1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaClasses.inline.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/packageEntry.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/verifier.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "interpreter/linkResolver.hpp"
  34 #include "jvm.h"
  35 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/inlineKlass.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/instanceKlass.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "oops/objArrayKlass.hpp"
  43 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  44 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  45 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  46 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/javaThread.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/reflection.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/signature.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/vframe.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  55 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
  56 
  57 static void trace_class_resolution(oop mirror) {
  58   if (mirror == nullptr || java_lang_Class::is_primitive(mirror)) {
  59     return;
  60   }
  61   Klass* to_class = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(mirror);
  62   ResourceMark rm;
  63   int line_number = -1;
  64   const char * source_file = nullptr;
  65   Klass* caller = nullptr;
  66   JavaThread* jthread = JavaThread::current();
  67   if (jthread->has_last_Java_frame()) {
  68     vframeStream vfst(jthread);
  69     // skip over any frames belonging to java.lang.Class
  70     while (!vfst.at_end() &&
  71            vfst.method()->method_holder()->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_Class()) {
  72       vfst.next();
  73     }
  74     if (!vfst.at_end()) {
  75       // this frame is a likely suspect
  76       caller = vfst.method()->method_holder();
  77       line_number = vfst.method()->line_number_from_bci(vfst.bci());
  78       Symbol* s = vfst.method()->method_holder()->source_file_name();
  79       if (s != nullptr) {
  80         source_file = s->as_C_string();
  81       }
  82     }
  83   }
  84   if (caller != nullptr) {
  85     const char * from = caller->external_name();
  86     const char * to = to_class->external_name();
  87     // print in a single call to reduce interleaving between threads
  88     if (source_file != nullptr) {
  89       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s %s:%d (reflection)", from, to, source_file, line_number);
  90     } else {
  91       log_debug(class, resolve)("%s %s (reflection)", from, to);
  92     }
  93   }
  94 }
  95 
  96 
  97 oop Reflection::box(jvalue* value, BasicType type, TRAPS) {
  98   if (type == T_VOID) {
  99     return nullptr;
 100   }
 101   if (is_reference_type(type)) {
 102     // regular objects are not boxed
 103     return cast_to_oop(value->l);
 104   }
 105   oop result = java_lang_boxing_object::create(type, value, CHECK_NULL);
 106   if (result == nullptr) {
 107     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), result);
 108   }
 109   return result;
 110 }
 111 
 112 
 113 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(oop box, jvalue* value, TRAPS) {
 114   if (box == nullptr) {
 115     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 116   }
 117   return java_lang_boxing_object::get_value(box, value);
 118 }
 119 
 120 BasicType Reflection::unbox_for_regular_object(oop box, jvalue* value) {
 121   // Note:  box is really the unboxed oop.  It might even be a Short, etc.!
 122   value->l = cast_from_oop<jobject>(box);
 123   return T_OBJECT;
 124 }
 125 
 126 
 127 void Reflection::widen(jvalue* value, BasicType current_type, BasicType wide_type, TRAPS) {
 128   assert(wide_type != current_type, "widen should not be called with identical types");
 129   switch (wide_type) {
 130     case T_BOOLEAN:
 131     case T_BYTE:
 132     case T_CHAR:
 133       break;  // fail
 134     case T_SHORT:
 135       switch (current_type) {
 136         case T_BYTE:
 137           value->s = (jshort) value->b;
 138           return;
 139         default:
 140           break;
 141       }
 142       break;  // fail
 143     case T_INT:
 144       switch (current_type) {
 145         case T_BYTE:
 146           value->i = (jint) value->b;
 147           return;
 148         case T_CHAR:
 149           value->i = (jint) value->c;
 150           return;
 151         case T_SHORT:
 152           value->i = (jint) value->s;
 153           return;
 154         default:
 155           break;
 156       }
 157       break;  // fail
 158     case T_LONG:
 159       switch (current_type) {
 160         case T_BYTE:
 161           value->j = (jlong) value->b;
 162           return;
 163         case T_CHAR:
 164           value->j = (jlong) value->c;
 165           return;
 166         case T_SHORT:
 167           value->j = (jlong) value->s;
 168           return;
 169         case T_INT:
 170           value->j = (jlong) value->i;
 171           return;
 172         default:
 173           break;
 174       }
 175       break;  // fail
 176     case T_FLOAT:
 177       switch (current_type) {
 178         case T_BYTE:
 179           value->f = (jfloat) value->b;
 180           return;
 181         case T_CHAR:
 182           value->f = (jfloat) value->c;
 183           return;
 184         case T_SHORT:
 185           value->f = (jfloat) value->s;
 186           return;
 187         case T_INT:
 188           value->f = (jfloat) value->i;
 189           return;
 190         case T_LONG:
 191           value->f = (jfloat) value->j;
 192           return;
 193         default:
 194           break;
 195       }
 196       break;  // fail
 197     case T_DOUBLE:
 198       switch (current_type) {
 199         case T_BYTE:
 200           value->d = (jdouble) value->b;
 201           return;
 202         case T_CHAR:
 203           value->d = (jdouble) value->c;
 204           return;
 205         case T_SHORT:
 206           value->d = (jdouble) value->s;
 207           return;
 208         case T_INT:
 209           value->d = (jdouble) value->i;
 210           return;
 211         case T_FLOAT:
 212           value->d = (jdouble) value->f;
 213           return;
 214         case T_LONG:
 215           value->d = (jdouble) value->j;
 216           return;
 217         default:
 218           break;
 219       }
 220       break;  // fail
 221     default:
 222       break;  // fail
 223   }
 224   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
 225 }
 226 
 227 
 228 BasicType Reflection::array_get(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, TRAPS) {
 229   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 230     THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), T_ILLEGAL);
 231   }
 232   if (a->is_objArray()) {
 233     oop o = objArrayOop(a)->obj_at(index, CHECK_(T_ILLEGAL)); // reading from a flat array can throw an OOM
 234     value->l = cast_from_oop<jobject>(o);
 235     return T_OBJECT;
 236   } else {
 237     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 238     BasicType type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 239     switch (type) {
 240       case T_BOOLEAN:
 241         value->z = typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at(index);
 242         break;
 243       case T_CHAR:
 244         value->c = typeArrayOop(a)->char_at(index);
 245         break;
 246       case T_FLOAT:
 247         value->f = typeArrayOop(a)->float_at(index);
 248         break;
 249       case T_DOUBLE:
 250         value->d = typeArrayOop(a)->double_at(index);
 251         break;
 252       case T_BYTE:
 253         value->b = typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at(index);
 254         break;
 255       case T_SHORT:
 256         value->s = typeArrayOop(a)->short_at(index);
 257         break;
 258       case T_INT:
 259         value->i = typeArrayOop(a)->int_at(index);
 260         break;
 261       case T_LONG:
 262         value->j = typeArrayOop(a)->long_at(index);
 263         break;
 264       default:
 265         return T_ILLEGAL;
 266     }
 267     return type;
 268   }
 269 }
 270 
 271 
 272 void Reflection::array_set(jvalue* value, arrayOop a, int index, BasicType value_type, TRAPS) {
 273   if (!a->is_within_bounds(index)) {
 274     THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException());
 275   }
 276 
 277   if (value_type == T_OBJECT) {
 278     assert(a->is_objArray(), "just checking");
 279     oop obj = cast_to_oop(value->l);
 280     if (a->is_null_free_array() && obj == nullptr) {
 281       THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), "null-restricted array");
 282     }
 283 
 284     if (obj != nullptr) {
 285       Klass* element_klass = ObjArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_klass();
 286       if (!obj->is_a(element_klass)) {
 287         THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "array element type mismatch");
 288       }
 289     }
 290     objArrayOop(a)->obj_at_put(index, obj);
 291   } else {
 292     assert(a->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 293     BasicType array_type = TypeArrayKlass::cast(a->klass())->element_type();
 294     if (array_type != value_type) {
 295       // The widen operation can potentially throw an exception, but cannot block,
 296       // so typeArrayOop a is safe if the call succeeds.
 297       widen(value, value_type, array_type, CHECK);
 298     }
 299     switch (array_type) {
 300       case T_BOOLEAN:
 301         typeArrayOop(a)->bool_at_put(index, value->z);
 302         break;
 303       case T_CHAR:
 304         typeArrayOop(a)->char_at_put(index, value->c);
 305         break;
 306       case T_FLOAT:
 307         typeArrayOop(a)->float_at_put(index, value->f);
 308         break;
 309       case T_DOUBLE:
 310         typeArrayOop(a)->double_at_put(index, value->d);
 311         break;
 312       case T_BYTE:
 313         typeArrayOop(a)->byte_at_put(index, value->b);
 314         break;
 315       case T_SHORT:
 316         typeArrayOop(a)->short_at_put(index, value->s);
 317         break;
 318       case T_INT:
 319         typeArrayOop(a)->int_at_put(index, value->i);
 320         break;
 321       case T_LONG:
 322         typeArrayOop(a)->long_at_put(index, value->j);
 323         break;
 324       default:
 325         THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 326     }
 327   }
 328 }
 329 
 330 
 331 // Conversion
 332 static BasicType basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(oop basic_type_mirror) {
 333   assert(java_lang_Class::is_primitive(basic_type_mirror),
 334     "just checking");
 335   return java_lang_Class::primitive_type(basic_type_mirror);
 336 }
 337 
 338 static Klass* basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(oop basic_type_mirror, TRAPS) {
 339   BasicType type = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(basic_type_mirror);
 340   if (type == T_VOID) {
 341     THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 342   }
 343   else {
 344     return Universe::typeArrayKlass(type);
 345   }
 346 }
 347 
 348 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_array(oop element_mirror, jint length, TRAPS) {
 349   if (element_mirror == nullptr) {
 350     THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 351   }
 352   if (length < 0) {
 353     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", length));
 354   }
 355   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 356     BasicType type = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(element_mirror);
 357     if (type == T_VOID) {
 358       THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 359     }
 360     return oopFactory::new_typeArray(type, length, CHECK_NULL);
 361   } else {
 362     Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 363     if (k->is_array_klass() && ArrayKlass::cast(k)->dimension() >= MAX_DIM) {
 364       THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 365     }
 366     return oopFactory::new_objArray(k, length, THREAD);
 367   }
 368 }
 369 
 370 
 371 arrayOop Reflection::reflect_new_multi_array(oop element_mirror, typeArrayOop dim_array, TRAPS) {
 372   assert(dim_array->is_typeArray(), "just checking");
 373   assert(TypeArrayKlass::cast(dim_array->klass())->element_type() == T_INT, "just checking");
 374 
 375   if (element_mirror == nullptr) {
 376     THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 377   }
 378 
 379   int len = dim_array->length();
 380   if (len <= 0 || len > MAX_DIM) {
 381     THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 382   }
 383 
 384   jint dimensions[MAX_DIM];   // C array copy of intArrayOop
 385   for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 386     int d = dim_array->int_at(i);
 387     if (d < 0) {
 388       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NegativeArraySizeException(), err_msg("%d", d));
 389     }
 390     dimensions[i] = d;
 391   }
 392 
 393   Klass* klass;
 394   int dim = len;
 395   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(element_mirror)) {
 396     klass = basic_type_mirror_to_arrayklass(element_mirror, CHECK_NULL);
 397   } else {
 398     klass = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(element_mirror);
 399     if (klass->is_array_klass()) {
 400       int k_dim = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->dimension();
 401       if (k_dim + len > MAX_DIM) {
 402         THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException());
 403       }
 404       dim += k_dim;
 405     }
 406   }
 407   klass = klass->array_klass(dim, CHECK_NULL);
 408   oop obj = ArrayKlass::cast(klass)->multi_allocate(len, dimensions, CHECK_NULL);
 409   assert(obj->is_array(), "just checking");
 410   return arrayOop(obj);
 411 }
 412 
 413 
 414 static bool can_relax_access_check_for(const Klass* accessor,
 415                                        const Klass* accessee,
 416                                        bool classloader_only) {
 417 
 418   const InstanceKlass* accessor_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessor);
 419   const InstanceKlass* accessee_ik = InstanceKlass::cast(accessee);
 420 
 421   if (RelaxAccessControlCheck &&
 422     accessor_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION &&
 423     accessee_ik->major_version() < Verifier::NO_RELAX_ACCESS_CTRL_CHECK_VERSION) {
 424     return classloader_only &&
 425       Verifier::relax_access_for(accessor_ik->class_loader()) &&
 426       accessor_ik->protection_domain() == accessee_ik->protection_domain() &&
 427       accessor_ik->class_loader() == accessee_ik->class_loader();
 428   }
 429 
 430   return false;
 431 }
 432 
 433 /*
 434     Type Accessibility check for public types: Callee Type T is accessible to Caller Type S if:
 435 
 436                         Callee T in             Callee T in package PT,
 437                         unnamed module          runtime module MT
 438  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 439 
 440  Caller S in package     If MS is loose: YES      If same classloader/package (PS == PT): YES
 441  PS, runtime module MS   If MS can read T's       If same runtime module: (MS == MT): YES
 442                          unnamed module: YES
 443                                                   Else if (MS can read MT (establish readability) &&
 444                                                     ((MT exports PT to MS or to all modules) ||
 445                                                      (MT is open))): YES
 446 
 447  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 448  Caller S in unnamed         YES                  Readability exists because unnamed module
 449  module UM                                            "reads" all modules
 450                                                   if (MT exports PT to UM or to all modules): YES
 451 
 452  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 453 
 454  Note: a loose module is a module that can read all current and future unnamed modules.
 455 */
 456 Reflection::VerifyClassAccessResults Reflection::verify_class_access(
 457   const Klass* current_class, const InstanceKlass* new_class, bool classloader_only) {
 458 
 459   // Verify that current_class can access new_class.  If the classloader_only
 460   // flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses in which current_class
 461   // doesn't have a classloader.
 462   if ((current_class == nullptr) ||
 463       (current_class == new_class) ||
 464       is_same_class_package(current_class, new_class)) {
 465     return ACCESS_OK;
 466   }
 467 
 468   // module boundaries
 469   if (new_class->is_public()) {
 470     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 471     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 472     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 473     ModuleEntry* module_to = new_class->module();
 474 
 475     // both in same (possibly unnamed) module
 476     if (module_from == module_to) {
 477       return ACCESS_OK;
 478     }
 479 
 480     // Acceptable access to a type in an unnamed module. Note that since
 481     // unnamed modules can read all unnamed modules, this also handles the
 482     // case where module_from is also unnamed but in a different class loader.
 483     if (!module_to->is_named() &&
 484         (module_from->can_read_all_unnamed() || module_from->can_read(module_to))) {
 485       return ACCESS_OK;
 486     }
 487 
 488     // Establish readability, check if module_from is allowed to read module_to.
 489     if (!module_from->can_read(module_to)) {
 490       return MODULE_NOT_READABLE;
 491     }
 492 
 493     // Access is allowed if module_to is open, i.e. all its packages are unqualifiedly exported
 494     if (module_to->is_open()) {
 495       return ACCESS_OK;
 496     }
 497 
 498     PackageEntry* package_to = new_class->package();
 499     assert(package_to != nullptr, "can not obtain new_class' package");
 500 
 501     {
 502       MutexLocker m1(Module_lock);
 503 
 504       // Once readability is established, if module_to exports T unqualifiedly,
 505       // (to all modules), than whether module_from is in the unnamed module
 506       // or not does not matter, access is allowed.
 507       if (package_to->is_unqual_exported()) {
 508         return ACCESS_OK;
 509       }
 510 
 511       // Access is allowed if both 1 & 2 hold:
 512       //   1. Readability, module_from can read module_to (established above).
 513       //   2. Either module_to exports T to module_from qualifiedly.
 514       //      or
 515       //      module_to exports T to all unnamed modules and module_from is unnamed.
 516       //      or
 517       //      module_to exports T unqualifiedly to all modules (checked above).
 518       if (!package_to->is_qexported_to(module_from)) {
 519         return TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED;
 520       }
 521     }
 522     return ACCESS_OK;
 523   }
 524 
 525   if (can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, new_class, classloader_only)) {
 526     return ACCESS_OK;
 527   }
 528   return OTHER_PROBLEM;
 529 }
 530 
 531 // Return an error message specific to the specified Klass*'s and result.
 532 // This function must be called from within a block containing a ResourceMark.
 533 char* Reflection::verify_class_access_msg(const Klass* current_class,
 534                                           const InstanceKlass* new_class,
 535                                           const VerifyClassAccessResults result) {
 536   assert(result != ACCESS_OK, "must be failure result");
 537   char * msg = nullptr;
 538   if (result != OTHER_PROBLEM && new_class != nullptr && current_class != nullptr) {
 539     // Find the module entry for current_class, the accessor
 540     ModuleEntry* module_from = current_class->module();
 541     const char * module_from_name = module_from->is_named() ? module_from->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 542     const char * current_class_name = current_class->external_name();
 543 
 544     // Find the module entry for new_class, the accessee
 545     ModuleEntry* module_to = nullptr;
 546     module_to = new_class->module();
 547     const char * module_to_name = module_to->is_named() ? module_to->name()->as_C_string() : UNNAMED_MODULE;
 548     const char * new_class_name = new_class->external_name();
 549 
 550     if (result == MODULE_NOT_READABLE) {
 551       assert(module_from->is_named(), "Unnamed modules can read all modules");
 552       if (module_to->is_named()) {
 553         size_t len = 100 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 554           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name);
 555         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 556         jio_snprintf(msg, len,
 557           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not read module %s",
 558           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 559           module_to_name, module_from_name, module_to_name);
 560       } else {
 561         oop module_oop = module_to->module_oop();
 562         assert(module_oop != nullptr, "should have been initialized");
 563         intptr_t identity_hash = module_oop->identity_hash();
 564         size_t len = 160 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 565           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 566         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 567         jio_snprintf(msg, len,
 568           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in unnamed module @0x%zx) because module %s does not read unnamed module @0x%zx",
 569           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name, uintx(identity_hash),
 570           module_from_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 571       }
 572 
 573     } else if (result == TYPE_NOT_EXPORTED) {
 574       assert(new_class->package() != nullptr,
 575              "Unnamed packages are always exported");
 576       const char * package_name =
 577         new_class->package()->name()->as_klass_external_name();
 578       assert(module_to->is_named(), "Unnamed modules export all packages");
 579       if (module_from->is_named()) {
 580         size_t len = 118 + strlen(current_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_from_name) +
 581           strlen(new_class_name) + 2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name);
 582         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 583         jio_snprintf(msg, len,
 584           "class %s (in module %s) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to module %s",
 585           current_class_name, module_from_name, new_class_name,
 586           module_to_name, module_to_name, package_name, module_from_name);
 587       } else {
 588         oop module_oop = module_from->module_oop();
 589         assert(module_oop != nullptr, "should have been initialized");
 590         intptr_t identity_hash = module_oop->identity_hash();
 591         size_t len = 170 + strlen(current_class_name) + strlen(new_class_name) +
 592           2*strlen(module_to_name) + strlen(package_name) + 2*sizeof(uintx);
 593         msg = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, len);
 594         jio_snprintf(msg, len,
 595           "class %s (in unnamed module @0x%zx) cannot access class %s (in module %s) because module %s does not export %s to unnamed module @0x%zx",
 596           current_class_name, uintx(identity_hash), new_class_name, module_to_name,
 597           module_to_name, package_name, uintx(identity_hash));
 598       }
 599     } else {
 600         ShouldNotReachHere();
 601     }
 602   }  // result != OTHER_PROBLEM...
 603   return msg;
 604 }
 605 
 606 bool Reflection::verify_member_access(const Klass* current_class,
 607                                       const Klass* resolved_class,
 608                                       const Klass* member_class,
 609                                       AccessFlags access,
 610                                       bool classloader_only,
 611                                       bool protected_restriction,
 612                                       TRAPS) {
 613   // Verify that current_class can access a member of member_class, where that
 614   // field's access bits are "access".  We assume that we've already verified
 615   // that current_class can access member_class.
 616   //
 617   // If the classloader_only flag is set, we automatically allow any accesses
 618   // in which current_class doesn't have a classloader.
 619   //
 620   // "resolved_class" is the runtime type of "member_class". Sometimes we don't
 621   // need this distinction (e.g. if all we have is the runtime type, or during
 622   // class file parsing when we only care about the static type); in that case
 623   // callers should ensure that resolved_class == member_class.
 624   //
 625   if ((current_class == nullptr) ||
 626       (current_class == member_class) ||
 627       access.is_public()) {
 628     return true;
 629   }
 630 
 631   if (current_class == member_class) {
 632     return true;
 633   }
 634 
 635   if (access.is_protected()) {
 636     if (!protected_restriction) {
 637       // See if current_class (or outermost host class) is a subclass of member_class
 638       // An interface may not access protected members of j.l.Object
 639       if (!current_class->is_interface() && current_class->is_subclass_of(member_class)) {
 640         if (access.is_static() || // static fields are ok, see 6622385
 641             current_class == resolved_class ||
 642             member_class == resolved_class ||
 643             current_class->is_subclass_of(resolved_class) ||
 644             resolved_class->is_subclass_of(current_class)) {
 645           return true;
 646         }
 647       }
 648     }
 649   }
 650 
 651   // package access
 652   if (!access.is_private() && is_same_class_package(current_class, member_class)) {
 653     return true;
 654   }
 655 
 656   // private access between different classes needs a nestmate check.
 657   if (access.is_private()) {
 658     if (current_class->is_instance_klass() && member_class->is_instance_klass() ) {
 659       InstanceKlass* cur_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(current_class));
 660       InstanceKlass* field_ik = const_cast<InstanceKlass*>(InstanceKlass::cast(member_class));
 661       // Nestmate access checks may require resolution and validation of the nest-host.
 662       // It is up to the caller to check for pending exceptions and handle appropriately.
 663       bool access = cur_ik->has_nestmate_access_to(field_ik, CHECK_false);
 664       if (access) {
 665         guarantee(resolved_class->is_subclass_of(member_class), "must be!");
 666         return true;
 667       }
 668     }
 669   }
 670 
 671   // Check for special relaxations
 672   return can_relax_access_check_for(current_class, member_class, classloader_only);
 673 }
 674 
 675 bool Reflection::is_same_class_package(const Klass* class1, const Klass* class2) {
 676   return InstanceKlass::cast(class1)->is_same_class_package(class2);
 677 }
 678 
 679 // Checks that the 'outer' klass has declared 'inner' as being an inner klass. If not,
 680 // throw an incompatible class change exception
 681 // If inner_is_member, require the inner to be a member of the outer.
 682 // If !inner_is_member, require the inner to be hidden (non-member).
 683 // Caller is responsible for figuring out in advance which case must be true.
 684 void Reflection::check_for_inner_class(const InstanceKlass* outer, const InstanceKlass* inner,
 685                                        bool inner_is_member, TRAPS) {
 686   InnerClassesIterator iter(outer);
 687   constantPoolHandle cp   (THREAD, outer->constants());
 688   for (; !iter.done(); iter.next()) {
 689     int ioff = iter.inner_class_info_index();
 690     int ooff = iter.outer_class_info_index();
 691 
 692     if (inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff != 0) {
 693       if (cp->klass_name_at_matches(outer, ooff) &&
 694           cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 695         Klass* o = cp->klass_at(ooff, CHECK);
 696         if (o == outer) {
 697           Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 698           if (i == inner) {
 699             return;
 700           }
 701         }
 702       }
 703     }
 704 
 705     if (!inner_is_member && ioff != 0 && ooff == 0 &&
 706         cp->klass_name_at_matches(inner, ioff)) {
 707       Klass* i = cp->klass_at(ioff, CHECK);
 708       if (i == inner) {
 709         return;
 710       }
 711     }
 712   }
 713 
 714   // 'inner' not declared as an inner klass in outer
 715   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 716   // Names are all known to be < 64k so we know this formatted message is not excessively large.
 717   Exceptions::fthrow(
 718     THREAD_AND_LOCATION,
 719     vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(),
 720     "%s and %s disagree on InnerClasses attribute",
 721     outer->external_name(),
 722     inner->external_name()
 723   );
 724 }
 725 
 726 static objArrayHandle get_parameter_types(const methodHandle& method,
 727                                           int parameter_count,
 728                                           oop* return_type,
 729                                           TRAPS) {
 730   objArrayOop m;
 731   if (parameter_count == 0) {
 732     // Avoid allocating an array for the empty case
 733     // Still need to parse the signature for the return type below
 734     m = Universe::the_empty_class_array();
 735   } else {
 736     // Allocate array holding parameter types (java.lang.Class instances)
 737     m = oopFactory::new_objArray(vmClasses::Class_klass(), parameter_count, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 738   }
 739   objArrayHandle mirrors(THREAD, m);
 740   int index = 0;
 741   // Collect parameter types
 742   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 743   for (ResolvingSignatureStream ss(method()); !ss.is_done(); ss.next()) {
 744     oop mirror = ss.as_java_mirror(SignatureStream::NCDFError, CHECK_(objArrayHandle()));
 745     if (log_is_enabled(Debug, class, resolve)) {
 746       trace_class_resolution(mirror);
 747     }
 748     if (!ss.at_return_type()) {
 749       mirrors->obj_at_put(index++, mirror);
 750     } else if (return_type != nullptr) {
 751       // Collect return type as well
 752       assert(ss.at_return_type(), "return type should be present");
 753       *return_type = mirror;
 754     }
 755   }
 756   assert(index == parameter_count, "invalid parameter count");
 757   return mirrors;
 758 }
 759 
 760 static objArrayHandle get_exception_types(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 761   return method->resolved_checked_exceptions(THREAD);
 762 }
 763 
 764 static Handle new_type(Symbol* signature, Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 765   ResolvingSignatureStream ss(signature, k, false);
 766   oop nt = ss.as_java_mirror(SignatureStream::NCDFError, CHECK_NH);
 767   return Handle(THREAD, nt);
 768 }
 769 
 770 oop Reflection::new_method(const methodHandle& method, bool for_constant_pool_access, TRAPS) {
 771   // Allow jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool to refer to <clinit> methods as java.lang.reflect.Methods.
 772   assert(!method()->name()->starts_with('<') || for_constant_pool_access,
 773          "should call new_constructor instead");
 774   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 775   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 776 
 777   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 778   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 779   oop return_type_oop = nullptr;
 780   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, &return_type_oop, CHECK_NULL);
 781   if (parameter_types.is_null() || return_type_oop == nullptr) return nullptr;
 782 
 783   Handle return_type(THREAD, return_type_oop);
 784 
 785   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 786   assert(!exception_types.is_null(), "cannot return null");
 787 
 788   Symbol*  method_name = method->name();
 789   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(method_name, CHECK_NULL);
 790   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 791   if (name == nullptr) return nullptr;
 792 
 793   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_method_flags();
 794 
 795   Handle mh = java_lang_reflect_Method::create(CHECK_NULL);
 796 
 797   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_clazz(mh(), holder->java_mirror());
 798   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_slot(mh(), slot);
 799   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_name(mh(), name());
 800   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_return_type(mh(), return_type());
 801   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_types(mh(), parameter_types());
 802   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_exception_types(mh(), exception_types());
 803   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_modifiers(mh(), modifiers);
 804   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_override(mh(), false);
 805   if (method->generic_signature() != nullptr) {
 806     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 807     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 808     java_lang_reflect_Method::set_signature(mh(), sig());
 809   }
 810   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 811   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 812   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 813   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_parameter_annotations(mh(), an_oop);
 814   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotation_default(), CHECK_NULL);
 815   java_lang_reflect_Method::set_annotation_default(mh(), an_oop);
 816   return mh();
 817 }
 818 
 819 
 820 oop Reflection::new_constructor(const methodHandle& method, TRAPS) {
 821   assert(method()->is_object_constructor(),
 822          "should call new_method instead");
 823 
 824   InstanceKlass* holder = method->method_holder();
 825   int slot = method->method_idnum();
 826 
 827   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 828   int parameter_count = ArgumentCount(signature).size();
 829   objArrayHandle parameter_types = get_parameter_types(method, parameter_count, nullptr, CHECK_NULL);
 830   if (parameter_types.is_null()) return nullptr;
 831 
 832   objArrayHandle exception_types = get_exception_types(method, CHECK_NULL);
 833   assert(!exception_types.is_null(), "cannot return null");
 834 
 835   const int modifiers = method->access_flags().as_method_flags();
 836 
 837   Handle ch = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::create(CHECK_NULL);
 838 
 839   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_clazz(ch(), holder->java_mirror());
 840   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_slot(ch(), slot);
 841   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_types(ch(), parameter_types());
 842   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_exception_types(ch(), exception_types());
 843   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_modifiers(ch(), modifiers);
 844   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_override(ch(), false);
 845   if (method->generic_signature() != nullptr) {
 846     Symbol*  gs = method->generic_signature();
 847     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 848     java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_signature(ch(), sig());
 849   }
 850   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 851   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 852   an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(method->parameter_annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 853   java_lang_reflect_Constructor::set_parameter_annotations(ch(), an_oop);
 854   return ch();
 855 }
 856 
 857 
 858 oop Reflection::new_field(fieldDescriptor* fd, TRAPS) {
 859   Symbol*  field_name = fd->name();
 860   oop name_oop = StringTable::intern(field_name, CHECK_NULL);
 861   Handle name = Handle(THREAD, name_oop);
 862   Symbol*  signature  = fd->signature();
 863   InstanceKlass* holder = fd->field_holder();
 864   Handle type = new_type(signature, holder, CHECK_NULL);
 865   Handle rh  = java_lang_reflect_Field::create(CHECK_NULL);
 866 
 867   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_clazz(rh(), fd->field_holder()->java_mirror());
 868   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_slot(rh(), fd->index());
 869   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_name(rh(), name());
 870   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_type(rh(), type());
 871 
 872   int flags = 0;
 873   if (fd->is_trusted_final()) {
 874     flags |= TRUSTED_FINAL;
 875   }
 876   if (fd->is_null_free_inline_type()) {
 877     flags |= NULL_RESTRICTED;
 878   }
 879   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_flags(rh(), flags);
 880 
 881   // Note the ACC_ANNOTATION bit, which is a per-class access flag, is never set here.
 882   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_modifiers(rh(), fd->access_flags().as_field_flags());
 883   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_override(rh(), false);
 884   if (fd->has_generic_signature()) {
 885     Symbol*  gs = fd->generic_signature();
 886     Handle sig = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(gs, CHECK_NULL);
 887     java_lang_reflect_Field::set_signature(rh(), sig());
 888   }
 889   typeArrayOop an_oop = Annotations::make_java_array(fd->annotations(), CHECK_NULL);
 890   java_lang_reflect_Field::set_annotations(rh(), an_oop);
 891   return rh();
 892 }
 893 
 894 oop Reflection::new_parameter(Handle method, int index, Symbol* sym,
 895                               int flags, TRAPS) {
 896 
 897   Handle rh = java_lang_reflect_Parameter::create(CHECK_NULL);
 898 
 899   if(nullptr != sym) {
 900     Handle name = java_lang_String::create_from_symbol(sym, CHECK_NULL);
 901     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), name());
 902   } else {
 903     java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_name(rh(), nullptr);
 904   }
 905 
 906   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_modifiers(rh(), flags);
 907   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_executable(rh(), method());
 908   java_lang_reflect_Parameter::set_index(rh(), index);
 909   return rh();
 910 }
 911 
 912 
 913 static methodHandle resolve_interface_call(InstanceKlass* klass,
 914                                            const methodHandle& method,
 915                                            Klass* recv_klass,
 916                                            Handle receiver,
 917                                            TRAPS) {
 918 
 919   assert(!method.is_null() , "method should not be null");
 920 
 921   CallInfo info;
 922   Symbol*  signature  = method->signature();
 923   Symbol*  name       = method->name();
 924   LinkResolver::resolve_interface_call(info, receiver, recv_klass,
 925                                        LinkInfo(klass, name, signature),
 926                                        true,
 927                                        CHECK_(methodHandle()));
 928   return methodHandle(THREAD, info.selected_method());
 929 }
 930 
 931 // Narrowing of basic types. Used to create correct jvalues for
 932 // boolean, byte, char and short return return values from interpreter
 933 // which are returned as ints. Throws IllegalArgumentException.
 934 static void narrow(jvalue* value, BasicType narrow_type, TRAPS) {
 935   switch (narrow_type) {
 936   case T_BOOLEAN:
 937     value->z = (jboolean) (value->i & 1);
 938     return;
 939   case T_BYTE:
 940     value->b = (jbyte)value->i;
 941     return;
 942   case T_CHAR:
 943     value->c = (jchar)value->i;
 944     return;
 945   case T_SHORT:
 946     value->s = (jshort)value->i;
 947     return;
 948   default:
 949     break; // fail
 950   }
 951   THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
 952 }
 953 
 954 
 955 // Method call (shared by invoke_method and invoke_constructor)
 956 static oop invoke(InstanceKlass* klass,
 957                   const methodHandle& reflected_method,
 958                   Handle receiver,
 959                   bool override,
 960                   objArrayHandle ptypes,
 961                   BasicType rtype,
 962                   objArrayHandle args,
 963                   bool is_method_invoke,
 964                   TRAPS) {
 965 
 966   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 967 
 968   methodHandle method;      // actual method to invoke
 969   Klass* target_klass;      // target klass, receiver's klass for non-static
 970 
 971   // Ensure klass is initialized
 972   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
 973 
 974   bool is_static = reflected_method->is_static();
 975   if (is_static) {
 976     // ignore receiver argument
 977     method = reflected_method;
 978     target_klass = klass;
 979   } else {
 980     // check for null receiver
 981     if (receiver.is_null()) {
 982       THROW_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
 983     }
 984     // Check class of receiver against class declaring method
 985     if (!receiver->is_a(klass)) {
 986       THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "object is not an instance of declaring class");
 987     }
 988     // target klass is receiver's klass
 989     target_klass = receiver->klass();
 990     // no need to resolve if method is private or <init>
 991     if (reflected_method->is_private() ||
 992         reflected_method->name() == vmSymbols::object_initializer_name()) {
 993       method = reflected_method;
 994     } else {
 995       // resolve based on the receiver
 996       if (reflected_method->method_holder()->is_interface()) {
 997         // resolve interface call
 998         //
 999         // Match resolution errors with those thrown due to reflection inlining
1000         // Linktime resolution & IllegalAccessCheck already done by Class.getMethod()
1001         method = resolve_interface_call(klass, reflected_method, target_klass, receiver, THREAD);
1002         if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1003           // Method resolution threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1004           oop resolution_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1005           CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1006           // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1007           // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1008           JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception(THREAD);
1009           JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, resolution_exception));
1010           THROW_ARG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1011                          vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1012                          &args);
1013         }
1014       }  else {
1015         // if the method can be overridden, we resolve using the vtable index.
1016         assert(!reflected_method->has_itable_index(), "");
1017         int index = reflected_method->vtable_index();
1018         method = reflected_method;
1019         if (index != Method::nonvirtual_vtable_index) {
1020           method = methodHandle(THREAD, target_klass->method_at_vtable(index));
1021         }
1022         if (!method.is_null()) {
1023           // Check for abstract methods as well
1024           if (method->is_abstract()) {
1025             // new default: 6531596
1026             ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1027             stringStream ss;
1028             ss.print("'");
1029             Method::print_external_name(&ss, target_klass, method->name(), method->signature());
1030             ss.print("'");
1031             Handle h_origexception = Exceptions::new_exception(THREAD,
1032               vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1033             JavaCallArguments args(h_origexception);
1034             THROW_ARG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1035                            vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1036                            &args);
1037           }
1038         }
1039       }
1040     }
1041   }
1042 
1043   // I believe this is a ShouldNotGetHere case which requires
1044   // an internal vtable bug. If you ever get this please let Karen know.
1045   if (method.is_null()) {
1046     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
1047     stringStream ss;
1048     ss.print("'");
1049     Method::print_external_name(&ss, klass,
1050                                      reflected_method->name(),
1051                                      reflected_method->signature());
1052     ss.print("'");
1053     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodError(), ss.as_string());
1054   }
1055 
1056   assert(ptypes->is_objArray(), "just checking");
1057   int args_len = args.is_null() ? 0 : args->length();
1058   // Check number of arguments
1059   if (ptypes->length() != args_len) {
1060     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1061                    "wrong number of arguments");
1062   }
1063 
1064   // Create object to contain parameters for the JavaCall
1065   JavaCallArguments java_args(method->size_of_parameters());
1066 
1067   if (!is_static) {
1068     java_args.push_oop(receiver);
1069   }
1070 
1071   for (int i = 0; i < args_len; i++) {
1072     oop type_mirror = ptypes->obj_at(i, CHECK_NULL);
1073     oop arg = args->obj_at(i, CHECK_NULL);
1074     if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(type_mirror)) {
1075       jvalue value;
1076       BasicType ptype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(type_mirror);
1077       BasicType atype = Reflection::unbox_for_primitive(arg, &value, CHECK_NULL);
1078       if (ptype != atype) {
1079         Reflection::widen(&value, atype, ptype, CHECK_NULL);
1080       }
1081       switch (ptype) {
1082         case T_BOOLEAN:     java_args.push_int(value.z);    break;
1083         case T_CHAR:        java_args.push_int(value.c);    break;
1084         case T_BYTE:        java_args.push_int(value.b);    break;
1085         case T_SHORT:       java_args.push_int(value.s);    break;
1086         case T_INT:         java_args.push_int(value.i);    break;
1087         case T_LONG:        java_args.push_long(value.j);   break;
1088         case T_FLOAT:       java_args.push_float(value.f);  break;
1089         case T_DOUBLE:      java_args.push_double(value.d); break;
1090         default:
1091           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), "argument type mismatch");
1092       }
1093     } else {
1094       if (arg != nullptr) {
1095         Klass* k = java_lang_Class::as_Klass(type_mirror);
1096         if (!arg->is_a(k)) {
1097           THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(),
1098                          "argument type mismatch");
1099         }
1100       }
1101       Handle arg_handle(THREAD, arg);         // Create handle for argument
1102       java_args.push_oop(arg_handle); // Push handle
1103     }
1104   }
1105 
1106   assert(java_args.size_of_parameters() == method->size_of_parameters(),
1107     "just checking");
1108 
1109   // All oops (including receiver) is passed in as Handles. An potential oop is returned as an
1110   // oop (i.e., NOT as an handle)
1111   JavaValue result(rtype);
1112   JavaCalls::call(&result, method, &java_args, THREAD);
1113 
1114   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
1115     // Method threw an exception; wrap it in an InvocationTargetException
1116     oop target_exception = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1117     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
1118     // JVMTI has already reported the pending exception
1119     // JVMTI internal flag reset is needed in order to report InvocationTargetException
1120     JvmtiExport::clear_detected_exception(THREAD);
1121 
1122     JavaCallArguments args(Handle(THREAD, target_exception));
1123     THROW_ARG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_InvocationTargetException(),
1124                    vmSymbols::throwable_void_signature(),
1125                    &args);
1126   } else {
1127     if (rtype == T_BOOLEAN || rtype == T_BYTE || rtype == T_CHAR || rtype == T_SHORT) {
1128       narrow((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, CHECK_NULL);
1129     }
1130     return Reflection::box((jvalue*)result.get_value_addr(), rtype, THREAD);
1131   }
1132 }
1133 
1134 // This would be nicer if, say, java.lang.reflect.Method was a subclass
1135 // of java.lang.reflect.Constructor
1136 
1137 oop Reflection::invoke_method(oop method_mirror, Handle receiver, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1138   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Method::clazz(method_mirror);
1139   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Method::slot(method_mirror);
1140   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Method::override(method_mirror) != 0;
1141   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Method::parameter_types(method_mirror)));
1142 
1143   oop return_type_mirror = java_lang_reflect_Method::return_type(method_mirror);
1144   BasicType rtype;
1145   if (java_lang_Class::is_primitive(return_type_mirror)) {
1146     rtype = basic_type_mirror_to_basic_type(return_type_mirror);
1147   } else {
1148     rtype = T_OBJECT;
1149   }
1150 
1151   InstanceKlass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror);
1152   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1153   if (m == nullptr) {
1154     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1155   }
1156   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1157 
1158   return invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, rtype, args, true, THREAD);
1159 }
1160 
1161 
1162 oop Reflection::invoke_constructor(oop constructor_mirror, objArrayHandle args, TRAPS) {
1163   oop mirror             = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::clazz(constructor_mirror);
1164   int slot               = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::slot(constructor_mirror);
1165   bool override          = java_lang_reflect_Constructor::override(constructor_mirror) != 0;
1166   objArrayHandle ptypes(THREAD, objArrayOop(java_lang_reflect_Constructor::parameter_types(constructor_mirror)));
1167 
1168   InstanceKlass* klass = java_lang_Class::as_InstanceKlass(mirror);
1169   Method* m = klass->method_with_idnum(slot);
1170   if (m == nullptr) {
1171     THROW_MSG_NULL(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), "invoke");
1172   }
1173   methodHandle method(THREAD, m);
1174 
1175   // Make sure klass gets initialize
1176   klass->initialize(CHECK_NULL);
1177 
1178   // Create new instance (the receiver)
1179   klass->check_valid_for_instantiation(false, CHECK_NULL);
1180   Handle receiver = klass->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK_NULL);
1181 
1182   // Ignore result from call and return receiver
1183   invoke(klass, method, receiver, override, ptypes, T_VOID, args, false, CHECK_NULL);
1184   return receiver();
1185 }