1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * Copyright (c) 2021, Azul Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
   4  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   5  *
   6  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   7  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   8  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   9  *
  10  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14  * accompanied this code).
  15  *
  16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19  *
  20  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22  * questions.
  23  *
  24  */
  25 
  26 #include "cds/aotLinkedClassBulkLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "cds/aotMetaspace.hpp"
  28 #include "cds/cds_globals.hpp"
  29 #include "cds/cdsConfig.hpp"
  30 #include "cds/heapShared.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  33 #include "classfile/javaThreadStatus.hpp"
  34 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  35 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  36 #include "classfile/vmClasses.hpp"
  37 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  38 #include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
  39 #include "compiler/compilerThread.hpp"
  40 #include "compiler/compileTask.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/barrierSet.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shared/barrierSetNMethod.hpp"
  43 #include "gc/shared/gcVMOperations.hpp"
  44 #include "gc/shared/oopStorage.hpp"
  45 #include "gc/shared/oopStorageSet.hpp"
  46 #include "gc/shared/stringdedup/stringDedup.hpp"
  47 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
  48 #include "jvm.h"
  49 #include "jvmtifiles/jvmtiEnv.hpp"
  50 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  51 #include "logging/logAsyncWriter.hpp"
  52 #include "logging/logConfiguration.hpp"
  53 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  54 #include "memory/iterator.hpp"
  55 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  56 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  57 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  58 #include "nmt/memTracker.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/symbol.hpp"
  63 #include "prims/jvm_misc.hpp"
  64 #include "prims/jvmtiAgentList.hpp"
  65 #include "prims/jvmtiEnvBase.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/fieldDescriptor.inline.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagLimit.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/globals.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/interfaceSupport.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/jniHandles.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "runtime/jniPeriodicChecker.hpp"
  78 #include "runtime/lockStack.inline.hpp"
  79 #include "runtime/monitorDeflationThread.hpp"
  80 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
  81 #include "runtime/nonJavaThread.hpp"
  82 #include "runtime/objectMonitor.inline.hpp"
  83 #include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
  84 #include "runtime/perfData.hpp"
  85 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  86 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.inline.hpp"
  87 #include "runtime/safepointVerifiers.hpp"
  88 #include "runtime/serviceThread.hpp"
  89 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  90 #include "runtime/stackWatermarkSet.inline.hpp"
  91 #include "runtime/stubCodeGenerator.hpp"
  92 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  93 #include "runtime/threads.hpp"
  94 #include "runtime/threadSMR.inline.hpp"
  95 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
  96 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  97 #include "runtime/trimNativeHeap.hpp"
  98 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  99 #include "runtime/vmOperations.hpp"
 100 #include "services/attachListener.hpp"
 101 #include "services/management.hpp"
 102 #include "services/threadIdTable.hpp"
 103 #include "services/threadService.hpp"
 104 #include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
 105 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
 106 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
 107 #include "utilities/vmError.hpp"
 108 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 109 #include "jvmci/jvmci.hpp"
 110 #include "jvmci/jvmciEnv.hpp"
 111 #endif
 112 #ifdef COMPILER2
 113 #include "opto/idealGraphPrinter.hpp"
 114 #endif
 115 #if INCLUDE_JFR
 116 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
 117 #endif
 118 
 119 // Initialization after module runtime initialization
 120 void universe_post_module_init();  // must happen after call_initPhase2
 121 
 122 
 123 static void initialize_class(Symbol* class_name, TRAPS) {
 124   Klass* klass = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(class_name, true, CHECK);
 125   InstanceKlass::cast(klass)->initialize(CHECK);
 126 }
 127 
 128 
 129 // Creates the initial ThreadGroup
 130 static Handle create_initial_thread_group(TRAPS) {
 131   Handle system_instance = JavaCalls::construct_new_instance(
 132                             vmClasses::ThreadGroup_klass(),
 133                             vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 134                             CHECK_NH);
 135   Universe::set_system_thread_group(system_instance());
 136 
 137   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str("main", CHECK_NH);
 138   Handle main_instance = JavaCalls::construct_new_instance(
 139                             vmClasses::ThreadGroup_klass(),
 140                             vmSymbols::threadgroup_string_void_signature(),
 141                             system_instance,
 142                             string,
 143                             CHECK_NH);
 144   return main_instance;
 145 }
 146 
 147 // Creates the initial Thread, and sets it to running.
 148 static void create_initial_thread(Handle thread_group, JavaThread* thread,
 149                                  TRAPS) {
 150   InstanceKlass* ik = vmClasses::Thread_klass();
 151   assert(ik->is_initialized(), "must be");
 152   instanceHandle thread_oop = ik->allocate_instance_handle(CHECK);
 153 
 154   // Cannot use JavaCalls::construct_new_instance because the java.lang.Thread
 155   // constructor calls Thread.current(), which must be set here for the
 156   // initial thread.
 157   java_lang_Thread::set_thread(thread_oop(), thread);
 158   thread->set_threadOopHandles(thread_oop());
 159 
 160   Handle string = java_lang_String::create_from_str("main", CHECK);
 161 
 162   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 163   JavaCalls::call_special(&result, thread_oop,
 164                           ik,
 165                           vmSymbols::object_initializer_name(),
 166                           vmSymbols::threadgroup_string_void_signature(),
 167                           thread_group,
 168                           string,
 169                           CHECK);
 170 
 171   DEBUG_ONLY(int64_t main_thread_tid = java_lang_Thread::thread_id(thread_oop());)
 172   assert(main_thread_tid == ThreadIdentifier::initial(), "");
 173   assert(main_thread_tid == thread->monitor_owner_id(), "");
 174   JFR_ONLY(assert(JFR_JVM_THREAD_ID(thread) == static_cast<traceid>(main_thread_tid), "initial tid mismatch");)
 175 
 176   // Set thread status to running since main thread has
 177   // been started and running.
 178   java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(thread_oop(),
 179                                       JavaThreadStatus::RUNNABLE);
 180 }
 181 
 182 // Extract version and vendor specific information from
 183 // java.lang.VersionProps fields.
 184 // Returned char* is allocated in the thread's resource area
 185 // so must be copied for permanency.
 186 static const char* get_java_version_info(InstanceKlass* ik,
 187                                          Symbol* field_name) {
 188   fieldDescriptor fd;
 189   bool found = ik != nullptr &&
 190                ik->find_local_field(field_name,
 191                                     vmSymbols::string_signature(), &fd);
 192   if (found) {
 193     oop name_oop = ik->java_mirror()->obj_field(fd.offset());
 194     if (name_oop == nullptr) {
 195       return nullptr;
 196     }
 197     const char* name = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(name_oop);
 198     return name;
 199   } else {
 200     return nullptr;
 201   }
 202 }
 203 
 204 // ======= Threads ========
 205 
 206 // The Threads class links together all active threads, and provides
 207 // operations over all threads. It is protected by the Threads_lock,
 208 // which is also used in other global contexts like safepointing.
 209 // ThreadsListHandles are used to safely perform operations on one
 210 // or more threads without the risk of the thread exiting during the
 211 // operation.
 212 //
 213 // Note: The Threads_lock is currently more widely used than we
 214 // would like. We are actively migrating Threads_lock uses to other
 215 // mechanisms in order to reduce Threads_lock contention.
 216 
 217 int         Threads::_number_of_threads = 0;
 218 int         Threads::_number_of_non_daemon_threads = 0;
 219 int         Threads::_return_code = 0;
 220 uintx       Threads::_thread_claim_token = 1; // Never zero.
 221 
 222 #ifdef ASSERT
 223 bool        Threads::_vm_complete = false;
 224 #endif
 225 
 226 // General purpose hook into Java code, run once when the VM is initialized.
 227 // The Java library method itself may be changed independently from the VM.
 228 static void call_postVMInitHook(TRAPS) {
 229   Klass* klass = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_PostVMInitHook(), THREAD);
 230   if (klass != nullptr) {
 231     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 232     JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::run_method_name(),
 233                            vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 234                            CHECK);
 235   }
 236 }
 237 
 238 // All NonJavaThreads (i.e., every non-JavaThread in the system).
 239 void Threads::non_java_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) {
 240   NoSafepointVerifier nsv;
 241   for (NonJavaThread::Iterator njti; !njti.end(); njti.step()) {
 242     tc->do_thread(njti.current());
 243   }
 244 }
 245 
 246 // All JavaThreads
 247 #define ALL_JAVA_THREADS(X) \
 248   for (JavaThread* X : *ThreadsSMRSupport::get_java_thread_list())
 249 
 250 // All JavaThreads
 251 void Threads::java_threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) {
 252   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Threads_lock);
 253   // ALL_JAVA_THREADS iterates through all JavaThreads.
 254   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
 255     tc->do_thread(p);
 256   }
 257 }
 258 
 259 // All JavaThreads + all non-JavaThreads (i.e., every thread in the system).
 260 void Threads::threads_do(ThreadClosure* tc) {
 261   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Threads_lock);
 262   java_threads_do(tc);
 263   non_java_threads_do(tc);
 264 }
 265 
 266 void Threads::possibly_parallel_threads_do(bool is_par, ThreadClosure* tc) {
 267   assert_at_safepoint();
 268 
 269   uintx claim_token = Threads::thread_claim_token();
 270   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
 271     if (p->claim_threads_do(is_par, claim_token)) {
 272       tc->do_thread(p);
 273     }
 274   }
 275   for (NonJavaThread::Iterator njti; !njti.end(); njti.step()) {
 276     Thread* current = njti.current();
 277     if (current->claim_threads_do(is_par, claim_token)) {
 278       tc->do_thread(current);
 279     }
 280   }
 281 }
 282 
 283 // The system initialization in the library has three phases.
 284 //
 285 // Phase 1: java.lang.System class initialization
 286 //     java.lang.System is a primordial class loaded and initialized
 287 //     by the VM early during startup.  java.lang.System.<clinit>
 288 //     only does registerNatives and keeps the rest of the class
 289 //     initialization work later until thread initialization completes.
 290 //
 291 //     System.initPhase1 initializes the system properties, the static
 292 //     fields in, out, and err. Set up java signal handlers, OS-specific
 293 //     system settings, and thread group of the main thread.
 294 static void call_initPhase1(TRAPS) {
 295   Klass* klass = vmClasses::System_klass();
 296   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 297   JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::initPhase1_name(),
 298                                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), CHECK);
 299 }
 300 
 301 // Phase 2. Module system initialization
 302 //     This will initialize the module system.  Only java.base classes
 303 //     can be loaded until phase 2 completes.
 304 //
 305 //     Call System.initPhase2 after the compiler initialization and jsr292
 306 //     classes get initialized because module initialization runs a lot of java
 307 //     code, that for performance reasons, should be compiled.  Also, this will
 308 //     enable the startup code to use lambda and other language features in this
 309 //     phase and onward.
 310 //
 311 //     After phase 2, The VM will begin search classes from -Xbootclasspath/a.
 312 static void call_initPhase2(TRAPS) {
 313   TraceTime timer("Initialize module system", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 314 
 315   Klass* klass = vmClasses::System_klass();
 316 
 317   JavaValue result(T_INT);
 318   JavaCallArguments args;
 319   args.push_int(DisplayVMOutputToStderr);
 320   args.push_int(log_is_enabled(Debug, init)); // print stack trace if exception thrown
 321   JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::initPhase2_name(),
 322                                          vmSymbols::boolean_boolean_int_signature(), &args, CHECK);
 323   if (result.get_jint() != JNI_OK) {
 324     vm_exit_during_initialization(); // no message or exception
 325   }
 326 
 327   universe_post_module_init();
 328 }
 329 
 330 // Phase 3. final setup - set security manager, system class loader and TCCL
 331 //
 332 //     This will instantiate and set the security manager, set the system class
 333 //     loader as well as the thread context class loader.  The security manager
 334 //     and system class loader may be a custom class loaded from -Xbootclasspath/a,
 335 //     other modules or the application's classpath.
 336 static void call_initPhase3(TRAPS) {
 337   Klass* klass = vmClasses::System_klass();
 338   JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 339   JavaCalls::call_static(&result, klass, vmSymbols::initPhase3_name(),
 340                                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), CHECK);
 341 }
 342 
 343 void Threads::initialize_java_lang_classes(JavaThread* main_thread, TRAPS) {
 344   TraceTime timer("Initialize java.lang classes", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 345 
 346   // This is before the execution of the very first Java bytecode.
 347   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 348     AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::link_classes(THREAD);
 349   }
 350 
 351   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_String(), CHECK);
 352 
 353   // Inject CompactStrings value after the static initializers for String ran.
 354   java_lang_String::set_compact_strings(CompactStrings);
 355 
 356   // Initialize java_lang.System (needed before creating the thread)
 357   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_System(), CHECK);
 358   // The VM creates & returns objects of this class. Make sure it's initialized.
 359   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_Class(), CHECK);
 360 
 361   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ThreadGroup(), CHECK);
 362   Handle thread_group = create_initial_thread_group(CHECK);
 363   Universe::set_main_thread_group(thread_group());
 364   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_Thread(), CHECK);
 365   create_initial_thread(thread_group, main_thread, CHECK);
 366 
 367   HeapShared::init_box_classes(CHECK);
 368 
 369   // The VM creates objects of this class.
 370   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_Module(), CHECK);
 371 
 372 #ifdef ASSERT
 373   InstanceKlass *k = vmClasses::UnsafeConstants_klass();
 374   assert(k->is_not_initialized(), "UnsafeConstants should not already be initialized");
 375 #endif
 376 
 377   // initialize the hardware-specific constants needed by Unsafe
 378   initialize_class(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_misc_UnsafeConstants(), CHECK);
 379   jdk_internal_misc_UnsafeConstants::set_unsafe_constants();
 380 
 381   // The VM preresolves methods to these classes. Make sure that they get initialized
 382   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Method(), CHECK);
 383   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ref_Finalizer(), CHECK);
 384 
 385   // Phase 1 of the system initialization in the library, java.lang.System class initialization
 386   call_initPhase1(CHECK);
 387 
 388   // Get the Java runtime name, version, and vendor info after java.lang.System is initialized.
 389   // Some values are actually configure-time constants but some can be set via the jlink tool and
 390   // so must be read dynamically. We treat them all the same.
 391   InstanceKlass* ik = SystemDictionary::find_instance_klass(THREAD, vmSymbols::java_lang_VersionProps(),
 392                                                             Handle());
 393   {
 394     ResourceMark rm(main_thread);
 395     JDK_Version::set_java_version(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_version_name()));
 396 
 397     JDK_Version::set_runtime_name(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_name_name()));
 398 
 399     JDK_Version::set_runtime_version(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_version_name()));
 400 
 401     JDK_Version::set_runtime_vendor_version(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_vendor_version_name()));
 402 
 403     JDK_Version::set_runtime_vendor_vm_bug_url(get_java_version_info(ik, vmSymbols::java_runtime_vendor_vm_bug_url_name()));
 404   }
 405 
 406   // an instance of OutOfMemory exception has been allocated earlier
 407   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), CHECK);
 408   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), CHECK);
 409   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ClassCastException(), CHECK);
 410   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException(), CHECK);
 411   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), CHECK);
 412   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(), CHECK);
 413   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_StackOverflowError(), CHECK);
 414   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalMonitorStateException(), CHECK);
 415   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_IdentityException(), CHECK);
 416   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalArgumentException(), CHECK);
 417   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_InternalError(), CHECK);
 418 }
 419 
 420 void Threads::initialize_jsr292_core_classes(TRAPS) {
 421   TraceTime timer("Initialize java.lang.invoke classes", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 422 
 423   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandle(), CHECK);
 424   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_ResolvedMethodName(), CHECK);
 425   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MemberName(), CHECK);
 426   initialize_class(vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MethodHandleNatives(), CHECK);
 427 
 428   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 429     HeapShared::initialize_java_lang_invoke(CHECK);
 430   }
 431 }
 432 
 433 // One-shot PeriodicTask subclass for reading the release file
 434 class ReadReleaseFileTask : public PeriodicTask {
 435  public:
 436   ReadReleaseFileTask() : PeriodicTask(100) {}
 437 
 438   virtual void task() {
 439     os::read_image_release_file();
 440 
 441     // Reclaim our storage and disenroll ourself.
 442     delete this;
 443   }
 444 };
 445 
 446 jint Threads::create_vm(JavaVMInitArgs* args, bool* canTryAgain) {
 447   extern void JDK_Version_init();
 448 
 449   // Preinitialize version info.
 450   VM_Version::early_initialize();
 451 
 452   // Check version
 453   if (!is_supported_jni_version(args->version)) return JNI_EVERSION;
 454 
 455   // Deferred "static" initialization
 456   NonJavaThread::init();
 457 
 458   // Initialize library-based TLS
 459   ThreadLocalStorage::init();
 460 
 461   // Initialize the output stream module
 462   ostream_init();
 463 
 464   // Process java launcher properties.
 465   Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(args);
 466 
 467   // Initialize the os module
 468   os::init();
 469 
 470   // Initialize memory pools
 471   Arena::initialize_chunk_pool();
 472 
 473   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(os::current_thread_enable_wx(WXWrite));
 474 
 475   // Record VM creation timing statistics
 476   TraceVmCreationTime create_vm_timer;
 477   create_vm_timer.start();
 478 
 479   // Initialize system properties.
 480   Arguments::init_system_properties();
 481 
 482   // So that JDK version can be used as a discriminator when parsing arguments
 483   JDK_Version_init();
 484 
 485   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 486   Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties();
 487 
 488   // Make sure to initialize log configuration *before* parsing arguments
 489   LogConfiguration::initialize(create_vm_timer.begin_time());
 490 
 491   // Parse arguments
 492   // Note: this internally calls os::init_container_support()
 493   jint parse_result = Arguments::parse(args);
 494   if (parse_result != JNI_OK) return parse_result;
 495 
 496   // Initialize NMT right after argument parsing to keep the pre-NMT-init window small.
 497   MemTracker::initialize();
 498 
 499   os::init_before_ergo();
 500 
 501   jint ergo_result = Arguments::apply_ergo();
 502   if (ergo_result != JNI_OK) return ergo_result;
 503 
 504   // Final check of all ranges after ergonomics which may change values.
 505   if (!JVMFlagLimit::check_all_ranges()) {
 506     return JNI_EINVAL;
 507   }
 508 
 509   // Final check of all 'AfterErgo' constraints after ergonomics which may change values.
 510   bool constraint_result = JVMFlagLimit::check_all_constraints(JVMFlagConstraintPhase::AfterErgo);
 511   if (!constraint_result) {
 512     return JNI_EINVAL;
 513   }
 514 
 515   if (PauseAtStartup) {
 516     os::pause();
 517   }
 518 
 519   HOTSPOT_VM_INIT_BEGIN();
 520 
 521   // Timing (must come after argument parsing)
 522   TraceTime timer("Create VM", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 523 
 524   // Initialize the os module after parsing the args
 525   jint os_init_2_result = os::init_2();
 526   if (os_init_2_result != JNI_OK) return os_init_2_result;
 527 
 528 #ifdef CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
 529   // Initialize assert poison page mechanism.
 530   if (ShowRegistersOnAssert) {
 531     initialize_assert_poison();
 532   }
 533 #endif // CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
 534 
 535   SafepointMechanism::initialize();
 536 
 537   jint adjust_after_os_result = Arguments::adjust_after_os();
 538   if (adjust_after_os_result != JNI_OK) return adjust_after_os_result;
 539 
 540   // Initialize output stream logging
 541   ostream_init_log();
 542 
 543   // Launch -agentlib/-agentpath and converted -Xrun agents
 544   JvmtiAgentList::load_agents();
 545 
 546   // Initialize Threads state
 547   _number_of_threads = 0;
 548   _number_of_non_daemon_threads = 0;
 549 
 550   // Initialize global data structures and create system classes in heap
 551   vm_init_globals();
 552 
 553 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 554   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
 555     JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jlong, JVMCICounterSize, mtJVMCI);
 556     memset(JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters, 0, sizeof(jlong) * JVMCICounterSize);
 557   } else {
 558     JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters = nullptr;
 559   }
 560 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMCI
 561 
 562   // Initialize OopStorage for threadObj
 563   JavaThread::_thread_oop_storage = OopStorageSet::create_strong("Thread OopStorage", mtThread);
 564 
 565   // Attach the main thread to this os thread
 566   JavaThread* main_thread = new JavaThread();
 567   main_thread->set_thread_state(_thread_in_vm);
 568   main_thread->initialize_thread_current();
 569   // Once mutexes and main_thread are ready, we can use NmtVirtualMemoryLocker.
 570   MemTracker::NmtVirtualMemoryLocker::set_safe_to_use();
 571   // must do this before set_active_handles
 572   main_thread->record_stack_base_and_size();
 573   main_thread->register_thread_stack_with_NMT();
 574   main_thread->set_active_handles(JNIHandleBlock::allocate_block());
 575   MACOS_AARCH64_ONLY(main_thread->init_wx());
 576 
 577   // Set the _monitor_owner_id now since we will run Java code before the Thread instance
 578   // is even created. The same value will be assigned to the Thread instance on init.
 579   main_thread->set_monitor_owner_id(ThreadIdentifier::next());
 580 
 581   if (!Thread::set_as_starting_thread(main_thread)) {
 582     vm_shutdown_during_initialization(
 583                                       "Failed necessary internal allocation. Out of swap space");
 584     main_thread->smr_delete();
 585     *canTryAgain = false; // don't let caller call JNI_CreateJavaVM again
 586     return JNI_ENOMEM;
 587   }
 588 
 589   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::initialize_main_thread(main_thread);)
 590 
 591   // Enable guard page *after* os::create_main_thread(), otherwise it would
 592   // crash Linux VM, see notes in os_linux.cpp.
 593   main_thread->stack_overflow_state()->create_stack_guard_pages();
 594 
 595   // Initialize Java-Level synchronization subsystem
 596   ObjectMonitor::Initialize();
 597   ObjectSynchronizer::initialize();
 598 
 599   // Initialize global modules
 600   jint status = init_globals();
 601   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 602     main_thread->smr_delete();
 603     *canTryAgain = false; // don't let caller call JNI_CreateJavaVM again
 604     return status;
 605   }
 606 
 607   // Have the WatcherThread read the release file in the background.
 608   ReadReleaseFileTask* read_task = new ReadReleaseFileTask();
 609   read_task->enroll();
 610 
 611   // Create WatcherThread as soon as we can since we need it in case
 612   // of hangs during error reporting.
 613   WatcherThread::start();
 614 
 615   // Add main_thread to threads list to finish barrier setup with
 616   // on_thread_attach.  Should be before starting to build Java objects in
 617   // init_globals2, which invokes barriers.
 618   {
 619     MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);
 620     Threads::add(main_thread);
 621   }
 622 
 623   status = init_globals2();
 624   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 625     Threads::remove(main_thread, false);
 626     // It is possible that we managed to fully initialize Universe but have then
 627     // failed by throwing an exception. In that case our caller JNI_CreateJavaVM
 628     // will want to report it, so we can't delete the main thread.
 629     if (!main_thread->has_pending_exception()) {
 630       main_thread->smr_delete();
 631     }
 632     *canTryAgain = false; // don't let caller call JNI_CreateJavaVM again
 633     return status;
 634   }
 635 
 636   ObjectMonitor::Initialize2();
 637 
 638   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_create_vm_1();)
 639 
 640   // Should be done after the heap is fully created
 641   main_thread->cache_global_variables();
 642 
 643   // Any JVMTI raw monitors entered in onload will transition into
 644   // real raw monitor. VM is setup enough here for raw monitor enter.
 645   JvmtiExport::transition_pending_onload_raw_monitors();
 646 
 647   // Create the VMThread
 648   { TraceTime timer("Start VMThread", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 649 
 650     VMThread::create();
 651     VMThread* vmthread = VMThread::vm_thread();
 652 
 653     if (!os::create_thread(vmthread, os::vm_thread)) {
 654       vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot create VM thread. "
 655                                     "Out of system resources.");
 656     }
 657 
 658     // Wait for the VM thread to become ready, and VMThread::run to initialize
 659     // Monitors can have spurious returns, must always check another state flag
 660     {
 661       MonitorLocker ml(Notify_lock);
 662       os::start_thread(vmthread);
 663       while (!vmthread->is_running()) {
 664         ml.wait();
 665       }
 666     }
 667   }
 668 
 669   assert(Universe::is_fully_initialized(), "not initialized");
 670   if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
 671     // Make sure we're starting with a clean slate.
 672     VM_Verify verify_op;
 673     VMThread::execute(&verify_op);
 674   }
 675 
 676   // We need this to update the java.vm.info property in case any flags used
 677   // to initially define it have been changed. This is needed for both CDS
 678   // since UseSharedSpaces may be changed after java.vm.info
 679   // is initially computed. See Abstract_VM_Version::vm_info_string().
 680   // This update must happen before we initialize the java classes, but
 681   // after any initialization logic that might modify the flags.
 682   Arguments::update_vm_info_property(VM_Version::vm_info_string());
 683 
 684   JavaThread* THREAD = JavaThread::current(); // For exception macros.
 685   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 686 
 687   // Always call even when there are not JVMTI environments yet, since environments
 688   // may be attached late and JVMTI must track phases of VM execution
 689   JvmtiExport::enter_early_start_phase();
 690 
 691   // Notify JVMTI agents that VM has started (JNI is up) - nop if no agents.
 692   JvmtiExport::post_early_vm_start();
 693 
 694   // Launch -Xrun agents early if EagerXrunInit is set
 695   if (EagerXrunInit) {
 696     JvmtiAgentList::load_xrun_agents();
 697   }
 698 
 699   initialize_java_lang_classes(main_thread, CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 700 
 701   quicken_jni_functions();
 702 
 703   // No more stub generation allowed after that point.
 704   StubCodeDesc::freeze();
 705 
 706   // Set flag that basic initialization has completed. Used by exceptions and various
 707   // debug stuff, that does not work until all basic classes have been initialized.
 708   set_init_completed();
 709 
 710   LogConfiguration::post_initialize();
 711   Metaspace::post_initialize();
 712   MutexLockerImpl::post_initialize();
 713 
 714   HOTSPOT_VM_INIT_END();
 715 
 716   // record VM initialization completion time
 717 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 718   Management::record_vm_init_completed();
 719 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 720 
 721   log_info(os)("Initialized VM with process ID %d", os::current_process_id());
 722 
 723   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CreateCoredumpOnCrash) && CreateCoredumpOnCrash) {
 724     char buffer[2*JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
 725     os::check_core_dump_prerequisites(buffer, sizeof(buffer), true);
 726   }
 727 
 728   // Signal Dispatcher needs to be started before VMInit event is posted
 729   os::initialize_jdk_signal_support(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 730 
 731   // Start Attach Listener if +StartAttachListener or it can't be started lazily
 732   if (!DisableAttachMechanism) {
 733     AttachListener::vm_start();
 734     if (StartAttachListener || AttachListener::init_at_startup()) {
 735       AttachListener::init();
 736     }
 737   }
 738 
 739   // Launch -Xrun agents if EagerXrunInit is not set.
 740   if (!EagerXrunInit) {
 741     JvmtiAgentList::load_xrun_agents();
 742   }
 743 
 744   Arena::start_chunk_pool_cleaner_task();
 745 
 746   // Start the service thread
 747   // The service thread enqueues JVMTI deferred events and does various hashtable
 748   // and other cleanups.  Needs to start before the compilers start posting events.
 749   ServiceThread::initialize();
 750 
 751   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 752     nmethod::post_delayed_compiled_method_load_events();
 753   }
 754 
 755   // Start the monitor deflation thread:
 756   MonitorDeflationThread::initialize();
 757 
 758   // initialize compiler(s)
 759 #if defined(COMPILER1) || COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
 760   bool init_compilation = true;
 761 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 762   bool force_JVMCI_initialization = false;
 763   if (EnableJVMCI) {
 764     // Initialize JVMCI eagerly when it is explicitly requested.
 765     // Or when JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig or JVMCIPrintProperties is enabled.
 766     force_JVMCI_initialization = EagerJVMCI || JVMCIPrintProperties || JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig;
 767     if (!force_JVMCI_initialization && UseJVMCICompiler && !UseJVMCINativeLibrary && (!UseInterpreter || !BackgroundCompilation)) {
 768       // Force initialization of jarjvmci otherwise requests for blocking
 769       // compilations will not actually block until jarjvmci is initialized.
 770       force_JVMCI_initialization = true;
 771     }
 772     if (JVMCIPrintProperties || JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig) {
 773       // Both JVMCILibDumpJNIConfig and JVMCIPrintProperties exit the VM
 774       // so compilation should be disabled. This prevents dumping or
 775       // printing from happening more than once.
 776       init_compilation = false;
 777     }
 778   }
 779 #endif
 780   if (init_compilation) {
 781     CompileBroker::compilation_init(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 782   }
 783 #endif
 784 
 785   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 786     SystemDictionary::restore_archived_method_handle_intrinsics();
 787     AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::init_javabase_classes(THREAD);
 788   }
 789 
 790   // Start string deduplication thread if requested.
 791   if (StringDedup::is_enabled()) {
 792     StringDedup::start();
 793   }
 794 
 795   // Pre-initialize some JSR292 core classes to avoid deadlock during class loading.
 796   // It is done after compilers are initialized, because otherwise compilations of
 797   // signature polymorphic MH intrinsics can be missed
 798   // (see SystemDictionary::find_method_handle_intrinsic).
 799   initialize_jsr292_core_classes(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 800 
 801   // This will initialize the module system.  Only java.base classes can be
 802   // loaded until phase 2 completes
 803   call_initPhase2(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 804 
 805   if (CDSConfig::is_using_aot_linked_classes()) {
 806     AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::init_non_javabase_classes(THREAD);
 807   }
 808 #ifndef PRODUCT
 809   HeapShared::initialize_test_class_from_archive(THREAD);
 810 #endif
 811 
 812   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_create_vm_2();)
 813 
 814   // Always call even when there are not JVMTI environments yet, since environments
 815   // may be attached late and JVMTI must track phases of VM execution
 816   JvmtiExport::enter_start_phase();
 817 
 818   // Notify JVMTI agents that VM has started (JNI is up) - nop if no agents.
 819   JvmtiExport::post_vm_start();
 820 
 821   // Final system initialization including security manager and system class loader
 822   call_initPhase3(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 823 
 824   // cache the system and platform class loaders
 825   SystemDictionary::compute_java_loaders(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 826 
 827   // Initiate replay training processing once preloading is over.
 828   CompileBroker::init_training_replay();
 829 
 830   AOTLinkedClassBulkLoader::replay_training_at_init_for_preloaded_classes(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 831 
 832   if (Continuations::enabled()) {
 833     // Initialize Continuation class now so that failure to create enterSpecial/doYield
 834     // special nmethods due to limited CodeCache size can be treated as a fatal error at
 835     // startup with the proper message that CodeCache size is too small.
 836     initialize_class(vmSymbols::jdk_internal_vm_Continuation(), CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 837   }
 838 
 839   if (NativeHeapTrimmer::enabled()) {
 840     NativeHeapTrimmer::initialize();
 841   }
 842 
 843   // Always call even when there are not JVMTI environments yet, since environments
 844   // may be attached late and JVMTI must track phases of VM execution
 845   JvmtiExport::enter_live_phase();
 846 
 847   // Make perfmemory accessible
 848   PerfMemory::set_accessible(true);
 849 
 850   // Notify JVMTI agents that VM initialization is complete - nop if no agents.
 851   JvmtiExport::post_vm_initialized();
 852 
 853 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
 854   if (force_JVMCI_initialization) {
 855     JVMCI::initialize_compiler_in_create_vm(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 856   }
 857 #endif
 858 
 859   JFR_ONLY(Jfr::on_create_vm_3();)
 860 
 861 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 862   bool start_agent = true;
 863 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 864   start_agent = !CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive();
 865   if (!start_agent) {
 866     log_info(aot)("Not starting management agent during creation of AOT cache.");
 867   }
 868 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
 869   if (start_agent) {
 870     Management::initialize(THREAD);
 871 
 872     if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 873       // management agent fails to start possibly due to
 874       // configuration problem and is responsible for printing
 875       // stack trace if appropriate. Simply exit VM.
 876       vm_exit(1);
 877     }
 878   }
 879 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
 880 
 881   if (UsePerfData)         PerfDataManager::create_misc_perfdata();
 882   if (CheckJNICalls)                  JniPeriodicChecker::engage();
 883 
 884   call_postVMInitHook(THREAD);
 885   // The Java side of PostVMInitHook.run must deal with all
 886   // exceptions and provide means of diagnosis.
 887   if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
 888     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 889   }
 890 
 891   // Let WatcherThread run all registered periodic tasks now.
 892   // NOTE:  All PeriodicTasks should be registered by now. If they
 893   //   aren't, late joiners might appear to start slowly (we might
 894   //   take a while to process their first tick).
 895   WatcherThread::run_all_tasks();
 896 
 897   create_vm_timer.end();
 898 #ifdef ASSERT
 899   _vm_complete = true;
 900 #endif
 901 
 902   if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_classic_static_archive()) {
 903     // Classic -Xshare:dump, aka "old workflow"
 904     AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 905   } else if (CDSConfig::is_dumping_final_static_archive()) {
 906     tty->print_cr("Reading AOTConfiguration %s and writing AOTCache %s", AOTConfiguration, AOTCache);
 907     AOTMetaspace::dump_static_archive(CHECK_JNI_ERR);
 908   }
 909 
 910   if (log_is_enabled(Info, perf, class, link)) {
 911     LogStreamHandle(Info, perf, class, link) log;
 912     log.print_cr("At VM initialization completion:");
 913     ClassLoader::print_counters(&log);
 914   }
 915 
 916   return JNI_OK;
 917 }
 918 
 919 // Threads::destroy_vm() is normally called from jni_DestroyJavaVM() when
 920 // the program falls off the end of main(). Another VM exit path is through
 921 // vm_exit(), when the program calls System.exit() to return a value, or when
 922 // there is a serious error in VM.
 923 // These two separate shutdown paths are not exactly the same, but they share
 924 // Shutdown.shutdown() at Java level and before_exit() and VM_Exit op at VM level.
 925 //
 926 // Shutdown sequence:
 927 //   + Shutdown native memory tracking if it is on
 928 //   + Wait until we are the last non-daemon thread to execute
 929 //     <-- every thing is still working at this moment -->
 930 //   + Call java.lang.Shutdown.shutdown(), which will invoke Java level
 931 //        shutdown hooks
 932 //   + Call before_exit(), prepare for VM exit
 933 //      > run VM level shutdown hooks (they are registered through JVM_OnExit(),
 934 //        currently the only user of this mechanism is File.deleteOnExit())
 935 //      > stop watcher thread,
 936 //        post thread end and vm death events to JVMTI,
 937 //        stop signal thread
 938 //   + Call JavaThread::exit(), it will:
 939 //      > release JNI handle blocks, remove stack guard pages
 940 //      > remove this thread from Threads list
 941 //     <-- no more Java code from this thread after this point -->
 942 //   + Stop VM thread, it will bring the remaining VM to a safepoint and stop
 943 //     the compiler threads at safepoint
 944 //     <-- do not use anything that could get blocked by Safepoint -->
 945 //   + Disable tracing at JNI/JVM barriers
 946 //   + Set _vm_exited flag for threads that are still running native code
 947 //   + Call exit_globals()
 948 //      > deletes tty
 949 //      > deletes PerfMemory resources
 950 //   + Delete this thread
 951 //   + Return to caller
 952 
 953 void Threads::destroy_vm() {
 954   JavaThread* thread = JavaThread::current();
 955 
 956 #ifdef ASSERT
 957   _vm_complete = false;
 958 #endif
 959   // Wait until we are the last non-daemon thread to execute, or
 960   // if we are a daemon then wait until the last non-daemon thread has
 961   // executed.
 962   bool daemon = java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(thread->threadObj());
 963   int expected = daemon ? 0 : 1;
 964   {
 965     MonitorLocker nu(Threads_lock);
 966     while (Threads::number_of_non_daemon_threads() > expected)
 967       // This wait should make safepoint checks, wait without a timeout.
 968       nu.wait(0);
 969   }
 970 
 971   EventShutdown e;
 972   if (e.should_commit()) {
 973     e.set_reason("No remaining non-daemon Java threads");
 974     e.commit();
 975   }
 976 
 977   // Hang forever on exit if we are reporting an error.
 978   if (ShowMessageBoxOnError && VMError::is_error_reported()) {
 979     os::infinite_sleep();
 980   }
 981   os::wait_for_keypress_at_exit();
 982 
 983   // run Java level shutdown hooks
 984   thread->invoke_shutdown_hooks();
 985 
 986   before_exit(thread);
 987 
 988   thread->exit(true);
 989 
 990   // We are no longer on the main thread list but could still be in a
 991   // secondary list where another thread may try to interact with us.
 992   // So wait until all such interactions are complete before we bring
 993   // the VM to the termination safepoint. Normally this would be done
 994   // using thread->smr_delete() below where we delete the thread, but
 995   // we can't call that after the termination safepoint is active as
 996   // we will deadlock on the Threads_lock. Once all interactions are
 997   // complete it is safe to directly delete the thread at any time.
 998   ThreadsSMRSupport::wait_until_not_protected(thread);
 999 
1000   // Stop VM thread.
1001   {
1002     // 4945125 The vm thread comes to a safepoint during exit.
1003     // GC vm_operations can get caught at the safepoint, and the
1004     // heap is unparseable if they are caught. Grab the Heap_lock
1005     // to prevent this. The GC vm_operations will not be able to
1006     // queue until after the vm thread is dead. After this point,
1007     // we'll never emerge out of the safepoint before the VM exits.
1008     // Assert that the thread is terminated so that acquiring the
1009     // Heap_lock doesn't cause the terminated thread to participate in
1010     // the safepoint protocol.
1011 
1012     assert(thread->is_terminated(), "must be terminated here");
1013     MutexLocker ml(Heap_lock);
1014 
1015     VMThread::wait_for_vm_thread_exit();
1016     assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "VM thread should exit at Safepoint");
1017     VMThread::destroy();
1018   }
1019 
1020   // Now, all Java threads are gone except daemon threads. Daemon threads
1021   // running Java code or in VM are stopped by the Safepoint. However,
1022   // daemon threads executing native code are still running.  But they
1023   // will be stopped at native=>Java/VM barriers. Note that we can't
1024   // simply kill or suspend them, as it is inherently deadlock-prone.
1025 
1026   VM_Exit::set_vm_exited();
1027 
1028   // Clean up ideal graph printers after the VMThread has started
1029   // the final safepoint which will block all the Compiler threads.
1030   // Note that this Thread has already logically exited so the
1031   // clean_up() function's use of a JavaThreadIteratorWithHandle
1032   // would be a problem except set_vm_exited() has remembered the
1033   // shutdown thread which is granted a policy exception.
1034 #if defined(COMPILER2) && !defined(PRODUCT)
1035   IdealGraphPrinter::clean_up();
1036 #endif
1037 
1038   notify_vm_shutdown();
1039 
1040   // exit_globals() will delete tty
1041   exit_globals();
1042 
1043   // Deleting the shutdown thread here is safe. See comment on
1044   // wait_until_not_protected() above.
1045   delete thread;
1046 
1047 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1048   if (JVMCICounterSize > 0) {
1049     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(jlong, JavaThread::_jvmci_old_thread_counters);
1050   }
1051 #endif
1052 
1053   LogConfiguration::finalize();
1054 }
1055 
1056 
1057 jboolean Threads::is_supported_jni_version_including_1_1(jint version) {
1058   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_1) return JNI_TRUE;
1059   return is_supported_jni_version(version);
1060 }
1061 
1062 
1063 jboolean Threads::is_supported_jni_version(jint version) {
1064   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_2) return JNI_TRUE;
1065   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_4) return JNI_TRUE;
1066   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_6) return JNI_TRUE;
1067   if (version == JNI_VERSION_1_8) return JNI_TRUE;
1068   if (version == JNI_VERSION_9) return JNI_TRUE;
1069   if (version == JNI_VERSION_10) return JNI_TRUE;
1070   if (version == JNI_VERSION_19) return JNI_TRUE;
1071   if (version == JNI_VERSION_20) return JNI_TRUE;
1072   if (version == JNI_VERSION_21) return JNI_TRUE;
1073   if (version == JNI_VERSION_24) return JNI_TRUE;
1074   return JNI_FALSE;
1075 }
1076 
1077 void Threads::add(JavaThread* p, bool force_daemon) {
1078   // The threads lock must be owned at this point
1079   assert(Threads_lock->owned_by_self(), "must have threads lock");
1080   assert(p->monitor_owner_id() != 0, "should be set");
1081 
1082   BarrierSet::barrier_set()->on_thread_attach(p);
1083 
1084   // Once a JavaThread is added to the Threads list, smr_delete() has
1085   // to be used to delete it. Otherwise we can just delete it directly.
1086   p->set_on_thread_list();
1087 
1088   _number_of_threads++;
1089   oop threadObj = p->threadObj();
1090   bool daemon = true;
1091   // Bootstrapping problem: threadObj can be null for initial
1092   // JavaThread (or for threads attached via JNI)
1093   if (!force_daemon &&
1094       (threadObj == nullptr || !java_lang_Thread::is_daemon(threadObj))) {
1095     _number_of_non_daemon_threads++;
1096     daemon = false;
1097   }
1098 
1099   ThreadService::add_thread(p, daemon);
1100 
1101   // Maintain fast thread list
1102   ThreadsSMRSupport::add_thread(p);
1103 
1104   // Increase the ObjectMonitor ceiling for the new thread.
1105   ObjectSynchronizer::inc_in_use_list_ceiling();
1106 
1107   // Possible GC point.
1108   Events::log(Thread::current(), "Thread added: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(p));
1109 
1110   // Make new thread known to active EscapeBarrier
1111   EscapeBarrier::thread_added(p);
1112 }
1113 
1114 void Threads::remove(JavaThread* p, bool is_daemon) {
1115   // Extra scope needed for Thread_lock, so we can check
1116   // that we do not remove thread without safepoint code notice
1117   {
1118     ConditionalMutexLocker throttle_ml(ThreadsLockThrottle_lock, UseThreadsLockThrottleLock);
1119     MonitorLocker ml(Threads_lock);
1120 
1121     if (ThreadIdTable::is_initialized()) {
1122       // This cleanup must be done before the current thread's GC barrier
1123       // is detached since we need to touch the threadObj oop.
1124       jlong tid = SharedRuntime::get_java_tid(p);
1125       ThreadIdTable::remove_thread(tid);
1126     }
1127 
1128     // BarrierSet state must be destroyed after the last thread transition
1129     // before the thread terminates. Thread transitions result in calls to
1130     // StackWatermarkSet::on_safepoint(), which performs GC processing,
1131     // requiring the GC state to be alive.
1132     BarrierSet::barrier_set()->on_thread_detach(p);
1133     if (p->is_exiting()) {
1134       // If we got here via JavaThread::exit(), then we remember that the
1135       // thread's GC barrier has been detached. We don't do this when we get
1136       // here from another path, e.g., cleanup_failed_attach_current_thread().
1137       p->set_terminated(JavaThread::_thread_gc_barrier_detached);
1138     }
1139 
1140     assert(ThreadsSMRSupport::get_java_thread_list()->includes(p), "p must be present");
1141 
1142     // Maintain fast thread list
1143     ThreadsSMRSupport::remove_thread(p);
1144 
1145     _number_of_threads--;
1146     if (!is_daemon) {
1147       _number_of_non_daemon_threads--;
1148 
1149       // If this is the last non-daemon thread then we need to do
1150       // a notify on the Threads_lock so a thread waiting
1151       // on destroy_vm will wake up. But that thread could be a daemon
1152       // or non-daemon, so we notify for both the 0 and 1 case.
1153       if (number_of_non_daemon_threads() <= 1) {
1154         ml.notify_all();
1155       }
1156     }
1157     ThreadService::remove_thread(p, is_daemon);
1158 
1159     // Make sure that safepoint code disregard this thread. This is needed since
1160     // the thread might mess around with locks after this point. This can cause it
1161     // to do callbacks into the safepoint code. However, the safepoint code is not aware
1162     // of this thread since it is removed from the queue.
1163     p->set_terminated(JavaThread::_thread_terminated);
1164 
1165     // Notify threads waiting in EscapeBarriers
1166     EscapeBarrier::thread_removed(p);
1167   } // unlock Threads_lock and ThreadsLockThrottle_lock
1168 
1169   // Reduce the ObjectMonitor ceiling for the exiting thread.
1170   ObjectSynchronizer::dec_in_use_list_ceiling();
1171 
1172   // Since Events::log uses a lock, we grab it outside the Threads_lock
1173   Events::log(Thread::current(), "Thread exited: " INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(p));
1174 }
1175 
1176 // Operations on the Threads list for GC.  These are not explicitly locked,
1177 // but the garbage collector must provide a safe context for them to run.
1178 // In particular, these things should never be called when the Threads_lock
1179 // is held by some other thread. (Note: the Safepoint abstraction also
1180 // uses the Threads_lock to guarantee this property. It also makes sure that
1181 // all threads gets blocked when exiting or starting).
1182 
1183 void Threads::oops_do(OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) {
1184   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1185     p->oops_do(f, cf);
1186   }
1187   VMThread::vm_thread()->oops_do(f, cf);
1188 }
1189 
1190 void Threads::change_thread_claim_token() {
1191   if (++_thread_claim_token == 0) {
1192     // On overflow of the token counter, there is a risk of future
1193     // collisions between a new global token value and a stale token
1194     // for a thread, because not all iterations visit all threads.
1195     // (Though it's pretty much a theoretical concern for non-trivial
1196     // token counter sizes.)  To deal with the possibility, reset all
1197     // the thread tokens to zero on global token overflow.
1198     struct ResetClaims : public ThreadClosure {
1199       virtual void do_thread(Thread* t) {
1200         t->claim_threads_do(false, 0);
1201       }
1202     } reset_claims;
1203     Threads::threads_do(&reset_claims);
1204     // On overflow, update the global token to non-zero, to
1205     // avoid the special "never claimed" initial thread value.
1206     _thread_claim_token = 1;
1207   }
1208 }
1209 
1210 #ifdef ASSERT
1211 static void assert_thread_claimed(const char* kind, Thread* t, uintx expected) {
1212   const uintx token = t->threads_do_token();
1213   assert(token == expected,
1214          "%s " PTR_FORMAT " has incorrect value %zu != %zu",
1215          kind, p2i(t), token, expected);
1216 }
1217 
1218 void Threads::assert_all_threads_claimed() {
1219   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1220     assert_thread_claimed("JavaThread", p, _thread_claim_token);
1221   }
1222 
1223   struct NJTClaimedVerifierClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1224     uintx _thread_claim_token;
1225 
1226     NJTClaimedVerifierClosure(uintx thread_claim_token) : ThreadClosure(), _thread_claim_token(thread_claim_token) { }
1227 
1228     virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) override {
1229       assert_thread_claimed("Non-JavaThread", VMThread::vm_thread(), _thread_claim_token);
1230     }
1231   } tc(_thread_claim_token);
1232 
1233   non_java_threads_do(&tc);
1234 }
1235 #endif // ASSERT
1236 
1237 class ParallelOopsDoThreadClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1238 private:
1239   OopClosure* _f;
1240   NMethodClosure* _cf;
1241 public:
1242   ParallelOopsDoThreadClosure(OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) : _f(f), _cf(cf) {}
1243   void do_thread(Thread* t) {
1244     t->oops_do(_f, _cf);
1245   }
1246 };
1247 
1248 void Threads::possibly_parallel_oops_do(bool is_par, OopClosure* f, NMethodClosure* cf) {
1249   ParallelOopsDoThreadClosure tc(f, cf);
1250   possibly_parallel_threads_do(is_par, &tc);
1251 }
1252 
1253 void Threads::metadata_do(MetadataClosure* f) {
1254   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1255     p->metadata_do(f);
1256   }
1257 }
1258 
1259 class ThreadHandlesClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1260   void (*_f)(Metadata*);
1261  public:
1262   ThreadHandlesClosure(void f(Metadata*)) : _f(f) {}
1263   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1264     thread->metadata_handles_do(_f);
1265   }
1266 };
1267 
1268 void Threads::metadata_handles_do(void f(Metadata*)) {
1269   // Only walk the Handles in Thread.
1270   ThreadHandlesClosure handles_closure(f);
1271   threads_do(&handles_closure);
1272 }
1273 
1274 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
1275 // Get Java threads that are waiting to enter or re-enter the specified monitor.
1276 // Java threads that are executing mounted virtual threads are not included.
1277 GrowableArray<JavaThread*>* Threads::get_pending_threads(ThreadsList * t_list,
1278                                                          int count,
1279                                                          address monitor) {
1280   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(), "Must be the VM thread");
1281   GrowableArray<JavaThread*>* result = new GrowableArray<JavaThread*>(count);
1282 
1283   int i = 0;
1284   for (JavaThread* p : *t_list) {
1285     if (!p->can_call_java()) continue;
1286 
1287     oop thread_oop = JvmtiEnvBase::get_vthread_or_thread_oop(p);
1288     if (thread_oop->is_a(vmClasses::BaseVirtualThread_klass())) {
1289       continue;
1290     }
1291     // The first stage of async deflation does not affect any field
1292     // used by this comparison so the ObjectMonitor* is usable here.
1293     address pending = (address)p->current_pending_monitor();
1294     address waiting = (address)p->current_waiting_monitor();
1295     // do not include virtual threads to the list
1296     jint state = JvmtiEnvBase::get_thread_state(thread_oop, p);
1297     if (pending == monitor || (waiting == monitor &&
1298         (state & JVMTI_THREAD_STATE_BLOCKED_ON_MONITOR_ENTER))
1299     ) { // found a match
1300       if (i < count) result->append(p);   // save the first count matches
1301       i++;
1302     }
1303   }
1304 
1305   return result;
1306 }
1307 #endif // INCLUDE_JVMTI
1308 
1309 JavaThread* Threads::owning_thread_from_object(ThreadsList * t_list, oop obj) {
1310   for (JavaThread* q : *t_list) {
1311     // Need to start processing before accessing oops in the thread.
1312     StackWatermark* watermark = StackWatermarkSet::get(q, StackWatermarkKind::gc);
1313     if (watermark != nullptr) {
1314       watermark->start_processing();
1315     }
1316 
1317     if (q->lock_stack().contains(obj)) {
1318       return q;
1319     }
1320   }
1321   return nullptr;
1322 }
1323 
1324 JavaThread* Threads::owning_thread_from_monitor(ThreadsList* t_list, ObjectMonitor* monitor) {
1325   if (monitor->has_anonymous_owner()) {
1326     return owning_thread_from_object(t_list, monitor->object());
1327   } else {
1328     JavaThread* the_owner = nullptr;
1329     for (JavaThread* q : *t_list) {
1330       if (monitor->has_owner(q)) {
1331         the_owner = q;
1332         break;
1333       }
1334     }
1335     return the_owner;
1336   }
1337 }
1338 
1339 class PrintOnClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1340 private:
1341   outputStream* _st;
1342 
1343 public:
1344   PrintOnClosure(outputStream* st) :
1345       _st(st) {}
1346 
1347   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1348     if (thread != nullptr) {
1349       thread->print_on(_st);
1350       _st->cr();
1351     }
1352   }
1353 };
1354 
1355 // Threads::print_on() is called at safepoint by VM_PrintThreads operation.
1356 void Threads::print_on(outputStream* st, bool print_stacks,
1357                        bool internal_format, bool print_concurrent_locks,
1358                        bool print_extended_info) {
1359   char buf[32];
1360   st->print_raw_cr(os::local_time_string(buf, sizeof(buf)));
1361 
1362   st->print_cr("Full thread dump %s (%s %s)",
1363                VM_Version::vm_name(),
1364                VM_Version::vm_release(),
1365                VM_Version::vm_info_string());
1366   JDK_Version::current().to_string(buf, sizeof(buf));
1367   const char* runtime_name = JDK_Version::runtime_name() != nullptr ?
1368                              JDK_Version::runtime_name() : "";
1369   const char* runtime_version = JDK_Version::runtime_version() != nullptr ?
1370                                 JDK_Version::runtime_version() : "";
1371   const char* vendor_version = JDK_Version::runtime_vendor_version() != nullptr ?
1372                                JDK_Version::runtime_vendor_version() : "";
1373   const char* jdk_debug_level = VM_Version::printable_jdk_debug_level() != nullptr ?
1374                                 VM_Version::printable_jdk_debug_level() : "";
1375 
1376   st->print_cr("                 JDK version: %s%s%s (%s) (%sbuild %s)", runtime_name,
1377                 (*vendor_version != '\0') ? " " : "", vendor_version,
1378                 buf, jdk_debug_level, runtime_version);
1379 
1380   st->cr();
1381 
1382 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
1383   // Dump concurrent locks
1384   ConcurrentLocksDump concurrent_locks;
1385   if (print_concurrent_locks) {
1386     concurrent_locks.dump_at_safepoint();
1387   }
1388 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
1389 
1390   ThreadsSMRSupport::print_info_on(st);
1391   st->cr();
1392 
1393   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1394     ResourceMark rm;
1395     p->print_on(st, print_extended_info);
1396     if (print_stacks) {
1397       if (internal_format) {
1398         p->trace_stack();
1399       } else {
1400         p->print_stack_on(st);
1401         if (p->is_vthread_mounted()) {
1402           st->print_cr("   Mounted virtual thread #" INT64_FORMAT, java_lang_Thread::thread_id(p->vthread()));
1403           p->print_vthread_stack_on(st);
1404         }
1405       }
1406     }
1407     st->cr();
1408 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
1409     if (print_concurrent_locks) {
1410       concurrent_locks.print_locks_on(p, st);
1411     }
1412 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
1413   }
1414 
1415   PrintOnClosure cl(st);
1416   non_java_threads_do(&cl);
1417 
1418   st->flush();
1419 }
1420 
1421 void Threads::print_on_error(Thread* this_thread, outputStream* st, Thread* current, char* buf,
1422                              int buflen, bool* found_current) {
1423   if (this_thread != nullptr) {
1424     bool is_current = (current == this_thread);
1425     *found_current = *found_current || is_current;
1426     st->print("%s", is_current ? "=>" : "  ");
1427 
1428     st->print(PTR_FORMAT, p2i(this_thread));
1429     st->print(" ");
1430     this_thread->print_on_error(st, buf, buflen);
1431     st->cr();
1432   }
1433 }
1434 
1435 class PrintOnErrorClosure : public ThreadClosure {
1436   outputStream* _st;
1437   Thread* _current;
1438   char* _buf;
1439   int _buflen;
1440   bool* _found_current;
1441   unsigned _num_printed;
1442  public:
1443   PrintOnErrorClosure(outputStream* st, Thread* current, char* buf,
1444                       int buflen, bool* found_current) :
1445    _st(st), _current(current), _buf(buf), _buflen(buflen), _found_current(found_current),
1446    _num_printed(0) {}
1447 
1448   virtual void do_thread(Thread* thread) {
1449     _num_printed++;
1450     Threads::print_on_error(thread, _st, _current, _buf, _buflen, _found_current);
1451   }
1452 
1453   unsigned num_printed() const { return _num_printed; }
1454 };
1455 
1456 // Threads::print_on_error() is called by fatal error handler. It's possible
1457 // that VM is not at safepoint and/or current thread is inside signal handler.
1458 // Don't print stack trace, as the stack may not be walkable. Don't allocate
1459 // memory (even in resource area), it might deadlock the error handler.
1460 void Threads::print_on_error(outputStream* st, Thread* current, char* buf,
1461                              int buflen) {
1462   ThreadsSMRSupport::print_info_on(st);
1463   st->cr();
1464 
1465   bool found_current = false;
1466   st->print_cr("Java Threads: ( => current thread )");
1467   unsigned num_java = 0;
1468   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(thread) {
1469     print_on_error(thread, st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1470     num_java++;
1471   }
1472   st->print_cr("Total: %u", num_java);
1473   st->cr();
1474 
1475   st->print_cr("Other Threads:");
1476   unsigned num_other = ((VMThread::vm_thread() != nullptr) ? 1 : 0) +
1477       ((WatcherThread::watcher_thread() != nullptr) ? 1 : 0) +
1478       ((AsyncLogWriter::instance() != nullptr)  ? 1 : 0);
1479   print_on_error(VMThread::vm_thread(), st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1480   print_on_error(WatcherThread::watcher_thread(), st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1481   print_on_error(AsyncLogWriter::instance(), st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1482 
1483   if (Universe::heap() != nullptr) {
1484     PrintOnErrorClosure print_closure(st, current, buf, buflen, &found_current);
1485     Universe::heap()->gc_threads_do(&print_closure);
1486     num_other += print_closure.num_printed();
1487   }
1488 
1489   if (!found_current) {
1490     st->cr();
1491     st->print("=>" PTR_FORMAT " (exited) ", p2i(current));
1492     current->print_on_error(st, buf, buflen);
1493     num_other++;
1494     st->cr();
1495   }
1496   st->print_cr("Total: %u", num_other);
1497   st->cr();
1498 
1499   st->print_cr("Threads with active compile tasks:");
1500   unsigned num = print_threads_compiling(st, buf, buflen);
1501   st->print_cr("Total: %u", num);
1502 }
1503 
1504 unsigned Threads::print_threads_compiling(outputStream* st, char* buf, int buflen, bool short_form) {
1505   unsigned num = 0;
1506   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(thread) {
1507     if (thread->is_Compiler_thread()) {
1508       CompilerThread* ct = (CompilerThread*) thread;
1509 
1510       // Keep task in local variable for null check.
1511       // ct->_task might be set to null by concurring compiler thread
1512       // because it completed the compilation. The task is never freed,
1513       // though, just returned to a free list.
1514       CompileTask* task = ct->task();
1515       if (task != nullptr) {
1516         thread->print_name_on_error(st, buf, buflen);
1517         st->print("  ");
1518         task->print(st, nullptr, short_form, true);
1519         num++;
1520       }
1521     }
1522   }
1523   return num;
1524 }
1525 
1526 void Threads::verify() {
1527   ALL_JAVA_THREADS(p) {
1528     p->verify();
1529   }
1530   VMThread* thread = VMThread::vm_thread();
1531   if (thread != nullptr) thread->verify();
1532 }