1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classFileStream.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoadInfo.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  33 #include "jni.h"
  34 #include "jvm.h"
  35 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  37 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  38 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/fieldStreams.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/flatArrayKlass.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/flatArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/inlineKlass.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  50 #include "prims/unsafe.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/threadSMR.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  64 #include "services/threadService.hpp"
  65 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  66 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  67 #include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  69 
  70 /**
  71  * Implementation of the jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe class
  72  */
  73 
  74 
  75 #define MAX_OBJECT_SIZE \
  76   ( arrayOopDesc::header_size(T_DOUBLE) * HeapWordSize \
  77     + ((julong)max_jint * sizeof(double)) )
  78 
  79 #define UNSAFE_ENTRY(result_type, header) \
  80   JVM_ENTRY(static result_type, header)
  81 
  82 #define UNSAFE_LEAF(result_type, header) \
  83   JVM_LEAF(static result_type, header)
  84 
  85 // Note that scoped accesses (cf. scopedMemoryAccess.cpp) can install
  86 // an async handshake on the entry to an Unsafe method. When that happens,
  87 // it is expected that we are not allowed to touch the underlying memory
  88 // that might have gotten unmapped. Therefore, we check at the entry
  89 // to unsafe functions, if we have such async exception conditions,
  90 // and return immediately if that is the case.
  91 //
  92 // We also use NoSafepointVerifier to block potential safepoints.
  93 // It would be problematic if an async exception handshake were installed later on
  94 // during another safepoint in the function, but before the memory access happens,
  95 // as the memory will be freed after the handshake is installed. We must notice
  96 // the installed handshake and return early before doing the memory access to prevent
  97 // accesses to freed memory.
  98 //
  99 // Note also that we MUST do a scoped memory access in the VM (or Java) thread
 100 // state. Since we rely on a handshake to check for threads that are accessing
 101 // scoped memory, and we need the handshaking thread to wait until we get to a
 102 // safepoint, in order to make sure we are not in the middle of accessing memory
 103 // that is about to be freed. (i.e. there can be no UNSAFE_LEAF_SCOPED)
 104 #define UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(result_type, header) \
 105   JVM_ENTRY(static result_type, header) \
 106   if (thread->has_async_exception_condition()) {return (result_type)0;} \
 107   NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 108 
 109 #define UNSAFE_END JVM_END
 110 
 111 
 112 static inline void* addr_from_java(jlong addr) {
 113   // This assert fails in a variety of ways on 32-bit systems.
 114   // It is impossible to predict whether native code that converts
 115   // pointers to longs will sign-extend or zero-extend the addresses.
 116   //assert(addr == (uintptr_t)addr, "must not be odd high bits");
 117   return (void*)(uintptr_t)addr;
 118 }
 119 
 120 static inline jlong addr_to_java(void* p) {
 121   assert(p == (void*)(uintptr_t)p, "must not be odd high bits");
 122   return (uintptr_t)p;
 123 }
 124 
 125 
 126 // Note: The VM's obj_field and related accessors use byte-scaled
 127 // ("unscaled") offsets, just as the unsafe methods do.
 128 
 129 // However, the method Unsafe.fieldOffset explicitly declines to
 130 // guarantee this.  The field offset values manipulated by the Java user
 131 // through the Unsafe API are opaque cookies that just happen to be byte
 132 // offsets.  We represent this state of affairs by passing the cookies
 133 // through conversion functions when going between the VM and the Unsafe API.
 134 // The conversion functions just happen to be no-ops at present.
 135 
 136 static inline jlong field_offset_to_byte_offset(jlong field_offset) {
 137   return field_offset;
 138 }
 139 
 140 static inline int field_offset_from_byte_offset(int byte_offset) {
 141   return byte_offset;
 142 }
 143 
 144 static inline void assert_field_offset_sane(oop p, jlong field_offset) {
 145 #ifdef ASSERT
 146   jlong byte_offset = field_offset_to_byte_offset(field_offset);
 147 
 148   if (p != nullptr) {
 149     assert(byte_offset >= 0 && byte_offset <= (jlong)MAX_OBJECT_SIZE, "sane offset");
 150     if (byte_offset == (jint)byte_offset) {
 151       void* ptr_plus_disp = cast_from_oop<address>(p) + byte_offset;
 152       assert(p->field_addr<void>((jint)byte_offset) == ptr_plus_disp,
 153              "raw [ptr+disp] must be consistent with oop::field_addr");
 154     }
 155     jlong p_size = HeapWordSize * (jlong)(p->size());
 156     assert(byte_offset < p_size, "Unsafe access: offset " INT64_FORMAT " > object's size " INT64_FORMAT, (int64_t)byte_offset, (int64_t)p_size);
 157   }
 158 #endif
 159 }
 160 
 161 static inline void* index_oop_from_field_offset_long(oop p, jlong field_offset) {
 162   assert_field_offset_sane(p, field_offset);
 163   jlong byte_offset = field_offset_to_byte_offset(field_offset);
 164 
 165   if (sizeof(char*) == sizeof(jint)) {   // (this constant folds!)
 166     return cast_from_oop<address>(p) + (jint) byte_offset;
 167   } else {
 168     return cast_from_oop<address>(p) +        byte_offset;
 169   }
 170 }
 171 
 172 // Externally callable versions:
 173 // (Use these in compiler intrinsics which emulate unsafe primitives.)
 174 jlong Unsafe_field_offset_to_byte_offset(jlong field_offset) {
 175   return field_offset;
 176 }
 177 jlong Unsafe_field_offset_from_byte_offset(jlong byte_offset) {
 178   return byte_offset;
 179 }
 180 
 181 ///// Data read/writes on the Java heap and in native (off-heap) memory
 182 
 183 /**
 184  * Helper class to wrap memory accesses in JavaThread::doing_unsafe_access()
 185  */
 186 class GuardUnsafeAccess {
 187   JavaThread* _thread;
 188 
 189 public:
 190   GuardUnsafeAccess(JavaThread* thread) : _thread(thread) {
 191     // native/off-heap access which may raise SIGBUS if accessing
 192     // memory mapped file data in a region of the file which has
 193     // been truncated and is now invalid.
 194     _thread->set_doing_unsafe_access(true);
 195   }
 196 
 197   ~GuardUnsafeAccess() {
 198     _thread->set_doing_unsafe_access(false);
 199   }
 200 };
 201 
 202 /**
 203  * Helper class for accessing memory.
 204  *
 205  * Normalizes values and wraps accesses in
 206  * JavaThread::doing_unsafe_access() if needed.
 207  */
 208 template <typename T>
 209 class MemoryAccess : StackObj {
 210   JavaThread* _thread;
 211   oop _obj;
 212   ptrdiff_t _offset;
 213 
 214   // Resolves and returns the address of the memory access.
 215   // This raw memory access may fault, so we make sure it happens within the
 216   // guarded scope by making the access volatile at least. Since the store
 217   // of Thread::set_doing_unsafe_access() is also volatile, these accesses
 218   // can not be reordered by the compiler. Therefore, if the access triggers
 219   // a fault, we will know that Thread::doing_unsafe_access() returns true.
 220   volatile T* addr() {
 221     void* addr = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(_obj, _offset);
 222     return static_cast<volatile T*>(addr);
 223   }
 224 
 225   template <typename U>
 226   U normalize_for_write(U x) {
 227     return x;
 228   }
 229 
 230   jboolean normalize_for_write(jboolean x) {
 231     return x & 1;
 232   }
 233 
 234   template <typename U>
 235   U normalize_for_read(U x) {
 236     return x;
 237   }
 238 
 239   jboolean normalize_for_read(jboolean x) {
 240     return x != 0;
 241   }
 242 
 243 public:
 244   MemoryAccess(JavaThread* thread, jobject obj, jlong offset)
 245     : _thread(thread), _obj(JNIHandles::resolve(obj)), _offset((ptrdiff_t)offset) {
 246     assert_field_offset_sane(_obj, offset);
 247   }
 248 
 249   T get() {
 250     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 251     return normalize_for_read(*addr());
 252   }
 253 
 254   void put(T x) {
 255     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 256     assert(_obj == nullptr || !_obj->is_inline_type() || _obj->mark().is_larval_state(), "must be an object instance or a larval inline type");
 257     *addr() = normalize_for_write(x);
 258   }
 259 
 260   T get_volatile() {
 261     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 262     volatile T ret = RawAccess<MO_SEQ_CST>::load(addr());
 263     return normalize_for_read(ret);
 264   }
 265 
 266   void put_volatile(T x) {
 267     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(_thread);
 268     RawAccess<MO_SEQ_CST>::store(addr(), normalize_for_write(x));
 269   }
 270 };
 271 
 272 #ifdef ASSERT
 273 /*
 274  * Get the field descriptor of the field of the given object at the given offset.
 275  */
 276 static bool get_field_descriptor(oop p, jlong offset, fieldDescriptor* fd) {
 277   bool found = false;
 278   Klass* k = p->klass();
 279   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 280     InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 281     found = ik->find_field_from_offset((int)offset, false, fd);
 282     if (!found && ik->is_mirror_instance_klass()) {
 283       Klass* k2 = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(p);
 284       if (k2->is_instance_klass()) {
 285         ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k2);
 286         found = ik->find_field_from_offset((int)offset, true, fd);
 287       }
 288     }
 289   }
 290   return found;
 291 }
 292 #endif // ASSERT
 293 
 294 static void assert_and_log_unsafe_value_access(oop p, jlong offset, InlineKlass* vk) {
 295   Klass* k = p->klass();
 296 #ifdef ASSERT
 297   if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 298     assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 299     fieldDescriptor fd;
 300     bool found = get_field_descriptor(p, offset, &fd);
 301     if (found) {
 302       assert(found, "value field not found");
 303       assert(fd.is_flat(), "field not flat");
 304     } else {
 305       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, valuetypes)) {
 306         log_trace(valuetypes)("not a field in %s at offset " UINT64_FORMAT_X,
 307                               p->klass()->external_name(), (uint64_t)offset);
 308       }
 309     }
 310   } else if (k->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 311     FlatArrayKlass* vak = FlatArrayKlass::cast(k);
 312     int index = (offset - vak->array_header_in_bytes()) / vak->element_byte_size();
 313     address dest = (address)((flatArrayOop)p)->value_at_addr(index, vak->layout_helper());
 314     assert(dest == (cast_from_oop<address>(p) + offset), "invalid offset");
 315   } else {
 316     ShouldNotReachHere();
 317   }
 318 #endif // ASSERT
 319   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, valuetypes)) {
 320     if (k->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 321       FlatArrayKlass* vak = FlatArrayKlass::cast(k);
 322       int index = (offset - vak->array_header_in_bytes()) / vak->element_byte_size();
 323       address dest = (address)((flatArrayOop)p)->value_at_addr(index, vak->layout_helper());
 324       log_trace(valuetypes)("%s array type %s index %d element size %d offset " UINT64_FORMAT_X " at " INTPTR_FORMAT,
 325                             p->klass()->external_name(), vak->external_name(),
 326                             index, vak->element_byte_size(), (uint64_t)offset, p2i(dest));
 327     } else {
 328       log_trace(valuetypes)("%s field type %s at offset " UINT64_FORMAT_X,
 329                             p->klass()->external_name(), vk->external_name(), (uint64_t)offset);
 330     }
 331   }
 332 }
 333 
 334 // These functions allow a null base pointer with an arbitrary address.
 335 // But if the base pointer is non-null, the offset should make some sense.
 336 // That is, it should be in the range [0, MAX_OBJECT_SIZE].
 337 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) {
 338   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 339   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 340   oop v = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(p, offset);
 341   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 342 } UNSAFE_END
 343 
 344 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PutReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h)) {
 345   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 346   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 347   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 348   assert(!p->is_inline_type() || p->mark().is_larval_state(), "must be an object instance or a larval inline type");
 349   HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_store_at(p, offset, x);
 350 } UNSAFE_END
 351 
 352 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ValueHeaderSize(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass c)) {
 353   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(c));
 354   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 355   return vk->first_field_offset();
 356 } UNSAFE_END
 357 
 358 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_IsFlatField(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject o)) {
 359   oop f = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(o);
 360   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(f));
 361   int slot = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(f);
 362   return InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_is_flat(slot);
 363 } UNSAFE_END
 364 
 365 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_IsFlatArray(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass c)) {
 366   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(c));
 367   return k->is_flatArray_klass();
 368 } UNSAFE_END
 369 
 370 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_UninitializedDefaultValue(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass vc)) {
 371   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(vc));
 372   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 373   oop v = vk->default_value();
 374   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 375 } UNSAFE_END
 376 
 377 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetValue(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jclass vc)) {
 378   oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 379   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(vc));
 380   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 381   assert_and_log_unsafe_value_access(base, offset, vk);
 382   Handle base_h(THREAD, base);
 383   oop v = vk->read_flat_field(base_h(), offset, CHECK_NULL);
 384   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 385 } UNSAFE_END
 386 
 387 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PutValue(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jclass vc, jobject value)) {
 388   oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 389   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(vc));
 390   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(k);
 391   assert(!base->is_inline_type() || base->mark().is_larval_state(), "must be an object instance or a larval inline type");
 392   assert_and_log_unsafe_value_access(base, offset, vk);
 393   oop v = JNIHandles::resolve(value);
 394   vk->write_flat_field(base, offset, v, CHECK);
 395 } UNSAFE_END
 396 
 397 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_MakePrivateBuffer(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject value)) {
 398   oop v = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(value);
 399   assert(v->is_inline_type(), "must be an inline type instance");
 400   Handle vh(THREAD, v);
 401   InlineKlass* vk = InlineKlass::cast(v->klass());
 402   instanceOop new_value = vk->allocate_instance_buffer(CHECK_NULL);
 403   vk->inline_copy_oop_to_new_oop(vh(),  new_value);
 404   markWord mark = new_value->mark();
 405   new_value->set_mark(mark.enter_larval_state());
 406   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, new_value);
 407 } UNSAFE_END
 408 
 409 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_FinishPrivateBuffer(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject value)) {
 410   oop v = JNIHandles::resolve(value);
 411   assert(v->mark().is_larval_state(), "must be a larval value");
 412   markWord mark = v->mark();
 413   v->set_mark(mark.exit_larval_state());
 414   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 415 } UNSAFE_END
 416 
 417 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetReferenceVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) {
 418   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 419   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 420   oop v = HeapAccess<MO_SEQ_CST | ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_load_at(p, offset);
 421   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 422 } UNSAFE_END
 423 
 424 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_PutReferenceVolatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject x_h)) {
 425   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 426   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 427   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 428   HeapAccess<MO_SEQ_CST | ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_store_at(p, offset, x);
 429 } UNSAFE_END
 430 
 431 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_GetUncompressedObject(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr)) {
 432   oop v = *(oop*) (address) addr;
 433   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, v);
 434 } UNSAFE_END
 435 
 436 #define DEFINE_GETSETOOP(java_type, Type) \
 437  \
 438 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(java_type, Unsafe_Get##Type(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) { \
 439   return MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).get(); \
 440 } UNSAFE_END \
 441  \
 442 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(void, Unsafe_Put##Type(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, java_type x)) { \
 443   MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).put(x); \
 444 } UNSAFE_END \
 445  \
 446 // END DEFINE_GETSETOOP.
 447 
 448 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jboolean, Boolean)
 449 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jbyte, Byte)
 450 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jshort, Short);
 451 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jchar, Char);
 452 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jint, Int);
 453 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jlong, Long);
 454 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jfloat, Float);
 455 DEFINE_GETSETOOP(jdouble, Double);
 456 
 457 #undef DEFINE_GETSETOOP
 458 
 459 #define DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(java_type, Type) \
 460  \
 461 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(java_type, Unsafe_Get##Type##Volatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset)) { \
 462   return MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).get_volatile(); \
 463 } UNSAFE_END \
 464  \
 465 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(void, Unsafe_Put##Type##Volatile(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, java_type x)) { \
 466   MemoryAccess<java_type>(thread, obj, offset).put_volatile(x); \
 467 } UNSAFE_END \
 468  \
 469 // END DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE.
 470 
 471 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jboolean, Boolean)
 472 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jbyte, Byte)
 473 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jshort, Short);
 474 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jchar, Char);
 475 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jint, Int);
 476 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jlong, Long);
 477 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jfloat, Float);
 478 DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE(jdouble, Double);
 479 
 480 #undef DEFINE_GETSETOOP_VOLATILE
 481 
 482 UNSAFE_LEAF(void, Unsafe_FullFence(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe)) {
 483   OrderAccess::fence();
 484 } UNSAFE_END
 485 
 486 ////// Allocation requests
 487 
 488 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_AllocateInstance(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass cls)) {
 489   JvmtiVMObjectAllocEventCollector oam;
 490   instanceOop i = InstanceKlass::allocate_instance(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(cls), CHECK_NULL);
 491   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, i);
 492 } UNSAFE_END
 493 
 494 UNSAFE_LEAF(jlong, Unsafe_AllocateMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong size)) {
 495   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 496 
 497   assert(is_aligned(sz, HeapWordSize), "sz not aligned");
 498 
 499   void* x = os::malloc(sz, mtOther);
 500 
 501   return addr_to_java(x);
 502 } UNSAFE_END
 503 
 504 UNSAFE_LEAF(jlong, Unsafe_ReallocateMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr, jlong size)) {
 505   void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
 506   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 507 
 508   assert(is_aligned(sz, HeapWordSize), "sz not aligned");
 509 
 510   void* x = os::realloc(p, sz, mtOther);
 511 
 512   return addr_to_java(x);
 513 } UNSAFE_END
 514 
 515 UNSAFE_LEAF(void, Unsafe_FreeMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong addr)) {
 516   void* p = addr_from_java(addr);
 517 
 518   os::free(p);
 519 } UNSAFE_END
 520 
 521 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(void, Unsafe_SetMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong size, jbyte value)) {
 522   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 523 
 524   oop base = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 525   void* p = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(base, offset);
 526 
 527   Copy::fill_to_memory_atomic(p, sz, value);
 528 } UNSAFE_END
 529 
 530 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(void, Unsafe_CopyMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject srcObj, jlong srcOffset, jobject dstObj, jlong dstOffset, jlong size)) {
 531   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 532 
 533   oop srcp = JNIHandles::resolve(srcObj);
 534   oop dstp = JNIHandles::resolve(dstObj);
 535 
 536   void* src = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(srcp, srcOffset);
 537   void* dst = index_oop_from_field_offset_long(dstp, dstOffset);
 538   {
 539     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(thread);
 540     if (StubRoutines::unsafe_arraycopy() != nullptr) {
 541       MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, thread));
 542       StubRoutines::UnsafeArrayCopy_stub()(src, dst, sz);
 543     } else {
 544       Copy::conjoint_memory_atomic(src, dst, sz);
 545     }
 546   }
 547 } UNSAFE_END
 548 
 549 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(void, Unsafe_CopySwapMemory0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject srcObj, jlong srcOffset, jobject dstObj, jlong dstOffset, jlong size, jlong elemSize)) {
 550   size_t sz = (size_t)size;
 551   size_t esz = (size_t)elemSize;
 552 
 553   oop srcp = JNIHandles::resolve(srcObj);
 554   oop dstp = JNIHandles::resolve(dstObj);
 555 
 556   address src = (address)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(srcp, srcOffset);
 557   address dst = (address)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(dstp, dstOffset);
 558 
 559   {
 560     GuardUnsafeAccess guard(thread);
 561     Copy::conjoint_swap(src, dst, sz, esz);
 562   }
 563 } UNSAFE_END
 564 
 565 UNSAFE_LEAF (void, Unsafe_WriteBack0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jlong line)) {
 566   assert(VM_Version::supports_data_cache_line_flush(), "should not get here");
 567 #ifdef ASSERT
 568   if (TraceMemoryWriteback) {
 569     tty->print_cr("Unsafe: writeback 0x%p", addr_from_java(line));
 570   }
 571 #endif
 572 
 573   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, Thread::current()));
 574   assert(StubRoutines::data_cache_writeback() != nullptr, "sanity");
 575   (StubRoutines::DataCacheWriteback_stub())(addr_from_java(line));
 576 } UNSAFE_END
 577 
 578 static void doWriteBackSync0(bool is_pre)
 579 {
 580   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXExec, Thread::current()));
 581   assert(StubRoutines::data_cache_writeback_sync() != nullptr, "sanity");
 582   (StubRoutines::DataCacheWritebackSync_stub())(is_pre);
 583 }
 584 
 585 UNSAFE_LEAF (void, Unsafe_WriteBackPreSync0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe)) {
 586   assert(VM_Version::supports_data_cache_line_flush(), "should not get here");
 587 #ifdef ASSERT
 588   if (TraceMemoryWriteback) {
 589       tty->print_cr("Unsafe: writeback pre-sync");
 590   }
 591 #endif
 592 
 593   doWriteBackSync0(true);
 594 } UNSAFE_END
 595 
 596 UNSAFE_LEAF (void, Unsafe_WriteBackPostSync0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe)) {
 597   assert(VM_Version::supports_data_cache_line_flush(), "should not get here");
 598 #ifdef ASSERT
 599   if (TraceMemoryWriteback) {
 600     tty->print_cr("Unsafe: writeback pre-sync");
 601   }
 602 #endif
 603 
 604   doWriteBackSync0(false);
 605 } UNSAFE_END
 606 
 607 ////// Random queries
 608 
 609 static jlong find_field_offset(jclass clazz, jstring name, TRAPS) {
 610   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 611   assert(name != nullptr, "name must not be null");
 612 
 613   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 614   char *utf_name = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(name));
 615 
 616   InstanceKlass* k = InstanceKlass::cast(java_lang_Class::as_Klass(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz)));
 617 
 618   jint offset = -1;
 619   for (JavaFieldStream fs(k); !fs.done(); fs.next()) {
 620     Symbol *name = fs.name();
 621     if (name->equals(utf_name)) {
 622       offset = fs.offset();
 623       break;
 624     }
 625   }
 626   if (offset < 0) {
 627     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError());
 628   }
 629   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(offset);
 630 }
 631 
 632 static jlong find_field_offset(jobject field, int must_be_static, TRAPS) {
 633   assert(field != nullptr, "field must not be null");
 634 
 635   oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
 636   oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
 637   Klass* k        = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 638   int slot        = java_lang_reflect_Field::slot(reflected);
 639   int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);
 640 
 641   if (must_be_static >= 0) {
 642     int really_is_static = ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) != 0);
 643     if (must_be_static != really_is_static) {
 644       THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 645     }
 646   }
 647 
 648   int offset = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->field_offset(slot);
 649   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(offset);
 650 }
 651 
 652 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 653   return find_field_offset(field, 0, THREAD);
 654 } UNSAFE_END
 655 
 656 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset1(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass c, jstring name)) {
 657   return find_field_offset(c, name, THREAD);
 658 } UNSAFE_END
 659 
 660 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 661   return find_field_offset(field, 1, THREAD);
 662 } UNSAFE_END
 663 
 664 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_StaticFieldBase0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject field)) {
 665   assert(field != nullptr, "field must not be null");
 666 
 667   // Note:  In this VM implementation, a field address is always a short
 668   // offset from the base of a klass metaobject.  Thus, the full dynamic
 669   // range of the return type is never used.  However, some implementations
 670   // might put the static field inside an array shared by many classes,
 671   // or even at a fixed address, in which case the address could be quite
 672   // large.  In that last case, this function would return null, since
 673   // the address would operate alone, without any base pointer.
 674 
 675   oop reflected   = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(field);
 676   oop mirror      = java_lang_reflect_Field::clazz(reflected);
 677   int modifiers   = java_lang_reflect_Field::modifiers(reflected);
 678 
 679   if ((modifiers & JVM_ACC_STATIC) == 0) {
 680     THROW_0(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 681   }
 682 
 683   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, mirror);
 684 } UNSAFE_END
 685 
 686 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz)) {
 687   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 688 
 689   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 690 
 691   Klass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 692   if (klass != nullptr && klass->should_be_initialized()) {
 693     InstanceKlass* k = InstanceKlass::cast(klass);
 694     k->initialize(CHECK);
 695   }
 696 }
 697 UNSAFE_END
 698 
 699 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_ShouldBeInitialized0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject clazz)) {
 700   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 701 
 702   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 703   Klass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 704 
 705   if (klass != nullptr && klass->should_be_initialized()) {
 706     return true;
 707   }
 708 
 709   return false;
 710 }
 711 UNSAFE_END
 712 
 713 static void getBaseAndScale(int& base, int& scale, jclass clazz, TRAPS) {
 714   assert(clazz != nullptr, "clazz must not be null");
 715 
 716   oop mirror = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(clazz);
 717   Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
 718 
 719   if (k == nullptr || !k->is_array_klass()) {
 720     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_InvalidClassException());
 721   } else if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 722     base  = arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(T_OBJECT);
 723     scale = heapOopSize;
 724   } else if (k->is_typeArray_klass()) {
 725     TypeArrayKlass* tak = TypeArrayKlass::cast(k);
 726     base  = tak->array_header_in_bytes();
 727     assert(base == arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(tak->element_type()), "array_header_size semantics ok");
 728     scale = (1 << tak->log2_element_size());
 729   } else if (k->is_flatArray_klass()) {
 730     FlatArrayKlass* vak = FlatArrayKlass::cast(k);
 731     InlineKlass* vklass = vak->element_klass();
 732     base = vak->array_header_in_bytes();
 733     scale = vak->element_byte_size();
 734   } else {
 735     ShouldNotReachHere();
 736   }
 737 }
 738 
 739 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass clazz)) {
 740   int base = 0, scale = 0;
 741   getBaseAndScale(base, scale, clazz, CHECK_0);
 742 
 743   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(base);
 744 } UNSAFE_END
 745 
 746 
 747 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jclass clazz)) {
 748   int base = 0, scale = 0;
 749   getBaseAndScale(base, scale, clazz, CHECK_0);
 750 
 751   // This VM packs both fields and array elements down to the byte.
 752   // But watch out:  If this changes, so that array references for
 753   // a given primitive type (say, T_BOOLEAN) use different memory units
 754   // than fields, this method MUST return zero for such arrays.
 755   // For example, the VM used to store sub-word sized fields in full
 756   // words in the object layout, so that accessors like getByte(Object,int)
 757   // did not really do what one might expect for arrays.  Therefore,
 758   // this function used to report a zero scale factor, so that the user
 759   // would know not to attempt to access sub-word array elements.
 760   // // Code for unpacked fields:
 761   // if (scale < wordSize)  return 0;
 762 
 763   // The following allows for a pretty general fieldOffset cookie scheme,
 764   // but requires it to be linear in byte offset.
 765   return field_offset_from_byte_offset(scale) - field_offset_from_byte_offset(0);
 766 } UNSAFE_END
 767 
 768 
 769 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jlong, Unsafe_GetObjectSize0(JNIEnv* env, jobject o, jobject obj))
 770   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 771   return p->size() * HeapWordSize;
 772 UNSAFE_END
 773 
 774 
 775 static inline void throw_new(JNIEnv *env, const char *ename) {
 776   jclass cls = env->FindClass(ename);
 777   if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
 778     env->ExceptionClear();
 779     tty->print_cr("Unsafe: cannot throw %s because FindClass has failed", ename);
 780     return;
 781   }
 782 
 783   env->ThrowNew(cls, nullptr);
 784 }
 785 
 786 static jclass Unsafe_DefineClass_impl(JNIEnv *env, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length, jobject loader, jobject pd) {
 787   // Code lifted from JDK 1.3 ClassLoader.c
 788 
 789   jbyte *body;
 790   char *utfName = nullptr;
 791   jclass result = 0;
 792   char buf[128];
 793 
 794   assert(data != nullptr, "Class bytes must not be null");
 795   assert(length >= 0, "length must not be negative: %d", length);
 796 
 797   if (UsePerfData) {
 798     ClassLoader::unsafe_defineClassCallCounter()->inc();
 799   }
 800 
 801   body = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(jbyte, length, mtInternal);
 802   if (body == nullptr) {
 803     throw_new(env, "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError");
 804     return 0;
 805   }
 806 
 807   env->GetByteArrayRegion(data, offset, length, body);
 808   if (env->ExceptionOccurred()) {
 809     goto free_body;
 810   }
 811 
 812   if (name != nullptr) {
 813     uint len = env->GetStringUTFLength(name);
 814     int unicode_len = env->GetStringLength(name);
 815 
 816     if (len >= sizeof(buf)) {
 817       utfName = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, len + 1, mtInternal);
 818       if (utfName == nullptr) {
 819         throw_new(env, "java/lang/OutOfMemoryError");
 820         goto free_body;
 821       }
 822     } else {
 823       utfName = buf;
 824     }
 825 
 826     env->GetStringUTFRegion(name, 0, unicode_len, utfName);
 827 
 828     for (uint i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 829       if (utfName[i] == '.')   utfName[i] = '/';
 830     }
 831   }
 832 
 833   result = JVM_DefineClass(env, utfName, loader, body, length, pd);
 834 
 835   if (utfName && utfName != buf) {
 836     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, utfName);
 837   }
 838 
 839  free_body:
 840   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jbyte, body);
 841   return result;
 842 }
 843 
 844 
 845 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jclass, Unsafe_DefineClass0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jstring name, jbyteArray data, int offset, int length, jobject loader, jobject pd)) {
 846   ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
 847 
 848   return Unsafe_DefineClass_impl(env, name, data, offset, length, loader, pd);
 849 } UNSAFE_END
 850 
 851 
 852 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_ThrowException(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jthrowable thr)) {
 853   ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
 854   env->Throw(thr);
 855 } UNSAFE_END
 856 
 857 // JSR166 ------------------------------------------------------------------
 858 
 859 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jobject, Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject e_h, jobject x_h)) {
 860   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 861   oop e = JNIHandles::resolve(e_h);
 862   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 863   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 864   oop res = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_atomic_cmpxchg_at(p, (ptrdiff_t)offset, e, x);
 865   return JNIHandles::make_local(THREAD, res);
 866 } UNSAFE_END
 867 
 868 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(jint, Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeInt(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint e, jint x)) {
 869   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 870   volatile jint* addr = (volatile jint*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 871   return Atomic::cmpxchg(addr, e, x);
 872 } UNSAFE_END
 873 
 874 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(jlong, Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong e, jlong x)) {
 875   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 876   volatile jlong* addr = (volatile jlong*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 877   return Atomic::cmpxchg(addr, e, x);
 878 } UNSAFE_END
 879 
 880 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSetReference(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject e_h, jobject x_h)) {
 881   oop x = JNIHandles::resolve(x_h);
 882   oop e = JNIHandles::resolve(e_h);
 883   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 884   assert_field_offset_sane(p, offset);
 885   oop ret = HeapAccess<ON_UNKNOWN_OOP_REF>::oop_atomic_cmpxchg_at(p, (ptrdiff_t)offset, e, x);
 886   return ret == e;
 887 } UNSAFE_END
 888 
 889 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSetInt(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jint e, jint x)) {
 890   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 891   volatile jint* addr = (volatile jint*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 892   return Atomic::cmpxchg(addr, e, x) == e;
 893 } UNSAFE_END
 894 
 895 UNSAFE_ENTRY_SCOPED(jboolean, Unsafe_CompareAndSetLong(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong e, jlong x)) {
 896   oop p = JNIHandles::resolve(obj);
 897   volatile jlong* addr = (volatile jlong*)index_oop_from_field_offset_long(p, offset);
 898   return Atomic::cmpxchg(addr, e, x) == e;
 899 } UNSAFE_END
 900 
 901 static void post_thread_park_event(EventThreadPark* event, const oop obj, jlong timeout_nanos, jlong until_epoch_millis) {
 902   assert(event != nullptr, "invariant");
 903   event->set_parkedClass((obj != nullptr) ? obj->klass() : nullptr);
 904   event->set_timeout(timeout_nanos);
 905   event->set_until(until_epoch_millis);
 906   event->set_address((obj != nullptr) ? (u8)cast_from_oop<uintptr_t>(obj) : 0);
 907   event->commit();
 908 }
 909 
 910 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Park(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)) {
 911   HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_BEGIN((uintptr_t) thread->parker(), (int) isAbsolute, time);
 912   EventThreadPark event;
 913 
 914   JavaThreadParkedState jtps(thread, time != 0);
 915   thread->parker()->park(isAbsolute != 0, time);
 916   if (event.should_commit()) {
 917     const oop obj = thread->current_park_blocker();
 918     if (time == 0) {
 919       post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, min_jlong, min_jlong);
 920     } else {
 921       if (isAbsolute != 0) {
 922         post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, min_jlong, time);
 923       } else {
 924         post_thread_park_event(&event, obj, time, min_jlong);
 925       }
 926     }
 927   }
 928   HOTSPOT_THREAD_PARK_END((uintptr_t) thread->parker());
 929 } UNSAFE_END
 930 
 931 UNSAFE_ENTRY(void, Unsafe_Unpark(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jobject jthread)) {
 932   if (jthread != nullptr) {
 933     oop thread_oop = JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread);
 934     // Get the JavaThread* stored in the java.lang.Thread object _before_
 935     // the embedded ThreadsListHandle is constructed so we know if the
 936     // early life stage of the JavaThread* is protected. We use acquire
 937     // here to ensure that if we see a non-nullptr value, then we also
 938     // see the main ThreadsList updates from the JavaThread* being added.
 939     FastThreadsListHandle ftlh(thread_oop, java_lang_Thread::thread_acquire(thread_oop));
 940     JavaThread* thr = ftlh.protected_java_thread();
 941     if (thr != nullptr) {
 942       // The still live JavaThread* is protected by the FastThreadsListHandle
 943       // so it is safe to access.
 944       Parker* p = thr->parker();
 945       HOTSPOT_THREAD_UNPARK((uintptr_t) p);
 946       p->unpark();
 947     }
 948   } // FastThreadsListHandle is destroyed here.
 949 } UNSAFE_END
 950 
 951 UNSAFE_ENTRY(jint, Unsafe_GetLoadAverage0(JNIEnv *env, jobject unsafe, jdoubleArray loadavg, jint nelem)) {
 952   const int max_nelem = 3;
 953   double la[max_nelem];
 954   jint ret;
 955 
 956   typeArrayOop a = typeArrayOop(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(loadavg));
 957   assert(a->is_typeArray(), "must be type array");
 958 
 959   ret = os::loadavg(la, nelem);
 960   if (ret == -1) {
 961     return -1;
 962   }
 963 
 964   // if successful, ret is the number of samples actually retrieved.
 965   assert(ret >= 0 && ret <= max_nelem, "Unexpected loadavg return value");
 966   switch(ret) {
 967     case 3: a->double_at_put(2, (jdouble)la[2]); // fall through
 968     case 2: a->double_at_put(1, (jdouble)la[1]); // fall through
 969     case 1: a->double_at_put(0, (jdouble)la[0]); break;
 970   }
 971 
 972   return ret;
 973 } UNSAFE_END
 974 
 975 
 976 /// JVM_RegisterUnsafeMethods
 977 
 978 #define ADR "J"
 979 
 980 #define LANG "Ljava/lang/"
 981 
 982 #define OBJ LANG "Object;"
 983 #define CLS LANG "Class;"
 984 #define FLD LANG "reflect/Field;"
 985 #define THR LANG "Throwable;"
 986 
 987 #define DC_Args  LANG "String;[BII" LANG "ClassLoader;" "Ljava/security/ProtectionDomain;"
 988 #define DAC_Args CLS "[B[" OBJ
 989 
 990 #define CC (char*)  /*cast a literal from (const char*)*/
 991 #define FN_PTR(f) CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(void*, &f)
 992 
 993 #define DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Type, Desc) \
 994     {CC "get"  #Type,      CC "(" OBJ "J)" #Desc,                 FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Type)}, \
 995     {CC "put"  #Type,      CC "(" OBJ "J" #Desc ")V",             FN_PTR(Unsafe_Put##Type)}, \
 996     {CC "get"  #Type "Volatile",      CC "(" OBJ "J)" #Desc,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_Get##Type##Volatile)}, \
 997     {CC "put"  #Type "Volatile",      CC "(" OBJ "J" #Desc ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_Put##Type##Volatile)}
 998 
 999 
1000 static JNINativeMethod jdk_internal_misc_Unsafe_methods[] = {
1001     {CC "getReference",         CC "(" OBJ "J)" OBJ "",   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetReference)},
1002     {CC "putReference",         CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_PutReference)},
1003     {CC "getReferenceVolatile", CC "(" OBJ "J)" OBJ,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetReferenceVolatile)},
1004     {CC "putReferenceVolatile", CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_PutReferenceVolatile)},
1005 
1006     {CC "isFlatArray", CC "(" CLS ")Z",                   FN_PTR(Unsafe_IsFlatArray)},
1007     {CC "isFlatField0", CC "(" OBJ ")Z",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_IsFlatField)},
1008     {CC "getValue",         CC "(" OBJ "J" CLS ")" OBJ,   FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetValue)},
1009     {CC "putValue",         CC "(" OBJ "J" CLS OBJ ")V",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_PutValue)},
1010     {CC "uninitializedDefaultValue", CC "(" CLS ")" OBJ,  FN_PTR(Unsafe_UninitializedDefaultValue)},
1011     {CC "makePrivateBuffer",     CC "(" OBJ ")" OBJ,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_MakePrivateBuffer)},
1012     {CC "finishPrivateBuffer",   CC "(" OBJ ")" OBJ,      FN_PTR(Unsafe_FinishPrivateBuffer)},
1013     {CC "valueHeaderSize",       CC "(" CLS ")J",         FN_PTR(Unsafe_ValueHeaderSize)},
1014 
1015     {CC "getUncompressedObject", CC "(" ADR ")" OBJ,  FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetUncompressedObject)},
1016 
1017     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Boolean, Z),
1018     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Byte, B),
1019     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Short, S),
1020     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Char, C),
1021     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Int, I),
1022     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Long, J),
1023     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Float, F),
1024     DECLARE_GETPUTOOP(Double, D),
1025 
1026     {CC "allocateMemory0",    CC "(J)" ADR,              FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateMemory0)},
1027     {CC "reallocateMemory0",  CC "(" ADR "J)" ADR,       FN_PTR(Unsafe_ReallocateMemory0)},
1028     {CC "freeMemory0",        CC "(" ADR ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_FreeMemory0)},
1029 
1030     {CC "objectFieldOffset0", CC "(" FLD ")J",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset0)},
1031     {CC "objectFieldOffset1", CC "(" CLS LANG "String;)J", FN_PTR(Unsafe_ObjectFieldOffset1)},
1032     {CC "staticFieldOffset0", CC "(" FLD ")J",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldOffset0)},
1033     {CC "staticFieldBase0",   CC "(" FLD ")" OBJ,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_StaticFieldBase0)},
1034     {CC "ensureClassInitialized0", CC "(" CLS ")V",      FN_PTR(Unsafe_EnsureClassInitialized0)},
1035     {CC "arrayBaseOffset0",   CC "(" CLS ")I",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayBaseOffset0)},
1036     {CC "arrayIndexScale0",   CC "(" CLS ")I",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ArrayIndexScale0)},
1037     {CC "getObjectSize0",     CC "(Ljava/lang/Object;)J", FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetObjectSize0)},
1038 
1039     {CC "defineClass0",       CC "(" DC_Args ")" CLS,    FN_PTR(Unsafe_DefineClass0)},
1040     {CC "allocateInstance",   CC "(" CLS ")" OBJ,        FN_PTR(Unsafe_AllocateInstance)},
1041     {CC "throwException",     CC "(" THR ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_ThrowException)},
1042     {CC "compareAndSetReference",CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "" OBJ ")Z", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSetReference)},
1043     {CC "compareAndSetInt",   CC "(" OBJ "J""I""I"")Z",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSetInt)},
1044     {CC "compareAndSetLong",  CC "(" OBJ "J""J""J"")Z",  FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndSetLong)},
1045     {CC "compareAndExchangeReference", CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "" OBJ ")" OBJ, FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeReference)},
1046     {CC "compareAndExchangeInt",  CC "(" OBJ "J""I""I"")I", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeInt)},
1047     {CC "compareAndExchangeLong", CC "(" OBJ "J""J""J"")J", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CompareAndExchangeLong)},
1048 
1049     {CC "park",               CC "(ZJ)V",                FN_PTR(Unsafe_Park)},
1050     {CC "unpark",             CC "(" OBJ ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_Unpark)},
1051 
1052     {CC "getLoadAverage0",    CC "([DI)I",               FN_PTR(Unsafe_GetLoadAverage0)},
1053 
1054     {CC "copyMemory0",        CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "JJ)V", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopyMemory0)},
1055     {CC "copySwapMemory0",    CC "(" OBJ "J" OBJ "JJJ)V", FN_PTR(Unsafe_CopySwapMemory0)},
1056     {CC "writeback0",         CC "(" "J" ")V",           FN_PTR(Unsafe_WriteBack0)},
1057     {CC "writebackPreSync0",  CC "()V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_WriteBackPreSync0)},
1058     {CC "writebackPostSync0", CC "()V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_WriteBackPostSync0)},
1059     {CC "setMemory0",         CC "(" OBJ "JJB)V",        FN_PTR(Unsafe_SetMemory0)},
1060 
1061     {CC "shouldBeInitialized0", CC "(" CLS ")Z",         FN_PTR(Unsafe_ShouldBeInitialized0)},
1062 
1063     {CC "fullFence",          CC "()V",                  FN_PTR(Unsafe_FullFence)},
1064 };
1065 
1066 #undef CC
1067 #undef FN_PTR
1068 
1069 #undef ADR
1070 #undef LANG
1071 #undef OBJ
1072 #undef CLS
1073 #undef FLD
1074 #undef THR
1075 #undef DC_Args
1076 #undef DAC_Args
1077 
1078 #undef DECLARE_GETPUTOOP
1079 
1080 
1081 // This function is exported, used by NativeLookup.
1082 // The Unsafe_xxx functions above are called only from the interpreter.
1083 // The optimizer looks at names and signatures to recognize
1084 // individual functions.
1085 
1086 JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_RegisterJDKInternalMiscUnsafeMethods(JNIEnv *env, jclass unsafeclass)) {
1087   ThreadToNativeFromVM ttnfv(thread);
1088 
1089   int ok = env->RegisterNatives(unsafeclass, jdk_internal_misc_Unsafe_methods, sizeof(jdk_internal_misc_Unsafe_methods)/sizeof(JNINativeMethod));
1090   guarantee(ok == 0, "register jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe natives");
1091 } JVM_END