1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "classfile/classFileStream.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoadInfo.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  31 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  32 #include "jni.h"
  33 #include "jvm.h"
  34 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  35 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/flatArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/inlineKlass.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/oopCast.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/valuePayload.hpp"
  51 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  52 #include "prims/unsafe.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  55 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/threadSMR.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
  66 #include "sanitizers/ub.hpp"
  67 #include "services/threadService.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  69 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  72 
  73 /**
  74  * Implementation of the jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe class
  75  */
  76 
  77 
  78 #define MAX_OBJECT_SIZE \
  79   ( arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_DOUBLE) \
  80     + ((julong)max_jint * sizeof(double)) )
  81 
  82 #define UNSAFE_ENTRY(result_type, header) \
  83   JVM_ENTRY(static result_type, header)
  84 
  85 #define UNSAFE_LEAF(result_type, header) \
  86   JVM_LEAF(static result_type, header)
  87 
  88 #define UNSAFE_END JVM_END
  89 
  90 
  91 static inline void* addr_from_java(jlong addr) {
  92   // This assert fails in a variety of ways on 32-bit systems.
  93   // It is impossible to predict whether native code that converts
  94   // pointers to longs will sign-extend or zero-extend the addresses.
  95   //assert(addr == (uintptr_t)addr, "must not be odd high bits");
  96   return (void*)(uintptr_t)addr;
  97 }
  98 
  99 static inline jlong addr_to_java(void* p) {
 100   assert(p == (void*)(uintptr_t)p, "must not be odd high bits");
 101   return (uintptr_t)p;
 102 }
 103 
 104 
 105 // Note: The VM's obj_field and related accessors use byte-scaled
 106 // ("unscaled") offsets, just as the unsafe methods do.
 107 
 108 // However, the method Unsafe.fieldOffset explicitly declines to
 109 // guarantee this.  The field offset values manipulated by the Java user
 110 // through the Unsafe API are opaque cookies that just happen to be byte
 111 // offsets.  We represent this state of affairs by passing the cookies
 112 // through conversion functions when going between the VM and the Unsafe API.
 113 // The conversion functions just happen to be no-ops at present.
 114 
 115 static inline jlong field_offset_to_byte_offset(jlong field_offset) {
 116   return field_offset;
 117 }
 118 
 119 static inline int field_offset_from_byte_offset(int byte_offset) {
 120   return byte_offset;
 121 }
 122 
 123 static inline void assert_field_offset_sane(oop p, jlong field_offset) {
 124 #ifdef ASSERT
 125   jlong byte_offset = field_offset_to_byte_offset(field_offset);
 126 
 127   if (p != nullptr) {
 128     assert(byte_offset >= 0 && byte_offset <= (jlong)MAX_OBJECT_SIZE, "sane offset");
 129     if (byte_offset == (jint)byte_offset) {
 130       void* ptr_plus_disp = cast_from_oop<address>(p) + byte_offset;
 131       assert(p->field_addr<void>((jint)byte_offset) == ptr_plus_disp,
 132              "raw [ptr+disp] must be consistent with oop::field_addr");
 133     }
 134     jlong p_size = HeapWordSize * (jlong)(p->size());
 135     assert(byte_offset < p_size, "Unsafe access: offset " INT64_FORMAT " > object's size " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t)byte_offset, (int64_t)p_size);
 136   }
 137 #endif
 138 }
 139 
 140 static inline void* index_oop_from_field_offset_long(oop p, jlong field_offset) {
 141   assert_field_offset_sane(p, field_offset);
 142   uintptr_t base_address = cast_from_oop<uintptr_t>(p);
 143   uintptr_t byte_offset  = (uintptr_t)field_offset_to_byte_offset(field_offset);
 144   return (void*)(base_address + byte_offset);
 145 }
 146 
 147 // Externally callable versions:
 148 // (Use these in compiler intrinsics which emulate unsafe primitives.)
 149 jlong Unsafe_field_offset_to_byte_offset(jlong field_offset) {
 150   return field_offset;
 151 }
 152 jlong Unsafe_field_offset_from_byte_offset(jlong byte_offset) {
 153   return byte_offset;
 154 }
 155 
 156 
 157 ///// Data read/writes on the Java heap and in native (off-heap) memory
 158 
 159 /**
 160  * Helper class to wrap memory accesses in JavaThread::doing_unsafe_access()
 161  */
 162 class GuardUnsafeAccess {
 163   JavaThread* _thread;
 164 
 165 public:
 166   GuardUnsafeAccess(JavaThread* thread) : _thread(thread) {
 167     // native/off-heap access which may raise SIGBUS if accessing
 168     // memory mapped file data in a region of the file which has
 169     // been truncated and is now invalid.
 170     _thread->set_doing_unsafe_access(true);
 171   }
 172 
 173   ~GuardUnsafeAccess() {
 174     _thread->set_doing_unsafe_access(false);
 175   }
 176 };
 177 
 178 /**
 179  * Helper class for accessing memory.
 180  *
 181  * Normalizes values and wraps accesses in
 182  * JavaThread::doing_unsafe_access() if needed.
 183  */
 184 template <typename T>
 185 class MemoryAccess : StackObj {
 186   JavaThread* _thread;
 187   oop _obj;
 188   ptrdiff_t _offset;
 189 
 190   // Resolves and returns the address of the memory access.
 191   // This raw memory access may fault, so we make sure it happens within the
 192   // guarded scope by making the access volatile at least. Since the store
 193   // of Thread::set_doing_unsafe_access() is also volatile, these accesses
 194   // can not be reordered by the compiler. Therefore, if the access triggers
 195   // a fault, we will know that Thread::doing_unsafe_access() returns true.
 196   volatile T* addr() {
 197     void* addr = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(_obj, _offset);
 198     return static_cast<volatile T*>(addr);
 199   }
 200 
 201   template <typename U>
 202   U normalize(U x) {
 203     return x;
 204   }
 205 
 206   jboolean normalize(jboolean x) {
 207     return (x & 1) != 0;
 208   }
 209 
 210 public:
 211   MemoryAccess(JavaThread* thread, jobject obj, jlong offset)
 212     : _thread(thread), _obj(JNIHandles::resolve(obj)), _offset((ptrdiff_t)offset) {
 213     assert_field_offset_sane(_obj, offset);
 214   }
 215 
 216   T get() {
 217     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 218     return normalize(*addr());
 219   }
 220 
 221   // we use this method at some places for writing to 0 e.g. to cause a crash;
 222   // ubsan does not know that this is the desired behavior
 223   ATTRIBUTE_NO_UBSAN
 224   void put(T x) {
 225     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 226     assert(_obj == nullptr || !_obj->is_inline_type(), "receiver cannot be an instance of a value class because they are immutable");
 227     *addr() = normalize(x);
 228   }
 229 
 230 
 231   T get_volatile() {
 232     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 233     volatile T ret = RawAccess<MO_SEQ_CST>::load(addr());
 234     return normalize(ret);
 235   }
 236 
 237   void put_volatile(T x) {
 238     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 239     RawAccess<MO_SEQ_CST>::store(addr(), normalize(x));
 240   }
 241 };
 242 
 243 static void log_unsafe_value_access(oop p, jlong offset, InlineKlass* vk) {
 244   Klass* k = p->klass();
 245   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, valuetypes)) {
 246     ResourceMark rm;
 247     if (k->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 248       FlatArrayKlass* vak = FlatArrayKlass::cast(k);
 249       int index = (offset - vak->array_header_in_bytes()) / vak->element_byte_size();
 250       flatArrayOop array = oop_cast<flatArrayOop>(p);
 251       if (index >= 0 && index < array->length()) {
 252         address dest = (address)((flatArrayOop)p)->value_at_addr(index, vak->layout_helper());
 253         log_trace(valuetypes)("%s array type %s index %d element size %d offset " UINT64_FORMAT_X " at " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 254                               p->klass()->external_name(), vak->external_name(),
 255                               index, vak->element_byte_size(), (uint64_t)offset, p2i(dest));
 256       } else {
 257          log_trace(valuetypes)("%s array type %s out-of-bounds index %d element size %d offset " UINT64_FORMAT_X,
 258                               p->klass()->external_name(), vak->external_name(), index, vak->element_byte_size(), (uint64_t)offset);
 259       }
 260     } else {
 261       log_trace(valuetypes)("%s field type %s at offset " UINT64_FORMAT_X,
 262                             p->klass()->external_name(), vk->external_name(), (uint64_t)offset);
 263     }
 264   }
 265 }
 266 
 267 // These functions allow a null base pointer with an arbitrary address.
 268 // But if the base pointer is non-null, the offset should make some sense.
 269 // That is, it should be in the range [0, MAX_OBJECT_SIZE].
 270 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) {
 271   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 272   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 273   oop v = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(p, offset);
 274   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 275 } UNSAFE_END
 276 
 277 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PutReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h)) {
 278   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 279   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 280   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 281   assert(!p->is_inline_type(), "receiver cannot be an instance of a value class because they are immutable");
 282   HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_store_at(p, offset, x);
 283 } UNSAFE_END
 284 
 285 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ValueHeaderSize(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass c)) {
 286   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(c));
 287   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 288   return vk->payload_offset();
 289 } UNSAFE_END
 290 
 291 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_IsFlatField(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject o)) {
 292   oop f = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(o);
 293   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(f));
 294   int slot = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(f);
 295   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_is_flat(slot);
 296 } UNSAFE_END
 297 
 298 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_HasNullMarker(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject o)) {
 299   oop f = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(o);
 300   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(f));
 301   int slot = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(f);
 302   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_has_null_marker(slot);
 303 } UNSAFE_END
 304 
 305 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_NullMarkerOffset(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject o)) {
 306   oop f = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(o);
 307   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(f));
 308   int slot = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(f);
 309   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_null_marker_offset(slot);
 310 } UNSAFE_END
 311 
 312 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayLayout(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jarray array)) {
 313   oop ar = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(array);
 314   ArrayKlass* ak = ArrayKlass::cast(ar->klass());
 315   if (ak->is_refArray_klass()) {
 316     return (jint)LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
 317   } else if (ak->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 318     return (jint)FlatArrayKlass::cast(ak)->layout_kind();
 319   } else {
 320     ShouldNotReachHere();
 321     return -1;
 322   }
 323 } UNSAFE_END
 324 
 325 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_FieldLayout(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 326   assert(field != nullptr, "field must not be null");
 327 
 328   oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
 329   oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
 330   Klass* k        = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 331   int slot        = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(reflected);
 332   int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);
 333 
 334   if ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) != 0) {
 335     return (jint)LayoutKind::REFERENCE; // static fields are never flat
 336   } else {
 337     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 338     if (ik->field_is_flat(slot)) {
 339       return (jint)ik->inline_layout_info(slot).kind();
 340     } else {
 341       return (jint)LayoutKind::REFERENCE;
 342     }
 343   }
 344 } UNSAFE_END
 345 
 346 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jarray, Unsafe_NewSpecialArray(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass elmClass, jint len, jint layoutKind)) {
 347   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(elmClass);
 348   Klass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 349   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
 350   if (len < 0) {
 351     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Array length is negative");
 352   }
 353   if (klass->is_array_klass() || klass->is_identity_class()) {
 354     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Element class is not a value class");
 355   }
 356   if (klass->is_abstract()) {
 357     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Element class is abstract");
 358   }
 359   LayoutKind lk = static_cast<LayoutKind>(layoutKind);
 360   if (lk <= LayoutKind::REFERENCE || lk == LayoutKind::NULLABLE_NON_ATOMIC_FLAT || lk >= LayoutKind::UNKNOWN) {
 361     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Invalid layout kind");
 362   }
 363   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(klass);
 364   // WARNING: test below will need modifications when flat layouts supported for fields
 365   // but not for arrays are introduce (NULLABLE_NON_ATOMIC_FLAT for instance)
 366   if (!UseArrayFlattening || !vk->is_layout_supported(lk)) {
 367     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_UnsupportedOperationException(), "Layout not supported");
 368   }
 369   ArrayProperties props = ArrayKlass::array_properties_from_layout(lk);
 370   oop array = oopFactory::new_flatArray(vk, len, props, CHECK_NULL);
 371   return (jarray) JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, array);
 372 } UNSAFE_END
 373 
 374 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetFlatValue(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint layoutKind, jclass vc)) {
 375   assert(layoutKind != (int)LayoutKind::UNKNOWN, "Sanity");
 376   assert(layoutKind != (int)LayoutKind::REFERENCE, "This method handles only flat layouts");
 377   oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 378   if (base == nullptr) {
 379     THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 380   }
 381   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(vc));
 382   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 383   log_unsafe_value_access(base, offset, vk);
 384   LayoutKind lk = (LayoutKind)layoutKind;
 385   FlatValuePayload payload = FlatValuePayload::construct_from_parts(base, offset, vk, lk);
 386   oop v = payload.read(CHECK_NULL);
 387   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 388 } UNSAFE_END
 389 
 390 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PutFlatValue(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint layoutKind, jclass vc, jobject value)) {
 391   assert(layoutKind != (int)LayoutKind::UNKNOWN, "Sanity");
 392   assert(layoutKind != (int)LayoutKind::REFERENCE, "This method handles only flat layouts");
 393   oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 394   if (base == nullptr) {
 395     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 396   }
 397 
 398   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(vc)));
 399   log_unsafe_value_access(base, offset, vk);
 400   LayoutKind lk = (LayoutKind)layoutKind;
 401   FlatValuePayload payload = FlatValuePayload::construct_from_parts(base, offset, vk, lk);
 402   payload.write(inlineOop(JNIHandles::resolve(value)), CHECK);
 403 } UNSAFE_END
 404 
 405 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetReferenceVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) {
 406   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 407   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 408   oop v = HeapAccess<MO_SEQ_CST | ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(p, offset);
 409   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 410 } UNSAFE_END
 411 
 412 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PutReferenceVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h)) {
 413   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 414   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 415   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 416   HeapAccess<MO_SEQ_CST | ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_store_at(p, offset, x);
 417 } UNSAFE_END
 418 
 419 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetUncompressedObject(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr)) {
 420   oop v = *(oop*) (address) addr;
 421   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 422 } UNSAFE_END
 423 
 424 #define DEFINE_GETSETOOP(java_type, Type) \
 425  \
 426 UNSAFE_ENTRY(java_type, Unsafe_Get##Type(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) { \
 427   return MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).get(); \
 428 } UNSAFE_END \
 429  \
 430 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Put##Type(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, java_type x)) { \
 431   MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).put(x); \
 432 } UNSAFE_END \
 433  \
 434 // END DEFINE_GETSETOOP.
 435 
 436 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jboolean, Boolean)
 437 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jbyte, Byte)
 438 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jshort, Short);
 439 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jchar, Char);
 440 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jint, Int);
 441 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jlong, Long);
 442 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jfloat, Float);
 443 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jdouble, Double);
 444 
 445 #undef DEFINE_GETSETOOP
 446 
 447 #define DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(java_type, Type) \
 448  \
 449 UNSAFE_ENTRY(java_type, Unsafe_Get##Type##Volatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) { \
 450   return MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).get_volatile(); \
 451 } UNSAFE_END \
 452  \
 453 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Put##Type##Volatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, java_type x)) { \
 454   MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).put_volatile(x); \
 455 } UNSAFE_END \
 456  \
 457 // END DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE.
 458 
 459 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jboolean, Boolean)
 460 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jbyte, Byte)
 461 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jshort, Short);
 462 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jchar, Char);
 463 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jint, Int);
 464 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jlong, Long);
 465 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jfloat, Float);
 466 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jdouble, Double);
 467 
 468 #undef DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE
 469 
 470 UNSAFE_LEAF(void, Unsafe_FullFence(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe)) {
 471   OrderAccess::fence();
 472 } UNSAFE_END
 473 
 474 ////// Allocation requests
 475 
 476 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_AllocateInstance(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass cls)) {
 477   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;
 478   instanceOop i = InstanceKlass::allocate_instance(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls), CHECK_NULL);
 479   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, i);
 480 } UNSAFE_END
 481 
 482 UNSAFE_LEAF(jlong, Unsafe_AllocateMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong size)) {
 483   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 484 
 485   assert(is_aligned(sz, HeapWordSize), "sz not aligned");
 486 
 487   void* x = os::malloc(sz, mtOther);
 488 
 489   return addr_to_java(x);
 490 } UNSAFE_END
 491 
 492 UNSAFE_LEAF(jlong, Unsafe_ReallocateMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, jlong size)) {
 493   void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
 494   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 495 
 496   assert(is_aligned(sz, HeapWordSize), "sz not aligned");
 497 
 498   void* x = os::realloc(p, sz, mtOther);
 499 
 500   return addr_to_java(x);
 501 } UNSAFE_END
 502 
 503 UNSAFE_LEAF(void, Unsafe_FreeMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr)) {
 504   void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
 505 
 506   os::free(p);
 507 } UNSAFE_END
 508 
 509 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_SetMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong size, jbyte value)) {
 510   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 511 
 512   oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 513   void* p = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(base, offset);
 514 
 515   {
 516     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(thread);
 517     if (StubRoutines::unsafe_setmemory() != nullptr) {
 518       MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, thread));
 519       StubRoutines::UnsafeSetMemory_stub()(p, sz, value);
 520     } else {
 521       Copy::fill_to_memory_atomic(p, sz, value);
 522     }
 523   }
 524 } UNSAFE_END
 525 
 526 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_CopyMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject srcObj, jlong srcOffset, jobject dstObj, jlong dstOffset, jlong size)) {
 527   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 528 
 529   oop srcp = JNIHandles::resolve(srcObj);
 530   oop dstp = JNIHandles::resolve(dstObj);
 531 
 532   void* src = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(srcp, srcOffset);
 533   void* dst = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(dstp, dstOffset);
 534   {
 535     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(thread);
 536     if (StubRoutines::unsafe_arraycopy() != nullptr) {
 537       MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, thread));
 538       StubRoutines::UnsafeArrayCopy_stub()(src, dst, sz);
 539     } else {
 540       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(src, dst, sz);
 541     }
 542   }
 543 } UNSAFE_END
 544 
 545 // This function is a leaf since if the source and destination are both in native memory
 546 // the copy may potentially be very large, and we don't want to disable GC if we can avoid it.
 547 // If either source or destination (or both) are on the heap, the function will enter VM using
 548 // JVM_ENTRY_FROM_LEAF
 549 UNSAFE_LEAF(void, Unsafe_CopySwapMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject srcObj, jlong srcOffset, jobject dstObj, jlong dstOffset, jlong size, jlong elemSize)) {
 550   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 551   size_t esz = (size_t)elemSize;
 552 
 553 
 554   if (srcObj == nullptr && dstObj == nullptr) {
 555     // Both src & dst are in native memory
 556     address src = (address)srcOffset;
 557     address dst = (address)dstOffset;
 558 
 559     {
 560       JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::thread_from_jni_environment(env);
 561       GuardUnsafeAccess guard(thread);
 562       Copy::conjoint_swap(src, dst, sz, esz);
 563     }
 564   } else {
 565     // At least one of src/dst are on heap, transition to VM to access raw pointers
 566 
 567     JVM_ENTRY_FROM_LEAF(env, void, Unsafe_CopySwapMemory0) {
 568       oop srcp = JNIHandles::resolve(srcObj);
 569       oop dstp = JNIHandles::resolve(dstObj);
 570 
 571       address src = (address)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(srcp, srcOffset);
 572       address dst = (address)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(dstp, dstOffset);
 573       {
 574         GuardUnsafeAccess guard(thread);
 575         Copy::conjoint_swap(src, dst, sz, esz);
 576       }
 577     } JVM_END
 578   }
 579 } UNSAFE_END
 580 
 581 UNSAFE_LEAF (void, Unsafe_WriteBack0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong line)) {
 582   assert(VM_Version::supports_data_cache_line_flush(), "should not get here");
 583 #ifdef ASSERT
 584   if (TraceMemoryWriteback) {
 585     tty->print_cr("Unsafe: writeback 0x%p", addr_from_java(line));
 586   }
 587 #endif
 588 
 589   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, Thread::current()));
 590   assert(StubRoutines::data_cache_writeback() != nullptr, "sanity");
 591   (StubRoutines::DataCacheWriteback_stub())(addr_from_java(line));
 592 } UNSAFE_END
 593 
 594 static void doWriteBackSync0(bool is_pre)
 595 {
 596   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, Thread::current()));
 597   assert(StubRoutines::data_cache_writeback_sync() != nullptr, "sanity");
 598   (StubRoutines::DataCacheWritebackSync_stub())(is_pre);
 599 }
 600 
 601 UNSAFE_LEAF (void, Unsafe_WriteBackPreSync0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe)) {
 602   assert(VM_Version::supports_data_cache_line_flush(), "should not get here");
 603 #ifdef ASSERT
 604   if (TraceMemoryWriteback) {
 605       tty->print_cr("Unsafe: writeback pre-sync");
 606   }
 607 #endif
 608 
 609   doWriteBackSync0(true);
 610 } UNSAFE_END
 611 
 612 UNSAFE_LEAF (void, Unsafe_WriteBackPostSync0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe)) {
 613   assert(VM_Version::supports_data_cache_line_flush(), "should not get here");
 614 #ifdef ASSERT
 615   if (TraceMemoryWriteback) {
 616     tty->print_cr("Unsafe: writeback pre-sync");
 617   }
 618 #endif
 619 
 620   doWriteBackSync0(false);
 621 } UNSAFE_END
 622 
 623 ////// Random queries
 624 
 625 // Finds the object field offset of a field with the matching name, or an error code
 626 // Error code -1 is not found, -2 is static field
 627 static jlong find_known_instance_field_offset(jclass clazz, jstring name, TRAPS) {
 628   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 629   assert(name != nullptr, "name must not be null");
 630 
 631   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 632   char *utf_name = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(name));
 633 
 634   InstanceKlass* k = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz));
 635 
 636   jint offset = -1; // Not found
 637   for (JavaFieldStream fs(k); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 638     Symbol *name = fs.name();
 639     if (name->equals(utf_name)) {
 640       if (!fs.access_flags().is_static()) {
 641         offset = fs.offset();
 642       } else {
 643         offset = -2; // A static field
 644       }
 645       break;
 646     }
 647   }
 648   if (offset < 0) {
 649     return offset; // Error code
 650   }
 651   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(offset);
 652 }
 653 
 654 static jlong find_field_offset(jobject field, int must_be_static, TRAPS) {
 655   assert(field != nullptr, "field must not be null");
 656 
 657   oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
 658   oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
 659   Klass* k        = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 660   int slot        = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(reflected);
 661   int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);
 662 
 663   if (must_be_static >= 0) {
 664     int really_is_static = ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) != 0);
 665     if (must_be_static != really_is_static) {
 666       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 667     }
 668   }
 669 
 670   int offset = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_offset(slot);
 671   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(offset);
 672 }
 673 
 674 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 675   return find_field_offset(field, 0, THREAD);
 676 } UNSAFE_END
 677 
 678 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_KnownObjectFieldOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass c, jstring name)) {
 679   return find_known_instance_field_offset(c, name, THREAD);
 680 } UNSAFE_END
 681 
 682 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 683   return find_field_offset(field, 1, THREAD);
 684 } UNSAFE_END
 685 
 686 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_StaticFieldBase0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 687   assert(field != nullptr, "field must not be null");
 688 
 689   // Note:  In this VM implementation, a field address is always a short
 690   // offset from the base of a klass metaobject.  Thus, the full dynamic
 691   // range of the return type is never used.  However, some implementations
 692   // might put the static field inside an array shared by many classes,
 693   // or even at a fixed address, in which case the address could be quite
 694   // large.  In that last case, this function would return null, since
 695   // the address would operate alone, without any base pointer.
 696 
 697   oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
 698   oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
 699   int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);
 700 
 701   if ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) == 0) {
 702     THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 703   }
 704 
 705   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, mirror);
 706 } UNSAFE_END
 707 
 708 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz)) {
 709   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 710 
 711   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 712 
 713   Klass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 714   if (klass != nullptr && klass->should_be_initialized()) {
 715     InstanceKlass* k = InstanceKlass::cast(klass);
 716     k->initialize(CHECK);
 717   }
 718 }
 719 UNSAFE_END
 720 
 721 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_ShouldBeInitialized0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz)) {
 722   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 723 
 724   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 725   Klass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 726 
 727   if (klass != nullptr && klass->should_be_initialized()) {
 728     return true;
 729   }
 730 
 731   return false;
 732 }
 733 UNSAFE_END
 734 
 735 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_NotifyStrictStaticAccess0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz,
 736                                                     jlong sfoffset, jboolean writing)) {
 737   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 738 
 739   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 740   Klass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 741 
 742   if (klass != nullptr && klass->is_instance_klass()) {
 743     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass);
 744     fieldDescriptor fd;
 745     if (ik->find_local_field_from_offset((int)sfoffset, true, &fd)) {
 746       // Note: The Unsafe API takes an OFFSET, but the InstanceKlass wants the INDEX.
 747       // We could surface field indexes into Unsafe, but that's too much churn.
 748       ik->notify_strict_static_access(fd.index(), writing, CHECK);
 749       return;
 750     }
 751   }
 752   THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError());
 753 }
 754 UNSAFE_END
 755 
 756 static void getBaseAndScale(int& base, int& scale, jclass clazz, TRAPS) {
 757   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 758 
 759   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 760   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 761 
 762   if (k == nullptr || !k->is_array_klass()) {
 763     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InvalidClassException());
 764   } else if (k->is_typeArray_klass()) {
 765     TypeArrayKlass* tak = TypeArrayKlass::cast(k);
 766     base  = tak->array_header_in_bytes();
 767     assert(base == arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(tak->element_type()), "array_header_size semantics ok");
 768     scale = (1 << tak->log2_element_size());
 769   } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 770     Klass* ek = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->element_klass();
 771     if (!ek->is_identity_class() && !ek->is_abstract()) {
 772       // Arrays of a concrete value class type can have multiple layouts
 773       // There's no good value to return, so throwing an exception is the way out
 774       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Arrays of a concrete value class don't have a single base and offset");
 775     }
 776     base  = arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT);
 777     scale = heapOopSize;
 778   } else {
 779     ShouldNotReachHere();
 780   }
 781 }
 782 
 783 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayInstanceBaseOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jarray array)) {
 784   assert(array != nullptr, "array must not be null");
 785   oop ar = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(array);
 786   assert(ar->is_array(), "Must be an array");
 787   ArrayKlass* ak = ArrayKlass::cast(ar->klass());
 788   if (ak->is_refArray_klass()) {
 789     return arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT);
 790   } else if (ak->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 791     FlatArrayKlass* fak = FlatArrayKlass::cast(ak);
 792     return fak->array_header_in_bytes();
 793   } else {
 794     ShouldNotReachHere();
 795   }
 796 } UNSAFE_END
 797 
 798 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass clazz)) {
 799   int base = 0, scale = 0;
 800   getBaseAndScale(base, scale, clazz, CHECK_0);
 801 
 802   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(base);
 803 } UNSAFE_END
 804 
 805 
 806 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass clazz)) {
 807   int base = 0, scale = 0;
 808   getBaseAndScale(base, scale, clazz, CHECK_0);
 809 
 810   // This VM packs both fields and array elements down to the byte.
 811   // But watch out:  If this changes, so that array references for
 812   // a given primitive type (say, T_BOOLEAN) use different memory units
 813   // than fields, this method MUST return zero for such arrays.
 814   // For example, the VM used to store sub-word sized fields in full
 815   // words in the object layout, so that accessors like getByte(Object,int)
 816   // did not really do what one might expect for arrays.  Therefore,
 817   // this function used to report a zero scale factor, so that the user
 818   // would know not to attempt to access sub-word array elements.
 819   // // Code for unpacked fields:
 820   // if (scale < wordSize)  return 0;
 821 
 822   // The following allows for a pretty general fieldOffset cookie scheme,
 823   // but requires it to be linear in byte offset.
 824   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(scale) - field_offset_from_byte_offset(0);
 825 } UNSAFE_END
 826 
 827 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayInstanceIndexScale0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jarray array)) {
 828   assert(array != nullptr, "array must not be null");
 829   oop ar = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(array);
 830   assert(ar->is_array(), "Must be an array");
 831   ArrayKlass* ak = ArrayKlass::cast(ar->klass());
 832   if (ak->is_refArray_klass()) {
 833     return heapOopSize;
 834   } else if (ak->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 835     FlatArrayKlass* fak = FlatArrayKlass::cast(ak);
 836     return fak->element_byte_size();
 837   } else {
 838     ShouldNotReachHere();
 839   }
 840 } UNSAFE_END
 841 
 842 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jarray, Unsafe_GetFieldMap0(JNIEnv* env, jobject unsafe, jclass clazz)) {
 843   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 844   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 845 
 846   if (!k->is_inline_klass()) {
 847     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "Argument is not a concrete value class");
 848   }
 849   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 850   oop map = mirror->obj_field(vk->acmp_maps_offset());
 851   return (jarray) JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, map);
 852 } UNSAFE_END
 853 
 854 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_GetObjectSize0(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject obj))
 855   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 856   return p->size() * HeapWordSize;
 857 UNSAFE_END
 858 
 859 static inline void throw_new(JNIEnv *env, const char *ename) {
 860   jclass cls = env->FindClass(ename);
 861   if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
 862     env->ExceptionClear();
 863     tty->print_cr("Unsafe: cannot throw %s because FindClass has failed", ename);
 864     return;
 865   }
 866 
 867   env->ThrowNew(cls, nullptr);
 868 }
 869 
 870 static jclass Unsafe_DefineClass_impl(JNIEnv *env, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length, jobject loader, jobject pd) {
 871   // Code lifted from JDK 1.3 ClassLoader.c
 872 
 873   jbyte *body;
 874   char *utfName = nullptr;
 875   jclass result = nullptr;
 876   char buf[128];
 877 
 878   assert(data != nullptr, "Class bytes must not be null");
 879   assert(length >= 0, "length must not be negative: %d", length);
 880 
 881   if (UsePerfData) {
 882     ClassLoader::unsafe_defineClassCallCounter()->inc();
 883   }
 884 
 885   body = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(jbyte, length, mtInternal);
 886   if (body == nullptr) {
 887     throw_new(env, "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError");
 888     return nullptr;
 889   }
 890 
 891   env->GetByteArrayRegion(data, offset, length, body);
 892   if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
 893     goto free_body;
 894   }
 895 
 896   if (name != nullptr) {
 897     uint len = env->GetStringUTFLength(name);
 898     int unicode_len = env->GetStringLength(name);
 899 
 900     if (len >= sizeof(buf)) {
 901       utfName = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, len + 1, mtInternal);
 902       if (utfName == nullptr) {
 903         throw_new(env, "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError");
 904         goto free_body;
 905       }
 906     } else {
 907       utfName = buf;
 908     }
 909 
 910     env->GetStringUTFRegion(name, 0, unicode_len, utfName);
 911 
 912     for (uint i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 913       if (utfName[i] == '.')   utfName[i] = '/';
 914     }
 915   }
 916 
 917   result = JVM_DefineClass(env, utfName, loader, body, length, pd);
 918 
 919   if (utfName && utfName != buf) {
 920     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(utfName);
 921   }
 922 
 923  free_body:
 924   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(body);
 925   return result;
 926 }
 927 
 928 
 929 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jclass, Unsafe_DefineClass0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length, jobject loader, jobject pd)) {
 930   ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
 931 
 932   return Unsafe_DefineClass_impl(env, name, data, offset, length, loader, pd);
 933 } UNSAFE_END
 934 
 935 
 936 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_ThrowException(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jthrowable thr)) {
 937   ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
 938   env->Throw(thr);
 939 } UNSAFE_END
 940 
 941 // JSR166 ------------------------------------------------------------------
 942 
 943 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject e_h, jobject x_h)) {
 944   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 945   oop e = JNIHandles::resolve(e_h);
 946   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 947   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 948   oop res = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_atomic_cmpxchg_at(p, (ptrdiff_t)offset, e, x);
 949   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, res);
 950 } UNSAFE_END
 951 
 952 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeInt(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint e, jint x)) {
 953   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 954   volatile jint* addr = (volatile jint*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 955   return AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(addr, e, x);
 956 } UNSAFE_END
 957 
 958 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong e, jlong x)) {
 959   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 960   volatile jlong* addr = (volatile jlong*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 961   return AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(addr, e, x);
 962 } UNSAFE_END
 963 
 964 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSetReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject e_h, jobject x_h)) {
 965   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 966   oop e = JNIHandles::resolve(e_h);
 967   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 968   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 969   oop ret = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_atomic_cmpxchg_at(p, (ptrdiff_t)offset, e, x);
 970   return ret == e;
 971 } UNSAFE_END
 972 
 973 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSetInt(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint e, jint x)) {
 974   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 975   volatile jint* addr = (volatile jint*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 976   return AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(addr, e, x) == e;
 977 } UNSAFE_END
 978 
 979 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSetLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong e, jlong x)) {
 980   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 981   volatile jlong* addr = (volatile jlong*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 982   return AtomicAccess::cmpxchg(addr, e, x) == e;
 983 } UNSAFE_END
 984 
 985 static void post_thread_park_event(EventThreadPark* event, const oop obj, jlong timeout_nanos, jlong until_epoch_millis) {
 986   assert(event != nullptr, "invariant");
 987   event->set_parkedClass((obj != nullptr) ? obj->klass() : nullptr);
 988   event->set_timeout(timeout_nanos);
 989   event->set_until(until_epoch_millis);
 990   event->set_address((obj != nullptr) ? (u8)cast_from_oop<uintptr_t>(obj) : 0);
 991   event->commit();
 992 }
 993 
 994 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Park(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)) {
 995   HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_BEGIN((uintptr_t) thread->parker(), (int) isAbsolute, time);
 996   EventThreadPark event;
 997 
 998   JavaThreadParkedState jtps(thread, time != 0);
 999   thread->parker()->park(isAbsolute != 0, time);
1000   if (event.should_commit()) {
1001     const oop obj = thread->current_park_blocker();
1002     if (time == 0) {
1003       post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, min_jlong, min_jlong);
1004     } else {
1005       if (isAbsolute != 0) {
1006         post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, min_jlong, time);
1007       } else {
1008         post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, time, min_jlong);
1009       }
1010     }
1011   }
1012   HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_END((uintptr_t) thread->parker());
1013 } UNSAFE_END
1014 
1015 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Unpark(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject jthread)) {
1016   if (jthread != nullptr) {
1017     oop thread_oop = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread);
1018     // Get the JavaThread* stored in the java.lang.Thread object _before_
1019     // the embedded ThreadsListHandle is constructed so we know if the
1020     // early life stage of the JavaThread* is protected. We use acquire
1021     // here to ensure that if we see a non-nullptr value, then we also
1022     // see the main ThreadsList updates from the JavaThread* being added.
1023     FastThreadsListHandle ftlh(thread_oop, java_lang_Thread::thread_acquire(thread_oop));
1024     JavaThread* thr = ftlh.protected_java_thread();
1025     if (thr != nullptr) {
1026       // The still live JavaThread* is protected by the FastThreadsListHandle
1027       // so it is safe to access.
1028       Parker* p = thr->parker();
1029       HOTSPOT_THREAD_UNPARK((uintptr_t) p);
1030       p->unpark();
1031     }
1032   } // FastThreadsListHandle is destroyed here.
1033 } UNSAFE_END
1034 
1035 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_GetLoadAverage0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jdoubleArray loadavg, jint nelem)) {
1036   const int max_nelem = 3;
1037   double la[max_nelem];
1038   jint ret;
1039 
1040   typeArrayOop a = typeArrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(loadavg));
1041   assert(a->is_typeArray(), "must be type array");
1042 
1043   ret = os::loadavg(la, nelem);
1044   if (ret == -1) {
1045     return -1;
1046   }
1047 
1048   // if successful, ret is the number of samples actually retrieved.
1049   assert(ret >= 0 && ret <= max_nelem, "Unexpected loadavg return value");
1050   switch(ret) {
1051     case 3: a->double_at_put(2, (jdouble)la[2]); // fall through
1052     case 2: a->double_at_put(1, (jdouble)la[1]); // fall through
1053     case 1: a->double_at_put(0, (jdouble)la[0]); break;
1054   }
1055 
1056   return ret;
1057 } UNSAFE_END
1058 
1059 
1060 /// JVM_RegisterUnsafeMethods
1061 
1062 #define ADR "J"
1063 
1064 #define LANG "Ljava/lang/"
1065 
1066 #define OBJ LANG "Object;"
1067 #define CLS LANG "Class;"
1068 #define FLD LANG "reflect/Field;"
1069 #define THR LANG "Throwable;"
1070 
1071 #define OBJ_ARR "[" OBJ
1072 
1073 #define DC_Args  LANG "String;[BII" LANG "ClassLoader;" "Ljava/security/ProtectionDomain;"
1074 #define DAC_Args CLS "[B[" OBJ
1075 
1076 #define CC (char*)  /*cast a literal from (const char*)*/
1077 #define FN_PTR(f) CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, &f)
1078 
1079 #define DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Type, Desc) \
1080     {CC "get"  #Type,      CC "(" OBJ "J)" #Desc,                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Type)}, \
1081     {CC "put"  #Type,      CC "(" OBJ "J" #Desc ")V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_Put##Type)}, \
1082     {CC "get"  #Type "Volatile",      CC "(" OBJ "J)" #Desc,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Type##Volatile)}, \
1083     {CC "put"  #Type "Volatile",      CC "(" OBJ "J" #Desc ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_Put##Type##Volatile)}
1084 
1085 
1086 static JNINativeMethod jdk_internal_misc_Unsafe_methods[] = {
1087     {CC "getReference",         CC "(" OBJ "J)" OBJ "",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetReference)},
1088     {CC "putReference",         CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_PutReference)},
1089     {CC "getReferenceVolatile", CC "(" OBJ "J)" OBJ,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetReferenceVolatile)},
1090     {CC "putReferenceVolatile", CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_PutReferenceVolatile)},
1091 
1092     {CC "isFlatField0",         CC "(" OBJ ")Z",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_IsFlatField)},
1093     {CC "hasNullMarker0",       CC "(" OBJ ")Z",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_HasNullMarker)},
1094     {CC "nullMarkerOffset0",    CC "(" OBJ ")I",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_NullMarkerOffset)},
1095     {CC "arrayLayout0",         CC "(" OBJ_ARR ")I",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayLayout)},
1096     {CC "fieldLayout0",         CC "(" OBJ ")I",          FN_PTR(Unsafe_FieldLayout)},
1097     {CC "newSpecialArray",      CC "(" CLS "II)[" OBJ,    FN_PTR(Unsafe_NewSpecialArray)},
1098     {CC "getFlatValue",         CC "(" OBJ "JI" CLS ")" OBJ, FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetFlatValue)},
1099     {CC "putFlatValue",         CC "(" OBJ "JI" CLS OBJ ")V", FN_PTR(Unsafe_PutFlatValue)},
1100     {CC "valueHeaderSize",       CC "(" CLS ")J",         FN_PTR(Unsafe_ValueHeaderSize)},
1101     {CC "getUncompressedObject", CC "(" ADR ")" OBJ,  FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetUncompressedObject)},
1102 
1103     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Boolean, Z),
1104     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Byte, B),
1105     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Short, S),
1106     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Char, C),
1107     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Int, I),
1108     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Long, J),
1109     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Float, F),
1110     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Double, D),
1111 
1112     {CC "allocateMemory0",    CC "(J)" ADR,              FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateMemory0)},
1113     {CC "reallocateMemory0",  CC "(" ADR "J)" ADR,       FN_PTR(Unsafe_ReallocateMemory0)},
1114     {CC "freeMemory0",        CC "(" ADR ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_FreeMemory0)},
1115 
1116     {CC "objectFieldOffset0", CC "(" FLD ")J",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset0)},
1117     {CC "knownObjectFieldOffset0", CC "(" CLS LANG "String;)J", FN_PTR(Unsafe_KnownObjectFieldOffset0)},
1118     {CC "staticFieldOffset0", CC "(" FLD ")J",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset0)},
1119     {CC "staticFieldBase0",   CC "(" FLD ")" OBJ,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldBase0)},
1120     {CC "ensureClassInitialized0", CC "(" CLS ")V",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized0)},
1121     {CC "arrayBaseOffset0",   CC "(" CLS ")I",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset0)},
1122     {CC "arrayInstanceBaseOffset0",   CC "(" OBJ_ARR ")I", FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayInstanceBaseOffset0)},
1123     {CC "arrayIndexScale0",   CC "(" CLS ")I",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale0)},
1124     {CC "arrayInstanceIndexScale0",   CC "(" OBJ_ARR ")I", FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayInstanceIndexScale0)},
1125     {CC "getFieldMap0",       CC "(Ljava/lang/Class;)[I", FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetFieldMap0)},
1126     {CC "getObjectSize0",     CC "(Ljava/lang/Object;)J", FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObjectSize0)},
1127 
1128     {CC "defineClass0",       CC "(" DC_Args ")" CLS,    FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass0)},
1129     {CC "allocateInstance",   CC "(" CLS ")" OBJ,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateInstance)},
1130     {CC "throwException",     CC "(" THR ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ThrowException)},
1131     {CC "compareAndSetReference",CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "" OBJ ")Z", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSetReference)},
1132     {CC "compareAndSetInt",   CC "(" OBJ "J""I""I"")Z",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSetInt)},
1133     {CC "compareAndSetLong",  CC "(" OBJ "J""J""J"")Z",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSetLong)},
1134     {CC "compareAndExchangeReference", CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "" OBJ ")" OBJ, FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeReference)},
1135     {CC "compareAndExchangeInt",  CC "(" OBJ "J""I""I"")I", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeInt)},
1136     {CC "compareAndExchangeLong", CC "(" OBJ "J""J""J"")J", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeLong)},
1137 
1138     {CC "park",               CC "(ZJ)V",                FN_PTR(Unsafe_Park)},
1139     {CC "unpark",             CC "(" OBJ ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_Unpark)},
1140 
1141     {CC "getLoadAverage0",    CC "([DI)I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetLoadAverage0)},
1142 
1143     {CC "copyMemory0",        CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "JJ)V", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory0)},
1144     {CC "copySwapMemory0",    CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "JJJ)V", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopySwapMemory0)},
1145     {CC "writeback0",         CC "(" "J" ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_WriteBack0)},
1146     {CC "writebackPreSync0",  CC "()V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_WriteBackPreSync0)},
1147     {CC "writebackPostSync0", CC "()V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_WriteBackPostSync0)},
1148     {CC "setMemory0",         CC "(" OBJ "JJB)V",        FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory0)},
1149 
1150     {CC "shouldBeInitialized0", CC "(" CLS ")Z",         FN_PTR(Unsafe_ShouldBeInitialized0)},
1151     {CC "notifyStrictStaticAccess0", CC "(" CLS "JZ)V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_NotifyStrictStaticAccess0)},
1152 
1153     {CC "fullFence",          CC "()V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_FullFence)},
1154 };
1155 
1156 #undef CC
1157 #undef FN_PTR
1158 
1159 #undef ADR
1160 #undef LANG
1161 #undef OBJ
1162 #undef CLS
1163 #undef FLD
1164 #undef THR
1165 #undef DC_Args
1166 #undef DAC_Args
1167 
1168 #undef DECLARE_GETPUTOOP
1169 
1170 
1171 // This function is exported, used by NativeLookup.
1172 // The Unsafe_xxx functions above are called only from the interpreter.
1173 // The optimizer looks at names and signatures to recognize
1174 // individual functions.
1175 
1176 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_RegisterJDKInternalMiscUnsafeMethods(JNIEnv *env, jclass unsafeclass)) {
1177   ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
1178 
1179   int ok = env->RegisterNatives(unsafeclass, jdk_internal_misc_Unsafe_methods, sizeof(jdk_internal_misc_Unsafe_methods)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
1180   guarantee(ok == 0, "register jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe natives");
1181 } JVM_END