1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2021, Azul Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   5  *
   6  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   7  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   9  *
  10  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14  * accompanied this code).
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19  *
  20  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22  * questions.
  23  *
  24  */
  25 
  26 #include "cds/aotLinkedClassBulkLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/heapShared.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/javaThreadStatus.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
  39 #include "compiler/compilerThread.hpp"
  40 #include "compiler/compileTask.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/barrierSet.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shared/barrierSetNMethod.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shared/oopStorage.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
  47 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  48 #include "jvm.h"
  49 #include "jvmtifiles/jvmtiEnv.hpp"
  50 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  51 #include "logging/logAsyncWriter.hpp"
  52 #include "logging/logConfiguration.hpp"
  53 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "memory/iterator.hpp"
  55 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  56 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  57 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  58 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/symbol.hpp"
  63 #include "prims/jvm_misc.hpp"
  64 #include "prims/jvmtiAgentList.hpp"
  65 #include "prims/jvmtiEnvBase.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "runtime/jniPeriodicChecker.hpp"
  78 #include "runtime/lockStack.inline.hpp"
  79 #include "runtime/monitorDeflationThread.hpp"
  80 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  81 #include "runtime/nonJavaThread.hpp"
  82 #include "runtime/objectMonitor.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
  84 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  85 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  86 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.inline.hpp"
  87 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  88 #include "runtime/serviceThread.hpp"
  89 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.inline.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/stubCodeGenerator.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/threadSMR.inline.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/trimNativeHeap.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
 100 #include "sanitizers/address.hpp"
 101 #include "services/attachListener.hpp"
 102 #include "services/management.hpp"
 103 #include "services/threadIdTable.hpp"
 104 #include "services/threadService.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
 106 #include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
 107 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 108 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 109 #include "utilities/vmError.hpp"
 110 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 111 #include "jvmci/jvmci.hpp"
 112 #include "jvmci/jvmciEnv.hpp"
 113 #endif
 114 #ifdef COMPILER2
 115 #include "opto/idealGraphPrinter.hpp"
 116 #include "runtime/hotCodeCollector.hpp"
 117 #endif
 118 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 119 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
 120 #endif
 121 
 122 // Initialization after module runtime initialization
 123 void universe_post_module_init();  // must happen after call_initPhase2
 124 
 125 
 126 static void initialize_class(Symbol* class_name, TRAPS) {
 127   Klass* klass = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(class_name, true, CHECK);
 128   InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
 129 }
 130 
 131 
 132 // Creates the initial ThreadGroup
 133 static Handle create_initial_thread_group(TRAPS) {
 134   Handle system_instance = JavaCalls::construct_new_instance(
 135                             vmClasses::ThreadGroup_klass(),
 136                             vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 137                             CHECK_NH);
 138   Universe::set_system_thread_group(system_instance());
 139 
 140   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str("main", CHECK_NH);
 141   Handle main_instance = JavaCalls::construct_new_instance(
 142                             vmClasses::ThreadGroup_klass(),
 143                             vmSymbols::threadgroup_string_void_signature(),
 144                             system_instance,
 145                             string,
 146                             CHECK_NH);
 147   return main_instance;
 148 }
 149 
 150 // Creates the initial Thread, and sets it to running.
 151 static void create_initial_thread(Handle thread_group, JavaThread* thread,
 152                                  TRAPS) {
 153   InstanceKlass* ik = vmClasses::Thread_klass();
 154   assert(ik->is_initialized(), "must be");
 155   instanceHandle thread_oop = ik->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK);
 156 
 157   // Cannot use JavaCalls::construct_new_instance because the java.lang.Thread
 158   // constructor calls Thread.current(), which must be set here for the
 159   // initial thread.
 160   java_lang_Thread::set_thread(thread_oop(), thread);
 161   thread->set_threadOopHandles(thread_oop());
 162 
 163   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str("main", CHECK);
 164 
 165   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 166   JavaCalls::call_special(&result, thread_oop,
 167                           ik,
 168                           vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(),
 169                           vmSymbols::threadgroup_string_void_signature(),
 170                           thread_group,
 171                           string,
 172                           CHECK);
 173 
 174   DEBUG_ONLY(int64_t main_thread_tid = java_lang_Thread::thread_id(thread_oop());)
 175   assert(main_thread_tid == ThreadIdentifier::initial(), "");
 176   assert(main_thread_tid == thread->monitor_owner_id(), "");
 177   JFR_ONLY(assert(JFR_JVM_THREAD_ID(thread) == static_cast<traceid>(main_thread_tid), "initial tid mismatch");)
 178 
 179   // Set thread status to running since main thread has
 180   // been started and running.
 181   java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(thread_oop(),
 182                                       JavaThreadStatus::RUNNABLE);
 183 }
 184 
 185 // Extract version and vendor specific information from
 186 // java.lang.VersionProps fields.
 187 // Returned char* is allocated in the thread's resource area
 188 // so must be copied for permanency.
 189 static const char* get_java_version_info(InstanceKlass* ik,
 190                                          Symbol* field_name) {
 191   fieldDescriptor fd;
 192   bool found = ik != nullptr &&
 193                ik->find_local_field(field_name,
 194                                     vmSymbols::string_signature(), &fd);
 195   if (found) {
 196     oop name_oop = ik->java_mirror()->obj_field(fd.offset());
 197     if (name_oop == nullptr) {
 198       return nullptr;
 199     }
 200     const char* name = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(name_oop);
 201     return name;
 202   } else {
 203     return nullptr;
 204   }
 205 }
 206 
 207 // ======= Threads ========
 208 
 209 // The Threads class links together all active threads, and provides
 210 // operations over all threads. It is protected by the Threads_lock,
 211 // which is also used in other global contexts like safepointing.
 212 // ThreadsListHandles are used to safely perform operations on one
 213 // or more threads without the risk of the thread exiting during the
 214 // operation.
 215 //
 216 // Note: The Threads_lock is currently more widely used than we
 217 // would like. We are actively migrating Threads_lock uses to other
 218 // mechanisms in order to reduce Threads_lock contention.
 219 
 220 int         Threads::_number_of_threads = 0;
 221 int         Threads::_number_of_non_daemon_threads = 0;
 222 int         Threads::_return_code = 0;
 223 uintx       Threads::_thread_claim_token = 1; // Never zero.
 224 
 225 #ifdef ASSERT
 226 bool        Threads::_vm_complete = false;
 227 #endif
 228 
 229 // General purpose hook into Java code, run once when the VM is initialized.
 230 // The Java library method itself may be changed independently from the VM.
 231 static void call_postVMInitHook(TRAPS) {
 232   Klass* klass = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PostVMInitHook(), THREAD);
 233   if (klass != nullptr) {
 234     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 235     JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::run_method_name(),
 236                            vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 237                            CHECK);
 238   }
 239 }
 240 
 241 // All NonJavaThreads (i.e., every non-JavaThread in the system).
 242 void Threads::non_java_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) {
 243   NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 244   for (NonJavaThread::Iterator njti; !njti.end(); njti.step()) {
 245     tc->do_thread(njti.current());
 246   }
 247 }
 248 
 249 // All JavaThreads
 250 #define ALL_JAVA_THREADS(X) \
 251   for (JavaThread* X : *ThreadsSMRSupport::get_java_thread_list())
 252 
 253 // All JavaThreads
 254 void Threads::java_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) {
 255   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Threads_lock);
 256   // ALL_JAVA_THREADS iterates through all JavaThreads.
 257   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
 258     tc->do_thread(p);
 259   }
 260 }
 261 
 262 // All JavaThreads + all non-JavaThreads (i.e., every thread in the system).
 263 void Threads::threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) {
 264   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Threads_lock);
 265   java_threads_do(tc);
 266   non_java_threads_do(tc);
 267 }
 268 
 269 void Threads::possibly_parallel_threads_do(bool is_par, ThreadClosure* tc) {
 270   assert_at_safepoint();
 271 
 272   uintx claim_token = Threads::thread_claim_token();
 273   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
 274     if (p->claim_threads_do(is_par, claim_token)) {
 275       tc->do_thread(p);
 276     }
 277   }
 278   for (NonJavaThread::Iterator njti; !njti.end(); njti.step()) {
 279     Thread* current = njti.current();
 280     if (current->claim_threads_do(is_par, claim_token)) {
 281       tc->do_thread(current);
 282     }
 283   }
 284 }
 285 
 286 // The system initialization in the library has three phases.
 287 //
 288 // Phase 1: java.lang.System class initialization
 289 //     java.lang.System is a primordial class loaded and initialized
 290 //     by the VM early during startup.  java.lang.System.<clinit>
 291 //     only does registerNatives and keeps the rest of the class
 292 //     initialization work later until thread initialization completes.
 293 //
 294 //     System.initPhase1 initializes the system properties, the static
 295 //     fields in, out, and err. Set up java signal handlers, OS-specific
 296 //     system settings, and thread group of the main thread.
 297 static void call_initPhase1(TRAPS) {
 298   Klass* klass = vmClasses::System_klass();
 299   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 300   JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::initPhase1_name(),
 301                                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), CHECK);
 302 }
 303 
 304 // Phase 2. Module system initialization
 305 //     This will initialize the module system.  Only java.base classes
 306 //     can be loaded until phase 2 completes.
 307 //
 308 //     Call System.initPhase2 after the compiler initialization and jsr292
 309 //     classes get initialized because module initialization runs a lot of java
 310 //     code, that for performance reasons, should be compiled.  Also, this will
 311 //     enable the startup code to use lambda and other language features in this
 312 //     phase and onward.
 313 //
 314 //     After phase 2, The VM will begin search classes from -Xbootclasspath/a.
 315 static void call_initPhase2(TRAPS) {
 316   TraceTime timer("Initialize module system", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 317 
 318   Klass* klass = vmClasses::System_klass();
 319 
 320   JavaValue result(T_INT);
 321   JavaCallArguments args;
 322   args.push_int(DisplayVMOutputToStderr);
 323   args.push_int(log_is_enabled(Debug, init)); // print stack trace if exception thrown
 324   JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::initPhase2_name(),
 325                                          vmSymbols::boolean_boolean_int_signature(), &args, CHECK);
 326   if (result.get_jint() != JNI_OK) {
 327     vm_exit_during_initialization(); // no message or exception
 328   }
 329 
 330   universe_post_module_init();
 331 }
 332 
 333 // Phase 3. final setup - set security manager, system class loader and TCCL
 334 //
 335 //     This will instantiate and set the security manager, set the system class
 336 //     loader as well as the thread context class loader.  The security manager
 337 //     and system class loader may be a custom class loaded from -Xbootclasspath/a,
 338 //     other modules or the application's classpath.
 339 static void call_initPhase3(TRAPS) {
 340   Klass* klass = vmClasses::System_klass();
 341   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 342   JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::initPhase3_name(),
 343                                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), CHECK);
 344 }
 345 
 346 void Threads::initialize_java_lang_classes(JavaThread* main_thread, TRAPS) {
 347   TraceTime timer("Initialize java.lang classes", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 348 
 349   // This is before the execution of the very first Java bytecode.
 350   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 351     AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::link_classes(THREAD);
 352   }
 353 
 354   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_String(), CHECK);
 355 
 356   // Inject CompactStrings value after the static initializers for String ran.
 357   java_lang_String::set_compact_strings(CompactStrings);
 358 
 359   // Initialize java_lang.System (needed before creating the thread)
 360   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_System(), CHECK);
 361   // The VM creates & returns objects of this class. Make sure it's initialized.
 362   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_Class(), CHECK);
 363 
 364   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ThreadGroup(), CHECK);
 365   Handle thread_group = create_initial_thread_group(CHECK);
 366   Universe::set_main_thread_group(thread_group());
 367   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_Thread(), CHECK);
 368   create_initial_thread(thread_group, main_thread, CHECK);
 369 
 370   HeapShared::init_box_classes(CHECK);
 371 
 372   // The VM creates objects of this class.
 373   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_Module(), CHECK);
 374 
 375 #ifdef ASSERT
 376   InstanceKlass *k = vmClasses::UnsafeConstants_klass();
 377   assert(k->is_not_initialized(), "UnsafeConstants should not already be initialized");
 378 #endif
 379 
 380   // initialize the hardware-specific constants needed by Unsafe
 381   initialize_class(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_misc_UnsafeConstants(), CHECK);
 382   jdk_internal_misc_UnsafeConstants::set_unsafe_constants();
 383 
 384   // The VM preresolves methods to these classes. Make sure that they get initialized
 385   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Method(), CHECK);
 386   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ref_Finalizer(), CHECK);
 387 
 388   HeapShared::materialize_thread_object();
 389 
 390   // Phase 1 of the system initialization in the library, java.lang.System class initialization
 391   call_initPhase1(CHECK);
 392 
 393   // Get the Java runtime name, version, and vendor info after java.lang.System is initialized.
 394   // Some values are actually configure-time constants but some can be set via the jlink tool and
 395   // so must be read dynamically. We treat them all the same.
 396   InstanceKlass* ik = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(THREAD, vmSymbols::java_lang_VersionProps(),
 397                                                             Handle());
 398   {
 399     ResourceMark rm(main_thread);
 400     JDK_Version::set_java_version(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_version_name()));
 401 
 402     JDK_Version::set_runtime_name(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_name_name()));
 403 
 404     JDK_Version::set_runtime_version(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_version_name()));
 405 
 406     JDK_Version::set_runtime_vendor_version(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_vendor_version_name()));
 407 
 408     JDK_Version::set_runtime_vendor_vm_bug_url(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_vendor_vm_bug_url_name()));
 409   }
 410 
 411   // an instance of OutOfMemory exception has been allocated earlier
 412   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), CHECK);
 413   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), CHECK);
 414   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException(), CHECK);
 415   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException(), CHECK);
 416   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), CHECK);
 417   initialize_class(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PreemptedException(), CHECK);
 418   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), CHECK);
 419   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_StackOverflowError(), CHECK);
 420   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalMonitorStateException(), CHECK);
 421   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_IdentityException(), CHECK);
 422   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), CHECK);
 423   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), CHECK);
 424 }
 425 
 426 void Threads::initialize_jsr292_core_classes(TRAPS) {
 427   TraceTime timer("Initialize java.lang.invoke classes", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 428 
 429   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle(), CHECK);
 430   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName(), CHECK);
 431   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MemberName(), CHECK);
 432   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandleNatives(), CHECK);
 433 
 434   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 435     HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(CHECK);
 436   }
 437 }
 438 
 439 // One-shot PeriodicTask subclass for reading the release file
 440 class ReadReleaseFileTask : public PeriodicTask {
 441  public:
 442   ReadReleaseFileTask() : PeriodicTask(100) {}
 443 
 444   virtual void task() {
 445     os::read_image_release_file();
 446 
 447     // Reclaim our storage and disenroll ourself.
 448     delete this;
 449   }
 450 };
 451 
 452 jint Threads::create_vm(JavaVMInitArgs* args, bool* canTryAgain) {
 453   extern void JDK_Version_init();
 454 
 455   // Preinitialize version info.
 456   VM_Version::early_initialize();
 457 
 458   // Check version
 459   if (!is_supported_jni_version(args->version)) return JNI_EVERSION;
 460 
 461   // Deferred "static" initialization
 462   NonJavaThread::init();
 463 
 464   // Initialize library-based TLS
 465   ThreadLocalStorage::init();
 466 
 467   // Initialize the output stream module
 468   ostream_init();
 469 
 470   // Process java launcher properties.
 471   Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(args);
 472 
 473   // Initialize the os module
 474   os::init();
 475 
 476   // Initialize memory pools
 477   Arena::initialize_chunk_pool();
 478 
 479   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(os::current_thread_enable_wx(WXWrite));
 480 
 481   // Record VM creation timing statistics
 482   TraceVmCreationTime create_vm_timer;
 483   create_vm_timer.start();
 484 
 485   // Initialize system properties.
 486   Arguments::init_system_properties();
 487 
 488   // So that JDK version can be used as a discriminator when parsing arguments
 489   JDK_Version_init();
 490 
 491   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 492   Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties();
 493 
 494   // Make sure to initialize log configuration *before* parsing arguments
 495   LogConfiguration::initialize(create_vm_timer.begin_time());
 496 
 497   // Parse arguments
 498   // Note: this internally calls os::init_container_support()
 499   jint parse_result = Arguments::parse(args);
 500   if (parse_result != JNI_OK) return parse_result;
 501 
 502   // Initialize NMT right after argument parsing to keep the pre-NMT-init window small.
 503   MemTracker::initialize();
 504 
 505   os::init_before_ergo();
 506 
 507   jint ergo_result = Arguments::apply_ergo();
 508   if (ergo_result != JNI_OK) return ergo_result;
 509 
 510   // Final check of all ranges after ergonomics which may change values.
 511   if (!JVMFlagLimit::check_all_ranges()) {
 512     return JNI_EINVAL;
 513   }
 514 
 515   // Final check of all 'AfterErgo' constraints after ergonomics which may change values.
 516   bool constraint_result = JVMFlagLimit::check_all_constraints(JVMFlagConstraintPhase::AfterErgo);
 517   if (!constraint_result) {
 518     return JNI_EINVAL;
 519   }
 520 
 521   if (PauseAtStartup) {
 522     os::pause();
 523   }
 524 
 525   HOTSPOT_VM_INIT_BEGIN();
 526 
 527   // Timing (must come after argument parsing)
 528   TraceTime timer("Create VM", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 529 
 530   // Initialize the os module after parsing the args
 531   jint os_init_2_result = os::init_2();
 532   if (os_init_2_result != JNI_OK) return os_init_2_result;
 533 
 534 #ifdef CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
 535   // Initialize assert poison page mechanism.
 536   if (ShowRegistersOnAssert) {
 537     initialize_assert_poison();
 538   }
 539 #endif // CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
 540 
 541   SafepointMechanism::initialize();
 542 
 543   jint adjust_after_os_result = Arguments::adjust_after_os();
 544   if (adjust_after_os_result != JNI_OK) return adjust_after_os_result;
 545 
 546   // Initialize output stream logging
 547   ostream_init_log();
 548 
 549   // Launch -agentlib/-agentpath and converted -Xrun agents
 550   JvmtiAgentList::load_agents();
 551 
 552   // Initialize Threads state
 553   _number_of_threads = 0;
 554   _number_of_non_daemon_threads = 0;
 555 
 556   // Initialize global data structures and create system classes in heap
 557   vm_init_globals();
 558 
 559 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 560   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
 561     JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jlong, JVMCICounterSize, mtJVMCI);
 562     memset(JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters, 0, sizeof(jlong) * JVMCICounterSize);
 563   } else {
 564     JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters = nullptr;
 565   }
 566 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 567 
 568   // Initialize OopStorage for threadObj
 569   JavaThread::_thread_oop_storage = OopStorageSet::create_strong("Thread OopStorage", mtThread);
 570 
 571   // Attach the main thread to this os thread. It is added to the threads list inside
 572   // universe_init(), within init_globals().
 573   JavaThread* main_thread = new JavaThread();
 574   main_thread->set_thread_state(_thread_in_vm);
 575   main_thread->initialize_thread_current();
 576   // Once mutexes and main_thread are ready, we can use NmtVirtualMemoryLocker.
 577   MemTracker::NmtVirtualMemoryLocker::set_safe_to_use();
 578   // must do this before set_active_handles
 579   main_thread->record_stack_base_and_size();
 580   main_thread->register_thread_stack_with_NMT();
 581   main_thread->set_active_handles(JNIHandleBlock::allocate_block());
 582   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(main_thread->init_wx());
 583 
 584   // Set the _monitor_owner_id now since we will run Java code before the Thread instance
 585   // is even created. The same value will be assigned to the Thread instance on init.
 586   const int64_t main_thread_tid = ThreadIdentifier::next();
 587   guarantee(main_thread_tid == 3, "Must equal the PRIMORDIAL_TID used in Threads.java");
 588   main_thread->set_monitor_owner_id(main_thread_tid);
 589 
 590   if (!Thread::set_as_starting_thread(main_thread)) {
 591     vm_shutdown_during_initialization(
 592                                       "Failed necessary internal allocation. Out of swap space");
 593     main_thread->smr_delete();
 594     *canTryAgain = false; // don't let caller call JNI_CreateJavaVM again
 595     return JNI_ENOMEM;
 596   }
 597 
 598   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::initialize_main_thread(main_thread);)
 599 
 600   // Enable guard page *after* os::create_main_thread(), otherwise it would
 601   // crash Linux VM, see notes in os_linux.cpp.
 602   main_thread->stack_overflow_state()->create_stack_guard_pages();
 603 
 604   // Initialize Java-Level synchronization subsystem
 605   ObjectMonitor::Initialize();
 606   ObjectSynchronizer::initialize();
 607 
 608   // Initialize global modules
 609   jint status = init_globals();
 610   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 611     main_thread->smr_delete();
 612     *canTryAgain = false; // don't let caller call JNI_CreateJavaVM again
 613     return status;
 614   }
 615 
 616   // Have the WatcherThread read the release file in the background.
 617   ReadReleaseFileTask* read_task = new ReadReleaseFileTask();
 618   read_task->enroll();
 619 
 620   // Create WatcherThread as soon as we can since we need it in case
 621   // of hangs during error reporting.
 622   WatcherThread::start();
 623 
 624   status = init_globals2();
 625   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 626     Threads::remove(main_thread, false);
 627     // It is possible that we managed to fully initialize Universe but have then
 628     // failed by throwing an exception. In that case our caller JNI_CreateJavaVM
 629     // will want to report it, so we can't delete the main thread.
 630     if (!main_thread->has_pending_exception()) {
 631       main_thread->smr_delete();
 632     }
 633     *canTryAgain = false; // don't let caller call JNI_CreateJavaVM again
 634     return status;
 635   }
 636 
 637   ObjectMonitor::Initialize2();
 638 
 639   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_create_vm_1();)
 640 
 641   // Should be done after the heap is fully created
 642   main_thread->cache_global_variables();
 643 
 644   // Any JVMTI raw monitors entered in onload will transition into
 645   // real raw monitor. VM is setup enough here for raw monitor enter.
 646   JvmtiExport::transition_pending_onload_raw_monitors();
 647 
 648   // Create the VMThread
 649   { TraceTime timer("Start VMThread", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 650 
 651     VMThread::create();
 652     VMThread* vmthread = VMThread::vm_thread();
 653 
 654     if (!os::create_thread(vmthread, os::vm_thread)) {
 655       vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot create VM thread. "
 656                                     "Out of system resources.");
 657     }
 658 
 659     // Wait for the VM thread to become ready, and VMThread::run to initialize
 660     // Monitors can have spurious returns, must always check another state flag
 661     {
 662       MonitorLocker ml(Notify_lock);
 663       os::start_thread(vmthread);
 664       while (!vmthread->is_running()) {
 665         ml.wait();
 666       }
 667     }
 668   }
 669 
 670   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "not initialized");
 671   if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
 672     // Make sure we're starting with a clean slate.
 673     VM_Verify verify_op;
 674     VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
 675   }
 676 
 677   // We need this to update the java.vm.info property in case any flags used
 678   // to initially define it have been changed. This is needed for both CDS
 679   // since UseSharedSpaces may be changed after java.vm.info
 680   // is initially computed. See Abstract_VM_Version::vm_info_string().
 681   // This update must happen before we initialize the java classes, but
 682   // after any initialization logic that might modify the flags.
 683   Arguments::update_vm_info_property(VM_Version::vm_info_string());
 684 
 685   JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::current(); // For exception macros.
 686   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 687 
 688   // Always call even when there are not JVMTI environments yet, since environments
 689   // may be attached late and JVMTI must track phases of VM execution
 690   JvmtiExport::enter_early_start_phase();
 691 
 692   // Notify JVMTI agents that VM has started (JNI is up) - nop if no agents.
 693   JvmtiExport::post_early_vm_start();
 694 
 695   // Launch -Xrun agents early if EagerXrunInit is set
 696   if (EagerXrunInit) {
 697     JvmtiAgentList::load_xrun_agents();
 698   }
 699 
 700   initialize_java_lang_classes(main_thread, CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 701 
 702   quicken_jni_functions();
 703 
 704   // No more stub generation allowed after that point.
 705   StubCodeDesc::freeze();
 706 
 707   // Prepare AOT heap loader for GC.
 708   HeapShared::enable_gc();
 709 
 710 #ifdef ADDRESS_SANITIZER
 711   Asan::initialize();
 712 #endif
 713 
 714   // Set flag that basic initialization has completed. Used by exceptions and various
 715   // debug stuff, that does not work until all basic classes have been initialized.
 716   set_init_completed();
 717 
 718   LogConfiguration::post_initialize();
 719   Metaspace::post_initialize();
 720   MutexLockerImpl::post_initialize();
 721 
 722   HOTSPOT_VM_INIT_END();
 723 
 724   // record VM initialization completion time
 725 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 726   Management::record_vm_init_completed();
 727 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 728 
 729   log_info(os)("Initialized VM with process ID %d", os::current_process_id());
 730 
 731   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CreateCoredumpOnCrash) && CreateCoredumpOnCrash) {
 732     char buffer[2*JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
 733     os::check_core_dump_prerequisites(buffer, sizeof(buffer), true);
 734   }
 735 
 736   // Signal Dispatcher needs to be started before VMInit event is posted
 737   os::initialize_jdk_signal_support(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 738 
 739   // Start Attach Listener if +StartAttachListener or it can't be started lazily
 740   if (!DisableAttachMechanism) {
 741     AttachListener::vm_start();
 742     if (StartAttachListener || AttachListener::init_at_startup()) {
 743       AttachListener::init();
 744     }
 745   }
 746 
 747   // Launch -Xrun agents if EagerXrunInit is not set.
 748   if (!EagerXrunInit) {
 749     JvmtiAgentList::load_xrun_agents();
 750   }
 751 
 752   Arena::start_chunk_pool_cleaner_task();
 753 
 754   // Start the service thread
 755   // The service thread enqueues JVMTI deferred events and does various hashtable
 756   // and other cleanups.  Needs to start before the compilers start posting events.
 757   ServiceThread::initialize();
 758 
 759   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 760     nmethod::post_delayed_compiled_method_load_events();
 761   }
 762 
 763   // Start the monitor deflation thread:
 764   MonitorDeflationThread::initialize();
 765 
 766   // initialize compiler(s)
 767 #if defined(COMPILER1) || COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
 768   bool init_compilation = true;
 769 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 770   bool force_JVMCI_initialization = false;
 771   if (EnableJVMCI) {
 772     // Initialize JVMCI eagerly when it is explicitly requested.
 773     // Or when JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig or JVMCIPrintProperties is enabled.
 774     force_JVMCI_initialization = EagerJVMCI || JVMCIPrintProperties || JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig;
 775     if (!force_JVMCI_initialization && UseJVMCICompiler && !UseJVMCINativeLibrary && (!UseInterpreter || !BackgroundCompilation)) {
 776       // Force initialization of jarjvmci otherwise requests for blocking
 777       // compilations will not actually block until jarjvmci is initialized.
 778       force_JVMCI_initialization = true;
 779     }
 780     if (JVMCIPrintProperties || JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig) {
 781       // Both JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig and JVMCIPrintProperties exit the VM
 782       // so compilation should be disabled. This prevents dumping or
 783       // printing from happening more than once.
 784       init_compilation = false;
 785     }
 786   }
 787 #endif
 788   if (init_compilation) {
 789     CompileBroker::compilation_init(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 790   }
 791 #endif
 792 
 793   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 794     SystemDictionary::restore_archived_method_handle_intrinsics();
 795     AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::init_javabase_classes(THREAD);
 796   }
 797 
 798   // Start string deduplication thread if requested.
 799   if (StringDedup::is_enabled()) {
 800     StringDedup::start();
 801   }
 802 
 803 #ifdef COMPILER2
 804   if (HotCodeHeap) {
 805     HotCodeCollector::initialize();
 806   }
 807 #endif // COMPILER2
 808 
 809   // Pre-initialize some JSR292 core classes to avoid deadlock during class loading.
 810   // It is done after compilers are initialized, because otherwise compilations of
 811   // signature polymorphic MH intrinsics can be missed
 812   // (see SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_intrinsic).
 813   initialize_jsr292_core_classes(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 814 
 815   // This will initialize the module system.  Only java.base classes can be
 816   // loaded until phase 2 completes
 817   call_initPhase2(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 818 
 819   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 820     AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::init_non_javabase_classes(THREAD);
 821   }
 822 #ifndef PRODUCT
 823   HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(THREAD);
 824 #endif
 825 
 826   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_create_vm_2();)
 827 
 828   // Always call even when there are not JVMTI environments yet, since environments
 829   // may be attached late and JVMTI must track phases of VM execution
 830   JvmtiExport::enter_start_phase();
 831 
 832   // Notify JVMTI agents that VM has started (JNI is up) - nop if no agents.
 833   JvmtiExport::post_vm_start();
 834 
 835   // Final system initialization including security manager and system class loader
 836   call_initPhase3(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 837 
 838   // cache the system and platform class loaders
 839   SystemDictionary::compute_java_loaders(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 840 
 841   // Initiate replay training processing once preloading is over.
 842   CompileBroker::init_training_replay();
 843 
 844   AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::replay_training_at_init_for_preloaded_classes(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 845 
 846   if (Continuations::enabled()) {
 847     // Initialize Continuation class now so that failure to create enterSpecial/doYield
 848     // special nmethods due to limited CodeCache size can be treated as a fatal error at
 849     // startup with the proper message that CodeCache size is too small.
 850     initialize_class(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_Continuation(), CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 851   }
 852 
 853   if (NativeHeapTrimmer::enabled()) {
 854     NativeHeapTrimmer::initialize();
 855   }
 856 
 857   // Always call even when there are not JVMTI environments yet, since environments
 858   // may be attached late and JVMTI must track phases of VM execution
 859   JvmtiExport::enter_live_phase();
 860 
 861   // Make perfmemory accessible
 862   PerfMemory::set_accessible(true);
 863 
 864   // Notify JVMTI agents that VM initialization is complete - nop if no agents.
 865   JvmtiExport::post_vm_initialized();
 866 
 867 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 868   if (force_JVMCI_initialization) {
 869     JVMCI::initialize_compiler_in_create_vm(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 870   }
 871 #endif
 872 
 873   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_create_vm_3();)
 874 
 875 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 876   bool start_agent = true;
 877 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 878   start_agent = !CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive();
 879   if (!start_agent) {
 880     log_info(aot)("Not starting management agent during creation of AOT cache.");
 881   }
 882 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
 883   if (start_agent) {
 884     Management::initialize(THREAD);
 885 
 886     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 887       // management agent fails to start possibly due to
 888       // configuration problem and is responsible for printing
 889       // stack trace if appropriate. Simply exit VM.
 890       vm_exit(1);
 891     }
 892   }
 893 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 894 
 895   if (UsePerfData)         PerfDataManager::create_misc_perfdata();
 896   if (CheckJNICalls)                  JniPeriodicChecker::engage();
 897 
 898   call_postVMInitHook(THREAD);
 899   // The Java side of PostVMInitHook.run must deal with all
 900   // exceptions and provide means of diagnosis.
 901   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 902     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 903   }
 904 
 905   // Let WatcherThread run all registered periodic tasks now.
 906   // NOTE:  All PeriodicTasks should be registered by now. If they
 907   //   aren't, late joiners might appear to start slowly (we might
 908   //   take a while to process their first tick).
 909   WatcherThread::run_all_tasks();
 910 
 911   // Finish materializing AOT objects
 912   HeapShared::finish_materialize_objects();
 913 
 914   create_vm_timer.end();
 915 #ifdef ASSERT
 916   _vm_complete = true;
 917 #endif
 918 
 919   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_classic_static_archive()) {
 920     // Classic -Xshare:dump, aka "old workflow"
 921     AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 922   } else if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 923     tty->print_cr("Reading AOTConfiguration %s and writing AOTCache %s", AOTConfiguration, AOTCache);
 924     AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 925   }
 926 
 927   if (log_is_enabled(Info, perf, class, link)) {
 928     LogStreamHandle(Info, perf, class, link) log;
 929     log.print_cr("At VM initialization completion:");
 930     ClassLoader::print_counters(&log);
 931   }
 932 
 933   return JNI_OK;
 934 }
 935 
 936 // Threads::destroy_vm() is normally called from jni_DestroyJavaVM() when
 937 // the program falls off the end of main(). Another VM exit path is through
 938 // vm_exit(), when the program calls System.exit() to return a value, or when
 939 // there is a serious error in VM.
 940 // These two separate shutdown paths are not exactly the same, but they share
 941 // Shutdown.shutdown() at Java level and before_exit() and VM_Exit op at VM level.
 942 //
 943 // Shutdown sequence:
 944 //   + Shutdown native memory tracking if it is on
 945 //   + Wait until we are the last non-daemon thread to execute
 946 //     <-- every thing is still working at this moment -->
 947 //   + Call java.lang.Shutdown.shutdown(), which will invoke Java level
 948 //        shutdown hooks
 949 //   + Call before_exit(), prepare for VM exit
 950 //      > run VM level shutdown hooks (they are registered through JVM_OnExit(),
 951 //        currently the only user of this mechanism is File.deleteOnExit())
 952 //      > stop watcher thread,
 953 //        post thread end and vm death events to JVMTI,
 954 //        stop signal thread
 955 //   + Call JavaThread::exit(), it will:
 956 //      > release JNI handle blocks, remove stack guard pages
 957 //      > remove this thread from Threads list
 958 //     <-- no more Java code from this thread after this point -->
 959 //   + Stop VM thread, it will bring the remaining VM to a safepoint and stop
 960 //     the compiler threads at safepoint
 961 //     <-- do not use anything that could get blocked by Safepoint -->
 962 //   + Disable tracing at JNI/JVM barriers
 963 //   + Set _vm_exited flag for threads that are still running native code
 964 //   + Call exit_globals()
 965 //      > deletes tty
 966 //      > deletes PerfMemory resources
 967 //   + Delete this thread
 968 //   + Return to caller
 969 
 970 void Threads::destroy_vm() {
 971   JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::current();
 972 
 973 #ifdef ASSERT
 974   _vm_complete = false;
 975 #endif
 976   // Wait until we are the last non-daemon thread to execute, or
 977   // if we are a daemon then wait until the last non-daemon thread has
 978   // executed.
 979   bool daemon = java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(thread->threadObj());
 980   int expected = daemon ? 0 : 1;
 981   {
 982     MonitorLocker nu(Threads_lock);
 983     while (Threads::number_of_non_daemon_threads() > expected)
 984       // This wait should make safepoint checks, wait without a timeout.
 985       nu.wait(0);
 986   }
 987 
 988   EventShutdown e;
 989   if (e.should_commit()) {
 990     e.set_reason("No remaining non-daemon Java threads");
 991     e.commit();
 992   }
 993 
 994   // Hang forever on exit if we are reporting an error.
 995   if (ShowMessageBoxOnError && VMError::is_error_reported()) {
 996     os::infinite_sleep();
 997   }
 998   os::wait_for_keypress_at_exit();
 999 
1000   // run Java level shutdown hooks
1001   thread->invoke_shutdown_hooks();
1002 
1003   before_exit(thread);
1004 
1005   thread->exit(true);
1006 
1007   // We are no longer on the main thread list but could still be in a
1008   // secondary list where another thread may try to interact with us.
1009   // So wait until all such interactions are complete before we bring
1010   // the VM to the termination safepoint. Normally this would be done
1011   // using thread->smr_delete() below where we delete the thread, but
1012   // we can't call that after the termination safepoint is active as
1013   // we will deadlock on the Threads_lock. Once all interactions are
1014   // complete it is safe to directly delete the thread at any time.
1015   ThreadsSMRSupport::wait_until_not_protected(thread);
1016 
1017   // Stop VM thread.
1018   {
1019     // 4945125 The vm thread comes to a safepoint during exit.
1020     // GC vm_operations can get caught at the safepoint, and the
1021     // heap is unparseable if they are caught. Grab the Heap_lock
1022     // to prevent this. The GC vm_operations will not be able to
1023     // queue until after the vm thread is dead. After this point,
1024     // we'll never emerge out of the safepoint before the VM exits.
1025     // Assert that the thread is terminated so that acquiring the
1026     // Heap_lock doesn't cause the terminated thread to participate in
1027     // the safepoint protocol.
1028 
1029     assert(thread->is_terminated(), "must be terminated here");
1030     MutexLocker ml(Heap_lock);
1031 
1032     VMThread::wait_for_vm_thread_exit();
1033     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "VM thread should exit at Safepoint");
1034     VMThread::destroy();
1035   }
1036 
1037   // Now, all Java threads are gone except daemon threads. Daemon threads
1038   // running Java code or in VM are stopped by the Safepoint. However,
1039   // daemon threads executing native code are still running.  But they
1040   // will be stopped at native=>Java/VM barriers. Note that we can't
1041   // simply kill or suspend them, as it is inherently deadlock-prone.
1042 
1043   VM_Exit::set_vm_exited();
1044 
1045   // Clean up ideal graph printers after the VMThread has started
1046   // the final safepoint which will block all the Compiler threads.
1047   // Note that this Thread has already logically exited so the
1048   // clean_up() function's use of a JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle
1049   // would be a problem except set_vm_exited() has remembered the
1050   // shutdown thread which is granted a policy exception.
1051 #if defined(COMPILER2) && !defined(PRODUCT)
1052   IdealGraphPrinter::clean_up();
1053 #endif
1054 
1055   notify_vm_shutdown();
1056 
1057   // exit_globals() will delete tty
1058   exit_globals();
1059 
1060   // Deleting the shutdown thread here is safe. See comment on
1061   // wait_until_not_protected() above.
1062   delete thread;
1063 
1064 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1065   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
1066     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jlong, JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters);
1067   }
1068 #endif
1069 
1070   LogConfiguration::finalize();
1071 }
1072 
1073 
1074 jboolean Threads::is_supported_jni_version_including_1_1(jint version) {
1075   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_1) return JNI_TRUE;
1076   return is_supported_jni_version(version);
1077 }
1078 
1079 
1080 jboolean Threads::is_supported_jni_version(jint version) {
1081   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_2) return JNI_TRUE;
1082   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_4) return JNI_TRUE;
1083   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_6) return JNI_TRUE;
1084   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_8) return JNI_TRUE;
1085   if (version == JNI_VERSION_9) return JNI_TRUE;
1086   if (version == JNI_VERSION_10) return JNI_TRUE;
1087   if (version == JNI_VERSION_19) return JNI_TRUE;
1088   if (version == JNI_VERSION_20) return JNI_TRUE;
1089   if (version == JNI_VERSION_21) return JNI_TRUE;
1090   if (version == JNI_VERSION_24) return JNI_TRUE;
1091   return JNI_FALSE;
1092 }
1093 
1094 void Threads::add(JavaThread* p, bool force_daemon) {
1095   // The threads lock must be owned at this point
1096   assert(Threads_lock->owned_by_self(), "must have threads lock");
1097   assert(p->monitor_owner_id() != 0, "should be set");
1098 
1099   BarrierSet::barrier_set()->on_thread_attach(p);
1100 
1101   // Once a JavaThread is added to the Threads list, smr_delete() has
1102   // to be used to delete it. Otherwise we can just delete it directly.
1103   p->set_on_thread_list();
1104 
1105   _number_of_threads++;
1106   oop threadObj = p->threadObj();
1107   bool daemon = true;
1108   // Bootstrapping problem: threadObj can be null for initial
1109   // JavaThread (or for threads attached via JNI)
1110   if (!force_daemon &&
1111       (threadObj == nullptr || !java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(threadObj))) {
1112     _number_of_non_daemon_threads++;
1113     daemon = false;
1114   }
1115 
1116   ThreadService::add_thread(p, daemon);
1117 
1118   // Maintain fast thread list
1119   ThreadsSMRSupport::add_thread(p);
1120 
1121   // Increase the ObjectMonitor ceiling for the new thread.
1122   ObjectSynchronizer::inc_in_use_list_ceiling();
1123 
1124   // Possible GC point.
1125   Events::log(Thread::current(), "Thread added: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(p));
1126 
1127   // Make new thread known to active EscapeBarrier
1128   EscapeBarrier::thread_added(p);
1129 }
1130 
1131 void Threads::remove(JavaThread* p, bool is_daemon) {
1132   // Extra scope needed for Thread_lock, so we can check
1133   // that we do not remove thread without safepoint code notice
1134   {
1135     ConditionalMutexLocker throttle_ml(ThreadsLockThrottle_lock, UseThreadsLockThrottleLock);
1136     MonitorLocker ml(Threads_lock);
1137 
1138     if (ThreadIdTable::is_initialized_acquire()) {
1139       // This cleanup must be done before the current thread's GC barrier
1140       // is detached since we need to touch the threadObj oop.
1141       jlong tid = SharedRuntime::get_java_tid(p);
1142       ThreadIdTable::remove_thread(tid);
1143     }
1144 
1145     // BarrierSet state must be destroyed after the last thread transition
1146     // before the thread terminates. Thread transitions result in calls to
1147     // StackWatermarkSet::on_safepoint(), which performs GC processing,
1148     // requiring the GC state to be alive.
1149     BarrierSet::barrier_set()->on_thread_detach(p);
1150     if (p->is_exiting()) {
1151       // If we got here via JavaThread::exit(), then we remember that the
1152       // thread's GC barrier has been detached. We don't do this when we get
1153       // here from another path, e.g., cleanup_failed_attach_current_thread().
1154       p->set_terminated(JavaThread::_thread_gc_barrier_detached);
1155     }
1156 
1157     assert(ThreadsSMRSupport::get_java_thread_list()->includes(p), "p must be present");
1158 
1159     // Maintain fast thread list
1160     ThreadsSMRSupport::remove_thread(p);
1161 
1162     _number_of_threads--;
1163     if (!is_daemon) {
1164       _number_of_non_daemon_threads--;
1165 
1166       // If this is the last non-daemon thread then we need to do
1167       // a notify on the Threads_lock so a thread waiting
1168       // on destroy_vm will wake up. But that thread could be a daemon
1169       // or non-daemon, so we notify for both the 0 and 1 case.
1170       if (number_of_non_daemon_threads() <= 1) {
1171         ml.notify_all();
1172       }
1173     }
1174     ThreadService::remove_thread(p, is_daemon);
1175 
1176     // Make sure that safepoint code disregard this thread. This is needed since
1177     // the thread might mess around with locks after this point. This can cause it
1178     // to do callbacks into the safepoint code. However, the safepoint code is not aware
1179     // of this thread since it is removed from the queue.
1180     p->set_terminated(JavaThread::_thread_terminated);
1181 
1182     // Notify threads waiting in EscapeBarriers
1183     EscapeBarrier::thread_removed(p);
1184   } // unlock Threads_lock and ThreadsLockThrottle_lock
1185 
1186   // Reduce the ObjectMonitor ceiling for the exiting thread.
1187   ObjectSynchronizer::dec_in_use_list_ceiling();
1188 
1189   // Since Events::log uses a lock, we grab it outside the Threads_lock
1190   Events::log(Thread::current(), "Thread exited: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(p));
1191 }
1192 
1193 // Operations on the Threads list for GC.  These are not explicitly locked,
1194 // but the garbage collector must provide a safe context for them to run.
1195 // In particular, these things should never be called when the Threads_lock
1196 // is held by some other thread. (Note: the Safepoint abstraction also
1197 // uses the Threads_lock to guarantee this property. It also makes sure that
1198 // all threads gets blocked when exiting or starting).
1199 
1200 void Threads::oops_do(OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) {
1201   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1202     p->oops_do(f, cf);
1203   }
1204   VMThread::vm_thread()->oops_do(f, cf);
1205 }
1206 
1207 void Threads::change_thread_claim_token() {
1208   if (++_thread_claim_token == 0) {
1209     // On overflow of the token counter, there is a risk of future
1210     // collisions between a new global token value and a stale token
1211     // for a thread, because not all iterations visit all threads.
1212     // (Though it's pretty much a theoretical concern for non-trivial
1213     // token counter sizes.)  To deal with the possibility, reset all
1214     // the thread tokens to zero on global token overflow.
1215     struct ResetClaims : public ThreadClosure {
1216       virtual void do_thread(Thread* t) {
1217         t->claim_threads_do(false, 0);
1218       }
1219     } reset_claims;
1220     Threads::threads_do(&reset_claims);
1221     // On overflow, update the global token to non-zero, to
1222     // avoid the special "never claimed" initial thread value.
1223     _thread_claim_token = 1;
1224   }
1225 }
1226 
1227 #ifdef ASSERT
1228 static void assert_thread_claimed(const char* kind, Thread* t, uintx expected) {
1229   const uintx token = t->threads_do_token();
1230   assert(token == expected,
1231          "%s " PTR_FORMAT " has incorrect value %zu != %zu",
1232          kind, p2i(t), token, expected);
1233 }
1234 
1235 void Threads::assert_all_threads_claimed() {
1236   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1237     assert_thread_claimed("JavaThread", p, _thread_claim_token);
1238   }
1239 
1240   struct NJTClaimedVerifierClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1241     uintx _thread_claim_token;
1242 
1243     NJTClaimedVerifierClosure(uintx thread_claim_token) : ThreadClosure(), _thread_claim_token(thread_claim_token) { }
1244 
1245     virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1246       assert_thread_claimed("Non-JavaThread", VMThread::vm_thread(), _thread_claim_token);
1247     }
1248   } tc(_thread_claim_token);
1249 
1250   non_java_threads_do(&tc);
1251 }
1252 #endif // ASSERT
1253 
1254 class ParallelOopsDoThreadClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1255 private:
1256   OopClosure* _f;
1257   NMethodClosure* _cf;
1258 public:
1259   ParallelOopsDoThreadClosure(OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) : _f(f), _cf(cf) {}
1260   void do_thread(Thread* t) {
1261     t->oops_do(_f, _cf);
1262   }
1263 };
1264 
1265 void Threads::possibly_parallel_oops_do(bool is_par, OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) {
1266   ParallelOopsDoThreadClosure tc(f, cf);
1267   possibly_parallel_threads_do(is_par, &tc);
1268 }
1269 
1270 void Threads::metadata_do(MetadataClosure* f) {
1271   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1272     p->metadata_do(f);
1273   }
1274 }
1275 
1276 class ThreadHandlesClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1277   void (*_f)(Metadata*);
1278  public:
1279   ThreadHandlesClosure(void f(Metadata*)) : _f(f) {}
1280   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1281     thread->metadata_handles_do(_f);
1282   }
1283 };
1284 
1285 void Threads::metadata_handles_do(void f(Metadata*)) {
1286   // Only walk the Handles in Thread.
1287   ThreadHandlesClosure handles_closure(f);
1288   threads_do(&handles_closure);
1289 }
1290 
1291 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
1292 // Get Java threads that are waiting to enter or re-enter the specified monitor.
1293 // Java threads that are executing mounted virtual threads are not included.
1294 GrowableArray<JavaThread*>* Threads::get_pending_threads(ThreadsList * t_list,
1295                                                          int count,
1296                                                          address monitor) {
1297   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Must be the VM thread");
1298   GrowableArray<JavaThread*>* result = new GrowableArray<JavaThread*>(count);
1299 
1300   int i = 0;
1301   for (JavaThread* p : *t_list) {
1302     if (!p->can_call_java()) continue;
1303 
1304     oop thread_oop = JvmtiEnvBase::get_vthread_or_thread_oop(p);
1305     if (thread_oop->is_a(vmClasses::BaseVirtualThread_klass())) {
1306       continue;
1307     }
1308     // The first stage of async deflation does not affect any field
1309     // used by this comparison so the ObjectMonitor* is usable here.
1310     address pending = (address)p->current_pending_monitor();
1311     address waiting = (address)p->current_waiting_monitor();
1312     // do not include virtual threads to the list
1313     jint state = JvmtiEnvBase::get_thread_state(thread_oop, p);
1314     if (pending == monitor || (waiting == monitor &&
1315         (state & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER))
1316     ) { // found a match
1317       if (i < count) result->append(p);   // save the first count matches
1318       i++;
1319     }
1320   }
1321 
1322   return result;
1323 }
1324 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMTI
1325 
1326 JavaThread* Threads::owning_thread_from_object(ThreadsList * t_list, oop obj) {
1327   for (JavaThread* q : *t_list) {
1328     // Need to start processing before accessing oops in the thread.
1329     StackWatermark* watermark = StackWatermarkSet::get(q, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
1330     if (watermark != nullptr) {
1331       watermark->start_processing();
1332     }
1333 
1334     if (q->lock_stack().contains(obj)) {
1335       return q;
1336     }
1337   }
1338   return nullptr;
1339 }
1340 
1341 JavaThread* Threads::owning_thread_from_monitor(ThreadsList* t_list, ObjectMonitor* monitor) {
1342   if (monitor->has_anonymous_owner()) {
1343     return owning_thread_from_object(t_list, monitor->object());
1344   } else {
1345     JavaThread* the_owner = nullptr;
1346     for (JavaThread* q : *t_list) {
1347       if (monitor->has_owner(q)) {
1348         the_owner = q;
1349         break;
1350       }
1351     }
1352     return the_owner;
1353   }
1354 }
1355 
1356 class PrintOnClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1357 private:
1358   outputStream* _st;
1359 
1360 public:
1361   PrintOnClosure(outputStream* st) :
1362       _st(st) {}
1363 
1364   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1365     if (thread != nullptr) {
1366       thread->print_on(_st);
1367       _st->cr();
1368     }
1369   }
1370 };
1371 
1372 // Threads::print_on() is called at safepoint by VM_PrintThreads operation.
1373 void Threads::print_on(outputStream* st, bool print_stacks,
1374                        bool internal_format, bool print_concurrent_locks,
1375                        bool print_extended_info) {
1376   char buf[32];
1377   st->print_raw_cr(os::local_time_string(buf, sizeof(buf)));
1378 
1379   st->print_cr("Full thread dump %s (%s %s)",
1380                VM_Version::vm_name(),
1381                VM_Version::vm_release(),
1382                VM_Version::vm_info_string());
1383   JDK_Version::current().to_string(buf, sizeof(buf));
1384   const char* runtime_name = JDK_Version::runtime_name() != nullptr ?
1385                              JDK_Version::runtime_name() : "";
1386   const char* runtime_version = JDK_Version::runtime_version() != nullptr ?
1387                                 JDK_Version::runtime_version() : "";
1388   const char* vendor_version = JDK_Version::runtime_vendor_version() != nullptr ?
1389                                JDK_Version::runtime_vendor_version() : "";
1390   const char* jdk_debug_level = VM_Version::printable_jdk_debug_level() != nullptr ?
1391                                 VM_Version::printable_jdk_debug_level() : "";
1392 
1393   st->print_cr("                 JDK version: %s%s%s (%s) (%sbuild %s)", runtime_name,
1394                 (*vendor_version != '\0') ? " " : "", vendor_version,
1395                 buf, jdk_debug_level, runtime_version);
1396 
1397   st->cr();
1398 
1399 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
1400   // Dump concurrent locks
1401   ConcurrentLocksDump concurrent_locks;
1402   if (print_concurrent_locks) {
1403     concurrent_locks.dump_at_safepoint();
1404   }
1405 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
1406 
1407   ThreadsSMRSupport::print_info_on(st);
1408   st->cr();
1409 
1410   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1411     ResourceMark rm;
1412     p->print_on(st, print_extended_info);
1413     if (print_stacks) {
1414       if (internal_format) {
1415         p->trace_stack();
1416       } else {
1417         p->print_stack_on(st);
1418         if (p->is_vthread_mounted()) {
1419           st->print_cr("   Mounted virtual thread #" INT64_FORMAT, java_lang_Thread::thread_id(p->vthread()));
1420           p->print_vthread_stack_on(st);
1421         }
1422       }
1423     }
1424     st->cr();
1425 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
1426     if (print_concurrent_locks) {
1427       concurrent_locks.print_locks_on(p, st);
1428     }
1429 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
1430   }
1431 
1432   PrintOnClosure cl(st);
1433   non_java_threads_do(&cl);
1434 
1435   st->flush();
1436 }
1437 
1438 void Threads::print_on_error(Thread* this_thread, outputStream* st, Thread* current, char* buf,
1439                              int buflen, bool* found_current) {
1440   if (this_thread != nullptr) {
1441     bool is_current = (current == this_thread);
1442     *found_current = *found_current || is_current;
1443     st->print("%s", is_current ? "=>" : "  ");
1444 
1445     st->print(PTR_FORMAT, p2i(this_thread));
1446     st->print(" ");
1447     this_thread->print_on_error(st, buf, buflen);
1448     st->cr();
1449   }
1450 }
1451 
1452 class PrintOnErrorClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1453   outputStream* _st;
1454   Thread* _current;
1455   char* _buf;
1456   int _buflen;
1457   bool* _found_current;
1458   unsigned _num_printed;
1459  public:
1460   PrintOnErrorClosure(outputStream* st, Thread* current, char* buf,
1461                       int buflen, bool* found_current) :
1462    _st(st), _current(current), _buf(buf), _buflen(buflen), _found_current(found_current),
1463    _num_printed(0) {}
1464 
1465   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1466     _num_printed++;
1467     Threads::print_on_error(thread, _st, _current, _buf, _buflen, _found_current);
1468   }
1469 
1470   unsigned num_printed() const { return _num_printed; }
1471 };
1472 
1473 // Threads::print_on_error() is called by fatal error handler. It's possible
1474 // that VM is not at safepoint and/or current thread is inside signal handler.
1475 // Don't print stack trace, as the stack may not be walkable. Don't allocate
1476 // memory (even in resource area), it might deadlock the error handler.
1477 void Threads::print_on_error(outputStream* st, Thread* current, char* buf,
1478                              int buflen) {
1479   ThreadsSMRSupport::print_info_on(st);
1480   st->cr();
1481 
1482   bool found_current = false;
1483   st->print_cr("Java Threads: ( => current thread )");
1484   unsigned num_java = 0;
1485   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(thread) {
1486     print_on_error(thread, st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1487     num_java++;
1488   }
1489   st->print_cr("Total: %u", num_java);
1490   st->cr();
1491 
1492   st->print_cr("Other Threads:");
1493   unsigned num_other = ((VMThread::vm_thread() != nullptr) ? 1 : 0) +
1494       ((WatcherThread::watcher_thread() != nullptr) ? 1 : 0) +
1495       ((AsyncLogWriter::instance() != nullptr)  ? 1 : 0);
1496   print_on_error(VMThread::vm_thread(), st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1497   print_on_error(WatcherThread::watcher_thread(), st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1498   print_on_error(AsyncLogWriter::instance(), st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1499 
1500   if (Universe::heap() != nullptr) {
1501     PrintOnErrorClosure print_closure(st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1502     Universe::heap()->gc_threads_do(&print_closure);
1503     num_other += print_closure.num_printed();
1504   }
1505 
1506   if (!found_current) {
1507     st->cr();
1508     st->print("=>" PTR_FORMAT " (exited) ", p2i(current));
1509     current->print_on_error(st, buf, buflen);
1510     num_other++;
1511     st->cr();
1512   }
1513   st->print_cr("Total: %u", num_other);
1514   st->cr();
1515 
1516   st->print_cr("Threads with active compile tasks:");
1517   unsigned num = print_threads_compiling(st, buf, buflen);
1518   st->print_cr("Total: %u", num);
1519 }
1520 
1521 unsigned Threads::print_threads_compiling(outputStream* st, char* buf, int buflen, bool short_form) {
1522   unsigned num = 0;
1523   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(thread) {
1524     if (thread->is_Compiler_thread()) {
1525       CompilerThread* ct = (CompilerThread*) thread;
1526 
1527       // Keep task in local variable for null check.
1528       // ct->_task might be set to null by concurring compiler thread
1529       // because it completed the compilation. The task is never freed,
1530       // though, just returned to a free list.
1531       CompileTask* task = ct->task();
1532       if (task != nullptr) {
1533         thread->print_name_on_error(st, buf, buflen);
1534         st->print("  ");
1535         task->print(st, nullptr, short_form, true);
1536         num++;
1537       }
1538     }
1539   }
1540   return num;
1541 }
1542 
1543 void Threads::verify() {
1544   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1545     p->verify();
1546   }
1547   VMThread* thread = VMThread::vm_thread();
1548   if (thread != nullptr) thread->verify();
1549 }