1 /*
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  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  8  *
  9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 13  * accompanied this code).
 14  *
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 16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 18  *
 19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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 24 
 25 #ifndef SHARE_UTILITIES_GROWABLEARRAY_HPP
 26 #define SHARE_UTILITIES_GROWABLEARRAY_HPP
 27 
 28 #include "memory/allocation.hpp"
 29 #include "memory/iterator.hpp"
 30 #include "oops/array.hpp"
 31 #include "oops/oop.hpp"
 32 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
 33 #include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"
 34 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
 35 #include "utilities/powerOfTwo.hpp"
 36 
 37 // A growable array.
 38 
 39 /*************************************************************************/
 40 /*                                                                       */
 41 /*     WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING   */
 42 /*                                                                       */
 43 /* Should you use GrowableArrays to contain handles you must be certain  */
 44 /* that the GrowableArray does not outlive the HandleMark that contains  */
 45 /* the handles. Since GrowableArrays are typically resource allocated    */
 46 /* the following is an example of INCORRECT CODE,                        */
 47 /*                                                                       */
 48 /* ResourceMark rm;                                                      */
 49 /* GrowableArray<Handle>* arr = new GrowableArray<Handle>(size);         */
 50 /* if (blah) {                                                           */
 51 /*    while (...) {                                                      */
 52 /*      HandleMark hm;                                                   */
 53 /*      ...                                                              */
 54 /*      Handle h(THREAD, some_oop);                                      */
 55 /*      arr->append(h);                                                  */
 56 /*    }                                                                  */
 57 /* }                                                                     */
 58 /* if (arr->length() != 0 ) {                                            */
 59 /*    oop bad_oop = arr->at(0)(); // Handle is BAD HERE.                 */
 60 /*    ...                                                                */
 61 /* }                                                                     */
 62 /*                                                                       */
 63 /* If the GrowableArrays you are creating is C_Heap allocated then it    */
 64 /* should not hold handles since the handles could trivially try and     */
 65 /* outlive their HandleMark. In some situations you might need to do     */
 66 /* this and it would be legal but be very careful and see if you can do  */
 67 /* the code in some other manner.                                        */
 68 /*                                                                       */
 69 /*************************************************************************/
 70 
 71 // Non-template base class responsible for handling the length and max.
 72 
 73 
 74 class GrowableArrayBase : public AnyObj {
 75   friend class VMStructs;
 76 
 77 protected:
 78   // Current number of accessible elements
 79   int _len;
 80   // Current number of allocated elements
 81   int _capacity;
 82 
 83   GrowableArrayBase(int capacity, int initial_len) :
 84       _len(initial_len),
 85       _capacity(capacity) {
 86     assert(_len >= 0 && _len <= _capacity, "initial_len too big");
 87   }
 88 
 89   ~GrowableArrayBase() {}
 90 
 91 public:
 92   int   length() const          { return _len; }
 93   int   capacity() const        { return _capacity; }
 94 
 95   bool  is_empty() const        { return _len == 0; }
 96   bool  is_nonempty() const     { return _len != 0; }
 97   bool  is_full() const         { return _len == _capacity; }
 98 };
 99 
100 template <typename E> class GrowableArrayIterator;
101 template <typename E, typename UnaryPredicate> class GrowableArrayFilterIterator;
102 
103 // Extends GrowableArrayBase with a typed data array.
104 //
105 // E: Element type
106 //
107 // The "view" adds function that don't grow or deallocate
108 // the _data array, so there's no need for an allocator.
109 //
110 // The "view" can be used to type erase the allocator classes
111 // of GrowableArrayWithAllocator.
112 template <typename E>
113 class GrowableArrayView : public GrowableArrayBase {
114 protected:
115   E* _data; // data array
116 
117   GrowableArrayView(E* data, int capacity, int initial_len) :
118       GrowableArrayBase(capacity, initial_len), _data(data) {}
119 
120   ~GrowableArrayView() {}
121 
122 public:
123   bool operator==(const GrowableArrayView& rhs) const {
124     if (_len != rhs._len)
125       return false;
126     for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
127       if (at(i) != rhs.at(i)) {
128         return false;
129       }
130     }
131     return true;
132   }
133 
134   bool operator!=(const GrowableArrayView& rhs) const {
135     return !(*this == rhs);
136   }
137 
138   E& at(int i) {
139     assert(0 <= i && i < _len, "illegal index %d for length %d", i, _len);
140     return _data[i];
141   }
142 
143   E const& at(int i) const {
144     assert(0 <= i && i < _len, "illegal index %d for length %d", i, _len);
145     return _data[i];
146   }
147 
148   E* adr_at(int i) const {
149     assert(0 <= i && i < _len, "illegal index %d for length %d", i, _len);
150     return &_data[i];
151   }
152 
153   E& first() {
154     assert(_len > 0, "empty");
155     return _data[0];
156   }
157 
158   E const& first() const {
159     assert(_len > 0, "empty");
160     return _data[0];
161   }
162 
163   E& top() {
164     assert(_len > 0, "empty");
165     return _data[_len - 1];
166   }
167 
168   E const& top() const {
169     assert(_len > 0, "empty");
170     return _data[_len - 1];
171   }
172 
173   E& last() {
174     return top();
175   }
176 
177   E const& last() const {
178     return top();
179   }
180 
181   GrowableArrayIterator<E> begin() const {
182     return GrowableArrayIterator<E>(this, 0);
183   }
184 
185   GrowableArrayIterator<E> end() const {
186     return GrowableArrayIterator<E>(this, length());
187   }
188 
189   void at_put(int i, const E& elem) {
190     assert(0 <= i && i < _len, "illegal index %d for length %d", i, _len);
191     _data[i] = elem;
192   }
193 
194   bool contains(const E& elem) const {
195     for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
196       if (_data[i] == elem) return true;
197     }
198     return false;
199   }
200 
201   int  find(const E& elem) const {
202     for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
203       if (_data[i] == elem) return i;
204     }
205     return -1;
206   }
207 
208   int  find_from_end(const E& elem) const {
209     for (int i = _len-1; i >= 0; i--) {
210       if (_data[i] == elem) return i;
211     }
212     return -1;
213   }
214 
215   // Find first element that matches the given predicate.
216   //
217   // Predicate: bool predicate(const E& elem)
218   //
219   // Returns the index of the element or -1 if no element matches the predicate
220   template<typename Predicate>
221   int find_if(Predicate predicate) const {
222     for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
223       if (predicate(_data[i])) return i;
224     }
225     return -1;
226   }
227 
228   // Find last element that matches the given predicate.
229   //
230   // Predicate: bool predicate(const E& elem)
231   //
232   // Returns the index of the element or -1 if no element matches the predicate
233   template<typename Predicate>
234   int find_from_end_if(Predicate predicate) const {
235     // start at the end of the array
236     for (int i = _len-1; i >= 0; i--) {
237       if (predicate(_data[i])) return i;
238     }
239     return -1;
240   }
241 
242   void sort(int f(E*, E*)) {
243     if (_data == nullptr) return;
244     qsort(_data, length(), sizeof(E), (_sort_Fn)f);
245   }
246   // sort by fixed-stride sub arrays:
247   void sort(int f(E*, E*), int stride) {
248     if (_data == nullptr) return;
249     qsort(_data, length() / stride, sizeof(E) * stride, (_sort_Fn)f);
250   }
251 
252   template <typename K, int compare(const K&, const E&)> int find_sorted(const K& key, bool& found) const {
253     found = false;
254     int min = 0;
255     int max = length() - 1;
256 
257     while (max >= min) {
258       int mid = (int)(((uint)max + min) / 2);
259       E value = at(mid);
260       int diff = compare(key, value);
261       if (diff > 0) {
262         min = mid + 1;
263       } else if (diff < 0) {
264         max = mid - 1;
265       } else {
266         found = true;
267         return mid;
268       }
269     }
270     return min;
271   }
272 
273   template <typename K>
274   int find_sorted(CompareClosure<E>* cc, const K& key, bool& found) {
275     found = false;
276     int min = 0;
277     int max = length() - 1;
278 
279     while (max >= min) {
280       int mid = (int)(((uint)max + min) / 2);
281       E value = at(mid);
282       int diff = cc->do_compare(key, value);
283       if (diff > 0) {
284         min = mid + 1;
285       } else if (diff < 0) {
286         max = mid - 1;
287       } else {
288         found = true;
289         return mid;
290       }
291     }
292     return min;
293   }
294 
295   void print() const {
296     tty->print("Growable Array " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(this));
297     tty->print(": length %d (capacity %d) { ", _len, _capacity);
298     for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++) {
299       tty->print(INTPTR_FORMAT " ", *(intptr_t*)&(_data[i]));
300     }
301     tty->print("}\n");
302   }
303 };
304 
305 template <typename E>
306 class GrowableArrayFromArray : public GrowableArrayView<E> {
307 public:
308 
309   GrowableArrayFromArray(E* data, int len) :
310     GrowableArrayView<E>(data, len, len) {}
311 };
312 
313 // GrowableArrayWithAllocator extends the "view" with
314 // the capability to grow and deallocate the data array.
315 //
316 // The allocator responsibility is delegated to the sub-class.
317 //
318 // Derived: The sub-class responsible for allocation / deallocation
319 //  - E* Derived::allocate()       - member function responsible for allocation
320 //  - void Derived::deallocate(E*) - member function responsible for deallocation
321 template <typename E, typename Derived>
322 class GrowableArrayWithAllocator : public GrowableArrayView<E> {
323   friend class VMStructs;
324 
325   void expand_to(int j);
326   void grow(int j);
327 
328 protected:
329   GrowableArrayWithAllocator(E* data, int capacity) :
330       GrowableArrayView<E>(data, capacity, 0) {
331     for (int i = 0; i < capacity; i++) {
332       ::new ((void*)&data[i]) E();
333     }
334   }
335 
336   GrowableArrayWithAllocator(E* data, int capacity, int initial_len, const E& filler) :
337       GrowableArrayView<E>(data, capacity, initial_len) {
338     int i = 0;
339     for (; i < initial_len; i++) {
340       ::new ((void*)&data[i]) E(filler);
341     }
342     for (; i < capacity; i++) {
343       ::new ((void*)&data[i]) E();
344     }
345   }
346 
347   GrowableArrayWithAllocator(E* data, int capacity, int initial_len) :
348     GrowableArrayView<E>(data, capacity, initial_len) {}
349 
350   ~GrowableArrayWithAllocator() {}
351 
352 public:
353   int append(const E& elem) {
354     if (this->_len == this->_capacity) grow(this->_len);
355     int idx = this->_len++;
356     this->_data[idx] = elem;
357     return idx;
358   }
359 
360   bool append_if_missing(const E& elem) {
361     // Returns TRUE if elem is added.
362     bool missed = !this->contains(elem);
363     if (missed) append(elem);
364     return missed;
365   }
366 
367   void push(const E& elem) { append(elem); }
368 
369   E pop() {
370     assert(this->_len > 0, "empty list");
371     return this->_data[--this->_len];
372   }
373 
374   E& at_grow(int i, const E& fill = E()) {
375     assert(0 <= i, "negative index %d", i);
376     if (i >= this->_len) {
377       if (i >= this->_capacity) grow(i);
378       for (int j = this->_len; j <= i; j++)
379         this->_data[j] = fill;
380       this->_len = i+1;
381     }
382     return this->_data[i];
383   }
384 
385   void at_put_grow(int i, const E& elem, const E& fill = E()) {
386     assert(0 <= i, "negative index %d", i);
387     if (i >= this->_len) {
388       if (i >= this->_capacity) grow(i);
389       for (int j = this->_len; j < i; j++)
390         this->_data[j] = fill;
391       this->_len = i+1;
392     }
393     this->_data[i] = elem;
394   }
395 
396   // inserts the given element before the element at index i
397   void insert_before(const int idx, const E& elem) {
398     assert(0 <= idx && idx <= this->_len, "illegal index %d for length %d", idx, this->_len);
399     if (this->_len == this->_capacity) grow(this->_len);
400     for (int j = this->_len - 1; j >= idx; j--) {
401       this->_data[j + 1] = this->_data[j];
402     }
403     this->_len++;
404     this->_data[idx] = elem;
405   }
406 
407   void insert_before(const int idx, const GrowableArrayView<E>* array) {
408     assert(0 <= idx && idx <= this->_len, "illegal index %d for length %d", idx, this->_len);
409     int array_len = array->length();
410     int new_len = this->_len + array_len;
411     if (new_len >= this->_capacity) grow(new_len);
412 
413     for (int j = this->_len - 1; j >= idx; j--) {
414       this->_data[j + array_len] = this->_data[j];
415     }
416 
417     for (int j = 0; j < array_len; j++) {
418       this->_data[idx + j] = array->at(j);
419     }
420 
421     this->_len += array_len;
422   }
423 
424   void appendAll(const GrowableArrayView<E>* l) {
425     for (int i = 0; i < l->length(); i++) {
426       this->at_put_grow(this->_len, l->at(i), E());
427     }
428   }
429 
430   void appendAll(const Array<E>* l) {
431     for (int i = 0; i < l->length(); i++) {
432       this->at_put_grow(this->_len, l->at(i), E());
433     }
434   }
435 
436   // Binary search and insertion utility.  Search array for element
437   // matching key according to the static compare function.  Insert
438   // that element if not already in the list.  Assumes the list is
439   // already sorted according to compare function.
440   template <int compare(const E&, const E&)> E insert_sorted(const E& key) {
441     bool found;
442     int location = GrowableArrayView<E>::template find_sorted<E, compare>(key, found);
443     if (!found) {
444       insert_before(location, key);
445     }
446     return this->at(location);
447   }
448 
449   E insert_sorted(CompareClosure<E>* cc, const E& key) {
450     bool found;
451     int location = find_sorted(cc, key, found);
452     if (!found) {
453       insert_before(location, key);
454     }
455     return this->at(location);
456   }
457 
458   void swap(GrowableArrayWithAllocator* other) {
459     ::swap(this->_data, other->_data);
460     ::swap(this->_len, other->_len);
461     ::swap(this->_capacity, other->_capacity);
462   }
463 
464   // Ensure capacity is at least new_capacity.
465   void reserve(int new_capacity);
466 
467   void trunc_to(int length) {
468     assert(length <= this->_len,"cannot increase length");
469     this->_len = length;
470   }
471 
472   // Order preserving remove operations.
473 
474   void remove_at(int index) {
475     assert(0 <= index && index < this->_len,
476            "illegal index %d for length %d", index, this->_len);
477     for (int j = index + 1; j < this->_len; j++) {
478       this->_data[j-1] = this->_data[j];
479     }
480     this->_len--;
481   }
482 
483   void remove(const E& elem) {
484     // Assuming that element does exist.
485     bool removed = this->remove_if_existing(elem);
486     if (removed) return;
487     ShouldNotReachHere();
488   }
489 
490   bool remove_if_existing(const E& elem) {
491     // Returns TRUE if elem is removed.
492     for (int i = 0; i < this->_len; i++) {
493       if (this->_data[i] == elem) {
494         this->remove_at(i);
495         return true;
496       }
497     }
498     return false;
499   }
500 
501   // Remove all elements up to the index (exclusive). The order is preserved.
502   void remove_till(int idx) {
503     remove_range(0, idx);
504   }
505 
506   // Remove all elements in the range [start - end). The order is preserved.
507   void remove_range(int start, int end) {
508     assert(0 <= start, "illegal start index %d", start);
509     assert(start < end && end <= this->_len,
510            "erase called with invalid range (%d, %d) for length %d",
511            start, end, this->_len);
512 
513     for (int i = start, j = end; j < this->length(); i++, j++) {
514       this->at_put(i, this->at(j));
515     }
516     this->_len -= (end - start);
517   }
518 
519   // Replaces the designated element with the last element and shrinks by 1.
520   void delete_at(int index) {
521     assert(0 <= index && index < this->_len, "illegal index %d for length %d", index, this->_len);
522     if (index < --this->_len) {
523       // Replace removed element with last one.
524       this->_data[index] = this->_data[this->_len];
525     }
526   }
527 
528   // Reduce capacity to length.
529   void shrink_to_fit();
530 
531   void clear() { this->_len = 0; }
532   void clear_and_deallocate();
533 };
534 
535 template <typename E, typename Derived>
536 void GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, Derived>::expand_to(int new_capacity) {
537   int old_capacity = this->_capacity;
538   assert(new_capacity > old_capacity,
539          "expected growth but %d <= %d", new_capacity, old_capacity);
540   this->_capacity = new_capacity;
541   E* newData = static_cast<Derived*>(this)->allocate();
542   int i = 0;
543   for (     ; i < this->_len; i++) ::new ((void*)&newData[i]) E(this->_data[i]);
544   for (     ; i < this->_capacity; i++) ::new ((void*)&newData[i]) E();
545   for (i = 0; i < old_capacity; i++) this->_data[i].~E();
546   if (this->_data != nullptr) {
547     static_cast<Derived*>(this)->deallocate(this->_data);
548   }
549   this->_data = newData;
550 }
551 
552 template <typename E, typename Derived>
553 void GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, Derived>::grow(int j) {
554   // grow the array by increasing _capacity to the first power of two larger than the size we need
555   expand_to(next_power_of_2(j));
556 }
557 
558 template <typename E, typename Derived>
559 void GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, Derived>::reserve(int new_capacity) {
560   if (new_capacity > this->_capacity) {
561     expand_to(new_capacity);
562   }
563 }
564 
565 template <typename E, typename Derived>
566 void GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, Derived>::shrink_to_fit() {
567   int old_capacity = this->_capacity;
568   int len = this->_len;
569   assert(len <= old_capacity, "invariant");
570 
571   // If already at full capacity, nothing to do.
572   if (len == old_capacity) {
573     return;
574   }
575 
576   // If not empty, allocate new, smaller, data, and copy old data to it.
577   E* old_data = this->_data;
578   E* new_data = nullptr;
579   this->_capacity = len;        // Must preceed allocate().
580   if (len > 0) {
581     new_data = static_cast<Derived*>(this)->allocate();
582     for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) ::new (&new_data[i]) E(old_data[i]);
583   }
584   // Destroy contents of old data, and deallocate it.
585   for (int i = 0; i < old_capacity; ++i) old_data[i].~E();
586   if (old_data != nullptr) {
587     static_cast<Derived*>(this)->deallocate(old_data);
588   }
589   // Install new data, which might be nullptr.
590   this->_data = new_data;
591 }
592 
593 template <typename E, typename Derived>
594 void GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, Derived>::clear_and_deallocate() {
595   this->clear();
596   this->shrink_to_fit();
597 }
598 
599 class GrowableArrayResourceAllocator {
600 public:
601   static void* allocate(int max, int element_size);
602 };
603 
604 // Arena allocator
605 class GrowableArrayArenaAllocator {
606 public:
607   static void* allocate(int max, int element_size, Arena* arena);
608 };
609 
610 // CHeap allocator
611 class GrowableArrayCHeapAllocator {
612 public:
613   static void* allocate(int max, int element_size, MemTag mem_tag);
614   static void deallocate(void* mem);
615 };
616 
617 #ifdef ASSERT
618 
619 // Checks resource allocation nesting
620 class GrowableArrayNestingCheck {
621   // resource area nesting at creation
622   int _nesting;
623 
624 public:
625   GrowableArrayNestingCheck(bool on_resource_area);
626   GrowableArrayNestingCheck(Arena* arena);
627 
628   void on_resource_area_alloc() const;
629   void on_arena_alloc(Arena* arena) const;
630 };
631 
632 #endif // ASSERT
633 
634 // Encodes where the backing array is allocated
635 // and performs necessary checks.
636 class GrowableArrayMetadata {
637   uintptr_t _bits;
638 
639   // resource area nesting at creation
640   DEBUG_ONLY(GrowableArrayNestingCheck _nesting_check;)
641 
642   // Resource allocation
643   static uintptr_t bits() {
644     return 0;
645   }
646 
647   // CHeap allocation
648   static uintptr_t bits(MemTag mem_tag) {
649     assert(mem_tag != mtNone, "Must provide a proper MemTag");
650     return (uintptr_t(mem_tag) << 1) | 1;
651   }
652 
653   // Arena allocation
654   static uintptr_t bits(Arena* arena) {
655     assert((uintptr_t(arena) & 1) == 0, "Required for on_C_heap() to work");
656     return uintptr_t(arena);
657   }
658 
659 public:
660   // Resource allocation
661   GrowableArrayMetadata() :
662       _bits(bits())
663       DEBUG_ONLY(COMMA _nesting_check(true)) {
664   }
665 
666   // Arena allocation
667   GrowableArrayMetadata(Arena* arena) :
668       _bits(bits(arena))
669       DEBUG_ONLY(COMMA _nesting_check(arena)) {
670   }
671 
672   // CHeap allocation
673   GrowableArrayMetadata(MemTag mem_tag) :
674       _bits(bits(mem_tag))
675       DEBUG_ONLY(COMMA _nesting_check(false)) {
676   }
677 
678 #ifdef ASSERT
679   GrowableArrayMetadata(const GrowableArrayMetadata& other) :
680       _bits(other._bits),
681       _nesting_check(other._nesting_check) {
682     assert(!on_C_heap(), "Copying of CHeap arrays not supported");
683     assert(!other.on_C_heap(), "Copying of CHeap arrays not supported");
684   }
685 
686   GrowableArrayMetadata& operator=(const GrowableArrayMetadata& other) {
687     _bits = other._bits;
688     _nesting_check = other._nesting_check;
689     assert(!on_C_heap(), "Assignment of CHeap arrays not supported");
690     assert(!other.on_C_heap(), "Assignment of CHeap arrays not supported");
691     return *this;
692   }
693 
694   void init_checks(const GrowableArrayBase* array) const;
695   void on_resource_area_alloc_check() const;
696   void on_arena_alloc_check() const;
697 #endif // ASSERT
698 
699   bool on_C_heap() const        { return (_bits & 1) == 1; }
700   bool on_resource_area() const { return _bits == 0; }
701   bool on_arena() const         { return (_bits & 1) == 0 && _bits != 0; }
702 
703   Arena* arena() const      { return (Arena*)_bits; }
704   MemTag mem_tag() const { return MemTag(_bits >> 1); }
705 };
706 
707 // THE GrowableArray.
708 //
709 // Supports multiple allocation strategies:
710 //  - Resource stack allocation: if no extra argument is provided
711 //  - CHeap allocation: if mem_tag is provided
712 //  - Arena allocation: if an arena is provided
713 //
714 // There are some drawbacks of using GrowableArray, that are removed in some
715 // of the other implementations of GrowableArrayWithAllocator sub-classes:
716 //
717 // Memory overhead: The multiple allocation strategies uses extra metadata
718 //  embedded in the instance.
719 //
720 // Strict allocation locations: There are rules about where the GrowableArray
721 //  instance is allocated, that depends on where the data array is allocated.
722 //  See: init_checks.
723 
724 template <typename E>
725 class GrowableArray : public GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray<E>> {
726   friend class GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>;
727   friend class GrowableArrayTest;
728 
729   static E* allocate(int max) {
730     return (E*)GrowableArrayResourceAllocator::allocate(max, sizeof(E));
731   }
732 
733   static E* allocate(int max, MemTag mem_tag) {
734     return (E*)GrowableArrayCHeapAllocator::allocate(max, sizeof(E), mem_tag);
735   }
736 
737   static E* allocate(int max, Arena* arena) {
738     return (E*)GrowableArrayArenaAllocator::allocate(max, sizeof(E), arena);
739   }
740 
741   GrowableArrayMetadata _metadata;
742 
743   void init_checks() const { DEBUG_ONLY(_metadata.init_checks(this);) }
744 
745   // Where are we going to allocate memory?
746   bool on_C_heap() const        { return _metadata.on_C_heap(); }
747   bool on_resource_area() const { return _metadata.on_resource_area(); }
748   bool on_arena() const         { return _metadata.on_arena(); }
749 
750   E* allocate() {
751     if (on_resource_area()) {
752       DEBUG_ONLY(_metadata.on_resource_area_alloc_check());
753       return allocate(this->_capacity);
754     }
755 
756     if (on_C_heap()) {
757       return allocate(this->_capacity, _metadata.mem_tag());
758     }
759 
760     assert(on_arena(), "Sanity");
761     DEBUG_ONLY(_metadata.on_arena_alloc_check());
762     return allocate(this->_capacity, _metadata.arena());
763   }
764 
765   void deallocate(E* mem) {
766     if (on_C_heap()) {
767       GrowableArrayCHeapAllocator::deallocate(mem);
768     }
769   }
770 
771 public:
772   GrowableArray() : GrowableArray(2 /* initial_capacity */) {}
773 
774   explicit GrowableArray(int initial_capacity) :
775       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>(
776           allocate(initial_capacity),
777           initial_capacity),
778       _metadata() {
779     init_checks();
780   }
781 
782   GrowableArray(int initial_capacity, MemTag mem_tag) :
783       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>(
784           allocate(initial_capacity, mem_tag),
785           initial_capacity),
786       _metadata(mem_tag) {
787     init_checks();
788   }
789 
790   GrowableArray(int initial_capacity, int initial_len, const E& filler) :
791       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>(
792           allocate(initial_capacity),
793           initial_capacity, initial_len, filler),
794       _metadata() {
795     init_checks();
796   }
797 
798   // This constructor performs no default initialization, so be careful.
799   GrowableArray(int initial_capacity, int initial_len, MemTag mem_tag) :
800     GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>(
801       allocate(initial_capacity, mem_tag),
802       initial_capacity, initial_len),
803     _metadata(mem_tag) {
804     init_checks();
805   }
806 
807   GrowableArray(int initial_capacity, int initial_len, const E& filler, MemTag mem_tag) :
808       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>(
809           allocate(initial_capacity, mem_tag),
810           initial_capacity, initial_len, filler),
811       _metadata(mem_tag) {
812     init_checks();
813   }
814 
815   GrowableArray(Arena* arena, int initial_capacity, int initial_len, const E& filler) :
816       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArray>(
817           allocate(initial_capacity, arena),
818           initial_capacity, initial_len, filler),
819       _metadata(arena) {
820     init_checks();
821   }
822 
823   ~GrowableArray() {
824     if (on_C_heap()) {
825       this->clear_and_deallocate();
826     }
827   }
828 };
829 
830 // Leaner GrowableArray for CHeap backed data arrays, with compile-time decided MemTag.
831 template <typename E, MemTag MT>
832 class GrowableArrayCHeap : public GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArrayCHeap<E, MT> > {
833   friend class GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArrayCHeap<E, MT> >;
834 
835   STATIC_ASSERT(MT != mtNone);
836 
837   static E* allocate(int max, MemTag mem_tag) {
838     return (E*)GrowableArrayCHeapAllocator::allocate(max, sizeof(E), mem_tag);
839   }
840 
841   NONCOPYABLE(GrowableArrayCHeap);
842 
843   E* allocate() {
844     return allocate(this->_capacity, MT);
845   }
846 
847   void deallocate(E* mem) {
848     GrowableArrayCHeapAllocator::deallocate(mem);
849   }
850 
851 public:
852   GrowableArrayCHeap(int initial_capacity = 0) :
853       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArrayCHeap<E, MT> >(
854           allocate(initial_capacity, MT),
855           initial_capacity) {}
856 
857   GrowableArrayCHeap(int initial_capacity, int initial_len, const E& filler) :
858       GrowableArrayWithAllocator<E, GrowableArrayCHeap<E, MT> >(
859           allocate(initial_capacity, MT),
860           initial_capacity, initial_len, filler) {}
861 
862   ~GrowableArrayCHeap() {
863     this->clear_and_deallocate();
864   }
865 
866   void* operator new(size_t size) {
867     return AnyObj::operator new(size, MT);
868   }
869 
870   void* operator new(size_t size, const std::nothrow_t&  nothrow_constant) throw() {
871     return AnyObj::operator new(size, nothrow_constant, MT);
872   }
873   void operator delete(void *p) {
874     AnyObj::operator delete(p);
875   }
876 };
877 
878 // Custom STL-style iterator to iterate over GrowableArrays
879 // It is constructed by invoking GrowableArray::begin() and GrowableArray::end()
880 template <typename E>
881 class GrowableArrayIterator : public StackObj {
882   friend class GrowableArrayView<E>;
883   template <typename F, typename UnaryPredicate> friend class GrowableArrayFilterIterator;
884 
885  private:
886   const GrowableArrayView<E>* _array; // GrowableArray we iterate over
887   int _position;                      // The current position in the GrowableArray
888 
889   // Private constructor used in GrowableArray::begin() and GrowableArray::end()
890   GrowableArrayIterator(const GrowableArrayView<E>* array, int position) : _array(array), _position(position) {
891     assert(0 <= position && position <= _array->length(), "illegal position");
892   }
893 
894  public:
895   GrowableArrayIterator() : _array(nullptr), _position(0) { }
896   GrowableArrayIterator& operator++() { ++_position; return *this; }
897   E operator*()                       { return _array->at(_position); }
898 
899   bool operator==(const GrowableArrayIterator& rhs)  {
900     assert(_array == rhs._array, "iterator belongs to different array");
901     return _position == rhs._position;
902   }
903 
904   bool operator!=(const GrowableArrayIterator& rhs)  {
905     assert(_array == rhs._array, "iterator belongs to different array");
906     return _position != rhs._position;
907   }
908 };
909 
910 // Custom STL-style iterator to iterate over elements of a GrowableArray that satisfy a given predicate
911 template <typename E, class UnaryPredicate>
912 class GrowableArrayFilterIterator : public StackObj {
913   friend class GrowableArrayView<E>;
914 
915  private:
916   const GrowableArrayView<E>* _array; // GrowableArray we iterate over
917   int _position;                      // Current position in the GrowableArray
918   UnaryPredicate _predicate;          // Unary predicate the elements of the GrowableArray should satisfy
919 
920  public:
921   GrowableArrayFilterIterator(const GrowableArray<E>* array, UnaryPredicate filter_predicate) :
922       _array(array), _position(0), _predicate(filter_predicate) {
923     // Advance to first element satisfying the predicate
924     while(!at_end() && !_predicate(_array->at(_position))) {
925       ++_position;
926     }
927   }
928 
929   GrowableArrayFilterIterator<E, UnaryPredicate>& operator++() {
930     do {
931       // Advance to next element satisfying the predicate
932       ++_position;
933     } while(!at_end() && !_predicate(_array->at(_position)));
934     return *this;
935   }
936 
937   E operator*() { return _array->at(_position); }
938 
939   bool operator==(const GrowableArrayIterator<E>& rhs)  {
940     assert(_array == rhs._array, "iterator belongs to different array");
941     return _position == rhs._position;
942   }
943 
944   bool operator!=(const GrowableArrayIterator<E>& rhs)  {
945     assert(_array == rhs._array, "iterator belongs to different array");
946     return _position != rhs._position;
947   }
948 
949   bool operator==(const GrowableArrayFilterIterator<E, UnaryPredicate>& rhs)  {
950     assert(_array == rhs._array, "iterator belongs to different array");
951     return _position == rhs._position;
952   }
953 
954   bool operator!=(const GrowableArrayFilterIterator<E, UnaryPredicate>& rhs)  {
955     assert(_array == rhs._array, "iterator belongs to different array");
956     return _position != rhs._position;
957   }
958 
959   bool at_end() const {
960     return _array == nullptr || _position == _array->end()._position;
961   }
962 };
963 
964 // Arrays for basic types
965 typedef GrowableArray<int> intArray;
966 typedef GrowableArray<int> intStack;
967 typedef GrowableArray<bool> boolArray;
968 
969 #endif // SHARE_UTILITIES_GROWABLEARRAY_HPP