1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #ifndef SHARE_UTILITIES_GLOBALDEFINITIONS_HPP
  26 #define SHARE_UTILITIES_GLOBALDEFINITIONS_HPP
  27 
  28 #include "classfile_constants.h"
  29 #include "cppstdlib/cstddef.hpp"
  30 #include "cppstdlib/limits.hpp"
  31 #include "cppstdlib/type_traits.hpp"
  32 #include "utilities/checkedCast.hpp"
  33 #include "utilities/compilerWarnings.hpp"
  34 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  35 #include "utilities/forbiddenFunctions.hpp"
  36 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  37 
  38 #include COMPILER_HEADER(utilities/globalDefinitions)
  39 
  40 #include <cstdint>
  41 
  42 class oopDesc;
  43 
  44 // Defaults for macros that might be defined per compiler.
  45 #ifndef NOINLINE
  46 #define NOINLINE
  47 #endif
  48 #ifndef ALWAYSINLINE
  49 #define ALWAYSINLINE inline
  50 #endif
  51 
  52 #ifndef ATTRIBUTE_ALIGNED
  53 #define ATTRIBUTE_ALIGNED(x) alignas(x)
  54 #endif
  55 
  56 #ifndef ATTRIBUTE_FLATTEN
  57 #define ATTRIBUTE_FLATTEN
  58 #endif
  59 
  60 // These are #defines to selectively turn on/off the Print(Opto)Assembly
  61 // capabilities. Choices should be led by a tradeoff between
  62 // code size and improved supportability.
  63 // if PRINT_ASSEMBLY then PRINT_ABSTRACT_ASSEMBLY must be true as well
  64 // to have a fallback in case hsdis is not available.
  65 #if defined(PRODUCT)
  66   #define SUPPORT_ABSTRACT_ASSEMBLY
  67   #define SUPPORT_ASSEMBLY
  68   #undef  SUPPORT_OPTO_ASSEMBLY      // Can't activate. In PRODUCT, many dump methods are missing.
  69   #undef  SUPPORT_DATA_STRUCTS       // Of limited use. In PRODUCT, many print methods are empty.
  70 #else
  71   #define SUPPORT_ABSTRACT_ASSEMBLY
  72   #define SUPPORT_ASSEMBLY
  73   #define SUPPORT_OPTO_ASSEMBLY
  74   #define SUPPORT_DATA_STRUCTS
  75 #endif
  76 #if defined(SUPPORT_ASSEMBLY) && !defined(SUPPORT_ABSTRACT_ASSEMBLY)
  77   #define SUPPORT_ABSTRACT_ASSEMBLY
  78 #endif
  79 
  80 // This file holds all globally used constants & types, class (forward)
  81 // declarations and a few frequently used utility functions.
  82 
  83 // Declare the named class to be noncopyable.  This macro must be followed by
  84 // a semi-colon.  The macro provides deleted declarations for the class's copy
  85 // constructor and assignment operator.  Because these operations are deleted,
  86 // they cannot be defined and potential callers will fail to compile.
  87 #define NONCOPYABLE(C) C(C const&) = delete; C& operator=(C const&) = delete /* next token must be ; */
  88 
  89 // offset_of was a workaround for UB with offsetof uses that are no longer an
  90 // issue.  This can be removed once all uses have been converted.
  91 #define offset_of(klass, field) offsetof(klass, field)
  92 
  93 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  94 // Printf-style formatters for fixed- and variable-width types as pointers and
  95 // integers.  These are derived from the definitions in inttypes.h.  If the platform
  96 // doesn't provide appropriate definitions, they should be provided in
  97 // the compiler-specific definitions file (e.g., globalDefinitions_gcc.hpp)
  98 
  99 // Guide to the suffixes used in the format specifiers for integers:
 100 //        - print the decimal value:                   745565
 101 //  _X    - print as hexadecimal, without leading 0s: 0x12345
 102 //  _X_0  - print as hexadecimal, with leading 0s: 0x00012345
 103 //  _W(w) - prints w sized string with the given value right
 104 //          adjusted. Use -w to print left adjusted.
 105 //  _0    - print as hexadecimal, with leading 0s, without 0x prefix: 0012345
 106 //
 107 // Note that the PTR format specifiers print using 0x with leading zeros,
 108 // just like the _X_0 version for integers.
 109 
 110 // Format 8-bit quantities.
 111 #define INT8_FORMAT_X_0          "0x%02"      PRIx8
 112 #define UINT8_FORMAT_X_0         "0x%02"      PRIx8
 113 
 114 // Format 16-bit quantities.
 115 #define INT16_FORMAT_X_0         "0x%04"      PRIx16
 116 #define UINT16_FORMAT_X_0        "0x%04"      PRIx16
 117 
 118 // Format 32-bit quantities.
 119 #define INT32_FORMAT             "%"          PRId32
 120 #define INT32_FORMAT_X           "0x%"        PRIx32
 121 #define INT32_FORMAT_X_0         "0x%08"      PRIx32
 122 #define INT32_FORMAT_W(width)    "%"   #width PRId32
 123 #define UINT32_FORMAT            "%"          PRIu32
 124 #define UINT32_FORMAT_X          "0x%"        PRIx32
 125 #define UINT32_FORMAT_X_0        "0x%08"      PRIx32
 126 #define UINT32_FORMAT_W(width)   "%"   #width PRIu32
 127 
 128 // Format 64-bit quantities.
 129 #define INT64_FORMAT             "%"          PRId64
 130 #define INT64_PLUS_FORMAT        "%+"         PRId64
 131 #define INT64_FORMAT_X           "0x%"        PRIx64
 132 #define INT64_FORMAT_X_0         "0x%016"     PRIx64
 133 #define INT64_FORMAT_W(width)    "%"   #width PRId64
 134 #define UINT64_FORMAT            "%"          PRIu64
 135 #define UINT64_FORMAT_X          "0x%"        PRIx64
 136 #define UINT64_FORMAT_X_0        "0x%016"     PRIx64
 137 #define UINT64_FORMAT_W(width)   "%"   #width PRIu64
 138 #define UINT64_FORMAT_0          "%016"       PRIx64
 139 #define PHYS_MEM_TYPE_FORMAT     "%"          PRIu64
 140 
 141 // Format jlong, if necessary
 142 #ifndef JLONG_FORMAT
 143 #define JLONG_FORMAT             INT64_FORMAT
 144 #endif
 145 #ifndef JLONG_FORMAT_W
 146 #define JLONG_FORMAT_W(width)    INT64_FORMAT_W(width)
 147 #endif
 148 #ifndef JULONG_FORMAT
 149 #define JULONG_FORMAT            UINT64_FORMAT
 150 #endif
 151 #ifndef JULONG_FORMAT_X
 152 #define JULONG_FORMAT_X          UINT64_FORMAT_X
 153 #endif
 154 #ifndef JULONG_FORMAT_W
 155 #define JULONG_FORMAT_W(width)   UINT64_FORMAT_W(width)
 156 #endif
 157 
 158 // Format pointers and padded integral values which change size between 32- and 64-bit.
 159 #ifdef  _LP64
 160 #define INTPTR_FORMAT            "0x%016"     PRIxPTR
 161 #define PTR_FORMAT               "0x%016"     PRIxPTR
 162 #define UINTX_FORMAT_X_0         "0x%016"     PRIxPTR
 163 #define SIZE_FORMAT_X_0          "0x%016"     PRIxPTR
 164 #else   // !_LP64
 165 #define INTPTR_FORMAT            "0x%08"      PRIxPTR
 166 #define PTR_FORMAT               "0x%08"      PRIxPTR
 167 #define UINTX_FORMAT_X_0         "0x%08"      PRIxPTR
 168 #define SIZE_FORMAT_X_0          "0x%08"      PRIxPTR
 169 #endif  // _LP64
 170 
 171 
 172 template<size_t N>
 173 constexpr auto sizeof_auto_impl() {
 174   if constexpr (N <= std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max()) return uint8_t(N);
 175   else if constexpr (N <= std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max()) return uint16_t(N);
 176   else if constexpr (N <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) return uint32_t(N);
 177   else return uint64_t(N);
 178 }
 179 
 180 // Yields the size (in bytes) of the operand, using the smallest
 181 // unsigned type that can represent the size value. The operand may be
 182 // an expression, which is an unevaluated operand, or it may be a
 183 // type. All of the restrictions for sizeof operands apply to the
 184 // operand. The result is a constant expression.
 185 //
 186 // Example of correct usage of sizeof/sizeof_auto:
 187 //   // this will wrap using sizeof_auto, use sizeof to ensure computation using size_t
 188 //   size_t size = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max() * sizeof(uint16_t);
 189 //   // implicit narrowing conversion or compiler warning/error using stricter compiler flags when using sizeof
 190 //   int count = 42 / sizeof_auto(uint16_t);
 191 
 192 #define sizeof_auto(...) sizeof_auto_impl<sizeof(__VA_ARGS__)>()
 193 
 194 // Convert pointer to intptr_t, for use in printing pointers.
 195 inline intptr_t p2i(const volatile void* p) {
 196   return (intptr_t) p;
 197 }
 198 
 199 // Convert pointer to uintptr_t
 200 inline uintptr_t p2u(const volatile void* p) {
 201   return (uintptr_t) p;
 202 }
 203 
 204 #define BOOL_TO_STR(_b_) ((_b_) ? "true" : "false")
 205 
 206 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 207 // Constants
 208 
 209 const int LogBytesPerShort   = 1;
 210 const int LogBytesPerInt     = 2;
 211 #ifdef _LP64
 212 constexpr int LogBytesPerWord    = 3;
 213 #else
 214 constexpr int LogBytesPerWord    = 2;
 215 #endif
 216 const int LogBytesPerLong    = 3;
 217 
 218 const int BytesPerShort      = 1 << LogBytesPerShort;
 219 const int BytesPerInt        = 1 << LogBytesPerInt;
 220 const int BytesPerWord       = 1 << LogBytesPerWord;
 221 const int BytesPerLong       = 1 << LogBytesPerLong;
 222 
 223 constexpr int LogBitsPerByte     = 3;
 224 const int LogBitsPerShort    = LogBitsPerByte + LogBytesPerShort;
 225 const int LogBitsPerInt      = LogBitsPerByte + LogBytesPerInt;
 226 constexpr int LogBitsPerWord     = LogBitsPerByte + LogBytesPerWord;
 227 const int LogBitsPerLong     = LogBitsPerByte + LogBytesPerLong;
 228 
 229 const int BitsPerByte        = 1 << LogBitsPerByte;
 230 const int BitsPerShort       = 1 << LogBitsPerShort;
 231 const int BitsPerInt         = 1 << LogBitsPerInt;
 232 constexpr int BitsPerWord        = 1 << LogBitsPerWord;
 233 const int BitsPerLong        = 1 << LogBitsPerLong;
 234 
 235 const int WordAlignmentMask  = (1 << LogBytesPerWord) - 1;
 236 const int LongAlignmentMask  = (1 << LogBytesPerLong) - 1;
 237 
 238 const int oopSize            = sizeof(char*); // Full-width oop
 239 extern int heapOopSize;                       // Oop within a java object
 240 const int wordSize           = sizeof(char*);
 241 const int longSize           = sizeof(jlong);
 242 const int jintSize           = sizeof(jint);
 243 const int size_tSize         = sizeof(size_t);
 244 
 245 const int BytesPerOop        = BytesPerWord;  // Full-width oop
 246 
 247 extern int LogBytesPerHeapOop;                // Oop within a java object
 248 extern int LogBitsPerHeapOop;
 249 extern int BytesPerHeapOop;
 250 extern int BitsPerHeapOop;
 251 
 252 const int BitsPerJavaInteger = 32;
 253 const int BitsPerJavaLong    = 64;
 254 const int BitsPerSize_t      = size_tSize * BitsPerByte;
 255 
 256 // Size of a char[] needed to represent a jint as a string in decimal.
 257 const int jintAsStringSize = 12;
 258 
 259 // An opaque type, so that HeapWord* can be a generic pointer into the heap.
 260 // We require that object sizes be measured in units of heap words (e.g.
 261 // pointer-sized values), so that given HeapWord* hw,
 262 //   hw += oop(hw)->foo();
 263 // works, where foo is a method (like size or scavenge) that returns the
 264 // object size.
 265 class HeapWordImpl;             // Opaque, never defined.
 266 typedef HeapWordImpl* HeapWord;
 267 
 268 // Analogous opaque struct for metadata allocated from metaspaces.
 269 class MetaWordImpl;             // Opaque, never defined.
 270 typedef MetaWordImpl* MetaWord;
 271 
 272 // HeapWordSize must be 2^LogHeapWordSize.
 273 const int HeapWordSize        = sizeof(HeapWord);
 274 #ifdef _LP64
 275 const int LogHeapWordSize     = 3;
 276 #else
 277 const int LogHeapWordSize     = 2;
 278 #endif
 279 const int HeapWordsPerLong    = BytesPerLong / HeapWordSize;
 280 const int LogHeapWordsPerLong = LogBytesPerLong - LogHeapWordSize;
 281 
 282 // The minimum number of native machine words necessary to contain "byte_size"
 283 // bytes.
 284 inline size_t heap_word_size(size_t byte_size) {
 285   return (byte_size + (HeapWordSize-1)) >> LogHeapWordSize;
 286 }
 287 
 288 inline jfloat jfloat_cast(jint x);
 289 inline jdouble jdouble_cast(jlong x);
 290 
 291 //-------------------------------------------
 292 // Constant for jlong (standardized by C++11)
 293 
 294 // Build a 64bit integer constant
 295 #define CONST64(x)  (x ## LL)
 296 #define UCONST64(x) (x ## ULL)
 297 
 298 const jlong min_jlong = CONST64(0x8000000000000000);
 299 const jlong max_jlong = CONST64(0x7fffffffffffffff);
 300 
 301 // for timer info max values which include all bits, 0xffffffffffffffff
 302 const jlong all_bits_jlong = ~jlong(0);
 303 
 304 //-------------------------------------------
 305 // Constant for jdouble
 306 const jlong min_jlongDouble = CONST64(0x0000000000000001);
 307 const jdouble min_jdouble = jdouble_cast(min_jlongDouble);
 308 const jlong max_jlongDouble = CONST64(0x7fefffffffffffff);
 309 const jdouble max_jdouble = jdouble_cast(max_jlongDouble);
 310 
 311 const size_t K                  = 1024;
 312 const size_t M                  = K*K;
 313 const size_t G                  = M*K;
 314 
 315 // Constants for converting from a base unit to milli-base units.  For
 316 // example from seconds to milliseconds and microseconds
 317 
 318 const int MILLIUNITS    = 1000;         // milli units per base unit
 319 const int MICROUNITS    = 1000000;      // micro units per base unit
 320 const int NANOUNITS     = 1000000000;   // nano units per base unit
 321 const int NANOUNITS_PER_MILLIUNIT = NANOUNITS / MILLIUNITS;
 322 
 323 const jlong NANOSECS_PER_SEC      = CONST64(1000000000);
 324 const jint  NANOSECS_PER_MILLISEC = 1000000;
 325 
 326 
 327 // Unit conversion functions
 328 // The caller is responsible for considering overflow.
 329 
 330 inline int64_t nanos_to_millis(int64_t nanos) {
 331   return nanos / NANOUNITS_PER_MILLIUNIT;
 332 }
 333 inline int64_t millis_to_nanos(int64_t millis) {
 334   return millis * NANOUNITS_PER_MILLIUNIT;
 335 }
 336 
 337 // Proper units routines try to maintain at least three significant digits.
 338 // In worst case, it would print five significant digits with lower prefix.
 339 // G is close to MAX_SIZE on 32-bit platforms, so its product can easily overflow,
 340 // and therefore we need to be careful.
 341 
 342 inline const char* proper_unit_for_byte_size(size_t s) {
 343 #ifdef _LP64
 344   if (s >= 100*G) {
 345     return "G";
 346   }
 347 #endif
 348   if (s >= 100*M) {
 349     return "M";
 350   } else if (s >= 100*K) {
 351     return "K";
 352   } else {
 353     return "B";
 354   }
 355 }
 356 
 357 template <class T>
 358 inline T byte_size_in_proper_unit(T s) {
 359 #ifdef _LP64
 360   if (s >= 100*G) {
 361     return (T)(s/G);
 362   }
 363 #endif
 364   if (s >= 100*M) {
 365     return (T)(s/M);
 366   } else if (s >= 100*K) {
 367     return (T)(s/K);
 368   } else {
 369     return s;
 370   }
 371 }
 372 
 373 #define PROPERFMT             "%zu%s"
 374 #define PROPERFMTARGS(s)      byte_size_in_proper_unit<size_t>(s), proper_unit_for_byte_size(s)
 375 
 376 // Printing a range, with start and bytes given
 377 #define RANGEFMT              "[" PTR_FORMAT " - " PTR_FORMAT "), (%zu bytes)"
 378 #define RANGEFMTARGS(p1, size) p2i(p1), p2i(p1 + size), size
 379 
 380 // Printing a range, with start and end given
 381 #define RANGE2FMT             "[" PTR_FORMAT " - " PTR_FORMAT "), (%zu bytes)"
 382 #define RANGE2FMTARGS(p1, p2) p2i(p1), p2i(p2), ((uintptr_t)p2 - (uintptr_t)p1)
 383 
 384 inline const char* exact_unit_for_byte_size(size_t s) {
 385 #ifdef _LP64
 386   if (s >= G && (s % G) == 0) {
 387     return "G";
 388   }
 389 #endif
 390   if (s >= M && (s % M) == 0) {
 391     return "M";
 392   }
 393   if (s >= K && (s % K) == 0) {
 394     return "K";
 395   }
 396   return "B";
 397 }
 398 
 399 inline size_t byte_size_in_exact_unit(size_t s) {
 400 #ifdef _LP64
 401   if (s >= G && (s % G) == 0) {
 402     return s / G;
 403   }
 404 #endif
 405   if (s >= M && (s % M) == 0) {
 406     return s / M;
 407   }
 408   if (s >= K && (s % K) == 0) {
 409     return s / K;
 410   }
 411   return s;
 412 }
 413 
 414 #define EXACTFMT            "%zu%s"
 415 #define EXACTFMTARGS(s)     byte_size_in_exact_unit(s), exact_unit_for_byte_size(s)
 416 
 417 // Memory size transition formatting.
 418 
 419 #define HEAP_CHANGE_FORMAT "%s: %zuK(%zuK)->%zuK(%zuK)"
 420 
 421 #define HEAP_CHANGE_FORMAT_ARGS(_name_, _prev_used_, _prev_capacity_, _used_, _capacity_) \
 422   (_name_), (_prev_used_) / K, (_prev_capacity_) / K, (_used_) / K, (_capacity_) / K
 423 
 424 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 425 // VM type definitions
 426 
 427 // intx and uintx are the 'extended' int and 'extended' unsigned int types;
 428 // they are 32bit wide on a 32-bit platform, and 64bit wide on a 64bit platform.
 429 
 430 typedef intptr_t  intx;
 431 typedef uintptr_t uintx;
 432 
 433 const intx  min_intx  = (intx)1 << (sizeof(intx)*BitsPerByte-1);
 434 const intx  max_intx  = (uintx)min_intx - 1;
 435 const uintx max_uintx = (uintx)-1;
 436 
 437 // Table of values:
 438 //      sizeof intx         4               8
 439 // min_intx             0x80000000      0x8000000000000000
 440 // max_intx             0x7FFFFFFF      0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
 441 // max_uintx            0xFFFFFFFF      0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
 442 
 443 typedef unsigned int uint;   NEEDS_CLEANUP
 444 
 445 // This typedef is to address the issue of running a 32-bit VM. In this case the amount
 446 // of physical memory may not fit in size_t, so we have to have a larger type. Once 32-bit
 447 // is deprecated, one can use size_t.
 448 typedef uint64_t physical_memory_size_type;
 449 
 450 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 451 // Java type definitions
 452 
 453 // All kinds of 'plain' byte addresses
 454 typedef   signed char s_char;
 455 typedef unsigned char u_char;
 456 typedef u_char*       address;
 457 typedef const u_char* const_address;
 458 
 459 // Pointer subtraction, calculating high - low. Asserts on underflow.
 460 //
 461 // The idea here is to avoid ptrdiff_t, which is signed and so doesn't have
 462 // the range we might need to find differences from one end of the heap
 463 // to the other.
 464 // A typical use might be:
 465 //     if (pointer_delta(end(), top()) >= size) {
 466 //       // enough room for an object of size
 467 //       ...
 468 // and then additions like
 469 //       ... top() + size ...
 470 // are safe because we know that top() is at least size below end().
 471 inline size_t pointer_delta(const volatile void* high,
 472                             const volatile void* low,
 473                             size_t element_size) {
 474   assert(high >= low, "avoid underflow - high address: " PTR_FORMAT " low address: " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(high), p2i(low));
 475   return (((uintptr_t) high) - ((uintptr_t) low)) / element_size;
 476 }
 477 
 478 // A version specialized for HeapWord*'s.
 479 inline size_t pointer_delta(const HeapWord* high, const HeapWord* low) {
 480   return pointer_delta(high, low, sizeof(HeapWord));
 481 }
 482 // A version specialized for MetaWord*'s.
 483 inline size_t pointer_delta(const MetaWord* high, const MetaWord* low) {
 484   return pointer_delta(high, low, sizeof(MetaWord));
 485 }
 486 
 487 // pointer_delta_as_int is called to do pointer subtraction for nearby pointers that
 488 // returns a non-negative int, usually used as a size of a code buffer range.
 489 // This scales to sizeof(T).
 490 template <typename T>
 491 inline int pointer_delta_as_int(const volatile T* high, const volatile T* low) {
 492   size_t delta = pointer_delta(high, low, sizeof(T));
 493   assert(delta <= size_t(INT_MAX), "pointer delta out of range: %zu", delta);
 494   return static_cast<int>(delta);
 495 }
 496 
 497 //
 498 // ANSI C++ does not allow casting from one pointer type to a function pointer
 499 // directly without at best a warning. This macro accomplishes it silently
 500 // In every case that is present at this point the value be cast is a pointer
 501 // to a C linkage function. In some case the type used for the cast reflects
 502 // that linkage and a picky compiler would not complain. In other cases because
 503 // there is no convenient place to place a typedef with extern C linkage (i.e
 504 // a platform dependent header file) it doesn't. At this point no compiler seems
 505 // picky enough to catch these instances (which are few). It is possible that
 506 // using templates could fix these for all cases. This use of templates is likely
 507 // so far from the middle of the road that it is likely to be problematic in
 508 // many C++ compilers.
 509 //
 510 #define CAST_TO_FN_PTR(func_type, value) (reinterpret_cast<func_type>(value))
 511 #define CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(new_type, func_ptr) ((new_type)((uintptr_t)(func_ptr)))
 512 
 513 // Need the correct linkage to call qsort without warnings
 514 extern "C" {
 515   typedef int (*_sort_Fn)(const void *, const void *);
 516 }
 517 
 518 // Additional Java basic types
 519 
 520 typedef uint8_t  jubyte;
 521 typedef uint16_t jushort;
 522 typedef uint32_t juint;
 523 typedef uint64_t julong;
 524 
 525 // Unsigned byte types for os and stream.hpp
 526 
 527 // Unsigned one, two, four and eight byte quantities used for describing
 528 // the .class file format. See JVM book chapter 4.
 529 
 530 typedef jubyte  u1;
 531 typedef jushort u2;
 532 typedef juint   u4;
 533 typedef julong  u8;
 534 
 535 const jubyte  max_jubyte  = (jubyte)-1;  // 0xFF       largest jubyte
 536 const jushort max_jushort = (jushort)-1; // 0xFFFF     largest jushort
 537 const juint   max_juint   = (juint)-1;   // 0xFFFFFFFF largest juint
 538 const julong  max_julong  = (julong)-1;  // 0xFF....FF largest julong
 539 
 540 typedef jbyte  s1;
 541 typedef jshort s2;
 542 typedef jint   s4;
 543 typedef jlong  s8;
 544 
 545 const jbyte min_jbyte = -(1 << 7);       // smallest jbyte
 546 const jbyte max_jbyte = (1 << 7) - 1;    // largest jbyte
 547 const jshort min_jshort = -(1 << 15);    // smallest jshort
 548 const jshort max_jshort = (1 << 15) - 1; // largest jshort
 549 
 550 const jint min_jint = (jint)1 << (sizeof(jint)*BitsPerByte-1); // 0x80000000 == smallest jint
 551 const jint max_jint = (juint)min_jint - 1;                     // 0x7FFFFFFF == largest jint
 552 
 553 const jint min_jintFloat = (jint)(0x00000001);
 554 const jfloat min_jfloat = jfloat_cast(min_jintFloat);
 555 const jint max_jintFloat = (jint)(0x7f7fffff);
 556 const jfloat max_jfloat = jfloat_cast(max_jintFloat);
 557 
 558 const jshort max_jfloat16 = 31743;
 559 const jshort min_jfloat16 = 1;
 560 const jshort one_jfloat16 = 15360;
 561 const jshort pos_inf_jfloat16 = 31744;
 562 const jshort neg_inf_jfloat16 = -1024;
 563 // A named constant for the integral representation of a Java null.
 564 const intptr_t NULL_WORD = 0;
 565 
 566 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 567 // JVM spec restrictions
 568 
 569 const int max_method_code_size = 64*K - 1;  // JVM spec, 2nd ed. section 4.8.1 (p.134)
 570 const int max_method_parameter_length = 255; // JVM spec, 22nd ed. section 4.3.3 (p.83)
 571 
 572 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 573 // old CDS options
 574 extern bool RequireSharedSpaces;
 575 extern "C" {
 576 // Make sure UseSharedSpaces is accessible to the serviceability agent.
 577 extern JNIEXPORT jboolean UseSharedSpaces;
 578 }
 579 
 580 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 581 // Object alignment, in units of HeapWords.
 582 //
 583 // Minimum is max(BytesPerLong, BytesPerDouble, BytesPerOop) / HeapWordSize, so jlong, jdouble and
 584 // reference fields can be naturally aligned.
 585 
 586 extern int MinObjAlignment;
 587 extern int MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
 588 extern int MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask;
 589 
 590 extern int LogMinObjAlignment;
 591 extern int LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
 592 
 593 // Maximal size of heap where unscaled compression can be used. Also upper bound
 594 // for heap placement: 4GB.
 595 const  uint64_t UnscaledOopHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
 596 // Maximal size of heap where compressed oops can be used. Also upper bound for heap
 597 // placement for zero based compression algorithm: UnscaledOopHeapMax << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes.
 598 extern uint64_t OopEncodingHeapMax;
 599 
 600 // Machine dependent stuff
 601 
 602 #include CPU_HEADER(globalDefinitions)
 603 
 604 // The maximum size of the code cache.  Can be overridden by targets.
 605 #ifndef CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT
 606 #define CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT (2*G)
 607 #endif
 608 
 609 // Allow targets to reduce the default size of the code cache.
 610 #define CODE_CACHE_DEFAULT_LIMIT CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT
 611 
 612 // To assure the IRIW property on processors that are not multiple copy
 613 // atomic, sync instructions must be issued between volatile reads to
 614 // assure their ordering, instead of after volatile stores.
 615 // (See "A Tutorial Introduction to the ARM and POWER Relaxed Memory Models"
 616 // by Luc Maranget, Susmit Sarkar and Peter Sewell, INRIA/Cambridge)
 617 #ifdef CPU_MULTI_COPY_ATOMIC
 618 // Not needed.
 619 const bool support_IRIW_for_not_multiple_copy_atomic_cpu = false;
 620 #else
 621 // From all non-multi-copy-atomic architectures, only PPC64 supports IRIW at the moment.
 622 // Final decision is subject to JEP 188: Java Memory Model Update.
 623 const bool support_IRIW_for_not_multiple_copy_atomic_cpu = PPC64_ONLY(true) NOT_PPC64(false);
 624 #endif
 625 
 626 // The expected size in bytes of a cache line.
 627 #ifndef DEFAULT_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
 628 #error "Platform should define DEFAULT_CACHE_LINE_SIZE"
 629 #endif
 630 
 631 // The default padding size for data structures to avoid false sharing.
 632 #ifndef DEFAULT_PADDING_SIZE
 633 #error "Platform should define DEFAULT_PADDING_SIZE"
 634 #endif
 635 
 636 
 637 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 638 // Prototyping
 639 // "Code Missing Here" macro, un-define when integrating back from prototyping stage and break
 640 // compilation on purpose (i.e. "forget me not")
 641 #define PROTOTYPE
 642 #ifdef PROTOTYPE
 643 #define CMH(m)
 644 #endif
 645 
 646 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 647 // Miscellaneous
 648 
 649 // 6302670 Eliminate Hotspot __fabsf dependency
 650 // All fabs() callers should call this function instead, which will implicitly
 651 // convert the operand to double, avoiding a dependency on __fabsf which
 652 // doesn't exist in early versions of Solaris 8.
 653 inline double fabsd(double value) {
 654   return fabs(value);
 655 }
 656 
 657 // Returns numerator/denominator as percentage value from 0 to 100. If denominator
 658 // is zero, return 0.0.
 659 template<typename T>
 660 inline double percent_of(T numerator, T denominator) {
 661   return denominator != 0 ? (double)numerator / (double)denominator * 100.0 : 0.0;
 662 }
 663 
 664 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 665 // Special casts
 666 // Cast floats into same-size integers and vice-versa w/o changing bit-pattern
 667 typedef union {
 668   jfloat f;
 669   jint i;
 670 } FloatIntConv;
 671 
 672 typedef union {
 673   jdouble d;
 674   jlong l;
 675   julong ul;
 676 } DoubleLongConv;
 677 
 678 inline jint    jint_cast    (jfloat  x)  { return ((FloatIntConv*)&x)->i; }
 679 inline jfloat  jfloat_cast  (jint    x)  { return ((FloatIntConv*)&x)->f; }
 680 
 681 inline jlong   jlong_cast   (jdouble x)  { return ((DoubleLongConv*)&x)->l;  }
 682 inline julong  julong_cast  (jdouble x)  { return ((DoubleLongConv*)&x)->ul; }
 683 inline jdouble jdouble_cast (jlong   x)  { return ((DoubleLongConv*)&x)->d;  }
 684 
 685 inline jint low (jlong value)                    { return jint(value); }
 686 inline jint high(jlong value)                    { return jint(value >> 32); }
 687 
 688 inline jlong jlong_from(jint h, jint l) {
 689   // First cast jint values to juint, so cast to julong will zero-extend.
 690   julong high = (julong)(juint)h << 32;
 691   julong low = (julong)(juint)l;
 692   return (jlong)(high | low);
 693 }
 694 
 695 union jlong_accessor {
 696   jint  words[2];
 697   jlong long_value;
 698 };
 699 
 700 void basic_types_init(); // cannot define here; uses assert
 701 
 702 
 703 // NOTE: replicated in SA in vm/agent/sun/jvm/hotspot/runtime/BasicType.java
 704 enum BasicType : u1 {
 705 // The values T_BOOLEAN..T_LONG (4..11) are derived from the JVMS.
 706   T_BOOLEAN     = JVM_T_BOOLEAN,
 707   T_CHAR        = JVM_T_CHAR,
 708   T_FLOAT       = JVM_T_FLOAT,
 709   T_DOUBLE      = JVM_T_DOUBLE,
 710   T_BYTE        = JVM_T_BYTE,
 711   T_SHORT       = JVM_T_SHORT,
 712   T_INT         = JVM_T_INT,
 713   T_LONG        = JVM_T_LONG,
 714   // The remaining values are not part of any standard.
 715   // T_OBJECT and T_VOID denote two more semantic choices
 716   // for method return values.
 717   // T_OBJECT and T_ARRAY describe signature syntax.
 718   // T_ADDRESS, T_METADATA, T_NARROWOOP, T_NARROWKLASS describe
 719   // internal references within the JVM as if they were Java
 720   // types in their own right.
 721   T_OBJECT      = 12,
 722   T_ARRAY       = 13,
 723   T_VOID        = 14,
 724   T_FLAT_ELEMENT = 15, // Not a true BasicType, only used in layout helpers of flat arrays
 725   T_ADDRESS     = 16,
 726   T_NARROWOOP   = 17,
 727   T_METADATA    = 18,
 728   T_NARROWKLASS = 19,
 729   T_CONFLICT    = 20, // for stack value type with conflicting contents
 730   T_ILLEGAL     = 99
 731 };
 732 
 733 #define SIGNATURE_TYPES_DO(F, N)                \
 734     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_BOOLEAN, T_BOOLEAN, N)      \
 735     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_CHAR,    T_CHAR,    N)      \
 736     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_FLOAT,   T_FLOAT,   N)      \
 737     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_DOUBLE,  T_DOUBLE,  N)      \
 738     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_BYTE,    T_BYTE,    N)      \
 739     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_SHORT,   T_SHORT,   N)      \
 740     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_INT,     T_INT,     N)      \
 741     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_LONG,    T_LONG,    N)      \
 742     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_CLASS,   T_OBJECT,  N)      \
 743     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_ARRAY,   T_ARRAY,   N)      \
 744     F(JVM_SIGNATURE_VOID,    T_VOID,    N)      \
 745     /*end*/
 746 
 747 inline bool is_java_type(BasicType t) {
 748   return T_BOOLEAN <= t && t <= T_VOID;
 749 }
 750 
 751 inline bool is_java_primitive(BasicType t) {
 752   return T_BOOLEAN <= t && t <= T_LONG;
 753 }
 754 
 755 inline bool is_subword_type(BasicType t) {
 756   // these guys are processed exactly like T_INT in calling sequences:
 757   return (t == T_BOOLEAN || t == T_CHAR || t == T_BYTE || t == T_SHORT);
 758 }
 759 
 760 inline bool is_signed_subword_type(BasicType t) {
 761   return (t == T_BYTE || t == T_SHORT);
 762 }
 763 
 764 inline bool is_unsigned_subword_type(BasicType t) {
 765   return (t == T_BOOLEAN || t == T_CHAR);
 766 }
 767 
 768 inline bool is_double_word_type(BasicType t) {
 769   return (t == T_DOUBLE || t == T_LONG);
 770 }
 771 
 772 inline bool is_reference_type(BasicType t, bool include_narrow_oop = false) {
 773   assert(t != T_FLAT_ELEMENT, "");  // Strong assert to detect misuses of T_FLAT_ELEMENT
 774   return (t == T_OBJECT || t == T_ARRAY || (include_narrow_oop && t == T_NARROWOOP));
 775 }
 776 
 777 inline bool is_integral_type(BasicType t) {
 778   return is_subword_type(t) || t == T_INT || t == T_LONG;
 779 }
 780 
 781 inline bool is_non_subword_integral_type(BasicType t) {
 782   return t == T_INT || t == T_LONG;
 783 }
 784 
 785 inline bool is_floating_point_type(BasicType t) {
 786   return (t == T_FLOAT || t == T_DOUBLE);
 787 }
 788 
 789 extern char type2char_tab[T_CONFLICT+1];     // Map a BasicType to a jchar
 790 inline char type2char(BasicType t) { return (uint)t < T_CONFLICT+1 ? type2char_tab[t] : 0; }
 791 extern int type2size[T_CONFLICT+1];         // Map BasicType to result stack elements
 792 extern const char* type2name_tab[T_CONFLICT+1];     // Map a BasicType to a char*
 793 extern BasicType name2type(const char* name);
 794 
 795 const char* type2name(BasicType t);
 796 
 797 inline jlong max_signed_integer(BasicType bt) {
 798   if (bt == T_INT) {
 799     return max_jint;
 800   }
 801   assert(bt == T_LONG, "unsupported");
 802   return max_jlong;
 803 }
 804 
 805 inline jlong min_signed_integer(BasicType bt) {
 806   if (bt == T_INT) {
 807     return min_jint;
 808   }
 809   assert(bt == T_LONG, "unsupported");
 810   return min_jlong;
 811 }
 812 
 813 inline julong max_unsigned_integer(BasicType bt) {
 814   if (bt == T_INT) {
 815     return max_juint;
 816   }
 817   assert(bt == T_LONG, "unsupported");
 818   return max_julong;
 819 }
 820 
 821 inline uint bits_per_java_integer(BasicType bt) {
 822   if (bt == T_INT) {
 823     return BitsPerJavaInteger;
 824   }
 825   assert(bt == T_LONG, "int or long only");
 826   return BitsPerJavaLong;
 827 }
 828 
 829 // Auxiliary math routines
 830 // least common multiple
 831 extern size_t lcm(size_t a, size_t b);
 832 
 833 
 834 // NOTE: replicated in SA in vm/agent/sun/jvm/hotspot/runtime/BasicType.java
 835 enum BasicTypeSize {
 836   T_BOOLEAN_size     = 1,
 837   T_CHAR_size        = 1,
 838   T_FLOAT_size       = 1,
 839   T_DOUBLE_size      = 2,
 840   T_BYTE_size        = 1,
 841   T_SHORT_size       = 1,
 842   T_INT_size         = 1,
 843   T_LONG_size        = 2,
 844   T_OBJECT_size      = 1,
 845   T_ARRAY_size       = 1,
 846   T_NARROWOOP_size   = 1,
 847   T_NARROWKLASS_size = 1,
 848   T_VOID_size        = 0,
 849   T_FLAT_ELEMENT_size = 0
 850 };
 851 
 852 // this works on valid parameter types but not T_VOID, T_CONFLICT, etc.
 853 inline int parameter_type_word_count(BasicType t) {
 854   if (is_double_word_type(t))  return 2;
 855   assert(is_java_primitive(t) || is_reference_type(t), "no goofy types here please");
 856   assert(type2size[t] == 1, "must be");
 857   return 1;
 858 }
 859 
 860 // maps a BasicType to its instance field storage type:
 861 // all sub-word integral types are widened to T_INT
 862 extern BasicType type2field[T_CONFLICT+1];
 863 extern BasicType type2wfield[T_CONFLICT+1];
 864 
 865 
 866 // size in bytes
 867 enum ArrayElementSize {
 868   T_BOOLEAN_aelem_bytes     = 1,
 869   T_CHAR_aelem_bytes        = 2,
 870   T_FLOAT_aelem_bytes       = 4,
 871   T_DOUBLE_aelem_bytes      = 8,
 872   T_BYTE_aelem_bytes        = 1,
 873   T_SHORT_aelem_bytes       = 2,
 874   T_INT_aelem_bytes         = 4,
 875   T_LONG_aelem_bytes        = 8,
 876 #ifdef _LP64
 877   T_OBJECT_aelem_bytes      = 8,
 878   T_ARRAY_aelem_bytes       = 8,
 879 #else
 880   T_OBJECT_aelem_bytes      = 4,
 881   T_ARRAY_aelem_bytes       = 4,
 882 #endif
 883   T_NARROWOOP_aelem_bytes   = 4,
 884   T_NARROWKLASS_aelem_bytes = 4,
 885   T_VOID_aelem_bytes        = 0,
 886   T_FLAT_ELEMENT_aelem_bytes = 0
 887 };
 888 
 889 extern int _type2aelembytes[T_CONFLICT+1]; // maps a BasicType to nof bytes used by its array element
 890 #ifdef ASSERT
 891 extern int type2aelembytes(BasicType t, bool allow_address = false); // asserts
 892 #else
 893 inline int type2aelembytes(BasicType t, bool allow_address = false) { return _type2aelembytes[t]; }
 894 #endif
 895 
 896 inline bool same_type_or_subword_size(BasicType t1, BasicType t2) {
 897   return (t1 == t2) || (is_subword_type(t1) && type2aelembytes(t1) == type2aelembytes(t2));
 898 }
 899 
 900 // JavaValue serves as a container for arbitrary Java values.
 901 
 902 class JavaValue {
 903 
 904  public:
 905   typedef union JavaCallValue {
 906     jfloat   f;
 907     jdouble  d;
 908     jint     i;
 909     jlong    l;
 910     jobject  h;
 911     oopDesc* o;
 912   } JavaCallValue;
 913 
 914  private:
 915   BasicType _type;
 916   JavaCallValue _value;
 917 
 918  public:
 919   JavaValue(BasicType t = T_ILLEGAL) { _type = t; }
 920 
 921   JavaValue(jfloat value) {
 922     _type    = T_FLOAT;
 923     _value.f = value;
 924   }
 925 
 926   JavaValue(jdouble value) {
 927     _type    = T_DOUBLE;
 928     _value.d = value;
 929   }
 930 
 931  jfloat get_jfloat() const { return _value.f; }
 932  jdouble get_jdouble() const { return _value.d; }
 933  jint get_jint() const { return _value.i; }
 934  jlong get_jlong() const { return _value.l; }
 935  jobject get_jobject() const { return _value.h; }
 936  oopDesc* get_oop() const { return _value.o; }
 937  JavaCallValue* get_value_addr() { return &_value; }
 938  BasicType get_type() const { return _type; }
 939 
 940  void set_jfloat(jfloat f) { _value.f = f;}
 941  void set_jdouble(jdouble d) { _value.d = d;}
 942  void set_jint(jint i) { _value.i = i;}
 943  void set_jshort(jshort i) { _value.i = i;}
 944  void set_jlong(jlong l) { _value.l = l;}
 945  void set_jobject(jobject h) { _value.h = h;}
 946  void set_oop(oopDesc* o) { _value.o = o;}
 947  void set_type(BasicType t) { _type = t; }
 948 
 949  jboolean get_jboolean() const { return (jboolean) (_value.i);}
 950  jbyte get_jbyte() const { return (jbyte) (_value.i);}
 951  jchar get_jchar() const { return (jchar) (_value.i);}
 952  jshort get_jshort() const { return (jshort) (_value.i);}
 953 
 954 };
 955 
 956 
 957 // TosState describes the top-of-stack state before and after the execution of
 958 // a bytecode or method. The top-of-stack value may be cached in one or more CPU
 959 // registers. The TosState corresponds to the 'machine representation' of this cached
 960 // value. There's 4 states corresponding to the JAVA types int, long, float & double
 961 // as well as a 5th state in case the top-of-stack value is actually on the top
 962 // of stack (in memory) and thus not cached. The atos state corresponds to the itos
 963 // state when it comes to machine representation but is used separately for (oop)
 964 // type specific operations (e.g. verification code).
 965 
 966 enum TosState {         // describes the tos cache contents
 967   btos = 0,             // byte, bool tos cached
 968   ztos = 1,             // byte, bool tos cached
 969   ctos = 2,             // char tos cached
 970   stos = 3,             // short tos cached
 971   itos = 4,             // int tos cached
 972   ltos = 5,             // long tos cached
 973   ftos = 6,             // float tos cached
 974   dtos = 7,             // double tos cached
 975   atos = 8,             // object cached
 976   vtos = 9,             // tos not cached,
 977   number_of_states,
 978   ilgl                  // illegal state: should not occur
 979 };
 980 
 981 
 982 inline TosState as_TosState(BasicType type) {
 983   switch (type) {
 984     case T_BYTE   : return btos;
 985     case T_BOOLEAN: return ztos;
 986     case T_CHAR   : return ctos;
 987     case T_SHORT  : return stos;
 988     case T_INT    : return itos;
 989     case T_LONG   : return ltos;
 990     case T_FLOAT  : return ftos;
 991     case T_DOUBLE : return dtos;
 992     case T_VOID   : return vtos;
 993     case T_ARRAY  :   // fall through
 994     case T_OBJECT : return atos;
 995     default       : return ilgl;
 996   }
 997 }
 998 
 999 inline BasicType as_BasicType(TosState state) {
1000   switch (state) {
1001     case btos : return T_BYTE;
1002     case ztos : return T_BOOLEAN;
1003     case ctos : return T_CHAR;
1004     case stos : return T_SHORT;
1005     case itos : return T_INT;
1006     case ltos : return T_LONG;
1007     case ftos : return T_FLOAT;
1008     case dtos : return T_DOUBLE;
1009     case atos : return T_OBJECT;
1010     case vtos : return T_VOID;
1011     default   : return T_ILLEGAL;
1012   }
1013 }
1014 
1015 
1016 // Helper function to convert BasicType info into TosState
1017 // Note: Cannot define here as it uses global constant at the time being.
1018 TosState as_TosState(BasicType type);
1019 
1020 
1021 // JavaThreadState keeps track of which part of the code a thread is executing in. This
1022 // information is needed by the safepoint code.
1023 //
1024 // There are 4 essential states:
1025 //
1026 //  _thread_new         : Just started, but not executed init. code yet (most likely still in OS init code)
1027 //  _thread_in_native   : In native code. This is a safepoint region, since all oops will be in jobject handles
1028 //  _thread_in_vm       : Executing in the vm
1029 //  _thread_in_Java     : Executing either interpreted or compiled Java code (or could be in a stub)
1030 //
1031 // Each state has an associated xxxx_trans state, which is an intermediate state used when a thread is in
1032 // a transition from one state to another. These extra states makes it possible for the safepoint code to
1033 // handle certain thread_states without having to suspend the thread - making the safepoint code faster.
1034 //
1035 // Given a state, the xxxx_trans state can always be found by adding 1.
1036 //
1037 enum JavaThreadState {
1038   _thread_uninitialized     =  0, // should never happen (missing initialization)
1039   _thread_new               =  2, // just starting up, i.e., in process of being initialized
1040   _thread_new_trans         =  3, // corresponding transition state (not used, included for completeness)
1041   _thread_in_native         =  4, // running in native code
1042   _thread_in_native_trans   =  5, // corresponding transition state
1043   _thread_in_vm             =  6, // running in VM
1044   _thread_in_vm_trans       =  7, // corresponding transition state
1045   _thread_in_Java           =  8, // running in Java or in stub code
1046   _thread_in_Java_trans     =  9, // corresponding transition state (not used, included for completeness)
1047   _thread_blocked           = 10, // blocked in vm
1048   _thread_blocked_trans     = 11, // corresponding transition state
1049   _thread_max_state         = 12  // maximum thread state+1 - used for statistics allocation
1050 };
1051 
1052 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1053 // Special constants for debugging
1054 
1055 const jint     badInt             = -3;                     // generic "bad int" value
1056 const intptr_t badAddressVal      = -2;                     // generic "bad address" value
1057 const intptr_t badOopVal          = -1;                     // generic "bad oop" value
1058 const intptr_t badHeapOopVal      = (intptr_t) CONST64(0x2BAD4B0BBAADBABE); // value used to zap heap after GC
1059 const int      badStackSegVal     = 0xCA;                   // value used to zap stack segments
1060 const int      badHandleValue     = 0xBC;                   // value used to zap vm handle area
1061 const int      badResourceValue   = 0xAB;                   // value used to zap resource area
1062 const int      freeBlockPad       = 0xBA;                   // value used to pad freed blocks.
1063 const int      uninitBlockPad     = 0xF1;                   // value used to zap newly malloc'd blocks.
1064 const juint    uninitMetaWordVal  = 0xf7f7f7f7;             // value used to zap newly allocated metachunk
1065 const jubyte   heapPaddingByteVal = 0xBD;                   // value used to zap object padding in the heap
1066 const juint    badHeapWordVal     = 0xBAADBABE;             // value used to zap heap after GC
1067 const int      badCodeHeapNewVal  = 0xCC;                   // value used to zap Code heap at allocation
1068 const int      badCodeHeapFreeVal = 0xDD;                   // value used to zap Code heap at deallocation
1069 const intptr_t badDispHeaderDeopt = 0xDE0BD000;             // value to fill unused displaced header during deoptimization
1070 const intptr_t badDispHeaderOSR   = 0xDEAD05A0;             // value to fill unused displaced header during OSR
1071 const juint    badRegWordVal      = 0xDEADDA7A;             // value used to zap registers
1072 
1073 // (These must be implemented as #defines because C++ compilers are
1074 // not obligated to inline non-integral constants!)
1075 #define       badAddress        ((address)::badAddressVal)
1076 #define       badHeapWord       (::badHeapWordVal)
1077 
1078 // Default TaskQueue size is 16K (32-bit) or 128K (64-bit)
1079 const uint TASKQUEUE_SIZE = (NOT_LP64(1<<14) LP64_ONLY(1<<17));
1080 
1081 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1082 // Utility functions for bitfield manipulations
1083 
1084 const intptr_t AllBits    = ~0; // all bits set in a word
1085 const intptr_t NoBits     =  0; // no bits set in a word
1086 const jlong    NoLongBits =  0; // no bits set in a long
1087 const intptr_t OneBit     =  1; // only right_most bit set in a word
1088 
1089 // get a word with the n.th or the right-most or left-most n bits set
1090 // (note: #define used only so that they can be used in enum constant definitions)
1091 #define nth_bit(n)        (((n) >= BitsPerWord) ? 0 : (OneBit << (n)))
1092 #define right_n_bits(n)   (nth_bit(n) - 1)
1093 
1094 // same as nth_bit(n), but allows handing in a type as template parameter. Allows
1095 // us to use nth_bit with 64-bit types on 32-bit platforms
1096 template<class T> inline T nth_bit_typed(int n) {
1097   return ((T)1) << n;
1098 }
1099 template<class T> inline T right_n_bits_typed(int n) {
1100   return nth_bit_typed<T>(n) - 1;
1101 }
1102 
1103 // bit-operations using a mask m
1104 inline void   set_bits    (intptr_t& x, intptr_t m) { x |= m; }
1105 inline void clear_bits    (intptr_t& x, intptr_t m) { x &= ~m; }
1106 inline intptr_t mask_bits      (intptr_t  x, intptr_t m) { return x & m; }
1107 inline jlong    mask_long_bits (jlong     x, jlong    m) { return x & m; }
1108 inline bool mask_bits_are_true (intptr_t flags, intptr_t mask) { return (flags & mask) == mask; }
1109 
1110 // bit-operations using the n.th bit
1111 inline void    set_nth_bit(intptr_t& x, int n) { set_bits  (x, nth_bit(n)); }
1112 inline void  clear_nth_bit(intptr_t& x, int n) { clear_bits(x, nth_bit(n)); }
1113 inline bool is_set_nth_bit(intptr_t  x, int n) { return mask_bits (x, nth_bit(n)) != NoBits; }
1114 
1115 // returns the bitfield of x starting at start_bit_no with length field_length (no sign-extension!)
1116 inline intptr_t bitfield(intptr_t x, int start_bit_no, int field_length) {
1117   return mask_bits(x >> start_bit_no, right_n_bits(field_length));
1118 }
1119 
1120 
1121 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1122 // Utility functions for integers
1123 
1124 // Avoid use of global min/max macros which may cause unwanted double
1125 // evaluation of arguments.
1126 #ifdef max
1127 #undef max
1128 #endif
1129 
1130 #ifdef min
1131 #undef min
1132 #endif
1133 
1134 // It is necessary to use templates here. Having normal overloaded
1135 // functions does not work because it is necessary to provide both 32-
1136 // and 64-bit overloaded functions, which does not work, and having
1137 // explicitly-typed versions of these routines (i.e., MAX2I, MAX2L)
1138 // will be even more error-prone than macros.
1139 template<class T> constexpr T MAX2(T a, T b)           { return (a > b) ? a : b; }
1140 template<class T> constexpr T MIN2(T a, T b)           { return (a < b) ? a : b; }
1141 template<class T> constexpr T MAX3(T a, T b, T c)      { return MAX2(MAX2(a, b), c); }
1142 template<class T> constexpr T MIN3(T a, T b, T c)      { return MIN2(MIN2(a, b), c); }
1143 template<class T> constexpr T MAX4(T a, T b, T c, T d) { return MAX2(MAX3(a, b, c), d); }
1144 template<class T> constexpr T MIN4(T a, T b, T c, T d) { return MIN2(MIN3(a, b, c), d); }
1145 
1146 #define ABS(x) asserted_abs(x, __FILE__, __LINE__)
1147 
1148 template<class T> inline T asserted_abs(T x, const char* file, int line) {
1149   bool valid_arg = !(std::is_integral<T>::value && x == std::numeric_limits<T>::min());
1150 #ifdef ASSERT
1151   if (!valid_arg) {
1152     report_vm_error(file, line, "ABS: argument should not allow overflow");
1153   }
1154 #endif
1155   // Prevent exposure to UB by checking valid_arg here as well.
1156   return (x < 0 && valid_arg) ? -x : x;
1157 }
1158 
1159 // Return the given value clamped to the range [min ... max]
1160 template<typename T>
1161 inline T clamp(T value, T min, T max) {
1162   assert(min <= max, "must be");
1163   return MIN2(MAX2(value, min), max);
1164 }
1165 
1166 inline bool is_odd (intx x) { return x & 1;      }
1167 inline bool is_even(intx x) { return !is_odd(x); }
1168 
1169 // abs methods which cannot overflow and so are well-defined across
1170 // the entire domain of integer types.
1171 static inline unsigned int g_uabs(unsigned int n) {
1172   union {
1173     unsigned int result;
1174     int value;
1175   };
1176   result = n;
1177   if (value < 0) result = 0-result;
1178   return result;
1179 }
1180 static inline julong g_uabs(julong n) {
1181   union {
1182     julong result;
1183     jlong value;
1184   };
1185   result = n;
1186   if (value < 0) result = 0-result;
1187   return result;
1188 }
1189 static inline julong g_uabs(jlong n) { return g_uabs((julong)n); }
1190 static inline unsigned int g_uabs(int n) { return g_uabs((unsigned int)n); }
1191 
1192 // "to" should be greater than "from."
1193 inline size_t byte_size(void* from, void* to) {
1194   return pointer_delta(to, from, sizeof(char));
1195 }
1196 
1197 // Pack and extract shorts to/from ints:
1198 
1199 inline u2 extract_low_short_from_int(u4 x) {
1200   return u2(x & 0xffff);
1201 }
1202 
1203 inline u2 extract_high_short_from_int(u4 x) {
1204   return u2((x >> 16) & 0xffff);
1205 }
1206 
1207 inline int build_int_from_shorts( u2 low, u2 high ) {
1208   return ((int)((unsigned int)high << 16) | (unsigned int)low);
1209 }
1210 
1211 // swap a & b
1212 template<class T> static void swap(T& a, T& b) {
1213   T tmp = a;
1214   a = b;
1215   b = tmp;
1216 }
1217 
1218 // array_size_impl is a function that takes a reference to T[N] and
1219 // returns a reference to char[N].  It is not ODR-used, so not defined.
1220 template<typename T, size_t N> char (&array_size_impl(T (&)[N]))[N];
1221 
1222 #define ARRAY_SIZE(array) sizeof(array_size_impl(array))
1223 
1224 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1225 // Sum and product which can never overflow: they wrap, just like the
1226 // Java operations.  Note that we don't intend these to be used for
1227 // general-purpose arithmetic: their purpose is to emulate Java
1228 // operations.
1229 
1230 // The goal of this code to avoid undefined or implementation-defined
1231 // behavior.  The use of an lvalue to reference cast is explicitly
1232 // permitted by Lvalues and rvalues [basic.lval].  [Section 3.10 Para
1233 // 15 in C++03]
1234 #define JAVA_INTEGER_OP(OP, NAME, TYPE, UNSIGNED_TYPE)  \
1235 inline TYPE NAME (TYPE in1, TYPE in2) {                 \
1236   UNSIGNED_TYPE ures = static_cast<UNSIGNED_TYPE>(in1); \
1237   ures OP ## = static_cast<UNSIGNED_TYPE>(in2);         \
1238   return reinterpret_cast<TYPE&>(ures);                 \
1239 }
1240 
1241 JAVA_INTEGER_OP(+, java_add, jint, juint)
1242 JAVA_INTEGER_OP(-, java_subtract, jint, juint)
1243 JAVA_INTEGER_OP(*, java_multiply, jint, juint)
1244 JAVA_INTEGER_OP(+, java_add, jlong, julong)
1245 JAVA_INTEGER_OP(-, java_subtract, jlong, julong)
1246 JAVA_INTEGER_OP(*, java_multiply, jlong, julong)
1247 
1248 inline jint  java_negate(jint  v) { return java_subtract((jint) 0, v); }
1249 inline jlong java_negate(jlong v) { return java_subtract((jlong)0, v); }
1250 
1251 #undef JAVA_INTEGER_OP
1252 
1253 // Provide integer shift operations with Java semantics.  No overflow
1254 // issues - left shifts simply discard shifted out bits.  No undefined
1255 // behavior for large or negative shift quantities; instead the actual
1256 // shift distance is the argument modulo the lhs value's size in bits.
1257 // No undefined or implementation defined behavior for shifting negative
1258 // values; left shift discards bits, right shift sign extends.  We use
1259 // the same safe conversion technique as above for java_add and friends.
1260 #define JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(OP, NAME, TYPE, XTYPE)    \
1261 inline TYPE NAME (TYPE lhs, jint rhs) {                 \
1262   const uint rhs_mask = (sizeof(TYPE) * 8) - 1;         \
1263   STATIC_ASSERT(rhs_mask == 31 || rhs_mask == 63);      \
1264   XTYPE xres = static_cast<XTYPE>(lhs);                 \
1265   xres OP ## = (rhs & rhs_mask);                        \
1266   return reinterpret_cast<TYPE&>(xres);                 \
1267 }
1268 
1269 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(<<, java_shift_left, jint, juint)
1270 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(<<, java_shift_left, jlong, julong)
1271 
1272 // For signed shift right, assume C++ implementation >> sign extends.
1273 //
1274 // C++14 5.8/3: In the description of "E1 >> E2" it says "If E1 has a signed type
1275 // and a negative value, the resulting value is implementation-defined."
1276 //
1277 // However, C++20 7.6.7/3 further defines integral arithmetic, as part of
1278 // requiring two's-complement behavior.
1279 // https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0907r3.html
1280 // https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p1236r1.html
1281 // The corresponding C++20 text is "Right-shift on signed integral types is an
1282 // arithmetic right shift, which performs sign-extension."
1283 //
1284 // As discussed in the two's complement proposal, all known modern C++ compilers
1285 // already behave that way. And it is unlikely any would go off and do something
1286 // different now, with C++20 tightening things up.
1287 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(>>, java_shift_right, jint, jint)
1288 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(>>, java_shift_right, jlong, jlong)
1289 // For >>> use C++ unsigned >>.
1290 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(>>, java_shift_right_unsigned, jint, juint)
1291 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP(>>, java_shift_right_unsigned, jlong, julong)
1292 
1293 #undef JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_OP
1294 
1295 inline jlong java_negate(jlong v, BasicType bt) {
1296   if (bt == T_INT) {
1297     return java_negate(checked_cast<jint>(v));
1298   }
1299   assert(bt == T_LONG, "int or long only");
1300   return java_negate(v);
1301 }
1302 
1303 // Some convenient bit shift operations that accepts a BasicType as the last
1304 // argument. These avoid potential mistakes with overloaded functions only
1305 // distinguished by lhs argument type.
1306 #define JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_BASIC_TYPE(FUNC)            \
1307 inline jlong FUNC(jlong lhs, jint rhs, BasicType bt) { \
1308   if (bt == T_INT) {                                   \
1309     return FUNC(checked_cast<jint>(lhs), rhs);         \
1310   }                                                    \
1311   assert(bt == T_LONG, "unsupported basic type");      \
1312   return FUNC(lhs, rhs);                              \
1313 }
1314 
1315 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_BASIC_TYPE(java_shift_left)
1316 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_BASIC_TYPE(java_shift_right)
1317 JAVA_INTEGER_SHIFT_BASIC_TYPE(java_shift_right_unsigned)
1318 
1319 #undef JAVA_INTERGER_SHIFT_BASIC_TYPE
1320 
1321 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1322 // The goal of this code is to provide saturating operations for int/uint.
1323 // Checks overflow conditions and saturates the result to min_jint/max_jint.
1324 #define SATURATED_INTEGER_OP(OP, NAME, TYPE1, TYPE2) \
1325 inline int NAME (TYPE1 in1, TYPE2 in2) {             \
1326   jlong res = static_cast<jlong>(in1);               \
1327   res OP ## = static_cast<jlong>(in2);               \
1328   if (res > max_jint) {                              \
1329     res = max_jint;                                  \
1330   } else if (res < min_jint) {                       \
1331     res = min_jint;                                  \
1332   }                                                  \
1333   return static_cast<int>(res);                      \
1334 }
1335 
1336 SATURATED_INTEGER_OP(+, saturated_add, int, int)
1337 SATURATED_INTEGER_OP(+, saturated_add, int, uint)
1338 SATURATED_INTEGER_OP(+, saturated_add, uint, int)
1339 SATURATED_INTEGER_OP(+, saturated_add, uint, uint)
1340 
1341 #undef SATURATED_INTEGER_OP
1342 
1343 // Taken from rom section 8-2 of Henry S. Warren, Jr., Hacker's Delight (2nd ed.) (Addison Wesley, 2013), 173-174.
1344 inline uint64_t multiply_high_unsigned(const uint64_t x, const uint64_t y) {
1345   const uint64_t x1 = x >> 32u;
1346   const uint64_t x2 = x & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1347   const uint64_t y1 = y >> 32u;
1348   const uint64_t y2 = y & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1349   const uint64_t z2 = x2 * y2;
1350   const uint64_t t = x1 * y2 + (z2 >> 32u);
1351   uint64_t z1 = t & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1352   const uint64_t z0 = t >> 32u;
1353   z1 += x2 * y1;
1354 
1355   return x1 * y1 + z0 + (z1 >> 32u);
1356 }
1357 
1358 // Taken from java.lang.Math::multiplyHigh which uses the technique from section 8-2 of Henry S. Warren, Jr.,
1359 // Hacker's Delight (2nd ed.) (Addison Wesley, 2013), 173-174 but adapted for signed longs.
1360 inline int64_t multiply_high_signed(const int64_t x, const int64_t y) {
1361   const jlong x1 = java_shift_right((jlong)x, 32);
1362   const jlong x2 = x & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1363   const jlong y1 = java_shift_right((jlong)y, 32);
1364   const jlong y2 = y & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1365 
1366   const uint64_t z2 = (uint64_t)x2 * y2;
1367   const int64_t t = x1 * y2 + (z2 >> 32u); // Unsigned shift
1368   int64_t z1 = t & 0xFFFFFFFF;
1369   const int64_t z0 = java_shift_right((jlong)t, 32);
1370   z1 += x2 * y1;
1371 
1372   return x1 * y1 + z0 + java_shift_right((jlong)z1, 32);
1373 }
1374 
1375 // Dereference vptr
1376 // All C++ compilers that we know of have the vtbl pointer in the first
1377 // word.  If there are exceptions, this function needs to be made compiler
1378 // specific.
1379 static inline void* dereference_vptr(const void* addr) {
1380   return *(void**)addr;
1381 }
1382 
1383 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1384 // String type aliases used by command line flag declarations and
1385 // processing utilities.
1386 
1387 typedef const char* ccstr;
1388 typedef const char* ccstrlist;   // represents string arguments which accumulate
1389 
1390 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1391 // Default hash/equals functions used by HashTable
1392 
1393 template<typename K> unsigned primitive_hash(const K& k) {
1394   unsigned hash = (unsigned)((uintptr_t)k);
1395   return hash ^ (hash >> 3); // just in case we're dealing with aligned ptrs
1396 }
1397 
1398 template<typename K> bool primitive_equals(const K& k0, const K& k1) {
1399   return k0 == k1;
1400 }
1401 
1402 template<typename K> int primitive_compare(const K& k0, const K& k1) {
1403   return ((k0 < k1) ? -1 : (k0 == k1) ? 0 : 1);
1404 }
1405 
1406 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1407 
1408 // Allow use of C++ thread_local when approved - see JDK-8282469.
1409 #define APPROVED_CPP_THREAD_LOCAL thread_local
1410 
1411 // Converts any type T to a reference type.
1412 template<typename T>
1413 std::add_rvalue_reference_t<T> declval() noexcept;
1414 
1415 // Quickly test to make sure IEEE-754 subnormal numbers are correctly
1416 // handled.
1417 bool IEEE_subnormal_handling_OK();
1418 
1419 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1420 // Forbid using the global allocator by HotSpot code.
1421 //
1422 // This is a subset of allocator and deallocator functions. These are
1423 // implicitly declared in all translation units, without needing to include
1424 // <new>; see C++17 6.7.4. This isn't even the full set of those; implicit
1425 // declarations involving std::align_val_t are not covered here, since that
1426 // type is defined in <new>.  A translation unit that doesn't include <new> is
1427 // still likely to include this file.  See cppstdlib/new.hpp for more details.
1428 #ifndef HOTSPOT_GTEST
1429 
1430 [[deprecated]] void* operator new(std::size_t);
1431 [[deprecated]] void operator delete(void*) noexcept;
1432 [[deprecated]] void operator delete(void*, std::size_t) noexcept;
1433 
1434 [[deprecated]] void* operator new[](std::size_t);
1435 [[deprecated]] void operator delete[](void*) noexcept;
1436 [[deprecated]] void operator delete[](void*, std::size_t) noexcept;
1437 
1438 #endif // HOTSPOT_GTEST
1439 
1440 #endif // SHARE_UTILITIES_GLOBALDEFINITIONS_HPP