1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2003, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classFileStream.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderDataGraph.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/classLoadInfo.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/klassFactory.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/metadataOnStackMark.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/stackMapTable.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  39 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
  40 #include "interpreter/oopMapCache.hpp"
  41 #include "interpreter/rewriter.hpp"
  42 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/annotations.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/bsmAttribute.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/constantPool.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/klassVtable.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/method.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/recordComponent.hpp"
  56 #include "prims/jvmtiImpl.hpp"
  57 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClasses.hpp"
  58 #include "prims/jvmtiThreadState.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "prims/methodComparator.hpp"
  60 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/relocator.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  67 #include "utilities/bitMap.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  69 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  71 #if INCLUDE_JFR
  72 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
  73 #endif
  74 
  75 Array<Method*>* VM_RedefineClasses::_old_methods = nullptr;
  76 Array<Method*>* VM_RedefineClasses::_new_methods = nullptr;
  77 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_matching_old_methods = nullptr;
  78 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_matching_new_methods = nullptr;
  79 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_deleted_methods      = nullptr;
  80 Method**  VM_RedefineClasses::_added_methods        = nullptr;
  81 int       VM_RedefineClasses::_matching_methods_length = 0;
  82 int       VM_RedefineClasses::_deleted_methods_length  = 0;
  83 int       VM_RedefineClasses::_added_methods_length    = 0;
  84 
  85 // This flag is global as the constructor does not reset it:
  86 bool      VM_RedefineClasses::_has_redefined_Object = false;
  87 u8        VM_RedefineClasses::_id_counter = 0;
  88 
  89 VM_RedefineClasses::VM_RedefineClasses(jint class_count,
  90                                        const jvmtiClassDefinition *class_defs,
  91                                        JvmtiClassLoadKind class_load_kind) {
  92   _class_count = class_count;
  93   _class_defs = class_defs;
  94   _class_load_kind = class_load_kind;
  95   _any_class_has_resolved_methods = false;
  96   _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
  97   _the_class = nullptr;
  98   _id = next_id();
  99 }
 100 
 101 static inline InstanceKlass* get_ik(jclass def) {
 102   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(def);
 103   return java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror);
 104 }
 105 
 106 // If any of the classes are being redefined, wait
 107 // Parallel constant pool merging leads to indeterminate constant pools.
 108 void VM_RedefineClasses::lock_classes() {
 109   JvmtiThreadState *state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(JavaThread::current());
 110   GrowableArray<Klass*>* redef_classes = state->get_classes_being_redefined();
 111 
 112   MonitorLocker ml(RedefineClasses_lock);
 113 
 114   if (redef_classes == nullptr) {
 115     redef_classes = new (mtClass) GrowableArray<Klass*>(1, mtClass);
 116     state->set_classes_being_redefined(redef_classes);
 117   }
 118 
 119   bool has_redefined;
 120   do {
 121     has_redefined = false;
 122     // Go through classes each time until none are being redefined. Skip
 123     // the ones that are being redefined by this thread currently. Class file
 124     // load hook event may trigger new class redefine when we are redefining
 125     // a class (after lock_classes()).
 126     for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 127       InstanceKlass* ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 128       // Check if we are currently redefining the class in this thread already.
 129       if (redef_classes->contains(ik)) {
 130         assert(ik->is_being_redefined(), "sanity");
 131       } else {
 132         if (ik->is_being_redefined()) {
 133           ml.wait();
 134           has_redefined = true;
 135           break;  // for loop
 136         }
 137       }
 138     }
 139   } while (has_redefined);
 140 
 141   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 142     InstanceKlass* ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 143     redef_classes->push(ik); // Add to the _classes_being_redefined list
 144     ik->set_is_being_redefined(true);
 145   }
 146   ml.notify_all();
 147 }
 148 
 149 void VM_RedefineClasses::unlock_classes() {
 150   JvmtiThreadState *state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(JavaThread::current());
 151   GrowableArray<Klass*>* redef_classes = state->get_classes_being_redefined();
 152   assert(redef_classes != nullptr, "_classes_being_redefined is not allocated");
 153 
 154   MonitorLocker ml(RedefineClasses_lock);
 155 
 156   for (int i = _class_count - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
 157     InstanceKlass* def_ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 158     if (redef_classes->length() > 0) {
 159       // Remove the class from _classes_being_redefined list
 160       Klass* k = redef_classes->pop();
 161       assert(def_ik == k, "unlocking wrong class");
 162     }
 163     assert(def_ik->is_being_redefined(),
 164            "should be being redefined to get here");
 165 
 166     // Unlock after we finish all redefines for this class within
 167     // the thread. Same class can be pushed to the list multiple
 168     // times (not more than once by each recursive redefinition).
 169     if (!redef_classes->contains(def_ik)) {
 170       def_ik->set_is_being_redefined(false);
 171     }
 172   }
 173   ml.notify_all();
 174 }
 175 
 176 bool VM_RedefineClasses::doit_prologue() {
 177   if (_class_count == 0) {
 178     _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
 179     return false;
 180   }
 181   if (_class_defs == nullptr) {
 182     _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NULL_POINTER;
 183     return false;
 184   }
 185 
 186   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 187     if (_class_defs[i].klass == nullptr) {
 188       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS;
 189       return false;
 190     }
 191     if (_class_defs[i].class_byte_count == 0) {
 192       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS_FORMAT;
 193       return false;
 194     }
 195     if (_class_defs[i].class_bytes == nullptr) {
 196       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_NULL_POINTER;
 197       return false;
 198     }
 199 
 200     oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(_class_defs[i].klass);
 201     // classes for primitives, arrays, and hidden classes
 202     // cannot be redefined.
 203     if (!is_modifiable_class(mirror)) {
 204       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_UNMODIFIABLE_CLASS;
 205       return false;
 206     }
 207   }
 208 
 209   // Start timer after all the sanity checks; not quite accurate, but
 210   // better than adding a bunch of stop() calls.
 211   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
 212     _timer_vm_op_prologue.start();
 213   }
 214 
 215   lock_classes();
 216   // We first load new class versions in the prologue, because somewhere down the
 217   // call chain it is required that the current thread is a Java thread.
 218   _res = load_new_class_versions();
 219   if (_res != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
 220     // free any successfully created classes, since none are redefined
 221     for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 222       if (_scratch_classes[i] != nullptr) {
 223         ClassLoaderData* cld = _scratch_classes[i]->class_loader_data();
 224         // Free the memory for this class at class unloading time.  Not before
 225         // because CMS might think this is still live.
 226         InstanceKlass* ik = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
 227         if (ik->get_cached_class_file() == _scratch_classes[i]->get_cached_class_file()) {
 228           // Don't double-free cached_class_file copied from the original class if error.
 229           _scratch_classes[i]->set_cached_class_file(nullptr);
 230         }
 231         cld->add_to_deallocate_list(InstanceKlass::cast(_scratch_classes[i]));
 232       }
 233     }
 234     // Free os::malloc allocated memory in load_new_class_version.
 235     os::free(_scratch_classes);
 236     _timer_vm_op_prologue.stop();
 237     unlock_classes();
 238     return false;
 239   }
 240 
 241   _timer_vm_op_prologue.stop();
 242   return true;
 243 }
 244 
 245 void VM_RedefineClasses::doit() {
 246   Thread* current = Thread::current();
 247 
 248   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
 249     _timer_vm_op_doit.start();
 250   }
 251 
 252 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 253   if (CDSConfig::is_using_archive()) {
 254     // Sharing is enabled so we remap the shared readonly space to
 255     // shared readwrite, private just in case we need to redefine
 256     // a shared class. We do the remap during the doit() phase of
 257     // the safepoint to be safer.
 258     if (!AOTMetaspace::remap_shared_readonly_as_readwrite()) {
 259       log_info(redefine, class, load)("failed to remap shared readonly space to readwrite, private");
 260       _res = JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
 261       _timer_vm_op_doit.stop();
 262       return;
 263     }
 264   }
 265 #endif
 266 
 267   // Mark methods seen on stack and everywhere else so old methods are not
 268   // cleaned up if they're on the stack.
 269   MetadataOnStackMark md_on_stack(/*walk_all_metadata*/true, /*redefinition_walk*/true);
 270   HandleMark hm(current);   // make sure any handles created are deleted
 271                             // before the stack walk again.
 272 
 273   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
 274     redefine_single_class(current, _class_defs[i].klass, _scratch_classes[i]);
 275   }
 276 
 277   // Flush all compiled code that depends on the classes redefined.
 278   flush_dependent_code();
 279 
 280   // Adjust constantpool caches and vtables for all classes
 281   // that reference methods of the evolved classes.
 282   // Have to do this after all classes are redefined and all methods that
 283   // are redefined are marked as old.
 284   AdjustAndCleanMetadata adjust_and_clean_metadata(current);
 285   ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&adjust_and_clean_metadata);
 286 
 287   // JSR-292 support
 288   if (_any_class_has_resolved_methods) {
 289     bool trace_name_printed = false;
 290     ResolvedMethodTable::adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
 291   }
 292 
 293   // Increment flag indicating that some invariants are no longer true.
 294   // See jvmtiExport.hpp for detailed explanation.
 295   JvmtiExport::increment_redefinition_count();
 296 
 297   // check_class() is optionally called for product bits, but is
 298   // always called for non-product bits.
 299 #ifdef PRODUCT
 300   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
 301 #endif
 302     log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)("calling check_class");
 303     CheckClass check_class(current);
 304     ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do(&check_class);
 305 #ifdef PRODUCT
 306   }
 307 #endif
 308 
 309   // Clean up any metadata now unreferenced while MetadataOnStackMark is set.
 310   ClassLoaderDataGraph::clean_deallocate_lists(false);
 311 
 312   _timer_vm_op_doit.stop();
 313 }
 314 
 315 void VM_RedefineClasses::doit_epilogue() {
 316   unlock_classes();
 317 
 318   // Free os::malloc allocated memory.
 319   os::free(_scratch_classes);
 320 
 321   // Reset the_class to null for error printing.
 322   _the_class = nullptr;
 323 
 324   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
 325     // Used to have separate timers for "doit" and "all", but the timer
 326     // overhead skewed the measurements.
 327     julong doit_time = _timer_vm_op_doit.milliseconds();
 328     julong all_time = _timer_vm_op_prologue.milliseconds() + doit_time;
 329 
 330     log_info(redefine, class, timer)
 331       ("vm_op: all=" JULONG_FORMAT "  prologue=" JULONG_FORMAT "  doit=" JULONG_FORMAT,
 332        all_time, (julong)_timer_vm_op_prologue.milliseconds(), doit_time);
 333     log_info(redefine, class, timer)
 334       ("redefine_single_class: phase1=" JULONG_FORMAT "  phase2=" JULONG_FORMAT,
 335        (julong)_timer_rsc_phase1.milliseconds(), (julong)_timer_rsc_phase2.milliseconds());
 336   }
 337 }
 338 
 339 bool VM_RedefineClasses::is_modifiable_class(oop klass_mirror) {
 340   // classes for primitives cannot be redefined
 341   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(klass_mirror)) {
 342     return false;
 343   }
 344   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(klass_mirror);
 345   // classes for arrays cannot be redefined
 346   if (k == nullptr || !k->is_instance_klass()) {
 347     return false;
 348   }
 349 
 350   // Cannot redefine or retransform a hidden class.
 351   if (InstanceKlass::cast(k)->is_hidden()) {
 352     return false;
 353   }
 354   if (InstanceKlass::cast(k) == vmClasses::Continuation_klass()) {
 355     // Don't redefine Continuation class. See 8302779.
 356     return false;
 357   }
 358   return true;
 359 }
 360 
 361 // Append the current entry at scratch_i in scratch_cp to *merge_cp_p
 362 // where the end of *merge_cp_p is specified by *merge_cp_length_p. For
 363 // direct CP entries, there is just the current entry to append. For
 364 // indirect and double-indirect CP entries, there are zero or more
 365 // referenced CP entries along with the current entry to append.
 366 // Indirect and double-indirect CP entries are handled by recursive
 367 // calls to append_entry() as needed. The referenced CP entries are
 368 // always appended to *merge_cp_p before the referee CP entry. These
 369 // referenced CP entries may already exist in *merge_cp_p in which case
 370 // there is nothing extra to append and only the current entry is
 371 // appended.
 372 void VM_RedefineClasses::append_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
 373        int scratch_i, constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 374 
 375   // append is different depending on entry tag type
 376   switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
 377 
 378     // The old verifier is implemented outside the VM. It loads classes,
 379     // but does not resolve constant pool entries directly so we never
 380     // see Class entries here with the old verifier. Similarly the old
 381     // verifier does not like Class entries in the input constant pool.
 382     // The split-verifier is implemented in the VM so it can optionally
 383     // and directly resolve constant pool entries to load classes. The
 384     // split-verifier can accept either Class entries or UnresolvedClass
 385     // entries in the input constant pool. We revert the appended copy
 386     // back to UnresolvedClass so that either verifier will be happy
 387     // with the constant pool entry.
 388     //
 389     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 390     case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
 391     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
 392     {
 393       int name_i = scratch_cp->klass_name_index_at(scratch_i);
 394       int new_name_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, name_i, merge_cp_p,
 395                                                      merge_cp_length_p);
 396 
 397       if (new_name_i != name_i) {
 398         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 399           ("Class entry@%d name_index change: %d to %d",
 400            *merge_cp_length_p, name_i, new_name_i);
 401       }
 402 
 403       (*merge_cp_p)->temp_unresolved_klass_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_name_i);
 404       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 405         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 406         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 407         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 408       }
 409       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 410     } break;
 411 
 412     // these are direct CP entries so they can be directly appended,
 413     // but double and long take two constant pool entries
 414     case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:  // fall through
 415     case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
 416     {
 417       ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_p, *merge_cp_length_p);
 418 
 419       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 420         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 421         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 422         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 423       }
 424       (*merge_cp_length_p) += 2;
 425     } break;
 426 
 427     // these are direct CP entries so they can be directly appended
 428     case JVM_CONSTANT_Float:   // fall through
 429     case JVM_CONSTANT_Integer: // fall through
 430     case JVM_CONSTANT_Utf8:    // fall through
 431 
 432     // This was an indirect CP entry, but it has been changed into
 433     // Symbol*s so this entry can be directly appended.
 434     case JVM_CONSTANT_String:      // fall through
 435     {
 436       ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_p, *merge_cp_length_p);
 437 
 438       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 439         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 440         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 441         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 442       }
 443       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 444     } break;
 445 
 446     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 447     case JVM_CONSTANT_NameAndType:
 448     {
 449       int name_ref_i = scratch_cp->name_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 450       int new_name_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, name_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 451                                                          merge_cp_length_p);
 452 
 453       int signature_ref_i = scratch_cp->signature_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 454       int new_signature_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, signature_ref_i,
 455                                                               merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 456 
 457       // If the referenced entries already exist in *merge_cp_p, then
 458       // both new_name_ref_i and new_signature_ref_i will both be 0.
 459       // In that case, all we are appending is the current entry.
 460       if (new_name_ref_i != name_ref_i) {
 461         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 462           ("NameAndType entry@%d name_ref_index change: %d to %d",
 463            *merge_cp_length_p, name_ref_i, new_name_ref_i);
 464       }
 465       if (new_signature_ref_i != signature_ref_i) {
 466         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 467           ("NameAndType entry@%d signature_ref_index change: %d to %d",
 468            *merge_cp_length_p, signature_ref_i, new_signature_ref_i);
 469       }
 470 
 471       (*merge_cp_p)->name_and_type_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p,
 472         new_name_ref_i, new_signature_ref_i);
 473       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 474         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 475         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 476         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 477       }
 478       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 479     } break;
 480 
 481     // this is a double-indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 482     case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:           // fall through
 483     case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref: // fall through
 484     case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 485     {
 486       int klass_ref_i = scratch_cp->uncached_klass_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 487       int new_klass_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, klass_ref_i,
 488                                                           merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 489 
 490       int name_and_type_ref_i = scratch_cp->uncached_name_and_type_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 491       int new_name_and_type_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, name_and_type_ref_i,
 492                                                           merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 493 
 494       const char *entry_name = nullptr;
 495       switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
 496       case JVM_CONSTANT_Fieldref:
 497         entry_name = "Fieldref";
 498         (*merge_cp_p)->field_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_klass_ref_i,
 499           new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 500         break;
 501       case JVM_CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref:
 502         entry_name = "IFMethodref";
 503         (*merge_cp_p)->interface_method_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p,
 504           new_klass_ref_i, new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 505         break;
 506       case JVM_CONSTANT_Methodref:
 507         entry_name = "Methodref";
 508         (*merge_cp_p)->method_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_klass_ref_i,
 509           new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 510         break;
 511       default:
 512         guarantee(false, "bad switch");
 513         break;
 514       }
 515 
 516       if (klass_ref_i != new_klass_ref_i) {
 517         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 518           ("%s entry@%d class_index changed: %d to %d", entry_name, *merge_cp_length_p, klass_ref_i, new_klass_ref_i);
 519       }
 520       if (name_and_type_ref_i != new_name_and_type_ref_i) {
 521         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 522           ("%s entry@%d name_and_type_index changed: %d to %d",
 523            entry_name, *merge_cp_length_p, name_and_type_ref_i, new_name_and_type_ref_i);
 524       }
 525 
 526       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 527         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 528         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 529         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 530       }
 531       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 532     } break;
 533 
 534     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 535     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodType:
 536     {
 537       int ref_i = scratch_cp->method_type_index_at(scratch_i);
 538       int new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 539                                                     merge_cp_length_p);
 540       if (new_ref_i != ref_i) {
 541         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 542           ("MethodType entry@%d ref_index change: %d to %d", *merge_cp_length_p, ref_i, new_ref_i);
 543       }
 544       (*merge_cp_p)->method_type_index_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_ref_i);
 545       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 546         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 547         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 548         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 549       }
 550       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 551     } break;
 552 
 553     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 554     case JVM_CONSTANT_MethodHandle:
 555     {
 556       int ref_kind = scratch_cp->method_handle_ref_kind_at(scratch_i);
 557       int ref_i = scratch_cp->method_handle_index_at(scratch_i);
 558       int new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 559                                                     merge_cp_length_p);
 560       if (new_ref_i != ref_i) {
 561         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 562           ("MethodHandle entry@%d ref_index change: %d to %d", *merge_cp_length_p, ref_i, new_ref_i);
 563       }
 564       (*merge_cp_p)->method_handle_index_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, ref_kind, new_ref_i);
 565       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 566         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 567         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 568         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 569       }
 570       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 571     } break;
 572 
 573     // this is an indirect CP entry so it needs special handling
 574     case JVM_CONSTANT_Dynamic:  // fall through
 575     case JVM_CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic:
 576     {
 577       // Index of the bootstrap specifier in the BSM array
 578       int old_bs_i = scratch_cp->bootstrap_methods_attribute_index(scratch_i);
 579       int new_bs_i = find_or_append_bsm_entry(scratch_cp, old_bs_i, merge_cp_p,
 580                                             merge_cp_length_p);
 581       // The bootstrap method NameAndType_info index
 582       int old_ref_i = scratch_cp->bootstrap_name_and_type_ref_index_at(scratch_i);
 583       int new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, old_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 584                                                     merge_cp_length_p);
 585       if (new_bs_i != old_bs_i) {
 586         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 587           ("Dynamic entry@%d bootstrap_method_attr_index change: %d to %d",
 588            *merge_cp_length_p, old_bs_i, new_bs_i);
 589       }
 590       if (new_ref_i != old_ref_i) {
 591         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 592           ("Dynamic entry@%d name_and_type_index change: %d to %d", *merge_cp_length_p, old_ref_i, new_ref_i);
 593       }
 594 
 595       if (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).is_dynamic_constant()) {
 596         (*merge_cp_p)->dynamic_constant_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_bs_i, new_ref_i);
 597       } else {
 598         (*merge_cp_p)->invoke_dynamic_at_put(*merge_cp_length_p, new_bs_i, new_ref_i);
 599       }
 600       if (scratch_i != *merge_cp_length_p) {
 601         // The new entry in *merge_cp_p is at a different index than
 602         // the new entry in scratch_cp so we need to map the index values.
 603         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, *merge_cp_length_p);
 604       }
 605       (*merge_cp_length_p)++;
 606     } break;
 607 
 608     // At this stage, Class or UnresolvedClass could be in scratch_cp, but not
 609     // ClassIndex
 610     case JVM_CONSTANT_ClassIndex: // fall through
 611 
 612     // Invalid is used as the tag for the second constant pool entry
 613     // occupied by JVM_CONSTANT_Double or JVM_CONSTANT_Long. It should
 614     // not be seen by itself.
 615     case JVM_CONSTANT_Invalid: // fall through
 616 
 617     // At this stage, String could be here, but not StringIndex
 618     case JVM_CONSTANT_StringIndex: // fall through
 619 
 620     // At this stage JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError should not be here
 621     case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClassInError: // fall through
 622 
 623     default:
 624     {
 625       // leave a breadcrumb
 626       jbyte bad_value = scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value();
 627       ShouldNotReachHere();
 628     } break;
 629   } // end switch tag value
 630 } // end append_entry()
 631 
 632 
 633 u2 VM_RedefineClasses::find_or_append_indirect_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
 634       int ref_i, constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 635 
 636   int new_ref_i = ref_i;
 637   bool match = (ref_i < *merge_cp_length_p) &&
 638                scratch_cp->compare_entry_to(ref_i, *merge_cp_p, ref_i);
 639 
 640   if (!match) {
 641     // forward reference in *merge_cp_p or not a direct match
 642     int found_i = scratch_cp->find_matching_entry(ref_i, *merge_cp_p);
 643     if (found_i != 0) {
 644       guarantee(found_i != ref_i, "compare_entry_to() and find_matching_entry() do not agree");
 645       // Found a matching entry somewhere else in *merge_cp_p so just need a mapping entry.
 646       new_ref_i = found_i;
 647       map_index(scratch_cp, ref_i, found_i);
 648     } else {
 649       // no match found so we have to append this entry to *merge_cp_p
 650       append_entry(scratch_cp, ref_i, merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 651       // The above call to append_entry() can only append one entry
 652       // so the post call query of *merge_cp_length_p is only for
 653       // the sake of consistency.
 654       new_ref_i = *merge_cp_length_p - 1;
 655     }
 656   }
 657 
 658   // constant pool indices are u2, unless the merged constant pool overflows which
 659   // we don't check for.
 660   return checked_cast<u2>(new_ref_i);
 661 } // end find_or_append_indirect_entry()
 662 
 663 
 664 // Append a bootstrap specifier into the merge_cp BSM entries that is semantically equal
 665 // to the scratch_cp BSM entries' bootstrap specifier passed by the old_bs_i index.
 666 // Recursively append new merge_cp entries referenced by the new bootstrap specifier.
 667 int VM_RedefineClasses::append_bsm_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp, const int old_bs_i,
 668        constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 669 
 670   BSMAttributeEntry* old_bsme = scratch_cp->bsm_attribute_entry(old_bs_i);
 671   u2 old_ref_i = old_bsme->bootstrap_method_index();
 672   u2 new_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, old_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 673                                                merge_cp_length_p);
 674   if (new_ref_i != old_ref_i) {
 675     log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 676       ("BSM attribute entry@%d bootstrap method ref_index change: %d to %d", _bsmae_iter.current_offset() - 1, old_ref_i, new_ref_i);
 677   }
 678 
 679   const int new_bs_i = _bsmae_iter.current_offset();
 680   BSMAttributeEntry* new_bsme =
 681     _bsmae_iter.reserve_new_entry(new_ref_i, old_bsme->argument_count());
 682   assert(new_bsme != nullptr, "must be");
 683   for (int i = 0; i < new_bsme->argument_count(); i++) {
 684     u2 old_arg_ref_i = old_bsme->argument(i);
 685     u2 new_arg_ref_i = find_or_append_indirect_entry(scratch_cp, old_arg_ref_i, merge_cp_p,
 686                                                      merge_cp_length_p);
 687     new_bsme->set_argument(i, new_arg_ref_i);
 688 
 689     if (new_arg_ref_i != old_arg_ref_i) {
 690       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
 691         ("BSM attribute entry@%d bootstrap method argument ref_index change: %d to %d",
 692          _bsmae_iter.current_offset() - 1, old_arg_ref_i, new_arg_ref_i);
 693     }
 694   }
 695   // This is only for the logging
 696   map_bsm_index(old_bs_i, new_bs_i);
 697   return new_bs_i;
 698 } // end append_bsm_entry()
 699 
 700 
 701 int VM_RedefineClasses::find_or_append_bsm_entry(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
 702       int old_bs_i, constantPoolHandle *merge_cp_p, int *merge_cp_length_p) {
 703 
 704   const int max_offset_in_merge = _bsmae_iter.current_offset();
 705   int new_bs_i = old_bs_i; // bootstrap specifier index
 706   // Has the old_bs_i index been used already? Check if it's the same so we know
 707   // whether or not a remapping is required.
 708   bool match = (old_bs_i < max_offset_in_merge) &&
 709                scratch_cp->compare_bootstrap_entry_to(old_bs_i, *merge_cp_p, old_bs_i);
 710 
 711   if (!match) {
 712     // forward reference in *merge_cp_p or not a direct match
 713     int found_i = scratch_cp->find_matching_bsm_entry(old_bs_i, *merge_cp_p,
 714                                                       max_offset_in_merge);
 715     if (found_i != -1) {
 716       guarantee(found_i != old_bs_i, "compare_bootstrap_entry_to() and find_matching_bsm_entry() disagree");
 717       // found a matching BSM entry somewhere else in *merge_cp_p so just need a mapping
 718       new_bs_i = found_i;
 719       map_bsm_index(old_bs_i, found_i);
 720     } else {
 721       // no match found so we have to append this bootstrap specifier to *merge_cp_p
 722       new_bs_i = append_bsm_entry(scratch_cp, old_bs_i, merge_cp_p, merge_cp_length_p);
 723     }
 724   }
 725   return new_bs_i;
 726 } // end find_or_append_bsm_entry()
 727 
 728 
 729 void VM_RedefineClasses::finalize_bsm_entries_merge(const constantPoolHandle& merge_cp, TRAPS) {
 730   if (merge_cp->bsm_entries().number_of_entries() == 0) {
 731     return;
 732   }
 733   // Finished extending the BSMAEs
 734   merge_cp->end_extension(_bsmae_iter, CHECK);
 735 
 736   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, constantpool)) {
 737     // don't want to loop unless we are tracing
 738     int count = 0;
 739     for (int i = 1; i < _bsm_index_map_p->length(); i++) {
 740       int value = _bsm_index_map_p->at(i);
 741       if (value != -1) {
 742         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("bsm_index_map[%d]: old=%d new=%d", count, i, value);
 743         count++;
 744       }
 745     }
 746   }
 747   // Clean-up
 748   _bsm_index_map_p = nullptr;
 749   _bsm_index_map_count = 0;
 750   _bsmae_iter = BSMAttributeEntries::InsertionIterator();
 751 } // end finalize_bsmentries_merge()
 752 
 753 // Symbol* comparator for qsort
 754 // The caller must have an active ResourceMark.
 755 static int symcmp(const void* a, const void* b) {
 756   char* astr = (*(Symbol**)a)->as_C_string();
 757   char* bstr = (*(Symbol**)b)->as_C_string();
 758   return strcmp(astr, bstr);
 759 }
 760 
 761 // The caller must have an active ResourceMark.
 762 static jvmtiError check_attribute_arrays(const char* attr_name,
 763            InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class,
 764            Array<u2>* the_array, Array<u2>* scr_array) {
 765   bool the_array_exists = the_array != Universe::the_empty_short_array();
 766   bool scr_array_exists = scr_array != Universe::the_empty_short_array();
 767 
 768   int array_len = the_array->length();
 769   if (the_array_exists && scr_array_exists) {
 770     if (array_len != scr_array->length()) {
 771       log_trace(redefine, class)
 772         ("redefined class %s attribute change error: %s len=%d changed to len=%d",
 773          the_class->external_name(), attr_name, array_len, scr_array->length());
 774       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 775     }
 776 
 777     // The order of entries in the attribute array is not specified so we
 778     // have to explicitly check for the same contents. We do this by copying
 779     // the referenced symbols into their own arrays, sorting them and then
 780     // comparing each element pair.
 781 
 782     Symbol** the_syms = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(Symbol*, array_len);
 783     Symbol** scr_syms = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(Symbol*, array_len);
 784 
 785     if (the_syms == nullptr || scr_syms == nullptr) {
 786       return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
 787     }
 788 
 789     for (int i = 0; i < array_len; i++) {
 790       int the_cp_index = the_array->at(i);
 791       int scr_cp_index = scr_array->at(i);
 792       the_syms[i] = the_class->constants()->klass_name_at(the_cp_index);
 793       scr_syms[i] = scratch_class->constants()->klass_name_at(scr_cp_index);
 794     }
 795 
 796     qsort(the_syms, array_len, sizeof(Symbol*), symcmp);
 797     qsort(scr_syms, array_len, sizeof(Symbol*), symcmp);
 798 
 799     for (int i = 0; i < array_len; i++) {
 800       if (the_syms[i] != scr_syms[i]) {
 801         log_info(redefine, class)
 802           ("redefined class %s attribute change error: %s[%d]: %s changed to %s",
 803            the_class->external_name(), attr_name, i,
 804            the_syms[i]->as_C_string(), scr_syms[i]->as_C_string());
 805         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 806       }
 807     }
 808   } else if (the_array_exists ^ scr_array_exists) {
 809     const char* action_str = (the_array_exists) ? "removed" : "added";
 810     log_info(redefine, class)
 811       ("redefined class %s attribute change error: %s attribute %s",
 812        the_class->external_name(), attr_name, action_str);
 813     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 814   }
 815   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
 816 }
 817 
 818 static jvmtiError check_nest_attributes(InstanceKlass* the_class,
 819                                         InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 820   // Check whether the class NestHost attribute has been changed.
 821   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
 822   ResourceMark rm(thread);
 823   u2 the_nest_host_idx = the_class->nest_host_index();
 824   u2 scr_nest_host_idx = scratch_class->nest_host_index();
 825 
 826   if (the_nest_host_idx != 0 && scr_nest_host_idx != 0) {
 827     Symbol* the_sym = the_class->constants()->klass_name_at(the_nest_host_idx);
 828     Symbol* scr_sym = scratch_class->constants()->klass_name_at(scr_nest_host_idx);
 829     if (the_sym != scr_sym) {
 830       log_info(redefine, class, nestmates)
 831         ("redefined class %s attribute change error: NestHost class: %s replaced with: %s",
 832          the_class->external_name(), the_sym->as_C_string(), scr_sym->as_C_string());
 833       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 834     }
 835   } else if ((the_nest_host_idx == 0) ^ (scr_nest_host_idx == 0)) {
 836     const char* action_str = (the_nest_host_idx != 0) ? "removed" : "added";
 837     log_info(redefine, class, nestmates)
 838       ("redefined class %s attribute change error: NestHost attribute %s",
 839        the_class->external_name(), action_str);
 840     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 841   }
 842 
 843   // Check whether the class NestMembers attribute has been changed.
 844   return check_attribute_arrays("NestMembers",
 845                                 the_class, scratch_class,
 846                                 the_class->nest_members(),
 847                                 scratch_class->nest_members());
 848 }
 849 
 850 // Return an error status if the class Record attribute was changed.
 851 static jvmtiError check_record_attribute(InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 852   // Get lists of record components.
 853   Array<RecordComponent*>* the_record = the_class->record_components();
 854   Array<RecordComponent*>* scr_record = scratch_class->record_components();
 855   bool the_record_exists = the_record != nullptr;
 856   bool scr_record_exists = scr_record != nullptr;
 857 
 858   if (the_record_exists && scr_record_exists) {
 859     int the_num_components = the_record->length();
 860     int scr_num_components = scr_record->length();
 861     if (the_num_components != scr_num_components) {
 862       log_info(redefine, class, record)
 863         ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record num_components=%d changed to num_components=%d",
 864          the_class->external_name(), the_num_components, scr_num_components);
 865       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 866     }
 867 
 868     // Compare each field in each record component.
 869     ConstantPool* the_cp =  the_class->constants();
 870     ConstantPool* scr_cp =  scratch_class->constants();
 871     for (int x = 0; x < the_num_components; x++) {
 872       RecordComponent* the_component = the_record->at(x);
 873       RecordComponent* scr_component = scr_record->at(x);
 874       const Symbol* const the_name = the_cp->symbol_at(the_component->name_index());
 875       const Symbol* const scr_name = scr_cp->symbol_at(scr_component->name_index());
 876       const Symbol* const the_descr = the_cp->symbol_at(the_component->descriptor_index());
 877       const Symbol* const scr_descr = scr_cp->symbol_at(scr_component->descriptor_index());
 878       if (the_name != scr_name || the_descr != scr_descr) {
 879         log_info(redefine, class, record)
 880           ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record name_index, descriptor_index, and/or attributes_count changed",
 881            the_class->external_name());
 882         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 883       }
 884 
 885       int the_gen_sig = the_component->generic_signature_index();
 886       int scr_gen_sig = scr_component->generic_signature_index();
 887       const Symbol* const the_gen_sig_sym = (the_gen_sig == 0 ? nullptr :
 888         the_cp->symbol_at(the_component->generic_signature_index()));
 889       const Symbol* const scr_gen_sig_sym = (scr_gen_sig == 0 ? nullptr :
 890         scr_cp->symbol_at(scr_component->generic_signature_index()));
 891       if (the_gen_sig_sym != scr_gen_sig_sym) {
 892         log_info(redefine, class, record)
 893           ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record generic_signature attribute changed",
 894            the_class->external_name());
 895         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 896       }
 897 
 898       // It's okay if a record component's annotations were changed.
 899     }
 900 
 901   } else if (the_record_exists ^ scr_record_exists) {
 902     const char* action_str = (the_record_exists) ? "removed" : "added";
 903     log_info(redefine, class, record)
 904       ("redefined class %s attribute change error: Record attribute %s",
 905        the_class->external_name(), action_str);
 906     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE_CHANGED;
 907   }
 908 
 909   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
 910 }
 911 
 912 
 913 static jvmtiError check_permitted_subclasses_attribute(InstanceKlass* the_class,
 914                                                        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 915   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
 916   ResourceMark rm(thread);
 917 
 918   // Check whether the class PermittedSubclasses attribute has been changed.
 919   return check_attribute_arrays("PermittedSubclasses",
 920                                 the_class, scratch_class,
 921                                 the_class->permitted_subclasses(),
 922                                 scratch_class->permitted_subclasses());
 923 }
 924 
 925 static bool can_add_or_delete(Method* m) {
 926       // Compatibility mode
 927   return (AllowRedefinitionToAddDeleteMethods &&
 928           (m->is_private() && (m->is_static() || m->is_final())));
 929 }
 930 
 931 jvmtiError VM_RedefineClasses::compare_and_normalize_class_versions(
 932              InstanceKlass* the_class,
 933              InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
 934   int i;
 935 
 936   // Check superclasses, or rather their names, since superclasses themselves can be
 937   // requested to replace.
 938   // Check for null superclass first since this might be java.lang.Object
 939   if (the_class->super() != scratch_class->super() &&
 940       (the_class->super() == nullptr || scratch_class->super() == nullptr ||
 941        the_class->super()->name() !=
 942        scratch_class->super()->name())) {
 943     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 944       ("redefined class %s superclass change error: superclass changed from %s to %s.",
 945        the_class->external_name(),
 946        the_class->super() == nullptr ? "null" : the_class->super()->external_name(),
 947        scratch_class->super() == nullptr ? "null" : scratch_class->super()->external_name());
 948     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_HIERARCHY_CHANGED;
 949   }
 950 
 951   // Check if the number, names and order of directly implemented interfaces are the same.
 952   // I think in principle we should just check if the sets of names of directly implemented
 953   // interfaces are the same, i.e. the order of declaration (which, however, if changed in the
 954   // .java file, also changes in .class file) should not matter. However, comparing sets is
 955   // technically a bit more difficult, and, more importantly, I am not sure at present that the
 956   // order of interfaces does not matter on the implementation level, i.e. that the VM does not
 957   // rely on it somewhere.
 958   Array<InstanceKlass*>* k_interfaces = the_class->local_interfaces();
 959   Array<InstanceKlass*>* k_new_interfaces = scratch_class->local_interfaces();
 960   int n_intfs = k_interfaces->length();
 961   if (n_intfs != k_new_interfaces->length()) {
 962     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 963       ("redefined class %s interfaces change error: number of implemented interfaces changed from %d to %d.",
 964        the_class->external_name(), n_intfs, k_new_interfaces->length());
 965     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_HIERARCHY_CHANGED;
 966   }
 967   for (i = 0; i < n_intfs; i++) {
 968     if (k_interfaces->at(i)->name() !=
 969         k_new_interfaces->at(i)->name()) {
 970       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 971           ("redefined class %s interfaces change error: interface changed from %s to %s.",
 972            the_class->external_name(),
 973            k_interfaces->at(i)->external_name(), k_new_interfaces->at(i)->external_name());
 974       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_HIERARCHY_CHANGED;
 975     }
 976   }
 977 
 978   // Check whether class is in the error init state.
 979   if (the_class->is_in_error_state()) {
 980     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
 981       ("redefined class %s is in error init state.", the_class->external_name());
 982     // TBD #5057930: special error code is needed in 1.6
 983     return JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS;
 984   }
 985 
 986   // Check whether the nest-related attributes have been changed.
 987   jvmtiError err = check_nest_attributes(the_class, scratch_class);
 988   if (err != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
 989     return err;
 990   }
 991 
 992   // Check whether the Record attribute has been changed.
 993   err = check_record_attribute(the_class, scratch_class);
 994   if (err != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
 995     return err;
 996   }
 997 
 998   // Check whether the PermittedSubclasses attribute has been changed.
 999   err = check_permitted_subclasses_attribute(the_class, scratch_class);
1000   if (err != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
1001     return err;
1002   }
1003 
1004   // Check whether class modifiers are the same.
1005   u2 old_flags = the_class->access_flags().as_class_flags();
1006   u2 new_flags = scratch_class->access_flags().as_class_flags();
1007   if (old_flags != new_flags) {
1008     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1009         ("redefined class %s modifiers change error: modifiers changed from %d to %d.",
1010          the_class->external_name(), old_flags, new_flags);
1011     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_CLASS_MODIFIERS_CHANGED;
1012   }
1013 
1014   // Check if the number, names, types and order of fields declared in these classes
1015   // are the same.
1016   JavaFieldStream old_fs(the_class);
1017   JavaFieldStream new_fs(scratch_class);
1018   for (; !old_fs.done() && !new_fs.done(); old_fs.next(), new_fs.next()) {
1019     // name and signature
1020     Symbol* name_sym1 = the_class->constants()->symbol_at(old_fs.name_index());
1021     Symbol* sig_sym1 = the_class->constants()->symbol_at(old_fs.signature_index());
1022     Symbol* name_sym2 = scratch_class->constants()->symbol_at(new_fs.name_index());
1023     Symbol* sig_sym2 = scratch_class->constants()->symbol_at(new_fs.signature_index());
1024     if (name_sym1 != name_sym2 || sig_sym1 != sig_sym2) {
1025       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1026           ("redefined class %s fields change error: field %s %s changed to %s %s.",
1027            the_class->external_name(),
1028            sig_sym1->as_C_string(), name_sym1->as_C_string(),
1029            sig_sym2->as_C_string(), name_sym2->as_C_string());
1030       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1031     }
1032     // offset
1033     if (old_fs.offset() != new_fs.offset()) {
1034       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1035           ("redefined class %s field %s change error: offset changed from %d to %d.",
1036            the_class->external_name(), name_sym2->as_C_string(), old_fs.offset(), new_fs.offset());
1037       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1038     }
1039     // access
1040     old_flags = old_fs.access_flags().as_field_flags();
1041     new_flags = new_fs.access_flags().as_field_flags();
1042     if (old_flags != new_flags) {
1043       log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1044           ("redefined class %s field %s change error: modifiers changed from %d to %d.",
1045            the_class->external_name(), name_sym2->as_C_string(), old_flags, new_flags);
1046       return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1047     }
1048   }
1049 
1050   // If both streams aren't done then we have a differing number of
1051   // fields.
1052   if (!old_fs.done() || !new_fs.done()) {
1053     const char* action = old_fs.done() ? "added" : "deleted";
1054     log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1055         ("redefined class %s fields change error: some fields were %s.",
1056          the_class->external_name(), action);
1057     return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_SCHEMA_CHANGED;
1058   }
1059 
1060   // Do a parallel walk through the old and new methods. Detect
1061   // cases where they match (exist in both), have been added in
1062   // the new methods, or have been deleted (exist only in the
1063   // old methods).  The class file parser places methods in order
1064   // by method name, but does not order overloaded methods by
1065   // signature.  In order to determine what fate befell the methods,
1066   // this code places the overloaded new methods that have matching
1067   // old methods in the same order as the old methods and places
1068   // new overloaded methods at the end of overloaded methods of
1069   // that name. The code for this order normalization is adapted
1070   // from the algorithm used in InstanceKlass::find_method().
1071   // Since we are swapping out of order entries as we find them,
1072   // we only have to search forward through the overloaded methods.
1073   // Methods which are added and have the same name as an existing
1074   // method (but different signature) will be put at the end of
1075   // the methods with that name, and the name mismatch code will
1076   // handle them.
1077   Array<Method*>* k_old_methods(the_class->methods());
1078   Array<Method*>* k_new_methods(scratch_class->methods());
1079   int n_old_methods = k_old_methods->length();
1080   int n_new_methods = k_new_methods->length();
1081   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
1082 
1083   int ni = 0;
1084   int oi = 0;
1085   while (true) {
1086     Method* k_old_method;
1087     Method* k_new_method;
1088     enum { matched, added, deleted, undetermined } method_was = undetermined;
1089 
1090     if (oi >= n_old_methods) {
1091       if (ni >= n_new_methods) {
1092         break; // we've looked at everything, done
1093       }
1094       // New method at the end
1095       k_new_method = k_new_methods->at(ni);
1096       method_was = added;
1097     } else if (ni >= n_new_methods) {
1098       // Old method, at the end, is deleted
1099       k_old_method = k_old_methods->at(oi);
1100       method_was = deleted;
1101     } else {
1102       // There are more methods in both the old and new lists
1103       k_old_method = k_old_methods->at(oi);
1104       k_new_method = k_new_methods->at(ni);
1105       if (k_old_method->name() != k_new_method->name()) {
1106         // Methods are sorted by method name, so a mismatch means added
1107         // or deleted
1108         if (k_old_method->name()->fast_compare(k_new_method->name()) > 0) {
1109           method_was = added;
1110         } else {
1111           method_was = deleted;
1112         }
1113       } else if (k_old_method->signature() == k_new_method->signature()) {
1114         // Both the name and signature match
1115         method_was = matched;
1116       } else {
1117         // The name matches, but the signature doesn't, which means we have to
1118         // search forward through the new overloaded methods.
1119         int nj;  // outside the loop for post-loop check
1120         for (nj = ni + 1; nj < n_new_methods; nj++) {
1121           Method* m = k_new_methods->at(nj);
1122           if (k_old_method->name() != m->name()) {
1123             // reached another method name so no more overloaded methods
1124             method_was = deleted;
1125             break;
1126           }
1127           if (k_old_method->signature() == m->signature()) {
1128             // found a match so swap the methods
1129             k_new_methods->at_put(ni, m);
1130             k_new_methods->at_put(nj, k_new_method);
1131             k_new_method = m;
1132             method_was = matched;
1133             break;
1134           }
1135         }
1136 
1137         if (nj >= n_new_methods) {
1138           // reached the end without a match; so method was deleted
1139           method_was = deleted;
1140         }
1141       }
1142     }
1143 
1144     switch (method_was) {
1145     case matched:
1146       // methods match, be sure modifiers do too
1147       old_flags = k_old_method->access_flags().as_method_flags();
1148       new_flags = k_new_method->access_flags().as_method_flags();
1149       if ((old_flags ^ new_flags) & ~(JVM_ACC_NATIVE)) {
1150         log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1151           ("redefined class %s  method %s modifiers error: modifiers changed from %d to %d",
1152            the_class->external_name(), k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), old_flags, new_flags);
1153         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_MODIFIERS_CHANGED;
1154       }
1155       {
1156         u2 new_num = k_new_method->method_idnum();
1157         u2 old_num = k_old_method->method_idnum();
1158         if (new_num != old_num) {
1159           Method* idnum_owner = scratch_class->method_with_idnum(old_num);
1160           if (idnum_owner != nullptr) {
1161             // There is already a method assigned this idnum -- switch them
1162             // Take current and original idnum from the new_method
1163             idnum_owner->set_method_idnum(new_num);
1164             idnum_owner->set_orig_method_idnum(k_new_method->orig_method_idnum());
1165           }
1166           // Take current and original idnum from the old_method
1167           k_new_method->set_method_idnum(old_num);
1168           k_new_method->set_orig_method_idnum(k_old_method->orig_method_idnum());
1169           if (thread->has_pending_exception()) {
1170             return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1171           }
1172         }
1173       }
1174       log_trace(redefine, class, normalize)
1175         ("Method matched: new: %s [%d] == old: %s [%d]",
1176          k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni, k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), oi);
1177       // advance to next pair of methods
1178       ++oi;
1179       ++ni;
1180       break;
1181     case added:
1182       // method added, see if it is OK
1183       if (!can_add_or_delete(k_new_method)) {
1184         log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1185           ("redefined class %s methods error: added method: %s [%d]",
1186            the_class->external_name(), k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni);
1187         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_ADDED;
1188       }
1189       {
1190         u2 num = the_class->next_method_idnum();
1191         if (num == ConstMethod::UNSET_IDNUM) {
1192           // cannot add any more methods
1193           log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1194             ("redefined class %s methods error: can't create ID for new method %s [%d]",
1195              the_class->external_name(), k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni);
1196           return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_ADDED;
1197         }
1198         u2 new_num = k_new_method->method_idnum();
1199         Method* idnum_owner = scratch_class->method_with_idnum(num);
1200         if (idnum_owner != nullptr) {
1201           // There is already a method assigned this idnum -- switch them
1202           // Take current and original idnum from the new_method
1203           idnum_owner->set_method_idnum(new_num);
1204           idnum_owner->set_orig_method_idnum(k_new_method->orig_method_idnum());
1205         }
1206         k_new_method->set_method_idnum(num);
1207         k_new_method->set_orig_method_idnum(num);
1208         if (thread->has_pending_exception()) {
1209           return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1210         }
1211       }
1212       log_trace(redefine, class, normalize)
1213         ("Method added: new: %s [%d]", k_new_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), ni);
1214       ++ni; // advance to next new method
1215       break;
1216     case deleted:
1217       // method deleted, see if it is OK
1218       if (!can_add_or_delete(k_old_method)) {
1219         log_info(redefine, class, normalize)
1220           ("redefined class %s methods error: deleted method %s [%d]",
1221            the_class->external_name(), k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), oi);
1222         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_REDEFINITION_METHOD_DELETED;
1223       }
1224       log_trace(redefine, class, normalize)
1225         ("Method deleted: old: %s [%d]", k_old_method->name_and_sig_as_C_string(), oi);
1226       ++oi; // advance to next old method
1227       break;
1228     default:
1229       ShouldNotReachHere();
1230     }
1231   }
1232 
1233   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
1234 }
1235 
1236 
1237 // Find new constant pool index value for old constant pool index value
1238 // by searching the index map. Returns zero (0) if there is no mapped
1239 // value for the old constant pool index.
1240 u2 VM_RedefineClasses::find_new_index(int old_index) {
1241   if (_index_map_count == 0) {
1242     // map is empty so nothing can be found
1243     return 0;
1244   }
1245 
1246   if (old_index < 1 || old_index >= _index_map_p->length()) {
1247     // The old_index is out of range so it is not mapped. This should
1248     // not happen in regular constant pool merging use, but it can
1249     // happen if a corrupt annotation is processed.
1250     return 0;
1251   }
1252 
1253   int value = _index_map_p->at(old_index);
1254   if (value == -1) {
1255     // the old_index is not mapped
1256     return 0;
1257   }
1258 
1259   // constant pool indices are u2, unless the merged constant pool overflows which
1260   // we don't check for.
1261   return checked_cast<u2>(value);
1262 } // end find_new_index()
1263 
1264 
1265 // Find new bootstrap specifier index value for old bootstrap specifier index
1266 // value by searching the index map. Returns unused index (-1) if there is
1267 // no mapped value for the old bootstrap specifier index.
1268 int VM_RedefineClasses::find_new_bsm_index(int old_index) {
1269   if (_bsm_index_map_count == 0) {
1270     // map is empty so nothing can be found
1271     return -1;
1272   }
1273 
1274   if (old_index == -1 || old_index >= _bsm_index_map_p->length()) {
1275     // The old_index is out of range so it is not mapped.
1276     // This should not happen in regular constant pool merging use.
1277     return -1;
1278   }
1279 
1280   int value = _bsm_index_map_p->at(old_index);
1281   if (value == -1) {
1282     // the old_index is not mapped
1283     return -1;
1284   }
1285 
1286   return value;
1287 } // end find_new_bsm_index()
1288 
1289 
1290 // The bug 6214132 caused the verification to fail.
1291 // 1. What's done in RedefineClasses() before verification:
1292 //  a) A reference to the class being redefined (_the_class) and a
1293 //     reference to new version of the class (_scratch_class) are
1294 //     saved here for use during the bytecode verification phase of
1295 //     RedefineClasses.
1296 //  b) The _java_mirror field from _the_class is copied to the
1297 //     _java_mirror field in _scratch_class. This means that a jclass
1298 //     returned for _the_class or _scratch_class will refer to the
1299 //     same Java mirror. The verifier will see the "one true mirror"
1300 //     for the class being verified.
1301 // 2. See comments in JvmtiThreadState for what is done during verification.
1302 
1303 class RedefineVerifyMark : public StackObj {
1304  private:
1305   JvmtiThreadState* _state;
1306   InstanceKlass*    _scratch_class;
1307   OopHandle         _scratch_mirror;
1308 
1309  public:
1310 
1311   RedefineVerifyMark(InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class,
1312                      JvmtiThreadState* state) : _state(state), _scratch_class(scratch_class)
1313   {
1314     _state->set_class_versions_map(the_class, scratch_class);
1315     _scratch_mirror = the_class->java_mirror_handle();  // this is a copy that is swapped
1316     _scratch_class->swap_java_mirror_handle(_scratch_mirror);
1317   }
1318 
1319   ~RedefineVerifyMark() {
1320     // Restore the scratch class's mirror, so when scratch_class is removed
1321     // the correct mirror pointing to it can be cleared.
1322     _scratch_class->swap_java_mirror_handle(_scratch_mirror);
1323     _state->clear_class_versions_map();
1324   }
1325 };
1326 
1327 
1328 jvmtiError VM_RedefineClasses::load_new_class_versions() {
1329 
1330   // For consistency allocate memory using os::malloc wrapper.
1331   _scratch_classes = (InstanceKlass**)
1332     os::malloc(sizeof(InstanceKlass*) * _class_count, mtClass);
1333   if (_scratch_classes == nullptr) {
1334     return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1335   }
1336   // Zero initialize the _scratch_classes array.
1337   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
1338     _scratch_classes[i] = nullptr;
1339   }
1340 
1341   JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
1342   ResourceMark rm(current);
1343 
1344   JvmtiThreadState *state = JvmtiThreadState::state_for(current);
1345   // state can only be null if the current thread is exiting which
1346   // should not happen since we're trying to do a RedefineClasses
1347   guarantee(state != nullptr, "exiting thread calling load_new_class_versions");
1348   for (int i = 0; i < _class_count; i++) {
1349     // Create HandleMark so that any handles created while loading new class
1350     // versions are deleted. Constant pools are deallocated while merging
1351     // constant pools
1352     HandleMark hm(current);
1353     InstanceKlass* the_class = get_ik(_class_defs[i].klass);
1354     physical_memory_size_type avail_mem = 0;
1355     // Return value ignored - defaulting to 0 on failure.
1356     (void)os::available_memory(avail_mem);
1357     log_debug(redefine, class, load)
1358       ("loading name=%s kind=%d (avail_mem=" PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT "K)",
1359        the_class->external_name(), _class_load_kind, avail_mem >> 10);
1360 
1361     ClassFileStream st((u1*)_class_defs[i].class_bytes,
1362                        _class_defs[i].class_byte_count,
1363                        "__VM_RedefineClasses__");
1364 
1365     // Set redefined class handle in JvmtiThreadState class.
1366     // This redefined class is sent to agent event handler for class file
1367     // load hook event.
1368     state->set_class_being_redefined(the_class, _class_load_kind);
1369 
1370     JavaThread* THREAD = current; // For exception macros.
1371     ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
1372     Handle protection_domain(THREAD, the_class->protection_domain());
1373     ClassLoadInfo cl_info(protection_domain);
1374     // Parse and create a class from the bytes, but this class isn't added
1375     // to the dictionary, so do not call resolve_from_stream.
1376     InstanceKlass* scratch_class = KlassFactory::create_from_stream(&st,
1377                                                       the_class->name(),
1378                                                       the_class->class_loader_data(),
1379                                                       cl_info,
1380                                                       THREAD);
1381 
1382     // Clear class_being_redefined just to be sure.
1383     state->clear_class_being_redefined();
1384 
1385     // TODO: if this is retransform, and nothing changed we can skip it
1386 
1387     // Need to clean up allocated InstanceKlass if there's an error so assign
1388     // the result here. Caller deallocates all the scratch classes in case of
1389     // an error.
1390     _scratch_classes[i] = scratch_class;
1391 
1392     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1393       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1394       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("create_from_stream exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1395       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1396 
1397       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_UnsupportedClassVersionError()) {
1398         return JVMTI_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION;
1399       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassFormatError()) {
1400         return JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS_FORMAT;
1401       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCircularityError()) {
1402         return JVMTI_ERROR_CIRCULAR_CLASS_DEFINITION;
1403       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError()) {
1404         // The message will be "XXX (wrong name: YYY)"
1405         return JVMTI_ERROR_NAMES_DONT_MATCH;
1406       } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1407         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1408       } else {  // Just in case more exceptions can be thrown..
1409         return JVMTI_ERROR_FAILS_VERIFICATION;
1410       }
1411     }
1412 
1413     // Ensure class is linked before redefine
1414     if (!the_class->is_linked()) {
1415       the_class->link_class(THREAD);
1416       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1417         Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1418         oop message = java_lang_Throwable::message(PENDING_EXCEPTION);
1419         if (message != nullptr) {
1420           char* ex_msg = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(message);
1421           log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("link_class exception: '%s %s'",
1422                    ex_name->as_C_string(), ex_msg);
1423         } else {
1424           log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("link_class exception: '%s'",
1425                    ex_name->as_C_string());
1426         }
1427         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1428         if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1429           return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1430         } else if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_NoClassDefFoundError()) {
1431           return JVMTI_ERROR_INVALID_CLASS;
1432         } else {
1433           return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1434         }
1435       }
1436     }
1437 
1438     // Do the validity checks in compare_and_normalize_class_versions()
1439     // before verifying the byte codes. By doing these checks first, we
1440     // limit the number of functions that require redirection from
1441     // the_class to scratch_class. In particular, we don't have to
1442     // modify JNI GetSuperclass() and thus won't change its performance.
1443     jvmtiError res = compare_and_normalize_class_versions(the_class,
1444                        scratch_class);
1445     if (res != JVMTI_ERROR_NONE) {
1446       return res;
1447     }
1448 
1449     // verify what the caller passed us
1450     {
1451       // The bug 6214132 caused the verification to fail.
1452       // Information about the_class and scratch_class is temporarily
1453       // recorded into jvmtiThreadState. This data is used to redirect
1454       // the_class to scratch_class in the JVM_* functions called by the
1455       // verifier. Please, refer to jvmtiThreadState.hpp for the detailed
1456       // description.
1457       RedefineVerifyMark rvm(the_class, scratch_class, state);
1458       Verifier::verify(scratch_class, true, THREAD);
1459     }
1460 
1461     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1462       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1463       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("verify_byte_codes exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1464       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1465       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1466         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1467       } else {
1468         // tell the caller the bytecodes are bad
1469         return JVMTI_ERROR_FAILS_VERIFICATION;
1470       }
1471     }
1472 
1473     res = merge_cp_and_rewrite(the_class, scratch_class, THREAD);
1474     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1475       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1476       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("merge_cp_and_rewrite exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1477       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1478       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1479         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1480       } else {
1481         return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1482       }
1483     }
1484 
1485 #ifdef ASSERT
1486     {
1487       // verify what we have done during constant pool merging
1488       {
1489         RedefineVerifyMark rvm(the_class, scratch_class, state);
1490         Verifier::verify(scratch_class, true, THREAD);
1491       }
1492 
1493       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1494         Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1495         log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)
1496           ("verify_byte_codes post merge-CP exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1497         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1498         if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1499           return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1500         } else {
1501           // tell the caller that constant pool merging screwed up
1502           return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1503         }
1504       }
1505     }
1506 #endif // ASSERT
1507 
1508     Rewriter::rewrite(scratch_class, THREAD);
1509     if (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1510       scratch_class->link_methods(THREAD);
1511     }
1512     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1513       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
1514       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)
1515         ("Rewriter::rewrite or link_methods exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
1516       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1517       if (ex_name == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError()) {
1518         return JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
1519       } else {
1520         return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1521       }
1522     }
1523     // Return value ignored - defaulting to 0 on failure.
1524     (void)os::available_memory(avail_mem);
1525     log_debug(redefine, class, load)
1526       ("loaded name=%s (avail_mem=" PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT "K)", the_class->external_name(), avail_mem >> 10);
1527   }
1528 
1529   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
1530 }
1531 
1532 
1533 // Map old_index to new_index as needed. scratch_cp is only needed
1534 // for log calls.
1535 void VM_RedefineClasses::map_index(const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp,
1536        int old_index, int new_index) {
1537   if (find_new_index(old_index) != 0) {
1538     // old_index is already mapped
1539     return;
1540   }
1541 
1542   if (old_index == new_index) {
1543     // no mapping is needed
1544     return;
1545   }
1546 
1547   _index_map_p->at_put(old_index, new_index);
1548   _index_map_count++;
1549 
1550   log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
1551     ("mapped tag %d at index %d to %d", scratch_cp->tag_at(old_index).value(), old_index, new_index);
1552 } // end map_index()
1553 
1554 
1555 // Map old_index to new_index as needed.
1556 void VM_RedefineClasses::map_bsm_index(int old_index, int new_index) {
1557   if (old_index == new_index) {
1558     // no mapping is needed
1559     return;
1560   }
1561   _bsm_index_map_p->at_put(old_index, new_index);
1562   _bsm_index_map_count++;
1563   log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("mapped bootstrap specifier at index %d to %d", old_index, new_index);
1564 } // end map_bsm_index()
1565 
1566 
1567 // Merge old_cp and scratch_cp and return the results of the merge via
1568 // merge_cp_p. The number of entries in merge_cp_p is returned via
1569 // merge_cp_length_p. The entries in old_cp occupy the same locations
1570 // in merge_cp_p. Also creates a map of indices from entries in
1571 // scratch_cp to the corresponding entry in merge_cp_p. Index map
1572 // entries are only created for entries in scratch_cp that occupy a
1573 // different location in merged_cp_p.
1574 bool VM_RedefineClasses::merge_constant_pools(const constantPoolHandle& old_cp,
1575        const constantPoolHandle& scratch_cp, constantPoolHandle& merge_cp_p,
1576        int& merge_cp_length_p, TRAPS) {
1577 
1578   // Worst case we need old_cp->length() + scratch_cp()->length(),
1579   // but the caller might be smart so make sure we have at least
1580   // the minimum.
1581   if (merge_cp_p->length() < old_cp->length()) {
1582     assert(false, "merge area too small");
1583     return false; // robustness
1584   }
1585 
1586   log_info(redefine, class, constantpool)("old_cp_len=%d, scratch_cp_len=%d", old_cp->length(), scratch_cp->length());
1587 
1588   {
1589     // Pass 0:
1590     // The old_cp is copied to *merge_cp_p; this means that any code
1591     // using old_cp does not have to change. This work looks like a
1592     // perfect fit for ConstantPool*::copy_cp_to(), but we need to
1593     // handle one special case:
1594     // - revert JVM_CONSTANT_Class to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass
1595     // This will make verification happy.
1596 
1597     int old_i;  // index into old_cp
1598 
1599     // index zero (0) is not used in constantPools
1600     for (old_i = 1; old_i < old_cp->length(); old_i++) {
1601       // leave debugging crumb
1602       jbyte old_tag = old_cp->tag_at(old_i).value();
1603       switch (old_tag) {
1604       case JVM_CONSTANT_Class:
1605       case JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass:
1606         // revert the copy to JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass
1607         // May be resolving while calling this so do the same for
1608         // JVM_CONSTANT_UnresolvedClass (klass_name_at() deals with transition)
1609         merge_cp_p->temp_unresolved_klass_at_put(old_i,
1610           old_cp->klass_name_index_at(old_i));
1611         break;
1612 
1613       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1614       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1615         // just copy the entry to merge_cp_p, but double and long take
1616         // two constant pool entries
1617         ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(old_cp, old_i, merge_cp_p, old_i);
1618         old_i++;
1619         break;
1620 
1621       default:
1622         // just copy the entry to merge_cp_p
1623         ConstantPool::copy_entry_to(old_cp, old_i, merge_cp_p, old_i);
1624         break;
1625       }
1626     } // end for each old_cp entry
1627 
1628     ConstantPool::copy_bsm_entries(old_cp, merge_cp_p, CHECK_false);
1629     _bsmae_iter = merge_cp_p->start_extension(scratch_cp, CHECK_false);
1630 
1631     // We don't need to sanity check that *merge_cp_length_p is within
1632     // *merge_cp_p bounds since we have the minimum on-entry check above.
1633     merge_cp_length_p = old_i;
1634   }
1635 
1636   // merge_cp_len should be the same as old_cp->length() at this point
1637   // so this trace message is really a "warm-and-breathing" message.
1638   log_debug(redefine, class, constantpool)("after pass 0: merge_cp_len=%d", merge_cp_length_p);
1639 
1640   int scratch_i;  // index into scratch_cp
1641   {
1642     // Pass 1a:
1643     // Compare scratch_cp entries to the old_cp entries that we have
1644     // already copied to *merge_cp_p. In this pass, we are eliminating
1645     // exact duplicates (matching entry at same index) so we only
1646     // compare entries in the common indice range.
1647     int increment = 1;
1648     int pass1a_length = MIN2(old_cp->length(), scratch_cp->length());
1649     for (scratch_i = 1; scratch_i < pass1a_length; scratch_i += increment) {
1650       switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
1651       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1652       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1653         // double and long take two constant pool entries
1654         increment = 2;
1655         break;
1656 
1657       default:
1658         increment = 1;
1659         break;
1660       }
1661 
1662       bool match = scratch_cp->compare_entry_to(scratch_i, merge_cp_p, scratch_i);
1663       if (match) {
1664         // found a match at the same index so nothing more to do
1665         continue;
1666       }
1667 
1668       int found_i = scratch_cp->find_matching_entry(scratch_i, merge_cp_p);
1669       if (found_i != 0) {
1670         guarantee(found_i != scratch_i,
1671           "compare_entry_to() and find_matching_entry() do not agree");
1672 
1673         // Found a matching entry somewhere else in *merge_cp_p so
1674         // just need a mapping entry.
1675         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, found_i);
1676         continue;
1677       }
1678 
1679       // No match found so we have to append this entry and any unique
1680       // referenced entries to merge_cp_p.
1681       append_entry(scratch_cp, scratch_i, &merge_cp_p, &merge_cp_length_p);
1682     }
1683   }
1684 
1685   log_debug(redefine, class, constantpool)
1686     ("after pass 1a: merge_cp_len=%d, scratch_i=%d, index_map_len=%d",
1687      merge_cp_length_p, scratch_i, _index_map_count);
1688 
1689   if (scratch_i < scratch_cp->length()) {
1690     // Pass 1b:
1691     // old_cp is smaller than scratch_cp so there are entries in
1692     // scratch_cp that we have not yet processed. We take care of
1693     // those now.
1694     int increment = 1;
1695     for (; scratch_i < scratch_cp->length(); scratch_i += increment) {
1696       switch (scratch_cp->tag_at(scratch_i).value()) {
1697       case JVM_CONSTANT_Double:
1698       case JVM_CONSTANT_Long:
1699         // double and long take two constant pool entries
1700         increment = 2;
1701         break;
1702 
1703       default:
1704         increment = 1;
1705         break;
1706       }
1707 
1708       int found_i =
1709         scratch_cp->find_matching_entry(scratch_i, merge_cp_p);
1710       if (found_i != 0) {
1711         // Found a matching entry somewhere else in merge_cp_p so
1712         // just need a mapping entry.
1713         map_index(scratch_cp, scratch_i, found_i);
1714         continue;
1715       }
1716 
1717       // No match found so we have to append this entry and any unique
1718       // referenced entries to merge_cp_p.
1719       append_entry(scratch_cp, scratch_i, &merge_cp_p, &merge_cp_length_p);
1720     }
1721 
1722     log_debug(redefine, class, constantpool)
1723       ("after pass 1b: merge_cp_len=%d, scratch_i=%d, index_map_len=%d",
1724        merge_cp_length_p, scratch_i, _index_map_count);
1725   }
1726   finalize_bsm_entries_merge(merge_cp_p, CHECK_false);
1727 
1728   return true;
1729 } // end merge_constant_pools()
1730 
1731 
1732 // Scoped object to clean up the constant pool(s) created for merging
1733 class MergeCPCleaner {
1734   ClassLoaderData*   _loader_data;
1735   ConstantPool*      _cp;
1736   ConstantPool*      _scratch_cp;
1737  public:
1738   MergeCPCleaner(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, ConstantPool* merge_cp) :
1739                  _loader_data(loader_data), _cp(merge_cp), _scratch_cp(nullptr) {}
1740   ~MergeCPCleaner() {
1741     _loader_data->add_to_deallocate_list(_cp);
1742     if (_scratch_cp != nullptr) {
1743       _loader_data->add_to_deallocate_list(_scratch_cp);
1744     }
1745   }
1746   void add_scratch_cp(ConstantPool* scratch_cp) { _scratch_cp = scratch_cp; }
1747 };
1748 
1749 // Merge constant pools between the_class and scratch_class and
1750 // potentially rewrite bytecodes in scratch_class to use the merged
1751 // constant pool.
1752 jvmtiError VM_RedefineClasses::merge_cp_and_rewrite(
1753              InstanceKlass* the_class, InstanceKlass* scratch_class,
1754              TRAPS) {
1755   // worst case merged constant pool length is old and new combined
1756   int merge_cp_length = the_class->constants()->length()
1757         + scratch_class->constants()->length();
1758 
1759   // Constant pools are not easily reused so we allocate a new one
1760   // each time.
1761   // merge_cp is created unsafe for concurrent GC processing.  It
1762   // should be marked safe before discarding it. Even though
1763   // garbage,  if it crosses a card boundary, it may be scanned
1764   // in order to find the start of the first complete object on the card.
1765   ClassLoaderData* loader_data = the_class->class_loader_data();
1766   ConstantPool* merge_cp_oop =
1767     ConstantPool::allocate(loader_data,
1768                            merge_cp_length,
1769                            CHECK_(JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY));
1770   MergeCPCleaner cp_cleaner(loader_data, merge_cp_oop);
1771 
1772   HandleMark hm(THREAD);  // make sure handles are cleared before
1773                           // MergeCPCleaner clears out merge_cp_oop
1774   constantPoolHandle merge_cp(THREAD, merge_cp_oop);
1775 
1776   // Get constants() from the old class because it could have been rewritten
1777   // while we were at a safepoint allocating a new constant pool.
1778   constantPoolHandle old_cp(THREAD, the_class->constants());
1779   constantPoolHandle scratch_cp(THREAD, scratch_class->constants());
1780 
1781   // If the length changed, the class was redefined out from under us. Return
1782   // an error.
1783   if (merge_cp_length != the_class->constants()->length()
1784          + scratch_class->constants()->length()) {
1785     return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1786   }
1787 
1788   // Update the version number of the constant pools (may keep scratch_cp)
1789   merge_cp->increment_and_save_version(old_cp->version());
1790   scratch_cp->increment_and_save_version(old_cp->version());
1791 
1792   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1793   _index_map_count = 0;
1794   _index_map_p = new intArray(scratch_cp->length(), scratch_cp->length(), -1);
1795 
1796   _bsm_index_map_count = 0;
1797   int bsm_data_len = scratch_cp->bsm_entries().array_length();
1798   _bsm_index_map_p = new intArray(bsm_data_len, bsm_data_len, -1);
1799 
1800   // reference to the cp holder is needed for reallocating the BSM attribute
1801   merge_cp->set_pool_holder(scratch_class);
1802   bool result = merge_constant_pools(old_cp, scratch_cp, merge_cp,
1803                   merge_cp_length, THREAD);
1804   merge_cp->set_pool_holder(nullptr);
1805 
1806   if (!result) {
1807     // The merge can fail due to memory allocation failure or due
1808     // to robustness checks.
1809     return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1810   }
1811 
1812   // ensure merged constant pool size does not overflow u2
1813   if (merge_cp_length > 0xFFFF) {
1814     log_warning(redefine, class, constantpool)("Merged constant pool overflow: %d entries", merge_cp_length);
1815     return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1816   }
1817 
1818   // Set dynamic constants attribute from the original CP.
1819   if (old_cp->has_dynamic_constant()) {
1820     scratch_cp->set_has_dynamic_constant();
1821   }
1822 
1823   log_info(redefine, class, constantpool)("merge_cp_len=%d, index_map_len=%d", merge_cp_length, _index_map_count);
1824 
1825   if (_index_map_count == 0) {
1826     // there is nothing to map between the new and merged constant pools
1827 
1828     // Copy attributes from scratch_cp to merge_cp
1829     merge_cp->copy_fields(scratch_cp());
1830 
1831     if (old_cp->length() == scratch_cp->length()) {
1832       // The old and new constant pools are the same length and the
1833       // index map is empty. This means that the three constant pools
1834       // are equivalent (but not the same). Unfortunately, the new
1835       // constant pool has not gone through link resolution nor have
1836       // the new class bytecodes gone through constant pool cache
1837       // rewriting so we can't use the old constant pool with the new
1838       // class.
1839 
1840       // toss the merged constant pool at return
1841     } else if (old_cp->length() < scratch_cp->length()) {
1842       // The old constant pool has fewer entries than the new constant
1843       // pool and the index map is empty. This means the new constant
1844       // pool is a superset of the old constant pool. However, the old
1845       // class bytecodes have already gone through constant pool cache
1846       // rewriting so we can't use the new constant pool with the old
1847       // class.
1848 
1849       // toss the merged constant pool at return
1850     } else {
1851       // The old constant pool has more entries than the new constant
1852       // pool and the index map is empty. This means that both the old
1853       // and merged constant pools are supersets of the new constant
1854       // pool.
1855 
1856       // Replace the new constant pool with a shrunken copy of the
1857       // merged constant pool
1858       set_new_constant_pool(loader_data, scratch_class, merge_cp, merge_cp_length,
1859                             CHECK_(JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY));
1860       // The new constant pool replaces scratch_cp so have cleaner clean it up.
1861       // It can't be cleaned up while there are handles to it.
1862       cp_cleaner.add_scratch_cp(scratch_cp());
1863     }
1864   } else {
1865     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, constantpool)) {
1866       // don't want to loop unless we are tracing
1867       int count = 0;
1868       for (int i = 1; i < _index_map_p->length(); i++) {
1869         int value = _index_map_p->at(i);
1870 
1871         if (value != -1) {
1872           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("index_map[%d]: old=%d new=%d", count, i, value);
1873           count++;
1874         }
1875       }
1876     }
1877 
1878     // We have entries mapped between the new and merged constant pools
1879     // so we have to rewrite some constant pool references.
1880     if (!rewrite_cp_refs(scratch_class)) {
1881       return JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL;
1882     }
1883 
1884     // Copy attributes from scratch_cp to merge_cp (should be done after rewrite_cp_refs())
1885     merge_cp->copy_fields(scratch_cp());
1886 
1887     // Replace the new constant pool with a shrunken copy of the
1888     // merged constant pool so now the rewritten bytecodes have
1889     // valid references; the previous new constant pool will get
1890     // GCed.
1891     set_new_constant_pool(loader_data, scratch_class, merge_cp, merge_cp_length,
1892                           CHECK_(JVMTI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY));
1893     // The new constant pool replaces scratch_cp so have cleaner clean it up.
1894     // It can't be cleaned up while there are handles to it.
1895     cp_cleaner.add_scratch_cp(scratch_cp());
1896   }
1897 
1898   return JVMTI_ERROR_NONE;
1899 } // end merge_cp_and_rewrite()
1900 
1901 
1902 // Rewrite constant pool references in klass scratch_class.
1903 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
1904 
1905   // rewrite constant pool references in the nest attributes:
1906   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_nest_attributes(scratch_class)) {
1907     // propagate failure back to caller
1908     return false;
1909   }
1910 
1911   // rewrite constant pool references in the Record attribute:
1912   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_record_attribute(scratch_class)) {
1913     // propagate failure back to caller
1914     return false;
1915   }
1916 
1917   // rewrite constant pool references in the PermittedSubclasses attribute:
1918   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_permitted_subclasses_attribute(scratch_class)) {
1919     // propagate failure back to caller
1920     return false;
1921   }
1922 
1923   // rewrite constant pool references in the LoadableDescriptors attribute:
1924   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_loadable_descriptors_attribute(scratch_class)) {
1925     // propagate failure back to caller
1926     return false;
1927   }
1928 
1929   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods:
1930   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods(scratch_class)) {
1931     // propagate failure back to caller
1932     return false;
1933   }
1934 
1935   // rewrite constant pool references in the class_annotations:
1936   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1937     // propagate failure back to caller
1938     return false;
1939   }
1940 
1941   // rewrite constant pool references in the fields_annotations:
1942   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1943     // propagate failure back to caller
1944     return false;
1945   }
1946 
1947   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_annotations:
1948   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1949     // propagate failure back to caller
1950     return false;
1951   }
1952 
1953   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_parameter_annotations:
1954   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_parameter_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1955     // propagate failure back to caller
1956     return false;
1957   }
1958 
1959   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_default_annotations:
1960   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_default_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1961     // propagate failure back to caller
1962     return false;
1963   }
1964 
1965   // rewrite constant pool references in the class_type_annotations:
1966   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_type_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1967     // propagate failure back to caller
1968     return false;
1969   }
1970 
1971   // rewrite constant pool references in the fields_type_annotations:
1972   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_type_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1973     // propagate failure back to caller
1974     return false;
1975   }
1976 
1977   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods_type_annotations:
1978   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_type_annotations(scratch_class)) {
1979     // propagate failure back to caller
1980     return false;
1981   }
1982 
1983   // There can be type annotations in the Code part of a method_info attribute.
1984   // These annotations are not accessible, even by reflection.
1985   // Currently they are not even parsed by the ClassFileParser.
1986   // If runtime access is added they will also need to be rewritten.
1987 
1988   // rewrite source file name index:
1989   u2 source_file_name_idx = scratch_class->source_file_name_index();
1990   if (source_file_name_idx != 0) {
1991     u2 new_source_file_name_idx = find_new_index(source_file_name_idx);
1992     if (new_source_file_name_idx != 0) {
1993       scratch_class->set_source_file_name_index(new_source_file_name_idx);
1994     }
1995   }
1996 
1997   // rewrite class generic signature index:
1998   u2 generic_signature_index = scratch_class->generic_signature_index();
1999   if (generic_signature_index != 0) {
2000     u2 new_generic_signature_index = find_new_index(generic_signature_index);
2001     if (new_generic_signature_index != 0) {
2002       scratch_class->set_generic_signature_index(new_generic_signature_index);
2003     }
2004   }
2005 
2006   return true;
2007 } // end rewrite_cp_refs()
2008 
2009 // Rewrite constant pool references in the NestHost and NestMembers attributes.
2010 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_nest_attributes(
2011        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2012 
2013   u2 cp_index = scratch_class->nest_host_index();
2014   if (cp_index != 0) {
2015     scratch_class->set_nest_host_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2016   }
2017   Array<u2>* nest_members = scratch_class->nest_members();
2018   for (int i = 0; i < nest_members->length(); i++) {
2019     u2 cp_index = nest_members->at(i);
2020     nest_members->at_put(i, find_new_index(cp_index));
2021   }
2022   return true;
2023 }
2024 
2025 // Rewrite constant pool references in the Record attribute.
2026 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_record_attribute(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2027   Array<RecordComponent*>* components = scratch_class->record_components();
2028   if (components != nullptr) {
2029     for (int i = 0; i < components->length(); i++) {
2030       RecordComponent* component = components->at(i);
2031       u2 cp_index = component->name_index();
2032       component->set_name_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2033       cp_index = component->descriptor_index();
2034       component->set_descriptor_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2035       cp_index = component->generic_signature_index();
2036       if (cp_index != 0) {
2037         component->set_generic_signature_index(find_new_index(cp_index));
2038       }
2039 
2040       AnnotationArray* annotations = component->annotations();
2041       if (annotations != nullptr && annotations->length() != 0) {
2042         int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into annotations
2043         if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(annotations, byte_i)) {
2044           log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad record_component_annotations at %d", i);
2045           // propagate failure back to caller
2046           return false;
2047         }
2048       }
2049 
2050       AnnotationArray* type_annotations = component->type_annotations();
2051       if (type_annotations != nullptr && type_annotations->length() != 0) {
2052         int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into annotations
2053         if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(type_annotations, byte_i)) {
2054           log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad record_component_type_annotations at %d", i);
2055           // propagate failure back to caller
2056           return false;
2057         }
2058       }
2059     }
2060   }
2061   return true;
2062 }
2063 
2064 // Rewrite constant pool references in the PermittedSubclasses attribute.
2065 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_permitted_subclasses_attribute(
2066        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2067 
2068   Array<u2>* permitted_subclasses = scratch_class->permitted_subclasses();
2069   assert(permitted_subclasses != nullptr, "unexpected null permitted_subclasses");
2070   for (int i = 0; i < permitted_subclasses->length(); i++) {
2071     u2 cp_index = permitted_subclasses->at(i);
2072     permitted_subclasses->at_put(i, find_new_index(cp_index));
2073   }
2074   return true;
2075 }
2076 
2077 // Rewrite constant pool references in the LoadableDescriptors attribute.
2078 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_loadable_descriptors_attribute(
2079        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2080 
2081   Array<u2>* loadable_descriptors = scratch_class->loadable_descriptors();
2082   assert(loadable_descriptors != nullptr, "unexpected null loadable_descriptors");
2083   for (int i = 0; i < loadable_descriptors->length(); i++) {
2084     u2 cp_index = loadable_descriptors->at(i);
2085     loadable_descriptors->at_put(i, find_new_index(cp_index));
2086   }
2087   return true;
2088 }
2089 
2090 // Rewrite constant pool references in the methods.
2091 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2092 
2093   Array<Method*>* methods = scratch_class->methods();
2094 
2095   if (methods == nullptr || methods->length() == 0) {
2096     // no methods so nothing to do
2097     return true;
2098   }
2099 
2100   JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::current(); // For exception macros.
2101   ExceptionMark em(THREAD);
2102 
2103   // rewrite constant pool references in the methods:
2104   for (int i = methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
2105     methodHandle method(THREAD, methods->at(i));
2106     methodHandle new_method;
2107     rewrite_cp_refs_in_method(method, &new_method, THREAD);
2108     if (!new_method.is_null()) {
2109       // the method has been replaced so save the new method version
2110       // even in the case of an exception.  original method is on the
2111       // deallocation list.
2112       methods->at_put(i, new_method());
2113     }
2114     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
2115       Symbol* ex_name = PENDING_EXCEPTION->klass()->name();
2116       log_info(redefine, class, load, exceptions)("rewrite_cp_refs_in_method exception: '%s'", ex_name->as_C_string());
2117       // Need to clear pending exception here as the super caller sets
2118       // the JVMTI_ERROR_INTERNAL if the returned value is false.
2119       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2120       return false;
2121     }
2122   }
2123 
2124   return true;
2125 }
2126 
2127 
2128 // Rewrite constant pool references in the specific method. This code
2129 // was adapted from Rewriter::rewrite_method().
2130 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_method(methodHandle method,
2131        methodHandle *new_method_p, TRAPS) {
2132 
2133   *new_method_p = methodHandle();  // default is no new method
2134 
2135   // We cache a pointer to the bytecodes here in code_base. If GC
2136   // moves the Method*, then the bytecodes will also move which
2137   // will likely cause a crash. We create a NoSafepointVerifier
2138   // object to detect whether we pass a possible safepoint in this
2139   // code block.
2140   NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
2141 
2142   // Bytecodes and their length
2143   address code_base = method->code_base();
2144   int code_length = method->code_size();
2145 
2146   int bc_length;
2147   for (int bci = 0; bci < code_length; bci += bc_length) {
2148     address bcp = code_base + bci;
2149     Bytecodes::Code c = (Bytecodes::Code)(*bcp);
2150 
2151     bc_length = Bytecodes::length_for(c);
2152     if (bc_length == 0) {
2153       // More complicated bytecodes report a length of zero so
2154       // we have to try again a slightly different way.
2155       bc_length = Bytecodes::length_at(method(), bcp);
2156     }
2157 
2158     assert(bc_length != 0, "impossible bytecode length");
2159 
2160     switch (c) {
2161       case Bytecodes::_ldc:
2162       {
2163         u1 cp_index = *(bcp + 1);
2164         u2 new_index = find_new_index(cp_index);
2165 
2166         if (StressLdcRewrite && new_index == 0) {
2167           // If we are stressing ldc -> ldc_w rewriting, then we
2168           // always need a new_index value.
2169           new_index = cp_index;
2170         }
2171         if (new_index != 0) {
2172           // the original index is mapped so we have more work to do
2173           if (!StressLdcRewrite && new_index <= max_jubyte) {
2174             // The new value can still use ldc instead of ldc_w
2175             // unless we are trying to stress ldc -> ldc_w rewriting
2176             log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
2177               ("%s@" INTPTR_FORMAT " old=%d, new=%d", Bytecodes::name(c), p2i(bcp), cp_index, new_index);
2178             // We checked that new_index fits in a u1 so this cast is safe
2179             *(bcp + 1) = (u1)new_index;
2180           } else {
2181             log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
2182               ("%s->ldc_w@" INTPTR_FORMAT " old=%d, new=%d", Bytecodes::name(c), p2i(bcp), cp_index, new_index);
2183             // the new value needs ldc_w instead of ldc
2184             u_char inst_buffer[4]; // max instruction size is 4 bytes
2185             bcp = (address)inst_buffer;
2186             // construct new instruction sequence
2187             *bcp = Bytecodes::_ldc_w;
2188             bcp++;
2189             // Rewriter::rewrite_method() does not rewrite ldc -> ldc_w.
2190             // See comment below for difference between put_Java_u2()
2191             // and put_native_u2().
2192             Bytes::put_Java_u2(bcp, new_index);
2193 
2194             Relocator rc(method, nullptr /* no RelocatorListener needed */);
2195             methodHandle m;
2196             {
2197               PauseNoSafepointVerifier pnsv(&nsv);
2198 
2199               // ldc is 2 bytes and ldc_w is 3 bytes
2200               m = rc.insert_space_at(bci, 3, inst_buffer, CHECK);
2201             }
2202 
2203             // return the new method so that the caller can update
2204             // the containing class
2205             *new_method_p = method = m;
2206             // switch our bytecode processing loop from the old method
2207             // to the new method
2208             code_base = method->code_base();
2209             code_length = method->code_size();
2210             bcp = code_base + bci;
2211             c = (Bytecodes::Code)(*bcp);
2212             bc_length = Bytecodes::length_for(c);
2213             assert(bc_length != 0, "sanity check");
2214           } // end we need ldc_w instead of ldc
2215         } // end if there is a mapped index
2216       } break;
2217 
2218       // these bytecodes have a two-byte constant pool index
2219       case Bytecodes::_anewarray      : // fall through
2220       case Bytecodes::_checkcast      : // fall through
2221       case Bytecodes::_getfield       : // fall through
2222       case Bytecodes::_getstatic      : // fall through
2223       case Bytecodes::_instanceof     : // fall through
2224       case Bytecodes::_invokedynamic  : // fall through
2225       case Bytecodes::_invokeinterface: // fall through
2226       case Bytecodes::_invokespecial  : // fall through
2227       case Bytecodes::_invokestatic   : // fall through
2228       case Bytecodes::_invokevirtual  : // fall through
2229       case Bytecodes::_ldc_w          : // fall through
2230       case Bytecodes::_ldc2_w         : // fall through
2231       case Bytecodes::_multianewarray : // fall through
2232       case Bytecodes::_new            : // fall through
2233       case Bytecodes::_putfield       : // fall through
2234       case Bytecodes::_putstatic      :
2235       {
2236         address p = bcp + 1;
2237         int cp_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(p);
2238         u2 new_index = find_new_index(cp_index);
2239         if (new_index != 0) {
2240           // the original index is mapped so update w/ new value
2241           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
2242             ("%s@" INTPTR_FORMAT " old=%d, new=%d", Bytecodes::name(c),p2i(bcp), cp_index, new_index);
2243           // Rewriter::rewrite_method() uses put_native_u2() in this
2244           // situation because it is reusing the constant pool index
2245           // location for a native index into the ConstantPoolCache.
2246           // Since we are updating the constant pool index prior to
2247           // verification and ConstantPoolCache initialization, we
2248           // need to keep the new index in Java byte order.
2249           Bytes::put_Java_u2(p, new_index);
2250         }
2251       } break;
2252       default:
2253         break;
2254     }
2255   } // end for each bytecode
2256 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_method()
2257 
2258 
2259 // Rewrite constant pool references in the class_annotations field.
2260 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_annotations(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2261 
2262   AnnotationArray* class_annotations = scratch_class->class_annotations();
2263   if (class_annotations == nullptr || class_annotations->length() == 0) {
2264     // no class_annotations so nothing to do
2265     return true;
2266   }
2267 
2268   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("class_annotations length=%d", class_annotations->length());
2269 
2270   int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into class_annotations
2271   return rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(class_annotations, byte_i);
2272 }
2273 
2274 
2275 // Rewrite constant pool references in an annotations typeArray. This
2276 // "structure" is adapted from the RuntimeVisibleAnnotations_attribute
2277 // that is described in section 4.8.15 of the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2278 //
2279 // annotations_typeArray {
2280 //   u2 num_annotations;
2281 //   annotation annotations[num_annotations];
2282 // }
2283 //
2284 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(
2285        AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
2286 
2287   if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2288     // not enough room for num_annotations field
2289     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for num_annotations field");
2290     return false;
2291   }
2292 
2293   u2 num_annotations = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2294                          annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2295   byte_i_ref += 2;
2296 
2297   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_annotations=%d", num_annotations);
2298 
2299   int calc_num_annotations = 0;
2300   for (; calc_num_annotations < num_annotations; calc_num_annotations++) {
2301     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2302       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad annotation_struct at %d", calc_num_annotations);
2303       // propagate failure back to caller
2304       return false;
2305     }
2306   }
2307   assert(num_annotations == calc_num_annotations, "sanity check");
2308 
2309   return true;
2310 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray()
2311 
2312 
2313 // Rewrite constant pool references in the annotation struct portion of
2314 // an annotations_typeArray. This "structure" is from section 4.8.15 of
2315 // the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2316 //
2317 // struct annotation {
2318 //   u2 type_index;
2319 //   u2 num_element_value_pairs;
2320 //   {
2321 //     u2 element_name_index;
2322 //     element_value value;
2323 //   } element_value_pairs[num_element_value_pairs];
2324 // }
2325 //
2326 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(
2327        AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
2328   if ((byte_i_ref + 2 + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2329     // not enough room for smallest annotation_struct
2330     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for annotation_struct");
2331     return false;
2332   }
2333 
2334   u2 type_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(annotations_typeArray,
2335                     byte_i_ref, "type_index");
2336 
2337   u2 num_element_value_pairs = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2338                                  annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2339   byte_i_ref += 2;
2340 
2341   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2342     ("type_index=%d  num_element_value_pairs=%d", type_index, num_element_value_pairs);
2343 
2344   int calc_num_element_value_pairs = 0;
2345   for (; calc_num_element_value_pairs < num_element_value_pairs;
2346        calc_num_element_value_pairs++) {
2347     if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2348       // not enough room for another element_name_index, let alone
2349       // the rest of another component
2350       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for element_name_index");
2351       return false;
2352     }
2353 
2354     u2 element_name_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2355                               annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2356                               "element_name_index");
2357 
2358     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("element_name_index=%d", element_name_index);
2359 
2360     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2361       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad element_value at %d", calc_num_element_value_pairs);
2362       // propagate failure back to caller
2363       return false;
2364     }
2365   } // end for each component
2366   assert(num_element_value_pairs == calc_num_element_value_pairs,
2367     "sanity check");
2368 
2369   return true;
2370 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct()
2371 
2372 
2373 // Rewrite a constant pool reference at the current position in
2374 // annotations_typeArray if needed. Returns the original constant
2375 // pool reference if a rewrite was not needed or the new constant
2376 // pool reference if a rewrite was needed.
2377 u2 VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2378      AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2379      const char * trace_mesg) {
2380 
2381   address cp_index_addr = (address)
2382     annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref);
2383   u2 old_cp_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(cp_index_addr);
2384   u2 new_cp_index = find_new_index(old_cp_index);
2385   if (new_cp_index != 0) {
2386     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("mapped old %s=%d", trace_mesg, old_cp_index);
2387     Bytes::put_Java_u2(cp_index_addr, new_cp_index);
2388     old_cp_index = new_cp_index;
2389   }
2390   byte_i_ref += 2;
2391   return old_cp_index;
2392 }
2393 
2394 
2395 // Rewrite constant pool references in the element_value portion of an
2396 // annotations_typeArray. This "structure" is from section 4.8.15.1 of
2397 // the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2398 //
2399 // struct element_value {
2400 //   u1 tag;
2401 //   union {
2402 //     u2 const_value_index;
2403 //     {
2404 //       u2 type_name_index;
2405 //       u2 const_name_index;
2406 //     } enum_const_value;
2407 //     u2 class_info_index;
2408 //     annotation annotation_value;
2409 //     struct {
2410 //       u2 num_values;
2411 //       element_value values[num_values];
2412 //     } array_value;
2413 //   } value;
2414 // }
2415 //
2416 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(
2417        AnnotationArray* annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
2418 
2419   if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2420     // not enough room for a tag let alone the rest of an element_value
2421     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a tag");
2422     return false;
2423   }
2424 
2425   u1 tag = annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2426   byte_i_ref++;
2427   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("tag='%c'", tag);
2428 
2429   switch (tag) {
2430     // These BaseType tag values are from Table 4.2 in VM spec:
2431     case JVM_SIGNATURE_BYTE:
2432     case JVM_SIGNATURE_CHAR:
2433     case JVM_SIGNATURE_DOUBLE:
2434     case JVM_SIGNATURE_FLOAT:
2435     case JVM_SIGNATURE_INT:
2436     case JVM_SIGNATURE_LONG:
2437     case JVM_SIGNATURE_SHORT:
2438     case JVM_SIGNATURE_BOOLEAN:
2439 
2440     // The remaining tag values are from Table 4.8 in the 2nd-edition of
2441     // the VM spec:
2442     case 's':
2443     {
2444       // For the above tag values (including the BaseType values),
2445       // value.const_value_index is right union field.
2446 
2447       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2448         // not enough room for a const_value_index
2449         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a const_value_index");
2450         return false;
2451       }
2452 
2453       u2 const_value_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2454                                annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2455                                "const_value_index");
2456 
2457       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("const_value_index=%d", const_value_index);
2458     } break;
2459 
2460     case 'e':
2461     {
2462       // for the above tag value, value.enum_const_value is right union field
2463 
2464       if ((byte_i_ref + 4) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2465         // not enough room for a enum_const_value
2466         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a enum_const_value");
2467         return false;
2468       }
2469 
2470       u2 type_name_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2471                              annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2472                              "type_name_index");
2473 
2474       u2 const_name_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2475                               annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2476                               "const_name_index");
2477 
2478       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2479         ("type_name_index=%d  const_name_index=%d", type_name_index, const_name_index);
2480     } break;
2481 
2482     case 'c':
2483     {
2484       // for the above tag value, value.class_info_index is right union field
2485 
2486       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2487         // not enough room for a class_info_index
2488         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a class_info_index");
2489         return false;
2490       }
2491 
2492       u2 class_info_index = rewrite_cp_ref_in_annotation_data(
2493                               annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref,
2494                               "class_info_index");
2495 
2496       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("class_info_index=%d", class_info_index);
2497     } break;
2498 
2499     case '@':
2500       // For the above tag value, value.attr_value is the right union
2501       // field. This is a nested annotation.
2502       if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2503         // propagate failure back to caller
2504         return false;
2505       }
2506       break;
2507 
2508     case JVM_SIGNATURE_ARRAY:
2509     {
2510       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2511         // not enough room for a num_values field
2512         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a num_values field");
2513         return false;
2514       }
2515 
2516       // For the above tag value, value.array_value is the right union
2517       // field. This is an array of nested element_value.
2518       u2 num_values = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2519                         annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2520       byte_i_ref += 2;
2521       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_values=%d", num_values);
2522 
2523       int calc_num_values = 0;
2524       for (; calc_num_values < num_values; calc_num_values++) {
2525         if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2526           log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad nested element_value at %d", calc_num_values);
2527           // propagate failure back to caller
2528           return false;
2529         }
2530       }
2531       assert(num_values == calc_num_values, "sanity check");
2532     } break;
2533 
2534     default:
2535       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad tag=0x%x", tag);
2536       return false;
2537   } // end decode tag field
2538 
2539   return true;
2540 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value()
2541 
2542 
2543 // Rewrite constant pool references in a fields_annotations field.
2544 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_annotations(
2545        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2546 
2547   Array<AnnotationArray*>* fields_annotations = scratch_class->fields_annotations();
2548 
2549   if (fields_annotations == nullptr || fields_annotations->length() == 0) {
2550     // no fields_annotations so nothing to do
2551     return true;
2552   }
2553 
2554   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("fields_annotations length=%d", fields_annotations->length());
2555 
2556   for (int i = 0; i < fields_annotations->length(); i++) {
2557     AnnotationArray* field_annotations = fields_annotations->at(i);
2558     if (field_annotations == nullptr || field_annotations->length() == 0) {
2559       // this field does not have any annotations so skip it
2560       continue;
2561     }
2562 
2563     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into field_annotations
2564     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(field_annotations, byte_i)) {
2565       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad field_annotations at %d", i);
2566       // propagate failure back to caller
2567       return false;
2568     }
2569   }
2570 
2571   return true;
2572 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_annotations()
2573 
2574 
2575 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_annotations field.
2576 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_annotations(
2577        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2578 
2579   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2580     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2581     AnnotationArray* method_annotations = m->constMethod()->method_annotations();
2582 
2583     if (method_annotations == nullptr || method_annotations->length() == 0) {
2584       // this method does not have any annotations so skip it
2585       continue;
2586     }
2587 
2588     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_annotations
2589     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(method_annotations, byte_i)) {
2590       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad method_annotations at %d", i);
2591       // propagate failure back to caller
2592       return false;
2593     }
2594   }
2595 
2596   return true;
2597 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_annotations()
2598 
2599 
2600 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_parameter_annotations
2601 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the
2602 // RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations_attribute described in section
2603 // 4.8.17 of the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2604 //
2605 // methods_parameter_annotations_typeArray {
2606 //   u1 num_parameters;
2607 //   {
2608 //     u2 num_annotations;
2609 //     annotation annotations[num_annotations];
2610 //   } parameter_annotations[num_parameters];
2611 // }
2612 //
2613 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_parameter_annotations(
2614        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2615 
2616   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2617     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2618     AnnotationArray* method_parameter_annotations = m->constMethod()->parameter_annotations();
2619     if (method_parameter_annotations == nullptr
2620         || method_parameter_annotations->length() == 0) {
2621       // this method does not have any parameter annotations so skip it
2622       continue;
2623     }
2624 
2625     if (method_parameter_annotations->length() < 1) {
2626       // not enough room for a num_parameters field
2627       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a num_parameters field at %d", i);
2628       return false;
2629     }
2630 
2631     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_parameter_annotations
2632 
2633     u1 num_parameters = method_parameter_annotations->at(byte_i);
2634     byte_i++;
2635 
2636     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_parameters=%d", num_parameters);
2637 
2638     int calc_num_parameters = 0;
2639     for (; calc_num_parameters < num_parameters; calc_num_parameters++) {
2640       if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotations_typeArray(method_parameter_annotations, byte_i)) {
2641         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad method_parameter_annotations at %d", calc_num_parameters);
2642         // propagate failure back to caller
2643         return false;
2644       }
2645     }
2646     assert(num_parameters == calc_num_parameters, "sanity check");
2647   }
2648 
2649   return true;
2650 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_parameter_annotations()
2651 
2652 
2653 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_default_annotations
2654 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the AnnotationDefault_attribute
2655 // that is described in section 4.8.19 of the 2nd-edition of the VM spec:
2656 //
2657 // methods_default_annotations_typeArray {
2658 //   element_value default_value;
2659 // }
2660 //
2661 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_default_annotations(
2662        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2663 
2664   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2665     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2666     AnnotationArray* method_default_annotations = m->constMethod()->default_annotations();
2667     if (method_default_annotations == nullptr
2668         || method_default_annotations->length() == 0) {
2669       // this method does not have any default annotations so skip it
2670       continue;
2671     }
2672 
2673     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_default_annotations
2674 
2675     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_element_value(
2676            method_default_annotations, byte_i)) {
2677       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad default element_value at %d", i);
2678       // propagate failure back to caller
2679       return false;
2680     }
2681   }
2682 
2683   return true;
2684 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_default_annotations()
2685 
2686 
2687 // Rewrite constant pool references in a class_type_annotations field.
2688 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_type_annotations(
2689        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2690 
2691   AnnotationArray* class_type_annotations = scratch_class->class_type_annotations();
2692   if (class_type_annotations == nullptr || class_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2693     // no class_type_annotations so nothing to do
2694     return true;
2695   }
2696 
2697   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("class_type_annotations length=%d", class_type_annotations->length());
2698 
2699   int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into class_type_annotations
2700   return rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(class_type_annotations,
2701       byte_i, "ClassFile");
2702 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_class_type_annotations()
2703 
2704 
2705 // Rewrite constant pool references in a fields_type_annotations field.
2706 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_type_annotations(InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2707 
2708   Array<AnnotationArray*>* fields_type_annotations = scratch_class->fields_type_annotations();
2709   if (fields_type_annotations == nullptr || fields_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2710     // no fields_type_annotations so nothing to do
2711     return true;
2712   }
2713 
2714   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("fields_type_annotations length=%d", fields_type_annotations->length());
2715 
2716   for (int i = 0; i < fields_type_annotations->length(); i++) {
2717     AnnotationArray* field_type_annotations = fields_type_annotations->at(i);
2718     if (field_type_annotations == nullptr || field_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2719       // this field does not have any annotations so skip it
2720       continue;
2721     }
2722 
2723     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into field_type_annotations
2724     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(field_type_annotations,
2725            byte_i, "field_info")) {
2726       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad field_type_annotations at %d", i);
2727       // propagate failure back to caller
2728       return false;
2729     }
2730   }
2731 
2732   return true;
2733 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_fields_type_annotations()
2734 
2735 
2736 // Rewrite constant pool references in a methods_type_annotations field.
2737 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_type_annotations(
2738        InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
2739 
2740   for (int i = 0; i < scratch_class->methods()->length(); i++) {
2741     Method* m = scratch_class->methods()->at(i);
2742     AnnotationArray* method_type_annotations = m->constMethod()->type_annotations();
2743 
2744     if (method_type_annotations == nullptr || method_type_annotations->length() == 0) {
2745       // this method does not have any annotations so skip it
2746       continue;
2747     }
2748 
2749     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("methods type_annotations length=%d", method_type_annotations->length());
2750 
2751     int byte_i = 0;  // byte index into method_type_annotations
2752     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(method_type_annotations,
2753            byte_i, "method_info")) {
2754       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad method_type_annotations at %d", i);
2755       // propagate failure back to caller
2756       return false;
2757     }
2758   }
2759 
2760   return true;
2761 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_methods_type_annotations()
2762 
2763 
2764 // Rewrite constant pool references in a type_annotations
2765 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the
2766 // RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations_attribute described in
2767 // section 4.7.20 of the Java SE 8 Edition of the VM spec:
2768 //
2769 // type_annotations_typeArray {
2770 //   u2              num_annotations;
2771 //   type_annotation annotations[num_annotations];
2772 // }
2773 //
2774 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray(
2775        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2776        const char * location_mesg) {
2777 
2778   if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2779     // not enough room for num_annotations field
2780     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for num_annotations field");
2781     return false;
2782   }
2783 
2784   u2 num_annotations = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2785                          type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2786   byte_i_ref += 2;
2787 
2788   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("num_type_annotations=%d", num_annotations);
2789 
2790   int calc_num_annotations = 0;
2791   for (; calc_num_annotations < num_annotations; calc_num_annotations++) {
2792     if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotation_struct(type_annotations_typeArray,
2793            byte_i_ref, location_mesg)) {
2794       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("bad type_annotation_struct at %d", calc_num_annotations);
2795       // propagate failure back to caller
2796       return false;
2797     }
2798   }
2799   assert(num_annotations == calc_num_annotations, "sanity check");
2800 
2801   if (byte_i_ref != type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2802     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2803       ("read wrong amount of bytes at end of processing type_annotations_typeArray (%d of %d bytes were read)",
2804        byte_i_ref, type_annotations_typeArray->length());
2805     return false;
2806   }
2807 
2808   return true;
2809 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotations_typeArray()
2810 
2811 
2812 // Rewrite constant pool references in a type_annotation
2813 // field. This "structure" is adapted from the
2814 // RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations_attribute described in
2815 // section 4.7.20 of the Java SE 8 Edition of the VM spec:
2816 //
2817 // type_annotation {
2818 //   u1 target_type;
2819 //   union {
2820 //     type_parameter_target;
2821 //     supertype_target;
2822 //     type_parameter_bound_target;
2823 //     empty_target;
2824 //     method_formal_parameter_target;
2825 //     throws_target;
2826 //     localvar_target;
2827 //     catch_target;
2828 //     offset_target;
2829 //     type_argument_target;
2830 //   } target_info;
2831 //   type_path target_path;
2832 //   annotation anno;
2833 // }
2834 //
2835 bool VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotation_struct(
2836        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2837        const char * location_mesg) {
2838 
2839   if (!skip_type_annotation_target(type_annotations_typeArray,
2840          byte_i_ref, location_mesg)) {
2841     return false;
2842   }
2843 
2844   if (!skip_type_annotation_type_path(type_annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2845     return false;
2846   }
2847 
2848   if (!rewrite_cp_refs_in_annotation_struct(type_annotations_typeArray, byte_i_ref)) {
2849     return false;
2850   }
2851 
2852   return true;
2853 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_type_annotation_struct()
2854 
2855 
2856 // Read, verify and skip over the target_type and target_info part
2857 // so that rewriting can continue in the later parts of the struct.
2858 //
2859 // u1 target_type;
2860 // union {
2861 //   type_parameter_target;
2862 //   supertype_target;
2863 //   type_parameter_bound_target;
2864 //   empty_target;
2865 //   method_formal_parameter_target;
2866 //   throws_target;
2867 //   localvar_target;
2868 //   catch_target;
2869 //   offset_target;
2870 //   type_argument_target;
2871 // } target_info;
2872 //
2873 bool VM_RedefineClasses::skip_type_annotation_target(
2874        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref,
2875        const char * location_mesg) {
2876 
2877   if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2878     // not enough room for a target_type let alone the rest of a type_annotation
2879     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a target_type");
2880     return false;
2881   }
2882 
2883   u1 target_type = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2884   byte_i_ref += 1;
2885   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("target_type=0x%.2x", target_type);
2886   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("location=%s", location_mesg);
2887 
2888   // Skip over target_info
2889   switch (target_type) {
2890     case 0x00:
2891     // kind: type parameter declaration of generic class or interface
2892     // location: ClassFile
2893     case 0x01:
2894     // kind: type parameter declaration of generic method or constructor
2895     // location: method_info
2896 
2897     {
2898       // struct:
2899       // type_parameter_target {
2900       //   u1 type_parameter_index;
2901       // }
2902       //
2903       if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2904         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_parameter_target");
2905         return false;
2906       }
2907 
2908       u1 type_parameter_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2909       byte_i_ref += 1;
2910 
2911       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("type_parameter_target: type_parameter_index=%d", type_parameter_index);
2912     } break;
2913 
2914     case 0x10:
2915     // kind: type in extends clause of class or interface declaration
2916     //       or in implements clause of interface declaration
2917     // location: ClassFile
2918 
2919     {
2920       // struct:
2921       // supertype_target {
2922       //   u2 supertype_index;
2923       // }
2924       //
2925       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2926         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a supertype_target");
2927         return false;
2928       }
2929 
2930       u2 supertype_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
2931                              type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
2932       byte_i_ref += 2;
2933 
2934       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("supertype_target: supertype_index=%d", supertype_index);
2935     } break;
2936 
2937     case 0x11:
2938     // kind: type in bound of type parameter declaration of generic class or interface
2939     // location: ClassFile
2940     case 0x12:
2941     // kind: type in bound of type parameter declaration of generic method or constructor
2942     // location: method_info
2943 
2944     {
2945       // struct:
2946       // type_parameter_bound_target {
2947       //   u1 type_parameter_index;
2948       //   u1 bound_index;
2949       // }
2950       //
2951       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2952         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_parameter_bound_target");
2953         return false;
2954       }
2955 
2956       u1 type_parameter_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2957       byte_i_ref += 1;
2958       u1 bound_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2959       byte_i_ref += 1;
2960 
2961       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
2962         ("type_parameter_bound_target: type_parameter_index=%d, bound_index=%d", type_parameter_index, bound_index);
2963     } break;
2964 
2965     case 0x13:
2966     // kind: type in field declaration
2967     // location: field_info
2968     case 0x14:
2969     // kind: return type of method, or type of newly constructed object
2970     // location: method_info
2971     case 0x15:
2972     // kind: receiver type of method or constructor
2973     // location: method_info
2974 
2975     {
2976       // struct:
2977       // empty_target {
2978       // }
2979       //
2980       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("empty_target");
2981     } break;
2982 
2983     case 0x16:
2984     // kind: type in formal parameter declaration of method, constructor, or lambda expression
2985     // location: method_info
2986 
2987     {
2988       // struct:
2989       // formal_parameter_target {
2990       //   u1 formal_parameter_index;
2991       // }
2992       //
2993       if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
2994         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a formal_parameter_target");
2995         return false;
2996       }
2997 
2998       u1 formal_parameter_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
2999       byte_i_ref += 1;
3000 
3001       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3002         ("formal_parameter_target: formal_parameter_index=%d", formal_parameter_index);
3003     } break;
3004 
3005     case 0x17:
3006     // kind: type in throws clause of method or constructor
3007     // location: method_info
3008 
3009     {
3010       // struct:
3011       // throws_target {
3012       //   u2 throws_type_index
3013       // }
3014       //
3015       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3016         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a throws_target");
3017         return false;
3018       }
3019 
3020       u2 throws_type_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3021                                type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3022       byte_i_ref += 2;
3023 
3024       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("throws_target: throws_type_index=%d", throws_type_index);
3025     } break;
3026 
3027     case 0x40:
3028     // kind: type in local variable declaration
3029     // location: Code
3030     case 0x41:
3031     // kind: type in resource variable declaration
3032     // location: Code
3033 
3034     {
3035       // struct:
3036       // localvar_target {
3037       //   u2 table_length;
3038       //   struct {
3039       //     u2 start_pc;
3040       //     u2 length;
3041       //     u2 index;
3042       //   } table[table_length];
3043       // }
3044       //
3045       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3046         // not enough room for a table_length let alone the rest of a localvar_target
3047         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a localvar_target table_length");
3048         return false;
3049       }
3050 
3051       u2 table_length = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3052                           type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3053       byte_i_ref += 2;
3054 
3055       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("localvar_target: table_length=%d", table_length);
3056 
3057       int table_struct_size = 2 + 2 + 2; // 3 u2 variables per table entry
3058       int table_size = table_length * table_struct_size;
3059 
3060       if ((byte_i_ref + table_size) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3061         // not enough room for a table
3062         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a table array of length %d", table_length);
3063         return false;
3064       }
3065 
3066       // Skip over table
3067       byte_i_ref += table_size;
3068     } break;
3069 
3070     case 0x42:
3071     // kind: type in exception parameter declaration
3072     // location: Code
3073 
3074     {
3075       // struct:
3076       // catch_target {
3077       //   u2 exception_table_index;
3078       // }
3079       //
3080       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3081         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a catch_target");
3082         return false;
3083       }
3084 
3085       u2 exception_table_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3086                                    type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3087       byte_i_ref += 2;
3088 
3089       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("catch_target: exception_table_index=%d", exception_table_index);
3090     } break;
3091 
3092     case 0x43:
3093     // kind: type in instanceof expression
3094     // location: Code
3095     case 0x44:
3096     // kind: type in new expression
3097     // location: Code
3098     case 0x45:
3099     // kind: type in method reference expression using ::new
3100     // location: Code
3101     case 0x46:
3102     // kind: type in method reference expression using ::Identifier
3103     // location: Code
3104 
3105     {
3106       // struct:
3107       // offset_target {
3108       //   u2 offset;
3109       // }
3110       //
3111       if ((byte_i_ref + 2) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3112         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a offset_target");
3113         return false;
3114       }
3115 
3116       u2 offset = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3117                     type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3118       byte_i_ref += 2;
3119 
3120       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("offset_target: offset=%d", offset);
3121     } break;
3122 
3123     case 0x47:
3124     // kind: type in cast expression
3125     // location: Code
3126     case 0x48:
3127     // kind: type argument for generic constructor in new expression or
3128     //       explicit constructor invocation statement
3129     // location: Code
3130     case 0x49:
3131     // kind: type argument for generic method in method invocation expression
3132     // location: Code
3133     case 0x4A:
3134     // kind: type argument for generic constructor in method reference expression using ::new
3135     // location: Code
3136     case 0x4B:
3137     // kind: type argument for generic method in method reference expression using ::Identifier
3138     // location: Code
3139 
3140     {
3141       // struct:
3142       // type_argument_target {
3143       //   u2 offset;
3144       //   u1 type_argument_index;
3145       // }
3146       //
3147       if ((byte_i_ref + 3) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3148         log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_argument_target");
3149         return false;
3150       }
3151 
3152       u2 offset = Bytes::get_Java_u2((address)
3153                     type_annotations_typeArray->adr_at(byte_i_ref));
3154       byte_i_ref += 2;
3155       u1 type_argument_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3156       byte_i_ref += 1;
3157 
3158       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3159         ("type_argument_target: offset=%d, type_argument_index=%d", offset, type_argument_index);
3160     } break;
3161 
3162     default:
3163       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("unknown target_type");
3164 #ifdef ASSERT
3165       ShouldNotReachHere();
3166 #endif
3167       return false;
3168   }
3169 
3170   return true;
3171 } // end skip_type_annotation_target()
3172 
3173 
3174 // Read, verify and skip over the type_path part so that rewriting
3175 // can continue in the later parts of the struct.
3176 //
3177 // type_path {
3178 //   u1 path_length;
3179 //   {
3180 //     u1 type_path_kind;
3181 //     u1 type_argument_index;
3182 //   } path[path_length];
3183 // }
3184 //
3185 bool VM_RedefineClasses::skip_type_annotation_type_path(
3186        AnnotationArray* type_annotations_typeArray, int &byte_i_ref) {
3187 
3188   if ((byte_i_ref + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3189     // not enough room for a path_length let alone the rest of the type_path
3190     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("length() is too small for a type_path");
3191     return false;
3192   }
3193 
3194   u1 path_length = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3195   byte_i_ref += 1;
3196 
3197   log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("type_path: path_length=%d", path_length);
3198 
3199   int calc_path_length = 0;
3200   for (; calc_path_length < path_length; calc_path_length++) {
3201     if ((byte_i_ref + 1 + 1) > type_annotations_typeArray->length()) {
3202       // not enough room for a path
3203       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3204         ("length() is too small for path entry %d of %d", calc_path_length, path_length);
3205       return false;
3206     }
3207 
3208     u1 type_path_kind = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3209     byte_i_ref += 1;
3210     u1 type_argument_index = type_annotations_typeArray->at(byte_i_ref);
3211     byte_i_ref += 1;
3212 
3213     log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)
3214       ("type_path: path[%d]: type_path_kind=%d, type_argument_index=%d",
3215        calc_path_length, type_path_kind, type_argument_index);
3216 
3217     if (type_path_kind > 3 || (type_path_kind != 3 && type_argument_index != 0)) {
3218       // not enough room for a path
3219       log_debug(redefine, class, annotation)("inconsistent type_path values");
3220       return false;
3221     }
3222   }
3223   assert(path_length == calc_path_length, "sanity check");
3224 
3225   return true;
3226 } // end skip_type_annotation_type_path()
3227 
3228 
3229 // Rewrite constant pool references in the method's stackmap table.
3230 // These "structures" are adapted from the StackMapTable_attribute that
3231 // is described in section 4.8.4 of the 6.0 version of the VM spec
3232 // (dated 2005.10.26):
3233 // file:///net/quincunx.sfbay/export/gbracha/ClassFile-Java6.pdf
3234 //
3235 // stack_map {
3236 //   u2 number_of_entries;
3237 //   stack_map_frame entries[number_of_entries];
3238 // }
3239 //
3240 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_stack_map_table(
3241        const methodHandle& method) {
3242 
3243   if (!method->has_stackmap_table()) {
3244     return;
3245   }
3246 
3247   AnnotationArray* stackmap_data = method->stackmap_data();
3248   address stackmap_p = (address)stackmap_data->adr_at(0);
3249   address stackmap_end = stackmap_p + stackmap_data->length();
3250 
3251   assert(stackmap_p + 2 <= stackmap_end, "no room for number_of_entries");
3252   u2 number_of_entries = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p);
3253   stackmap_p += 2;
3254 
3255   log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("number_of_entries=%u", number_of_entries);
3256 
3257   // walk through each stack_map_frame
3258   u2 calc_number_of_entries = 0;
3259   for (; calc_number_of_entries < number_of_entries; calc_number_of_entries++) {
3260     // The stack_map_frame structure is a u1 frame_type followed by
3261     // 0 or more bytes of data:
3262     //
3263     // union stack_map_frame {
3264     //   same_frame;
3265     //   same_locals_1_stack_item_frame;
3266     //   same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended;
3267     //   chop_frame;
3268     //   same_frame_extended;
3269     //   append_frame;
3270     //   full_frame;
3271     // }
3272 
3273     assert(stackmap_p + 1 <= stackmap_end, "no room for frame_type");
3274     u1 frame_type = *stackmap_p;
3275     stackmap_p++;
3276 
3277    if (frame_type == 246) {  // EARLY_LARVAL
3278      // rewrite_cp_refs in  unset fields and fall through.
3279      rewrite_cp_refs_in_early_larval_stackmaps(stackmap_p, stackmap_end, calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3280      // The larval frames point to the next frame, so advance to the next frame and fall through.
3281      frame_type = *stackmap_p;
3282      stackmap_p++;
3283    }
3284 
3285     // same_frame {
3286     //   u1 frame_type = SAME; /* 0-63 */
3287     // }
3288     if (frame_type <= StackMapReader::SAME_FRAME_END) {
3289       // nothing more to do for same_frame
3290     }
3291 
3292     // same_locals_1_stack_item_frame {
3293     //   u1 frame_type = SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM; /* 64-127 */
3294     //   verification_type_info stack[1];
3295     // }
3296     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_START &&
3297              frame_type <= StackMapReader::SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_FRAME_END) {
3298       rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3299         calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3300     }
3301 
3302     // reserved for future use
3303     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::RESERVED_START &&
3304              frame_type <= StackMapReader::RESERVED_END) {
3305       // nothing more to do for reserved frame_types
3306     }
3307 
3308     // same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended {
3309     //   u1 frame_type = SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_EXTENDED; /* 247 */
3310     //   u2 offset_delta;
3311     //   verification_type_info stack[1];
3312     // }
3313     else if (frame_type == StackMapReader::SAME_LOCALS_1_STACK_ITEM_EXTENDED) {
3314       stackmap_p += 2;
3315       rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3316         calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3317     }
3318 
3319     // chop_frame {
3320     //   u1 frame_type = CHOP; /* 248-250 */
3321     //   u2 offset_delta;
3322     // }
3323     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::CHOP_FRAME_START &&
3324              frame_type <= StackMapReader::CHOP_FRAME_END) {
3325       stackmap_p += 2;
3326     }
3327 
3328     // same_frame_extended {
3329     //   u1 frame_type = SAME_EXTENDED; /* 251 */
3330     //   u2 offset_delta;
3331     // }
3332     else if (frame_type == StackMapReader::SAME_FRAME_EXTENDED) {
3333       stackmap_p += 2;
3334     }
3335 
3336     // append_frame {
3337     //   u1 frame_type = APPEND; /* 252-254 */
3338     //   u2 offset_delta;
3339     //   verification_type_info locals[frame_type - SAME_EXTENDED];
3340     // }
3341     else if (frame_type >= StackMapReader::APPEND_FRAME_START &&
3342              frame_type <= StackMapReader::APPEND_FRAME_END) {
3343       assert(stackmap_p + 2 <= stackmap_end,
3344         "no room for offset_delta");
3345       stackmap_p += 2;
3346       u1 len = frame_type - StackMapReader::APPEND_FRAME_START + 1;
3347       for (u1 i = 0; i < len; i++) {
3348         rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3349           calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3350       }
3351     }
3352 
3353     // full_frame {
3354     //   u1 frame_type = FULL_FRAME; /* 255 */
3355     //   u2 offset_delta;
3356     //   u2 number_of_locals;
3357     //   verification_type_info locals[number_of_locals];
3358     //   u2 number_of_stack_items;
3359     //   verification_type_info stack[number_of_stack_items];
3360     // }
3361     else if (frame_type == StackMapReader::FULL_FRAME) {
3362       assert(stackmap_p + 2 + 2 <= stackmap_end,
3363         "no room for smallest full_frame");
3364       stackmap_p += 2;
3365 
3366       u2 number_of_locals = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p);
3367       stackmap_p += 2;
3368 
3369       for (u2 locals_i = 0; locals_i < number_of_locals; locals_i++) {
3370         rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3371           calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3372       }
3373 
3374       // Use the largest size for the number_of_stack_items, but only get
3375       // the right number of bytes.
3376       u2 number_of_stack_items = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p);
3377       stackmap_p += 2;
3378 
3379       for (u2 stack_i = 0; stack_i < number_of_stack_items; stack_i++) {
3380         rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(stackmap_p, stackmap_end,
3381           calc_number_of_entries, frame_type);
3382       }
3383     }
3384   } // end while there is a stack_map_frame
3385   assert(number_of_entries == calc_number_of_entries, "sanity check");
3386 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_stack_map_table()
3387 
3388 
3389 // Rewrite constant pool references in the verification type info
3390 // portion of the method's stackmap table. These "structures" are
3391 // adapted from the StackMapTable_attribute that is described in
3392 // section 4.8.4 of the 6.0 version of the VM spec (dated 2005.10.26):
3393 // file:///net/quincunx.sfbay/export/gbracha/ClassFile-Java6.pdf
3394 //
3395 // The verification_type_info structure is a u1 tag followed by 0 or
3396 // more bytes of data:
3397 //
3398 // union verification_type_info {
3399 //   Top_variable_info;
3400 //   Integer_variable_info;
3401 //   Float_variable_info;
3402 //   Long_variable_info;
3403 //   Double_variable_info;
3404 //   Null_variable_info;
3405 //   UninitializedThis_variable_info;
3406 //   Object_variable_info;
3407 //   Uninitialized_variable_info;
3408 // }
3409 //
3410 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info(
3411        address& stackmap_p_ref, address stackmap_end, u2 frame_i,
3412        u1 frame_type) {
3413 
3414   assert(stackmap_p_ref + 1 <= stackmap_end, "no room for tag");
3415   u1 tag = *stackmap_p_ref;
3416   stackmap_p_ref++;
3417 
3418   switch (tag) {
3419   // Top_variable_info {
3420   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Top; /* 0 */
3421   // }
3422   // verificationType.hpp has zero as ITEM_Bogus instead of ITEM_Top
3423   case 0:  // fall through
3424 
3425   // Integer_variable_info {
3426   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Integer; /* 1 */
3427   // }
3428   case ITEM_Integer:  // fall through
3429 
3430   // Float_variable_info {
3431   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Float; /* 2 */
3432   // }
3433   case ITEM_Float:  // fall through
3434 
3435   // Double_variable_info {
3436   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Double; /* 3 */
3437   // }
3438   case ITEM_Double:  // fall through
3439 
3440   // Long_variable_info {
3441   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Long; /* 4 */
3442   // }
3443   case ITEM_Long:  // fall through
3444 
3445   // Null_variable_info {
3446   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Null; /* 5 */
3447   // }
3448   case ITEM_Null:  // fall through
3449 
3450   // UninitializedThis_variable_info {
3451   //   u1 tag = ITEM_UninitializedThis; /* 6 */
3452   // }
3453   case ITEM_UninitializedThis:
3454     // nothing more to do for the above tag types
3455     break;
3456 
3457   // Object_variable_info {
3458   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Object; /* 7 */
3459   //   u2 cpool_index;
3460   // }
3461   case ITEM_Object:
3462   {
3463     assert(stackmap_p_ref + 2 <= stackmap_end, "no room for cpool_index");
3464     u2 cpool_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref);
3465     u2 new_cp_index = find_new_index(cpool_index);
3466     if (new_cp_index != 0) {
3467       log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("mapped old cpool_index=%d", cpool_index);
3468       Bytes::put_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref, new_cp_index);
3469       cpool_index = new_cp_index;
3470     }
3471     stackmap_p_ref += 2;
3472 
3473     log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)
3474       ("frame_i=%u, frame_type=%u, cpool_index=%d", frame_i, frame_type, cpool_index);
3475   } break;
3476 
3477   // Uninitialized_variable_info {
3478   //   u1 tag = ITEM_Uninitialized; /* 8 */
3479   //   u2 offset;
3480   // }
3481   case ITEM_Uninitialized:
3482     assert(stackmap_p_ref + 2 <= stackmap_end, "no room for offset");
3483     stackmap_p_ref += 2;
3484     break;
3485 
3486   default:
3487     log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("frame_i=%u, frame_type=%u, bad tag=0x%x", frame_i, frame_type, tag);
3488     ShouldNotReachHere();
3489     break;
3490   } // end switch (tag)
3491 } // end rewrite_cp_refs_in_verification_type_info()
3492 
3493 
3494 void VM_RedefineClasses::rewrite_cp_refs_in_early_larval_stackmaps(
3495        address& stackmap_p_ref, address stackmap_end, u2 frame_i,
3496        u1 frame_type) {
3497 
3498     u2 num_early_larval_stackmaps = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref);
3499     stackmap_p_ref += 2;
3500 
3501     for (u2 i = 0; i < num_early_larval_stackmaps; i++) {
3502 
3503       u2 name_and_ref_index = Bytes::get_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref);
3504       u2 new_cp_index = find_new_index(name_and_ref_index);
3505       if (new_cp_index != 0) {
3506         log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)("mapped old name_and_ref_index=%d", name_and_ref_index);
3507         Bytes::put_Java_u2(stackmap_p_ref, new_cp_index);
3508         name_and_ref_index = new_cp_index;
3509       }
3510       log_debug(redefine, class, stackmap)
3511         ("frame_i=%u, frame_type=%u, name_and_ref_index=%d", frame_i, frame_type, name_and_ref_index);
3512 
3513       stackmap_p_ref += 2;
3514     }
3515 } // rewrite_cp_refs_in_early_larval_stackmaps
3516 
3517 // Change the constant pool associated with klass scratch_class to scratch_cp.
3518 // scratch_cp_length elements are copied from scratch_cp to a smaller constant pool
3519 // and the smaller constant pool is associated with scratch_class.
3520 void VM_RedefineClasses::set_new_constant_pool(
3521        ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
3522        InstanceKlass* scratch_class, constantPoolHandle scratch_cp,
3523        int scratch_cp_length, TRAPS) {
3524   assert(scratch_cp->length() >= scratch_cp_length, "sanity check");
3525 
3526   // scratch_cp is a merged constant pool and has enough space for a
3527   // worst case merge situation. We want to associate the minimum
3528   // sized constant pool with the klass to save space.
3529   ConstantPool* cp = ConstantPool::allocate(loader_data, scratch_cp_length, CHECK);
3530   constantPoolHandle smaller_cp(THREAD, cp);
3531 
3532   // preserve version() value in the smaller copy
3533   int version = scratch_cp->version();
3534   assert(version != 0, "sanity check");
3535   smaller_cp->set_version(version);
3536 
3537   // attach klass to new constant pool
3538   // reference to the cp holder is needed for reallocating the BSM attribute
3539   smaller_cp->set_pool_holder(scratch_class);
3540 
3541   smaller_cp->copy_fields(scratch_cp());
3542 
3543   scratch_cp->copy_cp_to(1, scratch_cp_length - 1, smaller_cp, 1, THREAD);
3544   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
3545     // Exception is handled in the caller
3546     loader_data->add_to_deallocate_list(smaller_cp());
3547     return;
3548   }
3549   scratch_cp = smaller_cp;
3550 
3551   // attach new constant pool to klass
3552   scratch_class->set_constants(scratch_cp());
3553   scratch_cp->initialize_unresolved_klasses(loader_data, CHECK);
3554 
3555   int i;  // for portability
3556 
3557   // update each field in klass to use new constant pool indices as needed
3558   int java_fields;
3559   int injected_fields;
3560   bool update_required = false;
3561   GrowableArray<FieldInfo>* fields = FieldInfoStream::create_FieldInfoArray(scratch_class->fieldinfo_stream(), &java_fields, &injected_fields);
3562   for (int i = 0; i < java_fields; i++) {
3563     FieldInfo* fi = fields->adr_at(i);
3564     jshort cur_index = fi->name_index();
3565     jshort new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3566     if (new_index != 0) {
3567       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-name_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3568       fi->set_name_index(new_index);
3569       update_required = true;
3570     }
3571     cur_index = fi->signature_index();
3572     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3573     if (new_index != 0) {
3574       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-signature_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3575       fi->set_signature_index(new_index);
3576       update_required = true;
3577     }
3578     cur_index = fi->initializer_index();
3579     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3580     if (new_index != 0) {
3581       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-initval_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3582       fi->set_initializer_index(new_index);
3583       update_required = true;
3584     }
3585     cur_index = fi->generic_signature_index();
3586     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3587     if (new_index != 0) {
3588       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("field-generic_signature change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3589       fi->set_generic_signature_index(new_index);
3590       update_required = true;
3591     }
3592   }
3593   if (update_required) {
3594     Array<u1>* old_stream = scratch_class->fieldinfo_stream();
3595     assert(fields->length() == (java_fields + injected_fields), "Must be");
3596     Array<u1>* new_fis = FieldInfoStream::create_FieldInfoStream(fields, java_fields, injected_fields, scratch_class->class_loader_data(), CHECK);
3597     scratch_class->set_fieldinfo_stream(new_fis);
3598     MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(scratch_class->class_loader_data(), old_stream);
3599 
3600     Array<u1>* old_table = scratch_class->fieldinfo_search_table();
3601     Array<u1>* search_table = FieldInfoStream::create_search_table(scratch_class->constants(), new_fis, scratch_class->class_loader_data(), CHECK);
3602     scratch_class->set_fieldinfo_search_table(search_table);
3603     MetadataFactory::free_array<u1>(scratch_class->class_loader_data(), old_table);
3604 
3605     DEBUG_ONLY(FieldInfoStream::validate_search_table(scratch_class->constants(), new_fis, search_table));
3606   }
3607 
3608   // Update constant pool indices in the inner classes info to use
3609   // new constant indices as needed. The inner classes info is a
3610   // quadruple:
3611   // (inner_class_info, outer_class_info, inner_name, inner_access_flags)
3612   InnerClassesIterator iter(scratch_class);
3613   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
3614     int cur_index = iter.inner_class_info_index();
3615     if (cur_index == 0) {
3616       continue;  // JVM spec. allows null inner class refs so skip it
3617     }
3618     u2 new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3619     if (new_index != 0) {
3620       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("inner_class_info change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3621       iter.set_inner_class_info_index(new_index);
3622     }
3623     cur_index = iter.outer_class_info_index();
3624     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3625     if (new_index != 0) {
3626       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("outer_class_info change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3627       iter.set_outer_class_info_index(new_index);
3628     }
3629     cur_index = iter.inner_name_index();
3630     new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3631     if (new_index != 0) {
3632       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("inner_name change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3633       iter.set_inner_name_index(new_index);
3634     }
3635   } // end for each inner class
3636 
3637   // Attach each method in klass to the new constant pool and update
3638   // to use new constant pool indices as needed:
3639   Array<Method*>* methods = scratch_class->methods();
3640   for (i = methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
3641     methodHandle method(THREAD, methods->at(i));
3642     method->set_constants(scratch_cp());
3643 
3644     u2 new_index = find_new_index(method->name_index());
3645     if (new_index != 0) {
3646       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
3647         ("method-name_index change: %d to %d", method->name_index(), new_index);
3648       method->set_name_index(new_index);
3649     }
3650     new_index = find_new_index(method->signature_index());
3651     if (new_index != 0) {
3652       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
3653         ("method-signature_index change: %d to %d", method->signature_index(), new_index);
3654       method->set_signature_index(new_index);
3655     }
3656     new_index = find_new_index(method->generic_signature_index());
3657     if (new_index != 0) {
3658       log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)
3659         ("method-generic_signature_index change: %d to %d", method->generic_signature_index(), new_index);
3660       method->constMethod()->set_generic_signature_index(new_index);
3661     }
3662 
3663     // Update constant pool indices in the method's checked exception
3664     // table to use new constant indices as needed.
3665     int cext_length = method->checked_exceptions_length();
3666     if (cext_length > 0) {
3667       CheckedExceptionElement * cext_table =
3668         method->checked_exceptions_start();
3669       for (int j = 0; j < cext_length; j++) {
3670         int cur_index = cext_table[j].class_cp_index;
3671         int new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3672         if (new_index != 0) {
3673           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("cext-class_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3674           cext_table[j].class_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3675         }
3676       } // end for each checked exception table entry
3677     } // end if there are checked exception table entries
3678 
3679     // Update each catch type index in the method's exception table
3680     // to use new constant pool indices as needed. The exception table
3681     // holds quadruple entries of the form:
3682     //   (beg_bci, end_bci, handler_bci, klass_index)
3683 
3684     ExceptionTable ex_table(method());
3685     int ext_length = ex_table.length();
3686 
3687     for (int j = 0; j < ext_length; j ++) {
3688       int cur_index = ex_table.catch_type_index(j);
3689       u2 new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3690       if (new_index != 0) {
3691         log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("ext-klass_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3692         ex_table.set_catch_type_index(j, new_index);
3693       }
3694     } // end for each exception table entry
3695 
3696     // Update constant pool indices in the method's local variable
3697     // table to use new constant indices as needed. The local variable
3698     // table hold sextuple entries of the form:
3699     // (start_pc, length, name_index, descriptor_index, signature_index, slot)
3700     int lvt_length = method->localvariable_table_length();
3701     if (lvt_length > 0) {
3702       LocalVariableTableElement * lv_table =
3703         method->localvariable_table_start();
3704       for (int j = 0; j < lvt_length; j++) {
3705         int cur_index = lv_table[j].name_cp_index;
3706         int new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3707         if (new_index != 0) {
3708           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("lvt-name_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3709           lv_table[j].name_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3710         }
3711         cur_index = lv_table[j].descriptor_cp_index;
3712         new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3713         if (new_index != 0) {
3714           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("lvt-descriptor_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3715           lv_table[j].descriptor_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3716         }
3717         cur_index = lv_table[j].signature_cp_index;
3718         new_index = find_new_index(cur_index);
3719         if (new_index != 0) {
3720           log_trace(redefine, class, constantpool)("lvt-signature_cp_index change: %d to %d", cur_index, new_index);
3721           lv_table[j].signature_cp_index = (u2)new_index;
3722         }
3723       } // end for each local variable table entry
3724     } // end if there are local variable table entries
3725 
3726     // Update constant pool indices in the method's method_parameters.
3727     int mp_length = method->method_parameters_length();
3728     if (mp_length > 0) {
3729       MethodParametersElement* elem = method->method_parameters_start();
3730       for (int j = 0; j < mp_length; j++) {
3731         const int cp_index = elem[j].name_cp_index;
3732         const int new_cp_index = find_new_index(cp_index);
3733         if (new_cp_index != 0) {
3734           elem[j].name_cp_index = (u2)new_cp_index;
3735         }
3736       }
3737     }
3738 
3739     rewrite_cp_refs_in_stack_map_table(method);
3740   } // end for each method
3741 } // end set_new_constant_pool()
3742 
3743 
3744 // Unevolving classes may point to methods of the_class directly
3745 // from their constant pool caches, itables, and/or vtables. We
3746 // use the ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do() facility and this helper
3747 // to fix up these pointers.  MethodData also points to old methods and
3748 // must be cleaned.
3749 
3750 // Adjust cpools and vtables closure
3751 void VM_RedefineClasses::AdjustAndCleanMetadata::do_klass(Klass* k) {
3752 
3753   // This is a very busy routine. We don't want too much tracing
3754   // printed out.
3755   bool trace_name_printed = false;
3756 
3757   // If the class being redefined is java.lang.Object, we need to fix all
3758   // array class vtables also. The _has_redefined_Object flag is global.
3759   // Once the java.lang.Object has been redefined (by the current or one
3760   // of the previous VM_RedefineClasses operations) we have to always
3761   // adjust method entries for array classes.
3762   if (k->is_array_klass() && _has_redefined_Object) {
3763     k->vtable().adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3764 
3765   } else if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
3766     HandleMark hm(_thread);
3767     InstanceKlass *ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
3768 
3769     // Clean MethodData of this class's methods so they don't refer to
3770     // old methods that are no longer running.
3771     Array<Method*>* methods = ik->methods();
3772     int num_methods = methods->length();
3773     for (int index = 0; index < num_methods; ++index) {
3774       if (methods->at(index)->method_data() != nullptr) {
3775         methods->at(index)->method_data()->clean_weak_method_links();
3776       }
3777     }
3778 
3779     // Adjust all vtables, default methods and itables, to clean out old methods.
3780     ResourceMark rm(_thread);
3781     if (ik->vtable_length() > 0) {
3782       ik->vtable().adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3783       ik->adjust_default_methods(&trace_name_printed);
3784     }
3785 
3786     if (ik->itable_length() > 0) {
3787       ik->itable().adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3788     }
3789 
3790     // The constant pools in other classes (other_cp) can refer to
3791     // old methods.  We have to update method information in
3792     // other_cp's cache. If other_cp has a previous version, then we
3793     // have to repeat the process for each previous version. The
3794     // constant pool cache holds the Method*s for non-virtual
3795     // methods and for virtual, final methods.
3796     //
3797     // Special case: if the current class is being redefined by the current
3798     // VM_RedefineClasses operation, then new_cp has already been attached
3799     // to the_class and old_cp has already been added as a previous version.
3800     // The new_cp doesn't have any cached references to old methods so it
3801     // doesn't need to be updated and we could optimize by skipping it.
3802     // However, the current class can be marked as being redefined by another
3803     // VM_RedefineClasses operation which has already executed its doit_prologue
3804     // and needs cpcache method entries adjusted. For simplicity, the cpcache
3805     // update is done unconditionally. It should result in doing nothing for
3806     // classes being redefined by the current VM_RedefineClasses operation.
3807     // Method entries in the previous version(s) are adjusted as well.
3808     ConstantPoolCache* cp_cache;
3809 
3810     // this klass' constant pool cache may need adjustment
3811     ConstantPool* other_cp = ik->constants();
3812     cp_cache = other_cp->cache();
3813     if (cp_cache != nullptr) {
3814       cp_cache->adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3815     }
3816 
3817     // the previous versions' constant pool caches may need adjustment
3818     for (InstanceKlass* pv_node = ik->previous_versions();
3819          pv_node != nullptr;
3820          pv_node = pv_node->previous_versions()) {
3821       cp_cache = pv_node->constants()->cache();
3822       if (cp_cache != nullptr) {
3823         cp_cache->adjust_method_entries(&trace_name_printed);
3824       }
3825     }
3826   }
3827 }
3828 
3829 void VM_RedefineClasses::update_jmethod_ids() {
3830   for (int j = 0; j < _matching_methods_length; ++j) {
3831     Method* old_method = _matching_old_methods[j];
3832     // The method_idnum should be within the range of 1..number-of-methods
3833     // until incremented later for obsolete methods.
3834     // The increment is so if a jmethodID is created for an old obsolete method
3835     // it gets a new jmethodID cache slot in the InstanceKlass.
3836     // They're cleaned out later when all methods of the previous version are purged.
3837     assert(old_method->method_idnum() <= _old_methods->length(),
3838            "shouldn't be incremented yet for obsolete methods");
3839     jmethodID jmid = old_method->find_jmethod_id_or_null();
3840     if (jmid != nullptr) {
3841       // There is a jmethodID, change it to point to the new method
3842       Method* new_method = _matching_new_methods[j];
3843       Method::change_method_associated_with_jmethod_id(jmid, new_method);
3844       assert(Method::resolve_jmethod_id(jmid) == _matching_new_methods[j],
3845              "should be replaced");
3846     }
3847   }
3848 }
3849 
3850 int VM_RedefineClasses::check_methods_and_mark_as_obsolete() {
3851   int emcp_method_count = 0;
3852   int obsolete_count = 0;
3853   int old_index = 0;
3854   for (int j = 0; j < _matching_methods_length; ++j, ++old_index) {
3855     Method* old_method = _matching_old_methods[j];
3856     Method* new_method = _matching_new_methods[j];
3857     Method* old_array_method;
3858 
3859     // Maintain an old_index into the _old_methods array by skipping
3860     // deleted methods
3861     while ((old_array_method = _old_methods->at(old_index)) != old_method) {
3862       ++old_index;
3863     }
3864 
3865     if (MethodComparator::methods_EMCP(old_method, new_method)) {
3866       // The EMCP definition from JSR-163 requires the bytecodes to be
3867       // the same with the exception of constant pool indices which may
3868       // differ. However, the constants referred to by those indices
3869       // must be the same.
3870       //
3871       // We use methods_EMCP() for comparison since constant pool
3872       // merging can remove duplicate constant pool entries that were
3873       // present in the old method and removed from the rewritten new
3874       // method. A faster binary comparison function would consider the
3875       // old and new methods to be different when they are actually
3876       // EMCP.
3877       //
3878       // The old and new methods are EMCP and you would think that we
3879       // could get rid of one of them here and now and save some space.
3880       // However, the concept of EMCP only considers the bytecodes and
3881       // the constant pool entries in the comparison. Other things,
3882       // e.g., the line number table (LNT) or the local variable table
3883       // (LVT) don't count in the comparison. So the new (and EMCP)
3884       // method can have a new LNT that we need so we can't just
3885       // overwrite the new method with the old method.
3886       //
3887       // When this routine is called, we have already attached the new
3888       // methods to the_class so the old methods are effectively
3889       // overwritten. However, if an old method is still executing,
3890       // then the old method cannot be collected until sometime after
3891       // the old method call has returned. So the overwriting of old
3892       // methods by new methods will save us space except for those
3893       // (hopefully few) old methods that are still executing.
3894       //
3895       // A method refers to a ConstMethod* and this presents another
3896       // possible avenue to space savings. The ConstMethod* in the
3897       // new method contains possibly new attributes (LNT, LVT, etc).
3898       // At first glance, it seems possible to save space by replacing
3899       // the ConstMethod* in the old method with the ConstMethod*
3900       // from the new method. The old and new methods would share the
3901       // same ConstMethod* and we would save the space occupied by
3902       // the old ConstMethod*. However, the ConstMethod* contains
3903       // a back reference to the containing method. Sharing the
3904       // ConstMethod* between two methods could lead to confusion in
3905       // the code that uses the back reference. This would lead to
3906       // brittle code that could be broken in non-obvious ways now or
3907       // in the future.
3908       //
3909       // Another possibility is to copy the ConstMethod* from the new
3910       // method to the old method and then overwrite the new method with
3911       // the old method. Since the ConstMethod* contains the bytecodes
3912       // for the method embedded in the oop, this option would change
3913       // the bytecodes out from under any threads executing the old
3914       // method and make the thread's bcp invalid. Since EMCP requires
3915       // that the bytecodes be the same modulo constant pool indices, it
3916       // is straight forward to compute the correct new bcp in the new
3917       // ConstMethod* from the old bcp in the old ConstMethod*. The
3918       // time consuming part would be searching all the frames in all
3919       // of the threads to find all of the calls to the old method.
3920       //
3921       // It looks like we will have to live with the limited savings
3922       // that we get from effectively overwriting the old methods
3923       // when the new methods are attached to the_class.
3924 
3925       // Count number of methods that are EMCP.  The method will be marked
3926       // old but not obsolete if it is EMCP.
3927       emcp_method_count++;
3928 
3929       // An EMCP method is _not_ obsolete. An obsolete method has a
3930       // different jmethodID than the current method. An EMCP method
3931       // has the same jmethodID as the current method. Having the
3932       // same jmethodID for all EMCP versions of a method allows for
3933       // a consistent view of the EMCP methods regardless of which
3934       // EMCP method you happen to have in hand. For example, a
3935       // breakpoint set in one EMCP method will work for all EMCP
3936       // versions of the method including the current one.
3937     } else {
3938       // mark obsolete methods as such
3939       old_method->set_is_obsolete();
3940       obsolete_count++;
3941 
3942       // obsolete methods need a unique idnum so they become new entries in
3943       // the jmethodID cache in InstanceKlass
3944       assert(old_method->method_idnum() == new_method->method_idnum(), "must match");
3945       u2 num = InstanceKlass::cast(_the_class)->next_method_idnum();
3946       if (num != ConstMethod::UNSET_IDNUM) {
3947         old_method->set_method_idnum(num);
3948       }
3949 
3950       // With tracing we try not to "yack" too much. The position of
3951       // this trace assumes there are fewer obsolete methods than
3952       // EMCP methods.
3953       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, mark)) {
3954         ResourceMark rm;
3955         log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, mark)
3956           ("mark %s(%s) as obsolete", old_method->name()->as_C_string(), old_method->signature()->as_C_string());
3957       }
3958     }
3959     old_method->set_is_old();
3960   }
3961   for (int i = 0; i < _deleted_methods_length; ++i) {
3962     Method* old_method = _deleted_methods[i];
3963 
3964     assert(!old_method->has_vtable_index(),
3965            "cannot delete methods with vtable entries");;
3966 
3967     // Mark all deleted methods as old, obsolete and deleted
3968     old_method->set_is_deleted();
3969     old_method->set_is_old();
3970     old_method->set_is_obsolete();
3971     ++obsolete_count;
3972     // With tracing we try not to "yack" too much. The position of
3973     // this trace assumes there are fewer obsolete methods than
3974     // EMCP methods.
3975     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, mark)) {
3976       ResourceMark rm;
3977       log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, mark)
3978         ("mark deleted %s(%s) as obsolete", old_method->name()->as_C_string(), old_method->signature()->as_C_string());
3979     }
3980   }
3981   assert((emcp_method_count + obsolete_count) == _old_methods->length(),
3982     "sanity check");
3983   log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, mark)("EMCP_cnt=%d, obsolete_cnt=%d", emcp_method_count, obsolete_count);
3984   return emcp_method_count;
3985 }
3986 
3987 // This internal class transfers the native function registration from old methods
3988 // to new methods.  It is designed to handle both the simple case of unchanged
3989 // native methods and the complex cases of native method prefixes being added and/or
3990 // removed.
3991 // It expects only to be used during the VM_RedefineClasses op (a safepoint).
3992 //
3993 // This class is used after the new methods have been installed in "the_class".
3994 //
3995 // So, for example, the following must be handled.  Where 'm' is a method and
3996 // a number followed by an underscore is a prefix.
3997 //
3998 //                                      Old Name    New Name
3999 // Simple transfer to new method        m       ->  m
4000 // Add prefix                           m       ->  1_m
4001 // Remove prefix                        1_m     ->  m
4002 // Simultaneous add of prefixes         m       ->  3_2_1_m
4003 // Simultaneous removal of prefixes     3_2_1_m ->  m
4004 // Simultaneous add and remove          1_m     ->  2_m
4005 // Same, caused by prefix removal only  3_2_1_m ->  3_2_m
4006 //
4007 class TransferNativeFunctionRegistration {
4008  private:
4009   InstanceKlass* the_class;
4010   int prefix_count;
4011   char** prefixes;
4012 
4013   // Recursively search the binary tree of possibly prefixed method names.
4014   // Iteration could be used if all agents were well behaved. Full tree walk is
4015   // more resilent to agents not cleaning up intermediate methods.
4016   // Branch at each depth in the binary tree is:
4017   //    (1) without the prefix.
4018   //    (2) with the prefix.
4019   // where 'prefix' is the prefix at that 'depth' (first prefix, second prefix,...)
4020   Method* search_prefix_name_space(int depth, char* name_str, size_t name_len,
4021                                      Symbol* signature) {
4022     TempNewSymbol name_symbol = SymbolTable::probe(name_str, (int)name_len);
4023     if (name_symbol != nullptr) {
4024       Method* method = the_class->lookup_method(name_symbol, signature);
4025       if (method != nullptr) {
4026         // Even if prefixed, intermediate methods must exist.
4027         if (method->is_native()) {
4028           // Wahoo, we found a (possibly prefixed) version of the method, return it.
4029           return method;
4030         }
4031         if (depth < prefix_count) {
4032           // Try applying further prefixes (other than this one).
4033           method = search_prefix_name_space(depth+1, name_str, name_len, signature);
4034           if (method != nullptr) {
4035             return method; // found
4036           }
4037 
4038           // Try adding this prefix to the method name and see if it matches
4039           // another method name.
4040           char* prefix = prefixes[depth];
4041           size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
4042           size_t trial_len = name_len + prefix_len;
4043           char* trial_name_str = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, trial_len + 1);
4044           strcpy(trial_name_str, prefix);
4045           strcat(trial_name_str, name_str);
4046           method = search_prefix_name_space(depth+1, trial_name_str, trial_len,
4047                                             signature);
4048           if (method != nullptr) {
4049             // If found along this branch, it was prefixed, mark as such
4050             method->set_is_prefixed_native();
4051             return method; // found
4052           }
4053         }
4054       }
4055     }
4056     return nullptr;  // This whole branch bore nothing
4057   }
4058 
4059   // Return the method name with old prefixes stripped away.
4060   char* method_name_without_prefixes(Method* method) {
4061     Symbol* name = method->name();
4062     char* name_str = name->as_utf8();
4063 
4064     // Old prefixing may be defunct, strip prefixes, if any.
4065     for (int i = prefix_count-1; i >= 0; i--) {
4066       char* prefix = prefixes[i];
4067       size_t prefix_len = strlen(prefix);
4068       if (strncmp(prefix, name_str, prefix_len) == 0) {
4069         name_str += prefix_len;
4070       }
4071     }
4072     return name_str;
4073   }
4074 
4075   // Strip any prefixes off the old native method, then try to find a
4076   // (possibly prefixed) new native that matches it.
4077   Method* strip_and_search_for_new_native(Method* method) {
4078     ResourceMark rm;
4079     char* name_str = method_name_without_prefixes(method);
4080     return search_prefix_name_space(0, name_str, strlen(name_str),
4081                                     method->signature());
4082   }
4083 
4084  public:
4085 
4086   // Construct a native method transfer processor for this class.
4087   TransferNativeFunctionRegistration(InstanceKlass* _the_class) {
4088     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "sanity check");
4089 
4090     the_class = _the_class;
4091     prefixes = JvmtiExport::get_all_native_method_prefixes(&prefix_count);
4092   }
4093 
4094   // Attempt to transfer any of the old or deleted methods that are native
4095   void transfer_registrations(Method** old_methods, int methods_length) {
4096     for (int j = 0; j < methods_length; j++) {
4097       Method* old_method = old_methods[j];
4098 
4099       if (old_method->is_native() && old_method->has_native_function()) {
4100         Method* new_method = strip_and_search_for_new_native(old_method);
4101         if (new_method != nullptr) {
4102           // Actually set the native function in the new method.
4103           // Redefine does not send events (except CFLH), certainly not this
4104           // behind the scenes re-registration.
4105           new_method->set_native_function(old_method->native_function(),
4106                               !Method::native_bind_event_is_interesting);
4107         }
4108       }
4109     }
4110   }
4111 };
4112 
4113 // Don't lose the association between a native method and its JNI function.
4114 void VM_RedefineClasses::transfer_old_native_function_registrations(InstanceKlass* the_class) {
4115   TransferNativeFunctionRegistration transfer(the_class);
4116   transfer.transfer_registrations(_deleted_methods, _deleted_methods_length);
4117   transfer.transfer_registrations(_matching_old_methods, _matching_methods_length);
4118 }
4119 
4120 // Deoptimize all compiled code that depends on the classes redefined.
4121 //
4122 // If the can_redefine_classes capability is obtained in the onload
4123 // phase or 'AlwaysRecordEvolDependencies' is true, then the compiler has
4124 // recorded all dependencies from startup. In that case we need only
4125 // deoptimize and throw away all compiled code that depends on the class.
4126 //
4127 // If can_redefine_classes is obtained sometime after the onload phase
4128 // (and 'AlwaysRecordEvolDependencies' is false) then the dependency
4129 // information may be incomplete. In that case the first call to
4130 // RedefineClasses causes all compiled code to be thrown away. As
4131 // can_redefine_classes has been obtained then all future compilations will
4132 // record dependencies so second and subsequent calls to RedefineClasses
4133 // need only throw away code that depends on the class.
4134 //
4135 
4136 void VM_RedefineClasses::flush_dependent_code() {
4137   assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "sanity check");
4138   assert(JvmtiExport::all_dependencies_are_recorded() || !AlwaysRecordEvolDependencies, "sanity check");
4139 
4140   DeoptimizationScope deopt_scope;
4141 
4142   // This is the first redefinition, mark all the nmethods for deoptimization
4143   if (!JvmtiExport::all_dependencies_are_recorded()) {
4144     CodeCache::mark_all_nmethods_for_evol_deoptimization(&deopt_scope);
4145     log_debug(redefine, class, nmethod)("Marked all nmethods for deopt");
4146   } else {
4147     CodeCache::mark_dependents_for_evol_deoptimization(&deopt_scope);
4148     log_debug(redefine, class, nmethod)("Marked dependent nmethods for deopt");
4149   }
4150 
4151   deopt_scope.deoptimize_marked();
4152 
4153   // From now on we know that the dependency information is complete
4154   JvmtiExport::set_all_dependencies_are_recorded(true);
4155 }
4156 
4157 void VM_RedefineClasses::compute_added_deleted_matching_methods() {
4158   Method* old_method;
4159   Method* new_method;
4160 
4161   _matching_old_methods = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _old_methods->length());
4162   _matching_new_methods = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _old_methods->length());
4163   _added_methods        = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _new_methods->length());
4164   _deleted_methods      = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(Method*, _old_methods->length());
4165 
4166   _matching_methods_length = 0;
4167   _deleted_methods_length  = 0;
4168   _added_methods_length    = 0;
4169 
4170   int nj = 0;
4171   int oj = 0;
4172   while (true) {
4173     if (oj >= _old_methods->length()) {
4174       if (nj >= _new_methods->length()) {
4175         break; // we've looked at everything, done
4176       }
4177       // New method at the end
4178       new_method = _new_methods->at(nj);
4179       _added_methods[_added_methods_length++] = new_method;
4180       ++nj;
4181     } else if (nj >= _new_methods->length()) {
4182       // Old method, at the end, is deleted
4183       old_method = _old_methods->at(oj);
4184       _deleted_methods[_deleted_methods_length++] = old_method;
4185       ++oj;
4186     } else {
4187       old_method = _old_methods->at(oj);
4188       new_method = _new_methods->at(nj);
4189       if (old_method->name() == new_method->name()) {
4190         if (old_method->signature() == new_method->signature()) {
4191           _matching_old_methods[_matching_methods_length  ] = old_method;
4192           _matching_new_methods[_matching_methods_length++] = new_method;
4193           ++nj;
4194           ++oj;
4195         } else {
4196           // added overloaded have already been moved to the end,
4197           // so this is a deleted overloaded method
4198           _deleted_methods[_deleted_methods_length++] = old_method;
4199           ++oj;
4200         }
4201       } else { // names don't match
4202         if (old_method->name()->fast_compare(new_method->name()) > 0) {
4203           // new method
4204           _added_methods[_added_methods_length++] = new_method;
4205           ++nj;
4206         } else {
4207           // deleted method
4208           _deleted_methods[_deleted_methods_length++] = old_method;
4209           ++oj;
4210         }
4211       }
4212     }
4213   }
4214   assert(_matching_methods_length + _deleted_methods_length == _old_methods->length(), "sanity");
4215   assert(_matching_methods_length + _added_methods_length == _new_methods->length(), "sanity");
4216 }
4217 
4218 
4219 void VM_RedefineClasses::swap_annotations(InstanceKlass* the_class,
4220                                           InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
4221   // Swap annotation fields values
4222   Annotations* old_annotations = the_class->annotations();
4223   the_class->set_annotations(scratch_class->annotations());
4224   scratch_class->set_annotations(old_annotations);
4225 }
4226 
4227 
4228 // Install the redefinition of a class:
4229 //    - house keeping (flushing breakpoints and caches, deoptimizing
4230 //      dependent compiled code)
4231 //    - replacing parts in the_class with parts from scratch_class
4232 //    - adding a weak reference to track the obsolete but interesting
4233 //      parts of the_class
4234 //    - adjusting constant pool caches and vtables in other classes
4235 //      that refer to methods in the_class. These adjustments use the
4236 //      ClassLoaderDataGraph::classes_do() facility which only allows
4237 //      a helper method to be specified. The interesting parameters
4238 //      that we would like to pass to the helper method are saved in
4239 //      static global fields in the VM operation.
4240 void VM_RedefineClasses::redefine_single_class(Thread* current, jclass the_jclass,
4241                                                InstanceKlass* scratch_class) {
4242 
4243   HandleMark hm(current);   // make sure handles from this call are freed
4244 
4245   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
4246     _timer_rsc_phase1.start();
4247   }
4248 
4249   InstanceKlass* the_class = get_ik(the_jclass);
4250 
4251   // Set a flag to control and optimize adjusting method entries
4252   _has_redefined_Object |= the_class == vmClasses::Object_klass();
4253 
4254   // Remove all breakpoints in methods of this class
4255   JvmtiBreakpoints& jvmti_breakpoints = JvmtiCurrentBreakpoints::get_jvmti_breakpoints();
4256   jvmti_breakpoints.clearall_in_class_at_safepoint(the_class);
4257 
4258   _old_methods = the_class->methods();
4259   _new_methods = scratch_class->methods();
4260   _the_class = the_class;
4261   compute_added_deleted_matching_methods();
4262   update_jmethod_ids();
4263 
4264   _any_class_has_resolved_methods = the_class->has_resolved_methods() || _any_class_has_resolved_methods;
4265 
4266   // Attach new constant pool to the original klass. The original
4267   // klass still refers to the old constant pool (for now).
4268   scratch_class->constants()->set_pool_holder(the_class);
4269 
4270 #if 0
4271   // In theory, with constant pool merging in place we should be able
4272   // to save space by using the new, merged constant pool in place of
4273   // the old constant pool(s). By "pool(s)" I mean the constant pool in
4274   // the klass version we are replacing now and any constant pool(s) in
4275   // previous versions of klass. Nice theory, doesn't work in practice.
4276   // When this code is enabled, even simple programs throw NullPointer
4277   // exceptions. I'm guessing that this is caused by some constant pool
4278   // cache difference between the new, merged constant pool and the
4279   // constant pool that was just being used by the klass. I'm keeping
4280   // this code around to archive the idea, but the code has to remain
4281   // disabled for now.
4282 
4283   // Attach each old method to the new constant pool. This can be
4284   // done here since we are past the bytecode verification and
4285   // constant pool optimization phases.
4286   for (int i = _old_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
4287     Method* method = _old_methods->at(i);
4288     method->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4289   }
4290 
4291   // NOTE: this doesn't work because you can redefine the same class in two
4292   // threads, each getting their own constant pool data appended to the
4293   // original constant pool.  In order for the new methods to work when they
4294   // become old methods, they need to keep their updated copy of the constant pool.
4295 
4296   {
4297     // walk all previous versions of the klass
4298     InstanceKlass *ik = the_class;
4299     PreviousVersionWalker pvw(ik);
4300     do {
4301       ik = pvw.next_previous_version();
4302       if (ik != nullptr) {
4303 
4304         // attach previous version of klass to the new constant pool
4305         ik->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4306 
4307         // Attach each method in the previous version of klass to the
4308         // new constant pool
4309         Array<Method*>* prev_methods = ik->methods();
4310         for (int i = prev_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
4311           Method* method = prev_methods->at(i);
4312           method->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4313         }
4314       }
4315     } while (ik != nullptr);
4316   }
4317 #endif
4318 
4319   // Replace methods and constantpool
4320   the_class->set_methods(_new_methods);
4321   scratch_class->set_methods(_old_methods);     // To prevent potential GCing of the old methods,
4322                                           // and to be able to undo operation easily.
4323 
4324   Array<int>* old_ordering = the_class->method_ordering();
4325   the_class->set_method_ordering(scratch_class->method_ordering());
4326   scratch_class->set_method_ordering(old_ordering);
4327 
4328   ConstantPool* old_constants = the_class->constants();
4329   the_class->set_constants(scratch_class->constants());
4330   scratch_class->set_constants(old_constants);  // See the previous comment.
4331 #if 0
4332   // We are swapping the guts of "the new class" with the guts of "the
4333   // class". Since the old constant pool has just been attached to "the
4334   // new class", it seems logical to set the pool holder in the old
4335   // constant pool also. However, doing this will change the observable
4336   // class hierarchy for any old methods that are still executing. A
4337   // method can query the identity of its "holder" and this query uses
4338   // the method's constant pool link to find the holder. The change in
4339   // holding class from "the class" to "the new class" can confuse
4340   // things.
4341   //
4342   // Setting the old constant pool's holder will also cause
4343   // verification done during vtable initialization below to fail.
4344   // During vtable initialization, the vtable's class is verified to be
4345   // a subtype of the method's holder. The vtable's class is "the
4346   // class" and the method's holder is gotten from the constant pool
4347   // link in the method itself. For "the class"'s directly implemented
4348   // methods, the method holder is "the class" itself (as gotten from
4349   // the new constant pool). The check works fine in this case. The
4350   // check also works fine for methods inherited from super classes.
4351   //
4352   // Miranda methods are a little more complicated. A miranda method is
4353   // provided by an interface when the class implementing the interface
4354   // does not provide its own method.  These interfaces are implemented
4355   // internally as an InstanceKlass. These special instanceKlasses
4356   // share the constant pool of the class that "implements" the
4357   // interface. By sharing the constant pool, the method holder of a
4358   // miranda method is the class that "implements" the interface. In a
4359   // non-redefine situation, the subtype check works fine. However, if
4360   // the old constant pool's pool holder is modified, then the check
4361   // fails because there is no class hierarchy relationship between the
4362   // vtable's class and "the new class".
4363 
4364   old_constants->set_pool_holder(scratch_class());
4365 #endif
4366 
4367   // track number of methods that are EMCP for add_previous_version() call below
4368   int emcp_method_count = check_methods_and_mark_as_obsolete();
4369   transfer_old_native_function_registrations(the_class);
4370 
4371   if (scratch_class->get_cached_class_file() != the_class->get_cached_class_file()) {
4372     // 1. the_class doesn't have a cache yet, scratch_class does have a cache.
4373     // 2. The same class can be present twice in the scratch classes list or there
4374     // are multiple concurrent RetransformClasses calls on different threads.
4375     // the_class and scratch_class have the same cached bytes, but different buffers.
4376     // In such cases we need to deallocate one of the buffers.
4377     // 3. RedefineClasses and the_class has cached bytes from a previous transformation.
4378     // In the case we need to use class bytes from scratch_class.
4379     if (the_class->get_cached_class_file() != nullptr) {
4380       os::free(the_class->get_cached_class_file());
4381     }
4382     the_class->set_cached_class_file(scratch_class->get_cached_class_file());
4383   }
4384 
4385   // null out in scratch class to not delete twice.  The class to be redefined
4386   // always owns these bytes.
4387   scratch_class->set_cached_class_file(nullptr);
4388 
4389   // Replace inner_classes
4390   Array<u2>* old_inner_classes = the_class->inner_classes();
4391   the_class->set_inner_classes(scratch_class->inner_classes());
4392   scratch_class->set_inner_classes(old_inner_classes);
4393 
4394   // Initialize the vtable and interface table after
4395   // methods have been rewritten
4396   // no exception should happen here since we explicitly
4397   // do not check loader constraints.
4398   // compare_and_normalize_class_versions has already checked:
4399   //  - classloaders unchanged, signatures unchanged
4400   //  - all instanceKlasses for redefined classes reused & contents updated
4401   the_class->vtable().initialize_vtable();
4402   the_class->itable().initialize_itable();
4403 
4404   // Update jmethodID cache if present.
4405   the_class->update_methods_jmethod_cache();
4406 
4407   // Copy the "source debug extension" attribute from new class version
4408   the_class->set_source_debug_extension(
4409     scratch_class->source_debug_extension(),
4410     scratch_class->source_debug_extension() == nullptr ? 0 :
4411     (int)strlen(scratch_class->source_debug_extension()));
4412 
4413   // Use of javac -g could be different in the old and the new
4414   if (scratch_class->has_localvariable_table() !=
4415       the_class->has_localvariable_table()) {
4416     the_class->set_has_localvariable_table(scratch_class->has_localvariable_table());
4417   }
4418 
4419   swap_annotations(the_class, scratch_class);
4420 
4421   // Replace minor version number of class file
4422   u2 old_minor_version = the_class->constants()->minor_version();
4423   the_class->constants()->set_minor_version(scratch_class->constants()->minor_version());
4424   scratch_class->constants()->set_minor_version(old_minor_version);
4425 
4426   // Replace major version number of class file
4427   u2 old_major_version = the_class->constants()->major_version();
4428   the_class->constants()->set_major_version(scratch_class->constants()->major_version());
4429   scratch_class->constants()->set_major_version(old_major_version);
4430 
4431   // Replace CP indexes for class and name+type of enclosing method
4432   u2 old_class_idx  = the_class->enclosing_method_class_index();
4433   u2 old_method_idx = the_class->enclosing_method_method_index();
4434   the_class->set_enclosing_method_indices(
4435     scratch_class->enclosing_method_class_index(),
4436     scratch_class->enclosing_method_method_index());
4437   scratch_class->set_enclosing_method_indices(old_class_idx, old_method_idx);
4438 
4439   if (!the_class->has_been_redefined()) {
4440     the_class->set_has_been_redefined();
4441   }
4442 
4443   // Scratch class is unloaded but still needs cleaning, and skipping for CDS.
4444   scratch_class->set_is_scratch_class();
4445 
4446   // keep track of previous versions of this class
4447   the_class->add_previous_version(scratch_class, emcp_method_count);
4448 
4449   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_klass_redefinition(the_class, scratch_class);)
4450 
4451   _timer_rsc_phase1.stop();
4452   if (log_is_enabled(Info, redefine, class, timer)) {
4453     _timer_rsc_phase2.start();
4454   }
4455 
4456   if (the_class->oop_map_cache() != nullptr) {
4457     // Flush references to any obsolete methods from the oop map cache
4458     // so that obsolete methods are not pinned.
4459     the_class->oop_map_cache()->flush_obsolete_entries();
4460   }
4461 
4462   increment_class_counter(the_class);
4463 
4464   if (EventClassRedefinition::is_enabled()) {
4465     EventClassRedefinition event;
4466     event.set_classModificationCount(java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(the_class->java_mirror()));
4467     event.set_redefinedClass(the_class);
4468     event.set_redefinitionId(_id);
4469     event.commit();
4470   }
4471 
4472   {
4473     ResourceMark rm(current);
4474     // increment the classRedefinedCount field in the_class and in any
4475     // direct and indirect subclasses of the_class
4476     physical_memory_size_type avail_mem = 0;
4477     // Return value ignored - defaulting to 0 on failure.
4478     (void)os::available_memory(avail_mem);
4479     log_info(redefine, class, load)
4480       ("redefined name=%s, count=%d (avail_mem=" PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT "K)",
4481        the_class->external_name(), java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(the_class->java_mirror()), avail_mem >> 10);
4482     Events::log_redefinition(current, "redefined class name=%s, count=%d",
4483                              the_class->external_name(),
4484                              java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(the_class->java_mirror()));
4485 
4486   }
4487   _timer_rsc_phase2.stop();
4488 
4489 } // end redefine_single_class()
4490 
4491 
4492 // Increment the classRedefinedCount field in the specific InstanceKlass
4493 // and in all direct and indirect subclasses.
4494 void VM_RedefineClasses::increment_class_counter(InstanceKlass* ik) {
4495   for (ClassHierarchyIterator iter(ik); !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
4496     // Only update instanceKlasses
4497     Klass* sub = iter.klass();
4498     if (sub->is_instance_klass()) {
4499       oop class_mirror = InstanceKlass::cast(sub)->java_mirror();
4500       Klass* class_oop = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(class_mirror);
4501       int new_count = java_lang_Class::classRedefinedCount(class_mirror) + 1;
4502       java_lang_Class::set_classRedefinedCount(class_mirror, new_count);
4503 
4504       if (class_oop != _the_class) {
4505         // _the_class count is printed at end of redefine_single_class()
4506         log_debug(redefine, class, subclass)("updated count in subclass=%s to %d", ik->external_name(), new_count);
4507       }
4508     }
4509   }
4510 }
4511 
4512 void VM_RedefineClasses::CheckClass::do_klass(Klass* k) {
4513   bool no_old_methods = true;  // be optimistic
4514 
4515   // Both array and instance classes have vtables.
4516   // a vtable should never contain old or obsolete methods
4517   ResourceMark rm(_thread);
4518   if (k->vtable_length() > 0 &&
4519       !k->vtable().check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries()) {
4520     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4521       log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)
4522         ("klassVtable::check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries failure -- OLD or OBSOLETE method found -- class: %s",
4523          k->signature_name());
4524       k->vtable().dump_vtable();
4525     }
4526     no_old_methods = false;
4527   }
4528 
4529   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
4530     HandleMark hm(_thread);
4531     InstanceKlass *ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
4532 
4533     // an itable should never contain old or obsolete methods
4534     if (ik->itable_length() > 0 &&
4535         !ik->itable().check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries()) {
4536       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4537         log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)
4538           ("klassItable::check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries failure -- OLD or OBSOLETE method found -- class: %s",
4539            ik->signature_name());
4540         ik->itable().dump_itable();
4541       }
4542       no_old_methods = false;
4543     }
4544 
4545     // the constant pool cache should never contain non-deleted old or obsolete methods
4546     if (ik->constants() != nullptr &&
4547         ik->constants()->cache() != nullptr &&
4548         !ik->constants()->cache()->check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries()) {
4549       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4550         log_trace(redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)
4551           ("cp-cache::check_no_old_or_obsolete_entries failure -- OLD or OBSOLETE method found -- class: %s",
4552            ik->signature_name());
4553         ik->constants()->cache()->dump_cache();
4554       }
4555       no_old_methods = false;
4556     }
4557   }
4558 
4559   // print and fail guarantee if old methods are found.
4560   if (!no_old_methods) {
4561     if (log_is_enabled(Trace, redefine, class, obsolete, metadata)) {
4562       dump_methods();
4563     } else {
4564       log_trace(redefine, class)("Use the '-Xlog:redefine+class*:' option "
4565         "to see more info about the following guarantee() failure.");
4566     }
4567     guarantee(false, "OLD and/or OBSOLETE method(s) found");
4568   }
4569 }
4570 
4571 u8 VM_RedefineClasses::next_id() {
4572   while (true) {
4573     u8 id = _id_counter;
4574     u8 next_id = id + 1;
4575     u8 result = AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(&_id_counter, id, next_id);
4576     if (result == id) {
4577       return next_id;
4578     }
4579   }
4580 }
4581 
4582 void VM_RedefineClasses::dump_methods() {
4583   int j;
4584   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_old_methods --");
4585   for (j = 0; j < _old_methods->length(); ++j) {
4586     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4587     Method* m = _old_methods->at(j);
4588     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4589     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4590     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4591     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4592     log_stream.cr();
4593   }
4594   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_new_methods --");
4595   for (j = 0; j < _new_methods->length(); ++j) {
4596     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4597     Method* m = _new_methods->at(j);
4598     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4599     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4600     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4601     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4602     log_stream.cr();
4603   }
4604   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_matching_methods --");
4605   for (j = 0; j < _matching_methods_length; ++j) {
4606     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4607     Method* m = _matching_old_methods[j];
4608     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4609     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4610     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4611     m->print_name();
4612     log_stream.cr();
4613 
4614     m = _matching_new_methods[j];
4615     log_stream.print("      (%5d)  ", m->vtable_index());
4616     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4617     log_stream.cr();
4618   }
4619   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_deleted_methods --");
4620   for (j = 0; j < _deleted_methods_length; ++j) {
4621     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4622     Method* m = _deleted_methods[j];
4623     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4624     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4625     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4626     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4627     log_stream.cr();
4628   }
4629   log_trace(redefine, class, dump)("_added_methods --");
4630   for (j = 0; j < _added_methods_length; ++j) {
4631     LogStreamHandle(Trace, redefine, class, dump) log_stream;
4632     Method* m = _added_methods[j];
4633     log_stream.print("%4d  (%5d)  ", j, m->vtable_index());
4634     m->access_flags().print_on(&log_stream);
4635     log_stream.print(" --  ");
4636     m->print_name(&log_stream);
4637     log_stream.cr();
4638   }
4639 }
4640 
4641 void VM_RedefineClasses::print_on_error(outputStream* st) const {
4642   VM_Operation::print_on_error(st);
4643   if (_the_class != nullptr) {
4644     ResourceMark rm;
4645     st->print_cr(", redefining class %s", _the_class->external_name());
4646   }
4647 }