1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  26 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  32 #include "compiler/compilerDefinitions.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/genArguments.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  38 #include "jvm.h"
  39 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  40 #include "logging/logConfiguration.hpp"
  41 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  42 #include "logging/logTag.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "nmt/nmtCommon.hpp"
  45 #include "oops/compressedKlass.hpp"
  46 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/objLayout.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "prims/jvmtiAgentList.hpp"
  50 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlag.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagAccess.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
  55 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/os.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  62 #include "services/management.hpp"
  63 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  64 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  65 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  66 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  67 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/parseInteger.hpp"
  69 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/stringUtils.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/systemMemoryBarrier.hpp"
  72 #if INCLUDE_JFR
  73 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
  74 #endif
  75 
  76 #include <limits>
  77 #include <string.h>
  78 
  79 static const char _default_java_launcher[] = "generic";
  80 
  81 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER _default_java_launcher
  82 
  83 char*  Arguments::_jvm_flags_file               = nullptr;
  84 char** Arguments::_jvm_flags_array              = nullptr;
  85 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_flags                = 0;
  86 char** Arguments::_jvm_args_array               = nullptr;
  87 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_args                 = 0;
  88 unsigned int Arguments::_addmods_count          = 0;
  89 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = nullptr;
  90 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = nullptr;
  91 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
  92 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  93 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = nullptr;
  94 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  95 bool   Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm  = false;
  96 
  97 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args()
  98 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  99 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
 100 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
 101 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
 102 size_t Arguments::_default_SharedBaseAddress    = SharedBaseAddress;
 103 
 104 bool   Arguments::_enable_preview               = false;
 105 bool   Arguments::_has_jdwp_agent               = false;
 106 
 107 LegacyGCLogging Arguments::_legacyGCLogging     = { nullptr, 0 };
 108 
 109 // These are not set by the JDK's built-in launchers, but they can be set by
 110 // programs that embed the JVM using JNI_CreateJavaVM. See comments around
 111 // JavaVMOption in jni.h.
 112 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = nullptr;
 113 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = nullptr;
 114 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = nullptr;
 115 
 116 
 117 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = nullptr;
 118 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = nullptr;
 119 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = nullptr;
 120 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = nullptr;
 121 SystemProperty *Arguments::_jdk_boot_class_path_append = nullptr;
 122 SystemProperty *Arguments::_vm_info = nullptr;
 123 
 124 GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*> *Arguments::_patch_mod_prefix = nullptr;
 125 PathString *Arguments::_boot_class_path = nullptr;
 126 bool Arguments::_has_jimage = false;
 127 
 128 char* Arguments::_ext_dirs = nullptr;
 129 
 130 // True if -Xshare:auto option was specified.
 131 static bool xshare_auto_cmd_line = false;
 132 
 133 // True if -Xint/-Xmixed/-Xcomp were specified
 134 static bool mode_flag_cmd_line = false;
 135 
 136 bool PathString::set_value(const char *value, AllocFailType alloc_failmode) {
 137   char* new_value = AllocateHeap(strlen(value)+1, mtArguments, alloc_failmode);
 138   if (new_value == nullptr) {
 139     assert(alloc_failmode == AllocFailStrategy::RETURN_NULL, "must be");
 140     return false;
 141   }
 142   if (_value != nullptr) {
 143     FreeHeap(_value);
 144   }
 145   _value = new_value;
 146   strcpy(_value, value);
 147   return true;
 148 }
 149 
 150 void PathString::append_value(const char *value) {
 151   char *sp;
 152   size_t len = 0;
 153   if (value != nullptr) {
 154     len = strlen(value);
 155     if (_value != nullptr) {
 156       len += strlen(_value);
 157     }
 158     sp = AllocateHeap(len+2, mtArguments);
 159     assert(sp != nullptr, "Unable to allocate space for new append path value");
 160     if (sp != nullptr) {
 161       if (_value != nullptr) {
 162         strcpy(sp, _value);
 163         strcat(sp, os::path_separator());
 164         strcat(sp, value);
 165         FreeHeap(_value);
 166       } else {
 167         strcpy(sp, value);
 168       }
 169       _value = sp;
 170     }
 171   }
 172 }
 173 
 174 PathString::PathString(const char* value) {
 175   if (value == nullptr) {
 176     _value = nullptr;
 177   } else {
 178     _value = AllocateHeap(strlen(value)+1, mtArguments);
 179     strcpy(_value, value);
 180   }
 181 }
 182 
 183 PathString::~PathString() {
 184   if (_value != nullptr) {
 185     FreeHeap(_value);
 186     _value = nullptr;
 187   }
 188 }
 189 
 190 ModulePatchPath::ModulePatchPath(const char* module_name, const char* path) {
 191   assert(module_name != nullptr && path != nullptr, "Invalid module name or path value");
 192   size_t len = strlen(module_name) + 1;
 193   _module_name = AllocateHeap(len, mtInternal);
 194   strncpy(_module_name, module_name, len); // copy the trailing null
 195   _path =  new PathString(path);
 196 }
 197 
 198 ModulePatchPath::~ModulePatchPath() {
 199   if (_module_name != nullptr) {
 200     FreeHeap(_module_name);
 201     _module_name = nullptr;
 202   }
 203   if (_path != nullptr) {
 204     delete _path;
 205     _path = nullptr;
 206   }
 207 }
 208 
 209 SystemProperty::SystemProperty(const char* key, const char* value, bool writeable, bool internal) : PathString(value) {
 210   if (key == nullptr) {
 211     _key = nullptr;
 212   } else {
 213     _key = AllocateHeap(strlen(key)+1, mtArguments);
 214     strcpy(_key, key);
 215   }
 216   _next = nullptr;
 217   _internal = internal;
 218   _writeable = writeable;
 219 }
 220 
 221 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' to the remaining
 222 // part of the option string.
 223 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 224                          const char** tail) {
 225   size_t len = strlen(name);
 226   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 227     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 228     return true;
 229   } else {
 230     return false;
 231   }
 232 }
 233 
 234 // Check if 'option' matches 'name'. No "tail" is allowed.
 235 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name) {
 236   const char* tail = nullptr;
 237   bool result = match_option(option, name, &tail);
 238   if (tail != nullptr && *tail == '\0') {
 239     return result;
 240   } else {
 241     return false;
 242   }
 243 }
 244 
 245 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
 246 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
 247 // the option must match exactly.
 248 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
 249   bool tail_allowed) {
 250   for (/* empty */; *names != nullptr; ++names) {
 251   if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
 252       if (**tail == '\0' || (tail_allowed && **tail == ':')) {
 253         return true;
 254       }
 255     }
 256   }
 257   return false;
 258 }
 259 
 260 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 261 static bool _has_jfr_option = false;  // is using JFR
 262 
 263 // return true on failure
 264 static bool match_jfr_option(const JavaVMOption** option) {
 265   assert((*option)->optionString != nullptr, "invariant");
 266   char* tail = nullptr;
 267   if (match_option(*option, "-XX:StartFlightRecording", (const char**)&tail)) {
 268     _has_jfr_option = true;
 269     return Jfr::on_start_flight_recording_option(option, tail);
 270   } else if (match_option(*option, "-XX:FlightRecorderOptions", (const char**)&tail)) {
 271     _has_jfr_option = true;
 272     return Jfr::on_flight_recorder_option(option, tail);
 273   }
 274   return false;
 275 }
 276 
 277 bool Arguments::has_jfr_option() {
 278   return _has_jfr_option;
 279 }
 280 #endif
 281 
 282 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 283   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 284     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 285   }
 286 }
 287 
 288 bool needs_module_property_warning = false;
 289 
 290 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX "jdk.module."
 291 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN 11
 292 #define ADDEXPORTS "addexports"
 293 #define ADDEXPORTS_LEN 10
 294 #define ADDREADS "addreads"
 295 #define ADDREADS_LEN 8
 296 #define ADDOPENS "addopens"
 297 #define ADDOPENS_LEN 8
 298 #define PATCH "patch"
 299 #define PATCH_LEN 5
 300 #define ADDMODS "addmods"
 301 #define ADDMODS_LEN 7
 302 #define LIMITMODS "limitmods"
 303 #define LIMITMODS_LEN 9
 304 #define PATH "path"
 305 #define PATH_LEN 4
 306 #define UPGRADE_PATH "upgrade.path"
 307 #define UPGRADE_PATH_LEN 12
 308 #define ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS "enable.native.access"
 309 #define ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN 20
 310 #define ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS "illegal.native.access"
 311 #define ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN 21
 312 
 313 // Return TRUE if option matches 'property', or 'property=', or 'property.'.
 314 static bool matches_property_suffix(const char* option, const char* property, size_t len) {
 315   return ((strncmp(option, property, len) == 0) &&
 316           (option[len] == '=' || option[len] == '.' || option[len] == '\0'));
 317 }
 318 
 319 // Return true if property starts with "jdk.module." and its ensuing chars match
 320 // any of the reserved module properties.
 321 // property should be passed without the leading "-D".
 322 bool Arguments::is_internal_module_property(const char* property) {
 323   return internal_module_property_helper(property, false);
 324 }
 325 
 326 // Returns true if property is one of those recognized by is_internal_module_property() but
 327 // is not supported by CDS archived full module graph.
 328 bool Arguments::is_incompatible_cds_internal_module_property(const char* property) {
 329   return internal_module_property_helper(property, true);
 330 }
 331 
 332 bool Arguments::internal_module_property_helper(const char* property, bool check_for_cds) {
 333   if (strncmp(property, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN) == 0) {
 334     const char* property_suffix = property + MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN;
 335     if (matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDREADS, ADDREADS_LEN) ||
 336         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDOPENS, ADDOPENS_LEN) ||
 337         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATCH, PATCH_LEN) ||
 338         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, LIMITMODS, LIMITMODS_LEN) ||
 339         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, UPGRADE_PATH, UPGRADE_PATH_LEN) ||
 340         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS, ILLEGAL_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN)) {
 341       return true;
 342     }
 343 
 344     if (!check_for_cds) {
 345       // CDS notes: these properties are supported by CDS archived full module graph.
 346       if (matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDEXPORTS, ADDEXPORTS_LEN) ||
 347           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATH, PATH_LEN) ||
 348           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDMODS, ADDMODS_LEN) ||
 349           matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS, ENABLE_NATIVE_ACCESS_LEN)) {
 350         return true;
 351       }
 352     }
 353   }
 354   return false;
 355 }
 356 
 357 // Process java launcher properties.
 358 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 359   // See if sun.java.launcher or sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm is defined.
 360   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 361   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 362   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 363     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 364     const char* tail;
 365 
 366     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 367       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 368       continue;
 369     }
 370     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.is_altjvm=", &tail)) {
 371       if (strcmp(tail, "true") == 0) {
 372         _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm = true;
 373       }
 374       continue;
 375     }
 376   }
 377 }
 378 
 379 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 380 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 381 
 382   // Set up _boot_class_path which is not a property but
 383   // relies heavily on argument processing and the jdk.boot.class.path.append
 384   // property. It is used to store the underlying boot class path.
 385   _boot_class_path = new PathString(nullptr);
 386 
 387   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 388                                                            "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 389   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 390   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 391   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("jdk.debug", VM_Version::jdk_debug_level(),  false));
 392 
 393   // Initialize the vm.info now, but it will need updating after argument parsing.
 394   _vm_info = new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(), true);
 395 
 396   // Following are JVMTI agent writable properties.
 397   // Properties values are set to nullptr and they are
 398   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 399   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", nullptr,  true);
 400   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", nullptr,  true);
 401   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", nullptr,  true);
 402   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 403   // jdk.boot.class.path.append is a non-writeable, internal property.
 404   // It can only be set by either:
 405   //    - -Xbootclasspath/a:
 406   //    - AddToBootstrapClassLoaderSearch during JVMTI OnLoad phase
 407   _jdk_boot_class_path_append = new SystemProperty("jdk.boot.class.path.append", nullptr, false, true);
 408 
 409   // Add to System Property list.
 410   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 411   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 412   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 413   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 414   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _jdk_boot_class_path_append);
 415   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _vm_info);
 416 
 417   // Set OS specific system properties values
 418   os::init_system_properties_values();
 419 }
 420 
 421 // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 422 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 423   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 424   char buffer[bufsz];
 425   const char* spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 426   uint32_t spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 427 
 428   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 429 
 430   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 431       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 432   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 433       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 434   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 435       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 436 }
 437 
 438 /*
 439  *  -XX argument processing:
 440  *
 441  *  -XX arguments are defined in several places, such as:
 442  *      globals.hpp, globals_<cpu>.hpp, globals_<os>.hpp, <compiler>_globals.hpp, or <gc>_globals.hpp.
 443  *  -XX arguments are parsed in parse_argument().
 444  *  -XX argument bounds checking is done in check_vm_args_consistency().
 445  *
 446  * Over time -XX arguments may change. There are mechanisms to handle common cases:
 447  *
 448  *      ALIASED: An option that is simply another name for another option. This is often
 449  *               part of the process of deprecating a flag, but not all aliases need
 450  *               to be deprecated.
 451  *
 452  *               Create an alias for an option by adding the old and new option names to the
 453  *               "aliased_jvm_flags" table. Delete the old variable from globals.hpp (etc).
 454  *
 455  *   DEPRECATED: An option that is supported, but a warning is printed to let the user know that
 456  *               support may be removed in the future. Both regular and aliased options may be
 457  *               deprecated.
 458  *
 459  *               Add a deprecation warning for an option (or alias) by adding an entry in the
 460  *               "special_jvm_flags" table and setting the "deprecated_in" field.
 461  *               Often an option "deprecated" in one major release will
 462  *               be made "obsolete" in the next. In this case the entry should also have its
 463  *               "obsolete_in" field set.
 464  *
 465  *     OBSOLETE: An option that has been removed (and deleted from globals.hpp), but is still accepted
 466  *               on the command line. A warning is printed to let the user know that option might not
 467  *               be accepted in the future.
 468  *
 469  *               Add an obsolete warning for an option by adding an entry in the "special_jvm_flags"
 470  *               table and setting the "obsolete_in" field.
 471  *
 472  *      EXPIRED: A deprecated or obsolete option that has an "accept_until" version less than or equal
 473  *               to the current JDK version. The system will flatly refuse to admit the existence of
 474  *               the flag. This allows a flag to die automatically over JDK releases.
 475  *
 476  *               Note that manual cleanup of expired options should be done at major JDK version upgrades:
 477  *                  - Newly expired options should be removed from the special_jvm_flags and aliased_jvm_flags tables.
 478  *                  - Newly obsolete or expired deprecated options should have their global variable
 479  *                    definitions removed (from globals.hpp, etc) and related implementations removed.
 480  *
 481  * Recommended approach for removing options:
 482  *
 483  * To remove options commonly used by customers (e.g. product -XX options), use
 484  * the 3-step model adding major release numbers to the deprecate, obsolete and expire columns.
 485  *
 486  * To remove internal options (e.g. diagnostic, experimental, develop options), use
 487  * a 2-step model adding major release numbers to the obsolete and expire columns.
 488  *
 489  * To change the name of an option, use the alias table as well as a 2-step
 490  * model adding major release numbers to the deprecate and expire columns.
 491  * Think twice about aliasing commonly used customer options.
 492  *
 493  * There are times when it is appropriate to leave a future release number as undefined.
 494  *
 495  * Tests:  Aliases should be tested in VMAliasOptions.java.
 496  *         Deprecated options should be tested in VMDeprecatedOptions.java.
 497  */
 498 
 499 // The special_jvm_flags table declares options that are being deprecated and/or obsoleted. The
 500 // "deprecated_in" or "obsolete_in" fields may be set to "undefined", but not both.
 501 // When the JDK version reaches 'deprecated_in' limit, the JVM will process this flag on
 502 // the command-line as usual, but will issue a warning.
 503 // When the JDK version reaches 'obsolete_in' limit, the JVM will continue accepting this flag on
 504 // the command-line, while issuing a warning and ignoring the flag value.
 505 // Once the JDK version reaches 'expired_in' limit, the JVM will flatly refuse to admit the
 506 // existence of the flag.
 507 //
 508 // MANUAL CLEANUP ON JDK VERSION UPDATES:
 509 // This table ensures that the handling of options will update automatically when the JDK
 510 // version is incremented, but the source code needs to be cleanup up manually:
 511 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" or "expired" options, the associated "globals"
 512 //   variable should be removed, as well as users of the variable.
 513 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" options, move the entry into the
 514 //   "Obsolete Flags" section of the table.
 515 // - All expired options should be removed from the table.
 516 static SpecialFlag const special_jvm_flags[] = {
 517   // -------------- Deprecated Flags --------------
 518   // --- Non-alias flags - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 519   { "AllowRedefinitionToAddDeleteMethods", JDK_Version::jdk(13), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 520   { "FlightRecorder",               JDK_Version::jdk(13), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 521   { "DumpSharedSpaces",             JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 522   { "DynamicDumpSharedSpaces",      JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 523   { "RequireSharedSpaces",          JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 524   { "UseSharedSpaces",              JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::jdk(19), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 525 #ifdef LINUX
 526   { "UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks", JDK_Version::jdk(24), JDK_Version::jdk(25), JDK_Version::jdk(26) },
 527   { "UseOprofile",                  JDK_Version::jdk(25), JDK_Version::jdk(26), JDK_Version::jdk(27) },
 528 #endif
 529   { "LockingMode",                  JDK_Version::jdk(24), JDK_Version::jdk(26), JDK_Version::jdk(27) },
 530   // --- Deprecated alias flags (see also aliased_jvm_flags) - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 531   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",        JDK_Version::jdk(9),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 532 
 533   // -------------- Obsolete Flags - sorted by expired_in --------------
 534 
 535   { "MetaspaceReclaimPolicy",       JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(21), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 536   { "ZGenerational",                JDK_Version::jdk(23), JDK_Version::jdk(24), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 537   { "ZMarkStackSpaceLimit",         JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(25), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 538 
 539 #ifdef ASSERT
 540   { "DummyObsoleteTestFlag",        JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(18), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 541 #endif
 542 
 543 #ifdef TEST_VERIFY_SPECIAL_JVM_FLAGS
 544   // These entries will generate build errors.  Their purpose is to test the macros.
 545   { "dep > obs",                    JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 546   { "dep > exp ",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 547   { "obs > exp ",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 548   { "obs > exp",                    JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(10) },
 549   { "not deprecated or obsolete",   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 550   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 551   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 552 #endif
 553 
 554   { nullptr, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 555 };
 556 
 557 // Flags that are aliases for other flags.
 558 typedef struct {
 559   const char* alias_name;
 560   const char* real_name;
 561 } AliasedFlag;
 562 
 563 static AliasedFlag const aliased_jvm_flags[] = {
 564   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",    "CreateCoredumpOnCrash" },
 565   { nullptr, nullptr}
 566 };
 567 
 568 // Return true if "v" is less than "other", where "other" may be "undefined".
 569 static bool version_less_than(JDK_Version v, JDK_Version other) {
 570   assert(!v.is_undefined(), "must be defined");
 571   if (!other.is_undefined() && v.compare(other) >= 0) {
 572     return false;
 573   } else {
 574     return true;
 575   }
 576 }
 577 
 578 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, SpecialFlag& flag) {
 579   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != nullptr; i++) {
 580     if ((strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 581       flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 582       return true;
 583     }
 584   }
 585   return false;
 586 }
 587 
 588 bool Arguments::is_obsolete_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 589   assert(version != nullptr, "Must provide a version buffer");
 590   SpecialFlag flag;
 591   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 592     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 593       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 594         *version = flag.obsolete_in;
 595         // This flag may have been marked for obsoletion in this version, but we may not
 596         // have actually removed it yet. Rather than ignoring it as soon as we reach
 597         // this version we allow some time for the removal to happen. So if the flag
 598         // still actually exists we process it as normal, but issue an adjusted warning.
 599         const JVMFlag *real_flag = JVMFlag::find_declared_flag(flag_name);
 600         if (real_flag != nullptr) {
 601           char version_str[256];
 602           version->to_string(version_str, sizeof(version_str));
 603           warning("Temporarily processing option %s; support is scheduled for removal in %s",
 604                   flag_name, version_str);
 605           return false;
 606         }
 607         return true;
 608       }
 609     }
 610   }
 611   return false;
 612 }
 613 
 614 int Arguments::is_deprecated_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 615   assert(version != nullptr, "Must provide a version buffer");
 616   SpecialFlag flag;
 617   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 618     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 619       if (version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in) &&
 620           version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 621         *version = flag.deprecated_in;
 622         return 1;
 623       } else {
 624         return -1;
 625       }
 626     }
 627   }
 628   return 0;
 629 }
 630 
 631 const char* Arguments::real_flag_name(const char *flag_name) {
 632   for (size_t i = 0; aliased_jvm_flags[i].alias_name != nullptr; i++) {
 633     const AliasedFlag& flag_status = aliased_jvm_flags[i];
 634     if (strcmp(flag_status.alias_name, flag_name) == 0) {
 635         return flag_status.real_name;
 636     }
 637   }
 638   return flag_name;
 639 }
 640 
 641 #ifdef ASSERT
 642 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, size_t skip_index) {
 643   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != nullptr; i++) {
 644     if ((i != skip_index) && (strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 645       return true;
 646     }
 647   }
 648   return false;
 649 }
 650 
 651 // Verifies the correctness of the entries in the special_jvm_flags table.
 652 // If there is a semantic error (i.e. a bug in the table) such as the obsoletion
 653 // version being earlier than the deprecation version, then a warning is issued
 654 // and verification fails - by returning false. If it is detected that the table
 655 // is out of date, with respect to the current version, then ideally a warning is
 656 // issued but verification does not fail. This allows the VM to operate when the
 657 // version is first updated, without needing to update all the impacted flags at
 658 // the same time. In practice we can't issue the warning immediately when the version
 659 // is updated as it occurs for every test and some tests are not prepared to handle
 660 // unexpected output - see 8196739. Instead we only check if the table is up-to-date
 661 // if the check_globals flag is true, and in addition allow a grace period and only
 662 // check for stale flags when we hit build 25 (which is far enough into the 6 month
 663 // release cycle that all flag updates should have been processed, whilst still
 664 // leaving time to make the change before RDP2).
 665 // We use a gtest to call this, passing true, so that we can detect stale flags before
 666 // the end of the release cycle.
 667 
 668 static const int SPECIAL_FLAG_VALIDATION_BUILD = 25;
 669 
 670 bool Arguments::verify_special_jvm_flags(bool check_globals) {
 671   bool success = true;
 672   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != nullptr; i++) {
 673     const SpecialFlag& flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 674     if (lookup_special_flag(flag.name, i)) {
 675       warning("Duplicate special flag declaration \"%s\"", flag.name);
 676       success = false;
 677     }
 678     if (flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined() &&
 679         flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 680       warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must declare version deprecated and/or obsoleted in.", flag.name);
 681       success = false;
 682     }
 683 
 684     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 685       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.obsolete_in)) {
 686         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before obsoleted.", flag.name);
 687         success = false;
 688       }
 689 
 690       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 691         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before expired.", flag.name);
 692         success = false;
 693       }
 694     }
 695 
 696     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 697       if (!version_less_than(flag.obsolete_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 698         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be obsoleted before expired.", flag.name);
 699         success = false;
 700       }
 701 
 702       // if flag has become obsolete it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 703       if (check_globals && VM_Version::vm_build_number() >= SPECIAL_FLAG_VALIDATION_BUILD &&
 704           !version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 705         if (JVMFlag::find_declared_flag(flag.name) != nullptr) {
 706           warning("Global variable for obsolete special flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 707           success = false;
 708         }
 709       }
 710 
 711     } else if (!flag.expired_in.is_undefined()) {
 712       warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be explicitly obsoleted before expired.", flag.name);
 713       success = false;
 714     }
 715 
 716     if (!flag.expired_in.is_undefined()) {
 717       // if flag has become expired it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 718       if (check_globals && VM_Version::vm_build_number() >= SPECIAL_FLAG_VALIDATION_BUILD &&
 719           !version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 720         if (JVMFlag::find_declared_flag(flag.name) != nullptr) {
 721           warning("Global variable for expired flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 722           success = false;
 723         }
 724       }
 725     }
 726   }
 727   return success;
 728 }
 729 #endif
 730 
 731 bool Arguments::atojulong(const char *s, julong* result) {
 732   return parse_integer(s, result);
 733 }
 734 
 735 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size, julong max_size) {
 736   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 737   if (size > max_size) return arg_too_big;
 738   return arg_in_range;
 739 }
 740 
 741 // Describe an argument out of range error
 742 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 743   switch(errcode) {
 744   case arg_too_big:
 745     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 746                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 747                 "representable size.\n");
 748     break;
 749   case arg_too_small:
 750   case arg_unreadable:
 751   case arg_in_range:
 752     // do nothing for now
 753     break;
 754   default:
 755     ShouldNotReachHere();
 756   }
 757 }
 758 
 759 static bool set_bool_flag(JVMFlag* flag, bool value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 760   if (JVMFlagAccess::set_bool(flag, &value, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
 761     return true;
 762   } else {
 763     return false;
 764   }
 765 }
 766 
 767 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 768   // strtod allows leading whitespace, but our flag format does not.
 769   if (*value == '\0' || isspace((unsigned char) *value)) {
 770     return false;
 771   }
 772   char* end;
 773   errno = 0;
 774   double v = strtod(value, &end);
 775   if ((errno != 0) || (*end != 0)) {
 776     return false;
 777   }
 778   if (g_isnan(v) || !g_isfinite(v)) {
 779     // Currently we cannot handle these special values.
 780     return false;
 781   }
 782 
 783   if (JVMFlagAccess::set_double(flag, &v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
 784     return true;
 785   }
 786   return false;
 787 }
 788 
 789 static bool set_numeric_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 790   JVMFlag::Error result = JVMFlag::WRONG_FORMAT;
 791 
 792   if (flag->is_int()) {
 793     int v;
 794     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 795       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_int(flag, &v, origin);
 796     }
 797   } else if (flag->is_uint()) {
 798     uint v;
 799     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 800       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_uint(flag, &v, origin);
 801     }
 802   } else if (flag->is_intx()) {
 803     intx v;
 804     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 805       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_intx(flag, &v, origin);
 806     }
 807   } else if (flag->is_uintx()) {
 808     uintx v;
 809     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 810       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_uintx(flag, &v, origin);
 811     }
 812   } else if (flag->is_uint64_t()) {
 813     uint64_t v;
 814     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 815       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_uint64_t(flag, &v, origin);
 816     }
 817   } else if (flag->is_size_t()) {
 818     size_t v;
 819     if (parse_integer(value, &v)) {
 820       result = JVMFlagAccess::set_size_t(flag, &v, origin);
 821     }
 822   }
 823 
 824   return result == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 825 }
 826 
 827 static bool set_string_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 828   if (value[0] == '\0') {
 829     value = nullptr;
 830   }
 831   if (JVMFlagAccess::set_ccstr(flag, &value, origin) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) return false;
 832   // Contract:  JVMFlag always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 833   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 834   return true;
 835 }
 836 
 837 static bool append_to_string_flag(JVMFlag* flag, const char* new_value, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 838   const char* old_value = "";
 839   if (JVMFlagAccess::get_ccstr(flag, &old_value) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) return false;
 840   size_t old_len = old_value != nullptr ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 841   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 842   const char* value;
 843   char* free_this_too = nullptr;
 844   if (old_len == 0) {
 845     value = new_value;
 846   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 847     value = old_value;
 848   } else {
 849      size_t length = old_len + 1 + new_len + 1;
 850      char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
 851     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 852     jio_snprintf(buf, length, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 853     value = buf;
 854     free_this_too = buf;
 855   }
 856   (void) JVMFlagAccess::set_ccstr(flag, &value, origin);
 857   // JVMFlag always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 858   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 859   // JVMFlag made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 860   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too);
 861   return true;
 862 }
 863 
 864 const char* Arguments::handle_aliases_and_deprecation(const char* arg) {
 865   const char* real_name = real_flag_name(arg);
 866   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 867   switch (is_deprecated_flag(arg, &since)) {
 868   case -1: {
 869       // Obsolete or expired, so don't process normally,
 870       // but allow for an obsolete flag we're still
 871       // temporarily allowing.
 872       if (!is_obsolete_flag(arg, &since)) {
 873         return real_name;
 874       }
 875       // Note if we're not considered obsolete then we can't be expired either
 876       // as obsoletion must come first.
 877       return nullptr;
 878     }
 879     case 0:
 880       return real_name;
 881     case 1: {
 882       char version[256];
 883       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 884       if (real_name != arg) {
 885         warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release. Use option %s instead.",
 886                 arg, version, real_name);
 887       } else {
 888         warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release.",
 889                 arg, version);
 890       }
 891       return real_name;
 892     }
 893   }
 894   ShouldNotReachHere();
 895   return nullptr;
 896 }
 897 
 898 #define BUFLEN 255
 899 
 900 JVMFlag* Arguments::find_jvm_flag(const char* name, size_t name_length) {
 901   char name_copied[BUFLEN+1];
 902   if (name[name_length] != 0) {
 903     if (name_length > BUFLEN) {
 904       return nullptr;
 905     } else {
 906       strncpy(name_copied, name, name_length);
 907       name_copied[name_length] = '\0';
 908       name = name_copied;
 909     }
 910   }
 911 
 912   const char* real_name = Arguments::handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name);
 913   if (real_name == nullptr) {
 914     return nullptr;
 915   }
 916   JVMFlag* flag = JVMFlag::find_flag(real_name);
 917   return flag;
 918 }
 919 
 920 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
 921   bool is_bool = false;
 922   bool bool_val = false;
 923   char c = *arg;
 924   if (c == '+' || c == '-') {
 925     is_bool = true;
 926     bool_val = (c == '+');
 927     arg++;
 928   }
 929 
 930   const char* name = arg;
 931   while (true) {
 932     c = *arg;
 933     if (isalnum(c) || (c == '_')) {
 934       ++arg;
 935     } else {
 936       break;
 937     }
 938   }
 939 
 940   size_t name_len = size_t(arg - name);
 941   if (name_len == 0) {
 942     return false;
 943   }
 944 
 945   JVMFlag* flag = find_jvm_flag(name, name_len);
 946   if (flag == nullptr) {
 947     return false;
 948   }
 949 
 950   if (is_bool) {
 951     if (*arg != 0) {
 952       // Error -- extra characters such as -XX:+BoolFlag=123
 953       return false;
 954     }
 955     return set_bool_flag(flag, bool_val, origin);
 956   }
 957 
 958   if (arg[0] == '=') {
 959     const char* value = arg + 1;
 960     if (flag->is_ccstr()) {
 961       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 962         return append_to_string_flag(flag, value, origin);
 963       } else {
 964         return set_string_flag(flag, value, origin);
 965       }
 966     } else if (flag->is_double()) {
 967       return set_fp_numeric_flag(flag, value, origin);
 968     } else {
 969       return set_numeric_flag(flag, value, origin);
 970     }
 971   }
 972 
 973   if (arg[0] == ':' && arg[1] == '=') {
 974     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 975     const char* value = arg + 2;
 976     return set_string_flag(flag, value, origin);
 977   }
 978 
 979   return false;
 980 }
 981 
 982 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 983   assert(bldarray != nullptr, "illegal argument");
 984 
 985   if (arg == nullptr) {
 986     return;
 987   }
 988 
 989   int new_count = *count + 1;
 990 
 991   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 992   if (*bldarray == nullptr) {
 993     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtArguments);
 994   } else {
 995     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, new_count, mtArguments);
 996   }
 997   (*bldarray)[*count] = os::strdup_check_oom(arg);
 998   *count = new_count;
 999 }
1000 
1001 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
1002   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
1003 }
1004 
1005 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
1006   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
1007 }
1008 
1009 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
1010 // strings in a given char** array
1011 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
1012   if (args == nullptr || count == 0) {
1013     return nullptr;
1014   }
1015   size_t length = 0;
1016   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1017     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or null terminating character
1018   }
1019   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
1020   char* dst = s;
1021   for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
1022     size_t offset = strlen(args[j]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or null terminating character
1023     jio_snprintf(dst, length, "%s ", args[j]); // jio_snprintf will replace the last space character with null character
1024     dst += offset;
1025     length -= offset;
1026   }
1027   return (const char*) s;
1028 }
1029 
1030 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1031   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
1032   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1033     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1034     st->cr();
1035   }
1036   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1037     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
1038     st->cr();
1039   }
1040   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
1041   if (_java_class_path != nullptr) {
1042     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
1043     size_t len = strlen(path);
1044     st->print("java_class_path (initial): ");
1045     // Avoid using st->print_cr() because path length maybe longer than O_BUFLEN.
1046     if (len == 0) {
1047       st->print_raw_cr("<not set>");
1048     } else {
1049       st->print_raw_cr(path, len);
1050     }
1051   }
1052   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
1053 }
1054 
1055 void Arguments::print_summary_on(outputStream* st) {
1056   // Print the command line.  Environment variables that are helpful for
1057   // reproducing the problem are written later in the hs_err file.
1058   // flags are from setting file
1059   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1060     st->print_raw("Settings File: ");
1061     print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1062     st->cr();
1063   }
1064   // args are the command line and environment variable arguments.
1065   st->print_raw("Command Line: ");
1066   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1067     print_jvm_args_on(st);
1068   }
1069   // this is the classfile and any arguments to the java program
1070   if (java_command() != nullptr) {
1071     st->print("%s", java_command());
1072   }
1073   st->cr();
1074 }
1075 
1076 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
1077   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
1078     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
1079       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
1080     }
1081   }
1082 }
1083 
1084 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
1085   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
1086     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
1087       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
1088     }
1089   }
1090 }
1091 
1092 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
1093                                  jboolean ignore_unrecognized,
1094                                  JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
1095   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
1096 
1097   if (parse_argument(arg, origin)) {
1098     return true;
1099   }
1100 
1101   // Determine if the flag has '+', '-', or '=' characters.
1102   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
1103   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
1104 
1105   size_t arg_len;
1106   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
1107   if (equal_sign == nullptr) {
1108     arg_len = strlen(argname);
1109   } else {
1110     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
1111   }
1112 
1113   // Only make the obsolete check for valid arguments.
1114   if (arg_len <= BUFLEN) {
1115     // Construct a string which consists only of the argument name without '+', '-', or '='.
1116     char stripped_argname[BUFLEN+1]; // +1 for '\0'
1117     jio_snprintf(stripped_argname, arg_len+1, "%s", argname); // +1 for '\0'
1118     if (is_obsolete_flag(stripped_argname, &since)) {
1119       char version[256];
1120       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
1121       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", stripped_argname, version);
1122       return true;
1123     }
1124   }
1125 
1126   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
1127   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
1128   const JVMFlag* found_flag = JVMFlag::find_declared_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len);
1129   if (found_flag != nullptr) {
1130     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
1131     JVMFlag::MsgType msg_type = found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
1132     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) != 0) {
1133 #ifdef PRODUCT
1134       bool mismatched = msg_type == JVMFlag::DEVELOPER_FLAG_BUT_PRODUCT_BUILD;
1135       if (ignore_unrecognized && mismatched) {
1136         return true;
1137       }
1138 #endif
1139       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
1140     }
1141     if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
1142       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1143         "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1144     } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
1145       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1146         "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1147     } else {
1148       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1149         "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1150     }
1151   } else {
1152     if (ignore_unrecognized) {
1153       return true;
1154     }
1155     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1156                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1157     JVMFlag* fuzzy_matched = JVMFlag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
1158     if (fuzzy_matched != nullptr) {
1159       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1160                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'?\n",
1161                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
1162                   fuzzy_matched->name(),
1163                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
1164     }
1165   }
1166 
1167   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
1168   return arg[0] == '#';
1169 }
1170 
1171 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
1172   FILE* stream = os::fopen(file_name, "rb");
1173   if (stream == nullptr) {
1174     if (should_exist) {
1175       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1176                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
1177       return false;
1178     } else {
1179       return true;
1180     }
1181   }
1182 
1183   char token[1024];
1184   int  pos = 0;
1185 
1186   bool in_white_space = true;
1187   bool in_comment     = false;
1188   bool in_quote       = false;
1189   int  quote_c        = 0;
1190   bool result         = true;
1191 
1192   int c = getc(stream);
1193   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
1194     if (in_white_space) {
1195       if (in_comment) {
1196         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
1197       } else {
1198         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
1199         else if (!isspace((unsigned char) c)) {
1200           in_white_space = false;
1201           token[pos++] = checked_cast<char>(c);
1202         }
1203       }
1204     } else {
1205       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace((unsigned char) c))) {
1206         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
1207         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
1208         token[pos] = '\0';
1209         logOption(token);
1210         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, JVMFlagOrigin::CONFIG_FILE);
1211         build_jvm_flags(token);
1212         pos = 0;
1213         in_white_space = true;
1214         in_quote = false;
1215       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
1216         in_quote = true;
1217         quote_c = c;
1218       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
1219         in_quote = false;
1220       } else {
1221         token[pos++] = checked_cast<char>(c);
1222       }
1223     }
1224     c = getc(stream);
1225   }
1226   if (pos > 0) {
1227     token[pos] = '\0';
1228     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, JVMFlagOrigin::CONFIG_FILE);
1229     build_jvm_flags(token);
1230   }
1231   fclose(stream);
1232   return result;
1233 }
1234 
1235 //=============================================================================================================
1236 // Parsing of properties (-D)
1237 
1238 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
1239   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
1240 }
1241 
1242 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop, PropertyWriteable writeable, PropertyInternal internal) {
1243   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
1244   const char* key;
1245   const char* value = "";
1246 
1247   if (eq == nullptr) {
1248     // property doesn't have a value, thus use passed string
1249     key = prop;
1250   } else {
1251     // property have a value, thus extract it and save to the
1252     // allocated string
1253     size_t key_len = eq - prop;
1254     char* tmp_key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtArguments);
1255 
1256     jio_snprintf(tmp_key, key_len + 1, "%s", prop);
1257     key = tmp_key;
1258 
1259     value = &prop[key_len + 1];
1260   }
1261 
1262   if (internal == ExternalProperty) {
1263     CDSConfig::check_incompatible_property(key, value);
1264   }
1265 
1266   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1267     // we no longer support java.compiler system property, log a warning and let it get
1268     // passed to Java, like any other system property
1269     if (strlen(value) == 0 || strcasecmp(value, "NONE") == 0) {
1270         // for applications using NONE or empty value, log a more informative message
1271         warning("The java.compiler system property is obsolete and no longer supported, use -Xint");
1272     } else {
1273         warning("The java.compiler system property is obsolete and no longer supported.");
1274     }
1275   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm") == 0) {
1276     // sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm property is
1277     // private and is processed in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
1278     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
1279   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1280     // append is true, writable is true, internal is false
1281     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AppendProperty,
1282                             WriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1283   } else {
1284     if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1285       char *old_java_command = _java_command;
1286       _java_command = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1287       if (old_java_command != nullptr) {
1288         os::free(old_java_command);
1289       }
1290     } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1291       // If this property is set on the command line then its value will be
1292       // displayed in VM error logs as the URL at which to submit such logs.
1293       // Normally the URL displayed in error logs is different from the value
1294       // of this system property, so a different property should have been
1295       // used here, but we leave this as-is in case someone depends upon it.
1296       const char* old_java_vendor_url_bug = _java_vendor_url_bug;
1297       // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1298       // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1299       _java_vendor_url_bug = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1300       if (old_java_vendor_url_bug != nullptr) {
1301         os::free((void *)old_java_vendor_url_bug);
1302       }
1303     }
1304 
1305     // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1306     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AddProperty, writeable, internal);
1307   }
1308 
1309   if (key != prop) {
1310     // SystemProperty copy passed value, thus free previously allocated
1311     // memory
1312     FreeHeap((void *)key);
1313   }
1314 
1315   return true;
1316 }
1317 
1318 //===========================================================================================================
1319 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1320 
1321 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1322   // Set up default values for all flags.
1323   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1324   // add a default value for it here.
1325   _mode                      = mode;
1326 
1327   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1328   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1329   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1330                           VM_Version::vm_info_string(), AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1331 
1332   UseInterpreter             = true;
1333   UseCompiler                = true;
1334   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1335 
1336   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1337   // use the saved values
1338   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1339   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1340   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1341   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1342 
1343   // Change from defaults based on mode
1344   switch (mode) {
1345   default:
1346     ShouldNotReachHere();
1347     break;
1348   case _int:
1349     UseCompiler              = false;
1350     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1351     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1352     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1353     break;
1354   case _mixed:
1355     // same as default
1356     break;
1357   case _comp:
1358     UseInterpreter           = false;
1359     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1360     ClipInlining             = false;
1361     break;
1362   }
1363 }
1364 
1365 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1366 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1367 void Arguments::no_shared_spaces(const char* message) {
1368   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1369     log_error(cds)("%s is incompatible with other specified options.",
1370                    CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used() ? "AOT cache" : "CDS");
1371     if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1372       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use AOT cache", message);
1373     } else {
1374       vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive", message);
1375     }
1376   } else {
1377     if (CDSConfig::new_aot_flags_used()) {
1378       log_warning(cds)("Unable to use AOT cache: %s", message);
1379     } else {
1380       log_info(cds)("Unable to use shared archive: %s", message);
1381     }
1382     UseSharedSpaces = false;
1383   }
1384 }
1385 
1386 static void set_object_alignment() {
1387   // Object alignment.
1388   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1389   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1390   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1391   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1392   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1393   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1394 
1395   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1396   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1397 
1398   // Oop encoding heap max
1399   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1400 }
1401 
1402 size_t Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1403   // Avoid sign flip.
1404   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1405   // We need to fit both the null page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1406   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1407   // null page is located before the heap, we pad the null page to the conservative
1408   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1409   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_up(os::vm_page_size(),
1410                                                   _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1411 
1412   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1413   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1414 }
1415 
1416 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1417 #ifdef _LP64
1418   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1419   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1420   // to use UseCompressedOops are InitialHeapSize and MinHeapSize.
1421   size_t max_heap_size = MAX3(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize, MinHeapSize);
1422 
1423   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1424     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1425       FLAG_SET_ERGO(UseCompressedOops, true);
1426     }
1427   } else {
1428     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1429       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1430       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1431     }
1432   }
1433 #endif // _LP64
1434 }
1435 
1436 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1437   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1438   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1439   // itself and the maximum page size we may run the VM with.
1440   size_t heap_alignment = GCConfig::arguments()->conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1441   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX4(heap_alignment,
1442                                           os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
1443                                           os::max_page_size(),
1444                                           GCArguments::compute_heap_alignment());
1445 }
1446 
1447 jint Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1448   GCConfig::initialize();
1449 
1450   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1451 
1452 #ifdef _LP64
1453   set_use_compressed_oops();
1454 
1455   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1456   // in vm_version initialization code.
1457 #endif // _LP64
1458 
1459   return JNI_OK;
1460 }
1461 
1462 size_t Arguments::limit_heap_by_allocatable_memory(size_t limit) {
1463   size_t max_allocatable;
1464   size_t result = limit;
1465   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
1466     // The AggressiveHeap check is a temporary workaround to avoid calling
1467     // GCarguments::heap_virtual_to_physical_ratio() before a GC has been
1468     // selected. This works because AggressiveHeap implies UseParallelGC
1469     // where we know the ratio will be 1. Once the AggressiveHeap option is
1470     // removed, this can be cleaned up.
1471     size_t heap_virtual_to_physical_ratio = (AggressiveHeap ? 1 : GCConfig::arguments()->heap_virtual_to_physical_ratio());
1472     size_t fraction = MaxVirtMemFraction * heap_virtual_to_physical_ratio;
1473     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / fraction);
1474   }
1475   return result;
1476 }
1477 
1478 // Use static initialization to get the default before parsing
1479 static const size_t DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress = HeapBaseMinAddress;
1480 
1481 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1482   julong phys_mem;
1483 
1484   // If the user specified one of these options, they
1485   // want specific memory sizing so do not limit memory
1486   // based on compressed oops addressability.
1487   // Also, memory limits will be calculated based on
1488   // available os physical memory, not our MaxRAM limit,
1489   // unless MaxRAM is also specified.
1490   bool override_coop_limit = (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAMPercentage) ||
1491                            !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinRAMPercentage) ||
1492                            !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialRAMPercentage) ||
1493                            !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM));
1494   if (override_coop_limit) {
1495     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM)) {
1496       phys_mem = os::physical_memory();
1497       FLAG_SET_ERGO(MaxRAM, (uint64_t)phys_mem);
1498     } else {
1499       phys_mem = (julong)MaxRAM;
1500     }
1501   } else {
1502     phys_mem = FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1503                                        : (julong)MaxRAM;
1504   }
1505 
1506   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1507   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1508   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1509   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1510     julong reasonable_max = (julong)(((double)phys_mem * MaxRAMPercentage) / 100);
1511     const julong reasonable_min = (julong)(((double)phys_mem * MinRAMPercentage) / 100);
1512     if (reasonable_min < MaxHeapSize) {
1513       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1514       reasonable_max = reasonable_min;
1515     } else {
1516       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1517       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1518       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1519     }
1520 
1521     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1522       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1523       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1524     }
1525 
1526     reasonable_max = limit_heap_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
1527 
1528     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1529       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1530       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1531       // after call to limit_heap_by_allocatable_memory because that
1532       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1533       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1534     } else if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapSize)) {
1535       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MinHeapSize);
1536     }
1537 
1538 #ifdef _LP64
1539     if (UseCompressedOops || UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1540       // HeapBaseMinAddress can be greater than default but not less than.
1541       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress)) {
1542         if (HeapBaseMinAddress < DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress) {
1543           // matches compressed oops printing flags
1544           log_debug(gc, heap, coops)("HeapBaseMinAddress must be at least %zu"
1545                                      " (%zuG) which is greater than value given %zu",
1546                                      DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress,
1547                                      DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress/G,
1548                                      HeapBaseMinAddress);
1549           FLAG_SET_ERGO(HeapBaseMinAddress, DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress);
1550         }
1551       }
1552     }
1553     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1554       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1555       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1556 
1557       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1558         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1559         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1560         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1561       }
1562 
1563       // If user specified flags prioritizing os physical
1564       // memory limits, then disable compressed oops if
1565       // limits exceed max_coop_heap and UseCompressedOops
1566       // was not specified.
1567       if (reasonable_max > max_coop_heap) {
1568         if (FLAG_IS_ERGO(UseCompressedOops) && override_coop_limit) {
1569           log_info(cds)("UseCompressedOops and UseCompressedClassPointers have been disabled due to"
1570             " max heap %zu > compressed oop heap %zu. "
1571             "Please check the setting of MaxRAMPercentage %5.2f."
1572             ,(size_t)reasonable_max, (size_t)max_coop_heap, MaxRAMPercentage);
1573           FLAG_SET_ERGO(UseCompressedOops, false);
1574         } else {
1575           reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1576         }
1577       }
1578     }
1579 #endif // _LP64
1580 
1581     log_trace(gc, heap)("  Maximum heap size %zu", (size_t) reasonable_max);
1582     FLAG_SET_ERGO(MaxHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_max);
1583   }
1584 
1585   // If the minimum or initial heap_size have not been set or requested to be set
1586   // ergonomically, set them accordingly.
1587   if (InitialHeapSize == 0 || MinHeapSize == 0) {
1588     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1589 
1590     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1591 
1592     reasonable_minimum = limit_heap_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1593 
1594     if (InitialHeapSize == 0) {
1595       julong reasonable_initial = (julong)(((double)phys_mem * InitialRAMPercentage) / 100);
1596       reasonable_initial = limit_heap_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
1597 
1598       reasonable_initial = MAX3(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum, (julong)MinHeapSize);
1599       reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1600 
1601       FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
1602       log_trace(gc, heap)("  Initial heap size %zu", InitialHeapSize);
1603     }
1604     // If the minimum heap size has not been set (via -Xms or -XX:MinHeapSize),
1605     // synchronize with InitialHeapSize to avoid errors with the default value.
1606     if (MinHeapSize == 0) {
1607       FLAG_SET_ERGO(MinHeapSize, MIN2((size_t)reasonable_minimum, InitialHeapSize));
1608       log_trace(gc, heap)("  Minimum heap size %zu", MinHeapSize);
1609     }
1610   }
1611 }
1612 
1613 // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
1614 // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
1615 // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
1616 // amounts of cpu and memory.
1617 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_heap_flags() {
1618   // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
1619   // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
1620   // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
1621   // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
1622   // calculations.
1623   julong initHeapSize;
1624   julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
1625 
1626   if (total_memory < (julong) 256 * M) {
1627     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1628             "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
1629     vm_exit(1);
1630   }
1631 
1632   // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
1633   // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
1634   // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
1635   // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
1636 
1637   initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong) 2,
1638           total_memory - (julong) 160 * M);
1639 
1640   initHeapSize = limit_heap_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
1641 
1642   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1643     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1644       return JNI_EINVAL;
1645     }
1646     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1647       return JNI_EINVAL;
1648     }
1649     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MinHeapSize, initHeapSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1650       return JNI_EINVAL;
1651     }
1652   }
1653   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1654     // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
1655     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NewSize,
1656             ((julong) MaxHeapSize / (julong) 8) * (julong) 3) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1657       return JNI_EINVAL;
1658     }
1659     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxNewSize, NewSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1660       return JNI_EINVAL;
1661     }
1662   }
1663 
1664 #if !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) && !defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
1665   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
1666 #endif
1667 
1668   // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
1669   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ResizeTLAB, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1670     return JNI_EINVAL;
1671   }
1672   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(TLABSize, 256 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1673     return JNI_EINVAL;
1674   }
1675 
1676   // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
1677   // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
1678   // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
1679   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(YoungPLABSize, 256 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) { // Note: this is in words
1680     return JNI_EINVAL;
1681   }
1682 
1683   // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
1684   // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
1685   // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
1686   // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
1687   // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
1688   // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
1689   // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
1690   // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
1691   // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
1692   // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
1693   // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
1694   // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
1695   // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
1696   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(OldPLABSize, 8 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) { // Note: this is in words
1697     return JNI_EINVAL;
1698   }
1699 
1700   // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
1701   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(UseParallelGC, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1702     return JNI_EINVAL;
1703   }
1704 
1705   // Encourage steady state memory management
1706   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ThresholdTolerance, 100) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1707     return JNI_EINVAL;
1708   }
1709 
1710   return JNI_OK;
1711 }
1712 
1713 // This must be called after ergonomics.
1714 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1715   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1716     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1717   }
1718 }
1719 
1720 // Aggressive optimization flags
1721 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1722 #ifdef COMPILER2
1723   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
1724     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1725       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1726     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
1727       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
1728       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1729     }
1730     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
1731       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
1732     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
1733       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
1734       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1735     }
1736   }
1737   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1738     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1739       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1740     }
1741     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1742     char buffer[1024];
1743     jio_snprintf(buffer, 1024, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=%zd", AutoBoxCacheMax);
1744     if (!add_property(buffer)) {
1745       return JNI_ENOMEM;
1746     }
1747   }
1748 #endif
1749 
1750   return JNI_OK;
1751 }
1752 
1753 //===========================================================================================================
1754 
1755 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1756   if (_sun_java_launcher != _default_java_launcher) {
1757     os::free(const_cast<char*>(_sun_java_launcher));
1758   }
1759   _sun_java_launcher = os::strdup_check_oom(launcher);
1760 }
1761 
1762 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1763   assert(_sun_java_launcher != nullptr, "property must have value");
1764   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1765 }
1766 
1767 bool Arguments::sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm() {
1768   return _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm;
1769 }
1770 
1771 //===========================================================================================================
1772 // Parsing of main arguments
1773 
1774 static unsigned int addreads_count = 0;
1775 static unsigned int addexports_count = 0;
1776 static unsigned int addopens_count = 0;
1777 static unsigned int enable_native_access_count = 0;
1778 static bool patch_mod_javabase = false;
1779 
1780 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
1781 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
1782   // This may modify compiler flags. Must be called before CompilerConfig::check_args_consistency()
1783   if (!CDSConfig::check_vm_args_consistency(mode_flag_cmd_line)) {
1784     return false;
1785   }
1786 
1787   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
1788   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
1789   // before returning an error.
1790   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
1791   bool status = true;
1792 
1793   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
1794     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1795                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
1796                 "not %zu\n",
1797                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
1798     status = false;
1799   }
1800 
1801   status = CompilerConfig::check_args_consistency(status);
1802 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1803   if (status && EnableJVMCI) {
1804     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "jdk.internal.vm.ci.enabled", "true",
1805         AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
1806     if (ClassLoader::is_module_observable("jdk.internal.vm.ci")) {
1807       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.internal.vm.ci", _addmods_count++)) {
1808         return false;
1809       }
1810     }
1811   }
1812 #endif
1813 
1814 #if INCLUDE_JFR
1815   if (status && (FlightRecorderOptions || StartFlightRecording)) {
1816     if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.jfr", _addmods_count++)) {
1817       return false;
1818     }
1819   }
1820 #endif
1821 
1822 #ifndef SUPPORT_RESERVED_STACK_AREA
1823   if (StackReservedPages != 0) {
1824     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(StackReservedPages, 0);
1825     warning("Reserved Stack Area not supported on this platform");
1826   }
1827 #endif
1828 
1829 #ifndef _LP64
1830   if (LockingMode == LM_LEGACY) {
1831     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(LockingMode, LM_LIGHTWEIGHT);
1832     // Self-forwarding in bit 3 of the mark-word conflicts
1833     // with 4-byte-aligned stack-locks.
1834     warning("Legacy locking not supported on this platform");
1835   }
1836 #endif
1837 
1838   if (UseObjectMonitorTable && LockingMode != LM_LIGHTWEIGHT) {
1839     // ObjectMonitorTable requires lightweight locking.
1840     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(UseObjectMonitorTable, false);
1841     warning("UseObjectMonitorTable requires LM_LIGHTWEIGHT");
1842   }
1843 
1844 #if !defined(X86) && !defined(AARCH64) && !defined(PPC64) && !defined(RISCV64) && !defined(S390)
1845   if (LockingMode == LM_MONITOR) {
1846     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1847                 "LockingMode == 0 (LM_MONITOR) is not fully implemented on this architecture\n");
1848     return false;
1849   }
1850 #endif
1851   if (VerifyHeavyMonitors && LockingMode != LM_MONITOR) {
1852     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1853                 "-XX:+VerifyHeavyMonitors requires LockingMode == 0 (LM_MONITOR)\n");
1854     return false;
1855   }
1856   return status;
1857 }
1858 
1859 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
1860   const char* option_type) {
1861   if (ignore) return false;
1862 
1863   const char* spacer = " ";
1864   if (option_type == nullptr) {
1865     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
1866   }
1867 
1868   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1869               "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
1870               option->optionString);
1871   return true;
1872 }
1873 
1874 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
1875   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", nullptr
1876 };
1877 
1878 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
1879   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", nullptr
1880 };
1881 
1882 bool Arguments::parse_uint(const char* value,
1883                            uint* uint_arg,
1884                            uint min_size) {
1885   uint n;
1886   if (!parse_integer(value, &n)) {
1887     return false;
1888   }
1889   if (n >= min_size) {
1890     *uint_arg = n;
1891     return true;
1892   } else {
1893     return false;
1894   }
1895 }
1896 
1897 bool Arguments::create_module_property(const char* prop_name, const char* prop_value, PropertyInternal internal) {
1898   assert(is_internal_module_property(prop_name), "unknown module property: '%s'", prop_name);
1899   CDSConfig::check_internal_module_property(prop_name, prop_value);
1900   size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_name) + strlen(prop_value) + 2;
1901   char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
1902   int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s=%s", prop_name, prop_value);
1903   if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
1904     FreeHeap(property);
1905     return false;
1906   }
1907   // These are not strictly writeable properties as they cannot be set via -Dprop=val. But that
1908   // is enforced by checking is_internal_module_property(). We need the property to be writeable so
1909   // that multiple occurrences of the associated flag just causes the existing property value to be
1910   // replaced ("last option wins"). Otherwise we would need to keep track of the flags and only convert
1911   // to a property after we have finished flag processing.
1912   bool added = add_property(property, WriteableProperty, internal);
1913   FreeHeap(property);
1914   return added;
1915 }
1916 
1917 bool Arguments::create_numbered_module_property(const char* prop_base_name, const char* prop_value, unsigned int count) {
1918   assert(is_internal_module_property(prop_base_name), "unknown module property: '%s'", prop_base_name);
1919   CDSConfig::check_internal_module_property(prop_base_name, prop_value);
1920   const unsigned int props_count_limit = 1000;
1921   const int max_digits = 3;
1922   const int extra_symbols_count = 3; // includes '.', '=', '\0'
1923 
1924   // Make sure count is < props_count_limit. Otherwise, memory allocation will be too small.
1925   if (count < props_count_limit) {
1926     size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_base_name) + strlen(prop_value) + max_digits + extra_symbols_count;
1927     char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
1928     int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s.%d=%s", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
1929     if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
1930       FreeHeap(property);
1931       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Failed to create property %s.%d=%s\n", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
1932       return false;
1933     }
1934     bool added = add_property(property, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
1935     FreeHeap(property);
1936     return added;
1937   }
1938 
1939   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Property count limit exceeded: %s, limit=%d\n", prop_base_name, props_count_limit);
1940   return false;
1941 }
1942 
1943 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
1944                                                   julong* long_arg,
1945                                                   julong min_size,
1946                                                   julong max_size) {
1947   if (!parse_integer(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
1948   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size, max_size);
1949 }
1950 
1951 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
1952 
1953 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs *vm_options_args,
1954                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *java_tool_options_args,
1955                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *java_options_args,
1956                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *cmd_line_args) {
1957   // Save default settings for some mode flags
1958   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1959   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
1960   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
1961   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
1962 
1963   // Remember the default value of SharedBaseAddress.
1964   Arguments::_default_SharedBaseAddress = SharedBaseAddress;
1965 
1966   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
1967   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
1968 
1969   // Parse args structure generated from java.base vm options resource
1970   jint result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(vm_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::JIMAGE_RESOURCE);
1971   if (result != JNI_OK) {
1972     return result;
1973   }
1974 
1975   // Parse args structure generated from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment
1976   // variable (if present).
1977   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(java_tool_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::ENVIRON_VAR);
1978   if (result != JNI_OK) {
1979     return result;
1980   }
1981 
1982   // Parse args structure generated from the command line flags.
1983   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(cmd_line_args, JVMFlagOrigin::COMMAND_LINE);
1984   if (result != JNI_OK) {
1985     return result;
1986   }
1987 
1988   // Parse args structure generated from the _JAVA_OPTIONS environment
1989   // variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
1990   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(java_options_args, JVMFlagOrigin::ENVIRON_VAR);
1991   if (result != JNI_OK) {
1992     return result;
1993   }
1994 
1995   // Disable CDS for exploded image
1996   if (!has_jimage()) {
1997     no_shared_spaces("CDS disabled on exploded JDK");
1998   }
1999 
2000   // We need to ensure processor and memory resources have been properly
2001   // configured - which may rely on arguments we just processed - before
2002   // doing the final argument processing. Any argument processing that
2003   // needs to know about processor and memory resources must occur after
2004   // this point.
2005 
2006   os::init_container_support();
2007 
2008   SystemMemoryBarrier::initialize();
2009 
2010   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2011   result = finalize_vm_init_args();
2012   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2013     return result;
2014   }
2015 
2016   return JNI_OK;
2017 }
2018 
2019 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI || INCLUDE_CDS
2020 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
2021 // represents a valid JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
2022 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
2023 // -agentlib
2024 static bool valid_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
2025   char *_name;
2026   const char *_jdwp = "jdwp";
2027   size_t _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
2028 
2029   if (is_path) {
2030     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == nullptr) {
2031       return false;
2032     }
2033 
2034     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
2035     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
2036 
2037     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
2038       return false;
2039     }
2040 
2041     _name += _len_prefix;
2042     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
2043 
2044     if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
2045       _name += _len_jdwp;
2046     }
2047     else {
2048       return false;
2049     }
2050 
2051     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
2052       return false;
2053     }
2054 
2055     return true;
2056   }
2057 
2058   if (strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
2059     return true;
2060   }
2061 
2062   return false;
2063 }
2064 #endif
2065 
2066 int Arguments::process_patch_mod_option(const char* patch_mod_tail) {
2067   // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2068   assert(patch_mod_tail != nullptr, "Unexpected null patch-module value");
2069   // Find the equal sign between the module name and the path specification
2070   const char* module_equal = strchr(patch_mod_tail, '=');
2071   if (module_equal == nullptr) {
2072     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "Missing '=' in --patch-module specification\n");
2073     return JNI_ERR;
2074   } else {
2075     // Pick out the module name
2076     size_t module_len = module_equal - patch_mod_tail;
2077     char* module_name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, module_len+1, mtArguments);
2078     if (module_name != nullptr) {
2079       memcpy(module_name, patch_mod_tail, module_len);
2080       *(module_name + module_len) = '\0';
2081       // The path piece begins one past the module_equal sign
2082       add_patch_mod_prefix(module_name, module_equal + 1, false /* no append */, false /* no cds */);
2083       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, module_name);
2084     } else {
2085       return JNI_ENOMEM;
2086     }
2087   }
2088   return JNI_OK;
2089 }
2090 
2091 // VALUECLASS_STR must match string used in the build
2092 #define VALUECLASS_STR "valueclasses"
2093 #define VALUECLASS_JAR "-" VALUECLASS_STR ".jar"
2094 
2095 // Finalize --patch-module args and --enable-preview related to value class module patches.
2096 // Create all numbered properties passing module patches.
2097 int Arguments::finalize_patch_module() {
2098   // If --enable-preview and EnableValhalla is true, each module may have value classes that
2099   // are to be patched into the module.
2100   // For each <module>-valueclasses.jar in <JAVA_HOME>/lib/valueclasses/
2101   // appends the equivalent of --patch-module <module>=<JAVA_HOME>/lib/valueclasses/<module>-valueclasses.jar
2102   if (enable_preview() && EnableValhalla) {
2103     char * valueclasses_dir = AllocateHeap(JVM_MAXPATHLEN, mtArguments);
2104     const char * fileSep = os::file_separator();
2105 
2106     jio_snprintf(valueclasses_dir, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%s" VALUECLASS_STR "%s",
2107                  Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep, fileSep);
2108     DIR* dir = os::opendir(valueclasses_dir);
2109     if (dir != nullptr) {
2110       char * module_name = AllocateHeap(JVM_MAXPATHLEN, mtArguments);
2111       char * path = AllocateHeap(JVM_MAXPATHLEN, mtArguments);
2112 
2113       for (dirent * entry = os::readdir(dir); entry != nullptr; entry = os::readdir(dir)) {
2114         // Test if file ends-with "-valueclasses.jar"
2115         int len = (int)strlen(entry->d_name) - (sizeof(VALUECLASS_JAR) - 1);
2116         if (len <= 0 || strcmp(&entry->d_name[len], VALUECLASS_JAR) != 0) {
2117           continue;         // too short or not the expected suffix
2118         }
2119 
2120         strcpy(module_name, entry->d_name);
2121         module_name[len] = '\0';     // truncate to just module-name
2122 
2123         jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%s", valueclasses_dir, &entry->d_name);
2124         add_patch_mod_prefix(module_name, path, true /* append */, true /* cds OK*/);
2125         log_info(class)("--enable-preview appending value classes for module %s: %s", module_name, entry->d_name);
2126       }
2127       FreeHeap(module_name);
2128       FreeHeap(path);
2129       os::closedir(dir);
2130     }
2131     FreeHeap(valueclasses_dir);
2132   }
2133 
2134   // Create numbered properties for each module that has been patched either
2135   // by --patch-module or --enable-preview
2136   // Format is "jdk.module.patch.<n>=<module_name>=<path>"
2137   if (_patch_mod_prefix != nullptr) {
2138     char * prop_value = AllocateHeap(JVM_MAXPATHLEN + JVM_MAXPATHLEN + 1, mtArguments);
2139     unsigned int patch_mod_count = 0;
2140 
2141     for (GrowableArrayIterator<ModulePatchPath *> it = _patch_mod_prefix->begin();
2142             it != _patch_mod_prefix->end(); ++it) {
2143       jio_snprintf(prop_value, JVM_MAXPATHLEN + JVM_MAXPATHLEN + 1, "%s=%s",
2144                    (*it)->module_name(), (*it)->path_string());
2145       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.patch", prop_value, patch_mod_count++)) {
2146         FreeHeap(prop_value);
2147         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2148       }
2149     }
2150     FreeHeap(prop_value);
2151   }
2152   return JNI_OK;
2153 }
2154 
2155 // Parse -Xss memory string parameter and convert to ThreadStackSize in K.
2156 jint Arguments::parse_xss(const JavaVMOption* option, const char* tail, intx* out_ThreadStackSize) {
2157   // The min and max sizes match the values in globals.hpp, but scaled
2158   // with K. The values have been chosen so that alignment with page
2159   // size doesn't change the max value, which makes the conversions
2160   // back and forth between Xss value and ThreadStackSize value easier.
2161   // The values have also been chosen to fit inside a 32-bit signed type.
2162   const julong min_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2163   const julong max_ThreadStackSize = 1 * M;
2164 
2165   // Make sure the above values match the range set in globals.hpp
2166   const JVMTypedFlagLimit<intx>* limit = JVMFlagLimit::get_range_at(FLAG_MEMBER_ENUM(ThreadStackSize))->cast<intx>();
2167   assert(min_ThreadStackSize == static_cast<julong>(limit->min()), "must be");
2168   assert(max_ThreadStackSize == static_cast<julong>(limit->max()), "must be");
2169 
2170   const julong min_size = min_ThreadStackSize * K;
2171   const julong max_size = max_ThreadStackSize * K;
2172 
2173   assert(is_aligned(max_size, os::vm_page_size()), "Implementation assumption");
2174 
2175   julong size = 0;
2176   ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &size, min_size, max_size);
2177   if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2178     bool silent = (option == nullptr); // Allow testing to silence error messages
2179     if (!silent) {
2180       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2181                   "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2182       describe_range_error(errcode);
2183     }
2184     return JNI_EINVAL;
2185   }
2186 
2187   // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2188   const julong size_aligned = align_up(size, K);
2189   assert(size <= size_aligned,
2190          "Overflow: " JULONG_FORMAT " " JULONG_FORMAT,
2191          size, size_aligned);
2192 
2193   const julong size_in_K = size_aligned / K;
2194   assert(size_in_K < (julong)max_intx,
2195          "size_in_K doesn't fit in the type of ThreadStackSize: " JULONG_FORMAT,
2196          size_in_K);
2197 
2198   // Check that code expanding ThreadStackSize to a page aligned number of bytes won't overflow.
2199   const julong max_expanded = align_up(size_in_K * K, os::vm_page_size());
2200   assert(max_expanded < max_uintx && max_expanded >= size_in_K,
2201          "Expansion overflowed: " JULONG_FORMAT " " JULONG_FORMAT,
2202          max_expanded, size_in_K);
2203 
2204   *out_ThreadStackSize = (intx)size_in_K;
2205 
2206   return JNI_OK;
2207 }
2208 
2209 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args, JVMFlagOrigin origin) {
2210   // For match_option to return remaining or value part of option string
2211   const char* tail;
2212 
2213   // iterate over arguments
2214   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2215     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2216 
2217     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2218 
2219     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2220         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2221         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2222 
2223         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2224         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2225         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2226         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2227         // string constant object.
2228         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2229     }
2230 
2231     // -verbose:[class/module/gc/jni]
2232     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2233       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2234         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, load));
2235         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, unload));
2236       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":module")) {
2237         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, load));
2238         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, unload));
2239       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2240         if (_legacyGCLogging.lastFlag == 0) {
2241           _legacyGCLogging.lastFlag = 1;
2242         }
2243       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2244         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Debug, true, LOG_TAGS(jni, resolve));
2245       }
2246     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2247     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2248     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2249     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2250       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2251       if (*tail == '\0') {
2252         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2253       } else {
2254         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2255         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2256       }
2257     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2258     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2259       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2260       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2261     // -bootclasspath:
2262     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2263         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2264           "-Xbootclasspath is no longer a supported option.\n");
2265         return JNI_EINVAL;
2266     // -bootclasspath/a:
2267     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2268       Arguments::append_sysclasspath(tail);
2269     // -bootclasspath/p:
2270     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2271         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2272           "-Xbootclasspath/p is no longer a supported option.\n");
2273         return JNI_EINVAL;
2274     // -Xrun
2275     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2276       if (tail != nullptr) {
2277         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2278         size_t len = (pos == nullptr) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2279         char* name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments);
2280         jio_snprintf(name, len + 1, "%s", tail);
2281 
2282         char *options = nullptr;
2283         if(pos != nullptr) {
2284           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2285           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtArguments), pos+1, len2);
2286         }
2287 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2288         if (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0) {
2289           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2290             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2291           return JNI_ERR;
2292         }
2293 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2294         JvmtiAgentList::add_xrun(name, options, false);
2295         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, name);
2296         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, options);
2297       }
2298     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-reads=", &tail)) {
2299       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addreads", tail, addreads_count++)) {
2300         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2301       }
2302     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-exports=", &tail)) {
2303       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addexports", tail, addexports_count++)) {
2304         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2305       }
2306     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-opens=", &tail)) {
2307       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addopens", tail, addopens_count++)) {
2308         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2309       }
2310     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-modules=", &tail)) {
2311       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", tail, _addmods_count++)) {
2312         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2313       }
2314     } else if (match_option(option, "--enable-native-access=", &tail)) {
2315       if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.enable.native.access", tail, enable_native_access_count++)) {
2316         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2317       }
2318     } else if (match_option(option, "--illegal-native-access=", &tail)) {
2319       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.illegal.native.access", tail, InternalProperty)) {
2320         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2321       }
2322     } else if (match_option(option, "--limit-modules=", &tail)) {
2323       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.limitmods", tail, InternalProperty)) {
2324         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2325       }
2326     } else if (match_option(option, "--module-path=", &tail)) {
2327       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2328         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2329       }
2330     } else if (match_option(option, "--upgrade-module-path=", &tail)) {
2331       if (!create_module_property("jdk.module.upgrade.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2332         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2333       }
2334     } else if (match_option(option, "--patch-module=", &tail)) {
2335       // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2336       int res = process_patch_mod_option(tail);
2337       if (res != JNI_OK) {
2338         return res;
2339       }
2340     } else if (match_option(option, "--sun-misc-unsafe-memory-access=", &tail)) {
2341       if (strcmp(tail, "allow") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "warn") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "debug") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "deny") == 0) {
2342         PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "sun.misc.unsafe.memory.access", tail,
2343                                 AddProperty, WriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2344       } else {
2345         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2346                     "Value specified to --sun-misc-unsafe-memory-access not recognized: '%s'\n", tail);
2347         return JNI_ERR;
2348       }
2349     } else if (match_option(option, "--illegal-access=", &tail)) {
2350       char version[256];
2351       JDK_Version::jdk(17).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
2352       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
2353     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2354     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2355           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2356       if(tail != nullptr) {
2357         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2358         char* name;
2359         if (pos == nullptr) {
2360           name = os::strdup_check_oom(tail, mtArguments);
2361         } else {
2362           size_t len = pos - tail;
2363           name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments);
2364           memcpy(name, tail, len);
2365           name[len] = '\0';
2366         }
2367 
2368         char *options = nullptr;
2369         if(pos != nullptr) {
2370           options = os::strdup_check_oom(pos + 1, mtArguments);
2371         }
2372 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2373         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2374           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2375             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2376           return JNI_ERR;
2377         }
2378 #elif INCLUDE_CDS
2379         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2380           _has_jdwp_agent = true;
2381         }
2382 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2383         JvmtiAgentList::add(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2384         os::free(name);
2385         os::free(options);
2386       }
2387     // -javaagent
2388     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2389 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2390       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2391         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2392       return JNI_ERR;
2393 #else
2394       if (tail != nullptr) {
2395         size_t length = strlen(tail) + 1;
2396         char *options = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
2397         jio_snprintf(options, length, "%s", tail);
2398         JvmtiAgentList::add("instrument", options, false);
2399         FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, options);
2400 
2401         // java agents need module java.instrument
2402         if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "java.instrument", _addmods_count++)) {
2403           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2404         }
2405       }
2406 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2407     // --enable_preview
2408     } else if (match_option(option, "--enable-preview")) {
2409       set_enable_preview();
2410       // --enable-preview enables Valhalla, EnableValhalla VM option will eventually be removed before integration
2411       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(EnableValhalla, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2412         return JNI_EINVAL;
2413       }
2414     // -Xnoclassgc
2415     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc")) {
2416       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ClassUnloading, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2417         return JNI_EINVAL;
2418       }
2419     // -Xbatch
2420     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch")) {
2421       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BackgroundCompilation, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2422         return JNI_EINVAL;
2423       }
2424     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2425     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2426       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2427       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2428       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2429         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2430                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2431         describe_range_error(errcode);
2432         return JNI_EINVAL;
2433       }
2434       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxNewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2435         return JNI_EINVAL;
2436       }
2437       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2438         return JNI_EINVAL;
2439       }
2440     // -Xms
2441     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2442       julong size = 0;
2443       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2444       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &size, 0);
2445       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2446         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2447                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2448         describe_range_error(errcode);
2449         return JNI_EINVAL;
2450       }
2451       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MinHeapSize, (size_t)size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2452         return JNI_EINVAL;
2453       }
2454       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(InitialHeapSize, (size_t)size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2455         return JNI_EINVAL;
2456       }
2457     // -Xmx
2458     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2459       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2460       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2461       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2462         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2463                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2464         describe_range_error(errcode);
2465         return JNI_EINVAL;
2466       }
2467       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxHeapSize, (size_t)long_max_heap_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2468         return JNI_EINVAL;
2469       }
2470     // Xmaxf
2471     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2472       char* err;
2473       int maxf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2474       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2475         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2476                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2477                     option->optionString);
2478         return JNI_EINVAL;
2479       } else {
2480         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2481             return JNI_EINVAL;
2482         }
2483       }
2484     // Xminf
2485     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2486       char* err;
2487       int minf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2488       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2489         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2490                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2491                     option->optionString);
2492         return JNI_EINVAL;
2493       } else {
2494         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MinHeapFreeRatio, minf) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2495           return JNI_EINVAL;
2496         }
2497       }
2498     // -Xss
2499     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2500       intx value = 0;
2501       jint err = parse_xss(option, tail, &value);
2502       if (err != JNI_OK) {
2503         return err;
2504       }
2505       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ThreadStackSize, value) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2506         return JNI_EINVAL;
2507       }
2508     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2509                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2510       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2511 
2512       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
2513       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2514         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2515                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2516         return JNI_EINVAL;
2517       }
2518       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2519         return JNI_EINVAL;
2520       }
2521     // -green
2522     } else if (match_option(option, "-green")) {
2523       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2524                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2525           return JNI_EINVAL;
2526     // -native
2527     } else if (match_option(option, "-native")) {
2528           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2529     // -Xrs
2530     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs")) {
2531           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2532       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ReduceSignalUsage, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2533         return JNI_EINVAL;
2534       }
2535       // -Xprof
2536     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof")) {
2537       char version[256];
2538       // Obsolete in JDK 10
2539       JDK_Version::jdk(10).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
2540       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
2541     // -Xinternalversion
2542     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion")) {
2543       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2544                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2545       vm_exit(0);
2546 #ifndef PRODUCT
2547     // -Xprintflags
2548     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags")) {
2549       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, false);
2550       vm_exit(0);
2551 #endif
2552     // -D
2553     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2554       const char* value;
2555       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=", &value) &&
2556             *value!= '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2557         // abort if -Djava.endorsed.dirs is set
2558         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2559           "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=%s is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
2560           "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n", value);
2561         return JNI_EINVAL;
2562       }
2563       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.ext.dirs=", &value) &&
2564             *value != '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2565         // abort if -Djava.ext.dirs is set
2566         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2567           "-Djava.ext.dirs=%s is not supported.  Use -classpath instead.\n", value);
2568         return JNI_EINVAL;
2569       }
2570       // Check for module related properties.  They must be set using the modules
2571       // options. For example: use "--add-modules=java.sql", not
2572       // "-Djdk.module.addmods=java.sql"
2573       if (is_internal_module_property(option->optionString + 2)) {
2574         needs_module_property_warning = true;
2575         continue;
2576       }
2577       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2578         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2579       }
2580       // Out of the box management support
2581       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2582 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2583         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ManagementServer, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2584           return JNI_EINVAL;
2585         }
2586         // management agent in module jdk.management.agent
2587         if (!create_numbered_module_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.management.agent", _addmods_count++)) {
2588           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2589         }
2590 #else
2591         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2592           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2593         return JNI_ERR;
2594 #endif
2595       }
2596     // -Xint
2597     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint")) {
2598           set_mode_flags(_int);
2599           mode_flag_cmd_line = true;
2600     // -Xmixed
2601     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed")) {
2602           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2603           mode_flag_cmd_line = true;
2604     // -Xcomp
2605     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp")) {
2606       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2607           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2608           mode_flag_cmd_line = true;
2609     // -Xshare:dump
2610     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump")) {
2611       CDSConfig::enable_dumping_static_archive();
2612       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2613     // -Xshare:on
2614     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on")) {
2615       UseSharedSpaces = true;
2616       RequireSharedSpaces = true;
2617       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2618     // -Xshare:auto || -XX:ArchiveClassesAtExit=<archive file>
2619     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto")) {
2620       UseSharedSpaces = true;
2621       RequireSharedSpaces = false;
2622       xshare_auto_cmd_line = true;
2623       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2624     // -Xshare:off
2625     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off")) {
2626       UseSharedSpaces = false;
2627       RequireSharedSpaces = false;
2628       CDSConfig::set_old_cds_flags_used();
2629     // -Xverify
2630     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2631       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2632         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationLocal, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2633           return JNI_EINVAL;
2634         }
2635         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2636           return JNI_EINVAL;
2637         }
2638       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2639         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2640           return JNI_EINVAL;
2641         }
2642         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2643           return JNI_EINVAL;
2644         }
2645       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2646         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2647           return JNI_EINVAL;
2648         }
2649         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(BytecodeVerificationRemote, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2650           return JNI_EINVAL;
2651         }
2652         warning("Options -Xverify:none and -noverify were deprecated in JDK 13 and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2653       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2654         return JNI_EINVAL;
2655       }
2656     // -Xdebug
2657     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug")) {
2658       warning("Option -Xdebug was deprecated in JDK 22 and will likely be removed in a future release.");
2659     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2660       // Deprecated flag to redirect GC output to a file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2661       log_warning(gc)("-Xloggc is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc:%s instead.", tail);
2662       _legacyGCLogging.lastFlag = 2;
2663       _legacyGCLogging.file = os::strdup_check_oom(tail);
2664     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xlog", &tail)) {
2665       bool ret = false;
2666       if (strcmp(tail, ":help") == 0) {
2667         fileStream stream(defaultStream::output_stream());
2668         LogConfiguration::print_command_line_help(&stream);
2669         vm_exit(0);
2670       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":disable") == 0) {
2671         LogConfiguration::disable_logging();
2672         ret = true;
2673       } else if (strncmp(tail, ":async", strlen(":async")) == 0) {
2674         const char* async_tail = tail + strlen(":async");
2675         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_async_argument(async_tail);
2676       } else if (*tail == '\0') {
2677         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments();
2678         assert(ret, "-Xlog without arguments should never fail to parse");
2679       } else if (*tail == ':') {
2680         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments(tail + 1);
2681       }
2682       if (ret == false) {
2683         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2684                     "Invalid -Xlog option '-Xlog%s', see error log for details.\n",
2685                     tail);
2686         return JNI_EINVAL;
2687       }
2688     // JNI hooks
2689     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2690       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2691 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2692         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2693 #else
2694         CheckJNICalls = true;
2695 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2696       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2697                                      "check")) {
2698         return JNI_EINVAL;
2699       }
2700     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf")) {
2701       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2702     } else if (match_option(option, "exit")) {
2703       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2704     } else if (match_option(option, "abort")) {
2705       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2706     // Need to keep consistency of MaxTenuringThreshold and AlwaysTenure/NeverTenure;
2707     // and the last option wins.
2708     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure")) {
2709       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2710         return JNI_EINVAL;
2711       }
2712       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2713         return JNI_EINVAL;
2714       }
2715       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxTenuringThreshold, markWord::max_age + 1) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2716         return JNI_EINVAL;
2717       }
2718     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure")) {
2719       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2720         return JNI_EINVAL;
2721       }
2722       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2723         return JNI_EINVAL;
2724       }
2725       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxTenuringThreshold, 0) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2726         return JNI_EINVAL;
2727       }
2728     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=", &tail)) {
2729       uint max_tenuring_thresh = 0;
2730       if (!parse_uint(tail, &max_tenuring_thresh, 0)) {
2731         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2732                     "Improperly specified VM option \'MaxTenuringThreshold=%s\'\n", tail);
2733         return JNI_EINVAL;
2734       }
2735 
2736       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(MaxTenuringThreshold, max_tenuring_thresh) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2737         return JNI_EINVAL;
2738       }
2739 
2740       if (MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
2741         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2742           return JNI_EINVAL;
2743         }
2744         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2745           return JNI_EINVAL;
2746         }
2747       } else {
2748         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2749           return JNI_EINVAL;
2750         }
2751         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(AlwaysTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2752           return JNI_EINVAL;
2753         }
2754       }
2755     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr")) {
2756       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2757         return JNI_EINVAL;
2758       }
2759       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2760         return JNI_EINVAL;
2761       }
2762     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout")) {
2763       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2764         return JNI_EINVAL;
2765       }
2766       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2767         return JNI_EINVAL;
2768       }
2769     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ErrorFileToStderr")) {
2770       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStdout, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2771         return JNI_EINVAL;
2772       }
2773       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStderr, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2774         return JNI_EINVAL;
2775       }
2776     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ErrorFileToStdout")) {
2777       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStderr, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2778         return JNI_EINVAL;
2779       }
2780       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(ErrorFileToStdout, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2781         return JNI_EINVAL;
2782       }
2783     } else if (match_option(option, "--finalization=", &tail)) {
2784       if (strcmp(tail, "enabled") == 0) {
2785         InstanceKlass::set_finalization_enabled(true);
2786       } else if (strcmp(tail, "disabled") == 0) {
2787         InstanceKlass::set_finalization_enabled(false);
2788       } else {
2789         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2790                     "Invalid finalization value '%s', must be 'disabled' or 'enabled'.\n",
2791                     tail);
2792         return JNI_EINVAL;
2793       }
2794 #if !defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2795     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DTraceMethodProbes")) {
2796       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2797                   "DTraceMethodProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2798       return JNI_EINVAL;
2799     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DTraceAllocProbes")) {
2800       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2801                   "DTraceAllocProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2802       return JNI_EINVAL;
2803     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DTraceMonitorProbes")) {
2804       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2805                   "DTraceMonitorProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2806       return JNI_EINVAL;
2807 #endif // !defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2808 #ifdef ASSERT
2809     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot")) {
2810       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(FullGCALot, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2811         return JNI_EINVAL;
2812       }
2813 #endif
2814 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2815     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer")) {
2816         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2817           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
2818         return JNI_ERR;
2819 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2820 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
2821     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-EnableJVMCIProduct") || match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGraalJIT")) {
2822       if (EnableJVMCIProduct) {
2823         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2824                   "-XX:-EnableJVMCIProduct or -XX:-UseGraalJIT cannot come after -XX:+EnableJVMCIProduct or -XX:+UseGraalJIT\n");
2825         return JNI_EINVAL;
2826       }
2827     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+EnableJVMCIProduct") || match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGraalJIT")) {
2828       bool use_graal_jit = match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGraalJIT");
2829       if (use_graal_jit) {
2830         const char* jvmci_compiler = get_property("jvmci.Compiler");
2831         if (jvmci_compiler != nullptr) {
2832           if (strncmp(jvmci_compiler, "graal", strlen("graal")) != 0) {
2833             jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2834               "Value of jvmci.Compiler incompatible with +UseGraalJIT: %s\n", jvmci_compiler);
2835             return JNI_ERR;
2836           }
2837         } else if (!add_property("jvmci.Compiler=graal")) {
2838             return JNI_ENOMEM;
2839         }
2840       }
2841 
2842       // Just continue, since "-XX:+EnableJVMCIProduct" or "-XX:+UseGraalJIT" has been specified before
2843       if (EnableJVMCIProduct) {
2844         continue;
2845       }
2846       JVMFlag *jvmciFlag = JVMFlag::find_flag("EnableJVMCIProduct");
2847       // Allow this flag if it has been unlocked.
2848       if (jvmciFlag != nullptr && jvmciFlag->is_unlocked()) {
2849         if (!JVMCIGlobals::enable_jvmci_product_mode(origin, use_graal_jit)) {
2850           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2851             "Unable to enable JVMCI in product mode\n");
2852           return JNI_ERR;
2853         }
2854       }
2855       // The flag was locked so process normally to report that error
2856       else if (!process_argument(use_graal_jit ? "UseGraalJIT" : "EnableJVMCIProduct", args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2857         return JNI_EINVAL;
2858       }
2859 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
2860 #if INCLUDE_JFR
2861     } else if (match_jfr_option(&option)) {
2862       return JNI_EINVAL;
2863 #endif
2864     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
2865       // Skip -XX:Flags= and -XX:VMOptionsFile= since those cases have
2866       // already been handled
2867       if ((strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) &&
2868           (strncmp(tail, "VMOptionsFile=", strlen("VMOptionsFile=")) != 0)) {
2869         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2870           return JNI_EINVAL;
2871         }
2872       }
2873     // Unknown option
2874     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
2875       return JNI_ERR;
2876     }
2877   }
2878 
2879   // PrintSharedArchiveAndExit will turn on
2880   //   -Xshare:on
2881   //   -Xlog:class+path=info
2882   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
2883     UseSharedSpaces = true;
2884     RequireSharedSpaces = true;
2885     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, path));
2886   }
2887 
2888   fix_appclasspath();
2889 
2890   return JNI_OK;
2891 }
2892 
2893 void Arguments::add_patch_mod_prefix(const char* module_name, const char* path, bool allow_append, bool allow_cds) {
2894   if (!allow_cds) {
2895     CDSConfig::set_module_patching_disables_cds();
2896     if (strcmp(module_name, JAVA_BASE_NAME) == 0) {
2897       CDSConfig::set_java_base_module_patching_disables_cds();
2898     }
2899   }
2900 
2901   // Create GrowableArray lazily, only if --patch-module has been specified
2902   if (_patch_mod_prefix == nullptr) {
2903     _patch_mod_prefix = new (mtArguments) GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*>(10, mtArguments);
2904   }
2905 
2906   // Scan patches for matching module
2907   int i = _patch_mod_prefix->find_if([&](ModulePatchPath* patch) {
2908     return (strcmp(module_name, patch->module_name()) == 0);
2909   });
2910   if (i == -1) {
2911     _patch_mod_prefix->push(new ModulePatchPath(module_name, path));
2912   } else {
2913     if (allow_append) {
2914       // append path to existing module entry
2915       _patch_mod_prefix->at(i)->append_path(path);
2916     } else {
2917       if (strcmp(module_name, JAVA_BASE_NAME) == 0) {
2918         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot specify " JAVA_BASE_NAME " more than once to --patch-module");
2919       } else {
2920         vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot specify a module more than once to --patch-module", module_name);
2921       }
2922     }
2923   }
2924 }
2925 
2926 // Remove all empty paths from the app classpath (if IgnoreEmptyClassPaths is enabled)
2927 //
2928 // This is necessary because some apps like to specify classpath like -cp foo.jar:${XYZ}:bar.jar
2929 // in their start-up scripts. If XYZ is empty, the classpath will look like "-cp foo.jar::bar.jar".
2930 // Java treats such empty paths as if the user specified "-cp foo.jar:.:bar.jar". I.e., an empty
2931 // path is treated as the current directory.
2932 //
2933 // This causes problems with CDS, which requires that all directories specified in the classpath
2934 // must be empty. In most cases, applications do NOT want to load classes from the current
2935 // directory anyway. Adding -XX:+IgnoreEmptyClassPaths will make these applications' start-up
2936 // scripts compatible with CDS.
2937 void Arguments::fix_appclasspath() {
2938   if (IgnoreEmptyClassPaths) {
2939     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
2940     const char* src = _java_class_path->value();
2941 
2942     // skip over all the leading empty paths
2943     while (*src == separator) {
2944       src ++;
2945     }
2946 
2947     char* copy = os::strdup_check_oom(src, mtArguments);
2948 
2949     // trim all trailing empty paths
2950     for (char* tail = copy + strlen(copy) - 1; tail >= copy && *tail == separator; tail--) {
2951       *tail = '\0';
2952     }
2953 
2954     char from[3] = {separator, separator, '\0'};
2955     char to  [2] = {separator, '\0'};
2956     while (StringUtils::replace_no_expand(copy, from, to) > 0) {
2957       // Keep replacing "::" -> ":" until we have no more "::" (non-windows)
2958       // Keep replacing ";;" -> ";" until we have no more ";;" (windows)
2959     }
2960 
2961     _java_class_path->set_writeable_value(copy);
2962     FreeHeap(copy); // a copy was made by set_value, so don't need this anymore
2963   }
2964 }
2965 
2966 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args() {
2967   // check if the default lib/endorsed directory exists; if so, error
2968   char path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
2969   const char* fileSep = os::file_separator();
2970   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sendorsed", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
2971 
2972   DIR* dir = os::opendir(path);
2973   if (dir != nullptr) {
2974     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2975       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/endorsed is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
2976       "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n");
2977     os::closedir(dir);
2978     return JNI_ERR;
2979   }
2980 
2981   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sext", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
2982   dir = os::opendir(path);
2983   if (dir != nullptr) {
2984     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2985       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/ext exists, extensions mechanism no longer supported; "
2986       "Use -classpath instead.\n.");
2987     os::closedir(dir);
2988     return JNI_ERR;
2989   }
2990 
2991   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed
2992   // and the container support has been initialized since AggressiveHeap
2993   // relies on the amount of total memory available.
2994   if (AggressiveHeap) {
2995     jint result = set_aggressive_heap_flags();
2996     if (result != JNI_OK) {
2997       return result;
2998     }
2999   }
3000 
3001   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is same as -Xint: Disable compilation (enable interpreter-only mode),
3002   // but like -Xint, leave compilation thresholds unaffected.
3003   // With tiered compilation disabled, setting CompileThreshold to 0 disables compilation as well.
3004   if ((CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0) || (!TieredCompilation && CompileThreshold == 0)) {
3005     set_mode_flags(_int);
3006   }
3007 
3008 #ifdef ZERO
3009   // Zero always runs in interpreted mode
3010   set_mode_flags(_int);
3011 #endif
3012 
3013   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
3014   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
3015     FLAG_SET_ERGO(InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
3016   }
3017 
3018 #if !COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3019   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
3020   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
3021       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
3022     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
3023     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
3024     // Java heap and the code cache.
3025     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3026   }
3027 
3028   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ProfileInterpreter);
3029 #endif
3030 
3031   // Parse the CompilationMode flag
3032   if (!CompilationModeFlag::initialize()) {
3033     return JNI_ERR;
3034   }
3035 
3036   // finalize --module-patch and related --enable-preview
3037   if (finalize_patch_module() != JNI_OK) {
3038     return JNI_ERR;
3039   }
3040 
3041   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
3042     return JNI_ERR;
3043   }
3044 
3045 #ifndef CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
3046   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ShowRegistersOnAssert);
3047 #endif // CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
3048 
3049   return JNI_OK;
3050 }
3051 
3052 // Helper class for controlling the lifetime of JavaVMInitArgs
3053 // objects.  The contents of the JavaVMInitArgs are guaranteed to be
3054 // deleted on the destruction of the ScopedVMInitArgs object.
3055 class ScopedVMInitArgs : public StackObj {
3056  private:
3057   JavaVMInitArgs _args;
3058   char*          _container_name;
3059   bool           _is_set;
3060   char*          _vm_options_file_arg;
3061 
3062  public:
3063   ScopedVMInitArgs(const char *container_name) {
3064     _args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3065     _args.nOptions = 0;
3066     _args.options = nullptr;
3067     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = false;
3068     _container_name = (char *)container_name;
3069     _is_set = false;
3070     _vm_options_file_arg = nullptr;
3071   }
3072 
3073   // Populates the JavaVMInitArgs object represented by this
3074   // ScopedVMInitArgs object with the arguments in options.  The
3075   // allocated memory is deleted by the destructor.  If this method
3076   // returns anything other than JNI_OK, then this object is in a
3077   // partially constructed state, and should be abandoned.
3078   jint set_args(const GrowableArrayView<JavaVMOption>* options) {
3079     _is_set = true;
3080     JavaVMOption* options_arr = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(
3081         JavaVMOption, options->length(), mtArguments);
3082     if (options_arr == nullptr) {
3083       return JNI_ENOMEM;
3084     }
3085     _args.options = options_arr;
3086 
3087     for (int i = 0; i < options->length(); i++) {
3088       options_arr[i] = options->at(i);
3089       options_arr[i].optionString = os::strdup(options_arr[i].optionString);
3090       if (options_arr[i].optionString == nullptr) {
3091         // Rely on the destructor to do cleanup.
3092         _args.nOptions = i;
3093         return JNI_ENOMEM;
3094       }
3095     }
3096 
3097     _args.nOptions = options->length();
3098     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3099     return JNI_OK;
3100   }
3101 
3102   JavaVMInitArgs* get()             { return &_args; }
3103   char* container_name()            { return _container_name; }
3104   bool  is_set()                    { return _is_set; }
3105   bool  found_vm_options_file_arg() { return _vm_options_file_arg != nullptr; }
3106   char* vm_options_file_arg()       { return _vm_options_file_arg; }
3107 
3108   void set_vm_options_file_arg(const char *vm_options_file_arg) {
3109     if (_vm_options_file_arg != nullptr) {
3110       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
3111     }
3112     _vm_options_file_arg = os::strdup_check_oom(vm_options_file_arg);
3113   }
3114 
3115   ~ScopedVMInitArgs() {
3116     if (_vm_options_file_arg != nullptr) {
3117       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
3118     }
3119     if (_args.options == nullptr) return;
3120     for (int i = 0; i < _args.nOptions; i++) {
3121       os::free(_args.options[i].optionString);
3122     }
3123     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(JavaVMOption, _args.options);
3124   }
3125 
3126   // Insert options into this option list, to replace option at
3127   // vm_options_file_pos (-XX:VMOptionsFile)
3128   jint insert(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3129               const JavaVMInitArgs* args_to_insert,
3130               const int vm_options_file_pos) {
3131     assert(_args.options == nullptr, "shouldn't be set yet");
3132     assert(args_to_insert->nOptions != 0, "there should be args to insert");
3133     assert(vm_options_file_pos != -1, "vm_options_file_pos should be set");
3134 
3135     int length = args->nOptions + args_to_insert->nOptions - 1;
3136     // Construct new option array
3137     GrowableArrayCHeap<JavaVMOption, mtArguments> options(length);
3138     for (int i = 0; i < args->nOptions; i++) {
3139       if (i == vm_options_file_pos) {
3140         // insert the new options starting at the same place as the
3141         // -XX:VMOptionsFile option
3142         for (int j = 0; j < args_to_insert->nOptions; j++) {
3143           options.push(args_to_insert->options[j]);
3144         }
3145       } else {
3146         options.push(args->options[i]);
3147       }
3148     }
3149     // make into options array
3150     return set_args(&options);
3151   }
3152 };
3153 
3154 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3155   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", args);
3156 }
3157 
3158 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3159   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", args);
3160 }
3161 
3162 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name,
3163                                                    ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3164   char *buffer = ::getenv(name);
3165 
3166   // Don't check this environment variable if user has special privileges
3167   // (e.g. unix su command).
3168   if (buffer == nullptr || os::have_special_privileges()) {
3169     return JNI_OK;
3170   }
3171 
3172   if ((buffer = os::strdup(buffer)) == nullptr) {
3173     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3174   }
3175 
3176   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3177               "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
3178 
3179   int retcode = parse_options_buffer(name, buffer, strlen(buffer), vm_args);
3180 
3181   os::free(buffer);
3182   return retcode;
3183 }
3184 
3185 jint Arguments::parse_vm_options_file(const char* file_name, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3186   // read file into buffer
3187   int fd = ::open(file_name, O_RDONLY);
3188   if (fd < 0) {
3189     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3190                 "Could not open options file '%s'\n",
3191                 file_name);
3192     return JNI_ERR;
3193   }
3194 
3195   struct stat stbuf;
3196   int retcode = os::stat(file_name, &stbuf);
3197   if (retcode != 0) {
3198     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3199                 "Could not stat options file '%s'\n",
3200                 file_name);
3201     ::close(fd);
3202     return JNI_ERR;
3203   }
3204 
3205   if (stbuf.st_size == 0) {
3206     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
3207     ::close(fd);
3208     return JNI_OK;
3209   }
3210 
3211   // '+ 1' for null termination even with max bytes
3212   size_t bytes_alloc = stbuf.st_size + 1;
3213 
3214   char *buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, bytes_alloc, mtArguments);
3215   if (nullptr == buf) {
3216     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3217                 "Could not allocate read buffer for options file parse\n");
3218     ::close(fd);
3219     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3220   }
3221 
3222   memset(buf, 0, bytes_alloc);
3223 
3224   // Fill buffer
3225   ssize_t bytes_read = ::read(fd, (void *)buf, (unsigned)bytes_alloc);
3226   ::close(fd);
3227   if (bytes_read < 0) {
3228     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3229     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3230                 "Could not read options file '%s'\n", file_name);
3231     return JNI_ERR;
3232   }
3233 
3234   if (bytes_read == 0) {
3235     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
3236     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3237     return JNI_OK;
3238   }
3239 
3240   retcode = parse_options_buffer(file_name, buf, bytes_read, vm_args);
3241 
3242   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3243   return retcode;
3244 }
3245 
3246 jint Arguments::parse_options_buffer(const char* name, char* buffer, const size_t buf_len, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3247   // Construct option array
3248   GrowableArrayCHeap<JavaVMOption, mtArguments> options(2);
3249 
3250   // some pointers to help with parsing
3251   char *buffer_end = buffer + buf_len;
3252   char *opt_hd = buffer;
3253   char *wrt = buffer;
3254   char *rd = buffer;
3255 
3256   // parse all options
3257   while (rd < buffer_end) {
3258     // skip leading white space from the input string
3259     while (rd < buffer_end && isspace((unsigned char) *rd)) {
3260       rd++;
3261     }
3262 
3263     if (rd >= buffer_end) {
3264       break;
3265     }
3266 
3267     // Remember this is where we found the head of the token.
3268     opt_hd = wrt;
3269 
3270     // Tokens are strings of non white space characters separated
3271     // by one or more white spaces.
3272     while (rd < buffer_end && !isspace((unsigned char) *rd)) {
3273       if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3274         int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3275         rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3276         while (rd < buffer_end && *rd != quote) {
3277                                             // include everything (even spaces)
3278                                             // up until the close quote
3279           *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3280         }
3281 
3282         if (rd < buffer_end) {
3283           rd++;                             // don't copy close quote
3284         } else {
3285                                             // did not see closing quote
3286           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3287                       "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3288           return JNI_ERR;
3289         }
3290       } else {
3291         *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3292       }
3293     }
3294 
3295     // steal a white space character and set it to null
3296     *wrt++ = '\0';
3297     // We now have a complete token
3298 
3299     JavaVMOption option;
3300     option.optionString = opt_hd;
3301     option.extraInfo = nullptr;
3302 
3303     options.append(option);                // Fill in option
3304 
3305     rd++;  // Advance to next character
3306   }
3307 
3308   // Fill out JavaVMInitArgs structure.
3309   return vm_args->set_args(&options);
3310 }
3311 
3312 #ifndef PRODUCT
3313 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
3314 static bool use_vm_log() {
3315   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
3316       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
3317       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
3318       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization ||
3319       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
3320     return true;
3321   }
3322 
3323 #ifdef COMPILER1
3324   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
3325     return true;
3326   }
3327 #endif // COMPILER1
3328 
3329 #ifdef COMPILER2
3330   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
3331     return true;
3332   }
3333 #endif // COMPILER2
3334 
3335   return false;
3336 }
3337 
3338 #endif // PRODUCT
3339 
3340 bool Arguments::args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3341   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3342     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3343     const char* tail;
3344     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
3345       return true;
3346     }
3347   }
3348   return false;
3349 }
3350 
3351 jint Arguments::insert_vm_options_file(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3352                                        const char* vm_options_file,
3353                                        const int vm_options_file_pos,
3354                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_options_file_args,
3355                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
3356   jint code = parse_vm_options_file(vm_options_file, vm_options_file_args);
3357   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3358     return code;
3359   }
3360 
3361   if (vm_options_file_args->get()->nOptions < 1) {
3362     return JNI_OK;
3363   }
3364 
3365   if (args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args->get())) {
3366     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3367                 "A VM options file may not refer to a VM options file. "
3368                 "Specification of '-XX:VMOptionsFile=<file-name>' in the "
3369                 "options file '%s' in options container '%s' is an error.\n",
3370                 vm_options_file_args->vm_options_file_arg(),
3371                 vm_options_file_args->container_name());
3372     return JNI_EINVAL;
3373   }
3374 
3375   return args_out->insert(args, vm_options_file_args->get(),
3376                           vm_options_file_pos);
3377 }
3378 
3379 // Expand -XX:VMOptionsFile found in args_in as needed.
3380 // mod_args and args_out parameters may return values as needed.
3381 jint Arguments::expand_vm_options_as_needed(const JavaVMInitArgs* args_in,
3382                                             ScopedVMInitArgs* mod_args,
3383                                             JavaVMInitArgs** args_out) {
3384   jint code = match_special_option_and_act(args_in, mod_args);
3385   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3386     return code;
3387   }
3388 
3389   if (mod_args->is_set()) {
3390     // args_in contains -XX:VMOptionsFile and mod_args contains the
3391     // original options from args_in along with the options expanded
3392     // from the VMOptionsFile. Return a short-hand to the caller.
3393     *args_out = mod_args->get();
3394   } else {
3395     *args_out = (JavaVMInitArgs *)args_in;  // no changes so use args_in
3396   }
3397   return JNI_OK;
3398 }
3399 
3400 jint Arguments::match_special_option_and_act(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3401                                              ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
3402   // Remaining part of option string
3403   const char* tail;
3404   ScopedVMInitArgs vm_options_file_args(args_out->container_name());
3405 
3406   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3407     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3408     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3409       Arguments::set_jvm_flags_file(tail);
3410       continue;
3411     }
3412     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
3413       if (vm_options_file_args.found_vm_options_file_arg()) {
3414         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3415                     "The option '%s' is already specified in the options "
3416                     "container '%s' so the specification of '%s' in the "
3417                     "same options container is an error.\n",
3418                     vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg(),
3419                     vm_options_file_args.container_name(),
3420                     option->optionString);
3421         return JNI_EINVAL;
3422       }
3423       vm_options_file_args.set_vm_options_file_arg(option->optionString);
3424       // If there's a VMOptionsFile, parse that
3425       jint code = insert_vm_options_file(args, tail, index,
3426                                          &vm_options_file_args, args_out);
3427       if (code != JNI_OK) {
3428         return code;
3429       }
3430       args_out->set_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg());
3431       if (args_out->is_set()) {
3432         // The VMOptions file inserted some options so switch 'args'
3433         // to the new set of options, and continue processing which
3434         // preserves "last option wins" semantics.
3435         args = args_out->get();
3436         // The first option from the VMOptionsFile replaces the
3437         // current option.  So we back track to process the
3438         // replacement option.
3439         index--;
3440       }
3441       continue;
3442     }
3443     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions")) {
3444       PrintVMOptions = true;
3445       continue;
3446     }
3447     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions")) {
3448       PrintVMOptions = false;
3449       continue;
3450     }
3451     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3452       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3453       continue;
3454     }
3455     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3456       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3457       continue;
3458     }
3459     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial")) {
3460       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, false);
3461       vm_exit(0);
3462     }
3463 
3464 #ifndef PRODUCT
3465     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments")) {
3466       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, true);
3467       vm_exit(0);
3468     }
3469 #endif
3470   }
3471   return JNI_OK;
3472 }
3473 
3474 static void print_options(const JavaVMInitArgs *args) {
3475   const char* tail;
3476   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3477     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3478     if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3479       logOption(tail);
3480     }
3481   }
3482 }
3483 
3484 bool Arguments::handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags() {
3485   if (PrintGC) {
3486     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGC is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc instead.");
3487   }
3488   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3489     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGCDetails is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc* instead.");
3490   }
3491 
3492   if (_legacyGCLogging.lastFlag == 2) {
3493     // -Xloggc was used to specify a filename
3494     const char* gc_conf = PrintGCDetails ? "gc*" : "gc";
3495 
3496     LogTarget(Error, logging) target;
3497     LogStream errstream(target);
3498     return LogConfiguration::parse_log_arguments(_legacyGCLogging.file, gc_conf, nullptr, nullptr, &errstream);
3499   } else if (PrintGC || PrintGCDetails || (_legacyGCLogging.lastFlag == 1)) {
3500     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, !PrintGCDetails, LOG_TAGS(gc));
3501   }
3502   return true;
3503 }
3504 
3505 static void apply_debugger_ergo() {
3506 #ifdef ASSERT
3507   if (ReplayCompiles) {
3508     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseDebuggerErgo, true);
3509   }
3510 
3511   if (UseDebuggerErgo) {
3512     // Turn on sub-flags
3513     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseDebuggerErgo1, true);
3514     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseDebuggerErgo2, true);
3515   }
3516 
3517   if (UseDebuggerErgo2) {
3518     // Debugging with limited number of CPUs
3519     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(UseNUMA, false);
3520     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(ConcGCThreads, 1);
3521     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, 1);
3522     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(CICompilerCount, 2);
3523   }
3524 #endif // ASSERT
3525 }
3526 
3527 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3528 
3529 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* initial_cmd_args) {
3530   assert(verify_special_jvm_flags(false), "deprecated and obsolete flag table inconsistent");
3531   JVMFlag::check_all_flag_declarations();
3532 
3533   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3534   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3535   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3536   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3537   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_vm_options_args("");
3538   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
3539   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
3540 
3541   // Pointers to current working set of containers
3542   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_cmd_args;
3543   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_vm_options_args;
3544   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_options_args;
3545   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_tool_options_args;
3546 
3547   // Containers for modified/expanded options
3548   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_cmd_args("cmd_line_args");
3549   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_vm_options_args("vm_options_args");
3550   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
3551   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
3552 
3553 
3554   jint code =
3555       parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_tool_options_args);
3556   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3557     return code;
3558   }
3559 
3560   code = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_options_args);
3561   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3562     return code;
3563   }
3564 
3565   // Parse the options in the /java.base/jdk/internal/vm/options resource, if present
3566   char *vmoptions = ClassLoader::lookup_vm_options();
3567   if (vmoptions != nullptr) {
3568     code = parse_options_buffer("vm options resource", vmoptions, strlen(vmoptions), &initial_vm_options_args);
3569     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, vmoptions);
3570     if (code != JNI_OK) {
3571       return code;
3572     }
3573   }
3574 
3575   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_tool_options_args.get(),
3576                                      &mod_java_tool_options_args,
3577                                      &cur_java_tool_options_args);
3578   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3579     return code;
3580   }
3581 
3582   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_cmd_args,
3583                                      &mod_cmd_args,
3584                                      &cur_cmd_args);
3585   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3586     return code;
3587   }
3588 
3589   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_options_args.get(),
3590                                      &mod_java_options_args,
3591                                      &cur_java_options_args);
3592   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3593     return code;
3594   }
3595 
3596   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_vm_options_args.get(),
3597                                      &mod_vm_options_args,
3598                                      &cur_vm_options_args);
3599   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3600     return code;
3601   }
3602 
3603   const char* flags_file = Arguments::get_jvm_flags_file();
3604   settings_file_specified = (flags_file != nullptr);
3605 
3606   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3607     cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3608     cur_java_tool_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3609     cur_java_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
3610   }
3611 
3612   // Parse specified settings file
3613   if (settings_file_specified) {
3614     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true,
3615                                cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3616       return JNI_EINVAL;
3617     }
3618   } else {
3619 #ifdef ASSERT
3620     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3621     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false,
3622                                cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3623       return JNI_EINVAL;
3624     }
3625 #else
3626     struct stat buf;
3627     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3628       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3629     }
3630 #endif
3631   }
3632 
3633   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3634     print_options(cur_java_tool_options_args);
3635     print_options(cur_cmd_args);
3636     print_options(cur_java_options_args);
3637   }
3638 
3639   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3640   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(cur_vm_options_args,
3641                                    cur_java_tool_options_args,
3642                                    cur_java_options_args,
3643                                    cur_cmd_args);
3644 
3645   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3646     return result;
3647   }
3648 
3649   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3650   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3651   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3652     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3653             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3654             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3655   }
3656 
3657   if (needs_module_property_warning) {
3658     warning("Ignoring system property options whose names match the '-Djdk.module.*'."
3659             " names that are reserved for internal use.");
3660   }
3661 
3662 #if defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) || defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
3663   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages);
3664 #endif
3665 
3666 #if defined(AIX)
3667   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION_NULL(AllocateHeapAt);
3668 #endif
3669 
3670 #ifndef PRODUCT
3671   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3672     TraceBytecodes = true;
3673   }
3674 #endif // PRODUCT
3675 
3676   if (ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3677     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3678       warning("Forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero");
3679     }
3680     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3681   }
3682 
3683   if (!handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags()) {
3684     return JNI_EINVAL;
3685   }
3686 
3687   // Set object alignment values.
3688   set_object_alignment();
3689 
3690 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3691   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_static_archive() || RequireSharedSpaces) {
3692     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3693       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
3694     return JNI_ERR;
3695   }
3696   if (DumpLoadedClassList != nullptr) {
3697     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3698       "DumpLoadedClassList is not supported in this VM\n");
3699     return JNI_ERR;
3700   }
3701   if ((CDSConfig::is_using_archive() && xshare_auto_cmd_line) ||
3702       log_is_enabled(Info, cds)) {
3703     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
3704     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3705     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, true, LOG_TAGS(cds));
3706   }
3707   no_shared_spaces("CDS Disabled");
3708 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3709 
3710   // Verify NMT arguments
3711   const NMT_TrackingLevel lvl = NMTUtil::parse_tracking_level(NativeMemoryTracking);
3712   if (lvl == NMT_unknown) {
3713     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3714                 "Syntax error, expecting -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|summary|detail]\n");
3715     return JNI_ERR;
3716   }
3717   if (PrintNMTStatistics && lvl == NMT_off) {
3718     warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
3719     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintNMTStatistics, false);
3720   }
3721 
3722   bool trace_dependencies = log_is_enabled(Debug, dependencies);
3723   if (trace_dependencies && VerifyDependencies) {
3724     warning("dependency logging results may be inflated by VerifyDependencies");
3725   }
3726 
3727   bool log_class_load_cause = log_is_enabled(Info, class, load, cause, native) ||
3728                               log_is_enabled(Info, class, load, cause);
3729   if (log_class_load_cause && LogClassLoadingCauseFor == nullptr) {
3730     warning("class load cause logging will not produce output without LogClassLoadingCauseFor");
3731   }
3732 
3733   apply_debugger_ergo();
3734 
3735   // The VMThread needs to stop now and then to execute these debug options.
3736   if ((HandshakeALot || SafepointALot) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GuaranteedSafepointInterval)) {
3737     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GuaranteedSafepointInterval, 1000);
3738   }
3739 
3740   if (log_is_enabled(Info, arguments)) {
3741     LogStream st(Log(arguments)::info());
3742     Arguments::print_on(&st);
3743   }
3744 
3745   return JNI_OK;
3746 }
3747 
3748 void Arguments::set_compact_headers_flags() {
3749 #ifdef _LP64
3750   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseCompressedClassPointers) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3751     warning("Compact object headers require compressed class pointers. Disabling compact object headers.");
3752     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompactObjectHeaders, false);
3753   }
3754   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && !UseObjectMonitorTable) {
3755     // If UseCompactObjectHeaders is on the command line, turn on UseObjectMonitorTable.
3756     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseCompactObjectHeaders)) {
3757       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseObjectMonitorTable, true);
3758 
3759       // If UseObjectMonitorTable is on the command line, turn off UseCompactObjectHeaders.
3760     } else if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseObjectMonitorTable)) {
3761       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompactObjectHeaders, false);
3762       // If neither on the command line, the defaults are incompatible, but turn on UseObjectMonitorTable.
3763     } else {
3764       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseObjectMonitorTable, true);
3765     }
3766   }
3767   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && LockingMode != LM_LIGHTWEIGHT) {
3768     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(LockingMode, LM_LIGHTWEIGHT);
3769   }
3770   if (UseCompactObjectHeaders && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3771     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, true);
3772   }
3773 #endif
3774 }
3775 
3776 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
3777   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3778   jint result = set_ergonomics_flags();
3779   if (result != JNI_OK) return result;
3780 
3781   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3782   set_heap_size();
3783 
3784   GCConfig::arguments()->initialize();
3785 
3786   set_compact_headers_flags();
3787 
3788   if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3789     CompressedKlassPointers::pre_initialize();
3790   }
3791 
3792   CDSConfig::initialize();
3793 
3794   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments
3795   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
3796 
3797   if (!StringDedup::ergo_initialize()) {
3798     return JNI_EINVAL;
3799   }
3800 
3801   // Set compiler flags after GC is selected and GC specific
3802   // flags (LoopStripMiningIter) are set.
3803   CompilerConfig::ergo_initialize();
3804 
3805   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3806   set_bytecode_flags();
3807 
3808   // Set flags if aggressive optimization flags are enabled
3809   jint code = set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3810   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3811     return code;
3812   }
3813 
3814   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSecondarySupersTable)) {
3815     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSecondarySupersTable, VM_Version::supports_secondary_supers_table());
3816   } else if (UseSecondarySupersTable && !VM_Version::supports_secondary_supers_table()) {
3817     warning("UseSecondarySupersTable is not supported");
3818     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSecondarySupersTable, false);
3819   }
3820   if (!UseSecondarySupersTable) {
3821     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(StressSecondarySupers, false);
3822     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(VerifySecondarySupers, false);
3823   }
3824 
3825 #ifdef ZERO
3826   // Clear flags not supported on zero.
3827   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3828 #endif // ZERO
3829 
3830   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3831     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3832     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3833   }
3834 
3835   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CompressedClassSpaceSize) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3836     warning("Setting CompressedClassSpaceSize has no effect when compressed class pointers are not used");
3837   }
3838 
3839   // Treat the odd case where local verification is enabled but remote
3840   // verification is not as if both were enabled.
3841   if (BytecodeVerificationLocal && !BytecodeVerificationRemote) {
3842     log_info(verification)("Turning on remote verification because local verification is on");
3843     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
3844   }
3845   if (!EnableValhalla || (is_interpreter_only() && !CDSConfig::is_dumping_archive() && !UseSharedSpaces)) {
3846     // Disable calling convention optimizations if inline types are not supported.
3847     // Also these aren't useful in -Xint. However, don't disable them when dumping or using
3848     // the CDS archive, as the values must match between dumptime and runtime.
3849     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InlineTypePassFieldsAsArgs, false);
3850     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InlineTypeReturnedAsFields, false);
3851   }
3852   if (!UseNonAtomicValueFlattening && !UseNullableValueFlattening && !UseAtomicValueFlattening) {
3853     // Flattening is disabled
3854     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseArrayFlattening, false);
3855     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseFieldFlattening, false);
3856   }
3857 
3858 #ifndef PRODUCT
3859   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
3860     if (use_vm_log()) {
3861       LogVMOutput = true;
3862     }
3863   }
3864 #endif // PRODUCT
3865 
3866   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3867     JVMFlag::printSetFlags(tty);
3868   }
3869 
3870 #if COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3871   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableVectorSupport) && !EnableVectorSupport) {
3872     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableVectorReboxing) && EnableVectorReboxing) {
3873       warning("Disabling EnableVectorReboxing since EnableVectorSupport is turned off.");
3874     }
3875     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EnableVectorReboxing, false);
3876 
3877     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing) && EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing) {
3878       if (!EnableVectorReboxing) {
3879         warning("Disabling EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing since EnableVectorReboxing is turned off.");
3880       } else {
3881         warning("Disabling EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing since EnableVectorSupport is turned off.");
3882       }
3883     }
3884     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EnableVectorAggressiveReboxing, false);
3885 
3886     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseVectorStubs) && UseVectorStubs) {
3887       warning("Disabling UseVectorStubs since EnableVectorSupport is turned off.");
3888     }
3889     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseVectorStubs, false);
3890   }
3891 #endif // COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3892 
3893 #ifdef COMPILER2
3894   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLoopPredicate) && !UseLoopPredicate && UseProfiledLoopPredicate) {
3895     warning("Disabling UseProfiledLoopPredicate since UseLoopPredicate is turned off.");
3896     FLAG_SET_ERGO(UseProfiledLoopPredicate, false);
3897   }
3898 #endif // COMPILER2
3899 
3900   if (log_is_enabled(Info, perf, class, link)) {
3901     if (!UsePerfData) {
3902       warning("Disabling -Xlog:perf+class+link since UsePerfData is turned off.");
3903       LogConfiguration::disable_tags(false, LOG_TAGS(perf, class, link));
3904       assert(!log_is_enabled(Info, perf, class, link), "sanity");
3905     }
3906   }
3907 
3908   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(DiagnoseSyncOnValueBasedClasses)) {
3909     if (DiagnoseSyncOnValueBasedClasses == ObjectSynchronizer::LOG_WARNING && !log_is_enabled(Info, valuebasedclasses)) {
3910       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(valuebasedclasses));
3911     }
3912   }
3913   return JNI_OK;
3914 }
3915 
3916 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3917   if (UseNUMA) {
3918     if (UseParallelGC) {
3919       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3920          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3921       }
3922     }
3923   }
3924   return JNI_OK;
3925 }
3926 
3927 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3928   int count = 0;
3929   while(pl != nullptr) {
3930     count++;
3931     pl = pl->next();
3932   }
3933   return count;
3934 }
3935 
3936 // Return the number of readable properties.
3937 int Arguments::PropertyList_readable_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3938   int count = 0;
3939   while(pl != nullptr) {
3940     if (pl->readable()) {
3941       count++;
3942     }
3943     pl = pl->next();
3944   }
3945   return count;
3946 }
3947 
3948 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3949   assert(key != nullptr, "just checking");
3950   SystemProperty* prop;
3951   for (prop = pl; prop != nullptr; prop = prop->next()) {
3952     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3953   }
3954   return nullptr;
3955 }
3956 
3957 // Return the value of the requested property provided that it is a readable property.
3958 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_readable_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3959   assert(key != nullptr, "just checking");
3960   SystemProperty* prop;
3961   // Return the property value if the keys match and the property is not internal or
3962   // it's the special internal property "jdk.boot.class.path.append".
3963   for (prop = pl; prop != nullptr; prop = prop->next()) {
3964     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) {
3965       if (!prop->internal()) {
3966         return prop->value();
3967       } else if (strcmp(key, "jdk.boot.class.path.append") == 0) {
3968         return prop->value();
3969       } else {
3970         // Property is internal and not jdk.boot.class.path.append so return null.
3971         return nullptr;
3972       }
3973     }
3974   }
3975   return nullptr;
3976 }
3977 
3978 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3979   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3980   if (p == nullptr) {
3981     *plist = new_p;
3982   } else {
3983     while (p->next() != nullptr) {
3984       p = p->next();
3985     }
3986     p->set_next(new_p);
3987   }
3988 }
3989 
3990 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
3991                                  bool writeable, bool internal) {
3992   if (plist == nullptr)
3993     return;
3994 
3995   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, writeable, internal);
3996   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3997 }
3998 
3999 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty *element) {
4000   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, element);
4001 }
4002 
4003 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
4004 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
4005                                         PropertyAppendable append, PropertyWriteable writeable,
4006                                         PropertyInternal internal) {
4007   if (plist == nullptr)
4008     return;
4009 
4010   // If property key exists and is writeable, then update with new value.
4011   // Trying to update a non-writeable property is silently ignored.
4012   SystemProperty* prop;
4013   for (prop = *plist; prop != nullptr; prop = prop->next()) {
4014     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
4015       if (append == AppendProperty) {
4016         prop->append_writeable_value(v);
4017       } else {
4018         prop->set_writeable_value(v);
4019       }
4020       return;
4021     }
4022   }
4023 
4024   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v, writeable == WriteableProperty, internal == InternalProperty);
4025 }
4026 
4027 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
4028 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
4029 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
4030 // Notes:
4031 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
4032 // null terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
4033 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
4034 // expanded one.
4035 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
4036 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
4037                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
4038   const char* p = src;
4039   char* b = buf;
4040   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
4041   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
4042 
4043   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
4044     if (*p == '%') {
4045       switch (*(++p)) {
4046       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
4047         *b++ = *p++;
4048         break;
4049       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
4050         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
4051         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
4052         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
4053         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
4054 
4055         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
4056         // the expanded pid, returns false.
4057         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
4058           return false;
4059         } else {
4060           b += ret;
4061           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
4062           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
4063             // reach the end of the buffer.
4064             return true;
4065           }
4066         }
4067         p++;
4068         break;
4069       }
4070       default :
4071         *b++ = '%';
4072       }
4073     } else {
4074       *b++ = *p++;
4075     }
4076   }
4077   *b = '\0';
4078   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
4079 }