1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classFileStream.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/classLoadInfo.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/klassFactory.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stackMapTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  39 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/oopMapCache.hpp"
  41 #include "interpreter/rewriter.hpp"
  42 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/annotations.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/bsmAttribute.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/klassVtable.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/method.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/recordComponent.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/trainingData.hpp"
  57 #include "prims/jvmtiImpl.hpp"
  58 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClasses.hpp"
  59 #include "prims/jvmtiThreadState.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "prims/methodComparator.hpp"
  61 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/relocator.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  69 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  72 #if INCLUDE_JFR
  73 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
  74 #endif
  75 
  76 Array<Method*>* VM_RedefineClasses::_old_methods = nullptr;
  77 Array<Method*>* VM_RedefineClasses::_new_methods = nullptr;
  78 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_matching_old_methods = nullptr;
  79 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_matching_new_methods = nullptr;
  80 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_deleted_methods      = nullptr;
  81 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_added_methods        = nullptr;
  82 int       VM_RedefineClasses::_matching_methods_length = 0;
  83 int       VM_RedefineClasses::_deleted_methods_length  = 0;
  84 int       VM_RedefineClasses::_added_methods_length    = 0;
  85 
  86 // This flag is global as the constructor does not reset it:
  87 bool      VM_RedefineClasses::_has_redefined_Object = false;
  88 u8        VM_RedefineClasses::_id_counter = 0;
  89 
  90 VM_RedefineClasses::VM_RedefineClasses(jint class_count,
  91                                        const jvmtiClassDefinition *class_defs,
  92                                        JvmtiClassLoadKind class_load_kind) {
  93   _class_count = class_count;
  94   _class_defs = class_defs;
  95   _class_load_kind = class_load_kind;
  96   _any_class_has_resolved_methods = false;
  97   _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
  98   _the_class = nullptr;
  99   _id = next_id();
 100 }
 101 
 102 static inline InstanceKlass* get_ik(jclass def) {
 103   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(def);
 104   return java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror);
 105 }
 106 
 107 // If any of the classes are being redefined, wait
 108 // Parallel constant pool merging leads to indeterminate constant pools.
 109 void VM_RedefineClasses::lock_classes() {
 110   JvmtiThreadState *state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(JavaThread::current());
 111   GrowableArray<Klass*>* redef_classes = state->get_classes_being_redefined();
 112 
 113   MonitorLocker ml(RedefineClasses_lock);
 114 
 115   if (redef_classes == nullptr) {
 116     redef_classes = new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(1, mtClass);
 117     state->set_classes_being_redefined(redef_classes);
 118   }
 119 
 120   bool has_redefined;
 121   do {
 122     has_redefined = false;
 123     // Go through classes each time until none are being redefined. Skip
 124     // the ones that are being redefined by this thread currently. Class file
 125     // load hook event may trigger new class redefine when we are redefining
 126     // a class (after lock_classes()).
 127     for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 128       InstanceKlass* ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 129       // Check if we are currently redefining the class in this thread already.
 130       if (redef_classes->contains(ik)) {
 131         assert(ik->is_being_redefined(), "sanity");
 132       } else {
 133         if (ik->is_being_redefined()) {
 134           ml.wait();
 135           has_redefined = true;
 136           break;  // for loop
 137         }
 138       }
 139     }
 140   } while (has_redefined);
 141 
 142   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 143     InstanceKlass* ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 144     redef_classes->push(ik); // Add to the _classes_being_redefined list
 145     ik->set_is_being_redefined(true);
 146   }
 147   ml.notify_all();
 148 }
 149 
 150 void VM_RedefineClasses::unlock_classes() {
 151   JvmtiThreadState *state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(JavaThread::current());
 152   GrowableArray<Klass*>* redef_classes = state->get_classes_being_redefined();
 153   assert(redef_classes != nullptr, "_classes_being_redefined is not allocated");
 154 
 155   MonitorLocker ml(RedefineClasses_lock);
 156 
 157   for (int i = _class_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 158     InstanceKlass* def_ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 159     if (redef_classes->length() > 0) {
 160       // Remove the class from _classes_being_redefined list
 161       Klass* k = redef_classes->pop();
 162       assert(def_ik == k, "unlocking wrong class");
 163     }
 164     assert(def_ik->is_being_redefined(),
 165            "should be being redefined to get here");
 166 
 167     // Unlock after we finish all redefines for this class within
 168     // the thread. Same class can be pushed to the list multiple
 169     // times (not more than once by each recursive redefinition).
 170     if (!redef_classes->contains(def_ik)) {
 171       def_ik->set_is_being_redefined(false);
 172     }
 173   }
 174   ml.notify_all();
 175 }
 176 
 177 bool VM_RedefineClasses::doit_prologue() {
 178   if (_class_count == 0) {
 179     _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
 180     return false;
 181   }
 182   if (_class_defs == nullptr) {
 183     _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NULL_POINTER;
 184     return false;
 185   }
 186 
 187   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 188     if (_class_defs[i].klass == nullptr) {
 189       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS;
 190       return false;
 191     }
 192     if (_class_defs[i].class_byte_count == 0) {
 193       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS_FORMAT;
 194       return false;
 195     }
 196     if (_class_defs[i].class_bytes == nullptr) {
 197       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NULL_POINTER;
 198       return false;
 199     }
 200 
 201     oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(_class_defs[i].klass);
 202     // classes for primitives, arrays, and hidden classes
 203     // cannot be redefined.
 204     if (!is_modifiable_class(mirror)) {
 205       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_UNMODIFIABLE_CLASS;
 206       return false;
 207     }
 208   }
 209 
 210   // Start timer after all the sanity checks; not quite accurate, but
 211   // better than adding a bunch of stop() calls.
 212   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
 213     _timer_vm_op_prologue.start();
 214   }
 215 
 216   lock_classes();
 217   // We first load new class versions in the prologue, because somewhere down the
 218   // call chain it is required that the current thread is a Java thread.
 219   _res = load_new_class_versions();
 220   if (_res != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
 221     // free any successfully created classes, since none are redefined
 222     for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 223       if (_scratch_classes[i] != nullptr) {
 224         ClassLoaderData* cld = _scratch_classes[i]->class_loader_data();
 225         // Free the memory for this class at class unloading time.  Not before
 226         // because CMS might think this is still live.
 227         InstanceKlass* ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 228         if (ik->get_cached_class_file() == _scratch_classes[i]->get_cached_class_file()) {
 229           // Don't double-free cached_class_file copied from the original class if error.
 230           _scratch_classes[i]->set_cached_class_file(nullptr);
 231         }
 232         cld->add_to_deallocate_list(InstanceKlass::cast(_scratch_classes[i]));
 233       }
 234     }
 235     // Free os::malloc allocated memory in load_new_class_version.
 236     os::free(_scratch_classes);
 237     _timer_vm_op_prologue.stop();
 238     unlock_classes();
 239     return false;
 240   }
 241 
 242   _timer_vm_op_prologue.stop();
 243   return true;
 244 }
 245 
 246 void VM_RedefineClasses::doit() {
 247   Thread* current = Thread::current();
 248 
 249   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
 250     _timer_vm_op_doit.start();
 251   }
 252 
 253 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 254   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
 255     // Sharing is enabled so we remap the shared readonly space to
 256     // shared readwrite, private just in case we need to redefine
 257     // a shared class. We do the remap during the doit() phase of
 258     // the safepoint to be safer.
 259     if (!AOTMetaspace::remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
 260       log_info(redefine, class, load)("failed to remap shared readonly space to readwrite, private");
 261       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
 262       _timer_vm_op_doit.stop();
 263       return;
 264     }
 265   }
 266 #endif
 267 
 268   // Mark methods seen on stack and everywhere else so old methods are not
 269   // cleaned up if they're on the stack.
 270   MetadataOnStackMark md_on_stack(/*walk_all_metadata*/true, /*redefinition_walk*/true);
 271   HandleMark hm(current);   // make sure any handles created are deleted
 272                             // before the stack walk again.
 273 
 274   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 275     redefine_single_class(current, _class_defs[i].klass, _scratch_classes[i]);
 276   }
 277 
 278 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 279   TrainingData::cleanup_after_redefinition();
 280 #endif
 281 
 282   // Flush all compiled code that depends on the classes redefined.
 283   flush_dependent_code();
 284 
 285   // Adjust constantpool caches and vtables for all classes
 286   // that reference methods of the evolved classes.
 287   // Have to do this after all classes are redefined and all methods that
 288   // are redefined are marked as old.
 289   AdjustAndCleanMetadata adjust_and_clean_metadata(current);
 290   ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&adjust_and_clean_metadata);
 291 
 292   // JSR-292 support
 293   if (_any_class_has_resolved_methods) {
 294     bool trace_name_printed = false;
 295     ResolvedMethodTable::adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
 296   }
 297 
 298   // Increment flag indicating that some invariants are no longer true.
 299   // See jvmtiExport.hpp for detailed explanation.
 300   JvmtiExport::increment_redefinition_count();
 301 
 302   // check_class() is optionally called for product bits, but is
 303   // always called for non-product bits.
 304 #ifdef PRODUCT
 305   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
 306 #endif
 307     log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)("calling check_class");
 308     CheckClass check_class(current);
 309     ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&check_class);
 310 #ifdef PRODUCT
 311   }
 312 #endif
 313 
 314   // Clean up any metadata now unreferenced while MetadataOnStackMark is set.
 315   ClassLoaderDataGraph::clean_deallocate_lists(false);
 316 
 317   _timer_vm_op_doit.stop();
 318 }
 319 
 320 void VM_RedefineClasses::doit_epilogue() {
 321   unlock_classes();
 322 
 323   // Free os::malloc allocated memory.
 324   os::free(_scratch_classes);
 325 
 326   // Reset the_class to null for error printing.
 327   _the_class = nullptr;
 328 
 329   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
 330     // Used to have separate timers for "doit" and "all", but the timer
 331     // overhead skewed the measurements.
 332     julong doit_time = _timer_vm_op_doit.milliseconds();
 333     julong all_time = _timer_vm_op_prologue.milliseconds() + doit_time;
 334 
 335     log_info(redefine, class, timer)
 336       ("vm_op: all=" JULONG_FORMAT "  prologue=" JULONG_FORMAT "  doit=" JULONG_FORMAT,
 337        all_time, (julong)_timer_vm_op_prologue.milliseconds(), doit_time);
 338     log_info(redefine, class, timer)
 339       ("redefine_single_class: phase1=" JULONG_FORMAT "  phase2=" JULONG_FORMAT,
 340        (julong)_timer_rsc_phase1.milliseconds(), (julong)_timer_rsc_phase2.milliseconds());
 341   }
 342 }
 343 
 344 bool VM_RedefineClasses::is_modifiable_class(oop klass_mirror) {
 345   // classes for primitives cannot be redefined
 346   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(klass_mirror)) {
 347     return false;
 348   }
 349   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(klass_mirror);
 350   // classes for arrays cannot be redefined
 351   if (k == nullptr || !k->is_instance_klass()) {
 352     return false;
 353   }
 354 
 355   // Cannot redefine or retransform a hidden class.
 356   if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_hidden()) {
 357     return false;
 358   }
 359   if (InstanceKlass::cast(k) == vmClasses::Continuation_klass()) {
 360     // Don't redefine Continuation class. See 8302779.
 361     return false;
 362   }
 363   return true;
 364 }
 365 
 366 // Append the current entry at scratch_i in scratch_cp to *merge_cp_p
 367 // where the end of *merge_cp_p is specified by *merge_cp_length_p. For
 368 // direct CP entries, there is just the current entry to append. For
 369 // indirect and double-indirect CP entries, there are zero or more
 370 // referenced CP entries along with the current entry to append.
 371 // Indirect and double-indirect CP entries are handled by recursive
 372 // calls to append_entry() as needed. The referenced CP entries are
 373 // always appended to *merge_cp_p before the referee CP entry. These
 374 // referenced CP entries may already exist in *merge_cp_p in which case
 375 // there is nothing extra to append and only the current entry is
 376 // appended.
 377 void VM_RedefineClasses::append_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
 378        int scratch_i, constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 379 
 380   // append is different depending on entry tag type
 381   switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
 382 
 383     // The old verifier is implemented outside the VM. It loads classes,
 384     // but does not resolve constant pool entries directly so we never
 385     // see Class entries here with the old verifier. Similarly the old
 386     // verifier does not like Class entries in the input constant pool.
 387     // The split-verifier is implemented in the VM so it can optionally
 388     // and directly resolve constant pool entries to load classes. The
 389     // split-verifier can accept either Class entries or UnresolvedClass
 390     // entries in the input constant pool. We revert the appended copy
 391     // back to UnresolvedClass so that either verifier will be happy
 392     // with the constant pool entry.
 393     //
 394     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 395     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 396     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 397     {
 398       int name_i = scratch_cp->klass_name_index_at(scratch_i);
 399       int new_name_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, name_i, merge_cp_p,
 400                                                      merge_cp_length_p);
 401 
 402       if (new_name_i != name_i) {
 403         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 404           ("Class entry@%d name_index change: %d to %d",
 405            *merge_cp_length_p, name_i, new_name_i);
 406       }
 407 
 408       (*merge_cp_p)->temp_unresolved_klass_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_name_i);
 409       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 410         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 411         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 412         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 413       }
 414       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 415     } break;
 416 
 417     // these are direct CP entries so they can be directly appended,
 418     // but double and long take two constant pool entries
 419     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:  // fall through
 420     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 421     {
 422       ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_p, *merge_cp_length_p);
 423 
 424       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 425         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 426         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 427         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 428       }
 429       (*merge_cp_length_p) += 2;
 430     } break;
 431 
 432     // these are direct CP entries so they can be directly appended
 433     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:   // fall through
 434     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: // fall through
 435     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:    // fall through
 436 
 437     // This was an indirect CP entry, but it has been changed into
 438     // Symbol*s so this entry can be directly appended.
 439     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:      // fall through
 440     {
 441       ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_p, *merge_cp_length_p);
 442 
 443       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 444         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 445         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 446         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 447       }
 448       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 449     } break;
 450 
 451     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 452     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
 453     {
 454       int name_ref_i = scratch_cp->name_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 455       int new_name_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, name_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 456                                                          merge_cp_length_p);
 457 
 458       int signature_ref_i = scratch_cp->signature_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 459       int new_signature_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, signature_ref_i,
 460                                                               merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 461 
 462       // If the referenced entries already exist in *merge_cp_p, then
 463       // both new_name_ref_i and new_signature_ref_i will both be 0.
 464       // In that case, all we are appending is the current entry.
 465       if (new_name_ref_i != name_ref_i) {
 466         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 467           ("NameAndType entry@%d name_ref_index change: %d to %d",
 468            *merge_cp_length_p, name_ref_i, new_name_ref_i);
 469       }
 470       if (new_signature_ref_i != signature_ref_i) {
 471         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 472           ("NameAndType entry@%d signature_ref_index change: %d to %d",
 473            *merge_cp_length_p, signature_ref_i, new_signature_ref_i);
 474       }
 475 
 476       (*merge_cp_p)->name_and_type_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p,
 477         new_name_ref_i, new_signature_ref_i);
 478       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 479         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 480         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 481         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 482       }
 483       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 484     } break;
 485 
 486     // this is a double-indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 487     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:           // fall through
 488     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: // fall through
 489     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 490     {
 491       int klass_ref_i = scratch_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 492       int new_klass_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, klass_ref_i,
 493                                                           merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 494 
 495       int name_and_type_ref_i = scratch_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 496       int new_name_and_type_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, name_and_type_ref_i,
 497                                                           merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 498 
 499       const char *entry_name = nullptr;
 500       switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
 501       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 502         entry_name = "Fieldref";
 503         (*merge_cp_p)->field_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_klass_ref_i,
 504           new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 505         break;
 506       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 507         entry_name = "IFMethodref";
 508         (*merge_cp_p)->interface_method_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p,
 509           new_klass_ref_i, new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 510         break;
 511       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 512         entry_name = "Methodref";
 513         (*merge_cp_p)->method_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_klass_ref_i,
 514           new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 515         break;
 516       default:
 517         guarantee(false, "bad switch");
 518         break;
 519       }
 520 
 521       if (klass_ref_i != new_klass_ref_i) {
 522         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 523           ("%s entry@%d class_index changed: %d to %d", entry_name, *merge_cp_length_p, klass_ref_i, new_klass_ref_i);
 524       }
 525       if (name_and_type_ref_i != new_name_and_type_ref_i) {
 526         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 527           ("%s entry@%d name_and_type_index changed: %d to %d",
 528            entry_name, *merge_cp_length_p, name_and_type_ref_i, new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 529       }
 530 
 531       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 532         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 533         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 534         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 535       }
 536       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 537     } break;
 538 
 539     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 540     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 541     {
 542       int ref_i = scratch_cp->method_type_index_at(scratch_i);
 543       int new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 544                                                     merge_cp_length_p);
 545       if (new_ref_i != ref_i) {
 546         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 547           ("MethodType entry@%d ref_index change: %d to %d", *merge_cp_length_p, ref_i, new_ref_i);
 548       }
 549       (*merge_cp_p)->method_type_index_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_ref_i);
 550       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 551         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 552         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 553         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 554       }
 555       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 556     } break;
 557 
 558     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 559     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 560     {
 561       int ref_kind = scratch_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(scratch_i);
 562       int ref_i = scratch_cp->method_handle_index_at(scratch_i);
 563       int new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 564                                                     merge_cp_length_p);
 565       if (new_ref_i != ref_i) {
 566         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 567           ("MethodHandle entry@%d ref_index change: %d to %d", *merge_cp_length_p, ref_i, new_ref_i);
 568       }
 569       (*merge_cp_p)->method_handle_index_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, ref_kind, new_ref_i);
 570       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 571         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 572         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 573         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 574       }
 575       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 576     } break;
 577 
 578     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 579     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:  // fall through
 580     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
 581     {
 582       // Index of the bootstrap specifier in the BSM array
 583       int old_bs_i = scratch_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(scratch_i);
 584       int new_bs_i = find_or_append_bsm_entry(scratch_cp, old_bs_i, merge_cp_p,
 585                                             merge_cp_length_p);
 586       // The bootstrap method NameAndType_info index
 587       int old_ref_i = scratch_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 588       int new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, old_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 589                                                     merge_cp_length_p);
 590       if (new_bs_i != old_bs_i) {
 591         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 592           ("Dynamic entry@%d bootstrap_method_attr_index change: %d to %d",
 593            *merge_cp_length_p, old_bs_i, new_bs_i);
 594       }
 595       if (new_ref_i != old_ref_i) {
 596         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 597           ("Dynamic entry@%d name_and_type_index change: %d to %d", *merge_cp_length_p, old_ref_i, new_ref_i);
 598       }
 599 
 600       if (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).is_dynamic_constant()) {
 601         (*merge_cp_p)->dynamic_constant_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_bs_i, new_ref_i);
 602       } else {
 603         (*merge_cp_p)->invoke_dynamic_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_bs_i, new_ref_i);
 604       }
 605       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 606         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 607         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 608         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 609       }
 610       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 611     } break;
 612 
 613     // At this stage, Class or UnresolvedClass could be in scratch_cp, but not
 614     // ClassIndex
 615     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: // fall through
 616 
 617     // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
 618     // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
 619     // not be seen by itself.
 620     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
 621 
 622     // At this stage, String could be here, but not StringIndex
 623     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: // fall through
 624 
 625     // At this stage JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError should not be
 626     // here
 627     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: // fall through
 628 
 629     default:
 630     {
 631       // leave a breadcrumb
 632       jbyte bad_value = scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value();
 633       ShouldNotReachHere();
 634     } break;
 635   } // end switch tag value
 636 } // end append_entry()
 637 
 638 
 639 u2 VM_RedefineClasses::find_or_append_indirect_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
 640       int ref_i, constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 641 
 642   int new_ref_i = ref_i;
 643   bool match = (ref_i < *merge_cp_length_p) &&
 644                scratch_cp->compare_entry_to(ref_i, *merge_cp_p, ref_i);
 645 
 646   if (!match) {
 647     // forward reference in *merge_cp_p or not a direct match
 648     int found_i = scratch_cp->find_matching_entry(ref_i, *merge_cp_p);
 649     if (found_i != 0) {
 650       guarantee(found_i != ref_i, "compare_entry_to() and find_matching_entry() do not agree");
 651       // Found a matching entry somewhere else in *merge_cp_p so just need a mapping entry.
 652       new_ref_i = found_i;
 653       map_index(scratch_cp, ref_i, found_i);
 654     } else {
 655       // no match found so we have to append this entry to *merge_cp_p
 656       append_entry(scratch_cp, ref_i, merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 657       // The above call to append_entry() can only append one entry
 658       // so the post call query of *merge_cp_length_p is only for
 659       // the sake of consistency.
 660       new_ref_i = *merge_cp_length_p - 1;
 661     }
 662   }
 663 
 664   // constant pool indices are u2, unless the merged constant pool overflows which
 665   // we don't check for.
 666   return checked_cast<u2>(new_ref_i);
 667 } // end find_or_append_indirect_entry()
 668 
 669 
 670 // Append a bootstrap specifier into the merge_cp BSM entries that is semantically equal
 671 // to the scratch_cp BSM entries' bootstrap specifier passed by the old_bs_i index.
 672 // Recursively append new merge_cp entries referenced by the new bootstrap specifier.
 673 int VM_RedefineClasses::append_bsm_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp, const int old_bs_i,
 674        constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 675 
 676   BSMAttributeEntry* old_bsme = scratch_cp->bsm_attribute_entry(old_bs_i);
 677   u2 old_ref_i = old_bsme->bootstrap_method_index();
 678   u2 new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, old_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 679                                                merge_cp_length_p);
 680   if (new_ref_i != old_ref_i) {
 681     log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 682       ("BSM attribute entry@%d bootstrap method ref_index change: %d to %d", _bsmae_iter.current_offset() - 1, old_ref_i, new_ref_i);
 683   }
 684 
 685   const int new_bs_i = _bsmae_iter.current_offset();
 686   BSMAttributeEntry* new_bsme =
 687     _bsmae_iter.reserve_new_entry(new_ref_i, old_bsme->argument_count());
 688   assert(new_bsme != nullptr, "must be");
 689   for (int i = 0; i < new_bsme->argument_count(); i++) {
 690     u2 old_arg_ref_i = old_bsme->argument(i);
 691     u2 new_arg_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, old_arg_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 692                                                      merge_cp_length_p);
 693     new_bsme->set_argument(i, new_arg_ref_i);
 694 
 695     if (new_arg_ref_i != old_arg_ref_i) {
 696       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 697         ("BSM attribute entry@%d bootstrap method argument ref_index change: %d to %d",
 698          _bsmae_iter.current_offset() - 1, old_arg_ref_i, new_arg_ref_i);
 699     }
 700   }
 701   // This is only for the logging
 702   map_bsm_index(old_bs_i, new_bs_i);
 703   return new_bs_i;
 704 } // end append_bsm_entry()
 705 
 706 
 707 int VM_RedefineClasses::find_or_append_bsm_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
 708       int old_bs_i, constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 709 
 710   const int max_offset_in_merge = _bsmae_iter.current_offset();
 711   int new_bs_i = old_bs_i; // bootstrap specifier index
 712   // Has the old_bs_i index been used already? Check if it's the same so we know
 713   // whether or not a remapping is required.
 714   bool match = (old_bs_i < max_offset_in_merge) &&
 715                scratch_cp->compare_bootstrap_entry_to(old_bs_i, *merge_cp_p, old_bs_i);
 716 
 717   if (!match) {
 718     // forward reference in *merge_cp_p or not a direct match
 719     int found_i = scratch_cp->find_matching_bsm_entry(old_bs_i, *merge_cp_p,
 720                                                       max_offset_in_merge);
 721     if (found_i != -1) {
 722       guarantee(found_i != old_bs_i, "compare_bootstrap_entry_to() and find_matching_bsm_entry() disagree");
 723       // found a matching BSM entry somewhere else in *merge_cp_p so just need a mapping
 724       new_bs_i = found_i;
 725       map_bsm_index(old_bs_i, found_i);
 726     } else {
 727       // no match found so we have to append this bootstrap specifier to *merge_cp_p
 728       new_bs_i = append_bsm_entry(scratch_cp, old_bs_i, merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 729     }
 730   }
 731   return new_bs_i;
 732 } // end find_or_append_bsm_entry()
 733 
 734 
 735 void VM_RedefineClasses::finalize_bsm_entries_merge(const constantPoolHandle& merge_cp, TRAPS) {
 736   if (merge_cp->bsm_entries().number_of_entries() == 0) {
 737     return;
 738   }
 739   // Finished extending the BSMAEs
 740   merge_cp->end_extension(_bsmae_iter, CHECK);
 741 
 742   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, constantpool)) {
 743     // don't want to loop unless we are tracing
 744     int count = 0;
 745     for (int i = 1; i < _bsm_index_map_p->length(); i++) {
 746       int value = _bsm_index_map_p->at(i);
 747       if (value != -1) {
 748         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("bsm_index_map[%d]: old=%d new=%d", count, i, value);
 749         count++;
 750       }
 751     }
 752   }
 753   // Clean-up
 754   _bsm_index_map_p = nullptr;
 755   _bsm_index_map_count = 0;
 756   _bsmae_iter = BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator();
 757 } // end finalize_bsmentries_merge()
 758 
 759 // Symbol* comparator for qsort
 760 // The caller must have an active ResourceMark.
 761 static int symcmp(const void* a, const void* b) {
 762   char* astr = (*(Symbol**)a)->as_C_string();
 763   char* bstr = (*(Symbol**)b)->as_C_string();
 764   return strcmp(astr, bstr);
 765 }
 766 
 767 // The caller must have an active ResourceMark.
 768 static jvmtiError check_attribute_arrays(const char* attr_name,
 769            InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class,
 770            Array<u2>* the_array, Array<u2>* scr_array) {
 771   bool the_array_exists = the_array != Universe::the_empty_short_array();
 772   bool scr_array_exists = scr_array != Universe::the_empty_short_array();
 773 
 774   int array_len = the_array->length();
 775   if (the_array_exists && scr_array_exists) {
 776     if (array_len != scr_array->length()) {
 777       log_trace(redefine, class)
 778         ("redefined class %s attribute change error: %s len=%d changed to len=%d",
 779          the_class->external_name(), attr_name, array_len, scr_array->length());
 780       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 781     }
 782 
 783     // The order of entries in the attribute array is not specified so we
 784     // have to explicitly check for the same contents. We do this by copying
 785     // the referenced symbols into their own arrays, sorting them and then
 786     // comparing each element pair.
 787 
 788     Symbol** the_syms = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(Symbol*, array_len);
 789     Symbol** scr_syms = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(Symbol*, array_len);
 790 
 791     if (the_syms == nullptr || scr_syms == nullptr) {
 792       return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
 793     }
 794 
 795     for (int i = 0; i < array_len; i++) {
 796       int the_cp_index = the_array->at(i);
 797       int scr_cp_index = scr_array->at(i);
 798       the_syms[i] = the_class->constants()->klass_name_at(the_cp_index);
 799       scr_syms[i] = scratch_class->constants()->klass_name_at(scr_cp_index);
 800     }
 801 
 802     qsort(the_syms, array_len, sizeof(Symbol*), symcmp);
 803     qsort(scr_syms, array_len, sizeof(Symbol*), symcmp);
 804 
 805     for (int i = 0; i < array_len; i++) {
 806       if (the_syms[i] != scr_syms[i]) {
 807         log_info(redefine, class)
 808           ("redefined class %s attribute change error: %s[%d]: %s changed to %s",
 809            the_class->external_name(), attr_name, i,
 810            the_syms[i]->as_C_string(), scr_syms[i]->as_C_string());
 811         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 812       }
 813     }
 814   } else if (the_array_exists ^ scr_array_exists) {
 815     const char* action_str = (the_array_exists) ? "removed" : "added";
 816     log_info(redefine, class)
 817       ("redefined class %s attribute change error: %s attribute %s",
 818        the_class->external_name(), attr_name, action_str);
 819     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 820   }
 821   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
 822 }
 823 
 824 static jvmtiError check_nest_attributes(InstanceKlass* the_class,
 825                                         InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 826   // Check whether the class NestHost attribute has been changed.
 827   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
 828   ResourceMark rm(thread);
 829   u2 the_nest_host_idx = the_class->nest_host_index();
 830   u2 scr_nest_host_idx = scratch_class->nest_host_index();
 831 
 832   if (the_nest_host_idx != 0 && scr_nest_host_idx != 0) {
 833     Symbol* the_sym = the_class->constants()->klass_name_at(the_nest_host_idx);
 834     Symbol* scr_sym = scratch_class->constants()->klass_name_at(scr_nest_host_idx);
 835     if (the_sym != scr_sym) {
 836       log_info(redefine, class, nestmates)
 837         ("redefined class %s attribute change error: NestHost class: %s replaced with: %s",
 838          the_class->external_name(), the_sym->as_C_string(), scr_sym->as_C_string());
 839       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 840     }
 841   } else if ((the_nest_host_idx == 0) ^ (scr_nest_host_idx == 0)) {
 842     const char* action_str = (the_nest_host_idx != 0) ? "removed" : "added";
 843     log_info(redefine, class, nestmates)
 844       ("redefined class %s attribute change error: NestHost attribute %s",
 845        the_class->external_name(), action_str);
 846     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 847   }
 848 
 849   // Check whether the class NestMembers attribute has been changed.
 850   return check_attribute_arrays("NestMembers",
 851                                 the_class, scratch_class,
 852                                 the_class->nest_members(),
 853                                 scratch_class->nest_members());
 854 }
 855 
 856 // Return an error status if the class Record attribute was changed.
 857 static jvmtiError check_record_attribute(InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 858   // Get lists of record components.
 859   Array<RecordComponent*>* the_record = the_class->record_components();
 860   Array<RecordComponent*>* scr_record = scratch_class->record_components();
 861   bool the_record_exists = the_record != nullptr;
 862   bool scr_record_exists = scr_record != nullptr;
 863 
 864   if (the_record_exists && scr_record_exists) {
 865     int the_num_components = the_record->length();
 866     int scr_num_components = scr_record->length();
 867     if (the_num_components != scr_num_components) {
 868       log_info(redefine, class, record)
 869         ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record num_components=%d changed to num_components=%d",
 870          the_class->external_name(), the_num_components, scr_num_components);
 871       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 872     }
 873 
 874     // Compare each field in each record component.
 875     ConstantPool* the_cp =  the_class->constants();
 876     ConstantPool* scr_cp =  scratch_class->constants();
 877     for (int x = 0; x < the_num_components; x++) {
 878       RecordComponent* the_component = the_record->at(x);
 879       RecordComponent* scr_component = scr_record->at(x);
 880       const Symbol* const the_name = the_cp->symbol_at(the_component->name_index());
 881       const Symbol* const scr_name = scr_cp->symbol_at(scr_component->name_index());
 882       const Symbol* const the_descr = the_cp->symbol_at(the_component->descriptor_index());
 883       const Symbol* const scr_descr = scr_cp->symbol_at(scr_component->descriptor_index());
 884       if (the_name != scr_name || the_descr != scr_descr) {
 885         log_info(redefine, class, record)
 886           ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record name_index, descriptor_index, and/or attributes_count changed",
 887            the_class->external_name());
 888         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 889       }
 890 
 891       int the_gen_sig = the_component->generic_signature_index();
 892       int scr_gen_sig = scr_component->generic_signature_index();
 893       const Symbol* const the_gen_sig_sym = (the_gen_sig == 0 ? nullptr :
 894         the_cp->symbol_at(the_component->generic_signature_index()));
 895       const Symbol* const scr_gen_sig_sym = (scr_gen_sig == 0 ? nullptr :
 896         scr_cp->symbol_at(scr_component->generic_signature_index()));
 897       if (the_gen_sig_sym != scr_gen_sig_sym) {
 898         log_info(redefine, class, record)
 899           ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record generic_signature attribute changed",
 900            the_class->external_name());
 901         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 902       }
 903 
 904       // It's okay if a record component's annotations were changed.
 905     }
 906 
 907   } else if (the_record_exists ^ scr_record_exists) {
 908     const char* action_str = (the_record_exists) ? "removed" : "added";
 909     log_info(redefine, class, record)
 910       ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record attribute %s",
 911        the_class->external_name(), action_str);
 912     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 913   }
 914 
 915   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
 916 }
 917 
 918 
 919 static jvmtiError check_permitted_subclasses_attribute(InstanceKlass* the_class,
 920                                                        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 921   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
 922   ResourceMark rm(thread);
 923 
 924   // Check whether the class PermittedSubclasses attribute has been changed.
 925   return check_attribute_arrays("PermittedSubclasses",
 926                                 the_class, scratch_class,
 927                                 the_class->permitted_subclasses(),
 928                                 scratch_class->permitted_subclasses());
 929 }
 930 
 931 static bool can_add_or_delete(Method* m) {
 932       // Compatibility mode
 933   return (AllowRedefinitionToAddDeleteMethods &&
 934           (m->is_private() && (m->is_static() || m->is_final())));
 935 }
 936 
 937 jvmtiError VM_RedefineClasses::compare_and_normalize_class_versions(
 938              InstanceKlass* the_class,
 939              InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 940   int i;
 941 
 942   // Check superclasses, or rather their names, since superclasses themselves can be
 943   // requested to replace.
 944   // Check for null superclass first since this might be java.lang.Object
 945   if (the_class->super() != scratch_class->super() &&
 946       (the_class->super() == nullptr || scratch_class->super() == nullptr ||
 947        the_class->super()->name() !=
 948        scratch_class->super()->name())) {
 949     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 950       ("redefined class %s superclass change error: superclass changed from %s to %s.",
 951        the_class->external_name(),
 952        the_class->super() == nullptr ? "null" : the_class->super()->external_name(),
 953        scratch_class->super() == nullptr ? "null" : scratch_class->super()->external_name());
 954     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_HIERARCHY_CHANGED;
 955   }
 956 
 957   // Check if the number, names and order of directly implemented interfaces are the same.
 958   // I think in principle we should just check if the sets of names of directly implemented
 959   // interfaces are the same, i.e. the order of declaration (which, however, if changed in the
 960   // .java file, also changes in .class file) should not matter. However, comparing sets is
 961   // technically a bit more difficult, and, more importantly, I am not sure at present that the
 962   // order of interfaces does not matter on the implementation level, i.e. that the VM does not
 963   // rely on it somewhere.
 964   Array<InstanceKlass*>* k_interfaces = the_class->local_interfaces();
 965   Array<InstanceKlass*>* k_new_interfaces = scratch_class->local_interfaces();
 966   int n_intfs = k_interfaces->length();
 967   if (n_intfs != k_new_interfaces->length()) {
 968     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 969       ("redefined class %s interfaces change error: number of implemented interfaces changed from %d to %d.",
 970        the_class->external_name(), n_intfs, k_new_interfaces->length());
 971     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_HIERARCHY_CHANGED;
 972   }
 973   for (i = 0; i < n_intfs; i++) {
 974     if (k_interfaces->at(i)->name() !=
 975         k_new_interfaces->at(i)->name()) {
 976       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 977           ("redefined class %s interfaces change error: interface changed from %s to %s.",
 978            the_class->external_name(),
 979            k_interfaces->at(i)->external_name(), k_new_interfaces->at(i)->external_name());
 980       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_HIERARCHY_CHANGED;
 981     }
 982   }
 983 
 984   // Check whether class is in the error init state.
 985   if (the_class->is_in_error_state()) {
 986     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 987       ("redefined class %s is in error init state.", the_class->external_name());
 988     // TBD #5057930: special error code is needed in 1.6
 989     return JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS;
 990   }
 991 
 992   // Check whether the nest-related attributes have been changed.
 993   jvmtiError err = check_nest_attributes(the_class, scratch_class);
 994   if (err != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
 995     return err;
 996   }
 997 
 998   // Check whether the Record attribute has been changed.
 999   err = check_record_attribute(the_class, scratch_class);
1000   if (err != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
1001     return err;
1002   }
1003 
1004   // Check whether the PermittedSubclasses attribute has been changed.
1005   err = check_permitted_subclasses_attribute(the_class, scratch_class);
1006   if (err != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
1007     return err;
1008   }
1009 
1010   // Check whether class modifiers are the same.
1011   u2 old_flags = the_class->access_flags().as_class_flags();
1012   u2 new_flags = scratch_class->access_flags().as_class_flags();
1013   if (old_flags != new_flags) {
1014     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1015         ("redefined class %s modifiers change error: modifiers changed from %d to %d.",
1016          the_class->external_name(), old_flags, new_flags);
1017     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_MODIFIERS_CHANGED;
1018   }
1019 
1020   // Check if the number, names, types and order of fields declared in these classes
1021   // are the same.
1022   JavaFieldStream old_fs(the_class);
1023   JavaFieldStream new_fs(scratch_class);
1024   for (; !old_fs.done() && !new_fs.done(); old_fs.next(), new_fs.next()) {
1025     // name and signature
1026     Symbol* name_sym1 = the_class->constants()->symbol_at(old_fs.name_index());
1027     Symbol* sig_sym1 = the_class->constants()->symbol_at(old_fs.signature_index());
1028     Symbol* name_sym2 = scratch_class->constants()->symbol_at(new_fs.name_index());
1029     Symbol* sig_sym2 = scratch_class->constants()->symbol_at(new_fs.signature_index());
1030     if (name_sym1 != name_sym2 || sig_sym1 != sig_sym2) {
1031       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1032           ("redefined class %s fields change error: field %s %s changed to %s %s.",
1033            the_class->external_name(),
1034            sig_sym1->as_C_string(), name_sym1->as_C_string(),
1035            sig_sym2->as_C_string(), name_sym2->as_C_string());
1036       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1037     }
1038     // offset
1039     if (old_fs.offset() != new_fs.offset()) {
1040       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1041           ("redefined class %s field %s change error: offset changed from %d to %d.",
1042            the_class->external_name(), name_sym2->as_C_string(), old_fs.offset(), new_fs.offset());
1043       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1044     }
1045     // access
1046     old_flags = old_fs.access_flags().as_field_flags();
1047     new_flags = new_fs.access_flags().as_field_flags();
1048     if (old_flags != new_flags) {
1049       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1050           ("redefined class %s field %s change error: modifiers changed from %d to %d.",
1051            the_class->external_name(), name_sym2->as_C_string(), old_flags, new_flags);
1052       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1053     }
1054   }
1055 
1056   // If both streams aren't done then we have a differing number of
1057   // fields.
1058   if (!old_fs.done() || !new_fs.done()) {
1059     const char* action = old_fs.done() ? "added" : "deleted";
1060     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1061         ("redefined class %s fields change error: some fields were %s.",
1062          the_class->external_name(), action);
1063     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1064   }
1065 
1066   // Do a parallel walk through the old and new methods. Detect
1067   // cases where they match (exist in both), have been added in
1068   // the new methods, or have been deleted (exist only in the
1069   // old methods).  The class file parser places methods in order
1070   // by method name, but does not order overloaded methods by
1071   // signature.  In order to determine what fate befell the methods,
1072   // this code places the overloaded new methods that have matching
1073   // old methods in the same order as the old methods and places
1074   // new overloaded methods at the end of overloaded methods of
1075   // that name. The code for this order normalization is adapted
1076   // from the algorithm used in InstanceKlass::find_method().
1077   // Since we are swapping out of order entries as we find them,
1078   // we only have to search forward through the overloaded methods.
1079   // Methods which are added and have the same name as an existing
1080   // method (but different signature) will be put at the end of
1081   // the methods with that name, and the name mismatch code will
1082   // handle them.
1083   Array<Method*>* k_old_methods(the_class->methods());
1084   Array<Method*>* k_new_methods(scratch_class->methods());
1085   int n_old_methods = k_old_methods->length();
1086   int n_new_methods = k_new_methods->length();
1087   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
1088 
1089   int ni = 0;
1090   int oi = 0;
1091   while (true) {
1092     Method* k_old_method;
1093     Method* k_new_method;
1094     enum { matched, added, deleted, undetermined } method_was = undetermined;
1095 
1096     if (oi >= n_old_methods) {
1097       if (ni >= n_new_methods) {
1098         break; // we've looked at everything, done
1099       }
1100       // New method at the end
1101       k_new_method = k_new_methods->at(ni);
1102       method_was = added;
1103     } else if (ni >= n_new_methods) {
1104       // Old method, at the end, is deleted
1105       k_old_method = k_old_methods->at(oi);
1106       method_was = deleted;
1107     } else {
1108       // There are more methods in both the old and new lists
1109       k_old_method = k_old_methods->at(oi);
1110       k_new_method = k_new_methods->at(ni);
1111       if (k_old_method->name() != k_new_method->name()) {
1112         // Methods are sorted by method name, so a mismatch means added
1113         // or deleted
1114         if (k_old_method->name()->fast_compare(k_new_method->name()) > 0) {
1115           method_was = added;
1116         } else {
1117           method_was = deleted;
1118         }
1119       } else if (k_old_method->signature() == k_new_method->signature()) {
1120         // Both the name and signature match
1121         method_was = matched;
1122       } else {
1123         // The name matches, but the signature doesn't, which means we have to
1124         // search forward through the new overloaded methods.
1125         int nj;  // outside the loop for post-loop check
1126         for (nj = ni + 1; nj < n_new_methods; nj++) {
1127           Method* m = k_new_methods->at(nj);
1128           if (k_old_method->name() != m->name()) {
1129             // reached another method name so no more overloaded methods
1130             method_was = deleted;
1131             break;
1132           }
1133           if (k_old_method->signature() == m->signature()) {
1134             // found a match so swap the methods
1135             k_new_methods->at_put(ni, m);
1136             k_new_methods->at_put(nj, k_new_method);
1137             k_new_method = m;
1138             method_was = matched;
1139             break;
1140           }
1141         }
1142 
1143         if (nj >= n_new_methods) {
1144           // reached the end without a match; so method was deleted
1145           method_was = deleted;
1146         }
1147       }
1148     }
1149 
1150     switch (method_was) {
1151     case matched:
1152       // methods match, be sure modifiers do too
1153       old_flags = k_old_method->access_flags().as_method_flags();
1154       new_flags = k_new_method->access_flags().as_method_flags();
1155       if ((old_flags ^ new_flags) & ~(JVM_ACC_NATIVE)) {
1156         log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1157           ("redefined class %s  method %s modifiers error: modifiers changed from %d to %d",
1158            the_class->external_name(), k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), old_flags, new_flags);
1159         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_MODIFIERS_CHANGED;
1160       }
1161       {
1162         u2 new_num = k_new_method->method_idnum();
1163         u2 old_num = k_old_method->method_idnum();
1164         if (new_num != old_num) {
1165           Method* idnum_owner = scratch_class->method_with_idnum(old_num);
1166           if (idnum_owner != nullptr) {
1167             // There is already a method assigned this idnum -- switch them
1168             // Take current and original idnum from the new_method
1169             idnum_owner->set_method_idnum(new_num);
1170             idnum_owner->set_orig_method_idnum(k_new_method->orig_method_idnum());
1171           }
1172           // Take current and original idnum from the old_method
1173           k_new_method->set_method_idnum(old_num);
1174           k_new_method->set_orig_method_idnum(k_old_method->orig_method_idnum());
1175           if (thread->has_pending_exception()) {
1176             return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1177           }
1178         }
1179       }
1180       log_trace(redefine, class, normalize)
1181         ("Method matched: new: %s [%d] == old: %s [%d]",
1182          k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni, k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), oi);
1183       // advance to next pair of methods
1184       ++oi;
1185       ++ni;
1186       break;
1187     case added:
1188       // method added, see if it is OK
1189       if (!can_add_or_delete(k_new_method)) {
1190         log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1191           ("redefined class %s methods error: added method: %s [%d]",
1192            the_class->external_name(), k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni);
1193         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_ADDED;
1194       }
1195       {
1196         u2 num = the_class->next_method_idnum();
1197         if (num == ConstMethod::UNSET_IDNUM) {
1198           // cannot add any more methods
1199           log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1200             ("redefined class %s methods error: can't create ID for new method %s [%d]",
1201              the_class->external_name(), k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni);
1202           return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_ADDED;
1203         }
1204         u2 new_num = k_new_method->method_idnum();
1205         Method* idnum_owner = scratch_class->method_with_idnum(num);
1206         if (idnum_owner != nullptr) {
1207           // There is already a method assigned this idnum -- switch them
1208           // Take current and original idnum from the new_method
1209           idnum_owner->set_method_idnum(new_num);
1210           idnum_owner->set_orig_method_idnum(k_new_method->orig_method_idnum());
1211         }
1212         k_new_method->set_method_idnum(num);
1213         k_new_method->set_orig_method_idnum(num);
1214         if (thread->has_pending_exception()) {
1215           return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1216         }
1217       }
1218       log_trace(redefine, class, normalize)
1219         ("Method added: new: %s [%d]", k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni);
1220       ++ni; // advance to next new method
1221       break;
1222     case deleted:
1223       // method deleted, see if it is OK
1224       if (!can_add_or_delete(k_old_method)) {
1225         log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1226           ("redefined class %s methods error: deleted method %s [%d]",
1227            the_class->external_name(), k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), oi);
1228         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_DELETED;
1229       }
1230       log_trace(redefine, class, normalize)
1231         ("Method deleted: old: %s [%d]", k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), oi);
1232       ++oi; // advance to next old method
1233       break;
1234     default:
1235       ShouldNotReachHere();
1236     }
1237   }
1238 
1239   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
1240 }
1241 
1242 
1243 // Find new constant pool index value for old constant pool index value
1244 // by searching the index map. Returns zero (0) if there is no mapped
1245 // value for the old constant pool index.
1246 u2 VM_RedefineClasses::find_new_index(int old_index) {
1247   if (_index_map_count == 0) {
1248     // map is empty so nothing can be found
1249     return 0;
1250   }
1251 
1252   if (old_index < 1 || old_index >= _index_map_p->length()) {
1253     // The old_index is out of range so it is not mapped. This should
1254     // not happen in regular constant pool merging use, but it can
1255     // happen if a corrupt annotation is processed.
1256     return 0;
1257   }
1258 
1259   int value = _index_map_p->at(old_index);
1260   if (value == -1) {
1261     // the old_index is not mapped
1262     return 0;
1263   }
1264 
1265   // constant pool indices are u2, unless the merged constant pool overflows which
1266   // we don't check for.
1267   return checked_cast<u2>(value);
1268 } // end find_new_index()
1269 
1270 
1271 // Find new bootstrap specifier index value for old bootstrap specifier index
1272 // value by searching the index map. Returns unused index (-1) if there is
1273 // no mapped value for the old bootstrap specifier index.
1274 int VM_RedefineClasses::find_new_bsm_index(int old_index) {
1275   if (_bsm_index_map_count == 0) {
1276     // map is empty so nothing can be found
1277     return -1;
1278   }
1279 
1280   if (old_index == -1 || old_index >= _bsm_index_map_p->length()) {
1281     // The old_index is out of range so it is not mapped.
1282     // This should not happen in regular constant pool merging use.
1283     return -1;
1284   }
1285 
1286   int value = _bsm_index_map_p->at(old_index);
1287   if (value == -1) {
1288     // the old_index is not mapped
1289     return -1;
1290   }
1291 
1292   return value;
1293 } // end find_new_bsm_index()
1294 
1295 
1296 // The bug 6214132 caused the verification to fail.
1297 // 1. What's done in RedefineClasses() before verification:
1298 //  a) A reference to the class being redefined (_the_class) and a
1299 //     reference to new version of the class (_scratch_class) are
1300 //     saved here for use during the bytecode verification phase of
1301 //     RedefineClasses.
1302 //  b) The _java_mirror field from _the_class is copied to the
1303 //     _java_mirror field in _scratch_class. This means that a jclass
1304 //     returned for _the_class or _scratch_class will refer to the
1305 //     same Java mirror. The verifier will see the "one true mirror"
1306 //     for the class being verified.
1307 // 2. See comments in JvmtiThreadState for what is done during verification.
1308 
1309 class RedefineVerifyMark : public StackObj {
1310  private:
1311   JvmtiThreadState* _state;
1312   InstanceKlass*    _scratch_class;
1313   OopHandle         _scratch_mirror;
1314 
1315  public:
1316 
1317   RedefineVerifyMark(InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class,
1318                      JvmtiThreadState* state) : _state(state), _scratch_class(scratch_class)
1319   {
1320     _state->set_class_versions_map(the_class, scratch_class);
1321     _scratch_mirror = the_class->java_mirror_handle();  // this is a copy that is swapped
1322     _scratch_class->swap_java_mirror_handle(_scratch_mirror);
1323   }
1324 
1325   ~RedefineVerifyMark() {
1326     // Restore the scratch class's mirror, so when scratch_class is removed
1327     // the correct mirror pointing to it can be cleared.
1328     _scratch_class->swap_java_mirror_handle(_scratch_mirror);
1329     _state->clear_class_versions_map();
1330   }
1331 };
1332 
1333 
1334 jvmtiError VM_RedefineClasses::load_new_class_versions() {
1335 
1336   // For consistency allocate memory using os::malloc wrapper.
1337   _scratch_classes = (InstanceKlass**)
1338     os::malloc(sizeof(InstanceKlass*) * _class_count, mtClass);
1339   if (_scratch_classes == nullptr) {
1340     return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1341   }
1342   // Zero initialize the _scratch_classes array.
1343   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
1344     _scratch_classes[i] = nullptr;
1345   }
1346 
1347   JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
1348   ResourceMark rm(current);
1349 
1350   JvmtiThreadState *state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(current);
1351   // state can only be null if the current thread is exiting which
1352   // should not happen since we're trying to do a RedefineClasses
1353   guarantee(state != nullptr, "exiting thread calling load_new_class_versions");
1354   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
1355     // Create HandleMark so that any handles created while loading new class
1356     // versions are deleted. Constant pools are deallocated while merging
1357     // constant pools
1358     HandleMark hm(current);
1359     InstanceKlass* the_class = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
1360     physical_memory_size_type avail_mem = 0;
1361     // Return value ignored - defaulting to 0 on failure.
1362     (void)os::available_memory(avail_mem);
1363     log_debug(redefine, class, load)
1364       ("loading name=%s kind=%d (avail_mem=" PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT "K)",
1365        the_class->external_name(), _class_load_kind, avail_mem >> 10);
1366 
1367     ClassFileStream st((u1*)_class_defs[i].class_bytes,
1368                        _class_defs[i].class_byte_count,
1369                        "__VM_RedefineClasses__");
1370 
1371     // Set redefined class handle in JvmtiThreadState class.
1372     // This redefined class is sent to agent event handler for class file
1373     // load hook event.
1374     state->set_class_being_redefined(the_class, _class_load_kind);
1375 
1376     JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
1377     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1378     Handle protection_domain(THREAD, the_class->protection_domain());
1379     ClassLoadInfo cl_info(protection_domain);
1380     // Parse and create a class from the bytes, but this class isn't added
1381     // to the dictionary, so do not call resolve_from_stream.
1382     InstanceKlass* scratch_class = KlassFactory::create_from_stream(&st,
1383                                                       the_class->name(),
1384                                                       the_class->class_loader_data(),
1385                                                       cl_info,
1386                                                       THREAD);
1387 
1388     // Clear class_being_redefined just to be sure.
1389     state->clear_class_being_redefined();
1390 
1391     // TODO: if this is retransform, and nothing changed we can skip it
1392 
1393     // Need to clean up allocated InstanceKlass if there's an error so assign
1394     // the result here. Caller deallocates all the scratch classes in case of
1395     // an error.
1396     _scratch_classes[i] = scratch_class;
1397 
1398     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1399       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1400       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("create_from_stream exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1401       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1402 
1403       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_UnsupportedClassVersionError()) {
1404         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION;
1405       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassFormatError()) {
1406         return JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS_FORMAT;
1407       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCircularityError()) {
1408         return JVMTI_ERROR_CIRCULAR_CLASS_DEFINITION;
1409       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError()) {
1410         // The message will be "XXX (wrong name: YYY)"
1411         return JVMTI_ERROR_NAMES_DONT_MATCH;
1412       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1413         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1414       } else {  // Just in case more exceptions can be thrown..
1415         return JVMTI_ERROR_FAILS_VERIFICATION;
1416       }
1417     }
1418 
1419     // Ensure class is linked before redefine
1420     if (!the_class->is_linked()) {
1421       the_class->link_class(THREAD);
1422       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1423         Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1424         oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
1425         if (message != nullptr) {
1426           char* ex_msg = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message);
1427           log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("link_class exception: '%s %s'",
1428                    ex_name->as_C_string(), ex_msg);
1429         } else {
1430           log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("link_class exception: '%s'",
1431                    ex_name->as_C_string());
1432         }
1433         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1434         if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1435           return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1436         } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError()) {
1437           return JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS;
1438         } else {
1439           return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1440         }
1441       }
1442     }
1443 
1444     // Do the validity checks in compare_and_normalize_class_versions()
1445     // before verifying the byte codes. By doing these checks first, we
1446     // limit the number of functions that require redirection from
1447     // the_class to scratch_class. In particular, we don't have to
1448     // modify JNI GetSuperclass() and thus won't change its performance.
1449     jvmtiError res = compare_and_normalize_class_versions(the_class,
1450                        scratch_class);
1451     if (res != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
1452       return res;
1453     }
1454 
1455     // verify what the caller passed us
1456     {
1457       // The bug 6214132 caused the verification to fail.
1458       // Information about the_class and scratch_class is temporarily
1459       // recorded into jvmtiThreadState. This data is used to redirect
1460       // the_class to scratch_class in the JVM_* functions called by the
1461       // verifier. Please, refer to jvmtiThreadState.hpp for the detailed
1462       // description.
1463       RedefineVerifyMark rvm(the_class, scratch_class, state);
1464       Verifier::verify(scratch_class, true, THREAD);
1465     }
1466 
1467     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1468       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1469       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("verify_byte_codes exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1470       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1471       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1472         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1473       } else {
1474         // tell the caller the bytecodes are bad
1475         return JVMTI_ERROR_FAILS_VERIFICATION;
1476       }
1477     }
1478 
1479     res = merge_cp_and_rewrite(the_class, scratch_class, THREAD);
1480     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1481       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1482       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("merge_cp_and_rewrite exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1483       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1484       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1485         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1486       } else {
1487         return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1488       }
1489     } else if (res != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
1490       return res;
1491     }
1492 
1493 #ifdef ASSERT
1494     {
1495       // verify what we have done during constant pool merging
1496       {
1497         RedefineVerifyMark rvm(the_class, scratch_class, state);
1498         Verifier::verify(scratch_class, true, THREAD);
1499       }
1500 
1501       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1502         Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1503         log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)
1504           ("verify_byte_codes post merge-CP exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1505         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1506         if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1507           return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1508         } else {
1509           // tell the caller that constant pool merging screwed up
1510           return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1511         }
1512       }
1513     }
1514 #endif // ASSERT
1515 
1516     Rewriter::rewrite(scratch_class, THREAD);
1517     if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1518       scratch_class->link_methods(THREAD);
1519     }
1520     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1521       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1522       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)
1523         ("Rewriter::rewrite or link_methods exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1524       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1525       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1526         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1527       } else {
1528         return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1529       }
1530     }
1531     // Return value ignored - defaulting to 0 on failure.
1532     (void)os::available_memory(avail_mem);
1533     log_debug(redefine, class, load)
1534       ("loaded name=%s (avail_mem=" PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT "K)", the_class->external_name(), avail_mem >> 10);
1535   }
1536 
1537   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
1538 }
1539 
1540 
1541 // Map old_index to new_index as needed. scratch_cp is only needed
1542 // for log calls.
1543 void VM_RedefineClasses::map_index(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
1544        int old_index, int new_index) {
1545   if (find_new_index(old_index) != 0) {
1546     // old_index is already mapped
1547     return;
1548   }
1549 
1550   if (old_index == new_index) {
1551     // no mapping is needed
1552     return;
1553   }
1554 
1555   _index_map_p->at_put(old_index, new_index);
1556   _index_map_count++;
1557 
1558   log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
1559     ("mapped tag %d at index %d to %d", scratch_cp->tag_at(old_index).value(), old_index, new_index);
1560 } // end map_index()
1561 
1562 
1563 // Map old_index to new_index as needed.
1564 void VM_RedefineClasses::map_bsm_index(int old_index, int new_index) {
1565   if (old_index == new_index) {
1566     // no mapping is needed
1567     return;
1568   }
1569   _bsm_index_map_p->at_put(old_index, new_index);
1570   _bsm_index_map_count++;
1571   log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("mapped bootstrap specifier at index %d to %d", old_index, new_index);
1572 } // end map_bsm_index()
1573 
1574 
1575 // Merge old_cp and scratch_cp and return the results of the merge via
1576 // merge_cp_p. The number of entries in merge_cp_p is returned via
1577 // merge_cp_length_p. The entries in old_cp occupy the same locations
1578 // in merge_cp_p. Also creates a map of indices from entries in
1579 // scratch_cp to the corresponding entry in merge_cp_p. Index map
1580 // entries are only created for entries in scratch_cp that occupy a
1581 // different location in merged_cp_p.
1582 bool VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools(const constantPoolHandle& old_cp,
1583        const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp, constantPoolHandle& merge_cp_p,
1584        int& merge_cp_length_p, TRAPS) {
1585 
1586   // Worst case we need old_cp->length() + scratch_cp()->length(),
1587   // but the caller might be smart so make sure we have at least
1588   // the minimum.
1589   if (merge_cp_p->length() < old_cp->length()) {
1590     assert(false, "merge area too small");
1591     return false; // robustness
1592   }
1593 
1594   log_info(redefine, class, constantpool)("old_cp_len=%d, scratch_cp_len=%d", old_cp->length(), scratch_cp->length());
1595 
1596   {
1597     // Pass 0:
1598     // The old_cp is copied to *merge_cp_p; this means that any code
1599     // using old_cp does not have to change. This work looks like a
1600     // perfect fit for ConstantPool*::copy_cp_to(), but we need to
1601     // handle one special case:
1602     // - revert JVM_CONSTANT_Class to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass
1603     // This will make verification happy.
1604 
1605     int old_i;  // index into old_cp
1606 
1607     // index zero (0) is not used in constantPools
1608     for (old_i = 1; old_i < old_cp->length(); old_i++) {
1609       // leave debugging crumb
1610       jbyte old_tag = old_cp->tag_at(old_i).value();
1611       switch (old_tag) {
1612       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1613       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1614         // revert the copy to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass
1615         // May be resolving while calling this so do the same for
1616         // JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass (klass_name_at() deals with transition)
1617         merge_cp_p->temp_unresolved_klass_at_put(old_i,
1618           old_cp->klass_name_index_at(old_i));
1619         break;
1620 
1621       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1622       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1623         // just copy the entry to merge_cp_p, but double and long take
1624         // two constant pool entries
1625         ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(old_cp, old_i, merge_cp_p, old_i);
1626         old_i++;
1627         break;
1628 
1629       default:
1630         // just copy the entry to merge_cp_p
1631         ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(old_cp, old_i, merge_cp_p, old_i);
1632         break;
1633       }
1634     } // end for each old_cp entry
1635 
1636     ConstantPool::copy_bsm_entries(old_cp, merge_cp_p, CHECK_false);
1637     _bsmae_iter = merge_cp_p->start_extension(scratch_cp, CHECK_false);
1638 
1639     // We don't need to sanity check that *merge_cp_length_p is within
1640     // *merge_cp_p bounds since we have the minimum on-entry check above.
1641     merge_cp_length_p = old_i;
1642   }
1643 
1644   // merge_cp_len should be the same as old_cp->length() at this point
1645   // so this trace message is really a "warm-and-breathing" message.
1646   log_debug(redefine, class, constantpool)("after pass 0: merge_cp_len=%d", merge_cp_length_p);
1647 
1648   int scratch_i;  // index into scratch_cp
1649   {
1650     // Pass 1a:
1651     // Compare scratch_cp entries to the old_cp entries that we have
1652     // already copied to *merge_cp_p. In this pass, we are eliminating
1653     // exact duplicates (matching entry at same index) so we only
1654     // compare entries in the common indice range.
1655     int increment = 1;
1656     int pass1a_length = MIN2(old_cp->length(), scratch_cp->length());
1657     for (scratch_i = 1; scratch_i < pass1a_length; scratch_i += increment) {
1658       switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
1659       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1660       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1661         // double and long take two constant pool entries
1662         increment = 2;
1663         break;
1664 
1665       default:
1666         increment = 1;
1667         break;
1668       }
1669 
1670       bool match = scratch_cp->compare_entry_to(scratch_i, merge_cp_p, scratch_i);
1671       if (match) {
1672         // found a match at the same index so nothing more to do
1673         continue;
1674       }
1675 
1676       int found_i = scratch_cp->find_matching_entry(scratch_i, merge_cp_p);
1677       if (found_i != 0) {
1678         guarantee(found_i != scratch_i,
1679           "compare_entry_to() and find_matching_entry() do not agree");
1680 
1681         // Found a matching entry somewhere else in *merge_cp_p so
1682         // just need a mapping entry.
1683         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, found_i);
1684         continue;
1685       }
1686 
1687       // No match found so we have to append this entry and any unique
1688       // referenced entries to merge_cp_p.
1689       append_entry(scratch_cp, scratch_i, &merge_cp_p, &merge_cp_length_p);
1690     }
1691   }
1692 
1693   log_debug(redefine, class, constantpool)
1694     ("after pass 1a: merge_cp_len=%d, scratch_i=%d, index_map_len=%d",
1695      merge_cp_length_p, scratch_i, _index_map_count);
1696 
1697   if (scratch_i < scratch_cp->length()) {
1698     // Pass 1b:
1699     // old_cp is smaller than scratch_cp so there are entries in
1700     // scratch_cp that we have not yet processed. We take care of
1701     // those now.
1702     int increment = 1;
1703     for (; scratch_i < scratch_cp->length(); scratch_i += increment) {
1704       switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
1705       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1706       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1707         // double and long take two constant pool entries
1708         increment = 2;
1709         break;
1710 
1711       default:
1712         increment = 1;
1713         break;
1714       }
1715 
1716       int found_i =
1717         scratch_cp->find_matching_entry(scratch_i, merge_cp_p);
1718       if (found_i != 0) {
1719         // Found a matching entry somewhere else in merge_cp_p so
1720         // just need a mapping entry.
1721         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, found_i);
1722         continue;
1723       }
1724 
1725       // No match found so we have to append this entry and any unique
1726       // referenced entries to merge_cp_p.
1727       append_entry(scratch_cp, scratch_i, &merge_cp_p, &merge_cp_length_p);
1728     }
1729 
1730     log_debug(redefine, class, constantpool)
1731       ("after pass 1b: merge_cp_len=%d, scratch_i=%d, index_map_len=%d",
1732        merge_cp_length_p, scratch_i, _index_map_count);
1733   }
1734   finalize_bsm_entries_merge(merge_cp_p, CHECK_false);
1735 
1736   return true;
1737 } // end merge_constant_pools()
1738 
1739 
1740 // Scoped object to clean up the constant pool(s) created for merging
1741 class MergeCPCleaner {
1742   ClassLoaderData*   _loader_data;
1743   ConstantPool*      _cp;
1744   ConstantPool*      _scratch_cp;
1745  public:
1746   MergeCPCleaner(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, ConstantPool* merge_cp) :
1747                  _loader_data(loader_data), _cp(merge_cp), _scratch_cp(nullptr) {}
1748   ~MergeCPCleaner() {
1749     _loader_data->add_to_deallocate_list(_cp);
1750     if (_scratch_cp != nullptr) {
1751       _loader_data->add_to_deallocate_list(_scratch_cp);
1752     }
1753   }
1754   void add_scratch_cp(ConstantPool* scratch_cp) { _scratch_cp = scratch_cp; }
1755 };
1756 
1757 // Merge constant pools between the_class and scratch_class and
1758 // potentially rewrite bytecodes in scratch_class to use the merged
1759 // constant pool.
1760 jvmtiError VM_RedefineClasses::merge_cp_and_rewrite(
1761              InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class,
1762              TRAPS) {
1763   // worst case merged constant pool length is old and new combined
1764   int merge_cp_length = the_class->constants()->length()
1765         + scratch_class->constants()->length();
1766 
1767   // Constant pools are not easily reused so we allocate a new one
1768   // each time.
1769   // merge_cp is created unsafe for concurrent GC processing.  It
1770   // should be marked safe before discarding it. Even though
1771   // garbage,  if it crosses a card boundary, it may be scanned
1772   // in order to find the start of the first complete object on the card.
1773   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = the_class->class_loader_data();
1774   ConstantPool* merge_cp_oop =
1775     ConstantPool::allocate(loader_data,
1776                            merge_cp_length,
1777                            CHECK_(JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY));
1778   MergeCPCleaner cp_cleaner(loader_data, merge_cp_oop);
1779 
1780   HandleMark hm(THREAD);  // make sure handles are cleared before
1781                           // MergeCPCleaner clears out merge_cp_oop
1782   constantPoolHandle merge_cp(THREAD, merge_cp_oop);
1783 
1784   // Get constants() from the old class because it could have been rewritten
1785   // while we were at a safepoint allocating a new constant pool.
1786   constantPoolHandle old_cp(THREAD, the_class->constants());
1787   constantPoolHandle scratch_cp(THREAD, scratch_class->constants());
1788 
1789   // If the length changed, the class was redefined out from under us. Return
1790   // an error.
1791   if (merge_cp_length != the_class->constants()->length()
1792          + scratch_class->constants()->length()) {
1793     return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1794   }
1795 
1796   // Update the version number of the constant pools (may keep scratch_cp)
1797   merge_cp->increment_and_save_version(old_cp->version());
1798   scratch_cp->increment_and_save_version(old_cp->version());
1799 
1800   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1801   _index_map_count = 0;
1802   _index_map_p = new intArray(scratch_cp->length(), scratch_cp->length(), -1);
1803 
1804   _bsm_index_map_count = 0;
1805   int bsm_data_len = scratch_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();
1806   _bsm_index_map_p = new intArray(bsm_data_len, bsm_data_len, -1);
1807 
1808   // reference to the cp holder is needed for reallocating the BSM attribute
1809   merge_cp->set_pool_holder(scratch_class);
1810   bool result = merge_constant_pools(old_cp, scratch_cp, merge_cp,
1811                   merge_cp_length, THREAD);
1812   merge_cp->set_pool_holder(nullptr);
1813 
1814   if (!result) {
1815     // The merge can fail due to memory allocation failure or due
1816     // to robustness checks.
1817     return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1818   }
1819 
1820   // ensure merged constant pool size does not overflow u2
1821   if (merge_cp_length > 0xFFFF) {
1822     log_warning(redefine, class, constantpool)("Merged constant pool overflow: %d entries", merge_cp_length);
1823     return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1824   }
1825 
1826   // Set dynamic constants attribute from the original CP.
1827   if (old_cp->has_dynamic_constant()) {
1828     scratch_cp->set_has_dynamic_constant();
1829   }
1830 
1831   log_info(redefine, class, constantpool)("merge_cp_len=%d, index_map_len=%d", merge_cp_length, _index_map_count);
1832 
1833   if (_index_map_count == 0) {
1834     // there is nothing to map between the new and merged constant pools
1835 
1836     // Copy attributes from scratch_cp to merge_cp
1837     merge_cp->copy_fields(scratch_cp());
1838 
1839     if (old_cp->length() == scratch_cp->length()) {
1840       // The old and new constant pools are the same length and the
1841       // index map is empty. This means that the three constant pools
1842       // are equivalent (but not the same). Unfortunately, the new
1843       // constant pool has not gone through link resolution nor have
1844       // the new class bytecodes gone through constant pool cache
1845       // rewriting so we can't use the old constant pool with the new
1846       // class.
1847 
1848       // toss the merged constant pool at return
1849     } else if (old_cp->length() < scratch_cp->length()) {
1850       // The old constant pool has fewer entries than the new constant
1851       // pool and the index map is empty. This means the new constant
1852       // pool is a superset of the old constant pool. However, the old
1853       // class bytecodes have already gone through constant pool cache
1854       // rewriting so we can't use the new constant pool with the old
1855       // class.
1856 
1857       // toss the merged constant pool at return
1858     } else {
1859       // The old constant pool has more entries than the new constant
1860       // pool and the index map is empty. This means that both the old
1861       // and merged constant pools are supersets of the new constant
1862       // pool.
1863 
1864       // Replace the new constant pool with a shrunken copy of the
1865       // merged constant pool
1866       set_new_constant_pool(loader_data, scratch_class, merge_cp, merge_cp_length,
1867                             CHECK_(JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY));
1868       // The new constant pool replaces scratch_cp so have cleaner clean it up.
1869       // It can't be cleaned up while there are handles to it.
1870       cp_cleaner.add_scratch_cp(scratch_cp());
1871     }
1872   } else {
1873     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, constantpool)) {
1874       // don't want to loop unless we are tracing
1875       int count = 0;
1876       for (int i = 1; i < _index_map_p->length(); i++) {
1877         int value = _index_map_p->at(i);
1878 
1879         if (value != -1) {
1880           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("index_map[%d]: old=%d new=%d", count, i, value);
1881           count++;
1882         }
1883       }
1884     }
1885 
1886     // We have entries mapped between the new and merged constant pools
1887     // so we have to rewrite some constant pool references.
1888     if (!rewrite_cp_refs(scratch_class)) {
1889       return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1890     }
1891 
1892     // Copy attributes from scratch_cp to merge_cp (should be done after rewrite_cp_refs())
1893     merge_cp->copy_fields(scratch_cp());
1894 
1895     // Replace the new constant pool with a shrunken copy of the
1896     // merged constant pool so now the rewritten bytecodes have
1897     // valid references; the previous new constant pool will get
1898     // GCed.
1899     set_new_constant_pool(loader_data, scratch_class, merge_cp, merge_cp_length,
1900                           CHECK_(JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY));
1901     // The new constant pool replaces scratch_cp so have cleaner clean it up.
1902     // It can't be cleaned up while there are handles to it.
1903     cp_cleaner.add_scratch_cp(scratch_cp());
1904   }
1905 
1906   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
1907 } // end merge_cp_and_rewrite()
1908 
1909 
1910 // Rewrite constant pool references in klass scratch_class.
1911 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
1912 
1913   // rewrite constant pool references in the nest attributes:
1914   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_nest_attributes(scratch_class)) {
1915     // propagate failure back to caller
1916     return false;
1917   }
1918 
1919   // rewrite constant pool references in the Record attribute:
1920   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_record_attribute(scratch_class)) {
1921     // propagate failure back to caller
1922     return false;
1923   }
1924 
1925   // rewrite constant pool references in the PermittedSubclasses attribute:
1926   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_permitted_subclasses_attribute(scratch_class)) {
1927     // propagate failure back to caller
1928     return false;
1929   }
1930 
1931   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods:
1932   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods(scratch_class)) {
1933     // propagate failure back to caller
1934     return false;
1935   }
1936 
1937   // rewrite constant pool references in the class_annotations:
1938   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1939     // propagate failure back to caller
1940     return false;
1941   }
1942 
1943   // rewrite constant pool references in the fields_annotations:
1944   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1945     // propagate failure back to caller
1946     return false;
1947   }
1948 
1949   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_annotations:
1950   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1951     // propagate failure back to caller
1952     return false;
1953   }
1954 
1955   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_parameter_annotations:
1956   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_parameter_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1957     // propagate failure back to caller
1958     return false;
1959   }
1960 
1961   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_default_annotations:
1962   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_default_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1963     // propagate failure back to caller
1964     return false;
1965   }
1966 
1967   // rewrite constant pool references in the class_type_annotations:
1968   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_type_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1969     // propagate failure back to caller
1970     return false;
1971   }
1972 
1973   // rewrite constant pool references in the fields_type_annotations:
1974   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_type_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1975     // propagate failure back to caller
1976     return false;
1977   }
1978 
1979   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_type_annotations:
1980   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_type_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1981     // propagate failure back to caller
1982     return false;
1983   }
1984 
1985   // There can be type annotations in the Code part of a method_info attribute.
1986   // These annotations are not accessible, even by reflection.
1987   // Currently they are not even parsed by the ClassFileParser.
1988   // If runtime access is added they will also need to be rewritten.
1989 
1990   // rewrite source file name index:
1991   u2 source_file_name_idx = scratch_class->source_file_name_index();
1992   if (source_file_name_idx != 0) {
1993     u2 new_source_file_name_idx = find_new_index(source_file_name_idx);
1994     if (new_source_file_name_idx != 0) {
1995       scratch_class->set_source_file_name_index(new_source_file_name_idx);
1996     }
1997   }
1998 
1999   // rewrite class generic signature index:
2000   u2 generic_signature_index = scratch_class->generic_signature_index();
2001   if (generic_signature_index != 0) {
2002     u2 new_generic_signature_index = find_new_index(generic_signature_index);
2003     if (new_generic_signature_index != 0) {
2004       scratch_class->set_generic_signature_index(new_generic_signature_index);
2005     }
2006   }
2007 
2008   return true;
2009 } // end rewrite_cp_refs()
2010 
2011 // Rewrite constant pool references in the NestHost and NestMembers attributes.
2012 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_nest_attributes(
2013        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2014 
2015   u2 cp_index = scratch_class->nest_host_index();
2016   if (cp_index != 0) {
2017     scratch_class->set_nest_host_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2018   }
2019   Array<u2>* nest_members = scratch_class->nest_members();
2020   for (int i = 0; i < nest_members->length(); i++) {
2021     u2 cp_index = nest_members->at(i);
2022     nest_members->at_put(i, find_new_index(cp_index));
2023   }
2024   return true;
2025 }
2026 
2027 // Rewrite constant pool references in the Record attribute.
2028 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_record_attribute(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2029   Array<RecordComponent*>* components = scratch_class->record_components();
2030   if (components != nullptr) {
2031     for (int i = 0; i < components->length(); i++) {
2032       RecordComponent* component = components->at(i);
2033       u2 cp_index = component->name_index();
2034       component->set_name_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2035       cp_index = component->descriptor_index();
2036       component->set_descriptor_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2037       cp_index = component->generic_signature_index();
2038       if (cp_index != 0) {
2039         component->set_generic_signature_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2040       }
2041 
2042       AnnotationArray* annotations = component->annotations();
2043       if (annotations != nullptr && annotations->length() != 0) {
2044         int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into annotations
2045         if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(annotations, byte_i)) {
2046           log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad record_component_annotations at %d", i);
2047           // propagate failure back to caller
2048           return false;
2049         }
2050       }
2051 
2052       AnnotationArray* type_annotations = component->type_annotations();
2053       if (type_annotations != nullptr && type_annotations->length() != 0) {
2054         int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into annotations
2055         if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(type_annotations, byte_i, "record_info")) {
2056           log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad record_component_type_annotations at %d", i);
2057           // propagate failure back to caller
2058           return false;
2059         }
2060       }
2061     }
2062   }
2063   return true;
2064 }
2065 
2066 // Rewrite constant pool references in the PermittedSubclasses attribute.
2067 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_permitted_subclasses_attribute(
2068        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2069 
2070   Array<u2>* permitted_subclasses = scratch_class->permitted_subclasses();
2071   assert(permitted_subclasses != nullptr, "unexpected null permitted_subclasses");
2072   for (int i = 0; i < permitted_subclasses->length(); i++) {
2073     u2 cp_index = permitted_subclasses->at(i);
2074     permitted_subclasses->at_put(i, find_new_index(cp_index));
2075   }
2076   return true;
2077 }
2078 
2079 // Rewrite constant pool references in the methods.
2080 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2081 
2082   Array<Method*>* methods = scratch_class->methods();
2083 
2084   if (methods == nullptr || methods->length() == 0) {
2085     // no methods so nothing to do
2086     return true;
2087   }
2088 
2089   JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::current(); // For exception macros.
2090   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2091 
2092   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods:
2093   for (int i = methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
2094     methodHandle method(THREAD, methods->at(i));
2095     methodHandle new_method;
2096     rewrite_cp_refs_in_method(method, &new_method, THREAD);
2097     if (!new_method.is_null()) {
2098       // the method has been replaced so save the new method version
2099       // even in the case of an exception.  original method is on the
2100       // deallocation list.
2101       methods->at_put(i, new_method());
2102     }
2103     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2104       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
2105       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("rewrite_cp_refs_in_method exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
2106       // Need to clear pending exception here as the super caller sets
2107       // the JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL if the returned value is false.
2108       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2109       return false;
2110     }
2111   }
2112 
2113   return true;
2114 }
2115 
2116 
2117 // Rewrite constant pool references in the specific method. This code
2118 // was adapted from Rewriter::rewrite_method().
2119 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_method(methodHandle method,
2120        methodHandle *new_method_p, TRAPS) {
2121 
2122   *new_method_p = methodHandle();  // default is no new method
2123 
2124   // We cache a pointer to the bytecodes here in code_base. If GC
2125   // moves the Method*, then the bytecodes will also move which
2126   // will likely cause a crash. We create a NoSafepointVerifier
2127   // object to detect whether we pass a possible safepoint in this
2128   // code block.
2129   NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
2130 
2131   // Bytecodes and their length
2132   address code_base = method->code_base();
2133   int code_length = method->code_size();
2134 
2135   int bc_length;
2136   for (int bci = 0; bci < code_length; bci += bc_length) {
2137     address bcp = code_base + bci;
2138     Bytecodes::Code c = (Bytecodes::Code)(*bcp);
2139 
2140     bc_length = Bytecodes::length_for(c);
2141     if (bc_length == 0) {
2142       // More complicated bytecodes report a length of zero so
2143       // we have to try again a slightly different way.
2144       bc_length = Bytecodes::length_at(method(), bcp);
2145     }
2146 
2147     assert(bc_length != 0, "impossible bytecode length");
2148 
2149     switch (c) {
2150       case Bytecodes::_ldc:
2151       {
2152         u1 cp_index = *(bcp + 1);
2153         u2 new_index = find_new_index(cp_index);
2154 
2155         if (StressLdcRewrite && new_index == 0) {
2156           // If we are stressing ldc -> ldc_w rewriting, then we
2157           // always need a new_index value.
2158           new_index = cp_index;
2159         }
2160         if (new_index != 0) {
2161           // the original index is mapped so we have more work to do
2162           if (!StressLdcRewrite && new_index <= max_jubyte) {
2163             // The new value can still use ldc instead of ldc_w
2164             // unless we are trying to stress ldc -> ldc_w rewriting
2165             log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
2166               ("%s@" INTPTR_FORMAT " old=%d, new=%d", Bytecodes::name(c), p2i(bcp), cp_index, new_index);
2167             // We checked that new_index fits in a u1 so this cast is safe
2168             *(bcp + 1) = (u1)new_index;
2169           } else {
2170             log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
2171               ("%s->ldc_w@" INTPTR_FORMAT " old=%d, new=%d", Bytecodes::name(c), p2i(bcp), cp_index, new_index);
2172             // the new value needs ldc_w instead of ldc
2173             u_char inst_buffer[4]; // max instruction size is 4 bytes
2174             bcp = (address)inst_buffer;
2175             // construct new instruction sequence
2176             *bcp = Bytecodes::_ldc_w;
2177             bcp++;
2178             // Rewriter::rewrite_method() does not rewrite ldc -> ldc_w.
2179             // See comment below for difference between put_Java_u2()
2180             // and put_native_u2().
2181             Bytes::put_Java_u2(bcp, new_index);
2182 
2183             Relocator rc(method, nullptr /* no RelocatorListener needed */);
2184             methodHandle m;
2185             {
2186               PauseNoSafepointVerifier pnsv(&nsv);
2187 
2188               // ldc is 2 bytes and ldc_w is 3 bytes
2189               m = rc.insert_space_at(bci, 3, inst_buffer, CHECK);
2190             }
2191 
2192             // return the new method so that the caller can update
2193             // the containing class
2194             *new_method_p = method = m;
2195             // switch our bytecode processing loop from the old method
2196             // to the new method
2197             code_base = method->code_base();
2198             code_length = method->code_size();
2199             bcp = code_base + bci;
2200             c = (Bytecodes::Code)(*bcp);
2201             bc_length = Bytecodes::length_for(c);
2202             assert(bc_length != 0, "sanity check");
2203           } // end we need ldc_w instead of ldc
2204         } // end if there is a mapped index
2205       } break;
2206 
2207       // these bytecodes have a two-byte constant pool index
2208       case Bytecodes::_anewarray      : // fall through
2209       case Bytecodes::_checkcast      : // fall through
2210       case Bytecodes::_getfield       : // fall through
2211       case Bytecodes::_getstatic      : // fall through
2212       case Bytecodes::_instanceof     : // fall through
2213       case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic  : // fall through
2214       case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface: // fall through
2215       case Bytecodes::_invokespecial  : // fall through
2216       case Bytecodes::_invokestatic   : // fall through
2217       case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual  : // fall through
2218       case Bytecodes::_ldc_w          : // fall through
2219       case Bytecodes::_ldc2_w         : // fall through
2220       case Bytecodes::_multianewarray : // fall through
2221       case Bytecodes::_new            : // fall through
2222       case Bytecodes::_putfield       : // fall through
2223       case Bytecodes::_putstatic      :
2224       {
2225         address p = bcp + 1;
2226         int cp_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(p);
2227         u2 new_index = find_new_index(cp_index);
2228         if (new_index != 0) {
2229           // the original index is mapped so update w/ new value
2230           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
2231             ("%s@" INTPTR_FORMAT " old=%d, new=%d", Bytecodes::name(c),p2i(bcp), cp_index, new_index);
2232           // Rewriter::rewrite_method() uses put_native_u2() in this
2233           // situation because it is reusing the constant pool index
2234           // location for a native index into the ConstantPoolCache.
2235           // Since we are updating the constant pool index prior to
2236           // verification and ConstantPoolCache initialization, we
2237           // need to keep the new index in Java byte order.
2238           Bytes::put_Java_u2(p, new_index);
2239         }
2240       } break;
2241       default:
2242         break;
2243     }
2244   } // end for each bytecode
2245 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_method()
2246 
2247 
2248 // Rewrite constant pool references in the class_annotations field.
2249 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_annotations(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2250 
2251   AnnotationArray* class_annotations = scratch_class->class_annotations();
2252   if (class_annotations == nullptr || class_annotations->length() == 0) {
2253     // no class_annotations so nothing to do
2254     return true;
2255   }
2256 
2257   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("class_annotations length=%d", class_annotations->length());
2258 
2259   int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into class_annotations
2260   return rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(class_annotations, byte_i);
2261 }
2262 
2263 
2264 // Rewrite constant pool references in an annotations typeArray. This
2265 // "structure" is adapted from the RuntimeVisibleAnnotations_attribute
2266 // that is described in section 4.8.15 of the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2267 //
2268 // annotations_typeArray {
2269 //   u2 num_annotations;
2270 //   annotation annotations[num_annotations];
2271 // }
2272 //
2273 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(
2274        AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
2275 
2276   if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2277     // not enough room for num_annotations field
2278     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for num_annotations field");
2279     return false;
2280   }
2281 
2282   u2 num_annotations = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2283                          annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2284   byte_i_ref += 2;
2285 
2286   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_annotations=%d", num_annotations);
2287 
2288   int calc_num_annotations = 0;
2289   for (; calc_num_annotations < num_annotations; calc_num_annotations++) {
2290     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2291       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad annotation_struct at %d", calc_num_annotations);
2292       // propagate failure back to caller
2293       return false;
2294     }
2295   }
2296   assert(num_annotations == calc_num_annotations, "sanity check");
2297 
2298   return true;
2299 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray()
2300 
2301 
2302 // Rewrite constant pool references in the annotation struct portion of
2303 // an annotations_typeArray. This "structure" is from section 4.8.15 of
2304 // the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2305 //
2306 // struct annotation {
2307 //   u2 type_index;
2308 //   u2 num_element_value_pairs;
2309 //   {
2310 //     u2 element_name_index;
2311 //     element_value value;
2312 //   } element_value_pairs[num_element_value_pairs];
2313 // }
2314 //
2315 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(
2316        AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
2317   if ((byte_i_ref + 2 + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2318     // not enough room for smallest annotation_struct
2319     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for annotation_struct");
2320     return false;
2321   }
2322 
2323   u2 type_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(annotations_typeArray,
2324                     byte_i_ref, "type_index");
2325 
2326   u2 num_element_value_pairs = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2327                                  annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2328   byte_i_ref += 2;
2329 
2330   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2331     ("type_index=%d  num_element_value_pairs=%d", type_index, num_element_value_pairs);
2332 
2333   int calc_num_element_value_pairs = 0;
2334   for (; calc_num_element_value_pairs < num_element_value_pairs;
2335        calc_num_element_value_pairs++) {
2336     if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2337       // not enough room for another element_name_index, let alone
2338       // the rest of another component
2339       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for element_name_index");
2340       return false;
2341     }
2342 
2343     u2 element_name_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2344                               annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2345                               "element_name_index");
2346 
2347     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("element_name_index=%d", element_name_index);
2348 
2349     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2350       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad element_value at %d", calc_num_element_value_pairs);
2351       // propagate failure back to caller
2352       return false;
2353     }
2354   } // end for each component
2355   assert(num_element_value_pairs == calc_num_element_value_pairs,
2356     "sanity check");
2357 
2358   return true;
2359 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct()
2360 
2361 
2362 // Rewrite a constant pool reference at the current position in
2363 // annotations_typeArray if needed. Returns the original constant
2364 // pool reference if a rewrite was not needed or the new constant
2365 // pool reference if a rewrite was needed.
2366 u2 VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2367      AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2368      const char * trace_mesg) {
2369 
2370   address cp_index_addr = (address)
2371     annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref);
2372   u2 old_cp_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(cp_index_addr);
2373   u2 new_cp_index = find_new_index(old_cp_index);
2374   if (new_cp_index != 0) {
2375     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("mapped old %s=%d", trace_mesg, old_cp_index);
2376     Bytes::put_Java_u2(cp_index_addr, new_cp_index);
2377     old_cp_index = new_cp_index;
2378   }
2379   byte_i_ref += 2;
2380   return old_cp_index;
2381 }
2382 
2383 
2384 // Rewrite constant pool references in the element_value portion of an
2385 // annotations_typeArray. This "structure" is from section 4.8.15.1 of
2386 // the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2387 //
2388 // struct element_value {
2389 //   u1 tag;
2390 //   union {
2391 //     u2 const_value_index;
2392 //     {
2393 //       u2 type_name_index;
2394 //       u2 const_name_index;
2395 //     } enum_const_value;
2396 //     u2 class_info_index;
2397 //     annotation annotation_value;
2398 //     struct {
2399 //       u2 num_values;
2400 //       element_value values[num_values];
2401 //     } array_value;
2402 //   } value;
2403 // }
2404 //
2405 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(
2406        AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
2407 
2408   if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2409     // not enough room for a tag let alone the rest of an element_value
2410     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a tag");
2411     return false;
2412   }
2413 
2414   u1 tag = annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2415   byte_i_ref++;
2416   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("tag='%c'", tag);
2417 
2418   switch (tag) {
2419     // These BaseType tag values are from Table 4.2 in VM spec:
2420     case JVM_SIGNATURE_BYTE:
2421     case JVM_SIGNATURE_CHAR:
2422     case JVM_SIGNATURE_DOUBLE:
2423     case JVM_SIGNATURE_FLOAT:
2424     case JVM_SIGNATURE_INT:
2425     case JVM_SIGNATURE_LONG:
2426     case JVM_SIGNATURE_SHORT:
2427     case JVM_SIGNATURE_BOOLEAN:
2428 
2429     // The remaining tag values are from Table 4.8 in the 2nd-edition of
2430     // the VM spec:
2431     case 's':
2432     {
2433       // For the above tag values (including the BaseType values),
2434       // value.const_value_index is right union field.
2435 
2436       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2437         // not enough room for a const_value_index
2438         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a const_value_index");
2439         return false;
2440       }
2441 
2442       u2 const_value_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2443                                annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2444                                "const_value_index");
2445 
2446       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("const_value_index=%d", const_value_index);
2447     } break;
2448 
2449     case 'e':
2450     {
2451       // for the above tag value, value.enum_const_value is right union field
2452 
2453       if ((byte_i_ref + 4) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2454         // not enough room for a enum_const_value
2455         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a enum_const_value");
2456         return false;
2457       }
2458 
2459       u2 type_name_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2460                              annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2461                              "type_name_index");
2462 
2463       u2 const_name_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2464                               annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2465                               "const_name_index");
2466 
2467       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2468         ("type_name_index=%d  const_name_index=%d", type_name_index, const_name_index);
2469     } break;
2470 
2471     case 'c':
2472     {
2473       // for the above tag value, value.class_info_index is right union field
2474 
2475       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2476         // not enough room for a class_info_index
2477         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a class_info_index");
2478         return false;
2479       }
2480 
2481       u2 class_info_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2482                               annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2483                               "class_info_index");
2484 
2485       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("class_info_index=%d", class_info_index);
2486     } break;
2487 
2488     case '@':
2489       // For the above tag value, value.attr_value is the right union
2490       // field. This is a nested annotation.
2491       if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2492         // propagate failure back to caller
2493         return false;
2494       }
2495       break;
2496 
2497     case JVM_SIGNATURE_ARRAY:
2498     {
2499       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2500         // not enough room for a num_values field
2501         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a num_values field");
2502         return false;
2503       }
2504 
2505       // For the above tag value, value.array_value is the right union
2506       // field. This is an array of nested element_value.
2507       u2 num_values = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2508                         annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2509       byte_i_ref += 2;
2510       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_values=%d", num_values);
2511 
2512       int calc_num_values = 0;
2513       for (; calc_num_values < num_values; calc_num_values++) {
2514         if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2515           log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad nested element_value at %d", calc_num_values);
2516           // propagate failure back to caller
2517           return false;
2518         }
2519       }
2520       assert(num_values == calc_num_values, "sanity check");
2521     } break;
2522 
2523     default:
2524       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad tag=0x%x", tag);
2525       return false;
2526   } // end decode tag field
2527 
2528   return true;
2529 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value()
2530 
2531 
2532 // Rewrite constant pool references in a fields_annotations field.
2533 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_annotations(
2534        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2535 
2536   Array<AnnotationArray*>* fields_annotations = scratch_class->fields_annotations();
2537 
2538   if (fields_annotations == nullptr || fields_annotations->length() == 0) {
2539     // no fields_annotations so nothing to do
2540     return true;
2541   }
2542 
2543   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("fields_annotations length=%d", fields_annotations->length());
2544 
2545   for (int i = 0; i < fields_annotations->length(); i++) {
2546     AnnotationArray* field_annotations = fields_annotations->at(i);
2547     if (field_annotations == nullptr || field_annotations->length() == 0) {
2548       // this field does not have any annotations so skip it
2549       continue;
2550     }
2551 
2552     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into field_annotations
2553     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(field_annotations, byte_i)) {
2554       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad field_annotations at %d", i);
2555       // propagate failure back to caller
2556       return false;
2557     }
2558   }
2559 
2560   return true;
2561 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_annotations()
2562 
2563 
2564 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_annotations field.
2565 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_annotations(
2566        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2567 
2568   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2569     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2570     AnnotationArray* method_annotations = m->constMethod()->method_annotations();
2571 
2572     if (method_annotations == nullptr || method_annotations->length() == 0) {
2573       // this method does not have any annotations so skip it
2574       continue;
2575     }
2576 
2577     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_annotations
2578     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(method_annotations, byte_i)) {
2579       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad method_annotations at %d", i);
2580       // propagate failure back to caller
2581       return false;
2582     }
2583   }
2584 
2585   return true;
2586 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_annotations()
2587 
2588 
2589 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_parameter_annotations
2590 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the
2591 // RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations_attribute described in section
2592 // 4.8.17 of the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2593 //
2594 // methods_parameter_annotations_typeArray {
2595 //   u1 num_parameters;
2596 //   {
2597 //     u2 num_annotations;
2598 //     annotation annotations[num_annotations];
2599 //   } parameter_annotations[num_parameters];
2600 // }
2601 //
2602 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_parameter_annotations(
2603        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2604 
2605   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2606     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2607     AnnotationArray* method_parameter_annotations = m->constMethod()->parameter_annotations();
2608     if (method_parameter_annotations == nullptr
2609         || method_parameter_annotations->length() == 0) {
2610       // this method does not have any parameter annotations so skip it
2611       continue;
2612     }
2613 
2614     if (method_parameter_annotations->length() < 1) {
2615       // not enough room for a num_parameters field
2616       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a num_parameters field at %d", i);
2617       return false;
2618     }
2619 
2620     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_parameter_annotations
2621 
2622     u1 num_parameters = method_parameter_annotations->at(byte_i);
2623     byte_i++;
2624 
2625     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_parameters=%d", num_parameters);
2626 
2627     int calc_num_parameters = 0;
2628     for (; calc_num_parameters < num_parameters; calc_num_parameters++) {
2629       if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(method_parameter_annotations, byte_i)) {
2630         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad method_parameter_annotations at %d", calc_num_parameters);
2631         // propagate failure back to caller
2632         return false;
2633       }
2634     }
2635     assert(num_parameters == calc_num_parameters, "sanity check");
2636   }
2637 
2638   return true;
2639 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_parameter_annotations()
2640 
2641 
2642 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_default_annotations
2643 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the AnnotationDefault_attribute
2644 // that is described in section 4.8.19 of the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2645 //
2646 // methods_default_annotations_typeArray {
2647 //   element_value default_value;
2648 // }
2649 //
2650 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_default_annotations(
2651        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2652 
2653   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2654     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2655     AnnotationArray* method_default_annotations = m->constMethod()->default_annotations();
2656     if (method_default_annotations == nullptr
2657         || method_default_annotations->length() == 0) {
2658       // this method does not have any default annotations so skip it
2659       continue;
2660     }
2661 
2662     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_default_annotations
2663 
2664     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(
2665            method_default_annotations, byte_i)) {
2666       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad default element_value at %d", i);
2667       // propagate failure back to caller
2668       return false;
2669     }
2670   }
2671 
2672   return true;
2673 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_default_annotations()
2674 
2675 
2676 // Rewrite constant pool references in a class_type_annotations field.
2677 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_type_annotations(
2678        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2679 
2680   AnnotationArray* class_type_annotations = scratch_class->class_type_annotations();
2681   if (class_type_annotations == nullptr || class_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2682     // no class_type_annotations so nothing to do
2683     return true;
2684   }
2685 
2686   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("class_type_annotations length=%d", class_type_annotations->length());
2687 
2688   int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into class_type_annotations
2689   return rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(class_type_annotations,
2690       byte_i, "ClassFile");
2691 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_type_annotations()
2692 
2693 
2694 // Rewrite constant pool references in a fields_type_annotations field.
2695 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_type_annotations(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2696 
2697   Array<AnnotationArray*>* fields_type_annotations = scratch_class->fields_type_annotations();
2698   if (fields_type_annotations == nullptr || fields_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2699     // no fields_type_annotations so nothing to do
2700     return true;
2701   }
2702 
2703   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("fields_type_annotations length=%d", fields_type_annotations->length());
2704 
2705   for (int i = 0; i < fields_type_annotations->length(); i++) {
2706     AnnotationArray* field_type_annotations = fields_type_annotations->at(i);
2707     if (field_type_annotations == nullptr || field_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2708       // this field does not have any annotations so skip it
2709       continue;
2710     }
2711 
2712     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into field_type_annotations
2713     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(field_type_annotations,
2714            byte_i, "field_info")) {
2715       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad field_type_annotations at %d", i);
2716       // propagate failure back to caller
2717       return false;
2718     }
2719   }
2720 
2721   return true;
2722 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_type_annotations()
2723 
2724 
2725 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_type_annotations field.
2726 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_type_annotations(
2727        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2728 
2729   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2730     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2731     AnnotationArray* method_type_annotations = m->constMethod()->type_annotations();
2732 
2733     if (method_type_annotations == nullptr || method_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2734       // this method does not have any annotations so skip it
2735       continue;
2736     }
2737 
2738     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("methods type_annotations length=%d", method_type_annotations->length());
2739 
2740     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_type_annotations
2741     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(method_type_annotations,
2742            byte_i, "method_info")) {
2743       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad method_type_annotations at %d", i);
2744       // propagate failure back to caller
2745       return false;
2746     }
2747   }
2748 
2749   return true;
2750 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_type_annotations()
2751 
2752 
2753 // Rewrite constant pool references in a type_annotations
2754 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the
2755 // RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations_attribute described in
2756 // section 4.7.20 of the Java SE 8 Edition of the VM spec:
2757 //
2758 // type_annotations_typeArray {
2759 //   u2              num_annotations;
2760 //   type_annotation annotations[num_annotations];
2761 // }
2762 //
2763 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(
2764        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2765        const char * location_mesg) {
2766 
2767   if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2768     // not enough room for num_annotations field
2769     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for num_annotations field");
2770     return false;
2771   }
2772 
2773   u2 num_annotations = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2774                          type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2775   byte_i_ref += 2;
2776 
2777   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_type_annotations=%d", num_annotations);
2778 
2779   int calc_num_annotations = 0;
2780   for (; calc_num_annotations < num_annotations; calc_num_annotations++) {
2781     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotation_struct(type_annotations_typeArray,
2782            byte_i_ref, location_mesg)) {
2783       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad type_annotation_struct at %d", calc_num_annotations);
2784       // propagate failure back to caller
2785       return false;
2786     }
2787   }
2788   assert(num_annotations == calc_num_annotations, "sanity check");
2789 
2790   if (byte_i_ref != type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2791     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2792       ("read wrong amount of bytes at end of processing type_annotations_typeArray (%d of %d bytes were read)",
2793        byte_i_ref, type_annotations_typeArray->length());
2794     return false;
2795   }
2796 
2797   return true;
2798 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray()
2799 
2800 
2801 // Rewrite constant pool references in a type_annotation
2802 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the
2803 // RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations_attribute described in
2804 // section 4.7.20 of the Java SE 8 Edition of the VM spec:
2805 //
2806 // type_annotation {
2807 //   u1 target_type;
2808 //   union {
2809 //     type_parameter_target;
2810 //     supertype_target;
2811 //     type_parameter_bound_target;
2812 //     empty_target;
2813 //     method_formal_parameter_target;
2814 //     throws_target;
2815 //     localvar_target;
2816 //     catch_target;
2817 //     offset_target;
2818 //     type_argument_target;
2819 //   } target_info;
2820 //   type_path target_path;
2821 //   annotation anno;
2822 // }
2823 //
2824 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotation_struct(
2825        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2826        const char * location_mesg) {
2827 
2828   if (!skip_type_annotation_target(type_annotations_typeArray,
2829          byte_i_ref, location_mesg)) {
2830     return false;
2831   }
2832 
2833   if (!skip_type_annotation_type_path(type_annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2834     return false;
2835   }
2836 
2837   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(type_annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2838     return false;
2839   }
2840 
2841   return true;
2842 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotation_struct()
2843 
2844 
2845 // Read, verify and skip over the target_type and target_info part
2846 // so that rewriting can continue in the later parts of the struct.
2847 //
2848 // u1 target_type;
2849 // union {
2850 //   type_parameter_target;
2851 //   supertype_target;
2852 //   type_parameter_bound_target;
2853 //   empty_target;
2854 //   method_formal_parameter_target;
2855 //   throws_target;
2856 //   localvar_target;
2857 //   catch_target;
2858 //   offset_target;
2859 //   type_argument_target;
2860 // } target_info;
2861 //
2862 bool VM_RedefineClasses::skip_type_annotation_target(
2863        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2864        const char * location_mesg) {
2865 
2866   if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2867     // not enough room for a target_type let alone the rest of a type_annotation
2868     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a target_type");
2869     return false;
2870   }
2871 
2872   u1 target_type = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2873   byte_i_ref += 1;
2874   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("target_type=0x%.2x", target_type);
2875   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("location=%s", location_mesg);
2876 
2877   // Skip over target_info
2878   switch (target_type) {
2879     case 0x00:
2880     // kind: type parameter declaration of generic class or interface
2881     // location: ClassFile
2882     case 0x01:
2883     // kind: type parameter declaration of generic method or constructor
2884     // location: method_info
2885 
2886     {
2887       // struct:
2888       // type_parameter_target {
2889       //   u1 type_parameter_index;
2890       // }
2891       //
2892       if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2893         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_parameter_target");
2894         return false;
2895       }
2896 
2897       u1 type_parameter_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2898       byte_i_ref += 1;
2899 
2900       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("type_parameter_target: type_parameter_index=%d", type_parameter_index);
2901     } break;
2902 
2903     case 0x10:
2904     // kind: type in extends clause of class or interface declaration
2905     //       or in implements clause of interface declaration
2906     // location: ClassFile
2907 
2908     {
2909       // struct:
2910       // supertype_target {
2911       //   u2 supertype_index;
2912       // }
2913       //
2914       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2915         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a supertype_target");
2916         return false;
2917       }
2918 
2919       u2 supertype_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2920                              type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2921       byte_i_ref += 2;
2922 
2923       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("supertype_target: supertype_index=%d", supertype_index);
2924     } break;
2925 
2926     case 0x11:
2927     // kind: type in bound of type parameter declaration of generic class or interface
2928     // location: ClassFile
2929     case 0x12:
2930     // kind: type in bound of type parameter declaration of generic method or constructor
2931     // location: method_info
2932 
2933     {
2934       // struct:
2935       // type_parameter_bound_target {
2936       //   u1 type_parameter_index;
2937       //   u1 bound_index;
2938       // }
2939       //
2940       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2941         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_parameter_bound_target");
2942         return false;
2943       }
2944 
2945       u1 type_parameter_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2946       byte_i_ref += 1;
2947       u1 bound_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2948       byte_i_ref += 1;
2949 
2950       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2951         ("type_parameter_bound_target: type_parameter_index=%d, bound_index=%d", type_parameter_index, bound_index);
2952     } break;
2953 
2954     case 0x13:
2955     // kind: type in field declaration
2956     // location: field_info
2957     case 0x14:
2958     // kind: return type of method, or type of newly constructed object
2959     // location: method_info
2960     case 0x15:
2961     // kind: receiver type of method or constructor
2962     // location: method_info
2963 
2964     {
2965       // struct:
2966       // empty_target {
2967       // }
2968       //
2969       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("empty_target");
2970     } break;
2971 
2972     case 0x16:
2973     // kind: type in formal parameter declaration of method, constructor, or lambda expression
2974     // location: method_info
2975 
2976     {
2977       // struct:
2978       // formal_parameter_target {
2979       //   u1 formal_parameter_index;
2980       // }
2981       //
2982       if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2983         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a formal_parameter_target");
2984         return false;
2985       }
2986 
2987       u1 formal_parameter_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2988       byte_i_ref += 1;
2989 
2990       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2991         ("formal_parameter_target: formal_parameter_index=%d", formal_parameter_index);
2992     } break;
2993 
2994     case 0x17:
2995     // kind: type in throws clause of method or constructor
2996     // location: method_info
2997 
2998     {
2999       // struct:
3000       // throws_target {
3001       //   u2 throws_type_index
3002       // }
3003       //
3004       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3005         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a throws_target");
3006         return false;
3007       }
3008 
3009       u2 throws_type_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3010                                type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3011       byte_i_ref += 2;
3012 
3013       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("throws_target: throws_type_index=%d", throws_type_index);
3014     } break;
3015 
3016     case 0x40:
3017     // kind: type in local variable declaration
3018     // location: Code
3019     case 0x41:
3020     // kind: type in resource variable declaration
3021     // location: Code
3022 
3023     {
3024       // struct:
3025       // localvar_target {
3026       //   u2 table_length;
3027       //   struct {
3028       //     u2 start_pc;
3029       //     u2 length;
3030       //     u2 index;
3031       //   } table[table_length];
3032       // }
3033       //
3034       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3035         // not enough room for a table_length let alone the rest of a localvar_target
3036         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a localvar_target table_length");
3037         return false;
3038       }
3039 
3040       u2 table_length = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3041                           type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3042       byte_i_ref += 2;
3043 
3044       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("localvar_target: table_length=%d", table_length);
3045 
3046       int table_struct_size = 2 + 2 + 2; // 3 u2 variables per table entry
3047       int table_size = table_length * table_struct_size;
3048 
3049       if ((byte_i_ref + table_size) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3050         // not enough room for a table
3051         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a table array of length %d", table_length);
3052         return false;
3053       }
3054 
3055       // Skip over table
3056       byte_i_ref += table_size;
3057     } break;
3058 
3059     case 0x42:
3060     // kind: type in exception parameter declaration
3061     // location: Code
3062 
3063     {
3064       // struct:
3065       // catch_target {
3066       //   u2 exception_table_index;
3067       // }
3068       //
3069       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3070         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a catch_target");
3071         return false;
3072       }
3073 
3074       u2 exception_table_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3075                                    type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3076       byte_i_ref += 2;
3077 
3078       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("catch_target: exception_table_index=%d", exception_table_index);
3079     } break;
3080 
3081     case 0x43:
3082     // kind: type in instanceof expression
3083     // location: Code
3084     case 0x44:
3085     // kind: type in new expression
3086     // location: Code
3087     case 0x45:
3088     // kind: type in method reference expression using ::new
3089     // location: Code
3090     case 0x46:
3091     // kind: type in method reference expression using ::Identifier
3092     // location: Code
3093 
3094     {
3095       // struct:
3096       // offset_target {
3097       //   u2 offset;
3098       // }
3099       //
3100       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3101         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a offset_target");
3102         return false;
3103       }
3104 
3105       u2 offset = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3106                     type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3107       byte_i_ref += 2;
3108 
3109       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("offset_target: offset=%d", offset);
3110     } break;
3111 
3112     case 0x47:
3113     // kind: type in cast expression
3114     // location: Code
3115     case 0x48:
3116     // kind: type argument for generic constructor in new expression or
3117     //       explicit constructor invocation statement
3118     // location: Code
3119     case 0x49:
3120     // kind: type argument for generic method in method invocation expression
3121     // location: Code
3122     case 0x4A:
3123     // kind: type argument for generic constructor in method reference expression using ::new
3124     // location: Code
3125     case 0x4B:
3126     // kind: type argument for generic method in method reference expression using ::Identifier
3127     // location: Code
3128 
3129     {
3130       // struct:
3131       // type_argument_target {
3132       //   u2 offset;
3133       //   u1 type_argument_index;
3134       // }
3135       //
3136       if ((byte_i_ref + 3) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3137         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_argument_target");
3138         return false;
3139       }
3140 
3141       u2 offset = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3142                     type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3143       byte_i_ref += 2;
3144       u1 type_argument_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3145       byte_i_ref += 1;
3146 
3147       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3148         ("type_argument_target: offset=%d, type_argument_index=%d", offset, type_argument_index);
3149     } break;
3150 
3151     default:
3152       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("unknown target_type");
3153 #ifdef ASSERT
3154       ShouldNotReachHere();
3155 #endif
3156       return false;
3157   }
3158 
3159   return true;
3160 } // end skip_type_annotation_target()
3161 
3162 
3163 // Read, verify and skip over the type_path part so that rewriting
3164 // can continue in the later parts of the struct.
3165 //
3166 // type_path {
3167 //   u1 path_length;
3168 //   {
3169 //     u1 type_path_kind;
3170 //     u1 type_argument_index;
3171 //   } path[path_length];
3172 // }
3173 //
3174 bool VM_RedefineClasses::skip_type_annotation_type_path(
3175        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
3176 
3177   if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3178     // not enough room for a path_length let alone the rest of the type_path
3179     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_path");
3180     return false;
3181   }
3182 
3183   u1 path_length = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3184   byte_i_ref += 1;
3185 
3186   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("type_path: path_length=%d", path_length);
3187 
3188   int calc_path_length = 0;
3189   for (; calc_path_length < path_length; calc_path_length++) {
3190     if ((byte_i_ref + 1 + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3191       // not enough room for a path
3192       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3193         ("length() is too small for path entry %d of %d", calc_path_length, path_length);
3194       return false;
3195     }
3196 
3197     u1 type_path_kind = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3198     byte_i_ref += 1;
3199     u1 type_argument_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3200     byte_i_ref += 1;
3201 
3202     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3203       ("type_path: path[%d]: type_path_kind=%d, type_argument_index=%d",
3204        calc_path_length, type_path_kind, type_argument_index);
3205 
3206     if (type_path_kind > 3 || (type_path_kind != 3 && type_argument_index != 0)) {
3207       // not enough room for a path
3208       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("inconsistent type_path values");
3209       return false;
3210     }
3211   }
3212   assert(path_length == calc_path_length, "sanity check");
3213 
3214   return true;
3215 } // end skip_type_annotation_type_path()
3216 
3217 
3218 // Rewrite constant pool references in the method's stackmap table.
3219 // These "structures" are adapted from the StackMapTable_attribute that
3220 // is described in section 4.8.4 of the 6.0 version of the VM spec
3221 // (dated 2005.10.26):
3222 // file:///net/quincunx.sfbay/export/gbracha/ClassFile-Java6.pdf
3223 //
3224 // stack_map {
3225 //   u2 number_of_entries;
3226 //   stack_map_frame entries[number_of_entries];
3227 // }
3228 //
3229 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_stack_map_table(
3230        const methodHandle& method) {
3231 
3232   if (!method->has_stackmap_table()) {
3233     return;
3234   }
3235 
3236   AnnotationArray* stackmap_data = method->stackmap_data();
3237   address stackmap_p = (address)stackmap_data->adr_at(0);
3238   address stackmap_end = stackmap_p + stackmap_data->length();
3239 
3240   assert(stackmap_p + 2 <= stackmap_end, "no room for number_of_entries");
3241   u2 number_of_entries = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p);
3242   stackmap_p += 2;
3243 
3244   log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("number_of_entries=%u", number_of_entries);
3245 
3246   // walk through each stack_map_frame
3247   u2 calc_number_of_entries = 0;
3248   for (; calc_number_of_entries < number_of_entries; calc_number_of_entries++) {
3249     // The stack_map_frame structure is a u1 frame_type followed by
3250     // 0 or more bytes of data:
3251     //
3252     // union stack_map_frame {
3253     //   same_frame;
3254     //   same_locals_1_stack_item_frame;
3255     //   same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended;
3256     //   chop_frame;
3257     //   same_frame_extended;
3258     //   append_frame;
3259     //   full_frame;
3260     // }
3261 
3262     assert(stackmap_p + 1 <= stackmap_end, "no room for frame_type");
3263     u1 frame_type = *stackmap_p;
3264     stackmap_p++;
3265 
3266     // same_frame {
3267     //   u1 frame_type = SAME; /* 0-63 */
3268     // }
3269     if (frame_type <= StackMapReader::SAME_FRAME_END) {
3270       // nothing more to do for same_frame
3271     }
3272 
3273     // same_locals_1_stack_item_frame {
3274     //   u1 frame_type = SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM; /* 64-127 */
3275     //   verification_type_info stack[1];
3276     // }
3277     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_START &&
3278              frame_type <= StackMapReader::SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_END) {
3279       rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3280         calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3281     }
3282 
3283     // reserved for future use
3284     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::RESERVED_START &&
3285              frame_type <= StackMapReader::RESERVED_END) {
3286       // nothing more to do for reserved frame_types
3287     }
3288 
3289     // same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended {
3290     //   u1 frame_type = SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_EXTENDED; /* 247 */
3291     //   u2 offset_delta;
3292     //   verification_type_info stack[1];
3293     // }
3294     else if (frame_type == StackMapReader::SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_EXTENDED) {
3295       stackmap_p += 2;
3296       rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3297         calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3298     }
3299 
3300     // chop_frame {
3301     //   u1 frame_type = CHOP; /* 248-250 */
3302     //   u2 offset_delta;
3303     // }
3304     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::CHOP_FRAME_START &&
3305              frame_type <= StackMapReader::CHOP_FRAME_END) {
3306       stackmap_p += 2;
3307     }
3308 
3309     // same_frame_extended {
3310     //   u1 frame_type = SAME_EXTENDED; /* 251 */
3311     //   u2 offset_delta;
3312     // }
3313     else if (frame_type == StackMapReader::SAME_FRAME_EXTENDED) {
3314       stackmap_p += 2;
3315     }
3316 
3317     // append_frame {
3318     //   u1 frame_type = APPEND; /* 252-254 */
3319     //   u2 offset_delta;
3320     //   verification_type_info locals[frame_type - SAME_EXTENDED];
3321     // }
3322     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::APPEND_FRAME_START &&
3323              frame_type <= StackMapReader::APPEND_FRAME_END) {
3324       assert(stackmap_p + 2 <= stackmap_end,
3325         "no room for offset_delta");
3326       stackmap_p += 2;
3327       u1 len = frame_type - StackMapReader::APPEND_FRAME_START + 1;
3328       for (u1 i = 0; i < len; i++) {
3329         rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3330           calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3331       }
3332     }
3333 
3334     // full_frame {
3335     //   u1 frame_type = FULL_FRAME; /* 255 */
3336     //   u2 offset_delta;
3337     //   u2 number_of_locals;
3338     //   verification_type_info locals[number_of_locals];
3339     //   u2 number_of_stack_items;
3340     //   verification_type_info stack[number_of_stack_items];
3341     // }
3342     else if (frame_type == StackMapReader::FULL_FRAME) {
3343       assert(stackmap_p + 2 + 2 <= stackmap_end,
3344         "no room for smallest full_frame");
3345       stackmap_p += 2;
3346 
3347       u2 number_of_locals = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p);
3348       stackmap_p += 2;
3349 
3350       for (u2 locals_i = 0; locals_i < number_of_locals; locals_i++) {
3351         rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3352           calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3353       }
3354 
3355       // Use the largest size for the number_of_stack_items, but only get
3356       // the right number of bytes.
3357       u2 number_of_stack_items = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p);
3358       stackmap_p += 2;
3359 
3360       for (u2 stack_i = 0; stack_i < number_of_stack_items; stack_i++) {
3361         rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3362           calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3363       }
3364     }
3365   } // end while there is a stack_map_frame
3366   assert(number_of_entries == calc_number_of_entries, "sanity check");
3367 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_stack_map_table()
3368 
3369 
3370 // Rewrite constant pool references in the verification type info
3371 // portion of the method's stackmap table. These "structures" are
3372 // adapted from the StackMapTable_attribute that is described in
3373 // section 4.8.4 of the 6.0 version of the VM spec (dated 2005.10.26):
3374 // file:///net/quincunx.sfbay/export/gbracha/ClassFile-Java6.pdf
3375 //
3376 // The verification_type_info structure is a u1 tag followed by 0 or
3377 // more bytes of data:
3378 //
3379 // union verification_type_info {
3380 //   Top_variable_info;
3381 //   Integer_variable_info;
3382 //   Float_variable_info;
3383 //   Long_variable_info;
3384 //   Double_variable_info;
3385 //   Null_variable_info;
3386 //   UninitializedThis_variable_info;
3387 //   Object_variable_info;
3388 //   Uninitialized_variable_info;
3389 // }
3390 //
3391 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(
3392        address& stackmap_p_ref, address stackmap_end, u2 frame_i,
3393        u1 frame_type) {
3394 
3395   assert(stackmap_p_ref + 1 <= stackmap_end, "no room for tag");
3396   u1 tag = *stackmap_p_ref;
3397   stackmap_p_ref++;
3398 
3399   switch (tag) {
3400   // Top_variable_info {
3401   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Top; /* 0 */
3402   // }
3403   // verificationType.hpp has zero as ITEM_Bogus instead of ITEM_Top
3404   case 0:  // fall through
3405 
3406   // Integer_variable_info {
3407   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Integer; /* 1 */
3408   // }
3409   case ITEM_Integer:  // fall through
3410 
3411   // Float_variable_info {
3412   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Float; /* 2 */
3413   // }
3414   case ITEM_Float:  // fall through
3415 
3416   // Double_variable_info {
3417   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Double; /* 3 */
3418   // }
3419   case ITEM_Double:  // fall through
3420 
3421   // Long_variable_info {
3422   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Long; /* 4 */
3423   // }
3424   case ITEM_Long:  // fall through
3425 
3426   // Null_variable_info {
3427   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Null; /* 5 */
3428   // }
3429   case ITEM_Null:  // fall through
3430 
3431   // UninitializedThis_variable_info {
3432   //   u1 tag = ITEM_UninitializedThis; /* 6 */
3433   // }
3434   case ITEM_UninitializedThis:
3435     // nothing more to do for the above tag types
3436     break;
3437 
3438   // Object_variable_info {
3439   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Object; /* 7 */
3440   //   u2 cpool_index;
3441   // }
3442   case ITEM_Object:
3443   {
3444     assert(stackmap_p_ref + 2 <= stackmap_end, "no room for cpool_index");
3445     u2 cpool_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref);
3446     u2 new_cp_index = find_new_index(cpool_index);
3447     if (new_cp_index != 0) {
3448       log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("mapped old cpool_index=%d", cpool_index);
3449       Bytes::put_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref, new_cp_index);
3450       cpool_index = new_cp_index;
3451     }
3452     stackmap_p_ref += 2;
3453 
3454     log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)
3455       ("frame_i=%u, frame_type=%u, cpool_index=%d", frame_i, frame_type, cpool_index);
3456   } break;
3457 
3458   // Uninitialized_variable_info {
3459   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Uninitialized; /* 8 */
3460   //   u2 offset;
3461   // }
3462   case ITEM_Uninitialized:
3463     assert(stackmap_p_ref + 2 <= stackmap_end, "no room for offset");
3464     stackmap_p_ref += 2;
3465     break;
3466 
3467   default:
3468     log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("frame_i=%u, frame_type=%u, bad tag=0x%x", frame_i, frame_type, tag);
3469     ShouldNotReachHere();
3470     break;
3471   } // end switch (tag)
3472 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info()
3473 
3474 
3475 // Change the constant pool associated with klass scratch_class to scratch_cp.
3476 // scratch_cp_length elements are copied from scratch_cp to a smaller constant pool
3477 // and the smaller constant pool is associated with scratch_class.
3478 void VM_RedefineClasses::set_new_constant_pool(
3479        ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
3480        InstanceKlass* scratch_class, constantPoolHandle scratch_cp,
3481        int scratch_cp_length, TRAPS) {
3482   assert(scratch_cp->length() >= scratch_cp_length, "sanity check");
3483 
3484   // scratch_cp is a merged constant pool and has enough space for a
3485   // worst case merge situation. We want to associate the minimum
3486   // sized constant pool with the klass to save space.
3487   ConstantPool* cp = ConstantPool::allocate(loader_data, scratch_cp_length, CHECK);
3488   constantPoolHandle smaller_cp(THREAD, cp);
3489 
3490   // preserve version() value in the smaller copy
3491   int version = scratch_cp->version();
3492   assert(version != 0, "sanity check");
3493   smaller_cp->set_version(version);
3494 
3495   // attach klass to new constant pool
3496   // reference to the cp holder is needed for reallocating the BSM attribute
3497   smaller_cp->set_pool_holder(scratch_class);
3498 
3499   smaller_cp->copy_fields(scratch_cp());
3500 
3501   scratch_cp->copy_cp_to(1, scratch_cp_length - 1, smaller_cp, 1, THREAD);
3502   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
3503     // Exception is handled in the caller
3504     loader_data->add_to_deallocate_list(smaller_cp());
3505     return;
3506   }
3507   scratch_cp = smaller_cp;
3508 
3509   // attach new constant pool to klass
3510   scratch_class->set_constants(scratch_cp());
3511   scratch_cp->initialize_unresolved_klasses(loader_data, CHECK);
3512 
3513   int i;  // for portability
3514 
3515   // update each field in klass to use new constant pool indices as needed
3516   int java_fields;
3517   int injected_fields;
3518   bool update_required = false;
3519   GrowableArray<FieldInfo>* fields = FieldInfoStream::create_FieldInfoArray(scratch_class->fieldinfo_stream(), &java_fields, &injected_fields);
3520   for (int i = 0; i < java_fields; i++) {
3521     FieldInfo* fi = fields->adr_at(i);
3522     jshort cur_index = fi->name_index();
3523     jshort new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3524     if (new_index != 0) {
3525       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-name_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3526       fi->set_name_index(new_index);
3527       update_required = true;
3528     }
3529     cur_index = fi->signature_index();
3530     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3531     if (new_index != 0) {
3532       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-signature_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3533       fi->set_signature_index(new_index);
3534       update_required = true;
3535     }
3536     cur_index = fi->initializer_index();
3537     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3538     if (new_index != 0) {
3539       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-initval_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3540       fi->set_initializer_index(new_index);
3541       update_required = true;
3542     }
3543     cur_index = fi->generic_signature_index();
3544     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3545     if (new_index != 0) {
3546       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-generic_signature change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3547       fi->set_generic_signature_index(new_index);
3548       update_required = true;
3549     }
3550   }
3551   if (update_required) {
3552     Array<u1>* old_stream = scratch_class->fieldinfo_stream();
3553     assert(fields->length() == (java_fields + injected_fields), "Must be");
3554     Array<u1>* new_fis = FieldInfoStream::create_FieldInfoStream(fields, java_fields, injected_fields, scratch_class->class_loader_data(), CHECK);
3555     scratch_class->set_fieldinfo_stream(new_fis);
3556     MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(scratch_class->class_loader_data(), old_stream);
3557 
3558     Array<u1>* old_table = scratch_class->fieldinfo_search_table();
3559     Array<u1>* search_table = FieldInfoStream::create_search_table(scratch_class->constants(), new_fis, scratch_class->class_loader_data(), CHECK);
3560     scratch_class->set_fieldinfo_search_table(search_table);
3561     MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(scratch_class->class_loader_data(), old_table);
3562 
3563     DEBUG_ONLY(FieldInfoStream::validate_search_table(scratch_class->constants(), new_fis, search_table));
3564   }
3565 
3566   // Update constant pool indices in the inner classes info to use
3567   // new constant indices as needed. The inner classes info is a
3568   // quadruple:
3569   // (inner_class_info, outer_class_info, inner_name, inner_access_flags)
3570   InnerClassesIterator iter(scratch_class);
3571   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
3572     int cur_index = iter.inner_class_info_index();
3573     if (cur_index == 0) {
3574       continue;  // JVM spec. allows null inner class refs so skip it
3575     }
3576     u2 new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3577     if (new_index != 0) {
3578       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("inner_class_info change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3579       iter.set_inner_class_info_index(new_index);
3580     }
3581     cur_index = iter.outer_class_info_index();
3582     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3583     if (new_index != 0) {
3584       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("outer_class_info change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3585       iter.set_outer_class_info_index(new_index);
3586     }
3587     cur_index = iter.inner_name_index();
3588     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3589     if (new_index != 0) {
3590       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("inner_name change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3591       iter.set_inner_name_index(new_index);
3592     }
3593   } // end for each inner class
3594 
3595   // Attach each method in klass to the new constant pool and update
3596   // to use new constant pool indices as needed:
3597   Array<Method*>* methods = scratch_class->methods();
3598   for (i = methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
3599     methodHandle method(THREAD, methods->at(i));
3600     method->set_constants(scratch_cp());
3601 
3602     u2 new_index = find_new_index(method->name_index());
3603     if (new_index != 0) {
3604       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
3605         ("method-name_index change: %d to %d", method->name_index(), new_index);
3606       method->set_name_index(new_index);
3607     }
3608     new_index = find_new_index(method->signature_index());
3609     if (new_index != 0) {
3610       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
3611         ("method-signature_index change: %d to %d", method->signature_index(), new_index);
3612       method->set_signature_index(new_index);
3613     }
3614     new_index = find_new_index(method->generic_signature_index());
3615     if (new_index != 0) {
3616       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
3617         ("method-generic_signature_index change: %d to %d", method->generic_signature_index(), new_index);
3618       method->constMethod()->set_generic_signature_index(new_index);
3619     }
3620 
3621     // Update constant pool indices in the method's checked exception
3622     // table to use new constant indices as needed.
3623     int cext_length = method->checked_exceptions_length();
3624     if (cext_length > 0) {
3625       CheckedExceptionElement * cext_table =
3626         method->checked_exceptions_start();
3627       for (int j = 0; j < cext_length; j++) {
3628         int cur_index = cext_table[j].class_cp_index;
3629         int new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3630         if (new_index != 0) {
3631           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("cext-class_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3632           cext_table[j].class_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3633         }
3634       } // end for each checked exception table entry
3635     } // end if there are checked exception table entries
3636 
3637     // Update each catch type index in the method's exception table
3638     // to use new constant pool indices as needed. The exception table
3639     // holds quadruple entries of the form:
3640     //   (beg_bci, end_bci, handler_bci, klass_index)
3641 
3642     ExceptionTable ex_table(method());
3643     int ext_length = ex_table.length();
3644 
3645     for (int j = 0; j < ext_length; j ++) {
3646       int cur_index = ex_table.catch_type_index(j);
3647       u2 new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3648       if (new_index != 0) {
3649         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("ext-klass_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3650         ex_table.set_catch_type_index(j, new_index);
3651       }
3652     } // end for each exception table entry
3653 
3654     // Update constant pool indices in the method's local variable
3655     // table to use new constant indices as needed. The local variable
3656     // table hold sextuple entries of the form:
3657     // (start_pc, length, name_index, descriptor_index, signature_index, slot)
3658     int lvt_length = method->localvariable_table_length();
3659     if (lvt_length > 0) {
3660       LocalVariableTableElement * lv_table =
3661         method->localvariable_table_start();
3662       for (int j = 0; j < lvt_length; j++) {
3663         int cur_index = lv_table[j].name_cp_index;
3664         int new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3665         if (new_index != 0) {
3666           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("lvt-name_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3667           lv_table[j].name_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3668         }
3669         cur_index = lv_table[j].descriptor_cp_index;
3670         new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3671         if (new_index != 0) {
3672           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("lvt-descriptor_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3673           lv_table[j].descriptor_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3674         }
3675         cur_index = lv_table[j].signature_cp_index;
3676         new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3677         if (new_index != 0) {
3678           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("lvt-signature_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3679           lv_table[j].signature_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3680         }
3681       } // end for each local variable table entry
3682     } // end if there are local variable table entries
3683 
3684     // Update constant pool indices in the method's method_parameters.
3685     int mp_length = method->method_parameters_length();
3686     if (mp_length > 0) {
3687       MethodParametersElement* elem = method->method_parameters_start();
3688       for (int j = 0; j < mp_length; j++) {
3689         const int cp_index = elem[j].name_cp_index;
3690         const int new_cp_index = find_new_index(cp_index);
3691         if (new_cp_index != 0) {
3692           elem[j].name_cp_index = (u2)new_cp_index;
3693         }
3694       }
3695     }
3696 
3697     rewrite_cp_refs_in_stack_map_table(method);
3698   } // end for each method
3699 } // end set_new_constant_pool()
3700 
3701 
3702 // Unevolving classes may point to methods of the_class directly
3703 // from their constant pool caches, itables, and/or vtables. We
3704 // use the ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do() facility and this helper
3705 // to fix up these pointers.  MethodData also points to old methods and
3706 // must be cleaned.
3707 
3708 // Adjust cpools and vtables closure
3709 void VM_RedefineClasses::AdjustAndCleanMetadata::do_klass(Klass* k) {
3710 
3711   // This is a very busy routine. We don't want too much tracing
3712   // printed out.
3713   bool trace_name_printed = false;
3714 
3715   // If the class being redefined is java.lang.Object, we need to fix all
3716   // array class vtables also. The _has_redefined_Object flag is global.
3717   // Once the java.lang.Object has been redefined (by the current or one
3718   // of the previous VM_RedefineClasses operations) we have to always
3719   // adjust method entries for array classes.
3720   if (k->is_array_klass() && _has_redefined_Object) {
3721     k->vtable().adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3722 
3723   } else if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
3724     HandleMark hm(_thread);
3725     InstanceKlass *ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
3726 
3727     // Clean MethodData of this class's methods so they don't refer to
3728     // old methods that are no longer running.
3729     Array<Method*>* methods = ik->methods();
3730     int num_methods = methods->length();
3731     for (int index = 0; index < num_methods; ++index) {
3732       if (methods->at(index)->method_data() != nullptr) {
3733         methods->at(index)->method_data()->clean_weak_method_links();
3734       }
3735     }
3736 
3737     // Adjust all vtables, default methods and itables, to clean out old methods.
3738     ResourceMark rm(_thread);
3739     if (ik->vtable_length() > 0) {
3740       ik->vtable().adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3741       ik->adjust_default_methods(&trace_name_printed);
3742     }
3743 
3744     if (ik->itable_length() > 0) {
3745       ik->itable().adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3746     }
3747 
3748     // The constant pools in other classes (other_cp) can refer to
3749     // old methods.  We have to update method information in
3750     // other_cp's cache. If other_cp has a previous version, then we
3751     // have to repeat the process for each previous version. The
3752     // constant pool cache holds the Method*s for non-virtual
3753     // methods and for virtual, final methods.
3754     //
3755     // Special case: if the current class is being redefined by the current
3756     // VM_RedefineClasses operation, then new_cp has already been attached
3757     // to the_class and old_cp has already been added as a previous version.
3758     // The new_cp doesn't have any cached references to old methods so it
3759     // doesn't need to be updated and we could optimize by skipping it.
3760     // However, the current class can be marked as being redefined by another
3761     // VM_RedefineClasses operation which has already executed its doit_prologue
3762     // and needs cpcache method entries adjusted. For simplicity, the cpcache
3763     // update is done unconditionally. It should result in doing nothing for
3764     // classes being redefined by the current VM_RedefineClasses operation.
3765     // Method entries in the previous version(s) are adjusted as well.
3766     ConstantPoolCache* cp_cache;
3767 
3768     // this klass' constant pool cache may need adjustment
3769     ConstantPool* other_cp = ik->constants();
3770     cp_cache = other_cp->cache();
3771     if (cp_cache != nullptr) {
3772       cp_cache->adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3773     }
3774 
3775     // the previous versions' constant pool caches may need adjustment
3776     for (InstanceKlass* pv_node = ik->previous_versions();
3777          pv_node != nullptr;
3778          pv_node = pv_node->previous_versions()) {
3779       cp_cache = pv_node->constants()->cache();
3780       if (cp_cache != nullptr) {
3781         cp_cache->adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3782       }
3783     }
3784   }
3785 }
3786 
3787 void VM_RedefineClasses::update_jmethod_ids() {
3788   for (int j = 0; j < _matching_methods_length; ++j) {
3789     Method* old_method = _matching_old_methods[j];
3790     // The method_idnum should be within the range of 1..number-of-methods
3791     // until incremented later for obsolete methods.
3792     // The increment is so if a jmethodID is created for an old obsolete method
3793     // it gets a new jmethodID cache slot in the InstanceKlass.
3794     // They're cleaned out later when all methods of the previous version are purged.
3795     assert(old_method->method_idnum() <= _old_methods->length(),
3796            "shouldn't be incremented yet for obsolete methods");
3797     jmethodID jmid = old_method->find_jmethod_id_or_null();
3798     if (jmid != nullptr) {
3799       // There is a jmethodID, change it to point to the new method
3800       Method* new_method = _matching_new_methods[j];
3801       Method::change_method_associated_with_jmethod_id(jmid, new_method);
3802       assert(Method::resolve_jmethod_id(jmid) == _matching_new_methods[j],
3803              "should be replaced");
3804     }
3805   }
3806 }
3807 
3808 int VM_RedefineClasses::check_methods_and_mark_as_obsolete() {
3809   int emcp_method_count = 0;
3810   int obsolete_count = 0;
3811   int old_index = 0;
3812   for (int j = 0; j < _matching_methods_length; ++j, ++old_index) {
3813     Method* old_method = _matching_old_methods[j];
3814     Method* new_method = _matching_new_methods[j];
3815     Method* old_array_method;
3816 
3817     // Maintain an old_index into the _old_methods array by skipping
3818     // deleted methods
3819     while ((old_array_method = _old_methods->at(old_index)) != old_method) {
3820       ++old_index;
3821     }
3822 
3823     if (MethodComparator::methods_EMCP(old_method, new_method)) {
3824       // The EMCP definition from JSR-163 requires the bytecodes to be
3825       // the same with the exception of constant pool indices which may
3826       // differ. However, the constants referred to by those indices
3827       // must be the same.
3828       //
3829       // We use methods_EMCP() for comparison since constant pool
3830       // merging can remove duplicate constant pool entries that were
3831       // present in the old method and removed from the rewritten new
3832       // method. A faster binary comparison function would consider the
3833       // old and new methods to be different when they are actually
3834       // EMCP.
3835       //
3836       // The old and new methods are EMCP and you would think that we
3837       // could get rid of one of them here and now and save some space.
3838       // However, the concept of EMCP only considers the bytecodes and
3839       // the constant pool entries in the comparison. Other things,
3840       // e.g., the line number table (LNT) or the local variable table
3841       // (LVT) don't count in the comparison. So the new (and EMCP)
3842       // method can have a new LNT that we need so we can't just
3843       // overwrite the new method with the old method.
3844       //
3845       // When this routine is called, we have already attached the new
3846       // methods to the_class so the old methods are effectively
3847       // overwritten. However, if an old method is still executing,
3848       // then the old method cannot be collected until sometime after
3849       // the old method call has returned. So the overwriting of old
3850       // methods by new methods will save us space except for those
3851       // (hopefully few) old methods that are still executing.
3852       //
3853       // A method refers to a ConstMethod* and this presents another
3854       // possible avenue to space savings. The ConstMethod* in the
3855       // new method contains possibly new attributes (LNT, LVT, etc).
3856       // At first glance, it seems possible to save space by replacing
3857       // the ConstMethod* in the old method with the ConstMethod*
3858       // from the new method. The old and new methods would share the
3859       // same ConstMethod* and we would save the space occupied by
3860       // the old ConstMethod*. However, the ConstMethod* contains
3861       // a back reference to the containing method. Sharing the
3862       // ConstMethod* between two methods could lead to confusion in
3863       // the code that uses the back reference. This would lead to
3864       // brittle code that could be broken in non-obvious ways now or
3865       // in the future.
3866       //
3867       // Another possibility is to copy the ConstMethod* from the new
3868       // method to the old method and then overwrite the new method with
3869       // the old method. Since the ConstMethod* contains the bytecodes
3870       // for the method embedded in the oop, this option would change
3871       // the bytecodes out from under any threads executing the old
3872       // method and make the thread's bcp invalid. Since EMCP requires
3873       // that the bytecodes be the same modulo constant pool indices, it
3874       // is straight forward to compute the correct new bcp in the new
3875       // ConstMethod* from the old bcp in the old ConstMethod*. The
3876       // time consuming part would be searching all the frames in all
3877       // of the threads to find all of the calls to the old method.
3878       //
3879       // It looks like we will have to live with the limited savings
3880       // that we get from effectively overwriting the old methods
3881       // when the new methods are attached to the_class.
3882 
3883       // Count number of methods that are EMCP.  The method will be marked
3884       // old but not obsolete if it is EMCP.
3885       emcp_method_count++;
3886 
3887       // An EMCP method is _not_ obsolete. An obsolete method has a
3888       // different jmethodID than the current method. An EMCP method
3889       // has the same jmethodID as the current method. Having the
3890       // same jmethodID for all EMCP versions of a method allows for
3891       // a consistent view of the EMCP methods regardless of which
3892       // EMCP method you happen to have in hand. For example, a
3893       // breakpoint set in one EMCP method will work for all EMCP
3894       // versions of the method including the current one.
3895     } else {
3896       // mark obsolete methods as such
3897       old_method->set_is_obsolete();
3898       obsolete_count++;
3899 
3900       // obsolete methods need a unique idnum so they become new entries in
3901       // the jmethodID cache in InstanceKlass
3902       assert(old_method->method_idnum() == new_method->method_idnum(), "must match");
3903       u2 num = InstanceKlass::cast(_the_class)->next_method_idnum();
3904       if (num != ConstMethod::UNSET_IDNUM) {
3905         old_method->set_method_idnum(num);
3906       }
3907 
3908       // With tracing we try not to "yack" too much. The position of
3909       // this trace assumes there are fewer obsolete methods than
3910       // EMCP methods.
3911       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, mark)) {
3912         ResourceMark rm;
3913         log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, mark)
3914           ("mark %s(%s) as obsolete", old_method->name()->as_C_string(), old_method->signature()->as_C_string());
3915       }
3916     }
3917     old_method->set_is_old();
3918   }
3919   for (int i = 0; i < _deleted_methods_length; ++i) {
3920     Method* old_method = _deleted_methods[i];
3921 
3922     assert(!old_method->has_vtable_index(),
3923            "cannot delete methods with vtable entries");;
3924 
3925     // Mark all deleted methods as old, obsolete and deleted
3926     old_method->set_is_deleted();
3927     old_method->set_is_old();
3928     old_method->set_is_obsolete();
3929     ++obsolete_count;
3930     // With tracing we try not to "yack" too much. The position of
3931     // this trace assumes there are fewer obsolete methods than
3932     // EMCP methods.
3933     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, mark)) {
3934       ResourceMark rm;
3935       log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, mark)
3936         ("mark deleted %s(%s) as obsolete", old_method->name()->as_C_string(), old_method->signature()->as_C_string());
3937     }
3938   }
3939   assert((emcp_method_count + obsolete_count) == _old_methods->length(),
3940     "sanity check");
3941   log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, mark)("EMCP_cnt=%d, obsolete_cnt=%d", emcp_method_count, obsolete_count);
3942   return emcp_method_count;
3943 }
3944 
3945 // This internal class transfers the native function registration from old methods
3946 // to new methods.  It is designed to handle both the simple case of unchanged
3947 // native methods and the complex cases of native method prefixes being added and/or
3948 // removed.
3949 // It expects only to be used during the VM_RedefineClasses op (a safepoint).
3950 //
3951 // This class is used after the new methods have been installed in "the_class".
3952 //
3953 // So, for example, the following must be handled.  Where 'm' is a method and
3954 // a number followed by an underscore is a prefix.
3955 //
3956 //                                      Old Name    New Name
3957 // Simple transfer to new method        m       ->  m
3958 // Add prefix                           m       ->  1_m
3959 // Remove prefix                        1_m     ->  m
3960 // Simultaneous add of prefixes         m       ->  3_2_1_m
3961 // Simultaneous removal of prefixes     3_2_1_m ->  m
3962 // Simultaneous add and remove          1_m     ->  2_m
3963 // Same, caused by prefix removal only  3_2_1_m ->  3_2_m
3964 //
3965 class TransferNativeFunctionRegistration {
3966  private:
3967   InstanceKlass* the_class;
3968   int prefix_count;
3969   char** prefixes;
3970 
3971   // Recursively search the binary tree of possibly prefixed method names.
3972   // Iteration could be used if all agents were well behaved. Full tree walk is
3973   // more resilent to agents not cleaning up intermediate methods.
3974   // Branch at each depth in the binary tree is:
3975   //    (1) without the prefix.
3976   //    (2) with the prefix.
3977   // where 'prefix' is the prefix at that 'depth' (first prefix, second prefix,...)
3978   Method* search_prefix_name_space(int depth, char* name_str, size_t name_len,
3979                                      Symbol* signature) {
3980     TempNewSymbol name_symbol = SymbolTable::probe(name_str, (int)name_len);
3981     if (name_symbol != nullptr) {
3982       Method* method = the_class->lookup_method(name_symbol, signature);
3983       if (method != nullptr) {
3984         // Even if prefixed, intermediate methods must exist.
3985         if (method->is_native()) {
3986           // Wahoo, we found a (possibly prefixed) version of the method, return it.
3987           return method;
3988         }
3989         if (depth < prefix_count) {
3990           // Try applying further prefixes (other than this one).
3991           method = search_prefix_name_space(depth+1, name_str, name_len, signature);
3992           if (method != nullptr) {
3993             return method; // found
3994           }
3995 
3996           // Try adding this prefix to the method name and see if it matches
3997           // another method name.
3998           char* prefix = prefixes[depth];
3999           size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
4000           size_t trial_len = name_len + prefix_len;
4001           char* trial_name_str = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, trial_len + 1);
4002           strcpy(trial_name_str, prefix);
4003           strcat(trial_name_str, name_str);
4004           method = search_prefix_name_space(depth+1, trial_name_str, trial_len,
4005                                             signature);
4006           if (method != nullptr) {
4007             // If found along this branch, it was prefixed, mark as such
4008             method->set_is_prefixed_native();
4009             return method; // found
4010           }
4011         }
4012       }
4013     }
4014     return nullptr;  // This whole branch bore nothing
4015   }
4016 
4017   // Return the method name with old prefixes stripped away.
4018   char* method_name_without_prefixes(Method* method) {
4019     Symbol* name = method->name();
4020     char* name_str = name->as_utf8();
4021 
4022     // Old prefixing may be defunct, strip prefixes, if any.
4023     for (int i = prefix_count-1; i >= 0; i--) {
4024       char* prefix = prefixes[i];
4025       size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
4026       if (strncmp(prefix, name_str, prefix_len) == 0) {
4027         name_str += prefix_len;
4028       }
4029     }
4030     return name_str;
4031   }
4032 
4033   // Strip any prefixes off the old native method, then try to find a
4034   // (possibly prefixed) new native that matches it.
4035   Method* strip_and_search_for_new_native(Method* method) {
4036     ResourceMark rm;
4037     char* name_str = method_name_without_prefixes(method);
4038     return search_prefix_name_space(0, name_str, strlen(name_str),
4039                                     method->signature());
4040   }
4041 
4042  public:
4043 
4044   // Construct a native method transfer processor for this class.
4045   TransferNativeFunctionRegistration(InstanceKlass* _the_class) {
4046     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "sanity check");
4047 
4048     the_class = _the_class;
4049     prefixes = JvmtiExport::get_all_native_method_prefixes(&prefix_count);
4050   }
4051 
4052   // Attempt to transfer any of the old or deleted methods that are native
4053   void transfer_registrations(Method** old_methods, int methods_length) {
4054     for (int j = 0; j < methods_length; j++) {
4055       Method* old_method = old_methods[j];
4056 
4057       if (old_method->is_native() && old_method->has_native_function()) {
4058         Method* new_method = strip_and_search_for_new_native(old_method);
4059         if (new_method != nullptr) {
4060           // Actually set the native function in the new method.
4061           // Redefine does not send events (except CFLH), certainly not this
4062           // behind the scenes re-registration.
4063           new_method->set_native_function(old_method->native_function(),
4064                               !Method::native_bind_event_is_interesting);
4065         }
4066       }
4067     }
4068   }
4069 };
4070 
4071 // Don't lose the association between a native method and its JNI function.
4072 void VM_RedefineClasses::transfer_old_native_function_registrations(InstanceKlass* the_class) {
4073   TransferNativeFunctionRegistration transfer(the_class);
4074   transfer.transfer_registrations(_deleted_methods, _deleted_methods_length);
4075   transfer.transfer_registrations(_matching_old_methods, _matching_methods_length);
4076 }
4077 
4078 // Deoptimize all compiled code that depends on the classes redefined.
4079 //
4080 // If the can_redefine_classes capability is obtained in the onload
4081 // phase or 'AlwaysRecordEvolDependencies' is true, then the compiler has
4082 // recorded all dependencies from startup. In that case we need only
4083 // deoptimize and throw away all compiled code that depends on the class.
4084 //
4085 // If can_redefine_classes is obtained sometime after the onload phase
4086 // (and 'AlwaysRecordEvolDependencies' is false) then the dependency
4087 // information may be incomplete. In that case the first call to
4088 // RedefineClasses causes all compiled code to be thrown away. As
4089 // can_redefine_classes has been obtained then all future compilations will
4090 // record dependencies so second and subsequent calls to RedefineClasses
4091 // need only throw away code that depends on the class.
4092 //
4093 
4094 void VM_RedefineClasses::flush_dependent_code() {
4095   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "sanity check");
4096   assert(JvmtiExport::all_dependencies_are_recorded() || !AlwaysRecordEvolDependencies, "sanity check");
4097 
4098   DeoptimizationScope deopt_scope;
4099 
4100   // This is the first redefinition, mark all the nmethods for deoptimization
4101   if (!JvmtiExport::all_dependencies_are_recorded()) {
4102     CodeCache::mark_all_nmethods_for_evol_deoptimization(&deopt_scope);
4103     log_debug(redefine, class, nmethod)("Marked all nmethods for deopt");
4104   } else {
4105     CodeCache::mark_dependents_for_evol_deoptimization(&deopt_scope);
4106     log_debug(redefine, class, nmethod)("Marked dependent nmethods for deopt");
4107   }
4108 
4109   deopt_scope.deoptimize_marked();
4110 
4111   // From now on we know that the dependency information is complete
4112   JvmtiExport::set_all_dependencies_are_recorded(true);
4113 }
4114 
4115 void VM_RedefineClasses::compute_added_deleted_matching_methods() {
4116   Method* old_method;
4117   Method* new_method;
4118 
4119   _matching_old_methods = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _old_methods->length());
4120   _matching_new_methods = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _old_methods->length());
4121   _added_methods        = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _new_methods->length());
4122   _deleted_methods      = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _old_methods->length());
4123 
4124   _matching_methods_length = 0;
4125   _deleted_methods_length  = 0;
4126   _added_methods_length    = 0;
4127 
4128   int nj = 0;
4129   int oj = 0;
4130   while (true) {
4131     if (oj >= _old_methods->length()) {
4132       if (nj >= _new_methods->length()) {
4133         break; // we've looked at everything, done
4134       }
4135       // New method at the end
4136       new_method = _new_methods->at(nj);
4137       _added_methods[_added_methods_length++] = new_method;
4138       ++nj;
4139     } else if (nj >= _new_methods->length()) {
4140       // Old method, at the end, is deleted
4141       old_method = _old_methods->at(oj);
4142       _deleted_methods[_deleted_methods_length++] = old_method;
4143       ++oj;
4144     } else {
4145       old_method = _old_methods->at(oj);
4146       new_method = _new_methods->at(nj);
4147       if (old_method->name() == new_method->name()) {
4148         if (old_method->signature() == new_method->signature()) {
4149           _matching_old_methods[_matching_methods_length  ] = old_method;
4150           _matching_new_methods[_matching_methods_length++] = new_method;
4151           ++nj;
4152           ++oj;
4153         } else {
4154           // added overloaded have already been moved to the end,
4155           // so this is a deleted overloaded method
4156           _deleted_methods[_deleted_methods_length++] = old_method;
4157           ++oj;
4158         }
4159       } else { // names don't match
4160         if (old_method->name()->fast_compare(new_method->name()) > 0) {
4161           // new method
4162           _added_methods[_added_methods_length++] = new_method;
4163           ++nj;
4164         } else {
4165           // deleted method
4166           _deleted_methods[_deleted_methods_length++] = old_method;
4167           ++oj;
4168         }
4169       }
4170     }
4171   }
4172   assert(_matching_methods_length + _deleted_methods_length == _old_methods->length(), "sanity");
4173   assert(_matching_methods_length + _added_methods_length == _new_methods->length(), "sanity");
4174 }
4175 
4176 
4177 void VM_RedefineClasses::swap_annotations(InstanceKlass* the_class,
4178                                           InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
4179   // Swap annotation fields values
4180   Annotations* old_annotations = the_class->annotations();
4181   the_class->set_annotations(scratch_class->annotations());
4182   scratch_class->set_annotations(old_annotations);
4183 }
4184 
4185 
4186 // Install the redefinition of a class:
4187 //    - house keeping (flushing breakpoints and caches, deoptimizing
4188 //      dependent compiled code)
4189 //    - replacing parts in the_class with parts from scratch_class
4190 //    - adding a weak reference to track the obsolete but interesting
4191 //      parts of the_class
4192 //    - adjusting constant pool caches and vtables in other classes
4193 //      that refer to methods in the_class. These adjustments use the
4194 //      ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do() facility which only allows
4195 //      a helper method to be specified. The interesting parameters
4196 //      that we would like to pass to the helper method are saved in
4197 //      static global fields in the VM operation.
4198 void VM_RedefineClasses::redefine_single_class(Thread* current, jclass the_jclass,
4199                                                InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
4200 
4201   HandleMark hm(current);   // make sure handles from this call are freed
4202 
4203   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
4204     _timer_rsc_phase1.start();
4205   }
4206 
4207   InstanceKlass* the_class = get_ik(the_jclass);
4208 
4209   // Set a flag to control and optimize adjusting method entries
4210   _has_redefined_Object |= the_class == vmClasses::Object_klass();
4211 
4212   // Remove all breakpoints in methods of this class
4213   JvmtiBreakpoints& jvmti_breakpoints = JvmtiCurrentBreakpoints::get_jvmti_breakpoints();
4214   jvmti_breakpoints.clearall_in_class_at_safepoint(the_class);
4215 
4216   _old_methods = the_class->methods();
4217   _new_methods = scratch_class->methods();
4218   _the_class = the_class;
4219   compute_added_deleted_matching_methods();
4220   update_jmethod_ids();
4221 
4222   _any_class_has_resolved_methods = the_class->has_resolved_methods() || _any_class_has_resolved_methods;
4223 
4224   // Attach new constant pool to the original klass. The original
4225   // klass still refers to the old constant pool (for now).
4226   scratch_class->constants()->set_pool_holder(the_class);
4227 
4228 #if 0
4229   // In theory, with constant pool merging in place we should be able
4230   // to save space by using the new, merged constant pool in place of
4231   // the old constant pool(s). By "pool(s)" I mean the constant pool in
4232   // the klass version we are replacing now and any constant pool(s) in
4233   // previous versions of klass. Nice theory, doesn't work in practice.
4234   // When this code is enabled, even simple programs throw NullPointer
4235   // exceptions. I'm guessing that this is caused by some constant pool
4236   // cache difference between the new, merged constant pool and the
4237   // constant pool that was just being used by the klass. I'm keeping
4238   // this code around to archive the idea, but the code has to remain
4239   // disabled for now.
4240 
4241   // Attach each old method to the new constant pool. This can be
4242   // done here since we are past the bytecode verification and
4243   // constant pool optimization phases.
4244   for (int i = _old_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
4245     Method* method = _old_methods->at(i);
4246     method->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4247   }
4248 
4249   // NOTE: this doesn't work because you can redefine the same class in two
4250   // threads, each getting their own constant pool data appended to the
4251   // original constant pool.  In order for the new methods to work when they
4252   // become old methods, they need to keep their updated copy of the constant pool.
4253 
4254   {
4255     // walk all previous versions of the klass
4256     InstanceKlass *ik = the_class;
4257     PreviousVersionWalker pvw(ik);
4258     do {
4259       ik = pvw.next_previous_version();
4260       if (ik != nullptr) {
4261 
4262         // attach previous version of klass to the new constant pool
4263         ik->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4264 
4265         // Attach each method in the previous version of klass to the
4266         // new constant pool
4267         Array<Method*>* prev_methods = ik->methods();
4268         for (int i = prev_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
4269           Method* method = prev_methods->at(i);
4270           method->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4271         }
4272       }
4273     } while (ik != nullptr);
4274   }
4275 #endif
4276 
4277   // Replace methods and constantpool
4278   the_class->set_methods(_new_methods);
4279   scratch_class->set_methods(_old_methods);     // To prevent potential GCing of the old methods,
4280                                           // and to be able to undo operation easily.
4281 
4282   Array<int>* old_ordering = the_class->method_ordering();
4283   the_class->set_method_ordering(scratch_class->method_ordering());
4284   scratch_class->set_method_ordering(old_ordering);
4285 
4286   ConstantPool* old_constants = the_class->constants();
4287   the_class->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4288   scratch_class->set_constants(old_constants);  // See the previous comment.
4289 #if 0
4290   // We are swapping the guts of "the new class" with the guts of "the
4291   // class". Since the old constant pool has just been attached to "the
4292   // new class", it seems logical to set the pool holder in the old
4293   // constant pool also. However, doing this will change the observable
4294   // class hierarchy for any old methods that are still executing. A
4295   // method can query the identity of its "holder" and this query uses
4296   // the method's constant pool link to find the holder. The change in
4297   // holding class from "the class" to "the new class" can confuse
4298   // things.
4299   //
4300   // Setting the old constant pool's holder will also cause
4301   // verification done during vtable initialization below to fail.
4302   // During vtable initialization, the vtable's class is verified to be
4303   // a subtype of the method's holder. The vtable's class is "the
4304   // class" and the method's holder is gotten from the constant pool
4305   // link in the method itself. For "the class"'s directly implemented
4306   // methods, the method holder is "the class" itself (as gotten from
4307   // the new constant pool). The check works fine in this case. The
4308   // check also works fine for methods inherited from super classes.
4309   //
4310   // Miranda methods are a little more complicated. A miranda method is
4311   // provided by an interface when the class implementing the interface
4312   // does not provide its own method.  These interfaces are implemented
4313   // internally as an InstanceKlass. These special instanceKlasses
4314   // share the constant pool of the class that "implements" the
4315   // interface. By sharing the constant pool, the method holder of a
4316   // miranda method is the class that "implements" the interface. In a
4317   // non-redefine situation, the subtype check works fine. However, if
4318   // the old constant pool's pool holder is modified, then the check
4319   // fails because there is no class hierarchy relationship between the
4320   // vtable's class and "the new class".
4321 
4322   old_constants->set_pool_holder(scratch_class());
4323 #endif
4324 
4325   // track number of methods that are EMCP for add_previous_version() call below
4326   int emcp_method_count = check_methods_and_mark_as_obsolete();
4327   transfer_old_native_function_registrations(the_class);
4328 
4329   if (scratch_class->get_cached_class_file() != the_class->get_cached_class_file()) {
4330     // 1. the_class doesn't have a cache yet, scratch_class does have a cache.
4331     // 2. The same class can be present twice in the scratch classes list or there
4332     // are multiple concurrent RetransformClasses calls on different threads.
4333     // the_class and scratch_class have the same cached bytes, but different buffers.
4334     // In such cases we need to deallocate one of the buffers.
4335     // 3. RedefineClasses and the_class has cached bytes from a previous transformation.
4336     // In the case we need to use class bytes from scratch_class.
4337     if (the_class->get_cached_class_file() != nullptr) {
4338       os::free(the_class->get_cached_class_file());
4339     }
4340     the_class->set_cached_class_file(scratch_class->get_cached_class_file());
4341   }
4342 
4343   // null out in scratch class to not delete twice.  The class to be redefined
4344   // always owns these bytes.
4345   scratch_class->set_cached_class_file(nullptr);
4346 
4347   // Replace inner_classes
4348   Array<u2>* old_inner_classes = the_class->inner_classes();
4349   the_class->set_inner_classes(scratch_class->inner_classes());
4350   scratch_class->set_inner_classes(old_inner_classes);
4351 
4352   // Initialize the vtable and interface table after
4353   // methods have been rewritten
4354   // no exception should happen here since we explicitly
4355   // do not check loader constraints.
4356   // compare_and_normalize_class_versions has already checked:
4357   //  - classloaders unchanged, signatures unchanged
4358   //  - all instanceKlasses for redefined classes reused & contents updated
4359   the_class->vtable().initialize_vtable();
4360   the_class->itable().initialize_itable();
4361 
4362   // Update jmethodID cache if present.
4363   the_class->update_methods_jmethod_cache();
4364 
4365   // Copy the "source debug extension" attribute from new class version
4366   the_class->set_source_debug_extension(
4367     scratch_class->source_debug_extension(),
4368     scratch_class->source_debug_extension() == nullptr ? 0 :
4369     (int)strlen(scratch_class->source_debug_extension()));
4370 
4371   // Use of javac -g could be different in the old and the new
4372   if (scratch_class->has_localvariable_table() !=
4373       the_class->has_localvariable_table()) {
4374     the_class->set_has_localvariable_table(scratch_class->has_localvariable_table());
4375   }
4376 
4377   swap_annotations(the_class, scratch_class);
4378 
4379   // Replace minor version number of class file
4380   u2 old_minor_version = the_class->constants()->minor_version();
4381   the_class->constants()->set_minor_version(scratch_class->constants()->minor_version());
4382   scratch_class->constants()->set_minor_version(old_minor_version);
4383 
4384   // Replace major version number of class file
4385   u2 old_major_version = the_class->constants()->major_version();
4386   the_class->constants()->set_major_version(scratch_class->constants()->major_version());
4387   scratch_class->constants()->set_major_version(old_major_version);
4388 
4389   // Replace CP indexes for class and name+type of enclosing method
4390   u2 old_class_idx  = the_class->enclosing_method_class_index();
4391   u2 old_method_idx = the_class->enclosing_method_method_index();
4392   the_class->set_enclosing_method_indices(
4393     scratch_class->enclosing_method_class_index(),
4394     scratch_class->enclosing_method_method_index());
4395   scratch_class->set_enclosing_method_indices(old_class_idx, old_method_idx);
4396 
4397   if (!the_class->has_been_redefined()) {
4398     the_class->set_has_been_redefined();
4399   }
4400 
4401   // Scratch class is unloaded but still needs cleaning, and skipping for CDS.
4402   scratch_class->set_is_scratch_class();
4403 
4404   // keep track of previous versions of this class
4405   the_class->add_previous_version(scratch_class, emcp_method_count);
4406 
4407   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_klass_redefinition(the_class, scratch_class);)
4408 
4409   _timer_rsc_phase1.stop();
4410   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
4411     _timer_rsc_phase2.start();
4412   }
4413 
4414   if (the_class->oop_map_cache() != nullptr) {
4415     // Flush references to any obsolete methods from the oop map cache
4416     // so that obsolete methods are not pinned.
4417     the_class->oop_map_cache()->flush_obsolete_entries();
4418   }
4419 
4420   increment_class_counter(the_class);
4421 
4422   if (EventClassRedefinition::is_enabled()) {
4423     EventClassRedefinition event;
4424     event.set_classModificationCount(java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(the_class->java_mirror()));
4425     event.set_redefinedClass(the_class);
4426     event.set_redefinitionId(_id);
4427     event.commit();
4428   }
4429 
4430   {
4431     ResourceMark rm(current);
4432     // increment the classRedefinedCount field in the_class and in any
4433     // direct and indirect subclasses of the_class
4434     physical_memory_size_type avail_mem = 0;
4435     // Return value ignored - defaulting to 0 on failure.
4436     (void)os::available_memory(avail_mem);
4437     log_info(redefine, class, load)
4438       ("redefined name=%s, count=%d (avail_mem=" PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT "K)",
4439        the_class->external_name(), java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(the_class->java_mirror()), avail_mem >> 10);
4440     Events::log_redefinition(current, "redefined class name=%s, count=%d",
4441                              the_class->external_name(),
4442                              java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(the_class->java_mirror()));
4443 
4444   }
4445   _timer_rsc_phase2.stop();
4446 
4447 } // end redefine_single_class()
4448 
4449 
4450 // Increment the classRedefinedCount field in the specific InstanceKlass
4451 // and in all direct and indirect subclasses.
4452 void VM_RedefineClasses::increment_class_counter(InstanceKlass* ik) {
4453   for (ClassHierarchyIterator iter(ik); !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
4454     // Only update instanceKlasses
4455     Klass* sub = iter.klass();
4456     if (sub->is_instance_klass()) {
4457       oop class_mirror = InstanceKlass::cast(sub)->java_mirror();
4458       Klass* class_oop = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(class_mirror);
4459       int new_count = java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(class_mirror) + 1;
4460       java_lang_Class::set_classRedefinedCount(class_mirror, new_count);
4461 
4462       if (class_oop != _the_class) {
4463         // _the_class count is printed at end of redefine_single_class()
4464         log_debug(redefine, class, subclass)("updated count in subclass=%s to %d", ik->external_name(), new_count);
4465       }
4466     }
4467   }
4468 }
4469 
4470 void VM_RedefineClasses::CheckClass::do_klass(Klass* k) {
4471   bool no_old_methods = true;  // be optimistic
4472 
4473   // Both array and instance classes have vtables.
4474   // a vtable should never contain old or obsolete methods
4475   ResourceMark rm(_thread);
4476   if (k->vtable_length() > 0 &&
4477       !k->vtable().check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries()) {
4478     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4479       log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)
4480         ("klassVtable::check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries failure -- OLD or OBSOLETE method found -- class: %s",
4481          k->signature_name());
4482       k->vtable().dump_vtable();
4483     }
4484     no_old_methods = false;
4485   }
4486 
4487   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
4488     HandleMark hm(_thread);
4489     InstanceKlass *ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
4490 
4491     // an itable should never contain old or obsolete methods
4492     if (ik->itable_length() > 0 &&
4493         !ik->itable().check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries()) {
4494       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4495         log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)
4496           ("klassItable::check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries failure -- OLD or OBSOLETE method found -- class: %s",
4497            ik->signature_name());
4498         ik->itable().dump_itable();
4499       }
4500       no_old_methods = false;
4501     }
4502 
4503     // the constant pool cache should never contain non-deleted old or obsolete methods
4504     if (ik->constants() != nullptr &&
4505         ik->constants()->cache() != nullptr &&
4506         !ik->constants()->cache()->check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries()) {
4507       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4508         log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)
4509           ("cp-cache::check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries failure -- OLD or OBSOLETE method found -- class: %s",
4510            ik->signature_name());
4511         ik->constants()->cache()->dump_cache();
4512       }
4513       no_old_methods = false;
4514     }
4515   }
4516 
4517   // print and fail guarantee if old methods are found.
4518   if (!no_old_methods) {
4519     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4520       dump_methods();
4521     } else {
4522       log_trace(redefine, class)("Use the '-Xlog:redefine+class*:' option "
4523         "to see more info about the following guarantee() failure.");
4524     }
4525     guarantee(false, "OLD and/or OBSOLETE method(s) found");
4526   }
4527 }
4528 
4529 u8 VM_RedefineClasses::next_id() {
4530   while (true) {
4531     u8 id = _id_counter;
4532     u8 next_id = id + 1;
4533     u8 result = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(&_id_counter, id, next_id);
4534     if (result == id) {
4535       return next_id;
4536     }
4537   }
4538 }
4539 
4540 void VM_RedefineClasses::dump_methods() {
4541   int j;
4542   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_old_methods --");
4543   for (j = 0; j < _old_methods->length(); ++j) {
4544     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4545     Method* m = _old_methods->at(j);
4546     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4547     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4548     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4549     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4550     log_stream.cr();
4551   }
4552   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_new_methods --");
4553   for (j = 0; j < _new_methods->length(); ++j) {
4554     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4555     Method* m = _new_methods->at(j);
4556     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4557     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4558     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4559     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4560     log_stream.cr();
4561   }
4562   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_matching_methods --");
4563   for (j = 0; j < _matching_methods_length; ++j) {
4564     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4565     Method* m = _matching_old_methods[j];
4566     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4567     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4568     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4569     m->print_name();
4570     log_stream.cr();
4571 
4572     m = _matching_new_methods[j];
4573     log_stream.print("      (%5d)  ", m->vtable_index());
4574     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4575     log_stream.cr();
4576   }
4577   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_deleted_methods --");
4578   for (j = 0; j < _deleted_methods_length; ++j) {
4579     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4580     Method* m = _deleted_methods[j];
4581     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4582     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4583     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4584     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4585     log_stream.cr();
4586   }
4587   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_added_methods --");
4588   for (j = 0; j < _added_methods_length; ++j) {
4589     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4590     Method* m = _added_methods[j];
4591     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4592     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4593     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4594     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4595     log_stream.cr();
4596   }
4597 }
4598 
4599 void VM_RedefineClasses::print_on_error(outputStream* st) const {
4600   VM_Operation::print_on_error(st);
4601   if (_the_class != nullptr) {
4602     ResourceMark rm;
4603     st->print_cr(", redefining class %s", _the_class->external_name());
4604   }
4605 }