1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2021, Azul Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   5  *
   6  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   7  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   9  *
  10  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14  * accompanied this code).
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19  *
  20  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22  * questions.
  23  *
  24  */
  25 
  26 #include "cds/dynamicArchive.hpp"
  27 #include "ci/ciEnv.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaThreadStatus.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  34 #include "code/scopeDesc.hpp"
  35 #include "compiler/compilerThread.hpp"
  36 #include "compiler/compileTask.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/oopStorage.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/tlab_globals.hpp"
  40 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  41 #include "jvm.h"
  42 #include "jvmtifiles/jvmtiEnv.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  44 #include "logging/logAsyncWriter.hpp"
  45 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/iterator.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/access.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/inlineKlass.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/oopHandle.inline.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/verifyOopClosure.hpp"
  56 #include "prims/jvm_misc.hpp"
  57 #include "prims/jvmtiDeferredUpdates.hpp"
  58 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  59 #include "prims/jvmtiThreadState.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/atomicAccess.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/continuation.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/continuationEntry.inline.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/continuationHelper.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/handshake.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/lockStack.inline.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/orderAccess.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/os.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
  78 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  79 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.inline.hpp"
  80 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  81 #include "runtime/serviceThread.hpp"
  82 #include "runtime/stackFrameStream.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.hpp"
  84 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  85 #include "runtime/threadIdentifier.hpp"
  86 #include "runtime/threadSMR.inline.hpp"
  87 #include "runtime/threadStatisticalInfo.hpp"
  88 #include "runtime/threadWXSetters.inline.hpp"
  89 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/vframe_hp.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/vframeArray.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
  96 #include "services/threadService.hpp"
  97 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  98 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  99 #include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
 100 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 101 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 102 #include "utilities/nativeStackPrinter.hpp"
 103 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/spinYield.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/vmError.hpp"
 106 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 107 #include "jvmci/jvmci.hpp"
 108 #include "jvmci/jvmciEnv.hpp"
 109 #endif
 110 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 111 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
 112 #endif
 113 
 114 // Set by os layer.
 115 size_t      JavaThread::_stack_size_at_create = 0;
 116 
 117 #ifdef DTRACE_ENABLED
 118 
 119 // Only bother with this argument setup if dtrace is available
 120 
 121   #define HOTSPOT_THREAD_PROBE_start HOTSPOT_THREAD_START
 122   #define HOTSPOT_THREAD_PROBE_stop HOTSPOT_THREAD_STOP
 123 
 124   #define DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(probe, javathread)                           \
 125     {                                                                      \
 126       ResourceMark rm(this);                                               \
 127       int len = 0;                                                         \
 128       const char* name = (javathread)->name();                             \
 129       len = strlen(name);                                                  \
 130       HOTSPOT_THREAD_PROBE_##probe(/* probe = start, stop */               \
 131         (char *) name, len,                                                \
 132         java_lang_Thread::thread_id((javathread)->threadObj()),            \
 133         (uintptr_t) (javathread)->osthread()->thread_id(),                 \
 134         java_lang_Thread::is_daemon((javathread)->threadObj()));           \
 135     }
 136 
 137 #else //  ndef DTRACE_ENABLED
 138 
 139   #define DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(probe, javathread)
 140 
 141 #endif // ndef DTRACE_ENABLED
 142 
 143 void JavaThread::smr_delete() {
 144   if (_on_thread_list) {
 145     ThreadsSMRSupport::smr_delete(this);
 146   } else {
 147     delete this;
 148   }
 149 }
 150 
 151 // Initialized by VMThread at vm_global_init
 152 OopStorage* JavaThread::_thread_oop_storage = nullptr;
 153 
 154 OopStorage* JavaThread::thread_oop_storage() {
 155   assert(_thread_oop_storage != nullptr, "not yet initialized");
 156   return _thread_oop_storage;
 157 }
 158 
 159 void JavaThread::set_threadOopHandles(oop p) {
 160   assert(_thread_oop_storage != nullptr, "not yet initialized");
 161   _threadObj   = OopHandle(_thread_oop_storage, p);
 162   _vthread     = OopHandle(_thread_oop_storage, p);
 163   _jvmti_vthread = OopHandle(_thread_oop_storage, p->is_a(vmClasses::BoundVirtualThread_klass()) ? p : nullptr);
 164   _scopedValueCache = OopHandle(_thread_oop_storage, nullptr);
 165 }
 166 
 167 oop JavaThread::threadObj() const {
 168   // Ideally we would verify the current thread is oop_safe when this is called, but as we can
 169   // be called from a signal handler we would have to use Thread::current_or_null_safe(). That
 170   // has overhead and also interacts poorly with GetLastError on Windows due to the use of TLS.
 171   // Instead callers must verify oop safe access.
 172   return _threadObj.resolve();
 173 }
 174 
 175 oop JavaThread::vthread() const {
 176   return _vthread.resolve();
 177 }
 178 
 179 void JavaThread::set_vthread(oop p) {
 180   assert(_thread_oop_storage != nullptr, "not yet initialized");
 181   _vthread.replace(p);
 182 }
 183 
 184 oop JavaThread::jvmti_vthread() const {
 185   return _jvmti_vthread.resolve();
 186 }
 187 
 188 void JavaThread::set_jvmti_vthread(oop p) {
 189   assert(_thread_oop_storage != nullptr, "not yet initialized");
 190   _jvmti_vthread.replace(p);
 191 }
 192 
 193 // If there is a virtual thread mounted then return vthread() oop.
 194 // Otherwise, return threadObj().
 195 oop JavaThread::vthread_or_thread() const {
 196   oop result = vthread();
 197   if (result == nullptr) {
 198     result = threadObj();
 199   }
 200   return result;
 201 }
 202 
 203 oop JavaThread::scopedValueCache() const {
 204   return _scopedValueCache.resolve();
 205 }
 206 
 207 void JavaThread::set_scopedValueCache(oop p) {
 208   if (!_scopedValueCache.is_empty()) { // i.e. if the OopHandle has been allocated
 209     _scopedValueCache.replace(p);
 210   } else {
 211     assert(p == nullptr, "not yet initialized");
 212   }
 213 }
 214 
 215 void JavaThread::clear_scopedValueBindings() {
 216   set_scopedValueCache(nullptr);
 217   oop vthread_oop = vthread();
 218   // vthread may be null here if we get a VM error during startup,
 219   // before the java.lang.Thread instance has been created.
 220   if (vthread_oop != nullptr) {
 221     java_lang_Thread::clear_scopedValueBindings(vthread_oop);
 222   }
 223 }
 224 
 225 void JavaThread::allocate_threadObj(Handle thread_group, const char* thread_name,
 226                                     bool daemon, TRAPS) {
 227   assert(thread_group.not_null(), "thread group should be specified");
 228   assert(threadObj() == nullptr, "should only create Java thread object once");
 229 
 230   InstanceKlass* ik = vmClasses::Thread_klass();
 231   assert(ik->is_initialized(), "must be");
 232   instanceHandle thread_oop = ik->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK);
 233 
 234   // We are called from jni_AttachCurrentThread/jni_AttachCurrentThreadAsDaemon.
 235   // We cannot use JavaCalls::construct_new_instance because the java.lang.Thread
 236   // constructor calls Thread.current(), which must be set here.
 237   java_lang_Thread::set_thread(thread_oop(), this);
 238   set_threadOopHandles(thread_oop());
 239 
 240   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 241   if (thread_name != nullptr) {
 242     Handle name = java_lang_String::create_from_str(thread_name, CHECK);
 243     // Thread gets assigned specified name and null target
 244     JavaCalls::call_special(&result,
 245                             thread_oop,
 246                             ik,
 247                             vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(),
 248                             vmSymbols::threadgroup_string_void_signature(),
 249                             thread_group,
 250                             name,
 251                             CHECK);
 252   } else {
 253     // Thread gets assigned name "Thread-nnn" and null target
 254     // (java.lang.Thread doesn't have a constructor taking only a ThreadGroup argument)
 255     JavaCalls::call_special(&result,
 256                             thread_oop,
 257                             ik,
 258                             vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(),
 259                             vmSymbols::threadgroup_runnable_void_signature(),
 260                             thread_group,
 261                             Handle(),
 262                             CHECK);
 263   }
 264 
 265   os::set_priority(this, NormPriority);
 266 
 267   if (daemon) {
 268     java_lang_Thread::set_daemon(thread_oop());
 269   }
 270 }
 271 
 272 // ======= JavaThread ========
 273 
 274 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 275 
 276 jlong* JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters;
 277 
 278 static bool jvmci_counters_include(JavaThread* thread) {
 279   return !JVMCICountersExcludeCompiler || !thread->is_Compiler_thread();
 280 }
 281 
 282 void JavaThread::collect_counters(jlong* array, int length) {
 283   assert(length == JVMCICounterSize, "wrong value");
 284   for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
 285     array[i] = _jvmci_old_thread_counters[i];
 286   }
 287   for (JavaThread* tp : ThreadsListHandle()) {
 288     if (jvmci_counters_include(tp)) {
 289       for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
 290         array[i] += tp->_jvmci_counters[i];
 291       }
 292     }
 293   }
 294 }
 295 
 296 // Attempt to enlarge the array for per thread counters.
 297 static jlong* resize_counters_array(jlong* old_counters, int current_size, int new_size) {
 298   jlong* new_counters = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(jlong, new_size, mtJVMCI);
 299   if (new_counters == nullptr) {
 300     return nullptr;
 301   }
 302   if (old_counters == nullptr) {
 303     old_counters = new_counters;
 304     memset(old_counters, 0, sizeof(jlong) * new_size);
 305   } else {
 306     for (int i = 0; i < MIN2((int) current_size, new_size); i++) {
 307       new_counters[i] = old_counters[i];
 308     }
 309     if (new_size > current_size) {
 310       memset(new_counters + current_size, 0, sizeof(jlong) * (new_size - current_size));
 311     }
 312     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jlong, old_counters);
 313   }
 314   return new_counters;
 315 }
 316 
 317 // Attempt to enlarge the array for per thread counters.
 318 bool JavaThread::resize_counters(int current_size, int new_size) {
 319   jlong* new_counters = resize_counters_array(_jvmci_counters, current_size, new_size);
 320   if (new_counters == nullptr) {
 321     return false;
 322   } else {
 323     _jvmci_counters = new_counters;
 324     return true;
 325   }
 326 }
 327 
 328 class VM_JVMCIResizeCounters : public VM_Operation {
 329  private:
 330   int _new_size;
 331   bool _failed;
 332 
 333  public:
 334   VM_JVMCIResizeCounters(int new_size) : _new_size(new_size), _failed(false) { }
 335   VMOp_Type type()                  const        { return VMOp_JVMCIResizeCounters; }
 336   bool allow_nested_vm_operations() const        { return true; }
 337   void doit() {
 338     // Resize the old thread counters array
 339     jlong* new_counters = resize_counters_array(JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters, JVMCICounterSize, _new_size);
 340     if (new_counters == nullptr) {
 341       _failed = true;
 342       return;
 343     } else {
 344       JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters = new_counters;
 345     }
 346 
 347     // Now resize each threads array
 348     for (JavaThread* tp : ThreadsListHandle()) {
 349       if (!tp->resize_counters(JVMCICounterSize, _new_size)) {
 350         _failed = true;
 351         break;
 352       }
 353     }
 354     if (!_failed) {
 355       JVMCICounterSize = _new_size;
 356     }
 357   }
 358 
 359   bool failed() { return _failed; }
 360 };
 361 
 362 bool JavaThread::resize_all_jvmci_counters(int new_size) {
 363   VM_JVMCIResizeCounters op(new_size);
 364   VMThread::execute(&op);
 365   return !op.failed();
 366 }
 367 
 368 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 369 
 370 #ifdef ASSERT
 371 // Checks safepoint allowed and clears unhandled oops at potential safepoints.
 372 void JavaThread::check_possible_safepoint() {
 373   if (_no_safepoint_count > 0) {
 374     print_owned_locks();
 375     assert(false, "Possible safepoint reached by thread that does not allow it");
 376   }
 377 #ifdef CHECK_UNHANDLED_OOPS
 378   // Clear unhandled oops in JavaThreads so we get a crash right away.
 379   clear_unhandled_oops();
 380 #endif // CHECK_UNHANDLED_OOPS
 381 
 382   // Macos/aarch64 should be in the right state for safepoint (e.g.
 383   // deoptimization needs WXWrite).  Crashes caused by the wrong state rarely
 384   // happens in practice, making such issues hard to find and reproduce.
 385 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(AARCH64)
 386   if (AssertWXAtThreadSync) {
 387     assert_wx_state(WXWrite);
 388   }
 389 #endif
 390 }
 391 
 392 void JavaThread::check_for_valid_safepoint_state() {
 393   // Don't complain if running a debugging command.
 394   if (DebuggingContext::is_enabled()) return;
 395 
 396   // Check NoSafepointVerifier, which is implied by locks taken that can be
 397   // shared with the VM thread.  This makes sure that no locks with allow_vm_block
 398   // are held.
 399   check_possible_safepoint();
 400 
 401   if (thread_state() != _thread_in_vm) {
 402     fatal("LEAF method calling lock?");
 403   }
 404 
 405   if (GCALotAtAllSafepoints) {
 406     // We could enter a safepoint here and thus have a gc
 407     InterfaceSupport::check_gc_alot();
 408   }
 409 }
 410 #endif // ASSERT
 411 
 412 // A JavaThread is a normal Java thread
 413 
 414 JavaThread::JavaThread(MemTag mem_tag) :
 415   Thread(mem_tag),
 416   // Initialize fields
 417   _on_thread_list(false),
 418   DEBUG_ONLY(_java_call_counter(0) COMMA)
 419   _entry_point(nullptr),
 420   _deopt_mark(nullptr),
 421   _deopt_nmethod(nullptr),
 422   _vframe_array_head(nullptr),
 423   _vframe_array_last(nullptr),
 424   _jvmti_deferred_updates(nullptr),
 425   _callee_target(nullptr),
 426   _vm_result_oop(nullptr),
 427   _vm_result_metadata(nullptr),
 428 
 429   _current_pending_monitor(nullptr),
 430   _current_pending_monitor_is_from_java(true),
 431   _current_waiting_monitor(nullptr),
 432   _active_handles(nullptr),
 433   _free_handle_block(nullptr),
 434   _monitor_owner_id(0),
 435 
 436   _suspend_flags(0),
 437 
 438   _thread_state(_thread_new),
 439   _saved_exception_pc(nullptr),
 440 #ifdef ASSERT
 441   _no_safepoint_count(0),
 442   _visited_for_critical_count(false),
 443 #endif
 444 
 445   _terminated(_not_terminated),
 446   _in_deopt_handler(0),
 447   _doing_unsafe_access(false),
 448   _throwing_unsafe_access_error(false),
 449   _do_not_unlock_if_synchronized(false),
 450 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
 451   _carrier_thread_suspended(false),
 452   _is_in_VTMS_transition(false),
 453   _is_disable_suspend(false),
 454   _is_in_java_upcall(false),
 455   _VTMS_transition_mark(false),
 456   _on_monitor_waited_event(false),
 457   _contended_entered_monitor(nullptr),
 458 #ifdef ASSERT
 459   _is_VTMS_transition_disabler(false),
 460 #endif
 461 #endif
 462   _jni_attach_state(_not_attaching_via_jni),
 463   _is_in_internal_oome_mark(false),
 464 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 465   _pending_deoptimization(-1),
 466   _pending_monitorenter(false),
 467   _pending_transfer_to_interpreter(false),
 468   _pending_failed_speculation(0),
 469   _jvmci{nullptr},
 470   _libjvmci_runtime(nullptr),
 471   _jvmci_counters(nullptr),
 472   _jvmci_reserved0(0),
 473   _jvmci_reserved1(0),
 474   _jvmci_reserved_oop0(nullptr),
 475   _live_nmethod(nullptr),
 476 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 477 
 478   _exception_oop(oop()),
 479   _exception_pc(nullptr),
 480   _exception_handler_pc(nullptr),
 481 
 482   _jni_active_critical(0),
 483   _pending_jni_exception_check_fn(nullptr),
 484   _depth_first_number(0),
 485 
 486   // JVMTI PopFrame support
 487   _popframe_condition(popframe_inactive),
 488   _frames_to_pop_failed_realloc(0),
 489 
 490   _cont_entry(nullptr),
 491   _cont_fastpath(nullptr),
 492   _cont_fastpath_thread_state(1),
 493   _unlocked_inflated_monitor(nullptr),
 494 
 495   _preempt_alternate_return(nullptr),
 496   _preemption_cancelled(false),
 497   _pending_interrupted_exception(false),
 498   _at_preemptable_init(false),
 499   DEBUG_ONLY(_preempt_init_klass(nullptr) COMMA)
 500   DEBUG_ONLY(_interp_at_preemptable_vmcall_cnt(0) COMMA)
 501   DEBUG_ONLY(_interp_redoing_vm_call(false) COMMA)
 502 
 503   _handshake(this),
 504   _suspend_resume_manager(this, &_handshake._lock),
 505 
 506   _popframe_preserved_args(nullptr),
 507   _popframe_preserved_args_size(0),
 508 
 509   _jvmti_thread_state(nullptr),
 510   _interp_only_mode(0),
 511   _should_post_on_exceptions_flag(JNI_FALSE),
 512   _thread_stat(new ThreadStatistics()),
 513 
 514   _parker(),
 515 
 516   _class_to_be_initialized(nullptr),
 517   _class_being_initialized(nullptr),
 518 
 519   _SleepEvent(ParkEvent::Allocate(this)),
 520 
 521 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 522   _last_freeze_fail_result(freeze_ok),
 523 #endif
 524 
 525   _lock_stack(this),
 526   _om_cache(this) {
 527   set_jni_functions(jni_functions());
 528 
 529 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 530   assert(_jvmci._implicit_exception_pc == nullptr, "must be");
 531   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
 532     resize_counters(0, (int) JVMCICounterSize);
 533   }
 534 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 535 
 536   // Setup safepoint state info for this thread
 537   ThreadSafepointState::create(this);
 538 
 539   SafepointMechanism::initialize_header(this);
 540 
 541   set_requires_cross_modify_fence(false);
 542 
 543   pd_initialize();
 544 }
 545 
 546 JavaThread* JavaThread::create_attaching_thread() {
 547   JavaThread* jt = new JavaThread();
 548   jt->_jni_attach_state = _attaching_via_jni;
 549   return jt;
 550 }
 551 
 552 // interrupt support
 553 
 554 void JavaThread::interrupt() {
 555   // All callers should have 'this' thread protected by a
 556   // ThreadsListHandle so that it cannot terminate and deallocate
 557   // itself.
 558   DEBUG_ONLY(check_for_dangling_thread_pointer(this);)
 559 
 560   // For Windows _interrupt_event
 561   WINDOWS_ONLY(osthread()->set_interrupted(true);)
 562 
 563   // For Thread.sleep
 564   _SleepEvent->unpark();
 565 
 566   // For JSR166 LockSupport.park
 567   parker()->unpark();
 568 
 569   // For ObjectMonitor and JvmtiRawMonitor
 570   _ParkEvent->unpark();
 571 }
 572 
 573 bool JavaThread::is_interrupted(bool clear_interrupted) {
 574   DEBUG_ONLY(check_for_dangling_thread_pointer(this);)
 575 
 576   if (_threadObj.peek() == nullptr) {
 577     // If there is no j.l.Thread then it is impossible to have
 578     // been interrupted. We can find null during VM initialization
 579     // or when a JNI thread is still in the process of attaching.
 580     // In such cases this must be the current thread.
 581     assert(this == Thread::current(), "invariant");
 582     return false;
 583   }
 584 
 585   bool interrupted = java_lang_Thread::interrupted(threadObj());
 586 
 587   // NOTE that since there is no "lock" around the interrupt and
 588   // is_interrupted operations, there is the possibility that the
 589   // interrupted flag will be "false" but that the
 590   // low-level events will be in the signaled state. This is
 591   // intentional. The effect of this is that Object.wait() and
 592   // LockSupport.park() will appear to have a spurious wakeup, which
 593   // is allowed and not harmful, and the possibility is so rare that
 594   // it is not worth the added complexity to add yet another lock.
 595   // For the sleep event an explicit reset is performed on entry
 596   // to JavaThread::sleep, so there is no early return. It has also been
 597   // recommended not to put the interrupted flag into the "event"
 598   // structure because it hides the issue.
 599   // Also, because there is no lock, we must only clear the interrupt
 600   // state if we are going to report that we were interrupted; otherwise
 601   // an interrupt that happens just after we read the field would be lost.
 602   if (interrupted && clear_interrupted) {
 603     assert(this == Thread::current(), "only the current thread can clear");
 604     java_lang_Thread::set_interrupted(threadObj(), false);
 605     WINDOWS_ONLY(osthread()->set_interrupted(false);)
 606   }
 607   return interrupted;
 608 }
 609 
 610 // This is only for use by JVMTI RawMonitorWait. It emulates the actions of
 611 // the Java code in Object::wait which are not present in RawMonitorWait.
 612 bool JavaThread::get_and_clear_interrupted() {
 613   if (!is_interrupted(false)) {
 614     return false;
 615   }
 616   oop thread_oop = vthread_or_thread();
 617   bool is_virtual = java_lang_VirtualThread::is_instance(thread_oop);
 618 
 619   if (!is_virtual) {
 620     return is_interrupted(true);
 621   }
 622   // Virtual thread: clear interrupt status for both virtual and
 623   // carrier threads under the interruptLock protection.
 624   JavaThread* current = JavaThread::current();
 625   HandleMark hm(current);
 626   Handle thread_h(current, thread_oop);
 627   ObjectLocker lock(Handle(current, java_lang_Thread::interrupt_lock(thread_h())), current);
 628 
 629   // re-check the interrupt status under the interruptLock protection
 630   bool interrupted = java_lang_Thread::interrupted(thread_h());
 631 
 632   if (interrupted) {
 633     assert(this == Thread::current(), "only the current thread can clear");
 634     java_lang_Thread::set_interrupted(thread_h(), false);  // clear for virtual
 635     java_lang_Thread::set_interrupted(threadObj(), false); // clear for carrier
 636     WINDOWS_ONLY(osthread()->set_interrupted(false);)
 637   }
 638   return interrupted;
 639 }
 640 
 641 void JavaThread::block_if_vm_exited() {
 642   if (_terminated == _vm_exited) {
 643     // _vm_exited is set at safepoint, and Threads_lock is never released
 644     // so we will block here forever.
 645     // Here we can be doing a jump from a safe state to an unsafe state without
 646     // proper transition, but it happens after the final safepoint has begun so
 647     // this jump won't cause any safepoint problems.
 648     set_thread_state(_thread_in_vm);
 649     Threads_lock->lock();
 650     ShouldNotReachHere();
 651   }
 652 }
 653 
 654 JavaThread::JavaThread(ThreadFunction entry_point, size_t stack_sz, MemTag mem_tag) : JavaThread(mem_tag) {
 655   set_entry_point(entry_point);
 656   // Create the native thread itself.
 657   // %note runtime_23
 658   os::ThreadType thr_type = os::java_thread;
 659   thr_type = entry_point == &CompilerThread::thread_entry ? os::compiler_thread :
 660                                                             os::java_thread;
 661   os::create_thread(this, thr_type, stack_sz);
 662   // The _osthread may be null here because we ran out of memory (too many threads active).
 663   // We need to throw and OutOfMemoryError - however we cannot do this here because the caller
 664   // may hold a lock and all locks must be unlocked before throwing the exception (throwing
 665   // the exception consists of creating the exception object & initializing it, initialization
 666   // will leave the VM via a JavaCall and then all locks must be unlocked).
 667   //
 668   // The thread is still suspended when we reach here. Thread must be explicit started
 669   // by creator! Furthermore, the thread must also explicitly be added to the Threads list
 670   // by calling Threads:add. The reason why this is not done here, is because the thread
 671   // object must be fully initialized (take a look at JVM_Start)
 672 }
 673 
 674 JavaThread::~JavaThread() {
 675 
 676   // Enqueue OopHandles for release by the service thread.
 677   add_oop_handles_for_release();
 678 
 679   // Return the sleep event to the free list
 680   ParkEvent::Release(_SleepEvent);
 681   _SleepEvent = nullptr;
 682 
 683   // Free any remaining  previous UnrollBlock
 684   vframeArray* old_array = vframe_array_last();
 685 
 686   if (old_array != nullptr) {
 687     Deoptimization::UnrollBlock* old_info = old_array->unroll_block();
 688     old_array->set_unroll_block(nullptr);
 689     delete old_info;
 690     delete old_array;
 691   }
 692 
 693   JvmtiDeferredUpdates* updates = deferred_updates();
 694   if (updates != nullptr) {
 695     // This can only happen if thread is destroyed before deoptimization occurs.
 696     assert(updates->count() > 0, "Updates holder not deleted");
 697     // free deferred updates.
 698     delete updates;
 699     set_deferred_updates(nullptr);
 700   }
 701 
 702   // All Java related clean up happens in exit
 703   ThreadSafepointState::destroy(this);
 704   if (_thread_stat != nullptr) delete _thread_stat;
 705 
 706 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 707   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
 708     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jlong, _jvmci_counters);
 709   }
 710 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 711 }
 712 
 713 
 714 // First JavaThread specific code executed by a new Java thread.
 715 void JavaThread::pre_run() {
 716   // empty - see comments in run()
 717 }
 718 
 719 // The main routine called by a new Java thread. This isn't overridden
 720 // by subclasses, instead different subclasses define a different "entry_point"
 721 // which defines the actual logic for that kind of thread.
 722 void JavaThread::run() {
 723   // initialize thread-local alloc buffer related fields
 724   initialize_tlab();
 725 
 726   _stack_overflow_state.create_stack_guard_pages();
 727 
 728   cache_global_variables();
 729 
 730   // Thread is now sufficiently initialized to be handled by the safepoint code as being
 731   // in the VM. Change thread state from _thread_new to _thread_in_vm
 732   assert(this->thread_state() == _thread_new, "wrong thread state");
 733   set_thread_state(_thread_in_vm);
 734 
 735   // Before a thread is on the threads list it is always safe, so after leaving the
 736   // _thread_new we should emit a instruction barrier. The distance to modified code
 737   // from here is probably far enough, but this is consistent and safe.
 738   OrderAccess::cross_modify_fence();
 739 
 740   assert(JavaThread::current() == this, "sanity check");
 741   assert(!Thread::current()->owns_locks(), "sanity check");
 742 
 743   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_thread_start(this);)
 744 
 745   DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(start, this);
 746 
 747   // This operation might block. We call that after all safepoint checks for a new thread has
 748   // been completed.
 749   set_active_handles(JNIHandleBlock::allocate_block());
 750 
 751   if (JvmtiExport::should_post_thread_life()) {
 752     JvmtiExport::post_thread_start(this);
 753 
 754   }
 755 
 756   if (AlwaysPreTouchStacks) {
 757     pretouch_stack();
 758   }
 759 
 760   // We call another function to do the rest so we are sure that the stack addresses used
 761   // from there will be lower than the stack base just computed.
 762   thread_main_inner();
 763 }
 764 
 765 void JavaThread::thread_main_inner() {
 766   assert(JavaThread::current() == this, "sanity check");
 767   assert(_threadObj.peek() != nullptr, "just checking");
 768 
 769   // Execute thread entry point unless this thread has a pending exception.
 770   // Note: Due to JVMTI StopThread we can have pending exceptions already!
 771   if (!this->has_pending_exception()) {
 772     {
 773       ResourceMark rm(this);
 774       this->set_native_thread_name(this->name());
 775     }
 776     HandleMark hm(this);
 777     this->entry_point()(this, this);
 778   }
 779 
 780   DTRACE_THREAD_PROBE(stop, this);
 781 
 782   // Cleanup is handled in post_run()
 783 }
 784 
 785 // Shared teardown for all JavaThreads
 786 void JavaThread::post_run() {
 787   this->exit(false);
 788   this->unregister_thread_stack_with_NMT();
 789   // Defer deletion to here to ensure 'this' is still referenceable in call_run
 790   // for any shared tear-down.
 791   this->smr_delete();
 792 }
 793 
 794 static void ensure_join(JavaThread* thread) {
 795   // We do not need to grab the Threads_lock, since we are operating on ourself.
 796   Handle threadObj(thread, thread->threadObj());
 797   assert(threadObj.not_null(), "java thread object must exist");
 798   ObjectLocker lock(threadObj, thread);
 799   // Thread is exiting. So set thread_status field in  java.lang.Thread class to TERMINATED.
 800   java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(threadObj(), JavaThreadStatus::TERMINATED);
 801   // Clear the native thread instance - this makes isAlive return false and allows the join()
 802   // to complete once we've done the notify_all below. Needs a release() to obey Java Memory Model
 803   // requirements.
 804   assert(java_lang_Thread::thread(threadObj()) == thread, "must be alive");
 805   java_lang_Thread::release_set_thread(threadObj(), nullptr);
 806   lock.notify_all(thread);
 807   // Ignore pending exception, since we are exiting anyway
 808   thread->clear_pending_exception();
 809 }
 810 
 811 static bool is_daemon(oop threadObj) {
 812   return (threadObj != nullptr && java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(threadObj));
 813 }
 814 
 815 // For any new cleanup additions, please check to see if they need to be applied to
 816 // cleanup_failed_attach_current_thread as well.
 817 void JavaThread::exit(bool destroy_vm, ExitType exit_type) {
 818   assert(this == JavaThread::current(), "thread consistency check");
 819   assert(!is_exiting(), "should not be exiting or terminated already");
 820 
 821   elapsedTimer _timer_exit_phase1;
 822   elapsedTimer _timer_exit_phase2;
 823   elapsedTimer _timer_exit_phase3;
 824   elapsedTimer _timer_exit_phase4;
 825 
 826   om_clear_monitor_cache();
 827 
 828   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, os, thread, timer)) {
 829     _timer_exit_phase1.start();
 830   }
 831 
 832   HandleMark hm(this);
 833   Handle uncaught_exception(this, this->pending_exception());
 834   this->clear_pending_exception();
 835   Handle threadObj(this, this->threadObj());
 836   assert(threadObj.not_null(), "Java thread object should be created");
 837 
 838   if (!destroy_vm) {
 839     if (uncaught_exception.not_null()) {
 840       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 841       // Call method Thread.dispatchUncaughtException().
 842       Klass* thread_klass = vmClasses::Thread_klass();
 843       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 844       JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
 845                               threadObj, thread_klass,
 846                               vmSymbols::dispatchUncaughtException_name(),
 847                               vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
 848                               uncaught_exception,
 849                               THREAD);
 850       if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 851         ResourceMark rm(this);
 852         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 853                     "\nException: %s thrown from the UncaughtExceptionHandler"
 854                     " in thread \"%s\"\n",
 855                     pending_exception()->klass()->external_name(),
 856                     name());
 857         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 858       }
 859     }
 860 
 861     if (!is_Compiler_thread()) {
 862       // We have finished executing user-defined Java code and now have to do the
 863       // implementation specific clean-up by calling Thread.exit(). We prevent any
 864       // asynchronous exceptions from being delivered while in Thread.exit()
 865       // to ensure the clean-up is not corrupted.
 866       NoAsyncExceptionDeliveryMark _no_async(this);
 867 
 868       EXCEPTION_MARK;
 869       JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 870       Klass* thread_klass = vmClasses::Thread_klass();
 871       JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
 872                               threadObj, thread_klass,
 873                               vmSymbols::exit_method_name(),
 874                               vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 875                               THREAD);
 876       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 877     }
 878 
 879     // notify JVMTI
 880     if (JvmtiExport::should_post_thread_life()) {
 881       JvmtiExport::post_thread_end(this);
 882     }
 883   } else {
 884     // before_exit() has already posted JVMTI THREAD_END events
 885   }
 886 
 887   // Cleanup any pending async exception now since we cannot access oops after
 888   // BarrierSet::barrier_set()->on_thread_detach() has been executed.
 889   if (has_async_exception_condition()) {
 890     handshake_state()->clean_async_exception_operation();
 891   }
 892 
 893   // The careful dance between thread suspension and exit is handled here.
 894   // Since we are in thread_in_vm state and suspension is done with handshakes,
 895   // we can just put in the exiting state and it will be correctly handled.
 896   // Also, no more async exceptions will be added to the queue after this point.
 897   set_terminated(_thread_exiting);
 898   ThreadService::current_thread_exiting(this, is_daemon(threadObj()));
 899 
 900   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, os, thread, timer)) {
 901     _timer_exit_phase1.stop();
 902     _timer_exit_phase2.start();
 903   }
 904 
 905   // Capture daemon status before the thread is marked as terminated.
 906   bool daemon = is_daemon(threadObj());
 907 
 908   // Notify waiters on thread object. This has to be done after exit() is called
 909   // on the thread (if the thread is the last thread in a daemon ThreadGroup the
 910   // group should have the destroyed bit set before waiters are notified).
 911   ensure_join(this);
 912   assert(!this->has_pending_exception(), "ensure_join should have cleared");
 913 
 914   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, os, thread, timer)) {
 915     _timer_exit_phase2.stop();
 916     _timer_exit_phase3.start();
 917   }
 918   // 6282335 JNI DetachCurrentThread spec states that all Java monitors
 919   // held by this thread must be released. The spec does not distinguish
 920   // between JNI-acquired and regular Java monitors. We can only see
 921   // regular Java monitors here if monitor enter-exit matching is broken.
 922   //
 923   // ensure_join() ignores IllegalThreadStateExceptions, and so does
 924   // ObjectSynchronizer::release_monitors_owned_by_thread().
 925   if (exit_type == jni_detach) {
 926     // Sanity check even though JNI DetachCurrentThread() would have
 927     // returned JNI_ERR if there was a Java frame. JavaThread exit
 928     // should be done executing Java code by the time we get here.
 929     assert(!this->has_last_Java_frame(),
 930            "should not have a Java frame when detaching or exiting");
 931     ObjectSynchronizer::release_monitors_owned_by_thread(this);
 932     assert(!this->has_pending_exception(), "release_monitors should have cleared");
 933   }
 934 
 935   // These things needs to be done while we are still a Java Thread. Make sure that thread
 936   // is in a consistent state, in case GC happens
 937   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_thread_exit(this);)
 938 
 939   if (active_handles() != nullptr) {
 940     JNIHandleBlock* block = active_handles();
 941     set_active_handles(nullptr);
 942     JNIHandleBlock::release_block(block);
 943   }
 944 
 945   if (free_handle_block() != nullptr) {
 946     JNIHandleBlock* block = free_handle_block();
 947     set_free_handle_block(nullptr);
 948     JNIHandleBlock::release_block(block);
 949   }
 950 
 951   // These have to be removed while this is still a valid thread.
 952   _stack_overflow_state.remove_stack_guard_pages();
 953 
 954   if (UseTLAB) {
 955     retire_tlab();
 956   }
 957 
 958   if (JvmtiEnv::environments_might_exist()) {
 959     JvmtiExport::cleanup_thread(this);
 960   }
 961 
 962   // We need to cache the thread name for logging purposes below as once
 963   // we have called on_thread_detach this thread must not access any oops.
 964   char* thread_name = nullptr;
 965   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, os, thread, timer)) {
 966     ResourceMark rm(this);
 967     thread_name = os::strdup(name());
 968   }
 969 
 970   if (log_is_enabled(Info, os, thread)) {
 971     ResourceMark rm(this);
 972     log_info(os, thread)("JavaThread %s (name: \"%s\", tid: %zu).",
 973                          exit_type == JavaThread::normal_exit ? "exiting" : "detaching",
 974                          name(), os::current_thread_id());
 975   }
 976 
 977   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, os, thread, timer)) {
 978     _timer_exit_phase3.stop();
 979     _timer_exit_phase4.start();
 980   }
 981 
 982 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 983   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
 984     if (jvmci_counters_include(this)) {
 985       for (int i = 0; i < JVMCICounterSize; i++) {
 986         _jvmci_old_thread_counters[i] += _jvmci_counters[i];
 987       }
 988     }
 989   }
 990 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 991 
 992   // Remove from list of active threads list, and notify VM thread if we are the last non-daemon thread.
 993   // We call BarrierSet::barrier_set()->on_thread_detach() here so no touching of oops after this point.
 994   Threads::remove(this, daemon);
 995 
 996   if (log_is_enabled(Debug, os, thread, timer)) {
 997     _timer_exit_phase4.stop();
 998     log_debug(os, thread, timer)("name='%s'"
 999                                  ", exit-phase1=" JLONG_FORMAT
1000                                  ", exit-phase2=" JLONG_FORMAT
1001                                  ", exit-phase3=" JLONG_FORMAT
1002                                  ", exit-phase4=" JLONG_FORMAT,
1003                                  thread_name,
1004                                  _timer_exit_phase1.milliseconds(),
1005                                  _timer_exit_phase2.milliseconds(),
1006                                  _timer_exit_phase3.milliseconds(),
1007                                  _timer_exit_phase4.milliseconds());
1008     os::free(thread_name);
1009   }
1010 }
1011 
1012 void JavaThread::cleanup_failed_attach_current_thread(bool is_daemon) {
1013   if (active_handles() != nullptr) {
1014     JNIHandleBlock* block = active_handles();
1015     set_active_handles(nullptr);
1016     JNIHandleBlock::release_block(block);
1017   }
1018 
1019   if (free_handle_block() != nullptr) {
1020     JNIHandleBlock* block = free_handle_block();
1021     set_free_handle_block(nullptr);
1022     JNIHandleBlock::release_block(block);
1023   }
1024 
1025   // These have to be removed while this is still a valid thread.
1026   _stack_overflow_state.remove_stack_guard_pages();
1027 
1028   if (UseTLAB) {
1029     retire_tlab();
1030   }
1031 
1032   Threads::remove(this, is_daemon);
1033 }
1034 
1035 JavaThread* JavaThread::active() {
1036   Thread* thread = Thread::current();
1037   if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
1038     return JavaThread::cast(thread);
1039   } else {
1040     assert(thread->is_VM_thread(), "this must be a vm thread");
1041     VM_Operation* op = ((VMThread*) thread)->vm_operation();
1042     JavaThread *ret = op == nullptr ? nullptr : JavaThread::cast(op->calling_thread());
1043     return ret;
1044   }
1045 }
1046 
1047 oop JavaThread::exception_oop() const {
1048   return AtomicAccess::load(&_exception_oop);
1049 }
1050 
1051 void JavaThread::set_exception_oop(oop o) {
1052   AtomicAccess::store(&_exception_oop, o);
1053 }
1054 
1055 void JavaThread::handle_special_runtime_exit_condition() {
1056   if (is_obj_deopt_suspend()) {
1057     frame_anchor()->make_walkable();
1058     wait_for_object_deoptimization();
1059   }
1060 }
1061 
1062 
1063 // Asynchronous exceptions support
1064 //
1065 void JavaThread::handle_async_exception(oop java_throwable) {
1066   assert(java_throwable != nullptr, "should have an _async_exception to throw");
1067   assert(!is_at_poll_safepoint(), "should have never called this method");
1068 
1069   if (has_last_Java_frame()) {
1070     frame f = last_frame();
1071     if (f.is_runtime_frame()) {
1072       // If the topmost frame is a runtime stub, then we are calling into
1073       // OptoRuntime from compiled code. Some runtime stubs (new, monitor_exit..)
1074       // must deoptimize the caller before continuing, as the compiled exception
1075       // handler table may not be valid.
1076       RegisterMap reg_map(this,
1077                           RegisterMap::UpdateMap::skip,
1078                           RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::include,
1079                           RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
1080       frame compiled_frame = f.sender(&reg_map);
1081       if (!StressCompiledExceptionHandlers && compiled_frame.can_be_deoptimized()) {
1082         Deoptimization::deoptimize(this, compiled_frame);
1083       }
1084     }
1085   }
1086 
1087   // We cannot call Exceptions::_throw(...) here because we cannot block
1088   set_pending_exception(java_throwable, __FILE__, __LINE__);
1089 
1090   clear_scopedValueBindings();
1091 
1092   LogTarget(Info, exceptions) lt;
1093   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1094     ResourceMark rm;
1095     LogStream ls(lt);
1096     ls.print("Async. exception installed at runtime exit (" INTPTR_FORMAT ")", p2i(this));
1097     if (has_last_Java_frame()) {
1098       frame f = last_frame();
1099       ls.print(" (pc: " INTPTR_FORMAT " sp: " INTPTR_FORMAT " )", p2i(f.pc()), p2i(f.sp()));
1100     }
1101     ls.print_cr(" of type: %s", java_throwable->klass()->external_name());
1102   }
1103 }
1104 
1105 void JavaThread::install_async_exception(AsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure* aehc) {
1106   // Do not throw asynchronous exceptions against the compiler thread
1107   // or if the thread is already exiting.
1108   if (!can_call_java() || is_exiting()) {
1109     delete aehc;
1110     return;
1111   }
1112 
1113   oop exception = aehc->exception();
1114   Handshake::execute(aehc, this);  // Install asynchronous handshake
1115 
1116   ResourceMark rm;
1117   if (log_is_enabled(Info, exceptions)) {
1118     log_info(exceptions)("Pending Async. exception installed of type: %s",
1119                          exception->klass()->external_name());
1120   }
1121   // for AbortVMOnException flag
1122   Exceptions::debug_check_abort(exception->klass()->external_name());
1123 
1124   oop vt_oop = vthread();
1125   if (vt_oop == nullptr || !vt_oop->is_a(vmClasses::BaseVirtualThread_klass())) {
1126     // Interrupt thread so it will wake up from a potential wait()/sleep()/park()
1127     this->interrupt();
1128   }
1129 }
1130 
1131 class InstallAsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure : public HandshakeClosure {
1132   AsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure* _aehc;
1133 public:
1134   InstallAsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure(AsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure* aehc) :
1135     HandshakeClosure("InstallAsyncException"), _aehc(aehc) {}
1136   ~InstallAsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure() {
1137     // If InstallAsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure was never executed we need to clean up _aehc.
1138     delete _aehc;
1139   }
1140   void do_thread(Thread* thr) {
1141     JavaThread* target = JavaThread::cast(thr);
1142     target->install_async_exception(_aehc);
1143     _aehc = nullptr;
1144   }
1145 };
1146 
1147 void JavaThread::send_async_exception(JavaThread* target, oop java_throwable) {
1148   OopHandle e(Universe::vm_global(), java_throwable);
1149   InstallAsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure iaeh(new AsyncExceptionHandshakeClosure(e));
1150   Handshake::execute(&iaeh, target);
1151 }
1152 
1153 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
1154 void JavaThread::set_is_in_VTMS_transition(bool val) {
1155   assert(is_in_VTMS_transition() != val, "already %s transition", val ? "inside" : "outside");
1156   _is_in_VTMS_transition = val;
1157 }
1158 
1159 #ifdef ASSERT
1160 void JavaThread::set_is_VTMS_transition_disabler(bool val) {
1161   _is_VTMS_transition_disabler = val;
1162 }
1163 #endif
1164 #endif
1165 
1166 // External suspension mechanism.
1167 //
1168 // Guarantees on return (for a valid target thread):
1169 //   - Target thread will not execute any new bytecode.
1170 //   - Target thread will not enter any new monitors.
1171 //
1172 bool JavaThread::java_suspend(bool register_vthread_SR) {
1173 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
1174   // Suspending a JavaThread in VTMS transition or disabling VTMS transitions can cause deadlocks.
1175   assert(!is_in_VTMS_transition(), "no suspend allowed in VTMS transition");
1176   assert(!is_VTMS_transition_disabler(), "no suspend allowed for VTMS transition disablers");
1177 #endif
1178 
1179   guarantee(Thread::is_JavaThread_protected(/* target */ this),
1180             "target JavaThread is not protected in calling context.");
1181   return this->suspend_resume_manager()->suspend(register_vthread_SR);
1182 }
1183 
1184 bool JavaThread::java_resume(bool register_vthread_SR) {
1185   guarantee(Thread::is_JavaThread_protected_by_TLH(/* target */ this),
1186             "missing ThreadsListHandle in calling context.");
1187   return this->suspend_resume_manager()->resume(register_vthread_SR);
1188 }
1189 
1190 // Wait for another thread to perform object reallocation and relocking on behalf of
1191 // this thread. The current thread is required to change to _thread_blocked in order
1192 // to be seen to be safepoint/handshake safe whilst suspended and only after becoming
1193 // handshake safe, the other thread can complete the handshake used to synchronize
1194 // with this thread and then perform the reallocation and relocking.
1195 // See EscapeBarrier::sync_and_suspend_*()
1196 
1197 void JavaThread::wait_for_object_deoptimization() {
1198   assert(!has_last_Java_frame() || frame_anchor()->walkable(), "should have walkable stack");
1199   assert(this == Thread::current(), "invariant");
1200 
1201   bool spin_wait = os::is_MP();
1202   do {
1203     ThreadBlockInVM tbivm(this, true /* allow_suspend */);
1204     // Wait for object deoptimization if requested.
1205     if (spin_wait) {
1206       // A single deoptimization is typically very short. Microbenchmarks
1207       // showed 5% better performance when spinning.
1208       const uint spin_limit = 10 * SpinYield::default_spin_limit;
1209       SpinYield spin(spin_limit);
1210       for (uint i = 0; is_obj_deopt_suspend() && i < spin_limit; i++) {
1211         spin.wait();
1212       }
1213       // Spin just once
1214       spin_wait = false;
1215     } else {
1216       MonitorLocker ml(this, EscapeBarrier_lock, Monitor::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1217       if (is_obj_deopt_suspend()) {
1218         ml.wait();
1219       }
1220     }
1221     // A handshake for obj. deoptimization suspend could have been processed so
1222     // we must check after processing.
1223   } while (is_obj_deopt_suspend());
1224 }
1225 
1226 #ifdef ASSERT
1227 // Verify the JavaThread has not yet been published in the Threads::list, and
1228 // hence doesn't need protection from concurrent access at this stage.
1229 void JavaThread::verify_not_published() {
1230   // Cannot create a ThreadsListHandle here and check !tlh.includes(this)
1231   // since an unpublished JavaThread doesn't participate in the
1232   // Thread-SMR protocol for keeping a ThreadsList alive.
1233   assert(!on_thread_list(), "JavaThread shouldn't have been published yet!");
1234 }
1235 #endif
1236 
1237 // Slow path when the native==>Java barriers detect a safepoint/handshake is
1238 // pending, when _suspend_flags is non-zero or when we need to process a stack
1239 // watermark. Also check for pending async exceptions (except unsafe access error).
1240 // Note only the native==>Java barriers can call this function when thread state
1241 // is _thread_in_native_trans.
1242 void JavaThread::check_special_condition_for_native_trans(JavaThread *thread) {
1243   assert(thread->thread_state() == _thread_in_native_trans, "wrong state");
1244   assert(!thread->has_last_Java_frame() || thread->frame_anchor()->walkable(), "Unwalkable stack in native->Java transition");
1245 
1246   thread->set_thread_state(_thread_in_vm);
1247 
1248   // Enable WXWrite: called directly from interpreter native wrapper.
1249   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXWrite, thread));
1250 
1251   SafepointMechanism::process_if_requested_with_exit_check(thread, true /* check asyncs */);
1252 
1253   // After returning from native, it could be that the stack frames are not
1254   // yet safe to use. We catch such situations in the subsequent stack watermark
1255   // barrier, which will trap unsafe stack frames.
1256   StackWatermarkSet::before_unwind(thread);
1257 }
1258 
1259 #ifndef PRODUCT
1260 // Deoptimization
1261 // Function for testing deoptimization
1262 void JavaThread::deoptimize() {
1263   StackFrameStream fst(this, false /* update */, true /* process_frames */);
1264   bool deopt = false;           // Dump stack only if a deopt actually happens.
1265   bool only_at = strlen(DeoptimizeOnlyAt) > 0;
1266   // Iterate over all frames in the thread and deoptimize
1267   for (; !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1268     if (fst.current()->can_be_deoptimized()) {
1269 
1270       if (only_at) {
1271         // Deoptimize only at particular bcis.  DeoptimizeOnlyAt
1272         // consists of comma or carriage return separated numbers so
1273         // search for the current bci in that string.
1274         address    pc = fst.current()->pc();
1275         nmethod*   nm = fst.current()->cb()->as_nmethod();
1276         ScopeDesc* sd = nm->scope_desc_at(pc);
1277         char buffer[8];
1278         jio_snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", sd->bci());
1279         size_t len = strlen(buffer);
1280         const char * found = strstr(DeoptimizeOnlyAt, buffer);
1281         while (found != nullptr) {
1282           if ((found[len] == ',' || found[len] == '\n' || found[len] == '\0') &&
1283               (found == DeoptimizeOnlyAt || found[-1] == ',' || found[-1] == '\n')) {
1284             // Check that the bci found is bracketed by terminators.
1285             break;
1286           }
1287           found = strstr(found + 1, buffer);
1288         }
1289         if (!found) {
1290           continue;
1291         }
1292       }
1293 
1294       if (DebugDeoptimization && !deopt) {
1295         deopt = true; // One-time only print before deopt
1296         tty->print_cr("[BEFORE Deoptimization]");
1297         trace_frames();
1298         trace_stack();
1299       }
1300       Deoptimization::deoptimize(this, *fst.current());
1301     }
1302   }
1303 
1304   if (DebugDeoptimization && deopt) {
1305     tty->print_cr("[AFTER Deoptimization]");
1306     trace_frames();
1307   }
1308 }
1309 
1310 
1311 // Make zombies
1312 void JavaThread::make_zombies() {
1313   for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true /* update */, true /* process_frames */); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1314     if (fst.current()->can_be_deoptimized()) {
1315       // it is a Java nmethod
1316       nmethod* nm = CodeCache::find_nmethod(fst.current()->pc());
1317       assert(nm != nullptr, "did not find nmethod");
1318       nm->make_not_entrant(nmethod::InvalidationReason::ZOMBIE);
1319     }
1320   }
1321 }
1322 #endif // PRODUCT
1323 
1324 
1325 void JavaThread::deoptimize_marked_methods() {
1326   if (!has_last_Java_frame()) return;
1327   StackFrameStream fst(this, false /* update */, true /* process_frames */);
1328   for (; !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1329     if (fst.current()->should_be_deoptimized()) {
1330       Deoptimization::deoptimize(this, *fst.current());
1331     }
1332   }
1333 }
1334 
1335 #ifdef ASSERT
1336 void JavaThread::verify_frame_info() {
1337   assert((!has_last_Java_frame() && java_call_counter() == 0) ||
1338          (has_last_Java_frame() && java_call_counter() > 0),
1339          "unexpected frame info: has_last_frame=%s, java_call_counter=%d",
1340          has_last_Java_frame() ? "true" : "false", java_call_counter());
1341 }
1342 #endif
1343 
1344 // Push on a new block of JNI handles.
1345 void JavaThread::push_jni_handle_block() {
1346   // Allocate a new block for JNI handles.
1347   // Inlined code from jni_PushLocalFrame()
1348   JNIHandleBlock* old_handles = active_handles();
1349   JNIHandleBlock* new_handles = JNIHandleBlock::allocate_block(this);
1350   assert(old_handles != nullptr && new_handles != nullptr, "should not be null");
1351   new_handles->set_pop_frame_link(old_handles);  // make sure java handles get gc'd.
1352   set_active_handles(new_handles);
1353 }
1354 
1355 // Pop off the current block of JNI handles.
1356 void JavaThread::pop_jni_handle_block() {
1357   // Release our JNI handle block
1358   JNIHandleBlock* old_handles = active_handles();
1359   JNIHandleBlock* new_handles = old_handles->pop_frame_link();
1360   assert(new_handles != nullptr, "should never set active handles to null");
1361   set_active_handles(new_handles);
1362   old_handles->set_pop_frame_link(nullptr);
1363   JNIHandleBlock::release_block(old_handles, this);
1364 }
1365 
1366 void JavaThread::oops_do_no_frames(OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) {
1367   // Traverse the GCHandles
1368   Thread::oops_do_no_frames(f, cf);
1369 
1370   if (active_handles() != nullptr) {
1371     active_handles()->oops_do(f);
1372   }
1373 
1374   DEBUG_ONLY(verify_frame_info();)
1375 
1376   assert(vframe_array_head() == nullptr, "deopt in progress at a safepoint!");
1377   // If we have deferred set_locals there might be oops waiting to be
1378   // written
1379   GrowableArray<jvmtiDeferredLocalVariableSet*>* list = JvmtiDeferredUpdates::deferred_locals(this);
1380   if (list != nullptr) {
1381     for (int i = 0; i < list->length(); i++) {
1382       list->at(i)->oops_do(f);
1383     }
1384   }
1385 
1386   // Traverse instance variables at the end since the GC may be moving things
1387   // around using this function
1388   f->do_oop((oop*) &_vm_result_oop);
1389   f->do_oop((oop*) &_exception_oop);
1390 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1391   f->do_oop((oop*) &_jvmci_reserved_oop0);
1392 
1393   if (_live_nmethod != nullptr && cf != nullptr) {
1394     cf->do_nmethod(_live_nmethod);
1395   }
1396 #endif
1397 
1398   if (jvmti_thread_state() != nullptr) {
1399     jvmti_thread_state()->oops_do(f, cf);
1400   }
1401 
1402   // The continuation oops are really on the stack. But there is typically at most
1403   // one of those per thread, so we handle them here in the oops_do_no_frames part
1404   // so that we don't have to sprinkle as many stack watermark checks where these
1405   // oops are used. We just need to make sure the thread has started processing.
1406   ContinuationEntry* entry = _cont_entry;
1407   while (entry != nullptr) {
1408     f->do_oop((oop*)entry->cont_addr());
1409     f->do_oop((oop*)entry->chunk_addr());
1410     entry = entry->parent();
1411   }
1412 
1413   // Due to lightweight locking
1414   lock_stack().oops_do(f);
1415 }
1416 
1417 void JavaThread::oops_do_frames(OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) {
1418   if (!has_last_Java_frame()) {
1419     return;
1420   }
1421   // Finish any pending lazy GC activity for the frames
1422   StackWatermarkSet::finish_processing(this, nullptr /* context */, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
1423   // Traverse the execution stack
1424   for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true /* update */, false /* process_frames */); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1425     fst.current()->oops_do(f, cf, fst.register_map());
1426   }
1427 }
1428 
1429 #ifdef ASSERT
1430 void JavaThread::verify_states_for_handshake() {
1431   // This checks that the thread has a correct frame state during a handshake.
1432   verify_frame_info();
1433 }
1434 #endif
1435 
1436 void JavaThread::nmethods_do(NMethodClosure* cf) {
1437   DEBUG_ONLY(verify_frame_info();)
1438   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(ThreadWXEnable wx(WXWrite, Thread::current());)
1439 
1440   if (has_last_Java_frame()) {
1441     // Traverse the execution stack
1442     for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true /* update */, true /* process_frames */); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1443       fst.current()->nmethod_do(cf);
1444     }
1445   }
1446 
1447   if (jvmti_thread_state() != nullptr) {
1448     jvmti_thread_state()->nmethods_do(cf);
1449   }
1450 
1451 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1452   if (_live_nmethod != nullptr) {
1453     cf->do_nmethod(_live_nmethod);
1454   }
1455 #endif
1456 }
1457 
1458 void JavaThread::metadata_do(MetadataClosure* f) {
1459   if (has_last_Java_frame()) {
1460     // Traverse the execution stack to call f() on the methods in the stack
1461     for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true /* update */, true /* process_frames */); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1462       fst.current()->metadata_do(f);
1463     }
1464   } else if (is_Compiler_thread()) {
1465     // need to walk ciMetadata in current compile tasks to keep alive.
1466     CompilerThread* ct = (CompilerThread*)this;
1467     if (ct->env() != nullptr) {
1468       ct->env()->metadata_do(f);
1469     }
1470     CompileTask* task = ct->task();
1471     if (task != nullptr) {
1472       task->metadata_do(f);
1473     }
1474   }
1475 }
1476 
1477 // Printing
1478 static const char* _get_thread_state_name(JavaThreadState _thread_state) {
1479   switch (_thread_state) {
1480   case _thread_uninitialized:     return "_thread_uninitialized";
1481   case _thread_new:               return "_thread_new";
1482   case _thread_new_trans:         return "_thread_new_trans";
1483   case _thread_in_native:         return "_thread_in_native";
1484   case _thread_in_native_trans:   return "_thread_in_native_trans";
1485   case _thread_in_vm:             return "_thread_in_vm";
1486   case _thread_in_vm_trans:       return "_thread_in_vm_trans";
1487   case _thread_in_Java:           return "_thread_in_Java";
1488   case _thread_in_Java_trans:     return "_thread_in_Java_trans";
1489   case _thread_blocked:           return "_thread_blocked";
1490   case _thread_blocked_trans:     return "_thread_blocked_trans";
1491   default:                        return "unknown thread state";
1492   }
1493 }
1494 
1495 void JavaThread::print_thread_state_on(outputStream *st) const {
1496   st->print_cr("   JavaThread state: %s", _get_thread_state_name(_thread_state));
1497 }
1498 
1499 // Called by Threads::print() for VM_PrintThreads operation
1500 void JavaThread::print_on(outputStream *st, bool print_extended_info) const {
1501   st->print_raw("\"");
1502   st->print_raw(name());
1503   st->print_raw("\" ");
1504   oop thread_oop = threadObj();
1505   if (thread_oop != nullptr) {
1506     st->print("#" INT64_FORMAT " [%ld] ", (int64_t)java_lang_Thread::thread_id(thread_oop), (long) osthread()->thread_id());
1507     if (java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(thread_oop))  st->print("daemon ");
1508     st->print("prio=%d ", java_lang_Thread::priority(thread_oop));
1509   }
1510   Thread::print_on(st, print_extended_info);
1511   // print guess for valid stack memory region (assume 4K pages); helps lock debugging
1512   st->print_cr("[" INTPTR_FORMAT "]", (intptr_t)last_Java_sp() & ~right_n_bits(12));
1513   if (thread_oop != nullptr) {
1514     if (is_vthread_mounted()) {
1515       st->print_cr("   Carrying virtual thread #" INT64_FORMAT, java_lang_Thread::thread_id(vthread()));
1516     } else {
1517       st->print_cr("   java.lang.Thread.State: %s", java_lang_Thread::thread_status_name(thread_oop));
1518     }
1519   }
1520 #ifndef PRODUCT
1521   _safepoint_state->print_on(st);
1522 #endif // PRODUCT
1523   if (is_Compiler_thread()) {
1524     CompileTask *task = ((CompilerThread*)this)->task();
1525     if (task != nullptr) {
1526       st->print("   Compiling: ");
1527       task->print(st, nullptr, true, false);
1528     } else {
1529       st->print("   No compile task");
1530     }
1531     st->cr();
1532   }
1533 }
1534 
1535 void JavaThread::print() const { print_on(tty); }
1536 
1537 void JavaThread::print_name_on_error(outputStream* st, char *buf, int buflen) const {
1538   st->print("%s", get_thread_name_string(buf, buflen));
1539 }
1540 
1541 // Called by fatal error handler. The difference between this and
1542 // JavaThread::print() is that we can't grab lock or allocate memory.
1543 void JavaThread::print_on_error(outputStream* st, char *buf, int buflen) const {
1544   st->print("%s \"%s\"", type_name(), get_thread_name_string(buf, buflen));
1545   Thread* current = Thread::current_or_null_safe();
1546   assert(current != nullptr, "cannot be called by a detached thread");
1547   st->fill_to(60);
1548   if (!current->is_Java_thread() || JavaThread::cast(current)->is_oop_safe()) {
1549     // Only access threadObj() if current thread is not a JavaThread
1550     // or if it is a JavaThread that can safely access oops.
1551     oop thread_obj = threadObj();
1552     if (thread_obj != nullptr) {
1553       st->print(java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(thread_obj) ? " daemon" : "       ");
1554     }
1555   }
1556   st->print(" [");
1557   st->print("%s", _get_thread_state_name(_thread_state));
1558   if (osthread()) {
1559     st->print(", id=%d", osthread()->thread_id());
1560   }
1561   // Use raw field members for stack base/size as this could be
1562   // called before a thread has run enough to initialize them.
1563   st->print(", stack(" PTR_FORMAT "," PTR_FORMAT ") (" PROPERFMT ")",
1564             p2i(_stack_base - _stack_size), p2i(_stack_base),
1565             PROPERFMTARGS(_stack_size));
1566   st->print("]");
1567 
1568   ThreadsSMRSupport::print_info_on(this, st);
1569   return;
1570 }
1571 
1572 
1573 // Verification
1574 
1575 void JavaThread::frames_do(void f(frame*, const RegisterMap* map)) {
1576   // ignore if there is no stack
1577   if (!has_last_Java_frame()) return;
1578   // traverse the stack frames. Starts from top frame.
1579   for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true /* update_map */, true /* process_frames */, false /* walk_cont */); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1580     frame* fr = fst.current();
1581     f(fr, fst.register_map());
1582   }
1583 }
1584 
1585 static void frame_verify(frame* f, const RegisterMap *map) { f->verify(map); }
1586 
1587 void JavaThread::verify() {
1588   // Verify oops in the thread.
1589   oops_do(&VerifyOopClosure::verify_oop, nullptr);
1590 
1591   // Verify the stack frames.
1592   frames_do(frame_verify);
1593 }
1594 
1595 // CR 6300358 (sub-CR 2137150)
1596 // Most callers of this method assume that it can't return null but a
1597 // thread may not have a name whilst it is in the process of attaching to
1598 // the VM - see CR 6412693, and there are places where a JavaThread can be
1599 // seen prior to having its threadObj set (e.g., JNI attaching threads and
1600 // if vm exit occurs during initialization). These cases can all be accounted
1601 // for such that this method never returns null.
1602 const char* JavaThread::name() const  {
1603   if (Thread::is_JavaThread_protected(/* target */ this)) {
1604     // The target JavaThread is protected so get_thread_name_string() is safe:
1605     return get_thread_name_string();
1606   }
1607 
1608   // The target JavaThread is not protected so we return the default:
1609   return Thread::name();
1610 }
1611 
1612 // Like name() but doesn't include the protection check. This must only be
1613 // called when it is known to be safe, even though the protection check can't tell
1614 // that e.g. when this thread is the init_thread() - see instanceKlass.cpp.
1615 const char* JavaThread::name_raw() const  {
1616   return get_thread_name_string();
1617 }
1618 
1619 // Returns a non-null representation of this thread's name, or a suitable
1620 // descriptive string if there is no set name.
1621 const char* JavaThread::get_thread_name_string(char* buf, int buflen) const {
1622   const char* name_str;
1623 #ifdef ASSERT
1624   Thread* current = Thread::current_or_null_safe();
1625   assert(current != nullptr, "cannot be called by a detached thread");
1626   if (!current->is_Java_thread() || JavaThread::cast(current)->is_oop_safe()) {
1627     // Only access threadObj() if current thread is not a JavaThread
1628     // or if it is a JavaThread that can safely access oops.
1629 #endif
1630     oop thread_obj = threadObj();
1631     if (thread_obj != nullptr) {
1632       oop name = java_lang_Thread::name(thread_obj);
1633       if (name != nullptr) {
1634         if (buf == nullptr) {
1635           name_str = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(name);
1636         } else {
1637           name_str = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(name, buf, buflen);
1638         }
1639       } else if (is_attaching_via_jni()) { // workaround for 6412693 - see 6404306
1640         name_str = "<no-name - thread is attaching>";
1641       } else {
1642         name_str = "<un-named>";
1643       }
1644     } else {
1645       name_str = Thread::name();
1646     }
1647 #ifdef ASSERT
1648   } else {
1649     // Current JavaThread has exited...
1650     if (current == this) {
1651       // ... and is asking about itself:
1652       name_str = "<no-name - current JavaThread has exited>";
1653     } else {
1654       // ... and it can't safely determine this JavaThread's name so
1655       // use the default thread name.
1656       name_str = Thread::name();
1657     }
1658   }
1659 #endif
1660   assert(name_str != nullptr, "unexpected null thread name");
1661   return name_str;
1662 }
1663 
1664 // Helper to extract the name from the thread oop for logging.
1665 const char* JavaThread::name_for(oop thread_obj) {
1666   assert(thread_obj != nullptr, "precondition");
1667   oop name = java_lang_Thread::name(thread_obj);
1668   const char* name_str;
1669   if (name != nullptr) {
1670     name_str = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(name);
1671   } else {
1672     name_str = "<un-named>";
1673   }
1674   return name_str;
1675 }
1676 
1677 void JavaThread::prepare(jobject jni_thread, ThreadPriority prio) {
1678 
1679   assert(Threads_lock->owner() == Thread::current(), "must have threads lock");
1680   assert(NoPriority <= prio && prio <= MaxPriority, "sanity check");
1681   // Link Java Thread object <-> C++ Thread
1682 
1683   // Get the C++ thread object (an oop) from the JNI handle (a jthread)
1684   // and put it into a new Handle.  The Handle "thread_oop" can then
1685   // be used to pass the C++ thread object to other methods.
1686 
1687   // Set the Java level thread object (jthread) field of the
1688   // new thread (a JavaThread *) to C++ thread object using the
1689   // "thread_oop" handle.
1690 
1691   // Set the thread field (a JavaThread *) of the
1692   // oop representing the java_lang_Thread to the new thread (a JavaThread *).
1693 
1694   Handle thread_oop(Thread::current(),
1695                     JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jni_thread));
1696   assert(InstanceKlass::cast(thread_oop->klass())->is_linked(),
1697          "must be initialized");
1698   set_threadOopHandles(thread_oop());
1699   set_monitor_owner_id(java_lang_Thread::thread_id(thread_oop()));
1700 
1701   if (prio == NoPriority) {
1702     prio = java_lang_Thread::priority(thread_oop());
1703     assert(prio != NoPriority, "A valid priority should be present");
1704   }
1705 
1706   // Push the Java priority down to the native thread; needs Threads_lock
1707   Thread::set_priority(this, prio);
1708 
1709   // Add the new thread to the Threads list and set it in motion.
1710   // We must have threads lock in order to call Threads::add.
1711   // It is crucial that we do not block before the thread is
1712   // added to the Threads list for if a GC happens, then the java_thread oop
1713   // will not be visited by GC.
1714   Threads::add(this);
1715   // Publish the JavaThread* in java.lang.Thread after the JavaThread* is
1716   // on a ThreadsList. We don't want to wait for the release when the
1717   // Theads_lock is dropped somewhere in the caller since the JavaThread*
1718   // is already visible to JVM/TI via the ThreadsList.
1719   java_lang_Thread::release_set_thread(thread_oop(), this);
1720 }
1721 
1722 oop JavaThread::current_park_blocker() {
1723   // Support for JSR-166 locks
1724   oop thread_oop = threadObj();
1725   if (thread_oop != nullptr) {
1726     return java_lang_Thread::park_blocker(thread_oop);
1727   }
1728   return nullptr;
1729 }
1730 
1731 // Print current stack trace for checked JNI warnings and JNI fatal errors.
1732 // This is the external format, selecting the platform or vthread
1733 // as applicable, and allowing for a native-only stack.
1734 void JavaThread::print_jni_stack() {
1735   assert(this == JavaThread::current(), "Can't print stack of other threads");
1736   if (!has_last_Java_frame()) {
1737     ResourceMark rm(this);
1738     char* buf = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, O_BUFLEN);
1739     if (buf == nullptr) {
1740       tty->print_cr("Unable to print native stack - out of memory");
1741       return;
1742     }
1743     NativeStackPrinter nsp(this);
1744     address lastpc = nullptr;
1745     nsp.print_stack(tty, buf, O_BUFLEN, lastpc,
1746                     true /*print_source_info */, -1 /* max stack */ );
1747   } else {
1748     print_active_stack_on(tty);
1749   }
1750 }
1751 
1752 void JavaThread::print_stack_on(outputStream* st) {
1753   if (!has_last_Java_frame()) return;
1754 
1755   Thread* current_thread = Thread::current();
1756   ResourceMark rm(current_thread);
1757   HandleMark hm(current_thread);
1758 
1759   RegisterMap reg_map(this,
1760                       RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
1761                       RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::include,
1762                       RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
1763   vframe* start_vf = platform_thread_last_java_vframe(&reg_map);
1764   int count = 0;
1765   for (vframe* f = start_vf; f != nullptr; f = f->sender()) {
1766     if (f->is_java_frame()) {
1767       javaVFrame* jvf = javaVFrame::cast(f);
1768       java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element(st, jvf->method(), jvf->bci());
1769 
1770       // Print out lock information
1771       if (JavaMonitorsInStackTrace) {
1772         jvf->print_lock_info_on(st, false/*is_virtual*/, count);
1773       }
1774     } else {
1775       // Ignore non-Java frames
1776     }
1777 
1778     // Bail-out case for too deep stacks if MaxJavaStackTraceDepth > 0
1779     count++;
1780     if (MaxJavaStackTraceDepth > 0 && MaxJavaStackTraceDepth == count) return;
1781   }
1782 }
1783 
1784 void JavaThread::print_vthread_stack_on(outputStream* st) {
1785   assert(is_vthread_mounted(), "Caller should have checked this");
1786   assert(has_last_Java_frame(), "must be");
1787 
1788   Thread* current_thread = Thread::current();
1789   ResourceMark rm(current_thread);
1790   HandleMark hm(current_thread);
1791 
1792   RegisterMap reg_map(this,
1793                       RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
1794                       RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::include,
1795                       RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::include);
1796   ContinuationEntry* cont_entry = last_continuation();
1797   vframe* start_vf = last_java_vframe(&reg_map);
1798   int count = 0;
1799   for (vframe* f = start_vf; f != nullptr; f = f->sender()) {
1800     // Watch for end of vthread stack
1801     if (Continuation::is_continuation_enterSpecial(f->fr())) {
1802       assert(cont_entry == Continuation::get_continuation_entry_for_entry_frame(this, f->fr()), "");
1803       if (cont_entry->is_virtual_thread()) {
1804         break;
1805       }
1806       cont_entry = cont_entry->parent();
1807     }
1808     if (f->is_java_frame()) {
1809       javaVFrame* jvf = javaVFrame::cast(f);
1810       java_lang_Throwable::print_stack_element(st, jvf->method(), jvf->bci());
1811 
1812       // Print out lock information
1813       if (JavaMonitorsInStackTrace) {
1814         jvf->print_lock_info_on(st, true/*is_virtual*/, count);
1815       }
1816     } else {
1817       // Ignore non-Java frames
1818     }
1819 
1820     // Bail-out case for too deep stacks if MaxJavaStackTraceDepth > 0
1821     count++;
1822     if (MaxJavaStackTraceDepth > 0 && MaxJavaStackTraceDepth == count) return;
1823   }
1824 }
1825 
1826 void JavaThread::print_active_stack_on(outputStream* st) {
1827   if (is_vthread_mounted()) {
1828     print_vthread_stack_on(st);
1829   } else {
1830     print_stack_on(st);
1831   }
1832 }
1833 
1834 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
1835 // Rebind JVMTI thread state from carrier to virtual or from virtual to carrier.
1836 JvmtiThreadState* JavaThread::rebind_to_jvmti_thread_state_of(oop thread_oop) {
1837   set_jvmti_vthread(thread_oop);
1838 
1839   // unbind current JvmtiThreadState from JavaThread
1840   JvmtiThreadState::unbind_from(jvmti_thread_state(), this);
1841 
1842   // bind new JvmtiThreadState to JavaThread
1843   JvmtiThreadState::bind_to(java_lang_Thread::jvmti_thread_state(thread_oop), this);
1844 
1845   // enable interp_only_mode for virtual or carrier thread if it has pending bit
1846   JvmtiThreadState::process_pending_interp_only(this);
1847 
1848   return jvmti_thread_state();
1849 }
1850 #endif
1851 
1852 // JVMTI PopFrame support
1853 void JavaThread::popframe_preserve_args(ByteSize size_in_bytes, void* start) {
1854   assert(_popframe_preserved_args == nullptr, "should not wipe out old PopFrame preserved arguments");
1855   if (in_bytes(size_in_bytes) != 0) {
1856     _popframe_preserved_args = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, in_bytes(size_in_bytes), mtThread);
1857     _popframe_preserved_args_size = in_bytes(size_in_bytes);
1858     Copy::conjoint_jbytes(start, _popframe_preserved_args, _popframe_preserved_args_size);
1859   }
1860 }
1861 
1862 void* JavaThread::popframe_preserved_args() {
1863   return _popframe_preserved_args;
1864 }
1865 
1866 ByteSize JavaThread::popframe_preserved_args_size() {
1867   return in_ByteSize(_popframe_preserved_args_size);
1868 }
1869 
1870 WordSize JavaThread::popframe_preserved_args_size_in_words() {
1871   int sz = in_bytes(popframe_preserved_args_size());
1872   assert(sz % wordSize == 0, "argument size must be multiple of wordSize");
1873   return in_WordSize(sz / wordSize);
1874 }
1875 
1876 void JavaThread::popframe_free_preserved_args() {
1877   assert(_popframe_preserved_args != nullptr, "should not free PopFrame preserved arguments twice");
1878   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, (char*)_popframe_preserved_args);
1879   _popframe_preserved_args = nullptr;
1880   _popframe_preserved_args_size = 0;
1881 }
1882 
1883 #ifndef PRODUCT
1884 
1885 void JavaThread::trace_frames() {
1886   tty->print_cr("[Describe stack]");
1887   int frame_no = 1;
1888   for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true /* update */, true /* process_frames */); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1889     tty->print("  %d. ", frame_no++);
1890     fst.current()->print_value_on(tty);
1891     tty->cr();
1892   }
1893 }
1894 
1895 class PrintAndVerifyOopClosure: public OopClosure {
1896  protected:
1897   template <class T> inline void do_oop_work(T* p) {
1898     oop obj = RawAccess<>::oop_load(p);
1899     if (obj == nullptr) return;
1900     tty->print(INTPTR_FORMAT ": ", p2i(p));
1901     if (oopDesc::is_oop_or_null(obj)) {
1902       if (obj->is_objArray()) {
1903         tty->print_cr("valid objArray: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(obj));
1904       } else {
1905         obj->print();
1906       }
1907     } else {
1908       tty->print_cr("invalid oop: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(obj));
1909     }
1910     tty->cr();
1911   }
1912  public:
1913   virtual void do_oop(oop* p) { do_oop_work(p); }
1914   virtual void do_oop(narrowOop* p)  { do_oop_work(p); }
1915 };
1916 
1917 #ifdef ASSERT
1918 // Print or validate the layout of stack frames
1919 void JavaThread::print_frame_layout(int depth, bool validate_only) {
1920   ResourceMark rm;
1921   PreserveExceptionMark pm(this);
1922   FrameValues values;
1923   int frame_no = 0;
1924   for (StackFrameStream fst(this, true, true, true); !fst.is_done(); fst.next()) {
1925     fst.current()->describe(values, ++frame_no, fst.register_map());
1926     if (depth == frame_no) break;
1927   }
1928   Continuation::describe(values);
1929   if (validate_only) {
1930     values.validate();
1931   } else {
1932     tty->print_cr("[Describe stack layout]");
1933     values.print(this);
1934   }
1935 }
1936 #endif
1937 
1938 void JavaThread::trace_stack_from(vframe* start_vf) {
1939   ResourceMark rm;
1940   int vframe_no = 1;
1941   for (vframe* f = start_vf; f; f = f->sender()) {
1942     if (f->is_java_frame()) {
1943       javaVFrame::cast(f)->print_activation(vframe_no++);
1944     } else {
1945       f->print();
1946     }
1947     if (vframe_no > StackPrintLimit) {
1948       tty->print_cr("...<more frames>...");
1949       return;
1950     }
1951   }
1952 }
1953 
1954 
1955 void JavaThread::trace_stack() {
1956   if (!has_last_Java_frame()) return;
1957   Thread* current_thread = Thread::current();
1958   ResourceMark rm(current_thread);
1959   HandleMark hm(current_thread);
1960   RegisterMap reg_map(this,
1961                       RegisterMap::UpdateMap::include,
1962                       RegisterMap::ProcessFrames::include,
1963                       RegisterMap::WalkContinuation::skip);
1964   trace_stack_from(last_java_vframe(&reg_map));
1965 }
1966 
1967 
1968 #endif // PRODUCT
1969 
1970 frame JavaThread::vthread_last_frame() {
1971   assert (is_vthread_mounted(), "Virtual thread not mounted");
1972   return last_frame();
1973 }
1974 
1975 frame JavaThread::carrier_last_frame(RegisterMap* reg_map) {
1976   const ContinuationEntry* entry = vthread_continuation();
1977   guarantee (entry != nullptr, "Not a carrier thread");
1978   frame f = entry->to_frame();
1979   if (reg_map->process_frames()) {
1980     entry->flush_stack_processing(this);
1981   }
1982   entry->update_register_map(reg_map);
1983   return f.sender(reg_map);
1984 }
1985 
1986 frame JavaThread::platform_thread_last_frame(RegisterMap* reg_map) {
1987   return is_vthread_mounted() ? carrier_last_frame(reg_map) : last_frame();
1988 }
1989 
1990 javaVFrame* JavaThread::last_java_vframe(const frame f, RegisterMap *reg_map) {
1991   assert(reg_map != nullptr, "a map must be given");
1992   for (vframe* vf = vframe::new_vframe(&f, reg_map, this); vf; vf = vf->sender()) {
1993     if (vf->is_java_frame()) return javaVFrame::cast(vf);
1994   }
1995   return nullptr;
1996 }
1997 
1998 Klass* JavaThread::security_get_caller_class(int depth) {
1999   ResetNoHandleMark rnhm;
2000   HandleMark hm(Thread::current());
2001 
2002   vframeStream vfst(this);
2003   vfst.security_get_caller_frame(depth);
2004   if (!vfst.at_end()) {
2005     return vfst.method()->method_holder();
2006   }
2007   return nullptr;
2008 }
2009 
2010 // Internal convenience function for millisecond resolution sleeps.
2011 bool JavaThread::sleep(jlong millis) {
2012   jlong nanos;
2013   if (millis > max_jlong / NANOUNITS_PER_MILLIUNIT) {
2014     // Conversion to nanos would overflow, saturate at max
2015     nanos = max_jlong;
2016   } else {
2017     nanos = millis * NANOUNITS_PER_MILLIUNIT;
2018   }
2019   return sleep_nanos(nanos);
2020 }
2021 
2022 // java.lang.Thread.sleep support
2023 // Returns true if sleep time elapsed as expected, and false
2024 // if the thread was interrupted or async exception was installed.
2025 bool JavaThread::sleep_nanos(jlong nanos) {
2026   assert(this == Thread::current(),  "thread consistency check");
2027   assert(nanos >= 0, "nanos are in range");
2028 
2029   ParkEvent * const slp = this->_SleepEvent;
2030   // Because there can be races with thread interruption sending an unpark()
2031   // to the event, we explicitly reset it here to avoid an immediate return.
2032   // The actual interrupt state will be checked before we park().
2033   slp->reset();
2034   // Thread interruption establishes a happens-before ordering in the
2035   // Java Memory Model, so we need to ensure we synchronize with the
2036   // interrupt state.
2037   OrderAccess::fence();
2038 
2039   jlong prevtime = os::javaTimeNanos();
2040 
2041   jlong nanos_remaining = nanos;
2042 
2043   for (;;) {
2044     if (has_async_exception_condition()) {
2045       return false;
2046     }
2047     // interruption has precedence over timing out
2048     if (this->is_interrupted(true)) {
2049       return false;
2050     }
2051 
2052     if (nanos_remaining <= 0) {
2053       return true;
2054     }
2055 
2056     {
2057       ThreadBlockInVM tbivm(this);
2058       OSThreadWaitState osts(this->osthread(), false /* not Object.wait() */);
2059       slp->park_nanos(nanos_remaining);
2060     }
2061 
2062     // Update elapsed time tracking
2063     jlong newtime = os::javaTimeNanos();
2064     if (newtime - prevtime < 0) {
2065       // time moving backwards, should only happen if no monotonic clock
2066       // not a guarantee() because JVM should not abort on kernel/glibc bugs
2067       assert(false,
2068              "unexpected time moving backwards detected in JavaThread::sleep()");
2069     } else {
2070       nanos_remaining -= (newtime - prevtime);
2071     }
2072     prevtime = newtime;
2073   }
2074 }
2075 
2076 // Last thread running calls java.lang.Shutdown.shutdown()
2077 void JavaThread::invoke_shutdown_hooks() {
2078   HandleMark hm(this);
2079 
2080   // We could get here with a pending exception, if so clear it now.
2081   if (this->has_pending_exception()) {
2082     this->clear_pending_exception();
2083   }
2084 
2085   EXCEPTION_MARK;
2086   Klass* shutdown_klass =
2087     SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(),
2088                                       THREAD);
2089   if (shutdown_klass != nullptr) {
2090     // SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null will return null if there was
2091     // an exception.  If we cannot load the Shutdown class, just don't
2092     // call Shutdown.shutdown() at all.  This will mean the shutdown hooks
2093     // won't be run.  Note that if a shutdown hook was registered,
2094     // the Shutdown class would have already been loaded
2095     // (Runtime.addShutdownHook will load it).
2096     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
2097     JavaCalls::call_static(&result,
2098                            shutdown_klass,
2099                            vmSymbols::shutdown_name(),
2100                            vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
2101                            THREAD);
2102   }
2103   CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
2104 }
2105 
2106 #ifndef PRODUCT
2107 void JavaThread::verify_cross_modify_fence_failure(JavaThread *thread) {
2108    report_vm_error(__FILE__, __LINE__, "Cross modify fence failure", "%p", thread);
2109 }
2110 #endif
2111 
2112 // Helper function to create the java.lang.Thread object for a
2113 // VM-internal thread. The thread will have the given name, and be
2114 // a member of the "system" ThreadGroup.
2115 Handle JavaThread::create_system_thread_object(const char* name, TRAPS) {
2116   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str(name, CHECK_NH);
2117 
2118   // Initialize thread_oop to put it into the system threadGroup.
2119   // This is done by calling the Thread(ThreadGroup group, String name) constructor.
2120   Handle thread_group(THREAD, Universe::system_thread_group());
2121   Handle thread_oop =
2122     JavaCalls::construct_new_instance(vmClasses::Thread_klass(),
2123                                       vmSymbols::threadgroup_string_void_signature(),
2124                                       thread_group,
2125                                       string,
2126                                       CHECK_NH);
2127 
2128   return thread_oop;
2129 }
2130 
2131 // Starts the target JavaThread as a daemon of the given priority, and
2132 // bound to the given java.lang.Thread instance.
2133 // The Threads_lock is held for the duration.
2134 void JavaThread::start_internal_daemon(JavaThread* current, JavaThread* target,
2135                                        Handle thread_oop, ThreadPriority prio) {
2136 
2137   assert(target->osthread() != nullptr, "target thread is not properly initialized");
2138 
2139   MutexLocker mu(current, Threads_lock);
2140 
2141   // Initialize the fields of the thread_oop first.
2142   if (prio != NoPriority) {
2143     java_lang_Thread::set_priority(thread_oop(), prio);
2144     // Note: we don't call os::set_priority here. Possibly we should,
2145     // else all threads should call it themselves when they first run.
2146   }
2147 
2148   java_lang_Thread::set_daemon(thread_oop());
2149 
2150   // Now bind the thread_oop to the target JavaThread.
2151   target->set_threadOopHandles(thread_oop());
2152   target->set_monitor_owner_id(java_lang_Thread::thread_id(thread_oop()));
2153 
2154   Threads::add(target); // target is now visible for safepoint/handshake
2155   // Publish the JavaThread* in java.lang.Thread after the JavaThread* is
2156   // on a ThreadsList. We don't want to wait for the release when the
2157   // Theads_lock is dropped when the 'mu' destructor is run since the
2158   // JavaThread* is already visible to JVM/TI via the ThreadsList.
2159 
2160   assert(java_lang_Thread::thread(thread_oop()) == nullptr, "must not be alive");
2161   java_lang_Thread::release_set_thread(thread_oop(), target); // isAlive == true now
2162   Thread::start(target);
2163 }
2164 
2165 void JavaThread::vm_exit_on_osthread_failure(JavaThread* thread) {
2166   // At this point it may be possible that no osthread was created for the
2167   // JavaThread due to lack of resources. However, since this must work
2168   // for critical system threads just check and abort if this fails.
2169   if (thread->osthread() == nullptr) {
2170     // This isn't really an OOM condition, but historically this is what
2171     // we report.
2172     vm_exit_during_initialization("java.lang.OutOfMemoryError",
2173                                   os::native_thread_creation_failed_msg());
2174   }
2175 }
2176 
2177 void JavaThread::pretouch_stack() {
2178   // Given an established java thread stack with usable area followed by
2179   // shadow zone and reserved/yellow/red zone, pretouch the usable area ranging
2180   // from the current frame down to the start of the shadow zone.
2181   const address end = _stack_overflow_state.shadow_zone_safe_limit();
2182   if (is_in_full_stack(end)) {
2183     char* p1 = (char*) alloca(1);
2184     address here = (address) &p1;
2185     if (is_in_full_stack(here) && here > end) {
2186       size_t to_alloc = here - end;
2187       char* p2 = (char*) alloca(to_alloc);
2188       log_trace(os, thread)("Pretouching thread stack for %zu: " RANGEFMT ".",
2189                             (uintx) osthread()->thread_id(), RANGEFMTARGS(p2, to_alloc));
2190       os::pretouch_memory(p2, p2 + to_alloc,
2191                           NOT_AIX(os::vm_page_size()) AIX_ONLY(4096));
2192     }
2193   }
2194 }
2195 
2196 // Deferred OopHandle release support.
2197 
2198 class OopHandleList : public CHeapObj<mtInternal> {
2199   static const int _count = 4;
2200   OopHandle _handles[_count];
2201   OopHandleList* _next;
2202   int _index;
2203  public:
2204   OopHandleList(OopHandleList* next) : _next(next), _index(0) {}
2205   void add(OopHandle h) {
2206     assert(_index < _count, "too many additions");
2207     _handles[_index++] = h;
2208   }
2209   ~OopHandleList() {
2210     assert(_index == _count, "usage error");
2211     for (int i = 0; i < _index; i++) {
2212       _handles[i].release(JavaThread::thread_oop_storage());
2213     }
2214   }
2215   OopHandleList* next() const { return _next; }
2216 };
2217 
2218 OopHandleList* JavaThread::_oop_handle_list = nullptr;
2219 
2220 // Called by the ServiceThread to do the work of releasing
2221 // the OopHandles.
2222 void JavaThread::release_oop_handles() {
2223   OopHandleList* list;
2224   {
2225     MutexLocker ml(Service_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
2226     list = _oop_handle_list;
2227     _oop_handle_list = nullptr;
2228   }
2229   assert(!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "cannot be called at a safepoint");
2230 
2231   while (list != nullptr) {
2232     OopHandleList* l = list;
2233     list = l->next();
2234     delete l;
2235   }
2236 }
2237 
2238 // Add our OopHandles for later release.
2239 void JavaThread::add_oop_handles_for_release() {
2240   MutexLocker ml(Service_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
2241   OopHandleList* new_head = new OopHandleList(_oop_handle_list);
2242   new_head->add(_threadObj);
2243   new_head->add(_vthread);
2244   new_head->add(_jvmti_vthread);
2245   new_head->add(_scopedValueCache);
2246   _oop_handle_list = new_head;
2247   Service_lock->notify_all();
2248 }
2249 
2250 #if INCLUDE_JFR
2251 void JavaThread::set_last_freeze_fail_result(freeze_result result) {
2252   assert(result != freeze_ok, "sanity check");
2253   _last_freeze_fail_result = result;
2254   _last_freeze_fail_time = Ticks::now();
2255 }
2256 
2257 // Post jdk.VirtualThreadPinned event
2258 void JavaThread::post_vthread_pinned_event(EventVirtualThreadPinned* event, const char* op, freeze_result result) {
2259   assert(result != freeze_ok, "sanity check");
2260   if (event->should_commit()) {
2261     char reason[256];
2262     if (class_to_be_initialized() != nullptr) {
2263       ResourceMark rm(this);
2264       jio_snprintf(reason, sizeof reason, "Waited for initialization of %s by another thread",
2265                    class_to_be_initialized()->external_name());
2266       event->set_pinnedReason(reason);
2267     } else if (class_being_initialized() != nullptr) {
2268       ResourceMark rm(this);
2269       jio_snprintf(reason, sizeof(reason), "VM call to %s.<clinit> on stack",
2270                    class_being_initialized()->external_name());
2271       event->set_pinnedReason(reason);
2272     } else if (result == freeze_pinned_native) {
2273       event->set_pinnedReason("Native or VM frame on stack");
2274     } else {
2275       jio_snprintf(reason, sizeof(reason), "Freeze or preempt failed (%d)", result);
2276       event->set_pinnedReason(reason);
2277     }
2278     event->set_blockingOperation(op);
2279     event->set_carrierThread(JFR_JVM_THREAD_ID(this));
2280     event->commit();
2281   }
2282 }
2283 #endif