THREAD) ConstantPool(tags);
  80 }
  81 
  82 void ConstantPool::copy_fields(const ConstantPool* orig) {
  83   // Preserve dynamic constant information from the original pool
  84   if (orig->has_dynamic_constant()) {
  85     set_has_dynamic_constant();
  86   }
  87 
  88   set_major_version(orig->major_version());
  89   set_minor_version(orig->minor_version());
  90 
  91   set_source_file_name_index(orig->source_file_name_index());
  92   set_generic_signature_index(orig->generic_signature_index());
  93 }
  94 
  95 #ifdef ASSERT
  96 
  97 // MetaspaceObj allocation invariant is calloc equivalent memory
  98 // simple verification of this here (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid == 0 )
  99 static bool tag_array_is_zero_initialized(Array<u1>* tags) {
 100   assert(tags != nullptr, "invariant");
 101   const int length = tags->length();
 102   for (int index = 0; index < length; ++index) {
 103     if (JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid != tags->at(index)) {
 104       return false;
 105     }
 106   }
 107   return true;
 108 }
 109 
 110 #endif
 111 
 112 ConstantPool::ConstantPool() {
 113   assert(CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive() || CDSConfig::is_using_archive(), "only for CDS");
 114 }
 115 
 116 ConstantPool::ConstantPool(Array<u1>* tags) :
 117   _tags(tags),
 118   _length(tags->length()) {
 119 
 120     assert(_tags != nullptr, "invariant");
 121     assert(tags->length() == _length, "invariant");
 122     assert(tag_array_is_zero_initialized(tags), "invariant");
 123     assert(0 == flags(), "invariant");
 124     assert(0 == version(), "invariant");
 125     assert(nullptr == _pool_holder, "invariant");
 126 }
 127 
 128 void ConstantPool::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
 129   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 130     MetadataFactory::free_metadata(loader_data, cache());
 131     set_cache(nullptr);
 132   }
 133 
 134   MetadataFactory::free_array<Klass*>(loader_data, resolved_klasses());
 135   set_resolved_klasses(nullptr);
 136 
 137   bsm_entries().deallocate_contents(loader_data);
 138 
 139   release_C_heap_structures();
 140 
 141   // free tag array
 142   MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(loader_data, tags());
 143   set_tags(nullptr);
 144 }
 145 
 146 void ConstantPool::release_C_heap_structures() {
 147   // walk constant pool and decrement symbol reference counts
 148   unreference_symbols();
 149 }
 150 
 151 void ConstantPool::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 152   log_trace(aot)("Iter(ConstantPool): %p", this);
 153 
 154   it->push(&_tags, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 155   it->push(&_cache);
 156   it->push(&_pool_holder);
 157   it->push(&bsm_entries().offsets());
 158   it->push(&bsm_entries().bootstrap_methods());
 159   it->push(&_resolved_klasses, MetaspaceClosure::_writable);
 160 
 161   for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
 162     // The only MSO's embedded in the CP entries are Symbols:
 163     //   JVM_CONSTANT_String
 164     //   JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8
 165     constantTag ctag = tag_at(i);
 166     if (ctag.is_string() || ctag.is_utf8()) {
 167       it->push(symbol_at_addr(i));
 168     }
 169   }
 170 }
 171 
 172 refArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references() const {
 173   return _cache->resolved_references();
 174 }
 175 
 176 // Called from outside constant pool resolution where a resolved_reference array
 177 // may not be present.
 178 refArrayOop ConstantPool::resolved_references_or_null() const {
 179   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 180     return nullptr;
 181   } else {
 182     return _cache->resolved_references();
 183   }
 184 }
 185 
 186 oop ConstantPool::resolved_reference_at(int index) const {
 187   oop result = resolved_references()->obj_at(index);
 188   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(result), "Must be oop");
 189   return result;
 190 }
 191 
 192 // Use a CAS for multithreaded access
 193 oop ConstantPool::set_resolved_reference_at(int index, oop new_result) {
 194   assert(oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(new_result), "Must be oop");
 195   return oop_cast<refArrayOop>(resolved_references())->replace_if_null(index, new_result);
 196 }
 197 
 198 // Create resolved_references array and mapping array for original cp indexes
 199 // The ldc bytecode was rewritten to have the resolved reference array index so need a way
 200 // to map it back for resolving and some unlikely miscellaneous uses.
 201 // The objects created by invokedynamic are appended to this list.
 202 void ConstantPool::initialize_resolved_references(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 203                                                   const intStack& reference_map,
 204                                                   int constant_pool_map_length,
 205                                                   TRAPS) {
 206   // Initialized the resolved object cache.
 207   int map_length = reference_map.length();
 208   if (map_length > 0) {
 209     // Only need mapping back to constant pool entries.  The map isn't used for
 210     // invokedynamic resolved_reference entries.  For invokedynamic entries,
 211     // the constant pool cache index has the mapping back to both the constant
 212     // pool and to the resolved reference index.
 213     if (constant_pool_map_length > 0) {
 214       Array<u2>* om = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, constant_pool_map_length, CHECK);
 215 
 216       for (int i = 0; i < constant_pool_map_length; i++) {
 217         int x = reference_map.at(i);
 218         assert(x == (int)(jushort) x, "klass index is too big");
 219         om->at_put(i, (jushort)x);
 220       }
 221       set_reference_map(om);
 222     }
 223 
 224     // Create Java array for holding resolved strings, methodHandles,
 225     // methodTypes, invokedynamic and invokehandle appendix objects, etc.
 226     refArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_refArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 227     HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 228     Handle refs_handle (THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 229     set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 230 
 231     // Create a "scratch" copy of the resolved references array to archive
 232     if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap()) {
 233       refArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_refArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 234       HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 235     }
 236   }
 237 }
 238 
 239 void ConstantPool::allocate_resolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, int num_klasses, TRAPS) {
 240   // A ConstantPool can't possibly have 0xffff valid class entries,
 241   // because entry #0 must be CONSTANT_Invalid, and each class entry must refer to a UTF8
 242   // entry for the class's name. So at most we will have 0xfffe class entries.
 243   // This allows us to use 0xffff (ConstantPool::_temp_resolved_klass_index) to indicate
 244   // UnresolvedKlass entries that are temporarily created during class redefinition.
 245   assert(num_klasses < CPKlassSlot::_temp_resolved_klass_index, "sanity");
 246   assert(resolved_klasses() == nullptr, "sanity");
 247   Array<Klass*>* rk = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(loader_data, num_klasses, CHECK);
 248   set_resolved_klasses(rk);
 249 }
 250 
 251 void ConstantPool::initialize_unresolved_klasses(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
 252   int len = length();
 253   int num_klasses = 0;
 254   for (int i = 1; i <len; i++) {
 255     switch (tag_at(i).value()) {
 256     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
 257       {
 258         const int class_index = klass_index_at(i);
 259         unresolved_klass_at_put(i, class_index, num_klasses++);
 260       }
 261       break;
 262 #ifndef PRODUCT
 263     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 264     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 265     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 266       // All of these should have been reverted back to Unresolved before calling
 267       // this function.
 268       ShouldNotReachHere();
 269 #endif
 270     }
 271   }
 272   allocate_resolved_klasses(loader_data, num_klasses, THREAD);
 273 }
 274 
 275 // Hidden class support:
 276 void ConstantPool::klass_at_put(int class_index, Klass* k) {
 277   assert(k != nullptr, "must be valid klass");
 278   CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(class_index);
 279   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 280   Klass** adr = resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 281   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 282 
 283   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 284   // and the Klass* non-null, so we need hardware store ordering here.
 285   release_tag_at_put(class_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 286 }
 287 
 288 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 289 template <typename Function>
 290 void ConstantPool::iterate_archivable_resolved_references(Function function) {
 291   objArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 292   if (rr != nullptr && cache() != nullptr && CDSConfig::is_dumping_method_handles()) {
 293     Array<ResolvedIndyEntry>* indy_entries = cache()->resolved_indy_entries();
 294     if (indy_entries != nullptr) {
 295       for (int i = 0; i < indy_entries->length(); i++) {
 296         ResolvedIndyEntry *rie = indy_entries->adr_at(i);
 297         if (rie->is_resolved() && AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(this, rie->constant_pool_index())) {
 298           int rr_index = rie->resolved_references_index();
 299           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 300           function(rr_index);
 301 
 302           // Save the BSM as well (sometimes the JIT looks up the BSM it for replay)
 303           int indy_cp_index = rie->constant_pool_index();
 304           int bsm_mh_cp_index = bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(indy_cp_index);
 305           int bsm_rr_index = cp_to_object_index(bsm_mh_cp_index);
 306           assert(resolved_reference_at(bsm_rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 307           function(bsm_rr_index);
 308         }
 309       }
 310     }
 311 
 312     Array<ResolvedMethodEntry>* method_entries = cache()->resolved_method_entries();
 313     if (method_entries != nullptr) {
 314       for (int i = 0; i < method_entries->length(); i++) {
 315         ResolvedMethodEntry* rme = method_entries->adr_at(i);
 316         if (rme->is_resolved(Bytecodes::_invokehandle) && rme->has_appendix() &&
 317             cache()->can_archive_resolved_method(this, rme)) {
 318           int rr_index = rme->resolved_references_index();
 319           assert(resolved_reference_at(rr_index) != nullptr, "must exist");
 320           function(rr_index);
 321         }
 322       }
 323     }
 324   }
 325 }
 326 
 327 // Returns the _resolved_reference array after removing unarchivable items from it.
 328 // Returns null if this class is not supported, or _resolved_reference doesn't exist.
 329 refArrayOop ConstantPool::prepare_resolved_references_for_archiving() {
 330   if (_cache == nullptr) {
 331     return nullptr; // nothing to do
 332   }
 333 
 334   InstanceKlass *ik = pool_holder();
 335   if (!SystemDictionaryShared::is_builtin_loader(ik->class_loader_data())) {
 336     // Archiving resolved references for classes from non-builtin loaders
 337     // is not yet supported.
 338     return nullptr;
 339   }
 340 
 341   refArrayOop rr = resolved_references();
 342   if (rr != nullptr) {
 343     ResourceMark rm;
 344     int rr_len = rr->length();
 345     GrowableArray<bool> keep_resolved_refs(rr_len, rr_len, false);
 346 
 347     iterate_archivable_resolved_references([&](int rr_index) {
 348       keep_resolved_refs.at_put(rr_index, true);
 349     });
 350 
 351     refArrayOop scratch_rr = HeapShared::scratch_resolved_references(this);
 352     Array<u2>* ref_map = reference_map();
 353     int ref_map_len = ref_map == nullptr ? 0 : ref_map->length();
 354     for (int i = 0; i < rr_len; i++) {
 355       oop obj = rr->obj_at(i);
 356       scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, nullptr);
 357       if (obj != nullptr) {
 358         if (i < ref_map_len) {
 359           int index = object_to_cp_index(i);
 360           if (tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 361             assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(obj), "must be");
 362             if (!HeapShared::is_string_too_large_to_archive(obj)) {
 363               scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 364             }
 365             continue;
 366           }
 367         }
 368 
 369         if (keep_resolved_refs.at(i)) {
 370           scratch_rr->obj_at_put(i, obj);
 371         }
 372       }
 373     }
 374     return scratch_rr;
 375   }
 376   return rr;
 377 }
 378 #endif
 379 
 380 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 381 // CDS support. Create a new resolved_references array.
 382 void ConstantPool::restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS) {
 383   if (!_pool_holder->is_linked() && !_pool_holder->is_rewritten()) {
 384     return;
 385   }
 386   assert(is_constantPool(), "ensure C++ vtable is restored");
 387   assert(on_stack(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 388   assert(in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
 389   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 390     // See the same check in remove_unshareable_info() below.
 391     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 392     return;
 393   }
 394   assert(_cache != nullptr, "constant pool _cache should not be null");
 395 
 396   // Only create the new resolved references array if it hasn't been attempted before
 397   if (resolved_references() != nullptr) return;
 398 
 399   if (vmClasses::Object_klass_is_loaded()) {
 400     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = pool_holder()->class_loader_data();
 401 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 402     if (HeapShared::is_archived_heap_in_use() &&
 403         _cache->archived_references() != nullptr) {
 404       oop archived = _cache->archived_references();
 405       // Create handle for the archived resolved reference array object
 406       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 407       Handle refs_handle(THREAD, archived);
 408       set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 409       _cache->clear_archived_references();
 410     } else
 411 #endif
 412     {
 413       // No mapped archived resolved reference array
 414       // Recreate the object array and add to ClassLoaderData.
 415       int map_length = resolved_reference_length();
 416       if (map_length > 0) {
 417         objArrayOop stom = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), map_length, CHECK);
 418         HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 419         Handle refs_handle(THREAD, stom);  // must handleize.
 420         set_resolved_references(loader_data->add_handle(refs_handle));
 421       }
 422     }
 423   }
 424 
 425   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive() && CDSConfig::is_dumping_heap() && resolved_references() != nullptr) {
 426     objArrayOop scratch_references = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Object_klass(), resolved_references()->length(), CHECK);
 427     HeapShared::add_scratch_resolved_references(this, scratch_references);
 428   }
 429 }
 430 
 431 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_info() {
 432   // ConstantPools in AOT cache are in the RO region, so the _flags cannot be modified.
 433   // The _on_stack flag is used to prevent ConstantPools from deallocation during
 434   // class redefinition. Since such ConstantPools cannot be deallocated anyway,
 435   // we always set _on_stack to true to avoid having to change _flags during runtime.
 436   _flags |= (_on_stack | _in_aot_cache);
 437 
 438   if (is_for_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
 439     // This CP was created by Method::make_method_handle_intrinsic() and has nothing
 440     // that need to be removed/restored. It has no cpCache since the intrinsic methods
 441     // don't have any bytecodes.
 442     assert(cache() == nullptr, "must not have cpCache");
 443     return;
 444   }
 445 
 446   bool update_resolved_reference = true;
 447   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 448     ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 449     InstanceKlass* src_holder = src_cp->pool_holder();
 450     if (src_holder->defined_by_other_loaders()) {
 451       // Unregistered classes are not loaded in the AOT assembly phase. The resolved reference length
 452       // is already saved during the training run.
 453       precond(!src_holder->is_loaded());
 454       precond(resolved_reference_length() >= 0);
 455       precond(resolved_references() == nullptr);
 456       update_resolved_reference = false;
 457     }
 458   }
 459 
 460   // resolved_references(): remember its length. If it cannot be restored
 461   // from the archived heap objects at run time, we need to dynamically allocate it.
 462   if (update_resolved_reference && cache() != nullptr) {
 463     set_resolved_reference_length(
 464         resolved_references() != nullptr ? resolved_references()->length() : 0);
 465     set_resolved_references(OopHandle());
 466   }
 467   remove_unshareable_entries();
 468 }
 469 
 470 static const char* get_type(Klass* k) {
 471   const char* type;
 472   Klass* src_k;
 473   if (ArchiveBuilder::is_active() && ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(k)) {
 474     src_k = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(k);
 475   } else {
 476     src_k = k;
 477   }
 478 
 479   if (src_k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 480     src_k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(src_k)->bottom_klass();
 481     assert(!src_k->is_objArray_klass(), "sanity");
 482     assert(src_k->is_instance_klass() || src_k->is_typeArray_klass(), "Sanity check");
 483   }
 484 
 485   if (src_k->is_typeArray_klass()) {
 486     type = "prim";
 487   } else {
 488     InstanceKlass* src_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(src_k);
 489     if (src_ik->defined_by_boot_loader()) {
 490       return "boot";
 491     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_platform_loader()) {
 492       return "plat";
 493     } else if (src_ik->defined_by_app_loader()) {
 494       return "app";
 495     } else {
 496       return "unreg";
 497     }
 498   }
 499 
 500   return type;
 501 }
 502 
 503 void ConstantPool::remove_unshareable_entries() {
 504   ResourceMark rm;
 505   log_info(aot, resolve)("Archiving CP entries for %s", pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string());
 506   for (int cp_index = 1; cp_index < length(); cp_index++) { // cp_index 0 is unused
 507     int cp_tag = tag_at(cp_index).value();
 508     switch (cp_tag) {
 509     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 510       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, false);
 511       break;
 512     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
 513       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 514       ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(false, true);
 515       break;
 516     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
 517       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle);
 518       break;
 519     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
 520       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType);
 521       break;
 522     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
 523       tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic);
 524       break;
 525     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 526       remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(cp_index);
 527       break;
 528     default:
 529       break;
 530     }
 531   }
 532 
 533   if (cache() != nullptr) {
 534     // cache() is null if this class is not yet linked.
 535     cache()->remove_unshareable_info();
 536   }
 537 }
 538 
 539 void ConstantPool::remove_resolved_klass_if_non_deterministic(int cp_index) {
 540   assert(ArchiveBuilder::current()->is_in_buffer_space(this), "must be");
 541   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "must be resolved");
 542 
 543   bool can_archive;
 544   Klass* k = nullptr;
 545 
 546   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_preimage_static_archive()) {
 547     can_archive = false;
 548   } else {
 549     k = resolved_klass_at(cp_index);
 550     if (k == nullptr) {
 551       // We'd come here if the referenced class has been excluded via
 552       // SystemDictionaryShared::is_excluded_class(). As a result, ArchiveBuilder
 553       // has cleared the resolved_klasses()->at(...) pointer to null. Thus, we
 554       // need to revert the tag to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass.
 555       can_archive = false;
 556     } else {
 557       ConstantPool* src_cp = ArchiveBuilder::current()->get_source_addr(this);
 558       can_archive = AOTConstantPoolResolver::is_resolution_deterministic(src_cp, cp_index);
 559     }
 560   }
 561 
 562   if (!can_archive) {
 563     int resolved_klass_index = klass_slot_at(cp_index).resolved_klass_index();
 564     // This might be at a safepoint but do this in the right order.
 565     tag_at_put(cp_index, JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass);
 566     resolved_klasses()->at_put(resolved_klass_index, nullptr);
 567   }
 568 
 569   LogStreamHandle(Trace, aot, resolve) log;
 570   if (log.is_enabled()) {
 571     ResourceMark rm;
 572     log.print("%s klass  CP entry [%3d]: %s %s",
 573               (can_archive ? "archived" : "reverted"),
 574               cp_index, pool_holder()->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(pool_holder()));
 575     if (can_archive) {
 576       log.print(" => %s %s%s", k->name()->as_C_string(), get_type(k),
 577                 (!k->is_instance_klass() || pool_holder()->is_subtype_of(k)) ? "" : " (not supertype)");
 578     } else {
 579       Symbol* name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
 580       log.print(" => %s", name->as_C_string());
 581     }
 582   }
 583 
 584   ArchiveBuilder::alloc_stats()->record_klass_cp_entry(can_archive, /*reverted=*/!can_archive);
 585 }
 586 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
 587 
 588 int ConstantPool::cp_to_object_index(int cp_index) {
 589   // this is harder don't do this so much.
 590   int i = reference_map()->find(checked_cast<u2>(cp_index));
 591   // We might not find the index for jsr292 call.
 592   return (i < 0) ? _no_index_sentinel : i;
 593 }
 594 
 595 void ConstantPool::string_at_put(int obj_index, oop str) {
 596   oop result = set_resolved_reference_at(obj_index, str);
 597   assert(result == nullptr || result == str, "Only set once or to the same string.");
 598 }
 599 
 600 void ConstantPool::trace_class_resolution(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k) {
 601   ResourceMark rm;
 602   int line_number = -1;
 603   const char * source_file = nullptr;
 604   if (JavaThread::current()->has_last_Java_frame()) {
 605     // try to identify the method which called this function.
 606     vframeStream vfst(JavaThread::current());
 607     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
 608       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
 609       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
 610       if (s != nullptr) {
 611         source_file = s->as_C_string();
 612       }
 613     }
 614   }
 615   if (k != this_cp->pool_holder()) {
 616     // only print something if the classes are different
 617     if (source_file != nullptr) {
 618       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d",
 619                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 620                  k->external_name(), source_file, line_number);
 621     } else {
 622       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s",
 623                  this_cp->pool_holder()->external_name(),
 624                  k->external_name());
 625     }
 626   }
 627 }
 628 
 629 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
 630                                    TRAPS) {
 631   JavaThread* javaThread = THREAD;
 632 
 633   // A resolved constantPool entry will contain a Klass*, otherwise a Symbol*.
 634   // It is not safe to rely on the tag bit's here, since we don't have a lock, and
 635   // the entry and tag is not updated atomically.
 636   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(cp_index);
 637   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 638   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 639   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 640 
 641   // The tag must be JVM_CONSTANT_Class in order to read the correct value from
 642   // the unresolved_klasses() array.
 643   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass()) {
 644     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 645     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 646     return klass;
 647   }
 648 
 649   // This tag doesn't change back to unresolved class unless at a safepoint.
 650   if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 651     // The original attempt to resolve this constant pool entry failed so find the
 652     // class of the original error and throw another error of the same class
 653     // (JVMS 5.4.3).
 654     // If there is a detail message, pass that detail message to the error.
 655     // The JVMS does not strictly require us to duplicate the same detail message,
 656     // or any internal exception fields such as cause or stacktrace.  But since the
 657     // detail message is often a class name or other literal string, we will repeat it
 658     // if we can find it in the symbol table.
 659     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 660     ShouldNotReachHere();
 661   }
 662 
 663   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 664   Handle mirror_handle;
 665   Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 666   Handle loader (THREAD, this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader());
 667 
 668   Klass* k;
 669   {
 670     // Turn off the single stepping while doing class resolution
 671     JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 672     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(name, loader, true, THREAD);
 673   } //  JvmtiHideSingleStepping jhss(javaThread);
 674 
 675   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 676     // preserve the resolved klass from unloading
 677     mirror_handle = Handle(THREAD, k->java_mirror());
 678     // Do access check for klasses
 679     verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 680   }
 681 
 682 #ifdef DEBUG
 683   if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION && k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 684     Klass* bottom_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
 685     assert(bottom_klass != nullptr, "Should be set");
 686     assert(bottom_klass->is_instance_klass() || bottom_klass->is_typeArray_klass(), "Sanity check");
 687   }
 688 #endif
 689 
 690   // Failed to resolve class. We must record the errors so that subsequent attempts
 691   // to resolve this constant pool entry fail with the same error (JVMS 5.4.3).
 692   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 693     save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, constantTag(JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass), CHECK_NULL);
 694     // If CHECK_NULL above doesn't return the exception, that means that
 695     // some other thread has beaten us and has resolved the class.
 696     // To preserve old behavior, we return the resolved class.
 697     Klass* klass = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 698     assert(klass != nullptr, "must be resolved if exception was cleared");
 699     return klass;
 700   }
 701 
 702   // logging for class+resolve.
 703   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)){
 704     trace_class_resolution(this_cp, k);
 705   }
 706 
 707   // The interpreter assumes when the tag is stored, the klass is resolved
 708   // and the Klass* stored in _resolved_klasses is non-null, so we need
 709   // hardware store ordering here.
 710   // We also need to CAS to not overwrite an error from a racing thread.
 711   Klass** adr = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->adr_at(resolved_klass_index);
 712   AtomicAccess::release_store(adr, k);
 713 
 714   jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
 715                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass,
 716                                         (jbyte)JVM_CONSTANT_Class);
 717 
 718   // We need to recheck exceptions from racing thread and return the same.
 719   if (old_tag == JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError) {
 720     // Remove klass.
 721     AtomicAccess::store(adr, (Klass*)nullptr);
 722     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
 723   }
 724 
 725   return k;
 726 }
 727 
 728 
 729 // Does not update ConstantPool* - to avoid any exception throwing. Used
 730 // by compiler and exception handling.  Also used to avoid classloads for
 731 // instanceof operations. Returns null if the class has not been loaded or
 732 // if the verification of constant pool failed
 733 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which) {
 734   CPKlassSlot kslot = this_cp->klass_slot_at(which);
 735   int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
 736   int name_index = kslot.name_index();
 737   assert(this_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
 738 
 739   if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_klass()) {
 740     Klass* k = this_cp->resolved_klasses()->at(resolved_klass_index);
 741     assert(k != nullptr, "must be resolved");
 742     return k;
 743   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(which).is_unresolved_klass_in_error()) {
 744     return nullptr;
 745   } else {
 746     Thread* current = Thread::current();
 747     HandleMark hm(current);
 748     Symbol* name = this_cp->symbol_at(name_index);
 749     oop loader = this_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader();
 750     Handle h_loader (current, loader);
 751     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(current, name, h_loader);
 752 
 753     // Avoid constant pool verification at a safepoint, as it takes the Module_lock.
 754     if (k != nullptr && current->is_Java_thread()) {
 755       // Make sure that resolving is legal
 756       JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::cast(current); // For exception macros.
 757       ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
 758       // return null if verification fails
 759       verify_constant_pool_resolve(this_cp, k, THREAD);
 760       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 761         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 762         return nullptr;
 763       }
 764       return k;
 765     } else {
 766       return k;
 767     }
 768   }
 769 }
 770 
 771 Method* ConstantPool::method_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool,
 772                                                    int which) {
 773   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 774   if (!(which >= 0 && which < cpool->resolved_method_entries_length())) {
 775     // FIXME: should be an assert
 776     log_debug(class, resolve)("bad BSM %d in:", which); cpool->print();
 777     return nullptr;
 778   }
 779   return cpool->cache()->method_if_resolved(which);
 780 }
 781 
 782 
 783 bool ConstantPool::has_appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 784   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 785   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 786     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 787   } else {
 788     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_appendix();
 789   }
 790 }
 791 
 792 oop ConstantPool::appendix_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 793   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return nullptr;  // nothing to load yet
 794   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 795     return cpool->resolved_reference_from_indy(which);
 796   } else {
 797     return cpool->cache()->appendix_if_resolved(which);
 798   }
 799 }
 800 
 801 
 802 bool ConstantPool::has_local_signature_at_if_loaded(const constantPoolHandle& cpool, int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 803   if (cpool->cache() == nullptr)  return false;  // nothing to load yet
 804   if (code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) {
 805     return cpool->resolved_indy_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 806   } else {
 807     return cpool->resolved_method_entry_at(which)->has_local_signature();
 808   }
 809 }
 810 
 811 // Translate index, which could be CPCache index or Indy index, to a constant pool index
 812 int ConstantPool::to_cp_index(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 813   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 814   switch(code) {
 815     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 816       return invokedynamic_bootstrap_ref_index_at(index);
 817     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 818     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 819     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 820     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 821       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 822     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 823     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 824     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 825     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 826     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 827     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 828       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->constant_pool_index();
 829     default:
 830       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 831   }
 832 }
 833 
 834 bool ConstantPool::is_resolved(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 835   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 836   switch(code) {
 837     case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic:
 838       return resolved_indy_entry_at(index)->is_resolved();
 839 
 840     case Bytecodes::_getfield:
 841     case Bytecodes::_getstatic:
 842     case Bytecodes::_putfield:
 843     case Bytecodes::_putstatic:
 844       return resolved_field_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 845 
 846     case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface:
 847     case Bytecodes::_invokehandle:
 848     case Bytecodes::_invokespecial:
 849     case Bytecodes::_invokestatic:
 850     case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual:
 851     case Bytecodes::_fast_invokevfinal: // Bytecode interpreter uses this
 852       return resolved_method_entry_at(index)->is_resolved(code);
 853 
 854     default:
 855       fatal("Unexpected bytecode: %s", Bytecodes::name(code));
 856   }
 857 }
 858 
 859 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(int cp_index)  {
 860   if (tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap()) {
 861     u2 pool_index = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 862     assert(tag_at(pool_index).is_name_and_type(), "");
 863     return pool_index;
 864   }
 865   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 866   assert(!tag_at(cp_index).has_bootstrap(), "Must be handled above");
 867   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 868   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 869 }
 870 
 871 u2 ConstantPool::name_and_type_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 872   return uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 873 }
 874 
 875 constantTag ConstantPool::tag_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 876   // which may be either a Constant Pool index or a rewritten index
 877   int pool_index = which;
 878   assert(cache() != nullptr, "'index' is a rewritten index so this class must have been rewritten");
 879   pool_index = to_cp_index(which, code);
 880   return tag_at(pool_index);
 881 }
 882 
 883 u2 ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 884   assert(tag_at(cp_index).is_field_or_method(), "Corrupted constant pool");
 885   jint ref_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
 886   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 887 }
 888 
 889 u2 ConstantPool::klass_ref_index_at(int index, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 890   assert(code != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic,
 891             "an invokedynamic instruction does not have a klass");
 892   return uncached_klass_ref_index_at(to_cp_index(index, code));
 893 }
 894 
 895 void ConstantPool::verify_constant_pool_resolve(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 896   if (!(k->is_instance_klass() || k->is_objArray_klass())) {
 897     return;  // short cut, typeArray klass is always accessible
 898   }
 899   Klass* holder = this_cp->pool_holder();
 900   LinkResolver::check_klass_accessibility(holder, k, CHECK);
 901 }
 902 
 903 
 904 u2 ConstantPool::name_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 905   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 906   return extract_low_short_from_int(ref_index);
 907 }
 908 
 909 
 910 u2 ConstantPool::signature_ref_index_at(int cp_index) {
 911   jint ref_index = name_and_type_at(cp_index);
 912   return extract_high_short_from_int(ref_index);
 913 }
 914 
 915 
 916 Klass* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at(int which, Bytecodes::Code code, TRAPS) {
 917   return klass_at(klass_ref_index_at(which, code), THREAD);
 918 }
 919 
 920 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_name_at(int cp_index) const {
 921   return symbol_at(klass_slot_at(cp_index).name_index());
 922 }
 923 
 924 Symbol* ConstantPool::klass_ref_at_noresolve(int which, Bytecodes::Code code) {
 925   jint ref_index = klass_ref_index_at(which, code);
 926   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 927 }
 928 
 929 Symbol* ConstantPool::uncached_klass_ref_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 930   jint ref_index = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index);
 931   return klass_at_noresolve(ref_index);
 932 }
 933 
 934 char* ConstantPool::string_at_noresolve(int cp_index) {
 935   return unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
 936 }
 937 
 938 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_signature_at(int cp_index) const {
 939   return Signature::basic_type(symbol_at(cp_index));
 940 }
 941 
 942 
 943 void ConstantPool::resolve_string_constants_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, TRAPS) {
 944   for (int index = 1; index < this_cp->length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
 945     if (this_cp->tag_at(index).is_string()) {
 946       this_cp->string_at(index, CHECK);
 947     }
 948   }
 949 }
 950 
 951 static const char* exception_message(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 952   // Note: caller needs ResourceMark
 953 
 954   // Dig out the detailed message to reuse if possible
 955   const char* msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(pending_exception);
 956   if (msg != nullptr) {
 957     return msg;
 958   }
 959 
 960   Symbol* message = nullptr;
 961   // Return specific message for the tag
 962   switch (tag.value()) {
 963   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 964     // return the class name in the error message
 965     message = this_cp->klass_name_at(which);
 966     break;
 967   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 968     // return the method handle name in the error message
 969     message = this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(which);
 970     break;
 971   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 972     // return the method type signature in the error message
 973     message = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(which);
 974     break;
 975   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
 976     // return the name of the condy in the error message
 977     message = this_cp->uncached_name_ref_at(which);
 978     break;
 979   default:
 980     ShouldNotReachHere();
 981   }
 982 
 983   return message != nullptr ? message->as_C_string() : nullptr;
 984 }
 985 
 986 static void add_resolution_error(JavaThread* current, const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which,
 987                                  constantTag tag, oop pending_exception) {
 988 
 989   ResourceMark rm(current);
 990   Symbol* error = pending_exception->klass()->name();
 991   oop cause = java_lang_Throwable::cause(pending_exception);
 992 
 993   // Also dig out the exception cause, if present.
 994   Symbol* cause_sym = nullptr;
 995   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
 996   if (cause != nullptr && cause != pending_exception) {
 997     cause_sym = cause->klass()->name();
 998     cause_msg = java_lang_Throwable::message_as_utf8(cause);
 999   }
1000 
1001   const char* message = exception_message(this_cp, which, tag, pending_exception);
1002   SystemDictionary::add_resolution_error(this_cp, which, error, message, cause_sym, cause_msg);
1003 }
1004 
1005 
1006 void ConstantPool::throw_resolution_error(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int which, TRAPS) {
1007   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1008   const char* message = nullptr;
1009   Symbol* cause = nullptr;
1010   const char* cause_msg = nullptr;
1011   Symbol* error = SystemDictionary::find_resolution_error(this_cp, which, &message, &cause, &cause_msg);
1012   assert(error != nullptr, "checking");
1013 
1014   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1015   if (message != nullptr) {
1016     if (cause != nullptr) {
1017       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1018       THROW_MSG_CAUSE(error, message, h_cause);
1019     } else {
1020       THROW_MSG(error, message);
1021     }
1022   } else {
1023     if (cause != nullptr) {
1024       Handle h_cause = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD, cause, cause_msg);
1025       THROW_CAUSE(error, h_cause);
1026     } else {
1027       THROW(error);
1028     }
1029   }
1030 }
1031 
1032 // If resolution for Class, Dynamic constant, MethodHandle or MethodType fails, save the
1033 // exception in the resolution error table, so that the same exception is thrown again.
1034 void ConstantPool::save_and_throw_exception(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1035                                             constantTag tag, TRAPS) {
1036 
1037   int error_tag = tag.error_value();
1038 
1039   if (!PENDING_EXCEPTION->
1040     is_a(vmClasses::LinkageError_klass())) {
1041     // Just throw the exception and don't prevent these classes from
1042     // being loaded due to virtual machine errors like StackOverflow
1043     // and OutOfMemoryError, etc, or if the thread was hit by stop()
1044     // Needs clarification to section 5.4.3 of the VM spec (see 6308271)
1045   } else if (this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).value() != error_tag) {
1046     add_resolution_error(THREAD, this_cp, cp_index, tag, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
1047     // CAS in the tag.  If a thread beat us to registering this error that's fine.
1048     // If another thread resolved the reference, this is a race condition. This
1049     // thread may have had a security manager or something temporary.
1050     // This doesn't deterministically get an error.   So why do we save this?
1051     // We save this because jvmti can add classes to the bootclass path after
1052     // this error, so it needs to get the same error if the error is first.
1053     jbyte old_tag = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg((jbyte*)this_cp->tag_addr_at(cp_index),
1054                                           (jbyte)tag.value(),
1055                                           (jbyte)error_tag);
1056     if (old_tag != error_tag && old_tag != tag.value()) {
1057       // MethodHandles and MethodType doesn't change to resolved version.
1058       assert(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_klass(), "Wrong tag value");
1059       // Forget the exception and use the resolved class.
1060       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1061     }
1062   } else {
1063     // some other thread put this in error state
1064     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK);
1065   }
1066 }
1067 
1068 constantTag ConstantPool::constant_tag_at(int cp_index) {
1069   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1070   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant()) {
1071     BasicType bt = basic_type_for_constant_at(cp_index);
1072     return constantTag(constantTag::type2tag(bt));
1073   }
1074   return tag;
1075 }
1076 
1077 BasicType ConstantPool::basic_type_for_constant_at(int cp_index) {
1078   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1079   if (tag.is_dynamic_constant() ||
1080       tag.is_dynamic_constant_in_error()) {
1081     // have to look at the signature for this one
1082     Symbol* constant_type = uncached_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1083     return Signature::basic_type(constant_type);
1084   }
1085   return tag.basic_type();
1086 }
1087 
1088 // Called to resolve constants in the constant pool and return an oop.
1089 // Some constant pool entries cache their resolved oop. This is also
1090 // called to create oops from constants to use in arguments for invokedynamic
1091 oop ConstantPool::resolve_constant_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp,
1092                                            int cp_index, int cache_index,
1093                                            bool* status_return, TRAPS) {
1094   oop result_oop = nullptr;
1095 
1096   if (cache_index == _possible_index_sentinel) {
1097     // It is possible that this constant is one which is cached in the objects.
1098     // We'll do a linear search.  This should be OK because this usage is rare.
1099     // FIXME: If bootstrap specifiers stress this code, consider putting in
1100     // a reverse index.  Binary search over a short array should do it.
1101     assert(cp_index > 0, "valid constant pool index");
1102     cache_index = this_cp->cp_to_object_index(cp_index);
1103   }
1104   assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel || cache_index >= 0, "");
1105   assert(cp_index == _no_index_sentinel || cp_index >= 0, "");
1106 
1107   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1108     result_oop = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(cache_index);
1109     if (result_oop != nullptr) {
1110       if (result_oop == Universe::the_null_sentinel()) {
1111         DEBUG_ONLY(int temp_index = (cp_index >= 0 ? cp_index : this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index)));
1112         assert(this_cp->tag_at(temp_index).is_dynamic_constant(), "only condy uses the null sentinel");
1113         result_oop = nullptr;
1114       }
1115       if (status_return != nullptr)  (*status_return) = true;
1116       return result_oop;
1117       // That was easy...
1118     }
1119     cp_index = this_cp->object_to_cp_index(cache_index);
1120   }
1121 
1122   jvalue prim_value;  // temp used only in a few cases below
1123 
1124   constantTag tag = this_cp->tag_at(cp_index);
1125 
1126   if (status_return != nullptr) {
1127     // don't trigger resolution if the constant might need it
1128     switch (tag.value()) {
1129     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1130       assert(this_cp->resolved_klass_at(cp_index) != nullptr, "must be resolved");
1131       break;
1132     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1133     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1134     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1135     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1136     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1137       // these guys trigger OOM at worst
1138       break;
1139     default:
1140       (*status_return) = false;
1141       return nullptr;
1142     }
1143     // from now on there is either success or an OOME
1144     (*status_return) = true;
1145   }
1146 
1147   switch (tag.value()) {
1148 
1149   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1150   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1151     {
1152       assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1153       Klass* resolved = klass_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1154       // ldc wants the java mirror.
1155       result_oop = resolved->java_mirror();
1156       break;
1157     }
1158 
1159   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1160     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_time(),
1161                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_invokedynamic_count());
1162 
1163       // Resolve the Dynamically-Computed constant to invoke the BSM in order to obtain the resulting oop.
1164       BootstrapInfo bootstrap_specifier(this_cp, cp_index);
1165 
1166       // The initial step in resolving an unresolved symbolic reference to a
1167       // dynamically-computed constant is to resolve the symbolic reference to a
1168       // method handle which will be the bootstrap method for the dynamically-computed
1169       // constant. If resolution of the java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle for the bootstrap
1170       // method fails, then a MethodHandleInError is stored at the corresponding
1171       // bootstrap method's CP index for the CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info. No need to
1172       // set a DynamicConstantInError here since any subsequent use of this
1173       // bootstrap method will encounter the resolution of MethodHandleInError.
1174       // Both the first, (resolution of the BSM and its static arguments), and the second tasks,
1175       // (invocation of the BSM), of JVMS Section 5.4.3.6 occur within invoke_bootstrap_method()
1176       // for the bootstrap_specifier created above.
1177       SystemDictionary::invoke_bootstrap_method(bootstrap_specifier, THREAD);
1178       Exceptions::wrap_dynamic_exception(/* is_indy */ false, THREAD);
1179       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1180         // Resolution failure of the dynamically-computed constant, save_and_throw_exception
1181         // will check for a LinkageError and store a DynamicConstantInError.
1182         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1183       }
1184       result_oop = bootstrap_specifier.resolved_value()();
1185       BasicType type = Signature::basic_type(bootstrap_specifier.signature());
1186       if (!is_reference_type(type)) {
1187         // Make sure the primitive value is properly boxed.
1188         // This is a JDK responsibility.
1189         const char* fail = nullptr;
1190         if (result_oop == nullptr) {
1191           fail = "null result instead of box";
1192         } else if (!is_java_primitive(type)) {
1193           // FIXME: support value types via unboxing
1194           fail = "can only handle references and primitives";
1195         } else if (!java_lang_boxing_object::is_instance(result_oop, type)) {
1196           fail = "primitive is not properly boxed";
1197         }
1198         if (fail != nullptr) {
1199           // Since this exception is not a LinkageError, throw exception
1200           // but do not save a DynamicInError resolution result.
1201           // See section 5.4.3 of the VM spec.
1202           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), fail);
1203         }
1204       }
1205 
1206       LogTarget(Debug, methodhandles, condy) lt_condy;
1207       if (lt_condy.is_enabled()) {
1208         LogStream ls(lt_condy);
1209         bootstrap_specifier.print_msg_on(&ls, "resolve_constant_at_impl");
1210       }
1211       break;
1212     }
1213 
1214   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1215     assert(cache_index != _no_index_sentinel, "should have been set");
1216     result_oop = string_at_impl(this_cp, cp_index, cache_index, CHECK_NULL);
1217     break;
1218 
1219   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1220     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_time(),
1221                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_handle_count());
1222 
1223       int ref_kind                 = this_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index);
1224       int callee_index             = this_cp->method_handle_klass_index_at(cp_index);
1225       Symbol*  name =      this_cp->method_handle_name_ref_at(cp_index);
1226       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_handle_signature_ref_at(cp_index);
1227       constantTag m_tag  = this_cp->tag_at(this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
1228       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1229         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:%d [%d/%d/%d] %s.%s",
1230                               ref_kind, cp_index, this_cp->method_handle_index_at(cp_index),
1231                               callee_index, name->as_C_string(), signature->as_C_string());
1232       }
1233 
1234       Klass* callee = klass_at_impl(this_cp, callee_index, THREAD);
1235       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1236         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1237       }
1238 
1239       // Check constant pool method consistency
1240       if ((callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_method()) ||
1241           (!callee->is_interface() && m_tag.is_interface_method())) {
1242         ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1243         stringStream ss;
1244         ss.print("Inconsistent constant pool data in classfile for class %s. "
1245                  "Method '", callee->name()->as_C_string());
1246         signature->print_as_signature_external_return_type(&ss);
1247         ss.print(" %s(", name->as_C_string());
1248         signature->print_as_signature_external_parameters(&ss);
1249         ss.print(")' at index %d is %s and should be %s",
1250                  cp_index,
1251                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_MethodRef" : "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef",
1252                  callee->is_interface() ? "CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef" : "CONSTANT_MethodRef");
1253         // Names are all known to be < 64k so we know this formatted message is not excessively large.
1254         Exceptions::fthrow(THREAD_AND_LOCATION, vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), "%s", ss.as_string());
1255         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1256       }
1257 
1258       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1259       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1260       Handle value = SystemDictionary::link_method_handle_constant(klass, ref_kind,
1261                                                                    callee, name, signature,
1262                                                                    THREAD);
1263       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1264         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1265       }
1266       result_oop = value();
1267       break;
1268     }
1269 
1270   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1271     { PerfTraceTimedEvent timer(ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_time(),
1272                                 ClassLoader::perf_resolve_method_type_count());
1273 
1274       Symbol*  signature = this_cp->method_type_signature_at(cp_index);
1275       { ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1276         log_debug(class, resolve)("resolve JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType [%d/%d] %s",
1277                               cp_index, this_cp->method_type_index_at(cp_index),
1278                               signature->as_C_string());
1279       }
1280       Klass* klass = this_cp->pool_holder();
1281       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1282       Handle value = SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_type(signature, klass, THREAD);
1283       result_oop = value();
1284       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1285         save_and_throw_exception(this_cp, cp_index, tag, CHECK_NULL);
1286       }
1287       break;
1288     }
1289 
1290   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1291     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1292     prim_value.i = this_cp->int_at(cp_index);
1293     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_INT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1294     break;
1295 
1296   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1297     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1298     prim_value.f = this_cp->float_at(cp_index);
1299     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_FLOAT, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1300     break;
1301 
1302   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1303     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1304     prim_value.j = this_cp->long_at(cp_index);
1305     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_LONG, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1306     break;
1307 
1308   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1309     assert(cache_index == _no_index_sentinel, "should not have been set");
1310     prim_value.d = this_cp->double_at(cp_index);
1311     result_oop = java_lang_boxing_object::create(T_DOUBLE, &prim_value, CHECK_NULL);
1312     break;
1313 
1314   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1315   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1316   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1317   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1318     throw_resolution_error(this_cp, cp_index, CHECK_NULL);
1319     break;
1320 
1321   default:
1322     fatal("unexpected constant tag at CP %p[%d/%d] = %d", this_cp(), cp_index, cache_index, tag.value());
1323     break;
1324   }
1325 
1326   if (cache_index >= 0) {
1327     // Benign race condition:  resolved_references may already be filled in.
1328     // The important thing here is that all threads pick up the same result.
1329     // It doesn't matter which racing thread wins, as long as only one
1330     // result is used by all threads, and all future queries.
1331     oop new_result = (result_oop == nullptr ? Universe::the_null_sentinel() : result_oop);
1332     oop old_result = this_cp->set_resolved_reference_at(cache_index, new_result);
1333     if (old_result == nullptr) {
1334       return result_oop;  // was installed
1335     } else {
1336       // Return the winning thread's result.  This can be different than
1337       // the result here for MethodHandles.
1338       if (old_result == Universe::the_null_sentinel())
1339         old_result = nullptr;
1340       return old_result;
1341     }
1342   } else {
1343     assert(result_oop != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1344     return result_oop;
1345   }
1346 }
1347 
1348 oop ConstantPool::uncached_string_at(int cp_index, TRAPS) {
1349   Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1350   oop str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1351   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1352   return str;
1353 }
1354 
1355 void ConstantPool::copy_bootstrap_arguments_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index,
1356                                                     int start_arg, int end_arg,
1357                                                     refArrayHandle info, int pos,
1358                                                     bool must_resolve, Handle if_not_available,
1359                                                     TRAPS) {
1360   int limit = pos + end_arg - start_arg;
1361   // checks: cp_index in range [0..this_cp->length),
1362   // tag at cp_index, start..end in range [0..this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count],
1363   // info array non-null, pos..limit in [0..info.length]
1364   if ((0 >= cp_index    || cp_index >= this_cp->length())  ||
1365       !(this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_invoke_dynamic()    ||
1366         this_cp->tag_at(cp_index).is_dynamic_constant()) ||
1367       (0 > start_arg || start_arg > end_arg) ||
1368       (end_arg > this_cp->bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index)) ||
1369       (0 > pos       || pos > limit)         ||
1370       (info.is_null() || limit > info->length())) {
1371     // An index or something else went wrong; throw an error.
1372     // Since this is an internal API, we don't expect this,
1373     // so we don't bother to craft a nice message.
1374     THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_LinkageError(), "bad BSM argument access");
1375   }
1376   // now we can loop safely
1377   int info_i = pos;
1378   for (int i = start_arg; i < end_arg; i++) {
1379     int arg_index = this_cp->bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, i);
1380     oop arg_oop;
1381     if (must_resolve) {
1382       arg_oop = this_cp->resolve_possibly_cached_constant_at(arg_index, CHECK);
1383     } else {
1384       bool found_it = false;
1385       arg_oop = this_cp->find_cached_constant_at(arg_index, found_it, CHECK);
1386       if (!found_it)  arg_oop = if_not_available();
1387     }
1388     info->obj_at_put(info_i++, arg_oop);
1389   }
1390 }
1391 
1392 oop ConstantPool::string_at_impl(const constantPoolHandle& this_cp, int cp_index, int obj_index, TRAPS) {
1393   // If the string has already been interned, this entry will be non-null
1394   oop str = this_cp->resolved_reference_at(obj_index);
1395   assert(str != Universe::the_null_sentinel(), "");
1396   if (str != nullptr) return str;
1397   Symbol* sym = this_cp->unresolved_string_at(cp_index);
1398   str = StringTable::intern(sym, CHECK_(nullptr));
1399   this_cp->string_at_put(obj_index, str);
1400   assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(str), "must be string");
1401   return str;
1402 }
1403 
1404 
1405 bool ConstantPool::klass_name_at_matches(const InstanceKlass* k, int cp_index) {
1406   // Names are interned, so we can compare Symbol*s directly
1407   Symbol* cp_name = klass_name_at(cp_index);
1408   return (cp_name == k->name());
1409 }
1410 
1411 
1412 // Iterate over symbols and decrement ones which are Symbol*s
1413 // This is done during GC.
1414 // Only decrement the UTF8 symbols. Strings point to
1415 // these symbols but didn't increment the reference count.
1416 void ConstantPool::unreference_symbols() {
1417   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) { // Index 0 is unused
1418     constantTag tag = tag_at(index);
1419     if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1420       symbol_at(index)->decrement_refcount();
1421     }
1422   }
1423 }
1424 
1425 
1426 // Compare this constant pool's entry at index1 to the constant pool
1427 // cp2's entry at index2.
1428 bool ConstantPool::compare_entry_to(int index1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2,
1429        int index2) {
1430 
1431   // The error tags are equivalent to non-error tags when comparing
1432   jbyte t1 = tag_at(index1).non_error_value();
1433   jbyte t2 = cp2->tag_at(index2).non_error_value();
1434 
1435   // Some classes are pre-resolved (like Throwable) which may lead to
1436   // consider it as a different entry. We then revert them back temporarily
1437   // to ensure proper comparison.
1438   if (t1 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1439     t1 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1440   }
1441   if (t2 == JVM_CONSTANT_Class) {
1442     t2 = JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass;
1443   }
1444 
1445   if (t1 != t2) {
1446     // Not the same entry type so there is nothing else to check. Note
1447     // that this style of checking will consider resolved/unresolved
1448     // class pairs as different.
1449     // From the ConstantPool* API point of view, this is correct
1450     // behavior. See VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools() to see how this
1451     // plays out in the context of ConstantPool* merging.
1452     return false;
1453   }
1454 
1455   switch (t1) {
1456   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1457   {
1458     int recur1 = klass_index_at(index1);
1459     int recur2 = cp2->klass_index_at(index2);
1460     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1461       return true;
1462     }
1463   } break;
1464 
1465   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1466   {
1467     jdouble d1 = double_at(index1);
1468     jdouble d2 = cp2->double_at(index2);
1469     if (d1 == d2) {
1470       return true;
1471     }
1472   } break;
1473 
1474   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1475   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1476   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1477   {
1478     int recur1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index1);
1479     int recur2 = cp2->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(index2);
1480     bool match = compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2);
1481     if (match) {
1482       recur1 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1483       recur2 = cp2->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1484       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1485         return true;
1486       }
1487     }
1488   } break;
1489 
1490   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1491   {
1492     jfloat f1 = float_at(index1);
1493     jfloat f2 = cp2->float_at(index2);
1494     if (f1 == f2) {
1495       return true;
1496     }
1497   } break;
1498 
1499   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1500   {
1501     jint i1 = int_at(index1);
1502     jint i2 = cp2->int_at(index2);
1503     if (i1 == i2) {
1504       return true;
1505     }
1506   } break;
1507 
1508   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1509   {
1510     jlong l1 = long_at(index1);
1511     jlong l2 = cp2->long_at(index2);
1512     if (l1 == l2) {
1513       return true;
1514     }
1515   } break;
1516 
1517   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1518   {
1519     int recur1 = name_ref_index_at(index1);
1520     int recur2 = cp2->name_ref_index_at(index2);
1521     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1522       recur1 = signature_ref_index_at(index1);
1523       recur2 = cp2->signature_ref_index_at(index2);
1524       if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1525         return true;
1526       }
1527     }
1528   } break;
1529 
1530   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1531   {
1532     int recur1 = string_index_at(index1);
1533     int recur2 = cp2->string_index_at(index2);
1534     if (compare_entry_to(recur1, cp2, recur2)) {
1535       return true;
1536     }
1537   } break;
1538 
1539   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1540   {
1541     Symbol* k1 = klass_name_at(index1);
1542     Symbol* k2 = cp2->klass_name_at(index2);
1543     if (k1 == k2) {
1544       return true;
1545     }
1546   } break;
1547 
1548   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1549   {
1550     int k1 = method_type_index_at(index1);
1551     int k2 = cp2->method_type_index_at(index2);
1552     if (compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2)) {
1553       return true;
1554     }
1555   } break;
1556 
1557   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1558   {
1559     int k1 = method_handle_ref_kind_at(index1);
1560     int k2 = cp2->method_handle_ref_kind_at(index2);
1561     if (k1 == k2) {
1562       int i1 = method_handle_index_at(index1);
1563       int i2 = cp2->method_handle_index_at(index2);
1564       if (compare_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2)) {
1565         return true;
1566       }
1567     }
1568   } break;
1569 
1570   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1571   {
1572     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1573     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1574     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1575     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1576     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1577     bool match_bsm = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1578     return (match_entry && match_bsm);
1579   } break;
1580 
1581   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1582   {
1583     int k1 = bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index1);
1584     int k2 = cp2->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(index2);
1585     int i1 = bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index1);
1586     int i2 = cp2->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(index2);
1587     bool match_entry = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1588     bool match_bsm = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(i1, cp2, i2);
1589     return (match_entry && match_bsm);
1590   } break;
1591 
1592   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1593   {
1594     Symbol* s1 = unresolved_string_at(index1);
1595     Symbol* s2 = cp2->unresolved_string_at(index2);
1596     if (s1 == s2) {
1597       return true;
1598     }
1599   } break;
1600 
1601   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1602   {
1603     Symbol* s1 = symbol_at(index1);
1604     Symbol* s2 = cp2->symbol_at(index2);
1605     if (s1 == s2) {
1606       return true;
1607     }
1608   } break;
1609 
1610   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1611   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1612   // not be seen by itself.
1613   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1614 
1615   default:
1616     ShouldNotReachHere();
1617     break;
1618   }
1619 
1620   return false;
1621 } // end compare_entry_to()
1622 
1623 // Extend the BSMAttributeEntries with the length and size of the ext_cp BSMAttributeEntries.
1624 // Used in RedefineClasses for CP merge.
1625 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
1626 ConstantPool::start_extension(const constantPoolHandle& ext_cp, TRAPS) {
1627   BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator iter =
1628     bsm_entries().start_extension(ext_cp->bsm_entries(), pool_holder()->class_loader_data(),
1629                                   CHECK_(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator()));
1630   return iter;
1631 }
1632 
1633 
1634 void ConstantPool::end_extension(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator iter, TRAPS) {
1635   bsm_entries().end_extension(iter, pool_holder()->class_loader_data(), THREAD);
1636 }
1637 
1638 
1639 void ConstantPool::copy_bsm_entries(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp,
1640                                     const constantPoolHandle& to_cp,
1641                                     TRAPS) {
1642   to_cp->bsm_entries().append(from_cp->bsm_entries(),
1643                               to_cp->pool_holder()->class_loader_data(),
1644                               THREAD);
1645 }
1646 
1647 
1648 // Copy this constant pool's entries at start_i to end_i (inclusive)
1649 // to the constant pool to_cp's entries starting at to_i. A total of
1650 // (end_i - start_i) + 1 entries are copied.
1651 void ConstantPool::copy_cp_to_impl(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int start_i, int end_i,
1652        const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i, TRAPS) {
1653 
1654 
1655   int dest_cpi = to_i;  // leave original alone for debug purposes
1656 
1657   for (int src_cpi = start_i; src_cpi <= end_i; /* see loop bottom */ ) {
1658     copy_entry_to(from_cp, src_cpi, to_cp, dest_cpi);
1659 
1660     switch (from_cp->tag_at(src_cpi).value()) {
1661     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1662     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1663       // double and long take two constant pool entries
1664       src_cpi += 2;
1665       dest_cpi += 2;
1666       break;
1667 
1668     default:
1669       // all others take one constant pool entry
1670       src_cpi++;
1671       dest_cpi++;
1672       break;
1673     }
1674   }
1675   copy_bsm_entries(from_cp, to_cp, THREAD);
1676 
1677 } // end copy_cp_to_impl()
1678 
1679 
1680 // Copy this constant pool's entry at from_i to the constant pool
1681 // to_cp's entry at to_i.
1682 void ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(const constantPoolHandle& from_cp, int from_i,
1683                                         const constantPoolHandle& to_cp, int to_i) {
1684 
1685   int tag = from_cp->tag_at(from_i).value();
1686   switch (tag) {
1687   case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1688   {
1689     jint ki = from_cp->klass_index_at(from_i);
1690     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, ki);
1691   } break;
1692 
1693   case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1694   {
1695     jdouble d = from_cp->double_at(from_i);
1696     to_cp->double_at_put(to_i, d);
1697     // double takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1698     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1699   } break;
1700 
1701   case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1702   {
1703     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1704     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1705     to_cp->field_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1706   } break;
1707 
1708   case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1709   {
1710     jfloat f = from_cp->float_at(from_i);
1711     to_cp->float_at_put(to_i, f);
1712   } break;
1713 
1714   case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1715   {
1716     jint i = from_cp->int_at(from_i);
1717     to_cp->int_at_put(to_i, i);
1718   } break;
1719 
1720   case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1721   {
1722     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1723     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1724     to_cp->interface_method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1725   } break;
1726 
1727   case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1728   {
1729     jlong l = from_cp->long_at(from_i);
1730     to_cp->long_at_put(to_i, l);
1731     // long takes two constant pool entries so init second entry's tag
1732     to_cp->tag_at_put(to_i + 1, JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid);
1733   } break;
1734 
1735   case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1736   {
1737     int class_index = from_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(from_i);
1738     int name_and_type_index = from_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1739     to_cp->method_at_put(to_i, class_index, name_and_type_index);
1740   } break;
1741 
1742   case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1743   {
1744     int name_ref_index = from_cp->name_ref_index_at(from_i);
1745     int signature_ref_index = from_cp->signature_ref_index_at(from_i);
1746     to_cp->name_and_type_at_put(to_i, name_ref_index, signature_ref_index);
1747   } break;
1748 
1749   case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1750   {
1751     jint si = from_cp->string_index_at(from_i);
1752     to_cp->string_index_at_put(to_i, si);
1753   } break;
1754 
1755   case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1756   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1757   case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1758   {
1759     // Revert to JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex
1760     int name_index = from_cp->klass_slot_at(from_i).name_index();
1761     assert(from_cp->tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
1762     to_cp->klass_index_at_put(to_i, name_index);
1763   } break;
1764 
1765   case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1766   {
1767     Symbol* s = from_cp->unresolved_string_at(from_i);
1768     to_cp->unresolved_string_at_put(to_i, s);
1769   } break;
1770 
1771   case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1772   {
1773     Symbol* s = from_cp->symbol_at(from_i);
1774     // Need to increase refcount, the old one will be thrown away and deferenced
1775     s->increment_refcount();
1776     to_cp->symbol_at_put(to_i, s);
1777   } break;
1778 
1779   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1780   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1781   {
1782     jint k = from_cp->method_type_index_at(from_i);
1783     to_cp->method_type_index_at_put(to_i, k);
1784   } break;
1785 
1786   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1787   case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1788   {
1789     int k1 = from_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(from_i);
1790     int k2 = from_cp->method_handle_index_at(from_i);
1791     to_cp->method_handle_index_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1792   } break;
1793 
1794   case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1795   case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1796   {
1797     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1798     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1799     k1 += to_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();  // to_cp might already have a BSM attribute
1800     to_cp->dynamic_constant_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1801   } break;
1802 
1803   case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1804   {
1805     int k1 = from_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(from_i);
1806     int k2 = from_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(from_i);
1807     k1 += to_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();  // to_cp might already have a BSM attribute
1808     to_cp->invoke_dynamic_at_put(to_i, k1, k2);
1809   } break;
1810 
1811   // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
1812   // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
1813   // not be seen by itself.
1814   case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
1815 
1816   default:
1817   {
1818     ShouldNotReachHere();
1819   } break;
1820   }
1821 } // end copy_entry_to()
1822 
1823 // Search constant pool search_cp for an entry that matches this
1824 // constant pool's entry at pattern_i. Returns the index of a
1825 // matching entry or zero (0) if there is no matching entry.
1826 int ConstantPool::find_matching_entry(int pattern_i,
1827       const constantPoolHandle& search_cp) {
1828 
1829   // index zero (0) is not used
1830   for (int i = 1; i < search_cp->length(); i++) {
1831     bool found = compare_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1832     if (found) {
1833       return i;
1834     }
1835   }
1836 
1837   return 0;  // entry not found; return unused index zero (0)
1838 } // end find_matching_entry()
1839 
1840 
1841 // Compare this constant pool's bootstrap specifier at idx1 to the constant pool
1842 // cp2's bootstrap specifier at idx2.
1843 bool ConstantPool::compare_bootstrap_entry_to(int idx1, const constantPoolHandle& cp2, int idx2) {
1844   const BSMAttributeEntry* const e1 = bsm_attribute_entry(idx1);
1845   const BSMAttributeEntry* const e2 = cp2->bsm_attribute_entry(idx2);
1846   int k1 = e1->bootstrap_method_index();
1847   int k2 = e2->bootstrap_method_index();
1848   bool match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1849 
1850   if (!match) {
1851     return false;
1852   }
1853 
1854   const int argc = e1->argument_count();
1855   if (argc != e2->argument_count()) {
1856     return false;
1857   }
1858 
1859   for (int j = 0; j < argc; j++) {
1860     k1 = e1->argument(j);
1861     k2 = e2->argument(j);
1862     match = compare_entry_to(k1, cp2, k2);
1863     if (!match) {
1864       return false;
1865     }
1866   }
1867 
1868   return true; // got through loop; all elements equal
1869 } // end compare_bootstrap_entry_to()
1870 
1871 // Search constant pool search_cp for a bootstrap specifier that matches
1872 // this constant pool's bootstrap specifier data at pattern_i index.
1873 // Return the index of a matching bootstrap attribute record or (-1) if there is no match.
1874 int ConstantPool::find_matching_bsm_entry(int pattern_i,
1875                                           const constantPoolHandle& search_cp, int offset_limit) {
1876   for (int i = 0; i < offset_limit; i++) {
1877     bool found = compare_bootstrap_entry_to(pattern_i, search_cp, i);
1878     if (found) {
1879       return i;
1880     }
1881   }
1882   return -1;  // bootstrap specifier data not found; return unused index (-1)
1883 } // end find_matching_bsm_entry()
1884 
1885 
1886 #ifndef PRODUCT
1887 
1888 const char* ConstantPool::printable_name_at(int cp_index) {
1889 
1890   constantTag tag = tag_at(cp_index);
1891 
1892   if (tag.is_string()) {
1893     return string_at_noresolve(cp_index);
1894   } else if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
1895     return klass_name_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1896   } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
1897     return symbol_at(cp_index)->as_C_string();
1898   }
1899   return "";
1900 }
1901 
1902 #endif // PRODUCT
1903 
1904 
1905 // Returns size of constant pool entry.
1906 jint ConstantPool::cpool_entry_size(jint idx) {
1907   switch(tag_at(idx).value()) {
1908     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid:
1909     case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode:
1910       return 1;
1911 
1912     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:
1913       return 3 + symbol_at(idx)->utf8_length();
1914 
1915     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1916     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:
1917     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex:
1918     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1919     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError:
1920     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex:
1921     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
1922     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError:
1923       return 3;
1924 
1925     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
1926     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError:
1927       return 4; //tag, ref_kind, ref_index
1928 
1929     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer:
1930     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:
1931     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
1932     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
1933     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
1934     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
1935       return 5;
1936 
1937     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
1938     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError:
1939     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
1940       // u1 tag, u2 bsm, u2 nt
1941       return 5;
1942 
1943     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1944     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1945       return 9;
1946   }
1947   assert(false, "cpool_entry_size: Invalid constant pool entry tag");
1948   return 1;
1949 } /* end cpool_entry_size */
1950 
1951 
1952 // SymbolHash is used to find a constant pool index from a string.
1953 // This function fills in SymbolHashs, one for utf8s and one for
1954 // class names, returns size of the cpool raw bytes.
1955 jint ConstantPool::hash_entries_to(SymbolHash *symmap,
1956                                    SymbolHash *classmap) {
1957   jint size = 0;
1958 
1959   for (u2 idx = 1; idx < length(); idx++) {
1960     u2 tag = tag_at(idx).value();
1961     size += cpool_entry_size(idx);
1962 
1963     switch(tag) {
1964       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
1965         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
1966         symmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
1967         break;
1968       }
1969       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1970       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1971       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
1972         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
1973         classmap->add_if_absent(sym, idx);
1974         break;
1975       }
1976       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1977       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
1978         idx++; // Both Long and Double take two cpool slots
1979         break;
1980       }
1981     }
1982   }
1983   return size;
1984 } /* end hash_utf8_entries_to */
1985 
1986 
1987 // Copy cpool bytes.
1988 // Returns:
1989 //    0, in case of OutOfMemoryError
1990 //   -1, in case of internal error
1991 //  > 0, count of the raw cpool bytes that have been copied
1992 int ConstantPool::copy_cpool_bytes(int cpool_size,
1993                                    SymbolHash* tbl,
1994                                    unsigned char *bytes) {
1995   u2   idx1, idx2;
1996   jint size  = 0;
1997   jint cnt   = length();
1998   unsigned char *start_bytes = bytes;
1999 
2000   for (jint idx = 1; idx < cnt; idx++) {
2001     u1   tag      = tag_at(idx).value();
2002     jint ent_size = cpool_entry_size(idx);
2003 
2004     assert(size + ent_size <= cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2005 
2006     *bytes = tag;
2007     switch(tag) {
2008       case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: {
2009         break;
2010       }
2011       case JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode: {
2012         assert(false, "Wrong constant pool tag: JVM_CONSTANT_Unicode");
2013         break;
2014       }
2015       case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8: {
2016         Symbol* sym = symbol_at(idx);
2017         char*     str = sym->as_utf8();
2018         // Warning! It's crashing on x86 with len = sym->utf8_length()
2019         int       len = (int) strlen(str);
2020         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), (u2) len);
2021         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
2022             bytes[3+i] = (u1) str[i];
2023         }
2024         break;
2025       }
2026       case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: {
2027         jint val = int_at(idx);
2028         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2029         break;
2030       }
2031       case JVM_CONSTANT_Float: {
2032         jfloat val = float_at(idx);
2033         Bytes::put_Java_u4((address) (bytes+1), *(u4*)&val);
2034         break;
2035       }
2036       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long: {
2037         jlong val = long_at(idx);
2038         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2039         idx++;             // Long takes two cpool slots
2040         break;
2041       }
2042       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double: {
2043         jdouble val = double_at(idx);
2044         Bytes::put_Java_u8((address) (bytes+1), *(u8*)&val);
2045         idx++;             // Double takes two cpool slots
2046         break;
2047       }
2048       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
2049       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
2050       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2051         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2052         Symbol* sym = klass_name_at(idx);
2053         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2054         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2055         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2056         break;
2057       }
2058       case JVM_CONSTANT_String: {
2059         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2060         Symbol* sym = unresolved_string_at(idx);
2061         idx1 = tbl->symbol_to_value(sym);
2062         assert(idx1 != 0, "Have not found a hashtable entry");
2063         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2064         break;
2065       }
2066       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
2067       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
2068       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: {
2069         idx1 = uncached_klass_ref_index_at(idx);
2070         idx2 = uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx);
2071         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2072         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2073         break;
2074       }
2075       case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType: {
2076         idx1 = name_ref_index_at(idx);
2077         idx2 = signature_ref_index_at(idx);
2078         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2079         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2080         break;
2081       }
2082       case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2083         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_Class;
2084         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(klass_index_at(idx));
2085         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2086         break;
2087       }
2088       case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: {
2089         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_String;
2090         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(string_index_at(idx));
2091         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2092         break;
2093       }
2094       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
2095       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError: {
2096         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle;
2097         int kind = method_handle_ref_kind_at(idx);
2098         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_handle_index_at(idx));
2099         *(bytes+1) = (unsigned char) kind;
2100         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+2), idx1);
2101         break;
2102       }
2103       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
2104       case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError: {
2105         *bytes = JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType;
2106         idx1 = checked_cast<u2>(method_type_index_at(idx));
2107         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2108         break;
2109       }
2110       case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:
2111       case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError: {
2112         *bytes = tag;
2113         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2114         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2115         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2116         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2117         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2118         break;
2119       }
2120       case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic: {
2121         *bytes = tag;
2122         idx1 = extract_low_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2123         idx2 = extract_high_short_from_int(*int_at_addr(idx));
2124         assert(idx2 == bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(idx), "correct half of u4");
2125         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+1), idx1);
2126         Bytes::put_Java_u2((address) (bytes+3), idx2);
2127         break;
2128       }
2129     }
2130     bytes += ent_size;
2131     size  += ent_size;
2132   }
2133   assert(size == cpool_size, "Size mismatch");
2134 
2135   return (int)(bytes - start_bytes);
2136 } /* end copy_cpool_bytes */
2137 
2138 bool ConstantPool::is_maybe_on_stack() const {
2139   // This method uses the similar logic as nmethod::is_maybe_on_stack()
2140   if (!Continuations::enabled()) {
2141     return false;
2142   }
2143 
2144   // If the condition below is true, it means that the nmethod was found to
2145   // be alive the previous completed marking cycle.
2146   return cache()->gc_epoch() >= CodeCache::previous_completed_gc_marking_cycle();
2147 }
2148 
2149 // For redefinition, if any methods found in loom stack chunks, the gc_epoch is
2150 // recorded in their constant pool cache. The on_stack-ness of the constant pool controls whether
2151 // memory for the method is reclaimed.
2152 bool ConstantPool::on_stack() const {
2153   if ((_flags &_on_stack) != 0) {
2154     return true;
2155   }
2156 
2157   if (_cache == nullptr) {
2158     return false;
2159   }
2160 
2161   return is_maybe_on_stack();
2162 }
2163 
2164 void ConstantPool::set_on_stack(const bool value) {
2165   if (value) {
2166     // Only record if it's not already set.
2167     if (!on_stack()) {
2168       assert(!in_aot_cache(), "should always be set for constant pools in AOT cache");
2169       _flags |= _on_stack;
2170       MetadataOnStackMark::record(this);
2171     }
2172   } else {
2173     // Clearing is done single-threadedly.
2174     if (!in_aot_cache()) {
2175       _flags &= (u2)(~_on_stack);
2176     }
2177   }
2178 }
2179 
2180 // Printing
2181 
2182 void ConstantPool::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
2183   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2184   st->print_cr("%s", internal_name());
2185   if (flags() != 0) {
2186     st->print(" - flags: 0x%x", flags());
2187     if (has_preresolution()) st->print(" has_preresolution");
2188     if (on_stack()) st->print(" on_stack");
2189     st->cr();
2190   }
2191   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2192     st->print_cr(" - holder: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(pool_holder()));
2193   }
2194   st->print_cr(" - cache: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2195   st->print_cr(" - resolved_references: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_references_or_null()));
2196   st->print_cr(" - reference_map: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(reference_map()));
2197   st->print_cr(" - resolved_klasses: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(resolved_klasses()));
2198   st->print_cr(" - cp length: %d", length());
2199 
2200   for (int index = 1; index < length(); index++) {      // Index 0 is unused
2201     ((ConstantPool*)this)->print_entry_on(index, st);
2202     switch (tag_at(index).value()) {
2203       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2204       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2205         index++;   // Skip entry following eigth-byte constant
2206     }
2207 
2208   }
2209   st->cr();
2210 }
2211 
2212 // Print one constant pool entry
2213 void ConstantPool::print_entry_on(const int cp_index, outputStream* st) {
2214   EXCEPTION_MARK;
2215   st->print(" - %3d : ", cp_index);
2216   tag_at(cp_index).print_on(st);
2217   st->print(" : ");
2218   switch (tag_at(cp_index).value()) {
2219     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class :
2220       { Klass* k = klass_at(cp_index, CATCH);
2221         guarantee(k != nullptr, "need klass");
2222         k->print_value_on(st);
2223         st->print(" {" PTR_FORMAT "}", p2i(k));
2224       }
2225       break;
2226     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref :
2227     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref :
2228     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref :
2229       st->print("klass_index=%d", uncached_klass_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2230       st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2231       break;
2232     case JVM_CONSTANT_String :
2233       unresolved_string_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2234       break;
2235     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer :
2236       st->print("%d", int_at(cp_index));
2237       break;
2238     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float :
2239       st->print("%f", float_at(cp_index));
2240       break;
2241     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long :
2242       st->print_jlong(long_at(cp_index));
2243       break;
2244     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double :
2245       st->print("%lf", double_at(cp_index));
2246       break;
2247     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType :
2248       st->print("name_index=%d", name_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2249       st->print(" signature_index=%d", signature_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2250       break;
2251     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8 :
2252       symbol_at(cp_index)->print_value_on(st);
2253       break;
2254     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: {
2255         int name_index = *int_at_addr(cp_index);
2256         st->print("klass_index=%d ", name_index);
2257         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2258       }
2259       break;
2260     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass :               // fall-through
2261     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: {
2262         CPKlassSlot kslot = klass_slot_at(cp_index);
2263         int resolved_klass_index = kslot.resolved_klass_index();
2264         int name_index = kslot.name_index();
2265         assert(tag_at(name_index).is_symbol(), "sanity");
2266         symbol_at(name_index)->print_value_on(st);
2267       }
2268       break;
2269     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle :
2270     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandleInError :
2271       st->print("ref_kind=%d", method_handle_ref_kind_at(cp_index));
2272       st->print(" ref_index=%d", method_handle_index_at(cp_index));
2273       break;
2274     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType :
2275     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodTypeInError :
2276       st->print("signature_index=%d", method_type_index_at(cp_index));
2277       break;
2278     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic :
2279     case JVM_CONSTANT_DynamicInError :
2280       {
2281         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2282         st->print(" type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2283         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2284         if (argc > 0) {
2285           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2286             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2287             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2288           }
2289           st->print("}");
2290         }
2291       }
2292       break;
2293     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic :
2294       {
2295         st->print("bootstrap_method_index=%d", bootstrap_method_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2296         st->print(" name_and_type_index=%d", bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(cp_index));
2297         int argc = bootstrap_argument_count_at(cp_index);
2298         if (argc > 0) {
2299           for (int arg_i = 0; arg_i < argc; arg_i++) {
2300             int arg = bootstrap_argument_index_at(cp_index, arg_i);
2301             st->print((arg_i == 0 ? " arguments={%d" : ", %d"), arg);
2302           }
2303           st->print("}");
2304         }
2305       }
2306       break;
2307     default:
2308       ShouldNotReachHere();
2309       break;
2310   }
2311   st->cr();
2312 }
2313 
2314 void ConstantPool::print_value_on(outputStream* st) const {
2315   assert(is_constantPool(), "must be constantPool");
2316   st->print("constant pool [%d]", length());
2317   if (has_preresolution()) st->print("/preresolution");
2318   if (!bsm_entries().is_empty())  st->print("/BSMs[%d]", bsm_entries().bootstrap_methods()->length());
2319   print_address_on(st);
2320   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2321     st->print(" for ");
2322     pool_holder()->print_value_on(st);
2323     bool extra = (pool_holder()->constants() != this);
2324     if (extra)  st->print(" (extra)");
2325   }
2326   if (cache() != nullptr) {
2327     st->print(" cache=" PTR_FORMAT, p2i(cache()));
2328   }
2329 }
2330 
2331 // Verification
2332 
2333 void ConstantPool::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
2334   guarantee(is_constantPool(), "object must be constant pool");
2335   for (int i = 0; i< length();  i++) {
2336     constantTag tag = tag_at(i);
2337     if (tag.is_klass() || tag.is_unresolved_klass()) {
2338       guarantee(klass_name_at(i)->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2339     } else if (tag.is_symbol()) {
2340       Symbol* entry = symbol_at(i);
2341       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2342     } else if (tag.is_string()) {
2343       Symbol* entry = unresolved_string_at(i);
2344       guarantee(entry->refcount() != 0, "should have nonzero reference count");
2345     }
2346   }
2347   if (pool_holder() != nullptr) {
2348     // Note: pool_holder() can be null in temporary constant pools
2349     // used during constant pool merging
2350     guarantee(pool_holder()->is_klass(),    "should be klass");
2351   }
2352 }
2353 
2354 void BSMAttributeEntries::deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {
2355   MetadataFactory::free_array<u4>(loader_data, this->_offsets);
2356   MetadataFactory::free_array<u2>(loader_data, this->_bootstrap_methods);
2357   this->_offsets = nullptr;
2358   this->_bootstrap_methods = nullptr;
2359 }
2360 
2361 void BSMAttributeEntries::copy_into(InsertionIterator& iter, int num_entries) const {
2362   assert(num_entries + iter._cur_offset <= iter._insert_into->_offsets->length(), "must");
2363   for (int i = 0; i < num_entries; i++) {
2364     const BSMAttributeEntry* e = entry(i);
2365     BSMAttributeEntry* e_new = iter.reserve_new_entry(e->bootstrap_method_index(), e->argument_count());
2366     assert(e_new != nullptr, "must be");
2367     e->copy_args_into(e_new);
2368   }
2369 }
2370 
2371 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
2372 BSMAttributeEntries::start_extension(const BSMAttributeEntries& other, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2373   InsertionIterator iter = start_extension(other.number_of_entries(), other.array_length(),
2374                                            loader_data, CHECK_(BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator()));
2375   return iter;
2376 }
2377 
2378 BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator
2379 BSMAttributeEntries::start_extension(int number_of_entries, int array_length,
2380                                      ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2381   InsertionIterator extension_iterator(this, this->number_of_entries(), this->array_length());
2382   int new_number_of_entries = this->number_of_entries() + number_of_entries;
2383   int new_array_length = this->array_length() + array_length;
2384   int invalid_index = new_array_length;
2385 
2386   Array<u4>* new_offsets =
2387     MetadataFactory::new_array<u4>(loader_data, new_number_of_entries, invalid_index, CHECK_(InsertionIterator()));
2388   Array<u2>* new_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, new_array_length, CHECK_(InsertionIterator()));
2389   { // Copy over all the old BSMAEntry's and their respective offsets
2390     BSMAttributeEntries carrier(new_offsets, new_array);
2391     InsertionIterator copy_iter(&carrier, 0, 0);
2392     copy_into(copy_iter, this->number_of_entries());
2393   }
2394   // Replace content
2395   deallocate_contents(loader_data);
2396   _offsets = new_offsets;
2397   _bootstrap_methods = new_array;
2398   return extension_iterator;
2399 }
2400 
2401 
2402 void BSMAttributeEntries::append(const BSMAttributeEntries& other, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2403   if (other.number_of_entries() == 0) {
2404     return; // Done!
2405   }
2406   InsertionIterator iter = start_extension(other, loader_data, CHECK);
2407   other.copy_into(iter, other.number_of_entries());
2408   end_extension(iter, loader_data, THREAD);
2409 }
2410 
2411 void BSMAttributeEntries::end_extension(InsertionIterator& iter, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, TRAPS) {
2412   assert(iter._insert_into == this, "must be");
2413   assert(iter._cur_offset <= this->_offsets->length(), "must be");
2414   assert(iter._cur_array <= this->_bootstrap_methods->length(), "must be");
2415 
2416   // Did we fill up all of the available space? If so, do nothing.
2417   if (iter._cur_offset == this->_offsets->length() &&
2418       iter._cur_array == this->_bootstrap_methods->length()) {
2419     return;
2420   }
2421 
2422   // We used less, truncate by allocating new arrays
2423   Array<u4>* new_offsets =
2424       MetadataFactory::new_array<u4>(loader_data, iter._cur_offset, 0, CHECK);
2425   Array<u2>* new_array =
2426     MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(loader_data, iter._cur_array, CHECK);
2427   { // Copy over the constructed BSMAEntry's
2428     BSMAttributeEntries carrier(new_offsets, new_array);
2429     InsertionIterator copy_iter(&carrier, 0, 0);
2430     copy_into(copy_iter, iter._cur_offset);
2431   }
2432 
2433   deallocate_contents(loader_data);
2434   _offsets = new_offsets;
2435   _bootstrap_methods = new_array;
2436 }