1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/aotLogging.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  33 #include "compiler/compilerDefinitions.hpp"
  34 #include "cppstdlib/limits.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/gc_globals.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "jvm.h"
  41 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  42 #include "logging/logConfiguration.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  44 #include "logging/logTag.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "nmt/nmtCommon.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/compressedKlass.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/objLayout.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "prims/jvmtiAgentList.hpp"
  52 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlag.hpp"
  55 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagAccess.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/os.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  64 #include "services/management.hpp"
  65 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  66 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  67 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  69 #include "utilities/parseInteger.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/stringUtils.hpp"
  72 #include "utilities/systemMemoryBarrier.hpp"
  73 #if INCLUDE_JFR
  74 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
  75 #endif
  76 
  77 static const char _default_java_launcher[] = "generic";
  78 
  79 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER _default_java_launcher
  80 
  81 char*  Arguments::_jvm_flags_file               = nullptr;
  82 char** Arguments::_jvm_flags_array              = nullptr;
  83 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_flags                = 0;
  84 char** Arguments::_jvm_args_array               = nullptr;
  85 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_args                 = 0;
  86 unsigned int Arguments::_addmods_count          = 0;
  87 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
  88 bool   Arguments::_jvmci_module_added           = false;
  89 #endif
  90 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = nullptr;
  91 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = nullptr;
  92 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
  93 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  94 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = nullptr;
  95 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  96 bool   Arguments::_executing_unit_tests         = false;
  97 
  98 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args()
  99 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
 100 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
 101 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
 102 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
 103 size_t Arguments::_default_SharedBaseAddress    = SharedBaseAddress;
 104 
 105 bool   Arguments::_enable_preview               = false;
 106 bool   Arguments::_has_jdwp_agent               = false;
 107 
 108 LegacyGCLogging Arguments::_legacyGCLogging     = { nullptr, 0 };
 109 
 110 // These are not set by the JDK's built-in launchers, but they can be set by
 111 // programs that embed the JVM using JNI_CreateJavaVM. See comments around
 112 // JavaVMOption in jni.h.
 113 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = nullptr;
 114 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = nullptr;
 115 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = nullptr;
 116 
 117 
 118 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = nullptr;
 119 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = nullptr;
 120 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = nullptr;
 121 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = nullptr;
 122 SystemProperty *Arguments::_jdk_boot_class_path_append = nullptr;
 123 SystemProperty *Arguments::_vm_info = nullptr;
 124 
 125 GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*> *Arguments::_patch_mod_prefix = nullptr;
 126 PathString *Arguments::_boot_class_path = nullptr;
 127 bool Arguments::_has_jimage = false;
 128 
 129 char* Arguments::_ext_dirs = nullptr;
 130 
 131 // True if -Xshare:auto option was specified.
 132 static bool xshare_auto_cmd_line = false;
 133 
 134 // True if -Xint/-Xmixed/-Xcomp were specified
 135 static bool mode_flag_cmd_line = false;
 136 
 137 struct VMInitArgsGroup {
 138   const JavaVMInitArgs* _args;
 139   JVMFlagOrigin _origin;
 140 };
 141 
 142 bool PathString::set_value(const char *value, AllocFailType alloc_failmode) {
 143   char* new_value = AllocateHeap(strlen(value)+1, mtArguments, alloc_failmode);
 144   if (new_value == nullptr) {
 145     assert(alloc_failmode == AllocFailStrategy::RETURN_NULL, "must be");
 146     return false;
 147   }
 148   if (_value != nullptr) {
 149     FreeHeap(_value);
 150   }
 151   _value = new_value;
 152   strcpy(_value, value);
 153   return true;
 154 }
 155 
 156 void PathString::append_value(const char *value) {
 157   char *sp;
 158   size_t len = 0;
 159   if (value != nullptr) {
 160     len = strlen(value);
 161     if (_value != nullptr) {
 162       len += strlen(_value);
 163     }
 164     sp = AllocateHeap(len+2, mtArguments);
 165     assert(sp != nullptr, "Unable to allocate space for new append path value");
 166     if (sp != nullptr) {
 167       if (_value != nullptr) {
 168         strcpy(sp, _value);
 169         strcat(sp, os::path_separator());
 170         strcat(sp, value);
 171         FreeHeap(_value);
 172       } else {
 173         strcpy(sp, value);
 174       }
 175       _value = sp;
 176     }
 177   }
 178 }
 179 
 180 PathString::PathString(const char* value) {
 181   if (value == nullptr) {
 182     _value = nullptr;
 183   } else {
 184     _value = AllocateHeap(strlen(value)+1, mtArguments);
 185     strcpy(_value, value);
 186   }
 187 }
 188 
 189 PathString::~PathString() {
 190   if (_value != nullptr) {
 191     FreeHeap(_value);
 192     _value = nullptr;
 193   }
 194 }
 195 
 196 ModulePatchPath::ModulePatchPath(const char* module_name, const char* path) {
 197   assert(module_name != nullptr && path != nullptr, "Invalid module name or path value");
 198   size_t len = strlen(module_name) + 1;
 199   _module_name = AllocateHeap(len, mtInternal);
 200   strncpy(_module_name, module_name, len); // copy the trailing null
 201   _path =  new PathString(path);
 202 }
 203 
 204 ModulePatchPath::~ModulePatchPath() {
 205   if (_module_name != nullptr) {
 206     FreeHeap(_module_name);
 207     _module_name = nullptr;
 208   }
 209   if (_path != nullptr) {
 210     delete _path;
 211     _path = nullptr;
 212   }
 213 }
 214 
 215 SystemProperty::SystemProperty(const char* key, const char* value, bool writeable, bool internal) : PathString(value) {
 216   if (key == nullptr) {
 217     _key = nullptr;
 218   } else {
 219     _key = AllocateHeap(strlen(key)+1, mtArguments);
 220     strcpy(_key, key);
 221   }
 222   _next = nullptr;
 223   _internal = internal;
 224   _writeable = writeable;
 225 }
 226 
 227 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' to the remaining
 228 // part of the option string.
 229 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 230                          const char** tail) {
 231   size_t len = strlen(name);
 232   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 233     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 234     return true;
 235   } else {
 236     return false;
 237   }
 238 }
 239 
 240 // Check if 'option' matches 'name'. No "tail" is allowed.
 241 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name) {
 242   const char* tail = nullptr;
 243   bool result = match_option(option, name, &tail);
 244   if (tail != nullptr && *tail == '\0') {
 245     return result;
 246   } else {
 247     return false;
 248   }
 249 }
 250 
 251 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
 252 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
 253 // the option must match exactly.
 254 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
 255   bool tail_allowed) {
 256   for (/* empty */; *names != nullptr; ++names) {
 257   if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
 258       if (**tail == '\0' || (tail_allowed && **tail == ':')) {
 259         return true;
 260       }
 261     }
 262   }
 263   return false;
 264 }
 265 
 266 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 267 static bool _has_jfr_option = false;  // is using JFR
 268 
 269 // return true on failure
 270 static bool match_jfr_option(const JavaVMOption** option) {
 271   assert((*option)->optionString != nullptr, "invariant");
 272   char* tail = nullptr;
 273   if (match_option(*option, "-XX:StartFlightRecording", (const char**)&tail)) {
 274     _has_jfr_option = true;
 275     return Jfr::on_start_flight_recording_option(option, tail);
 276   } else if (match_option(*option, "-XX:FlightRecorderOptions", (const char**)&tail)) {
 277     _has_jfr_option = true;
 278     return Jfr::on_flight_recorder_option(option, tail);
 279   }
 280   return false;
 281 }
 282 
 283 bool Arguments::has_jfr_option() {
 284   return _has_jfr_option;
 285 }
 286 #endif
 287 
 288 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 289   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 290     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 291   }
 292 }
 293 
 294 bool needs_module_property_warning = false;
 295 
 296 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX "jdk.module."
 297 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN 11
 298 #define ADDEXPORTS "addexports"
 299 #define ADDEXPORTS_LEN 10
 300 #define ADDREADS "addreads"
 301 #define ADDREADS_LEN 8
 302 #define ADDOPENS "addopens"
 303 #define ADDOPENS_LEN 8
 304 #define PATCH "patch"
 305 #define PATCH_LEN 5
 306 #define ADDMODS "addmods"
 307 #define ADDMODS_LEN 7
 308 #define LIMITMODS "limitmods"
 309 #define LIMITMODS_LEN 9
 310 #define PATH "path"
 311 #define PATH_LEN 4
 312 #define UPGRADE_PATH "upgrade.path"
 313 #define UPGRADE_PATH_LEN 12
 314 #define ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS "enable.native.access"
 315 #define ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN 20
 316 #define ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS "illegal.native.access"
 317 #define ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN 21
 318 #define ENABLE_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION "enable.final.field.mutation"
 319 #define ENABLE_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION_LEN 27
 320 #define ILLEGAL_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION "illegal.final.field.mutation"
 321 #define ILLEGAL_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION_LEN 28
 322 
 323 // Return TRUE if option matches 'property', or 'property=', or 'property.'.
 324 static bool matches_property_suffix(const char* option, const char* property, size_t len) {
 325   return ((strncmp(option, property, len) == 0) &&
 326           (option[len] == '=' || option[len] == '.' || option[len] == '\0'));
 327 }
 328 
 329 // Return true if property starts with "jdk.module." and its ensuing chars match
 330 // any of the reserved module properties.
 331 // property should be passed without the leading "-D".
 332 bool Arguments::is_internal_module_property(const char* property) {
 333   return internal_module_property_helper(property, false);
 334 }
 335 
 336 // Returns true if property is one of those recognized by is_internal_module_property() but
 337 // is not supported by CDS archived full module graph.
 338 bool Arguments::is_incompatible_cds_internal_module_property(const char* property) {
 339   return internal_module_property_helper(property, true);
 340 }
 341 
 342 bool Arguments::internal_module_property_helper(const char* property, bool check_for_cds) {
 343   if (strncmp(property, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN) == 0) {
 344     const char* property_suffix = property + MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN;
 345     if (matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATCH, PATCH_LEN) ||
 346         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, LIMITMODS, LIMITMODS_LEN) ||
 347         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, UPGRADE_PATH, UPGRADE_PATH_LEN) ||
 348         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS, ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN) ||
 349         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ENABLE_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION, ENABLE_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION_LEN) ||
 350         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ILLEGAL_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION, ILLEGAL_FINAL_FIELD_MUTATION_LEN)) {
 351       return true;
 352     }
 353 
 354     if (!check_for_cds) {
 355       // CDS notes: these properties are supported by CDS archived full module graph.
 356       if (matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDEXPORTS, ADDEXPORTS_LEN) ||
 357           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDOPENS, ADDOPENS_LEN) ||
 358           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDREADS, ADDREADS_LEN) ||
 359           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATH, PATH_LEN) ||
 360           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDMODS, ADDMODS_LEN) ||
 361           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS, ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN)) {
 362         return true;
 363       }
 364     }
 365   }
 366   return false;
 367 }
 368 
 369 // Process java launcher properties.
 370 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 371   // See if sun.java.launcher is defined.
 372   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 373   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 374   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 375     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 376     const char* tail;
 377 
 378     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 379       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 380       continue;
 381     }
 382     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExecutingUnitTests")) {
 383       _executing_unit_tests = true;
 384       continue;
 385     }
 386   }
 387 }
 388 
 389 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 390 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 391 
 392   // Set up _boot_class_path which is not a property but
 393   // relies heavily on argument processing and the jdk.boot.class.path.append
 394   // property. It is used to store the underlying boot class path.
 395   _boot_class_path = new PathString(nullptr);
 396 
 397   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 398                                                            "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 399   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 400   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 401   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("jdk.debug", VM_Version::jdk_debug_level(),  false));
 402 
 403   // Initialize the vm.info now, but it will need updating after argument parsing.
 404   _vm_info = new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(), true);
 405 
 406   // Following are JVMTI agent writable properties.
 407   // Properties values are set to nullptr and they are
 408   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 409   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", nullptr,  true);
 410   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", nullptr,  true);
 411   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", nullptr,  true);
 412   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 413   // jdk.boot.class.path.append is a non-writeable, internal property.
 414   // It can only be set by either:
 415   //    - -Xbootclasspath/a:
 416   //    - AddToBootstrapClassLoaderSearch during JVMTI OnLoad phase
 417   _jdk_boot_class_path_append = new SystemProperty("jdk.boot.class.path.append", nullptr, false, true);
 418 
 419   // Add to System Property list.
 420   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 421   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 422   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 423   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 424   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _jdk_boot_class_path_append);
 425   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _vm_info);
 426 
 427   // Set OS specific system properties values
 428   os::init_system_properties_values();
 429 }
 430 
 431 // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 432 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 433   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 434   char buffer[bufsz];
 435   const char* spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 436   uint32_t spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 437 
 438   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 439 
 440   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 441       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 442   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 443       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 444   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 445       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 446 }
 447 
 448 /*
 449  *  -XX argument processing:
 450  *
 451  *  -XX arguments are defined in several places, such as:
 452  *      globals.hpp, globals_<cpu>.hpp, globals_<os>.hpp, <compiler>_globals.hpp, or <gc>_globals.hpp.
 453  *  -XX arguments are parsed in parse_argument().
 454  *  -XX argument bounds checking is done in check_vm_args_consistency().
 455  *
 456  * Over time -XX arguments may change. There are mechanisms to handle common cases:
 457  *
 458  *      ALIASED: An option that is simply another name for another option. This is often
 459  *               part of the process of deprecating a flag, but not all aliases need
 460  *               to be deprecated.
 461  *
 462  *               Create an alias for an option by adding the old and new option names to the
 463  *               "aliased_jvm_flags" table. Delete the old variable from globals.hpp (etc).
 464  *
 465  *   DEPRECATED: An option that is supported, but a warning is printed to let the user know that
 466  *               support may be removed in the future. Both regular and aliased options may be
 467  *               deprecated.
 468  *
 469  *               Add a deprecation warning for an option (or alias) by adding an entry in the
 470  *               "special_jvm_flags" table and setting the "deprecated_in" field.
 471  *               Often an option "deprecated" in one major release will
 472  *               be made "obsolete" in the next. In this case the entry should also have its
 473  *               "obsolete_in" field set.
 474  *
 475  *     OBSOLETE: An option that has been removed (and deleted from globals.hpp), but is still accepted
 476  *               on the command line. A warning is printed to let the user know that option might not
 477  *               be accepted in the future.
 478  *
 479  *               Add an obsolete warning for an option by adding an entry in the "special_jvm_flags"
 480  *               table and setting the "obsolete_in" field.
 481  *
 482  *      EXPIRED: A deprecated or obsolete option that has an "accept_until" version less than or equal
 483  *               to the current JDK version. The system will flatly refuse to admit the existence of
 484  *               the flag. This allows a flag to die automatically over JDK releases.
 485  *
 486  *               Note that manual cleanup of expired options should be done at major JDK version upgrades:
 487  *                  - Newly expired options should be removed from the special_jvm_flags and aliased_jvm_flags tables.
 488  *                  - Newly obsolete or expired deprecated options should have their global variable
 489  *                    definitions removed (from globals.hpp, etc) and related implementations removed.
 490  *
 491  * Recommended approach for removing options:
 492  *
 493  * To remove options commonly used by customers (e.g. product -XX options), use
 494  * the 3-step model adding major release numbers to the deprecate, obsolete and expire columns.
 495  *
 496  * To remove internal options (e.g. diagnostic, experimental, develop options), use
 497  * a 2-step model adding major release numbers to the obsolete and expire columns.
 498  *
 499  * To change the name of an option, use the alias table as well as a 2-step
 500  * model adding major release numbers to the deprecate and expire columns.
 501  * Think twice about aliasing commonly used customer options.
 502  *
 503  * There are times when it is appropriate to leave a future release number as undefined.
 504  *
 505  * Tests:  Aliases should be tested in VMAliasOptions.java.
 506  *         Deprecated options should be tested in VMDeprecatedOptions.java.
 507  */
 508 
 509 // The special_jvm_flags table declares options that are being deprecated and/or obsoleted. The
 510 // "deprecated_in" or "obsolete_in" fields may be set to "undefined", but not both.
 511 // When the JDK version reaches 'deprecated_in' limit, the JVM will process this flag on
 512 // the command-line as usual, but will issue a warning.
 513 // When the JDK version reaches 'obsolete_in' limit, the JVM will continue accepting this flag on
 514 // the command-line, while issuing a warning and ignoring the flag value.
 515 // Once the JDK version reaches 'expired_in' limit, the JVM will flatly refuse to admit the
 516 // existence of the flag.
 517 //
 518 // MANUAL CLEANUP ON JDK VERSION UPDATES:
 519 // This table ensures that the handling of options will update automatically when the JDK
 520 // version is incremented, but the source code needs to be cleanup up manually:
 521 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" or "expired" options, the associated "globals"
 522 //   variable should be removed, as well as users of the variable.
 523 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" options, move the entry into the
 524 //   "Obsolete Flags" section of the table.
 525 // - All expired options should be removed from the table.
 526 static SpecialFlag const special_jvm_flags[] = {
 527   // -------------- Deprecated Flags --------------
 528   // --- Non-alias flags - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 529   { "AllowRedefinitionToAddDeleteMethods", JDK_Version::jdk(13), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 530   { "FlightRecorder",               JDK_Version::jdk(13), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 531   { "DumpSharedSpaces",             JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 532   { "DynamicDumpSharedSpaces",      JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 533   { "RequireSharedSpaces",          JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 534   { "UseSharedSpaces",              JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 535   // --- Deprecated alias flags (see also aliased_jvm_flags) - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 536   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",        JDK_Version::jdk(9),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 537   { "InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent", JDK_Version::jdk(27),  JDK_Version::jdk(28), JDK_Version::jdk(29) },
 538   { "AlwaysCompileLoopMethods",     JDK_Version::jdk(27),  JDK_Version::jdk(28), JDK_Version::jdk(29) },
 539 
 540   // -------------- Obsolete Flags - sorted by expired_in --------------
 541 
 542   { "MetaspaceReclaimPolicy",       JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(21), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 543 #if defined(AARCH64)
 544   { "NearCpool",                    JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(25), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 545 #endif
 546 #ifdef _LP64
 547   { "UseCompressedClassPointers",   JDK_Version::jdk(25),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 548 #endif
 549 
 550   { "PSChunkLargeArrays",           JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 551   { "ParallelRefProcEnabled",       JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 552   { "ParallelRefProcBalancingEnabled", JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 553   { "MaxRAM",                       JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 554   { "NewSizeThreadIncrease",        JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 555   { "NeverActAsServerClassMachine", JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 556   { "AlwaysActAsServerClassMachine", JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 557   { "UseXMMForArrayCopy",           JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 558   { "UseNewLongLShift",             JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 559   { "AggressiveHeap",               JDK_Version::jdk(26),  JDK_Version::jdk(27), JDK_Version::jdk(28) },
 560 
 561 #ifdef ASSERT
 562   { "DummyObsoleteTestFlag",        JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 563 #endif
 564 
 565 #ifdef TEST_VERIFY_SPECIAL_JVM_FLAGS
 566   // These entries will generate build errors.  Their purpose is to test the macros.
 567   { "dep > obs",                    JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 568   { "dep > exp ",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 569   { "obs > exp ",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 570   { "obs > exp",                    JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 571   { "not deprecated or obsolete",   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 572   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 573   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 574 #endif
 575 
 576   { nullptr, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 577 };
 578 
 579 // Flags that are aliases for other flags.
 580 typedef struct {
 581   const char* alias_name;
 582   const char* real_name;
 583 } AliasedFlag;
 584 
 585 static AliasedFlag const aliased_jvm_flags[] = {
 586   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",    "CreateCoredumpOnCrash" },
 587   G1GC_ONLY({"InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent" COMMA "G1IHOP" } COMMA)
 588   { nullptr, nullptr}
 589 };
 590 
 591 // Return true if "v" is less than "other", where "other" may be "undefined".
 592 static bool version_less_than(JDK_Version v, JDK_Version other) {
 593   assert(!v.is_undefined(), "must be defined");
 594   if (!other.is_undefined() && v.compare(other) >= 0) {
 595     return false;
 596   } else {
 597     return true;
 598   }
 599 }
 600 
 601 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, SpecialFlag& flag) {
 602   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != nullptr; i++) {
 603     if ((strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 604       flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 605       return true;
 606     }
 607   }
 608   return false;
 609 }
 610 
 611 bool Arguments::is_obsolete_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 612   assert(version != nullptr, "Must provide a version buffer");
 613   SpecialFlag flag;
 614   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 615     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 616       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 617         *version = flag.obsolete_in;
 618         // This flag may have been marked for obsoletion in this version, but we may not
 619         // have actually removed it yet. Rather than ignoring it as soon as we reach
 620         // this version we allow some time for the removal to happen. So if the flag
 621         // still actually exists we process it as normal, but issue an adjusted warning.
 622         const JVMFlag *real_flag = JVMFlag::find_declared_flag(flag_name);
 623         if (real_flag != nullptr) {
 624           char version_str[256];
 625           version->to_string(version_str, sizeof(version_str));
 626           warning("Temporarily processing option %s; support is scheduled for removal in %s",
 627                   flag_name, version_str);
 628           return false;
 629         }
 630         return true;
 631       }
 632     }
 633   }
 634   return false;
 635 }
 636 
 637 int Arguments::is_deprecated_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 638   assert(version != nullptr, "Must provide a version buffer");
 639   SpecialFlag flag;
 640   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 641     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 642       if (version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in) &&
 643           version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 644         *version = flag.deprecated_in;
 645         return 1;
 646       } else {
 647         return -1;
 648       }
 649     }
 650   }
 651   return 0;
 652 }
 653 
 654 const char* Arguments::real_flag_name(const char *flag_name) {
 655   for (size_t i = 0; aliased_jvm_flags[i].alias_name != nullptr; i++) {
 656     const AliasedFlag& flag_status = aliased_jvm_flags[i];
 657     if (strcmp(flag_status.alias_name, flag_name) == 0) {
 658         return flag_status.real_name;
 659     }
 660   }
 661   return flag_name;
 662 }
 663 
 664 #ifdef ASSERT
 665 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, size_t skip_index) {
 666   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != nullptr; i++) {
 667     if ((i != skip_index) && (strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 668       return true;
 669     }
 670   }
 671   return false;
 672 }
 673 
 674 // Verifies the correctness of the entries in the special_jvm_flags table.
 675 // If there is a semantic error (i.e. a bug in the table) such as the obsoletion
 676 // version being earlier than the deprecation version, then a warning is issued
 677 // and verification fails - by returning false. If it is detected that the table
 678 // is out of date, with respect to the current version, then ideally a warning is
 679 // issued but verification does not fail. This allows the VM to operate when the
 680 // version is first updated, without needing to update all the impacted flags at
 681 // the same time. In practice we can't issue the warning immediately when the version
 682 // is updated as it occurs for every test and some tests are not prepared to handle
 683 // unexpected output - see 8196739. Instead we only check if the table is up-to-date
 684 // if the check_globals flag is true, and in addition allow a grace period and only
 685 // check for stale flags when we hit build 25 (which is far enough into the 6 month
 686 // release cycle that all flag updates should have been processed, whilst still
 687 // leaving time to make the change before RDP2).
 688 // We use a gtest to call this, passing true, so that we can detect stale flags before
 689 // the end of the release cycle.
 690 
 691 static const int SPECIAL_FLAG_VALIDATION_BUILD = 25;
 692 
 693 bool Arguments::verify_special_jvm_flags(bool check_globals) {
 694   bool success = true;
 695   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != nullptr; i++) {
 696     const SpecialFlag& flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 697     if (lookup_special_flag(flag.name, i)) {
 698       warning("Duplicate special flag declaration \"%s\"", flag.name);
 699       success = false;
 700     }
 701     if (flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined() &&
 702         flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 703       warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must declare version deprecated and/or obsoleted in.", flag.name);
 704       success = false;
 705     }
 706 
 707     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 708       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.obsolete_in)) {
 709         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before obsoleted.", flag.name);
 710         success = false;
 711       }
 712 
 713       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 714         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before expired.", flag.name);
 715         success = false;
 716       }
 717     }
 718 
 719     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 720       if (!version_less_than(flag.obsolete_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 721         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be obsoleted before expired.", flag.name);
 722         success = false;
 723       }
 724 
 725       // if flag has become obsolete it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 726       if (check_globals && VM_Version::vm_build_number() >= SPECIAL_FLAG_VALIDATION_BUILD &&
 727           !version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 728         if (JVMFlag::find_declared_flag(flag.name) != nullptr) {
 729           warning("Global variable for obsolete special flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 730           success = false;
 731         }
 732       }
 733 
 734     } else if (!flag.expired_in.is_undefined()) {
 735       warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be explicitly obsoleted before expired.", flag.name);
 736       success = false;
 737     }
 738 
 739     if (!flag.expired_in.is_undefined()) {
 740       // if flag has become expired it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 741       if (check_globals && VM_Version::vm_build_number() >= SPECIAL_FLAG_VALIDATION_BUILD &&
 742           !version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 743         if (JVMFlag::find_declared_flag(flag.name) != nullptr) {
 744           warning("Global variable for expired flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 745           success = false;
 746         }
 747       }
 748     }
 749   }
 750   return success;
 751 }
 752 #endif
 753 
 754 bool Arguments::atojulong(const char *s, julong* result) {
 755   return parse_integer(s, result);
 756 }
 757 
 758 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size, julong max_size) {
 759   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 760   if (size > max_size) return arg_too_big;
 761   return arg_in_range;
 762 }
 763 
 764 // Describe an argument out of range error
 765 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 766   switch(errcode) {
 767   case arg_too_big:
 768     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 769                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 770                 "representable size.\n");
 771     break;
 772   case arg_too_small:
 773   case arg_unreadable:
 774   case arg_in_range:
 775     // do nothing for now
 776     break;
 777   default:
 778     ShouldNotReachHere();
 779   }
 780 }
 781 
 782 static bool set_bool_flag(JVMFlag* flag, bool value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 783   if (JVMFlagAccess::set_bool(flag, &value, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
 784     return true;
 785   } else {
 786     return false;
 787   }
 788 }
 789 
 790 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 791   // strtod allows leading whitespace, but our flag format does not.
 792   if (*value == '\0' || isspace((unsigned char) *value)) {
 793     return false;
 794   }
 795   char* end;
 796   errno = 0;
 797   double v = strtod(value, &end);
 798   if ((errno != 0) || (*end != 0)) {
 799     return false;
 800   }
 801   if (g_isnan(v) || !g_isfinite(v)) {
 802     // Currently we cannot handle these special values.
 803     return false;
 804   }
 805 
 806   if (JVMFlagAccess::set_double(flag, &v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
 807     return true;
 808   }
 809   return false;
 810 }
 811 
 812 static bool set_numeric_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 813   JVMFlag::Error result = JVMFlag::WRONG_FORMAT;
 814 
 815   if (flag->is_int()) {
 816     int v;
 817     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 818       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_int(flag, &v, origin);
 819     }
 820   } else if (flag->is_uint()) {
 821     uint v;
 822     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 823       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_uint(flag, &v, origin);
 824     }
 825   } else if (flag->is_intx()) {
 826     intx v;
 827     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 828       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_intx(flag, &v, origin);
 829     }
 830   } else if (flag->is_uintx()) {
 831     uintx v;
 832     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 833       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_uintx(flag, &v, origin);
 834     }
 835   } else if (flag->is_uint64_t()) {
 836     uint64_t v;
 837     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 838       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_uint64_t(flag, &v, origin);
 839     }
 840   } else if (flag->is_size_t()) {
 841     size_t v;
 842     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 843       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_size_t(flag, &v, origin);
 844     }
 845   }
 846 
 847   return result == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 848 }
 849 
 850 static bool set_string_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 851   if (value[0] == '\0') {
 852     value = nullptr;
 853   }
 854   if (JVMFlagAccess::set_ccstr(flag, &value, origin) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) return false;
 855   // Contract:  JVMFlag always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 856   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(value);
 857   return true;
 858 }
 859 
 860 static bool append_to_string_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* new_value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 861   const char* old_value = "";
 862   if (JVMFlagAccess::get_ccstr(flag, &old_value) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) return false;
 863   size_t old_len = old_value != nullptr ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 864   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 865   const char* value;
 866   char* free_this_too = nullptr;
 867   if (old_len == 0) {
 868     value = new_value;
 869   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 870     value = old_value;
 871   } else {
 872      size_t length = old_len + 1 + new_len + 1;
 873      char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
 874     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 875     jio_snprintf(buf, length, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 876     value = buf;
 877     free_this_too = buf;
 878   }
 879   (void) JVMFlagAccess::set_ccstr(flag, &value, origin);
 880   // JVMFlag always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 881   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(value);
 882   // JVMFlag made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 883   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(free_this_too);
 884   return true;
 885 }
 886 
 887 const char* Arguments::handle_aliases_and_deprecation(const char* arg) {
 888   const char* real_name = real_flag_name(arg);
 889   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 890   switch (is_deprecated_flag(arg, &since)) {
 891   case -1: {
 892       // Obsolete or expired, so don't process normally,
 893       // but allow for an obsolete flag we're still
 894       // temporarily allowing.
 895       if (!is_obsolete_flag(arg, &since)) {
 896         return real_name;
 897       }
 898       // Note if we're not considered obsolete then we can't be expired either
 899       // as obsoletion must come first.
 900       return nullptr;
 901     }
 902     case 0:
 903       return real_name;
 904     case 1: {
 905       char version[256];
 906       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 907       if (real_name != arg) {
 908         warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release. Use option %s instead.",
 909                 arg, version, real_name);
 910       } else {
 911         warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release.",
 912                 arg, version);
 913       }
 914       return real_name;
 915     }
 916   }
 917   ShouldNotReachHere();
 918   return nullptr;
 919 }
 920 
 921 #define BUFLEN 255
 922 
 923 JVMFlag* Arguments::find_jvm_flag(const char* name, size_t name_length) {
 924   char name_copied[BUFLEN+1];
 925   if (name[name_length] != 0) {
 926     if (name_length > BUFLEN) {
 927       return nullptr;
 928     } else {
 929       strncpy(name_copied, name, name_length);
 930       name_copied[name_length] = '\0';
 931       name = name_copied;
 932     }
 933   }
 934 
 935   const char* real_name = Arguments::handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name);
 936   if (real_name == nullptr) {
 937     return nullptr;
 938   }
 939   JVMFlag* flag = JVMFlag::find_flag(real_name);
 940   return flag;
 941 }
 942 
 943 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 944   bool is_bool = false;
 945   bool bool_val = false;
 946   char c = *arg;
 947   if (c == '+' || c == '-') {
 948     is_bool = true;
 949     bool_val = (c == '+');
 950     arg++;
 951   }
 952 
 953   const char* name = arg;
 954   while (true) {
 955     c = *arg;
 956     if (isalnum(c) || (c == '_')) {
 957       ++arg;
 958     } else {
 959       break;
 960     }
 961   }
 962 
 963   size_t name_len = size_t(arg - name);
 964   if (name_len == 0) {
 965     return false;
 966   }
 967 
 968   JVMFlag* flag = find_jvm_flag(name, name_len);
 969   if (flag == nullptr) {
 970     return false;
 971   }
 972 
 973   if (is_bool) {
 974     if (*arg != 0) {
 975       // Error -- extra characters such as -XX:+BoolFlag=123
 976       return false;
 977     }
 978     return set_bool_flag(flag, bool_val, origin);
 979   }
 980 
 981   if (arg[0] == '=') {
 982     const char* value = arg + 1;
 983     if (flag->is_ccstr()) {
 984       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 985         return append_to_string_flag(flag, value, origin);
 986       } else {
 987         return set_string_flag(flag, value, origin);
 988       }
 989     } else if (flag->is_double()) {
 990       return set_fp_numeric_flag(flag, value, origin);
 991     } else {
 992       return set_numeric_flag(flag, value, origin);
 993     }
 994   }
 995 
 996   if (arg[0] == ':' && arg[1] == '=') {
 997     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 998     const char* value = arg + 2;
 999     return set_string_flag(flag, value, origin);
1000   }
1001 
1002   return false;
1003 }
1004 
1005 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
1006   assert(bldarray != nullptr, "illegal argument");
1007 
1008   if (arg == nullptr) {
1009     return;
1010   }
1011 
1012   int new_count = *count + 1;
1013 
1014   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
1015   if (*bldarray == nullptr) {
1016     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtArguments);
1017   } else {
1018     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(*bldarray, new_count, mtArguments);
1019   }
1020   (*bldarray)[*count] = os::strdup_check_oom(arg);
1021   *count = new_count;
1022 }
1023 
1024 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
1025   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
1026 }
1027 
1028 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
1029   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
1030 }
1031 
1032 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
1033 // strings in a given char** array
1034 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
1035   if (args == nullptr || count == 0) {
1036     return nullptr;
1037   }
1038   size_t length = 0;
1039   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1040     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or null terminating character
1041   }
1042   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
1043   char* dst = s;
1044   for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
1045     size_t offset = strlen(args[j]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or null terminating character
1046     jio_snprintf(dst, length, "%s ", args[j]); // jio_snprintf will replace the last space character with null character
1047     dst += offset;
1048     length -= offset;
1049   }
1050   return (const char*) s;
1051 }
1052 
1053 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1054   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
1055   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1056     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1057     st->cr();
1058   }
1059   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1060     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
1061     st->cr();
1062   }
1063   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
1064   if (_java_class_path != nullptr) {
1065     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
1066     size_t len = strlen(path);
1067     st->print("java_class_path (initial): ");
1068     // Avoid using st->print_cr() because path length maybe longer than O_BUFLEN.
1069     if (len == 0) {
1070       st->print_raw_cr("<not set>");
1071     } else {
1072       st->print_raw_cr(path, len);
1073     }
1074   }
1075   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
1076 }
1077 
1078 void Arguments::print_summary_on(outputStream* st) {
1079   // Print the command line.  Environment variables that are helpful for
1080   // reproducing the problem are written later in the hs_err file.
1081   // flags are from setting file
1082   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1083     st->print_raw("Settings File: ");
1084     print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1085     st->cr();
1086   }
1087   // args are the command line and environment variable arguments.
1088   st->print_raw("Command Line: ");
1089   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1090     print_jvm_args_on(st);
1091   }
1092   // this is the classfile and any arguments to the java program
1093   if (java_command() != nullptr) {
1094     st->print("%s", java_command());
1095   }
1096   st->cr();
1097 }
1098 
1099 void Arguments::set_jvm_flags_file(const char *value) {
1100   if (_jvm_flags_file != nullptr) {
1101     os::free(_jvm_flags_file);
1102   }
1103   _jvm_flags_file = os::strdup_check_oom(value);
1104 }
1105 
1106 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
1107   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
1108     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
1109       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
1110     }
1111   }
1112 }
1113 
1114 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
1115   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
1116     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
1117       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
1118     }
1119   }
1120 }
1121 
1122 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
1123                                  jboolean ignore_unrecognized,
1124                                  JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
1125   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
1126 
1127   if (parse_argument(arg, origin)) {
1128     return true;
1129   }
1130 
1131   // Determine if the flag has '+', '-', or '=' characters.
1132   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
1133   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
1134 
1135   size_t arg_len;
1136   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
1137   if (equal_sign == nullptr) {
1138     arg_len = strlen(argname);
1139   } else {
1140     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
1141   }
1142 
1143   // Only make the obsolete check for valid arguments.
1144   if (arg_len <= BUFLEN) {
1145     // Construct a string which consists only of the argument name without '+', '-', or '='.
1146     char stripped_argname[BUFLEN+1]; // +1 for '\0'
1147     jio_snprintf(stripped_argname, arg_len+1, "%s", argname); // +1 for '\0'
1148     if (is_obsolete_flag(stripped_argname, &since)) {
1149       char version[256];
1150       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
1151       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", stripped_argname, version);
1152       return true;
1153     }
1154   }
1155 
1156   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
1157   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
1158   const JVMFlag* found_flag = JVMFlag::find_declared_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len);
1159   if (found_flag != nullptr) {
1160     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
1161     JVMFlag::MsgType msg_type = found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
1162     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) != 0) {
1163 #ifdef PRODUCT
1164       bool mismatched = msg_type == JVMFlag::DEVELOPER_FLAG_BUT_PRODUCT_BUILD;
1165       if (ignore_unrecognized && mismatched) {
1166         return true;
1167       }
1168 #endif
1169       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
1170     }
1171     if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
1172       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1173         "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1174     } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
1175       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1176         "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1177     } else {
1178       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1179         "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1180     }
1181   } else {
1182     if (ignore_unrecognized) {
1183       return true;
1184     }
1185     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1186                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1187     JVMFlag* fuzzy_matched = JVMFlag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
1188     if (fuzzy_matched != nullptr) {
1189       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1190                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'?\n",
1191                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
1192                   fuzzy_matched->name(),
1193                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
1194     }
1195   }
1196 
1197   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
1198   return arg[0] == '#';
1199 }
1200 
1201 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
1202   FILE* stream = os::fopen(file_name, "rb");
1203   if (stream == nullptr) {
1204     if (should_exist) {
1205       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1206                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
1207       return false;
1208     } else {
1209       return true;
1210     }
1211   }
1212 
1213   char token[1024];
1214   size_t pos = 0;
1215 
1216   bool in_white_space = true;
1217   bool in_comment     = false;
1218   bool in_quote       = false;
1219   char quote_c        = 0;
1220   bool result         = true;
1221 
1222   int c_or_eof = getc(stream);
1223   while (c_or_eof != EOF && pos < (sizeof(token) - 1)) {
1224     // We have checked the c_or_eof for EOF. getc should only ever return the
1225     // EOF or an unsigned char converted to an int. We cast down to a char to
1226     // avoid the char to int promotions we would otherwise do in the comparisons
1227     // below (which would be incorrect if we ever compared to a non-ascii char),
1228     // and the int to char conversions we would otherwise do in the assignments.
1229     const char c = static_cast<char>(c_or_eof);
1230     if (in_white_space) {
1231       if (in_comment) {
1232         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
1233       } else {
1234         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
1235         else if (!isspace((unsigned char) c)) {
1236           in_white_space = false;
1237           token[pos++] = c;
1238         }
1239       }
1240     } else {
1241       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace((unsigned char) c))) {
1242         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
1243         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
1244         token[pos] = '\0';
1245         logOption(token);
1246         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, JVMFlagOrigin::CONFIG_FILE);
1247         build_jvm_flags(token);
1248         pos = 0;
1249         in_white_space = true;
1250         in_quote = false;
1251       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
1252         in_quote = true;
1253         quote_c = c;
1254       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
1255         in_quote = false;
1256       } else {
1257         token[pos++] = c;
1258       }
1259     }
1260     c_or_eof = getc(stream);
1261   }
1262   if (pos > 0) {
1263     token[pos] = '\0';
1264     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, JVMFlagOrigin::CONFIG_FILE);
1265     build_jvm_flags(token);
1266   }
1267   fclose(stream);
1268   return result;
1269 }
1270 
1271 //=============================================================================================================
1272 // Parsing of properties (-D)
1273 
1274 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
1275   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
1276 }
1277 
1278 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop, PropertyWriteable writeable, PropertyInternal internal) {
1279   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
1280   const char* key;
1281   const char* value = "";
1282 
1283   if (eq == nullptr) {
1284     // property doesn't have a value, thus use passed string
1285     key = prop;
1286   } else {
1287     // property have a value, thus extract it and save to the
1288     // allocated string
1289     size_t key_len = eq - prop;
1290     char* tmp_key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtArguments);
1291 
1292     jio_snprintf(tmp_key, key_len + 1, "%s", prop);
1293     key = tmp_key;
1294 
1295     value = &prop[key_len + 1];
1296   }
1297 
1298   if (internal == ExternalProperty) {
1299     CDSConfig::check_incompatible_property(key, value);
1300   }
1301 
1302   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1303     // we no longer support java.compiler system property, log a warning and let it get
1304     // passed to Java, like any other system property
1305     if (strlen(value) == 0 || strcasecmp(value, "NONE") == 0) {
1306         // for applications using NONE or empty value, log a more informative message
1307         warning("The java.compiler system property is obsolete and no longer supported, use -Xint");
1308     } else {
1309         warning("The java.compiler system property is obsolete and no longer supported.");
1310     }
1311   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1312     // append is true, writable is true, internal is false
1313     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AppendProperty,
1314                             WriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1315   } else {
1316     if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1317       char *old_java_command = _java_command;
1318       _java_command = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1319       if (old_java_command != nullptr) {
1320         os::free(old_java_command);
1321       }
1322     } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1323       // If this property is set on the command line then its value will be
1324       // displayed in VM error logs as the URL at which to submit such logs.
1325       // Normally the URL displayed in error logs is different from the value
1326       // of this system property, so a different property should have been
1327       // used here, but we leave this as-is in case someone depends upon it.
1328       const char* old_java_vendor_url_bug = _java_vendor_url_bug;
1329       // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1330       // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1331       _java_vendor_url_bug = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1332       if (old_java_vendor_url_bug != nullptr) {
1333         os::free((void *)old_java_vendor_url_bug);
1334       }
1335     }
1336 
1337     // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1338     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AddProperty, writeable, internal);
1339   }
1340 
1341   if (key != prop) {
1342     // SystemProperty copy passed value, thus free previously allocated
1343     // memory
1344     FreeHeap((void *)key);
1345   }
1346 
1347   return true;
1348 }
1349 
1350 //===========================================================================================================
1351 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1352 
1353 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1354   // Set up default values for all flags.
1355   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1356   // add a default value for it here.
1357   _mode                      = mode;
1358 
1359   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1360   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1361   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1362                           VM_Version::vm_info_string(), AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1363 
1364   UseInterpreter             = true;
1365   UseCompiler                = true;
1366   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1367 
1368   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1369   // use the saved values
1370   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1371   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1372   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1373   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1374 
1375   // Change from defaults based on mode
1376   switch (mode) {
1377   default:
1378     ShouldNotReachHere();
1379     break;
1380   case _int:
1381     UseCompiler              = false;
1382     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1383     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1384     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1385     break;
1386   case _mixed:
1387     // same as default
1388     break;
1389   case _comp:
1390     UseInterpreter           = false;
1391     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1392     ClipInlining             = false;
1393     break;
1394   }
1395 }
1396 
1397 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1398 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1399 void Arguments::no_shared_spaces(const char* message) {
1400   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1401     aot_log_error(aot)("%s is incompatible with other specified options.",
1402                    CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "AOT cache" : "CDS");
1403     if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1404       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use AOT cache", message);
1405     } else {
1406       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive", message);
1407     }
1408   } else {
1409     if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1410       log_warning(aot)("Unable to use AOT cache: %s", message);
1411     } else {
1412       aot_log_info(aot)("Unable to use shared archive: %s", message);
1413     }
1414     UseSharedSpaces = false;
1415   }
1416 }
1417 
1418 static void set_object_alignment() {
1419   // Object alignment.
1420   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1421   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1422   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1423   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1424   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1425   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1426 
1427   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1428   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1429 
1430   // Oop encoding heap max
1431   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1432 }
1433 
1434 size_t Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1435   // Avoid sign flip.
1436   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1437   // We need to fit both the null page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1438   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1439   // null page is located before the heap, we pad the null page to the conservative
1440   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1441   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_up(os::vm_page_size(),
1442                                                   _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1443 
1444   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1445   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1446 }
1447 
1448 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1449 #ifdef _LP64
1450   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1451   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1452   // to use UseCompressedOops are InitialHeapSize and MinHeapSize.
1453   size_t max_heap_size = MAX3(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize, MinHeapSize);
1454 
1455   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1456     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1457       FLAG_SET_ERGO(UseCompressedOops, true);
1458     }
1459   } else {
1460     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1461       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1462       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1463     }
1464   }
1465 #endif // _LP64
1466 }
1467 
1468 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1469   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1470   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1471   // itself and the maximum page size we may run the VM with.
1472   size_t heap_alignment = GCConfig::arguments()->conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1473   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX3(heap_alignment,
1474                                           os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
1475                                           os::max_page_size());
1476   assert(is_power_of_2(_conservative_max_heap_alignment), "Expected to be a power-of-2");
1477 }
1478 
1479 jint Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1480   GCConfig::initialize();
1481 
1482   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1483 
1484 #ifdef _LP64
1485   set_use_compressed_oops();
1486 
1487   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1488   // in vm_version initialization code.
1489 #endif // _LP64
1490 
1491   return JNI_OK;
1492 }
1493 
1494 // This must be called after ergonomics.
1495 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1496   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1497     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1498   }
1499 }
1500 
1501 // Aggressive optimization flags
1502 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1503 #ifdef COMPILER2
1504   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
1505     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1506       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1507     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
1508       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
1509       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1510     }
1511     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
1512       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
1513     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
1514       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
1515       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1516     }
1517   }
1518   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1519     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1520       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1521     }
1522     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1523     char buffer[1024];
1524     jio_snprintf(buffer, 1024, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=%zd", AutoBoxCacheMax);
1525     if (!add_property(buffer)) {
1526       return JNI_ENOMEM;
1527     }
1528   }
1529 #endif
1530 
1531   return JNI_OK;
1532 }
1533 
1534 //===========================================================================================================
1535 
1536 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1537   if (_sun_java_launcher != _default_java_launcher) {
1538     os::free(const_cast<char*>(_sun_java_launcher));
1539   }
1540   _sun_java_launcher = os::strdup_check_oom(launcher);
1541 }
1542 
1543 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1544   assert(_sun_java_launcher != nullptr, "property must have value");
1545   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1546 }
1547 
1548 bool Arguments::executing_unit_tests() {
1549   return _executing_unit_tests;
1550 }
1551 
1552 //===========================================================================================================
1553 // Parsing of main arguments
1554 
1555 static unsigned int addreads_count = 0;
1556 static unsigned int addexports_count = 0;
1557 static unsigned int addopens_count = 0;
1558 static unsigned int patch_mod_count = 0;
1559 static unsigned int enable_native_access_count = 0;
1560 static unsigned int enable_final_field_mutation = 0;
1561 static bool patch_mod_javabase = false;
1562 
1563 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
1564 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
1565   // This may modify compiler flags. Must be called before CompilerConfig::check_args_consistency()
1566   if (!CDSConfig::check_vm_args_consistency(patch_mod_javabase, mode_flag_cmd_line)) {
1567     return false;
1568   }
1569 
1570   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
1571   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
1572   // before returning an error.
1573   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
1574   bool status = true;
1575 
1576   status = CompilerConfig::check_args_consistency(status);
1577 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1578   if (status && EnableJVMCI) {
1579     // Add the JVMCI module if not using libjvmci or EnableJVMCI
1580     // was explicitly set on the command line or in the jimage.
1581     if ((!UseJVMCINativeLibrary || FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(EnableJVMCI) || FLAG_IS_JIMAGE_RESOURCE(EnableJVMCI)) && ClassLoader::is_module_observable("jdk.internal.vm.ci") && !_jvmci_module_added) {
1582       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.internal.vm.ci", _addmods_count++)) {
1583         return false;
1584       }
1585     }
1586   }
1587 #endif
1588 
1589 #if INCLUDE_JFR
1590   if (status && (FlightRecorderOptions || StartFlightRecording)) {
1591     if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.jfr", _addmods_count++)) {
1592       return false;
1593     }
1594   }
1595 #endif
1596 
1597 #ifndef SUPPORT_RESERVED_STACK_AREA
1598   if (StackReservedPages != 0) {
1599     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(StackReservedPages, 0);
1600     warning("Reserved Stack Area not supported on this platform");
1601   }
1602 #endif
1603 
1604   return status;
1605 }
1606 
1607 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
1608   const char* option_type) {
1609   if (ignore) return false;
1610 
1611   const char* spacer = " ";
1612   if (option_type == nullptr) {
1613     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
1614   }
1615 
1616   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1617               "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
1618               option->optionString);
1619   return true;
1620 }
1621 
1622 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
1623   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", nullptr
1624 };
1625 
1626 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
1627   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", nullptr
1628 };
1629 
1630 bool Arguments::parse_uint(const char* value,
1631                            uint* uint_arg,
1632                            uint min_size) {
1633   uint n;
1634   if (!parse_integer(value, &n)) {
1635     return false;
1636   }
1637   if (n >= min_size) {
1638     *uint_arg = n;
1639     return true;
1640   } else {
1641     return false;
1642   }
1643 }
1644 
1645 bool Arguments::create_module_property(const char* prop_name, const char* prop_value, PropertyInternal internal) {
1646   assert(is_internal_module_property(prop_name), "unknown module property: '%s'", prop_name);
1647   CDSConfig::check_internal_module_property(prop_name, prop_value);
1648   size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_name) + strlen(prop_value) + 2;
1649   char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
1650   int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s=%s", prop_name, prop_value);
1651   if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
1652     FreeHeap(property);
1653     return false;
1654   }
1655   // These are not strictly writeable properties as they cannot be set via -Dprop=val. But that
1656   // is enforced by checking is_internal_module_property(). We need the property to be writeable so
1657   // that multiple occurrences of the associated flag just causes the existing property value to be
1658   // replaced ("last option wins"). Otherwise we would need to keep track of the flags and only convert
1659   // to a property after we have finished flag processing.
1660   bool added = add_property(property, WriteableProperty, internal);
1661   FreeHeap(property);
1662   return added;
1663 }
1664 
1665 bool Arguments::create_numbered_module_property(const char* prop_base_name, const char* prop_value, unsigned int count) {
1666   assert(is_internal_module_property(prop_base_name), "unknown module property: '%s'", prop_base_name);
1667   CDSConfig::check_internal_module_property(prop_base_name, prop_value);
1668   const unsigned int props_count_limit = 1000;
1669   const int max_digits = 3;
1670   const int extra_symbols_count = 3; // includes '.', '=', '\0'
1671 
1672   // Make sure count is < props_count_limit. Otherwise, memory allocation will be too small.
1673   if (count < props_count_limit) {
1674     size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_base_name) + strlen(prop_value) + max_digits + extra_symbols_count;
1675     char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
1676     int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s.%d=%s", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
1677     if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
1678       FreeHeap(property);
1679       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Failed to create property %s.%d=%s\n", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
1680       return false;
1681     }
1682     bool added = add_property(property, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
1683     FreeHeap(property);
1684     return added;
1685   }
1686 
1687   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Property count limit exceeded: %s, limit=%d\n", prop_base_name, props_count_limit);
1688   return false;
1689 }
1690 
1691 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
1692                                                   julong* long_arg,
1693                                                   julong min_size,
1694                                                   julong max_size) {
1695   if (!parse_integer(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
1696   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size, max_size);
1697 }
1698 
1699 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(GrowableArrayCHeap<VMInitArgsGroup, mtArguments>* all_args) {
1700   // Save default settings for some mode flags
1701   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1702   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
1703   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
1704   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
1705 
1706   // Remember the default value of SharedBaseAddress.
1707   Arguments::_default_SharedBaseAddress = SharedBaseAddress;
1708 
1709   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
1710   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
1711 
1712   jint result;
1713   for (int i = 0; i < all_args->length(); i++) {
1714     result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(all_args->at(i)._args, all_args->at(i)._origin);
1715     if (result != JNI_OK) {
1716       return result;
1717     }
1718   }
1719 
1720   // Disable CDS for exploded image
1721   if (!has_jimage()) {
1722     no_shared_spaces("CDS disabled on exploded JDK");
1723   }
1724 
1725   // We need to ensure processor and memory resources have been properly
1726   // configured - which may rely on arguments we just processed - before
1727   // doing the final argument processing. Any argument processing that
1728   // needs to know about processor and memory resources must occur after
1729   // this point.
1730 
1731   os::init_container_support();
1732 
1733   SystemMemoryBarrier::initialize();
1734 
1735   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
1736   result = finalize_vm_init_args();
1737   if (result != JNI_OK) {
1738     return result;
1739   }
1740 
1741   return JNI_OK;
1742 }
1743 
1744 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI || INCLUDE_CDS
1745 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
1746 // represents a valid JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
1747 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
1748 // -agentlib
1749 static bool valid_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
1750   char *_name;
1751   const char *_jdwp = "jdwp";
1752   size_t _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
1753 
1754   if (is_path) {
1755     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == nullptr) {
1756       return false;
1757     }
1758 
1759     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
1760     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
1761 
1762     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
1763       return false;
1764     }
1765 
1766     _name += _len_prefix;
1767     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
1768 
1769     if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
1770       _name += _len_jdwp;
1771     }
1772     else {
1773       return false;
1774     }
1775 
1776     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
1777       return false;
1778     }
1779 
1780     return true;
1781   }
1782 
1783   if (strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
1784     return true;
1785   }
1786 
1787   return false;
1788 }
1789 #endif
1790 
1791 int Arguments::process_patch_mod_option(const char* patch_mod_tail) {
1792   // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
1793   assert(patch_mod_tail != nullptr, "Unexpected null patch-module value");
1794   // Find the equal sign between the module name and the path specification
1795   const char* module_equal = strchr(patch_mod_tail, '=');
1796   if (module_equal == nullptr) {
1797     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "Missing '=' in --patch-module specification\n");
1798     return JNI_ERR;
1799   } else {
1800     // Pick out the module name
1801     size_t module_len = module_equal - patch_mod_tail;
1802     char* module_name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, module_len+1, mtArguments);
1803     if (module_name != nullptr) {
1804       memcpy(module_name, patch_mod_tail, module_len);
1805       *(module_name + module_len) = '\0';
1806       // The path piece begins one past the module_equal sign
1807       add_patch_mod_prefix(module_name, module_equal + 1);
1808       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(module_name);
1809       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.patch", patch_mod_tail, patch_mod_count++)) {
1810         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1811       }
1812     } else {
1813       return JNI_ENOMEM;
1814     }
1815   }
1816   return JNI_OK;
1817 }
1818 
1819 // Parse -Xss memory string parameter and convert to ThreadStackSize in K.
1820 jint Arguments::parse_xss(const JavaVMOption* option, const char* tail, intx* out_ThreadStackSize) {
1821   // The min and max sizes match the values in globals.hpp, but scaled
1822   // with K. The values have been chosen so that alignment with page
1823   // size doesn't change the max value, which makes the conversions
1824   // back and forth between Xss value and ThreadStackSize value easier.
1825   // The values have also been chosen to fit inside a 32-bit signed type.
1826   const julong min_ThreadStackSize = 0;
1827   const julong max_ThreadStackSize = 1 * M;
1828 
1829   // Make sure the above values match the range set in globals.hpp
1830   const JVMTypedFlagLimit<intx>* limit = JVMFlagLimit::get_range_at(FLAG_MEMBER_ENUM(ThreadStackSize))->cast<intx>();
1831   assert(min_ThreadStackSize == static_cast<julong>(limit->min()), "must be");
1832   assert(max_ThreadStackSize == static_cast<julong>(limit->max()), "must be");
1833 
1834   const julong min_size = min_ThreadStackSize * K;
1835   const julong max_size = max_ThreadStackSize * K;
1836 
1837   assert(is_aligned(max_size, os::vm_page_size()), "Implementation assumption");
1838 
1839   julong size = 0;
1840   ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &size, min_size, max_size);
1841   if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
1842     bool silent = (option == nullptr); // Allow testing to silence error messages
1843     if (!silent) {
1844       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1845                   "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
1846       describe_range_error(errcode);
1847     }
1848     return JNI_EINVAL;
1849   }
1850 
1851   // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
1852   const julong size_aligned = align_up(size, K);
1853   assert(size <= size_aligned,
1854          "Overflow: " JULONG_FORMAT " " JULONG_FORMAT,
1855          size, size_aligned);
1856 
1857   const julong size_in_K = size_aligned / K;
1858   assert(size_in_K < (julong)max_intx,
1859          "size_in_K doesn't fit in the type of ThreadStackSize: " JULONG_FORMAT,
1860          size_in_K);
1861 
1862   // Check that code expanding ThreadStackSize to a page aligned number of bytes won't overflow.
1863   const julong max_expanded = align_up(size_in_K * K, os::vm_page_size());
1864   assert(max_expanded < max_uintx && max_expanded >= size_in_K,
1865          "Expansion overflowed: " JULONG_FORMAT " " JULONG_FORMAT,
1866          max_expanded, size_in_K);
1867 
1868   *out_ThreadStackSize = (intx)size_in_K;
1869 
1870   return JNI_OK;
1871 }
1872 
1873 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
1874   // For match_option to return remaining or value part of option string
1875   const char* tail;
1876 
1877   // iterate over arguments
1878   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
1879     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
1880 
1881     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
1882 
1883     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
1884         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
1885         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
1886 
1887         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
1888         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
1889         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
1890         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
1891         // string constant object.
1892         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
1893     }
1894 
1895     // -verbose:[class/module/gc/jni]
1896     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
1897       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
1898         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, load));
1899         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, unload));
1900       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":module")) {
1901         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, load));
1902         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, unload));
1903       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
1904         if (_legacyGCLogging.lastFlag == 0) {
1905           _legacyGCLogging.lastFlag = 1;
1906         }
1907       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
1908         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Debug, true, LOG_TAGS(jni, resolve));
1909       }
1910     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
1911     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
1912     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
1913     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
1914       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
1915       if (*tail == '\0') {
1916         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
1917       } else {
1918         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
1919         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
1920       }
1921     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
1922     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
1923       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
1924       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
1925     // -bootclasspath:
1926     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
1927         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1928           "-Xbootclasspath is no longer a supported option.\n");
1929         return JNI_EINVAL;
1930     // -bootclasspath/a:
1931     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
1932       Arguments::append_sysclasspath(tail);
1933     // -bootclasspath/p:
1934     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
1935         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1936           "-Xbootclasspath/p is no longer a supported option.\n");
1937         return JNI_EINVAL;
1938     // -Xrun
1939     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
1940       if (tail != nullptr) {
1941         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
1942         size_t len = (pos == nullptr) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
1943         char* name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments);
1944         jio_snprintf(name, len + 1, "%s", tail);
1945 
1946         char *options = nullptr;
1947         if(pos != nullptr) {
1948           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
1949           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtArguments), pos+1, len2);
1950         }
1951 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
1952         if (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0) {
1953           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1954             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
1955           return JNI_ERR;
1956         }
1957 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
1958         JvmtiAgentList::add_xrun(name, options, false);
1959         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(name);
1960         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(options);
1961       }
1962     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-reads=", &tail)) {
1963       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addreads", tail, addreads_count++)) {
1964         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1965       }
1966     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-exports=", &tail)) {
1967       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addexports", tail, addexports_count++)) {
1968         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1969       }
1970     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-opens=", &tail)) {
1971       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addopens", tail, addopens_count++)) {
1972         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1973       }
1974     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-modules=", &tail)) {
1975       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", tail, _addmods_count++)) {
1976         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1977       }
1978 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1979       if (!_jvmci_module_added) {
1980         const char *jvmci_module = strstr(tail, "jdk.internal.vm.ci");
1981         if (jvmci_module != nullptr) {
1982           char before = *(jvmci_module - 1);
1983           char after  = *(jvmci_module + strlen("jdk.internal.vm.ci"));
1984           if ((before == '=' || before == ',') && (after == '\0' || after == ',')) {
1985             FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EnableJVMCI, true);
1986             _jvmci_module_added = true;
1987           }
1988         }
1989       }
1990 #endif
1991     } else if (match_option(option, "--enable-native-access=", &tail)) {
1992       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.enable.native.access", tail, enable_native_access_count++)) {
1993         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1994       }
1995     } else if (match_option(option, "--illegal-native-access=", &tail)) {
1996       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.illegal.native.access", tail, InternalProperty)) {
1997         return JNI_ENOMEM;
1998       }
1999     } else if (match_option(option, "--limit-modules=", &tail)) {
2000       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.limitmods", tail, InternalProperty)) {
2001         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2002       }
2003     } else if (match_option(option, "--module-path=", &tail)) {
2004       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2005         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2006       }
2007     } else if (match_option(option, "--upgrade-module-path=", &tail)) {
2008       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.upgrade.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2009         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2010       }
2011     } else if (match_option(option, "--patch-module=", &tail)) {
2012       // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2013       int res = process_patch_mod_option(tail);
2014       if (res != JNI_OK) {
2015         return res;
2016       }
2017     } else if (match_option(option, "--enable-final-field-mutation=", &tail)) {
2018       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.enable.final.field.mutation", tail, enable_final_field_mutation++)) {
2019         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2020       }
2021     } else if (match_option(option, "--illegal-final-field-mutation=", &tail)) {
2022       if (strcmp(tail, "allow") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "warn") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "debug") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "deny") == 0) {
2023         PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "jdk.module.illegal.final.field.mutation", tail,
2024                                 AddProperty, WriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2025       } else {
2026         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2027                     "Value specified to --illegal-final-field-mutation not recognized: '%s'\n", tail);
2028         return JNI_ERR;
2029       }
2030     } else if (match_option(option, "--sun-misc-unsafe-memory-access=", &tail)) {
2031       if (strcmp(tail, "allow") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "warn") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "debug") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "deny") == 0) {
2032         PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "sun.misc.unsafe.memory.access", tail,
2033                                 AddProperty, WriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2034       } else {
2035         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2036                     "Value specified to --sun-misc-unsafe-memory-access not recognized: '%s'\n", tail);
2037         return JNI_ERR;
2038       }
2039     } else if (match_option(option, "--illegal-access=", &tail)) {
2040       char version[256];
2041       JDK_Version::jdk(17).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
2042       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
2043     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2044     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2045           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2046       if(tail != nullptr) {
2047         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2048         char* name;
2049         if (pos == nullptr) {
2050           name = os::strdup_check_oom(tail, mtArguments);
2051         } else {
2052           size_t len = pos - tail;
2053           name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments);
2054           memcpy(name, tail, len);
2055           name[len] = '\0';
2056         }
2057 
2058         char *options = nullptr;
2059         if(pos != nullptr) {
2060           options = os::strdup_check_oom(pos + 1, mtArguments);
2061         }
2062 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2063         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2064           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2065             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2066           return JNI_ERR;
2067         }
2068 #elif INCLUDE_CDS
2069         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2070           _has_jdwp_agent = true;
2071         }
2072 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2073         JvmtiAgentList::add(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2074         os::free(name);
2075         os::free(options);
2076       }
2077     // -javaagent
2078     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2079 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2080       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2081         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2082       return JNI_ERR;
2083 #else
2084       if (tail != nullptr) {
2085         size_t length = strlen(tail) + 1;
2086         char *options = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
2087         jio_snprintf(options, length, "%s", tail);
2088         JvmtiAgentList::add("instrument", options, false);
2089         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(options);
2090 
2091         // java agents need module java.instrument
2092         if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "java.instrument", _addmods_count++)) {
2093           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2094         }
2095       }
2096 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2097     // --enable_preview
2098     } else if (match_option(option, "--enable-preview")) {
2099       set_enable_preview();
2100     // -Xnoclassgc
2101     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc")) {
2102       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ClassUnloading, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2103         return JNI_EINVAL;
2104       }
2105     // -Xbatch
2106     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch")) {
2107       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BackgroundCompilation, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2108         return JNI_EINVAL;
2109       }
2110     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2111     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2112       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2113       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2114       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2115         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2116                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2117         describe_range_error(errcode);
2118         return JNI_EINVAL;
2119       }
2120       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxNewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2121         return JNI_EINVAL;
2122       }
2123       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2124         return JNI_EINVAL;
2125       }
2126     // -Xms
2127     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2128       julong size = 0;
2129       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2130       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &size, 0);
2131       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2132         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2133                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2134         describe_range_error(errcode);
2135         return JNI_EINVAL;
2136       }
2137       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MinHeapSize, (size_t)size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2138         return JNI_EINVAL;
2139       }
2140       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(InitialHeapSize, (size_t)size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2141         return JNI_EINVAL;
2142       }
2143     // -Xmx
2144     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2145       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2146       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2147       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2148         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2149                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2150         describe_range_error(errcode);
2151         return JNI_EINVAL;
2152       }
2153       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxHeapSize, (size_t)long_max_heap_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2154         return JNI_EINVAL;
2155       }
2156     // Xmaxf
2157     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2158       char* err;
2159       double dmaxf = strtod(tail, &err);
2160       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2161         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2162                     "Bad max heap free ratio: %s\n",
2163                     option->optionString);
2164         return JNI_EINVAL;
2165       }
2166       if (dmaxf < 0.0 || dmaxf > 1.0) {
2167         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2168                     "-Xmaxf value (%s) is outside the allowed range [ 0.0 ... 1.0 ]\n",
2169                     option->optionString);
2170         return JNI_EINVAL;
2171       }
2172       const uintx umaxf = (uintx)(dmaxf * 100);
2173       if (MinHeapFreeRatio > umaxf) {
2174         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2175                     "-Xmaxf value (%s) must be greater than or equal to the implicit -Xminf value (%.2f)\n",
2176                     tail, MinHeapFreeRatio / 100.0f);
2177         return JNI_EINVAL;
2178       }
2179       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxHeapFreeRatio, umaxf) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2180         return JNI_EINVAL;
2181       }
2182     // Xminf
2183     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2184       char* err;
2185       double dminf = strtod(tail, &err);
2186       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2187         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2188                     "Bad min heap free ratio: %s\n",
2189                     option->optionString);
2190         return JNI_EINVAL;
2191       }
2192       if (dminf < 0.0 || dminf > 1.0) {
2193         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2194                     "-Xminf value (%s) is outside the allowed range [ 0.0 ... 1.0 ]\n",
2195                     tail);
2196         return JNI_EINVAL;
2197       }
2198       const uintx uminf = (uintx)(dminf * 100);
2199       if (MaxHeapFreeRatio < uminf) {
2200         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2201                     "-Xminf value (%s) must be less than or equal to the implicit -Xmaxf value (%.2f)\n",
2202                     tail, MaxHeapFreeRatio / 100.0f);
2203         return JNI_EINVAL;
2204       }
2205       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MinHeapFreeRatio, uminf) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2206         return JNI_EINVAL;
2207       }
2208     // -Xss
2209     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2210       intx value = 0;
2211       jint err = parse_xss(option, tail, &value);
2212       if (err != JNI_OK) {
2213         return err;
2214       }
2215       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ThreadStackSize, value) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2216         return JNI_EINVAL;
2217       }
2218     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2219                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2220       if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail)) {
2221         warning("Option -Xmaxjitcodesize was deprecated in JDK 26 and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2222       }
2223       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2224 
2225       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
2226       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2227         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2228                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2229         return JNI_EINVAL;
2230       }
2231       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ReservedCodeCacheSize, (size_t)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2232         return JNI_EINVAL;
2233       }
2234     // -green
2235     } else if (match_option(option, "-green")) {
2236       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2237                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2238           return JNI_EINVAL;
2239     // -native
2240     } else if (match_option(option, "-native")) {
2241           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2242     // -Xrs
2243     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs")) {
2244           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2245       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ReduceSignalUsage, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2246         return JNI_EINVAL;
2247       }
2248       // -Xprof
2249     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof")) {
2250       char version[256];
2251       // Obsolete in JDK 10
2252       JDK_Version::jdk(10).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
2253       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
2254     // -Xinternalversion
2255     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion")) {
2256       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2257                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2258       vm_exit(0);
2259 #ifndef PRODUCT
2260     // -Xprintflags
2261     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags")) {
2262       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, false);
2263       vm_exit(0);
2264 #endif
2265     // -D
2266     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2267       const char* value;
2268       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=", &value) &&
2269             *value!= '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2270         // abort if -Djava.endorsed.dirs is set
2271         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2272           "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=%s is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
2273           "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n", value);
2274         return JNI_EINVAL;
2275       }
2276       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.ext.dirs=", &value) &&
2277             *value != '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2278         // abort if -Djava.ext.dirs is set
2279         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2280           "-Djava.ext.dirs=%s is not supported.  Use -classpath instead.\n", value);
2281         return JNI_EINVAL;
2282       }
2283       // Check for module related properties.  They must be set using the modules
2284       // options. For example: use "--add-modules=java.sql", not
2285       // "-Djdk.module.addmods=java.sql"
2286       if (is_internal_module_property(option->optionString + 2)) {
2287         needs_module_property_warning = true;
2288         continue;
2289       }
2290       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2291         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2292       }
2293       // Out of the box management support
2294       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2295 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2296         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ManagementServer, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2297           return JNI_EINVAL;
2298         }
2299         // management agent in module jdk.management.agent
2300         if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.management.agent", _addmods_count++)) {
2301           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2302         }
2303 #else
2304         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2305           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2306         return JNI_ERR;
2307 #endif
2308       }
2309     // -Xint
2310     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint")) {
2311           set_mode_flags(_int);
2312           mode_flag_cmd_line = true;
2313     // -Xmixed
2314     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed")) {
2315           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2316           mode_flag_cmd_line = true;
2317     // -Xcomp
2318     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp")) {
2319       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2320           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2321           mode_flag_cmd_line = true;
2322     // -Xshare:dump
2323     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump")) {
2324       CDSConfig::enable_dumping_static_archive();
2325       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2326     // -Xshare:on
2327     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on")) {
2328       UseSharedSpaces = true;
2329       RequireSharedSpaces = true;
2330       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2331     // -Xshare:auto || -XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit=<archive file>
2332     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto")) {
2333       UseSharedSpaces = true;
2334       RequireSharedSpaces = false;
2335       xshare_auto_cmd_line = true;
2336       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2337     // -Xshare:off
2338     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off")) {
2339       UseSharedSpaces = false;
2340       RequireSharedSpaces = false;
2341       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2342     // -Xverify
2343     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2344       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2345         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationLocal, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2346           return JNI_EINVAL;
2347         }
2348         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2349           return JNI_EINVAL;
2350         }
2351       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2352         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2353           return JNI_EINVAL;
2354         }
2355         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2356           return JNI_EINVAL;
2357         }
2358       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2359         return JNI_EINVAL;
2360       }
2361     // -Xdebug
2362     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug")) {
2363       warning("Option -Xdebug was deprecated in JDK 22 and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2364     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2365       // Deprecated flag to redirect GC output to a file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2366       log_warning(gc)("-Xloggc is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc:%s instead.", tail);
2367       _legacyGCLogging.lastFlag = 2;
2368       _legacyGCLogging.file = os::strdup_check_oom(tail);
2369     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xlog", &tail)) {
2370       bool ret = false;
2371       if (strcmp(tail, ":help") == 0) {
2372         fileStream stream(defaultStream::output_stream());
2373         LogConfiguration::print_command_line_help(&stream);
2374         vm_exit(0);
2375       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":disable") == 0) {
2376         LogConfiguration::disable_logging();
2377         ret = true;
2378       } else if (strncmp(tail, ":async", strlen(":async")) == 0) {
2379         const char* async_tail = tail + strlen(":async");
2380         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_async_argument(async_tail);
2381       } else if (*tail == '\0') {
2382         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments();
2383         assert(ret, "-Xlog without arguments should never fail to parse");
2384       } else if (*tail == ':') {
2385         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments(tail + 1);
2386       }
2387       if (ret == false) {
2388         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2389                     "Invalid -Xlog option '-Xlog%s', see error log for details.\n",
2390                     tail);
2391         return JNI_EINVAL;
2392       }
2393     // JNI hooks
2394     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2395       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2396 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2397         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2398 #else
2399         CheckJNICalls = true;
2400 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2401       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2402                                      "check")) {
2403         return JNI_EINVAL;
2404       }
2405     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf")) {
2406       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2407     } else if (match_option(option, "exit")) {
2408       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2409     } else if (match_option(option, "abort")) {
2410       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2411     // Need to keep consistency of MaxTenuringThreshold and AlwaysTenure/NeverTenure;
2412     // and the last option wins.
2413     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure")) {
2414       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2415         return JNI_EINVAL;
2416       }
2417       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2418         return JNI_EINVAL;
2419       }
2420       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxTenuringThreshold, markWord::max_age + 1) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2421         return JNI_EINVAL;
2422       }
2423     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure")) {
2424       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2425         return JNI_EINVAL;
2426       }
2427       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2428         return JNI_EINVAL;
2429       }
2430       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxTenuringThreshold, 0) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2431         return JNI_EINVAL;
2432       }
2433     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=", &tail)) {
2434       uint max_tenuring_thresh = 0;
2435       if (!parse_uint(tail, &max_tenuring_thresh, 0)) {
2436         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2437                     "Improperly specified VM option \'MaxTenuringThreshold=%s\'\n", tail);
2438         return JNI_EINVAL;
2439       }
2440 
2441       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxTenuringThreshold, max_tenuring_thresh) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2442         return JNI_EINVAL;
2443       }
2444 
2445       if (MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
2446         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2447           return JNI_EINVAL;
2448         }
2449         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2450           return JNI_EINVAL;
2451         }
2452       } else {
2453         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2454           return JNI_EINVAL;
2455         }
2456         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2457           return JNI_EINVAL;
2458         }
2459       }
2460     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr")) {
2461       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2462         return JNI_EINVAL;
2463       }
2464       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2465         return JNI_EINVAL;
2466       }
2467     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout")) {
2468       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2469         return JNI_EINVAL;
2470       }
2471       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2472         return JNI_EINVAL;
2473       }
2474     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ErrorFileToStderr")) {
2475       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStdout, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2476         return JNI_EINVAL;
2477       }
2478       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStderr, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2479         return JNI_EINVAL;
2480       }
2481     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ErrorFileToStdout")) {
2482       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStderr, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2483         return JNI_EINVAL;
2484       }
2485       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStdout, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2486         return JNI_EINVAL;
2487       }
2488     } else if (match_option(option, "--finalization=", &tail)) {
2489       if (strcmp(tail, "enabled") == 0) {
2490         InstanceKlass::set_finalization_enabled(true);
2491       } else if (strcmp(tail, "disabled") == 0) {
2492         InstanceKlass::set_finalization_enabled(false);
2493       } else {
2494         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2495                     "Invalid finalization value '%s', must be 'disabled' or 'enabled'.\n",
2496                     tail);
2497         return JNI_EINVAL;
2498       }
2499 #if !defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2500     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DTraceMethodProbes")) {
2501       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2502                   "DTraceMethodProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2503       return JNI_EINVAL;
2504     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DTraceAllocProbes")) {
2505       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2506                   "DTraceAllocProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2507       return JNI_EINVAL;
2508     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DTraceMonitorProbes")) {
2509       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2510                   "DTraceMonitorProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2511       return JNI_EINVAL;
2512 #endif // !defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2513 #ifdef ASSERT
2514     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot")) {
2515       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(FullGCALot, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2516         return JNI_EINVAL;
2517       }
2518 #endif
2519 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2520     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer")) {
2521         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2522           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
2523         return JNI_ERR;
2524 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2525 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
2526     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-EnableJVMCIProduct") || match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGraalJIT")) {
2527       if (EnableJVMCIProduct) {
2528         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2529                   "-XX:-EnableJVMCIProduct or -XX:-UseGraalJIT cannot come after -XX:+EnableJVMCIProduct or -XX:+UseGraalJIT\n");
2530         return JNI_EINVAL;
2531       }
2532     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+EnableJVMCIProduct") || match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGraalJIT")) {
2533       bool use_graal_jit = match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGraalJIT");
2534       if (use_graal_jit) {
2535         const char* jvmci_compiler = get_property("jvmci.Compiler");
2536         if (jvmci_compiler != nullptr) {
2537           if (strncmp(jvmci_compiler, "graal", strlen("graal")) != 0) {
2538             jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2539               "Value of jvmci.Compiler incompatible with +UseGraalJIT: %s\n", jvmci_compiler);
2540             return JNI_ERR;
2541           }
2542         } else if (!add_property("jvmci.Compiler=graal")) {
2543             return JNI_ENOMEM;
2544         }
2545       }
2546 
2547       // Just continue, since "-XX:+EnableJVMCIProduct" or "-XX:+UseGraalJIT" has been specified before
2548       if (EnableJVMCIProduct) {
2549         continue;
2550       }
2551       JVMFlag *jvmciFlag = JVMFlag::find_flag("EnableJVMCIProduct");
2552       // Allow this flag if it has been unlocked.
2553       if (jvmciFlag != nullptr && jvmciFlag->is_unlocked()) {
2554         if (!JVMCIGlobals::enable_jvmci_product_mode(origin, use_graal_jit)) {
2555           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2556             "Unable to enable JVMCI in product mode\n");
2557           return JNI_ERR;
2558         }
2559       }
2560       // The flag was locked so process normally to report that error
2561       else if (!process_argument(use_graal_jit ? "UseGraalJIT" : "EnableJVMCIProduct", args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2562         return JNI_EINVAL;
2563       }
2564 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
2565 #if INCLUDE_JFR
2566     } else if (match_jfr_option(&option)) {
2567       return JNI_EINVAL;
2568 #endif
2569     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
2570       // Skip -XX:Flags= and -XX:VMOptionsFile= since those cases have
2571       // already been handled
2572       if ((strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) &&
2573           (strncmp(tail, "VMOptionsFile=", strlen("VMOptionsFile=")) != 0)) {
2574         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2575           return JNI_EINVAL;
2576         }
2577       }
2578     // Unknown option
2579     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
2580       return JNI_ERR;
2581     }
2582   }
2583 
2584   // PrintSharedArchiveAndExit will turn on
2585   //   -Xshare:on
2586   //   -Xlog:class+path=info
2587   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
2588     UseSharedSpaces = true;
2589     RequireSharedSpaces = true;
2590     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, path));
2591   }
2592 
2593   fix_appclasspath();
2594 
2595   return JNI_OK;
2596 }
2597 
2598 void Arguments::set_ext_dirs(char *value) {
2599   _ext_dirs = os::strdup_check_oom(value);
2600 }
2601 
2602 void Arguments::add_patch_mod_prefix(const char* module_name, const char* path) {
2603   // For java.base check for duplicate --patch-module options being specified on the command line.
2604   // This check is only required for java.base, all other duplicate module specifications
2605   // will be checked during module system initialization.  The module system initialization
2606   // will throw an ExceptionInInitializerError if this situation occurs.
2607   if (strcmp(module_name, JAVA_BASE_NAME) == 0) {
2608     if (patch_mod_javabase) {
2609       vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot specify " JAVA_BASE_NAME " more than once to --patch-module");
2610     } else {
2611       patch_mod_javabase = true;
2612     }
2613   }
2614 
2615   // Create GrowableArray lazily, only if --patch-module has been specified
2616   if (_patch_mod_prefix == nullptr) {
2617     _patch_mod_prefix = new (mtArguments) GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*>(10, mtArguments);
2618   }
2619 
2620   _patch_mod_prefix->push(new ModulePatchPath(module_name, path));
2621 }
2622 
2623 // Remove all empty paths from the app classpath (if IgnoreEmptyClassPaths is enabled)
2624 //
2625 // This is necessary because some apps like to specify classpath like -cp foo.jar:${XYZ}:bar.jar
2626 // in their start-up scripts. If XYZ is empty, the classpath will look like "-cp foo.jar::bar.jar".
2627 // Java treats such empty paths as if the user specified "-cp foo.jar:.:bar.jar". I.e., an empty
2628 // path is treated as the current directory.
2629 //
2630 // This causes problems with CDS, which requires that all directories specified in the classpath
2631 // must be empty. In most cases, applications do NOT want to load classes from the current
2632 // directory anyway. Adding -XX:+IgnoreEmptyClassPaths will make these applications' start-up
2633 // scripts compatible with CDS.
2634 void Arguments::fix_appclasspath() {
2635   if (IgnoreEmptyClassPaths) {
2636     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
2637     const char* src = _java_class_path->value();
2638 
2639     // skip over all the leading empty paths
2640     while (*src == separator) {
2641       src ++;
2642     }
2643 
2644     char* copy = os::strdup_check_oom(src, mtArguments);
2645 
2646     // trim all trailing empty paths
2647     for (char* tail = copy + strlen(copy) - 1; tail >= copy && *tail == separator; tail--) {
2648       *tail = '\0';
2649     }
2650 
2651     char from[3] = {separator, separator, '\0'};
2652     char to  [2] = {separator, '\0'};
2653     while (StringUtils::replace_no_expand(copy, from, to) > 0) {
2654       // Keep replacing "::" -> ":" until we have no more "::" (non-windows)
2655       // Keep replacing ";;" -> ";" until we have no more ";;" (windows)
2656     }
2657 
2658     _java_class_path->set_writeable_value(copy);
2659     FreeHeap(copy); // a copy was made by set_value, so don't need this anymore
2660   }
2661 }
2662 
2663 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args() {
2664   // check if the default lib/endorsed directory exists; if so, error
2665   char path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
2666   const char* fileSep = os::file_separator();
2667   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sendorsed", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
2668 
2669   DIR* dir = os::opendir(path);
2670   if (dir != nullptr) {
2671     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2672       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/endorsed is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
2673       "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n");
2674     os::closedir(dir);
2675     return JNI_ERR;
2676   }
2677 
2678   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sext", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
2679   dir = os::opendir(path);
2680   if (dir != nullptr) {
2681     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2682       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/ext exists, extensions mechanism no longer supported; "
2683       "Use -classpath instead.\n.");
2684     os::closedir(dir);
2685     return JNI_ERR;
2686   }
2687 
2688   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is same as -Xint: Disable compilation (enable interpreter-only mode),
2689   // but like -Xint, leave compilation thresholds unaffected.
2690   // With tiered compilation disabled, setting CompileThreshold to 0 disables compilation as well.
2691   if ((CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0) || (!TieredCompilation && CompileThreshold == 0)) {
2692     set_mode_flags(_int);
2693   }
2694 
2695 #ifdef ZERO
2696   // Zero always runs in interpreted mode
2697   set_mode_flags(_int);
2698 #endif
2699 
2700   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
2701   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
2702     FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
2703   }
2704 
2705 #if !COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
2706   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
2707   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
2708       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
2709     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
2710     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
2711     // Java heap and the code cache.
2712     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
2713   }
2714 
2715   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ProfileInterpreter);
2716 #endif
2717 
2718   // Parse the CompilationMode flag
2719   if (!CompilationModeFlag::initialize()) {
2720     return JNI_ERR;
2721   }
2722 
2723   // Called after ClassLoader::lookup_vm_options() but before class loading begins.
2724   // TODO: Obtain and pass correct preview mode flag value here.
2725   ClassLoader::set_preview_mode(false);
2726 
2727   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
2728     return JNI_ERR;
2729   }
2730 
2731 
2732 #ifndef CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
2733   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ShowRegistersOnAssert);
2734 #endif // CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
2735 
2736   return JNI_OK;
2737 }
2738 
2739 // Helper class for controlling the lifetime of JavaVMInitArgs
2740 // objects.  The contents of the JavaVMInitArgs are guaranteed to be
2741 // deleted on the destruction of the ScopedVMInitArgs object.
2742 class ScopedVMInitArgs : public StackObj {
2743  private:
2744   JavaVMInitArgs _args;
2745   char*          _container_name;
2746   bool           _is_set;
2747   char*          _vm_options_file_arg;
2748 
2749  public:
2750   ScopedVMInitArgs(const char *container_name) {
2751     _args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
2752     _args.nOptions = 0;
2753     _args.options = nullptr;
2754     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = false;
2755     _container_name = (char *)container_name;
2756     _is_set = false;
2757     _vm_options_file_arg = nullptr;
2758   }
2759 
2760   // Populates the JavaVMInitArgs object represented by this
2761   // ScopedVMInitArgs object with the arguments in options.  The
2762   // allocated memory is deleted by the destructor.  If this method
2763   // returns anything other than JNI_OK, then this object is in a
2764   // partially constructed state, and should be abandoned.
2765   jint set_args(const GrowableArrayView<JavaVMOption>* options) {
2766     _is_set = true;
2767     JavaVMOption* options_arr = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(
2768         JavaVMOption, options->length(), mtArguments);
2769     if (options_arr == nullptr) {
2770       return JNI_ENOMEM;
2771     }
2772     _args.options = options_arr;
2773 
2774     for (int i = 0; i < options->length(); i++) {
2775       options_arr[i] = options->at(i);
2776       options_arr[i].optionString = os::strdup(options_arr[i].optionString);
2777       if (options_arr[i].optionString == nullptr) {
2778         // Rely on the destructor to do cleanup.
2779         _args.nOptions = i;
2780         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2781       }
2782     }
2783 
2784     _args.nOptions = options->length();
2785     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
2786     return JNI_OK;
2787   }
2788 
2789   JavaVMInitArgs* get()             { return &_args; }
2790   char* container_name()            { return _container_name; }
2791   bool  is_set()                    { return _is_set; }
2792   bool  found_vm_options_file_arg() { return _vm_options_file_arg != nullptr; }
2793   char* vm_options_file_arg()       { return _vm_options_file_arg; }
2794 
2795   void set_vm_options_file_arg(const char *vm_options_file_arg) {
2796     if (_vm_options_file_arg != nullptr) {
2797       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
2798     }
2799     _vm_options_file_arg = os::strdup_check_oom(vm_options_file_arg);
2800   }
2801 
2802   ~ScopedVMInitArgs() {
2803     if (_vm_options_file_arg != nullptr) {
2804       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
2805     }
2806     if (_args.options == nullptr) return;
2807     for (int i = 0; i < _args.nOptions; i++) {
2808       os::free(_args.options[i].optionString);
2809     }
2810     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(_args.options);
2811   }
2812 
2813   // Insert options into this option list, to replace option at
2814   // vm_options_file_pos (-XX:VMOptionsFile)
2815   jint insert(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2816               const JavaVMInitArgs* args_to_insert,
2817               const int vm_options_file_pos) {
2818     assert(_args.options == nullptr, "shouldn't be set yet");
2819     assert(args_to_insert->nOptions != 0, "there should be args to insert");
2820     assert(vm_options_file_pos != -1, "vm_options_file_pos should be set");
2821 
2822     int length = args->nOptions + args_to_insert->nOptions - 1;
2823     // Construct new option array
2824     GrowableArrayCHeap<JavaVMOption, mtArguments> options(length);
2825     for (int i = 0; i < args->nOptions; i++) {
2826       if (i == vm_options_file_pos) {
2827         // insert the new options starting at the same place as the
2828         // -XX:VMOptionsFile option
2829         for (int j = 0; j < args_to_insert->nOptions; j++) {
2830           options.push(args_to_insert->options[j]);
2831         }
2832       } else {
2833         options.push(args->options[i]);
2834       }
2835     }
2836     // make into options array
2837     return set_args(&options);
2838   }
2839 };
2840 
2841 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
2842   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", args);
2843 }
2844 
2845 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
2846   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", args);
2847 }
2848 
2849 static JavaVMOption* get_last_aotmode_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
2850   for (int index = args->nOptions - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
2851     JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2852     if (strstr(option->optionString, "-XX:AOTMode=") == option->optionString) {
2853       return option;
2854     }
2855   }
2856 
2857   return nullptr;
2858 }
2859 
2860 jint Arguments::parse_jdk_aot_vm_options_environment_variable(GrowableArrayCHeap<VMInitArgsGroup, mtArguments>* all_args,
2861                                                             ScopedVMInitArgs* jdk_aot_vm_options_args) {
2862   // Don't bother scanning all the args if this env variable is not set
2863   if (::getenv("JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS") == nullptr) {
2864     return JNI_OK;
2865   }
2866 
2867   // Scan backwards and find the last occurrence of -XX:AOTMode=xxx, which will decide the value
2868   // of AOTMode.
2869   JavaVMOption* option = nullptr;
2870   for (int i = all_args->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
2871     if ((option = get_last_aotmode_arg(all_args->at(i)._args)) != nullptr) {
2872       break;
2873     }
2874   }
2875 
2876   if (option != nullptr) {
2877     // We have found the last -XX:AOTMode=xxx. At this point <option> has NOT been parsed yet,
2878     // so its value is not reflected inside the global variable AOTMode.
2879     if (strcmp(option->optionString, "-XX:AOTMode=create") != 0) {
2880       return JNI_OK; // Do not parse JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS
2881     }
2882   } else {
2883     // -XX:AOTMode is not specified in any of 4 options_args, let's check AOTMode,
2884     // which would have been set inside process_settings_file();
2885     if (AOTMode == nullptr || strcmp(AOTMode, "create") != 0) {
2886       return JNI_OK; // Do not parse JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS
2887     }
2888   }
2889 
2890   return parse_options_environment_variable("JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS", jdk_aot_vm_options_args);
2891 }
2892 
2893 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name,
2894                                                    ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
2895   char *buffer = ::getenv(name);
2896 
2897   // Don't check this environment variable if user has special privileges
2898   // (e.g. unix su command).
2899   if (buffer == nullptr || os::have_special_privileges()) {
2900     return JNI_OK;
2901   }
2902 
2903   if ((buffer = os::strdup(buffer)) == nullptr) {
2904     return JNI_ENOMEM;
2905   }
2906 
2907   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2908               "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
2909 
2910   int retcode = parse_options_buffer(name, buffer, strlen(buffer), vm_args);
2911 
2912   os::free(buffer);
2913   return retcode;
2914 }
2915 
2916 jint Arguments::parse_vm_options_file(const char* file_name, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
2917   // read file into buffer
2918   int fd = ::open(file_name, O_RDONLY);
2919   if (fd < 0) {
2920     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2921                 "Could not open options file '%s'\n",
2922                 file_name);
2923     return JNI_ERR;
2924   }
2925 
2926   struct stat stbuf;
2927   int retcode = os::stat(file_name, &stbuf);
2928   if (retcode != 0) {
2929     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2930                 "Could not stat options file '%s'\n",
2931                 file_name);
2932     ::close(fd);
2933     return JNI_ERR;
2934   }
2935 
2936   if (stbuf.st_size == 0) {
2937     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
2938     ::close(fd);
2939     return JNI_OK;
2940   }
2941 
2942   // '+ 1' for null termination even with max bytes
2943   size_t bytes_alloc = stbuf.st_size + 1;
2944 
2945   char *buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, bytes_alloc, mtArguments);
2946   if (nullptr == buf) {
2947     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2948                 "Could not allocate read buffer for options file parse\n");
2949     ::close(fd);
2950     return JNI_ENOMEM;
2951   }
2952 
2953   memset(buf, 0, bytes_alloc);
2954 
2955   // Fill buffer
2956   ssize_t bytes_read = ::read(fd, (void *)buf, (unsigned)bytes_alloc);
2957   ::close(fd);
2958   if (bytes_read < 0) {
2959     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(buf);
2960     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2961                 "Could not read options file '%s'\n", file_name);
2962     return JNI_ERR;
2963   }
2964 
2965   if (bytes_read == 0) {
2966     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
2967     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(buf);
2968     return JNI_OK;
2969   }
2970 
2971   retcode = parse_options_buffer(file_name, buf, bytes_read, vm_args);
2972 
2973   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(buf);
2974   return retcode;
2975 }
2976 
2977 jint Arguments::parse_options_buffer(const char* name, char* buffer, const size_t buf_len, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
2978   // Construct option array
2979   GrowableArrayCHeap<JavaVMOption, mtArguments> options(2);
2980 
2981   // some pointers to help with parsing
2982   char *buffer_end = buffer + buf_len;
2983   char *opt_hd = buffer;
2984   char *wrt = buffer;
2985   char *rd = buffer;
2986 
2987   // parse all options
2988   while (rd < buffer_end) {
2989     // skip leading white space from the input string
2990     while (rd < buffer_end && isspace((unsigned char) *rd)) {
2991       rd++;
2992     }
2993 
2994     if (rd >= buffer_end) {
2995       break;
2996     }
2997 
2998     // Remember this is where we found the head of the token.
2999     opt_hd = wrt;
3000 
3001     // Tokens are strings of non white space characters separated
3002     // by one or more white spaces.
3003     while (rd < buffer_end && !isspace((unsigned char) *rd)) {
3004       if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3005         int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3006         rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3007         while (rd < buffer_end && *rd != quote) {
3008                                             // include everything (even spaces)
3009                                             // up until the close quote
3010           *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3011         }
3012 
3013         if (rd < buffer_end) {
3014           rd++;                             // don't copy close quote
3015         } else {
3016                                             // did not see closing quote
3017           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3018                       "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3019           return JNI_ERR;
3020         }
3021       } else {
3022         *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3023       }
3024     }
3025 
3026     // steal a white space character and set it to null
3027     *wrt++ = '\0';
3028     // We now have a complete token
3029 
3030     JavaVMOption option;
3031     option.optionString = opt_hd;
3032     option.extraInfo = nullptr;
3033 
3034     options.append(option);                // Fill in option
3035 
3036     rd++;  // Advance to next character
3037   }
3038 
3039   // Fill out JavaVMInitArgs structure.
3040   return vm_args->set_args(&options);
3041 }
3042 
3043 #ifndef PRODUCT
3044 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
3045 static bool use_vm_log() {
3046   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
3047       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
3048       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
3049       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization ||
3050       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
3051     return true;
3052   }
3053 
3054 #ifdef COMPILER1
3055   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
3056     return true;
3057   }
3058 #endif // COMPILER1
3059 
3060 #ifdef COMPILER2
3061   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
3062     return true;
3063   }
3064 #endif // COMPILER2
3065 
3066   return false;
3067 }
3068 
3069 #endif // PRODUCT
3070 
3071 bool Arguments::args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3072   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3073     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3074     const char* tail;
3075     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
3076       return true;
3077     }
3078   }
3079   return false;
3080 }
3081 
3082 jint Arguments::insert_vm_options_file(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3083                                        const char* vm_options_file,
3084                                        const int vm_options_file_pos,
3085                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_options_file_args,
3086                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
3087   jint code = parse_vm_options_file(vm_options_file, vm_options_file_args);
3088   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3089     return code;
3090   }
3091 
3092   if (vm_options_file_args->get()->nOptions < 1) {
3093     return JNI_OK;
3094   }
3095 
3096   if (args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args->get())) {
3097     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3098                 "A VM options file may not refer to a VM options file. "
3099                 "Specification of '-XX:VMOptionsFile=<file-name>' in the "
3100                 "options file '%s' in options container '%s' is an error.\n",
3101                 vm_options_file_args->vm_options_file_arg(),
3102                 vm_options_file_args->container_name());
3103     return JNI_EINVAL;
3104   }
3105 
3106   return args_out->insert(args, vm_options_file_args->get(),
3107                           vm_options_file_pos);
3108 }
3109 
3110 // Expand -XX:VMOptionsFile found in args_in as needed.
3111 // mod_args and args_out parameters may return values as needed.
3112 jint Arguments::expand_vm_options_as_needed(const JavaVMInitArgs* args_in,
3113                                             ScopedVMInitArgs* mod_args,
3114                                             JavaVMInitArgs** args_out) {
3115   jint code = match_special_option_and_act(args_in, mod_args);
3116   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3117     return code;
3118   }
3119 
3120   if (mod_args->is_set()) {
3121     // args_in contains -XX:VMOptionsFile and mod_args contains the
3122     // original options from args_in along with the options expanded
3123     // from the VMOptionsFile. Return a short-hand to the caller.
3124     *args_out = mod_args->get();
3125   } else {
3126     *args_out = (JavaVMInitArgs *)args_in;  // no changes so use args_in
3127   }
3128   return JNI_OK;
3129 }
3130 
3131 jint Arguments::match_special_option_and_act(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3132                                              ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
3133   // Remaining part of option string
3134   const char* tail;
3135   ScopedVMInitArgs vm_options_file_args(args_out->container_name());
3136 
3137   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3138     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3139     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3140       Arguments::set_jvm_flags_file(tail);
3141       continue;
3142     }
3143     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
3144       if (vm_options_file_args.found_vm_options_file_arg()) {
3145         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3146                     "The option '%s' is already specified in the options "
3147                     "container '%s' so the specification of '%s' in the "
3148                     "same options container is an error.\n",
3149                     vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg(),
3150                     vm_options_file_args.container_name(),
3151                     option->optionString);
3152         return JNI_EINVAL;
3153       }
3154       vm_options_file_args.set_vm_options_file_arg(option->optionString);
3155       // If there's a VMOptionsFile, parse that
3156       jint code = insert_vm_options_file(args, tail, index,
3157                                          &vm_options_file_args, args_out);
3158       if (code != JNI_OK) {
3159         return code;
3160       }
3161       args_out->set_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg());
3162       if (args_out->is_set()) {
3163         // The VMOptions file inserted some options so switch 'args'
3164         // to the new set of options, and continue processing which
3165         // preserves "last option wins" semantics.
3166         args = args_out->get();
3167         // The first option from the VMOptionsFile replaces the
3168         // current option.  So we back track to process the
3169         // replacement option.
3170         index--;
3171       }
3172       continue;
3173     }
3174     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions")) {
3175       PrintVMOptions = true;
3176       continue;
3177     }
3178     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions")) {
3179       PrintVMOptions = false;
3180       continue;
3181     }
3182     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3183       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3184       continue;
3185     }
3186     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3187       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3188       continue;
3189     }
3190     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial")) {
3191       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, false);
3192       vm_exit(0);
3193     }
3194 
3195 #ifndef PRODUCT
3196     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments")) {
3197       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, true);
3198       vm_exit(0);
3199     }
3200 #endif
3201   }
3202   return JNI_OK;
3203 }
3204 
3205 static void print_options(const JavaVMInitArgs *args) {
3206   const char* tail;
3207   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3208     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3209     if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3210       logOption(tail);
3211     }
3212   }
3213 }
3214 
3215 bool Arguments::handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags() {
3216   if (PrintGC) {
3217     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGC is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc instead.");
3218   }
3219   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3220     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGCDetails is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc* instead.");
3221   }
3222 
3223   if (_legacyGCLogging.lastFlag == 2) {
3224     // -Xloggc was used to specify a filename
3225     const char* gc_conf = PrintGCDetails ? "gc*" : "gc";
3226 
3227     LogTarget(Error, logging) target;
3228     LogStream errstream(target);
3229     return LogConfiguration::parse_log_arguments(_legacyGCLogging.file, gc_conf, nullptr, nullptr, &errstream);
3230   } else if (PrintGC || PrintGCDetails || (_legacyGCLogging.lastFlag == 1)) {
3231     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, !PrintGCDetails, LOG_TAGS(gc));
3232   }
3233   return true;
3234 }
3235 
3236 static void apply_debugger_ergo() {
3237 #ifdef ASSERT
3238   if (ReplayCompiles) {
3239     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseDebuggerErgo, true);
3240   }
3241 
3242   if (UseDebuggerErgo) {
3243     // Turn on sub-flags
3244     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseDebuggerErgo1, true);
3245     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseDebuggerErgo2, true);
3246   }
3247 
3248   if (UseDebuggerErgo2) {
3249     // Debugging with limited number of CPUs
3250     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseNUMA, false);
3251     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(ConcGCThreads, 1);
3252     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, 1);
3253     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(CICompilerCount, 2);
3254   }
3255 #endif // ASSERT
3256 }
3257 
3258 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3259 
3260 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* initial_cmd_args) {
3261   assert(verify_special_jvm_flags(false), "deprecated and obsolete flag table inconsistent");
3262   JVMFlag::check_all_flag_declarations();
3263 
3264   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3265   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3266   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3267   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3268   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_vm_options_args("");
3269   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
3270   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
3271   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_jdk_aot_vm_options_args("env_var='JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS'");
3272 
3273   // Pointers to current working set of containers
3274   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_cmd_args;
3275   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_vm_options_args;
3276   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_options_args;
3277   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_tool_options_args;
3278   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args;
3279 
3280   // Containers for modified/expanded options
3281   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_cmd_args("cmd_line_args");
3282   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_vm_options_args("vm_options_args");
3283   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
3284   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
3285   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_jdk_aot_vm_options_args("env_var='_JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS'");
3286 
3287   GrowableArrayCHeap<VMInitArgsGroup, mtArguments> all_args;
3288 
3289   jint code =
3290       parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_tool_options_args);
3291   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3292     return code;
3293   }
3294 
3295   // Yet another environment variable: _JAVA_OPTIONS. This mimics the classic VM.
3296   // This is an undocumented feature.
3297   code = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_options_args);
3298   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3299     return code;
3300   }
3301 
3302   // Parse the options in the /java.base/jdk/internal/vm/options resource, if present
3303   char *vmoptions = ClassLoader::lookup_vm_options();
3304   if (vmoptions != nullptr) {
3305     code = parse_options_buffer("vm options resource", vmoptions, strlen(vmoptions), &initial_vm_options_args);
3306     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(vmoptions);
3307     if (code != JNI_OK) {
3308       return code;
3309     }
3310   }
3311 
3312   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_tool_options_args.get(),
3313                                      &mod_java_tool_options_args,
3314                                      &cur_java_tool_options_args);
3315   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3316     return code;
3317   }
3318 
3319   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_cmd_args,
3320                                      &mod_cmd_args,
3321                                      &cur_cmd_args);
3322   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3323     return code;
3324   }
3325 
3326   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_options_args.get(),
3327                                      &mod_java_options_args,
3328                                      &cur_java_options_args);
3329   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3330     return code;
3331   }
3332 
3333   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_vm_options_args.get(),
3334                                      &mod_vm_options_args,
3335                                      &cur_vm_options_args);
3336   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3337     return code;
3338   }
3339 
3340   const char* flags_file = Arguments::get_jvm_flags_file();
3341   settings_file_specified = (flags_file != nullptr);
3342 
3343   // Parse specified settings file (s) -- the effects are applied immediately into the JVM global flags.
3344   if (settings_file_specified) {
3345     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true,
3346                                IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions)) {
3347       return JNI_EINVAL;
3348     }
3349   } else {
3350 #ifdef ASSERT
3351     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3352     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false,
3353                                IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions)) {
3354       return JNI_EINVAL;
3355     }
3356 #else
3357     struct stat buf;
3358     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3359       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3360     }
3361 #endif
3362   }
3363 
3364   // The settings in the args are applied in this order to the the JVM global flags.
3365   // For historical reasons, the order is DIFFERENT than the scanning order of
3366   // the above expand_vm_options_as_needed() calls.
3367   all_args.append({cur_vm_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::JIMAGE_RESOURCE});
3368   all_args.append({cur_java_tool_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::ENVIRON_VAR});
3369   all_args.append({cur_cmd_args, JVMFlagOrigin::COMMAND_LINE});
3370   all_args.append({cur_java_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::ENVIRON_VAR});
3371 
3372   // JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS are parsed only if -XX:AOTMode=create has been detected from all
3373   // the options that have been gathered above.
3374   code = parse_jdk_aot_vm_options_environment_variable(&all_args, &initial_jdk_aot_vm_options_args);
3375   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3376     return code;
3377   }
3378   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_jdk_aot_vm_options_args.get(),
3379                                      &mod_jdk_aot_vm_options_args,
3380                                      &cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args);
3381   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3382     return code;
3383   }
3384 
3385   for (int index = 0; index < cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args->nOptions; index++) {
3386     JavaVMOption* option = cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args->options + index;
3387     const char* optionString = option->optionString;
3388     if (strstr(optionString, "-XX:AOTMode=") == optionString &&
3389         strcmp(optionString, "-XX:AOTMode=create") != 0) {
3390       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3391                   "Option %s cannot be specified in JDK_AOT_VM_OPTIONS\n", optionString);
3392       return JNI_ERR;
3393     }
3394   }
3395 
3396   all_args.append({cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::ENVIRON_VAR});
3397 
3398   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3399     // Note: unrecognized options in cur_vm_options_arg cannot be ignored. They are part of
3400     // the JDK so it shouldn't have bad options.
3401     cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3402     cur_java_tool_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3403     cur_java_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3404     cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3405   }
3406 
3407   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3408     // For historical reasons, options specified in cur_vm_options_arg and -XX:Flags are not printed.
3409     print_options(cur_java_tool_options_args);
3410     print_options(cur_cmd_args);
3411     print_options(cur_java_options_args);
3412     print_options(cur_jdk_aot_vm_options_args);
3413   }
3414 
3415   // Apply the settings in these args to the JVM global flags.
3416   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(&all_args);
3417 
3418   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3419     return result;
3420   }
3421 
3422   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3423   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3424   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3425     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3426             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3427             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3428   }
3429 
3430   if (needs_module_property_warning) {
3431     warning("Ignoring system property options whose names match the '-Djdk.module.*'."
3432             " names that are reserved for internal use.");
3433   }
3434 
3435 #if defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) || defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
3436   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages);
3437 #endif
3438 
3439 #if defined(AIX)
3440   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION_NULL(AllocateHeapAt);
3441 #endif
3442 
3443 #ifndef PRODUCT
3444   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3445     TraceBytecodes = true;
3446   }
3447 #endif // PRODUCT
3448 
3449   if (ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3450     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3451       warning("Forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero");
3452     }
3453     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3454   }
3455 
3456   if (!handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags()) {
3457     return JNI_EINVAL;
3458   }
3459 
3460   // Set object alignment values.
3461   set_object_alignment();
3462 
3463 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3464   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive() || RequireSharedSpaces) {
3465     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3466       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
3467     return JNI_ERR;
3468   }
3469   if (DumpLoadedClassList != nullptr) {
3470     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3471       "DumpLoadedClassList is not supported in this VM\n");
3472     return JNI_ERR;
3473   }
3474   if ((CDSConfig::is_using_archive() && xshare_auto_cmd_line) ||
3475       log_is_enabled(Info, cds) || log_is_enabled(Info, aot)) {
3476     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
3477     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3478     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, true, LOG_TAGS(cds));
3479     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, true, LOG_TAGS(aot));
3480   }
3481   no_shared_spaces("CDS Disabled");
3482 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3483 
3484   // Verify NMT arguments
3485   const NMT_TrackingLevel lvl = NMTUtil::parse_tracking_level(NativeMemoryTracking);
3486   if (lvl == NMT_unknown) {
3487     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3488                 "Syntax error, expecting -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|summary|detail]\n");
3489     return JNI_ERR;
3490   }
3491   if (PrintNMTStatistics && lvl == NMT_off) {
3492     warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
3493     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintNMTStatistics, false);
3494   }
3495 
3496   bool trace_dependencies = log_is_enabled(Debug, dependencies);
3497   if (trace_dependencies && VerifyDependencies) {
3498     warning("dependency logging results may be inflated by VerifyDependencies");
3499   }
3500 
3501   bool log_class_load_cause = log_is_enabled(Info, class, load, cause, native) ||
3502                               log_is_enabled(Info, class, load, cause);
3503   if (log_class_load_cause && LogClassLoadingCauseFor == nullptr) {
3504     warning("class load cause logging will not produce output without LogClassLoadingCauseFor");
3505   }
3506 
3507   apply_debugger_ergo();
3508 
3509   // The VMThread needs to stop now and then to execute these debug options.
3510   if ((HandshakeALot || SafepointALot) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GuaranteedSafepointInterval)) {
3511     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GuaranteedSafepointInterval, 1000);
3512   }
3513 
3514   if (log_is_enabled(Info, arguments)) {
3515     LogStream st(Log(arguments)::info());
3516     Arguments::print_on(&st);
3517   }
3518 
3519   return JNI_OK;
3520 }
3521 
3522 void Arguments::set_compact_headers_flags() {
3523 #ifdef _LP64
3524   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && !UseObjectMonitorTable) {
3525     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseObjectMonitorTable)) {
3526       warning("-UseObjectMonitorTable is incompatible with +UseCompactObjectHeaders; ignoring -UseObjectMonitorTable");
3527     }
3528     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseObjectMonitorTable, true);
3529   }
3530 #endif
3531 }
3532 
3533 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
3534   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3535   jint result = set_ergonomics_flags();
3536   if (result != JNI_OK) return result;
3537 
3538   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3539   GCConfig::arguments()->set_heap_size();
3540 
3541   GCConfig::arguments()->initialize();
3542 
3543   set_compact_headers_flags();
3544 
3545   CompressedKlassPointers::pre_initialize();
3546 
3547   CDSConfig::ergo_initialize();
3548 
3549   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments
3550   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
3551 
3552   if (!StringDedup::ergo_initialize()) {
3553     return JNI_EINVAL;
3554   }
3555 
3556   // Set compiler flags after GC is selected and GC specific
3557   // flags (LoopStripMiningIter) are set.
3558   CompilerConfig::ergo_initialize();
3559 
3560   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3561   set_bytecode_flags();
3562 
3563   // Set flags if aggressive optimization flags are enabled
3564   jint code = set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3565   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3566     return code;
3567   }
3568 
3569   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSecondarySupersTable)) {
3570     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSecondarySupersTable, VM_Version::supports_secondary_supers_table());
3571   } else if (UseSecondarySupersTable && !VM_Version::supports_secondary_supers_table()) {
3572     warning("UseSecondarySupersTable is not supported");
3573     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSecondarySupersTable, false);
3574   }
3575   if (!UseSecondarySupersTable) {
3576     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(StressSecondarySupers, false);
3577     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(VerifySecondarySupers, false);
3578   }
3579 
3580 #ifdef ZERO
3581   // Clear flags not supported on zero.
3582   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3583 #endif // ZERO
3584 
3585   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3586     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3587     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3588   }
3589 
3590   // Treat the odd case where local verification is enabled but remote
3591   // verification is not as if both were enabled.
3592   if (BytecodeVerificationLocal && !BytecodeVerificationRemote) {
3593     log_info(verification)("Turning on remote verification because local verification is on");
3594     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
3595   }
3596 
3597 #ifndef PRODUCT
3598   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
3599     if (use_vm_log()) {
3600       LogVMOutput = true;
3601     }
3602   }
3603 #endif // PRODUCT
3604 
3605   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3606     JVMFlag::printSetFlags(tty);
3607   }
3608 
3609 #if COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3610   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableVectorSupport) && !EnableVectorSupport) {
3611     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableVectorReboxing) && EnableVectorReboxing) {
3612       warning("Disabling EnableVectorReboxing since EnableVectorSupport is turned off.");
3613     }
3614     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EnableVectorReboxing, false);
3615 
3616     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing) && EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing) {
3617       if (!EnableVectorReboxing) {
3618         warning("Disabling EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing since EnableVectorReboxing is turned off.");
3619       } else {
3620         warning("Disabling EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing since EnableVectorSupport is turned off.");
3621       }
3622     }
3623     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing, false);
3624   }
3625 #endif // COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3626 
3627 #ifdef COMPILER2
3628   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLoopPredicate) && !UseLoopPredicate && UseProfiledLoopPredicate) {
3629     warning("Disabling UseProfiledLoopPredicate since UseLoopPredicate is turned off.");
3630     FLAG_SET_ERGO(UseProfiledLoopPredicate, false);
3631   }
3632 #endif // COMPILER2
3633 
3634   if (log_is_enabled(Info, perf, class, link)) {
3635     if (!UsePerfData) {
3636       warning("Disabling -Xlog:perf+class+link since UsePerfData is turned off.");
3637       LogConfiguration::disable_tags(false, LOG_TAGS(perf, class, link));
3638       assert(!log_is_enabled(Info, perf, class, link), "sanity");
3639     }
3640   }
3641 
3642   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(DiagnoseSyncOnValueBasedClasses)) {
3643     if (DiagnoseSyncOnValueBasedClasses == ObjectSynchronizer::LOG_WARNING && !log_is_enabled(Info, valuebasedclasses)) {
3644       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(valuebasedclasses));
3645     }
3646   }
3647   return JNI_OK;
3648 }
3649 
3650 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3651   if (UseNUMA) {
3652     if (UseParallelGC) {
3653       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3654          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3655       }
3656     }
3657   }
3658   return JNI_OK;
3659 }
3660 
3661 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3662   int count = 0;
3663   while(pl != nullptr) {
3664     count++;
3665     pl = pl->next();
3666   }
3667   return count;
3668 }
3669 
3670 // Return the number of readable properties.
3671 int Arguments::PropertyList_readable_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3672   int count = 0;
3673   while(pl != nullptr) {
3674     if (pl->readable()) {
3675       count++;
3676     }
3677     pl = pl->next();
3678   }
3679   return count;
3680 }
3681 
3682 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3683   assert(key != nullptr, "just checking");
3684   SystemProperty* prop;
3685   for (prop = pl; prop != nullptr; prop = prop->next()) {
3686     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3687   }
3688   return nullptr;
3689 }
3690 
3691 // Return the value of the requested property provided that it is a readable property.
3692 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_readable_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3693   assert(key != nullptr, "just checking");
3694   SystemProperty* prop;
3695   // Return the property value if the keys match and the property is not internal or
3696   // it's the special internal property "jdk.boot.class.path.append".
3697   for (prop = pl; prop != nullptr; prop = prop->next()) {
3698     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) {
3699       if (!prop->internal()) {
3700         return prop->value();
3701       } else if (strcmp(key, "jdk.boot.class.path.append") == 0) {
3702         return prop->value();
3703       } else {
3704         // Property is internal and not jdk.boot.class.path.append so return null.
3705         return nullptr;
3706       }
3707     }
3708   }
3709   return nullptr;
3710 }
3711 
3712 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3713   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3714   if (p == nullptr) {
3715     *plist = new_p;
3716   } else {
3717     while (p->next() != nullptr) {
3718       p = p->next();
3719     }
3720     p->set_next(new_p);
3721   }
3722 }
3723 
3724 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
3725                                  bool writeable, bool internal) {
3726   if (plist == nullptr)
3727     return;
3728 
3729   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, writeable, internal);
3730   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3731 }
3732 
3733 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty *element) {
3734   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, element);
3735 }
3736 
3737 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
3738 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
3739                                         PropertyAppendable append, PropertyWriteable writeable,
3740                                         PropertyInternal internal) {
3741   if (plist == nullptr)
3742     return;
3743 
3744   // If property key exists and is writeable, then update with new value.
3745   // Trying to update a non-writeable property is silently ignored.
3746   SystemProperty* prop;
3747   for (prop = *plist; prop != nullptr; prop = prop->next()) {
3748     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
3749       if (append == AppendProperty) {
3750         prop->append_writeable_value(v);
3751       } else {
3752         prop->set_writeable_value(v);
3753       }
3754       return;
3755     }
3756   }
3757 
3758   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v, writeable == WriteableProperty, internal == InternalProperty);
3759 }
3760 
3761 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
3762 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
3763 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
3764 // Notes:
3765 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
3766 // null terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
3767 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
3768 // expanded one.
3769 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
3770 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
3771                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
3772   const char* p = src;
3773   char* b = buf;
3774   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
3775   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
3776 
3777   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
3778     if (*p == '%') {
3779       switch (*(++p)) {
3780       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
3781         *b++ = *p++;
3782         break;
3783       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
3784         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
3785         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
3786         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
3787         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
3788 
3789         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
3790         // the expanded pid, returns false.
3791         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
3792           return false;
3793         } else {
3794           b += ret;
3795           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
3796           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
3797             // reach the end of the buffer.
3798             return true;
3799           }
3800         }
3801         p++;
3802         break;
3803       }
3804       default :
3805         *b++ = '%';
3806       }
3807     } else {
3808       *b++ = *p++;
3809     }
3810   }
3811   *b = '\0';
3812   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
3813 }