1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1996, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.io;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
  29 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
  30 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
  31 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  32 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  33 import java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent;
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  40 import java.security.MessageDigest;
  41 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
  42 import java.util.ArrayList;
  43 import java.util.Arrays;
  44 import java.util.Collections;
  45 import java.util.Comparator;
  46 import java.util.HashSet;
  47 import java.util.List;
  48 import java.util.Map;
  49 import java.util.Set;
  50 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
  51 import java.util.stream.Stream;
  52 
  53 import jdk.internal.MigratedValueClass;
  54 import jdk.internal.event.SerializationMisdeclarationEvent;
  55 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
  56 import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  57 import jdk.internal.util.ByteArray;
  58 import jdk.internal.value.DeserializeConstructor;
  59 
  60 /**
  61  * Serialization's descriptor for classes.  It contains the name and
  62  * serialVersionUID of the class.  The ObjectStreamClass for a specific class
  63  * loaded in this Java VM can be found/created using the lookup method.
  64  *
  65  * <p>The algorithm to compute the SerialVersionUID is described in
  66  * <a href="{@docRoot}/../specs/serialization/class.html#stream-unique-identifiers">
  67  *    <cite>Java Object Serialization Specification</cite>, Section 4.6, "Stream Unique Identifiers"</a>.
  68  *
  69  * @spec serialization/index.html Java Object Serialization Specification
  70  * @author      Mike Warres
  71  * @author      Roger Riggs
  72  * @see ObjectStreamField
  73  * @see <a href="{@docRoot}/../specs/serialization/class.html">
  74  *      <cite>Java Object Serialization Specification,</cite> Section 4, "Class Descriptors"</a>
  75  * @since   1.1
  76  */
  77 public final class ObjectStreamClass implements Serializable {
  78 
  79     /** serialPersistentFields value indicating no serializable fields */
  80     public static final ObjectStreamField[] NO_FIELDS =
  81         new ObjectStreamField[0];
  82 
  83     @java.io.Serial
  84     private static final long serialVersionUID = -6120832682080437368L;
  85     /**
  86      * {@code ObjectStreamClass} has no fields for default serialization.
  87      */
  88     @java.io.Serial
  89     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
  90         NO_FIELDS;
  91 
  92     /**
  93      * The mode of deserialization for a class depending on its type and interfaces.
  94      * The markers used are {@linkplain java.io.Serializable}, {@linkplain java.io.Externalizable},
  95      * Class.isRecord(), Class.isValue(), constructors, and
  96      * the presence of methods `readObject`, `writeObject`, `readObjectNoData`, `writeObject`.
  97      * ObjectInputStream dispatches on the mode to construct objects from the stream.
  98      */
  99     enum DeserializationMode {
 100         /**
 101          * Construct an object from the stream for a class that has only default read object behaviors.
 102          * All classes and superclasses use defaultReadObject; no custom readObject or readObjectNoData.
 103          * The new instance is entered in the handle table if it is unshared,
 104          * allowing it to escape before it is initialized.
 105          * For each object, all the fields are read before any are assigned.
 106          * The `readObject` and `readObjectNoData` methods are not present and are not called.
 107          */
 108         READ_OBJECT_DEFAULT,
 109         /**
 110          * Creates a new object and invokes its readExternal method to read its contents.
 111          * If the class is instantiable, read externalizable data by invoking readExternal()
 112          * method of obj; otherwise, attempts to skip over externalizable data.
 113          * Expects that passHandle is set to obj's handle before this method is
 114          * called.  The new object is entered in the handle table immediately,
 115          * allowing it to leak before it is completely read.
 116          */
 117         READ_EXTERNALIZABLE,
 118         /**
 119          * Read all the record fields and invoke its canonical constructor.
 120          * Construct the record using its canonical constructor.
 121          * The new record is entered in the handle table only after the constructor returns.
 122          */
 123         READ_RECORD,
 124         /**
 125          * Fully custom read from the stream to create an instance.
 126          * If the class is not instantiatable or is tagged with ClassNotFoundException
 127          * the data in the stream for the class is read and discarded. {@link #READ_NO_LOCAL_CLASS}
 128          * The instance is created and set in the handle table, allowing it to leak before it is initialized.
 129          * For each serializable class in the stream, from superclass to subclass the
 130          * stream values are read by the `readObject` method, if present, or defaultReadObject.
 131          * Custom inline data is discarded if not consumed by the class `readObject` method.
 132          */
 133         READ_OBJECT_CUSTOM,
 134         /**
 135          * Construct an object by reading the values of all fields and
 136          * invoking a constructor or static factory method.
 137          * The constructor or static factory method is selected by matching its parameters with the
 138          * sequence of field types of the serializable fields of the local class and superclasses.
 139          * Invoke the constructor with all the values from the stream, inserting
 140          * defaults and dropping extra values as necessary.
 141          * This is very similar to the reading of records, except for the identification of
 142          * the constructor or static factory.
 143          */
 144         READ_OBJECT_VALUE,
 145         /**
 146          * Read and discard an entire object, leaving a null reference in the HandleTable.
 147          * The descriptor of the class in the stream is used to read the fields from the stream.
 148          * There is no instance in which to store the field values.
 149          * Custom data following the fields of any slot is read and discarded.
 150          * References to nested objects are read and retained in the
 151          * handle table using the regular mechanism.
 152          * Handles later in the stream may refer to the nested objects.
 153          */
 154         READ_NO_LOCAL_CLASS,
 155     }
 156 
 157     private static class Caches {
 158         /** cache mapping local classes -> descriptors */
 159         static final ClassCache<ObjectStreamClass> localDescs =
 160             new ClassCache<>() {
 161                 @Override
 162                 protected ObjectStreamClass computeValue(Class<?> type) {
 163                     return new ObjectStreamClass(type);
 164                 }
 165             };
 166 
 167         /** cache mapping field group/local desc pairs -> field reflectors */
 168         static final ClassCache<Map<FieldReflectorKey, FieldReflector>> reflectors =
 169             new ClassCache<>() {
 170                 @Override
 171                 protected Map<FieldReflectorKey, FieldReflector> computeValue(Class<?> type) {
 172                     return new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 173                 }
 174             };
 175     }
 176 
 177     /** class associated with this descriptor (if any) */
 178     private Class<?> cl;
 179     /** name of class represented by this descriptor */
 180     private String name;
 181     /** serialVersionUID of represented class (null if not computed yet) */
 182     private volatile Long suid;
 183 
 184     /** true if represents dynamic proxy class */
 185     private boolean isProxy;
 186     /** true if represents enum type */
 187     private boolean isEnum;
 188     /** true if represents record type */
 189     private boolean isRecord;
 190     /** true if represents a value class */
 191     private boolean isValue;
 192     /** The DeserializationMode for this class. */
 193     private DeserializationMode factoryMode;
 194     /** true if represented class implements Serializable */
 195     private boolean serializable;
 196     /** true if represented class implements Externalizable */
 197     private boolean externalizable;
 198     /** true if desc has data written by class-defined writeObject method */
 199     private boolean hasWriteObjectData;
 200     /**
 201      * true if desc has externalizable data written in block data format; this
 202      * must be true by default to accommodate ObjectInputStream subclasses which
 203      * override readClassDescriptor() to return class descriptors obtained from
 204      * ObjectStreamClass.lookup() (see 4461737)
 205      */
 206     private boolean hasBlockExternalData = true;
 207 
 208     /**
 209      * Contains information about InvalidClassException instances to be thrown
 210      * when attempting operations on an invalid class. Note that instances of
 211      * this class are immutable and are potentially shared among
 212      * ObjectStreamClass instances.
 213      */
 214     private static class ExceptionInfo {
 215         private final String className;
 216         private final String message;
 217 
 218         ExceptionInfo(String cn, String msg) {
 219             className = cn;
 220             message = msg;
 221         }
 222 
 223         /**
 224          * Returns (does not throw) an InvalidClassException instance created
 225          * from the information in this object, suitable for being thrown by
 226          * the caller.
 227          */
 228         InvalidClassException newInvalidClassException() {
 229             return new InvalidClassException(className, message);
 230         }
 231     }
 232 
 233     /** exception (if any) thrown while attempting to resolve class */
 234     private ClassNotFoundException resolveEx;
 235     /** exception (if any) to throw if non-enum deserialization attempted */
 236     private ExceptionInfo deserializeEx;
 237     /** exception (if any) to throw if non-enum serialization attempted */
 238     private ExceptionInfo serializeEx;
 239     /** exception (if any) to throw if default serialization attempted */
 240     private ExceptionInfo defaultSerializeEx;
 241 
 242     /** serializable fields */
 243     private ObjectStreamField[] fields;
 244     /** aggregate marshalled size of primitive fields */
 245     private int primDataSize;
 246     /** number of non-primitive fields */
 247     private int numObjFields;
 248     /** reflector for setting/getting serializable field values */
 249     private FieldReflector fieldRefl;
 250     /** data layout of serialized objects described by this class desc */
 251     private volatile List<ClassDataSlot> dataLayout;
 252 
 253     /** serialization-appropriate constructor, or null if none */
 254     private Constructor<?> cons;
 255     /** record canonical constructor (shared among OSCs for same class), or null */
 256     private MethodHandle canonicalCtr;
 257     /** cache of record deserialization constructors per unique set of stream fields
 258      * (shared among OSCs for same class), or null */
 259     private DeserializationConstructorsCache deserializationCtrs;
 260     /** session-cache of record deserialization constructor
 261      * (in de-serialized OSC only), or null */
 262     private MethodHandle deserializationCtr;
 263 
 264     /** class-defined writeObject method, or null if none */
 265     private Method writeObjectMethod;
 266     /** class-defined readObject method, or null if none */
 267     private Method readObjectMethod;
 268     /** class-defined readObjectNoData method, or null if none */
 269     private Method readObjectNoDataMethod;
 270     /** class-defined writeReplace method, or null if none */
 271     private Method writeReplaceMethod;
 272     /** class-defined readResolve method, or null if none */
 273     private Method readResolveMethod;
 274 
 275     /** local class descriptor for represented class (may point to self) */
 276     private ObjectStreamClass localDesc;
 277     /** superclass descriptor appearing in stream */
 278     private ObjectStreamClass superDesc;
 279 
 280     /** true if, and only if, the object has been correctly initialized */
 281     private boolean initialized;
 282 
 283     /**
 284      * Initializes native code.
 285      */
 286     private static native void initNative();
 287     static {
 288         initNative();
 289     }
 290 
 291     /**
 292      * Find the descriptor for a class that can be serialized.  Creates an
 293      * ObjectStreamClass instance if one does not exist yet for class. Null is
 294      * returned if the specified class does not implement java.io.Serializable
 295      * or java.io.Externalizable.
 296      *
 297      * @param   cl class for which to get the descriptor
 298      * @return  the class descriptor for the specified class
 299      */
 300     public static ObjectStreamClass lookup(Class<?> cl) {
 301         return lookup(cl, false);
 302     }
 303 
 304     /**
 305      * Returns the descriptor for any class, regardless of whether it
 306      * implements {@link Serializable}.
 307      *
 308      * @param        cl class for which to get the descriptor
 309      * @return       the class descriptor for the specified class
 310      * @since 1.6
 311      */
 312     public static ObjectStreamClass lookupAny(Class<?> cl) {
 313         return lookup(cl, true);
 314     }
 315 
 316     /**
 317      * Returns the name of the class described by this descriptor.
 318      * This method returns the name of the class in the format that
 319      * is used by the {@link Class#getName} method.
 320      *
 321      * @return a string representing the name of the class
 322      */
 323     public String getName() {
 324         return name;
 325     }
 326 
 327     /**
 328      * Return the serialVersionUID for this class.  The serialVersionUID
 329      * defines a set of classes all with the same name that have evolved from a
 330      * common root class and agree to be serialized and deserialized using a
 331      * common format.  NonSerializable classes have a serialVersionUID of 0L.
 332      *
 333      * @return  the SUID of the class described by this descriptor
 334      */
 335     public long getSerialVersionUID() {
 336         // REMIND: synchronize instead of relying on volatile?
 337         if (suid == null) {
 338             if (isRecord)
 339                 return 0L;
 340 
 341             suid = computeDefaultSUID(cl);
 342         }
 343         return suid.longValue();
 344     }
 345 
 346     /**
 347      * Return the class in the local VM that this version is mapped to.  Null
 348      * is returned if there is no corresponding local class.
 349      *
 350      * @return  the {@code Class} instance that this descriptor represents
 351      */
 352     public Class<?> forClass() {
 353         if (cl == null) {
 354             return null;
 355         }
 356         requireInitialized();
 357         return cl;
 358     }
 359 
 360     /**
 361      * Return an array of the fields of this serializable class.
 362      *
 363      * @return  an array containing an element for each persistent field of
 364      *          this class. Returns an array of length zero if there are no
 365      *          fields.
 366      * @since 1.2
 367      */
 368     public ObjectStreamField[] getFields() {
 369         return getFields(true);
 370     }
 371 
 372     /**
 373      * Get the field of this class by name.
 374      *
 375      * @param   name the name of the data field to look for
 376      * @return  The ObjectStreamField object of the named field or null if
 377      *          there is no such named field.
 378      */
 379     public ObjectStreamField getField(String name) {
 380         return getField(name, null);
 381     }
 382 
 383     /**
 384      * Return a string describing this ObjectStreamClass.
 385      */
 386     public String toString() {
 387         return name + ": static final long serialVersionUID = " +
 388             getSerialVersionUID() + "L;";
 389     }
 390 
 391     /**
 392      * Looks up and returns class descriptor for given class, or null if class
 393      * is non-serializable and "all" is set to false.
 394      *
 395      * @param   cl class to look up
 396      * @param   all if true, return descriptors for all classes; if false, only
 397      *          return descriptors for serializable classes
 398      */
 399     static ObjectStreamClass lookup(Class<?> cl, boolean all) {
 400         if (!(all || Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl))) {
 401             return null;
 402         }
 403         return Caches.localDescs.get(cl);
 404     }
 405 
 406     /**
 407      * Creates local class descriptor representing given class.
 408      */
 409     private ObjectStreamClass(final Class<?> cl) {
 410         this.cl = cl;
 411         name = cl.getName();
 412         isProxy = Proxy.isProxyClass(cl);
 413         isEnum = Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);
 414         isRecord = cl.isRecord();
 415         isValue = cl.isValue();
 416         serializable = Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);
 417         externalizable = Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);
 418 
 419         Class<?> superCl = cl.getSuperclass();
 420         superDesc = (superCl != null) ? lookup(superCl, false) : null;
 421         localDesc = this;
 422 
 423         if (serializable) {
 424             if (isEnum) {
 425                 suid = 0L;
 426                 fields = NO_FIELDS;
 427             } else if (cl.isArray()) {
 428                 fields = NO_FIELDS;
 429             } else {
 430                 suid = getDeclaredSUID(cl);
 431                 try {
 432                     fields = getSerialFields(cl);
 433                     computeFieldOffsets();
 434                 } catch (InvalidClassException e) {
 435                     serializeEx = deserializeEx =
 436                             new ExceptionInfo(e.classname, e.getMessage());
 437                     fields = NO_FIELDS;
 438                 }
 439 
 440                 if (isRecord) {
 441                     factoryMode = DeserializationMode.READ_RECORD;
 442                     canonicalCtr = canonicalRecordCtr(cl);
 443                     deserializationCtrs = new DeserializationConstructorsCache();
 444                 } else if (externalizable) {
 445                     factoryMode = DeserializationMode.READ_EXTERNALIZABLE;
 446                     if (cl.isIdentity()) {
 447                         cons = getExternalizableConstructor(cl);
 448                     } else {
 449                         serializeEx = deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(cl.getName(),
 450                                 "Externalizable not valid for value class");
 451                     }
 452                 } else if (cl.isValue()) {
 453                     factoryMode = DeserializationMode.READ_OBJECT_VALUE;
 454                     if (!cl.isAnnotationPresent(MigratedValueClass.class)) {
 455                         serializeEx = deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(cl.getName(),
 456                                                                         "Value class serialization is only supported with `writeReplace`");
 457                     } else if (Modifier.isAbstract(cl.getModifiers())) {
 458                         serializeEx = deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(cl.getName(),
 459                                                                         "value class is abstract");
 460                     } else {
 461                         // Value classes should have constructor(s) annotated with {@link DeserializeConstructor}
 462                         canonicalCtr = getDeserializingValueCons(cl, fields);
 463                         deserializationCtrs = new DeserializationConstructorsCache();                            factoryMode = DeserializationMode.READ_OBJECT_VALUE;
 464                         if (canonicalCtr == null) {
 465                             serializeEx = deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(cl.getName(),
 466                                                                             "no constructor or factory found for migrated value class");
 467                         }
 468                     }
 469                 } else {
 470                     cons = getSerializableConstructor(cl);
 471                     writeObjectMethod = getPrivateMethod(cl, "writeObject",
 472                             new Class<?>[]{ObjectOutputStream.class},
 473                             Void.TYPE);
 474                     readObjectMethod = getPrivateMethod(cl, "readObject",
 475                             new Class<?>[]{ObjectInputStream.class},
 476                             Void.TYPE);
 477                     readObjectNoDataMethod = getPrivateMethod(
 478                             cl, "readObjectNoData", null, Void.TYPE);
 479                     hasWriteObjectData = (writeObjectMethod != null);
 480                     factoryMode = ((superDesc == null || superDesc.factoryMode() == DeserializationMode.READ_OBJECT_DEFAULT)
 481                                    && readObjectMethod == null && readObjectNoDataMethod == null)
 482                         ? DeserializationMode.READ_OBJECT_DEFAULT
 483                         : DeserializationMode.READ_OBJECT_CUSTOM;
 484                 }
 485                 writeReplaceMethod = getInheritableMethod(
 486                         cl, "writeReplace", null, Object.class);
 487                 readResolveMethod = getInheritableMethod(
 488                         cl, "readResolve", null, Object.class);
 489             }
 490         } else {
 491             suid = 0L;
 492             fields = NO_FIELDS;
 493         }
 494 
 495         try {
 496             fieldRefl = getReflector(fields, this);
 497         } catch (InvalidClassException ex) {
 498             // field mismatches impossible when matching local fields vs. self
 499             throw new InternalError(ex);
 500         }
 501 
 502         if (deserializeEx == null) {
 503             if (isEnum) {
 504                 deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(name, "enum type");
 505             } else if (cons == null && !(isRecord | isValue)) {
 506                 deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(name, "no valid constructor");
 507             }
 508         }
 509         if (isRecord && canonicalCtr == null) {
 510             deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(name, "record canonical constructor not found");
 511         } else {
 512             for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
 513                 if (fields[i].getField() == null) {
 514                     defaultSerializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(
 515                         name, "unmatched serializable field(s) declared");
 516                 }
 517             }
 518         }
 519         initialized = true;
 520 
 521         if (SerializationMisdeclarationEvent.enabled() && serializable) {
 522             SerializationMisdeclarationChecker.checkMisdeclarations(cl);
 523         }
 524     }
 525 
 526     /**
 527      * Creates blank class descriptor which should be initialized via a
 528      * subsequent call to initProxy(), initNonProxy() or readNonProxy().
 529      */
 530     ObjectStreamClass() {
 531     }
 532 
 533     /**
 534      * Initializes class descriptor representing a proxy class.
 535      */
 536     void initProxy(Class<?> cl,
 537                    ClassNotFoundException resolveEx,
 538                    ObjectStreamClass superDesc)
 539         throws InvalidClassException
 540     {
 541         ObjectStreamClass osc = null;
 542         if (cl != null) {
 543             osc = lookup(cl, true);
 544             if (!osc.isProxy) {
 545                 throw new InvalidClassException(
 546                     "cannot bind proxy descriptor to a non-proxy class");
 547             }
 548         }
 549         this.cl = cl;
 550         this.resolveEx = resolveEx;
 551         this.superDesc = superDesc;
 552         isProxy = true;
 553         serializable = true;
 554         suid = 0L;
 555         fields = NO_FIELDS;
 556         if (osc != null) {
 557             localDesc = osc;
 558             name = localDesc.name;
 559             externalizable = localDesc.externalizable;
 560             writeReplaceMethod = localDesc.writeReplaceMethod;
 561             readResolveMethod = localDesc.readResolveMethod;
 562             deserializeEx = localDesc.deserializeEx;
 563             cons = localDesc.cons;
 564             factoryMode = localDesc.factoryMode;
 565         } else {
 566             factoryMode = DeserializationMode.READ_OBJECT_DEFAULT;
 567         }
 568         fieldRefl = getReflector(fields, localDesc);
 569         initialized = true;
 570     }
 571 
 572     /**
 573      * Initializes class descriptor representing a non-proxy class.
 574      */
 575     void initNonProxy(ObjectStreamClass model,
 576                       Class<?> cl,
 577                       ClassNotFoundException resolveEx,
 578                       ObjectStreamClass superDesc)
 579         throws InvalidClassException
 580     {
 581         long suid = model.getSerialVersionUID();
 582         ObjectStreamClass osc = null;
 583         if (cl != null) {
 584             osc = lookup(cl, true);
 585             if (osc.isProxy) {
 586                 throw new InvalidClassException(
 587                         "cannot bind non-proxy descriptor to a proxy class");
 588             }
 589             if (model.isEnum != osc.isEnum) {
 590                 throw new InvalidClassException(model.isEnum ?
 591                         "cannot bind enum descriptor to a non-enum class" :
 592                         "cannot bind non-enum descriptor to an enum class");
 593             }
 594 
 595             if (model.serializable == osc.serializable &&
 596                     !cl.isArray() && !cl.isRecord() &&
 597                     suid != osc.getSerialVersionUID()) {
 598                 throw new InvalidClassException(osc.name,
 599                         "local class incompatible: " +
 600                                 "stream classdesc serialVersionUID = " + suid +
 601                                 ", local class serialVersionUID = " +
 602                                 osc.getSerialVersionUID());
 603             }
 604 
 605             if (!classNamesEqual(model.name, osc.name)) {
 606                 throw new InvalidClassException(osc.name,
 607                         "local class name incompatible with stream class " +
 608                                 "name \"" + model.name + "\"");
 609             }
 610 
 611             if (!model.isEnum) {
 612                 if ((model.serializable == osc.serializable) &&
 613                         (model.externalizable != osc.externalizable)) {
 614                     throw new InvalidClassException(osc.name,
 615                             "Serializable incompatible with Externalizable");
 616                 }
 617 
 618                 if ((model.serializable != osc.serializable) ||
 619                         (model.externalizable != osc.externalizable) ||
 620                         !(model.serializable || model.externalizable)) {
 621                     deserializeEx = new ExceptionInfo(
 622                             osc.name, "class invalid for deserialization");
 623                 }
 624             }
 625         }
 626 
 627         this.cl = cl;
 628         this.resolveEx = resolveEx;
 629         this.superDesc = superDesc;
 630         name = model.name;
 631         this.suid = suid;
 632         isProxy = false;
 633         isEnum = model.isEnum;
 634         serializable = model.serializable;
 635         externalizable = model.externalizable;
 636         hasBlockExternalData = model.hasBlockExternalData;
 637         hasWriteObjectData = model.hasWriteObjectData;
 638         fields = model.fields;
 639         primDataSize = model.primDataSize;
 640         numObjFields = model.numObjFields;
 641 
 642         if (osc != null) {
 643             localDesc = osc;
 644             isRecord = localDesc.isRecord;
 645             isValue = localDesc.isValue;
 646             // canonical record constructor is shared
 647             canonicalCtr = localDesc.canonicalCtr;
 648             // cache of deserialization constructors is shared
 649             deserializationCtrs = localDesc.deserializationCtrs;
 650             writeObjectMethod = localDesc.writeObjectMethod;
 651             readObjectMethod = localDesc.readObjectMethod;
 652             readObjectNoDataMethod = localDesc.readObjectNoDataMethod;
 653             writeReplaceMethod = localDesc.writeReplaceMethod;
 654             readResolveMethod = localDesc.readResolveMethod;
 655             if (deserializeEx == null) {
 656                 deserializeEx = localDesc.deserializeEx;
 657             }
 658             assert cl.isRecord() ? localDesc.cons == null : true;
 659             cons = localDesc.cons;
 660             factoryMode = localDesc.factoryMode;
 661         } else {
 662             // No local class, read data using only the schema from the stream
 663             factoryMode = (externalizable)
 664                     ? DeserializationMode.READ_EXTERNALIZABLE
 665                     : DeserializationMode.READ_NO_LOCAL_CLASS;
 666         }
 667 
 668         fieldRefl = getReflector(fields, localDesc);
 669         // reassign to matched fields so as to reflect local unshared settings
 670         fields = fieldRefl.getFields();
 671 
 672         initialized = true;
 673     }
 674 
 675     /**
 676      * Reads non-proxy class descriptor information from given input stream.
 677      * The resulting class descriptor is not fully functional; it can only be
 678      * used as input to the ObjectInputStream.resolveClass() and
 679      * ObjectStreamClass.initNonProxy() methods.
 680      */
 681     void readNonProxy(ObjectInputStream in)
 682         throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
 683     {
 684         name = in.readUTF();
 685         suid = in.readLong();
 686         isProxy = false;
 687 
 688         byte flags = in.readByte();
 689         hasWriteObjectData =
 690             ((flags & ObjectStreamConstants.SC_WRITE_METHOD) != 0);
 691         hasBlockExternalData =
 692             ((flags & ObjectStreamConstants.SC_BLOCK_DATA) != 0);
 693         externalizable =
 694             ((flags & ObjectStreamConstants.SC_EXTERNALIZABLE) != 0);
 695         boolean sflag =
 696             ((flags & ObjectStreamConstants.SC_SERIALIZABLE) != 0);
 697         if (externalizable && sflag) {
 698             throw new InvalidClassException(
 699                 name, "serializable and externalizable flags conflict");
 700         }
 701         serializable = externalizable || sflag;
 702         isEnum = ((flags & ObjectStreamConstants.SC_ENUM) != 0);
 703         if (isEnum && suid.longValue() != 0L) {
 704             throw new InvalidClassException(name,
 705                 "enum descriptor has non-zero serialVersionUID: " + suid);
 706         }
 707 
 708         int numFields = in.readShort();
 709         if (isEnum && numFields != 0) {
 710             throw new InvalidClassException(name,
 711                 "enum descriptor has non-zero field count: " + numFields);
 712         }
 713         fields = (numFields > 0) ?
 714             new ObjectStreamField[numFields] : NO_FIELDS;
 715         for (int i = 0; i < numFields; i++) {
 716             char tcode = (char) in.readByte();
 717             String fname = in.readUTF();
 718             String signature = ((tcode == 'L') || (tcode == '[')) ?
 719                 in.readTypeString() : String.valueOf(tcode);
 720             try {
 721                 fields[i] = new ObjectStreamField(fname, signature, false, -1);
 722             } catch (RuntimeException e) {
 723                 throw new InvalidClassException(name,
 724                                                 "invalid descriptor for field " +
 725                                                 fname, e);
 726             }
 727         }
 728         computeFieldOffsets();
 729     }
 730 
 731     /**
 732      * Writes non-proxy class descriptor information to given output stream.
 733      */
 734     void writeNonProxy(ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
 735         out.writeUTF(name);
 736         out.writeLong(getSerialVersionUID());
 737 
 738         byte flags = 0;
 739         if (externalizable) {
 740             flags |= ObjectStreamConstants.SC_EXTERNALIZABLE;
 741             int protocol = out.getProtocolVersion();
 742             if (protocol != ObjectStreamConstants.PROTOCOL_VERSION_1) {
 743                 flags |= ObjectStreamConstants.SC_BLOCK_DATA;
 744             }
 745         } else if (serializable) {
 746             flags |= ObjectStreamConstants.SC_SERIALIZABLE;
 747         }
 748         if (hasWriteObjectData) {
 749             flags |= ObjectStreamConstants.SC_WRITE_METHOD;
 750         }
 751         if (isEnum) {
 752             flags |= ObjectStreamConstants.SC_ENUM;
 753         }
 754         out.writeByte(flags);
 755 
 756         out.writeShort(fields.length);
 757         for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
 758             ObjectStreamField f = fields[i];
 759             out.writeByte(f.getTypeCode());
 760             out.writeUTF(f.getName());
 761             if (!f.isPrimitive()) {
 762                 out.writeTypeString(f.getTypeString());
 763             }
 764         }
 765     }
 766 
 767     /**
 768      * Returns ClassNotFoundException (if any) thrown while attempting to
 769      * resolve local class corresponding to this class descriptor.
 770      */
 771     ClassNotFoundException getResolveException() {
 772         return resolveEx;
 773     }
 774 
 775     /**
 776      * Throws InternalError if not initialized.
 777      */
 778     private final void requireInitialized() {
 779         if (!initialized)
 780             throw new InternalError("Unexpected call when not initialized");
 781     }
 782 
 783     /**
 784      * Throws InvalidClassException if not initialized.
 785      * To be called in cases where an uninitialized class descriptor indicates
 786      * a problem in the serialization stream.
 787      */
 788     final void checkInitialized() throws InvalidClassException {
 789         if (!initialized) {
 790             throw new InvalidClassException("Class descriptor should be initialized");
 791         }
 792     }
 793 
 794     /**
 795      * Throws an InvalidClassException if object instances referencing this
 796      * class descriptor should not be allowed to deserialize.  This method does
 797      * not apply to deserialization of enum constants.
 798      */
 799     void checkDeserialize() throws InvalidClassException {
 800         requireInitialized();
 801         if (deserializeEx != null) {
 802             throw deserializeEx.newInvalidClassException();
 803         }
 804     }
 805 
 806     /**
 807      * Throws an InvalidClassException if objects whose class is represented by
 808      * this descriptor should not be allowed to serialize.  This method does
 809      * not apply to serialization of enum constants.
 810      */
 811     void checkSerialize() throws InvalidClassException {
 812         requireInitialized();
 813         if (serializeEx != null) {
 814             throw serializeEx.newInvalidClassException();
 815         }
 816     }
 817 
 818     /**
 819      * Throws an InvalidClassException if objects whose class is represented by
 820      * this descriptor should not be permitted to use default serialization
 821      * (e.g., if the class declares serializable fields that do not correspond
 822      * to actual fields, and hence must use the GetField API).  This method
 823      * does not apply to deserialization of enum constants.
 824      */
 825     void checkDefaultSerialize() throws InvalidClassException {
 826         requireInitialized();
 827         if (defaultSerializeEx != null) {
 828             throw defaultSerializeEx.newInvalidClassException();
 829         }
 830     }
 831 
 832     /**
 833      * Returns superclass descriptor.  Note that on the receiving side, the
 834      * superclass descriptor may be bound to a class that is not a superclass
 835      * of the subclass descriptor's bound class.
 836      */
 837     ObjectStreamClass getSuperDesc() {
 838         requireInitialized();
 839         return superDesc;
 840     }
 841 
 842     /**
 843      * Returns the "local" class descriptor for the class associated with this
 844      * class descriptor (i.e., the result of
 845      * ObjectStreamClass.lookup(this.forClass())) or null if there is no class
 846      * associated with this descriptor.
 847      */
 848     ObjectStreamClass getLocalDesc() {
 849         requireInitialized();
 850         return localDesc;
 851     }
 852 
 853     /**
 854      * Returns arrays of ObjectStreamFields representing the serializable
 855      * fields of the represented class.  If copy is true, a clone of this class
 856      * descriptor's field array is returned, otherwise the array itself is
 857      * returned.
 858      */
 859     ObjectStreamField[] getFields(boolean copy) {
 860         return copy ? fields.clone() : fields;
 861     }
 862 
 863     /**
 864      * Looks up a serializable field of the represented class by name and type.
 865      * A specified type of null matches all types, Object.class matches all
 866      * non-primitive types, and any other non-null type matches assignable
 867      * types only.  Returns matching field, or null if no match found.
 868      */
 869     ObjectStreamField getField(String name, Class<?> type) {
 870         for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
 871             ObjectStreamField f = fields[i];
 872             if (f.getName().equals(name)) {
 873                 if (type == null ||
 874                     (type == Object.class && !f.isPrimitive()))
 875                 {
 876                     return f;
 877                 }
 878                 Class<?> ftype = f.getType();
 879                 if (ftype != null && type.isAssignableFrom(ftype)) {
 880                     return f;
 881                 }
 882             }
 883         }
 884         return null;
 885     }
 886 
 887     /**
 888      * Returns true if class descriptor represents a dynamic proxy class, false
 889      * otherwise.
 890      */
 891     boolean isProxy() {
 892         requireInitialized();
 893         return isProxy;
 894     }
 895 
 896     /**
 897      * Returns true if class descriptor represents an enum type, false
 898      * otherwise.
 899      */
 900     boolean isEnum() {
 901         requireInitialized();
 902         return isEnum;
 903     }
 904 
 905     /**
 906      * Returns true if class descriptor represents a record type, false
 907      * otherwise.
 908      */
 909     boolean isRecord() {
 910         requireInitialized();
 911         return isRecord;
 912     }
 913 
 914     /**
 915      * Returns true if represented class implements Externalizable, false
 916      * otherwise.
 917      */
 918     boolean isExternalizable() {
 919         requireInitialized();
 920         return externalizable;
 921     }
 922 
 923     /**
 924      * Returns true if represented class implements Serializable, false
 925      * otherwise.
 926      */
 927     boolean isSerializable() {
 928         requireInitialized();
 929         return serializable;
 930     }
 931 
 932     /**
 933      * {@return {code true} if the class is a value class, {@code false} otherwise}
 934      */
 935     boolean isValue() {
 936         requireInitialized();
 937         return isValue;
 938     }
 939 
 940     /**
 941      * {@return the factory mode for deserialization}
 942      */
 943     DeserializationMode factoryMode() {
 944         requireInitialized();
 945         return factoryMode;
 946     }
 947 
 948     /**
 949      * Returns true if class descriptor represents externalizable class that
 950      * has written its data in 1.2 (block data) format, false otherwise.
 951      */
 952     boolean hasBlockExternalData() {
 953         requireInitialized();
 954         return hasBlockExternalData;
 955     }
 956 
 957     /**
 958      * Returns true if class descriptor represents serializable (but not
 959      * externalizable) class which has written its data via a custom
 960      * writeObject() method, false otherwise.
 961      */
 962     boolean hasWriteObjectData() {
 963         requireInitialized();
 964         return hasWriteObjectData;
 965     }
 966 
 967     /**
 968      * Returns true if represented class is serializable/externalizable and can
 969      * be instantiated by the serialization runtime--i.e., if it is
 970      * externalizable and defines a public no-arg constructor, if it is
 971      * non-externalizable and its first non-serializable superclass defines an
 972      * accessible no-arg constructor, or if the class is a value class with a @DeserializeConstructor
 973      * constructor or static factory.
 974      * Otherwise, returns false.
 975      */
 976     boolean isInstantiable() {
 977         requireInitialized();
 978         return (cons != null || (isValue() && canonicalCtr != null));
 979     }
 980 
 981     /**
 982      * Returns true if represented class is serializable (but not
 983      * externalizable) and defines a conformant writeObject method.  Otherwise,
 984      * returns false.
 985      */
 986     boolean hasWriteObjectMethod() {
 987         requireInitialized();
 988         return (writeObjectMethod != null);
 989     }
 990 
 991     /**
 992      * Returns true if represented class is serializable (but not
 993      * externalizable) and defines a conformant readObject method.  Otherwise,
 994      * returns false.
 995      */
 996     boolean hasReadObjectMethod() {
 997         requireInitialized();
 998         return (readObjectMethod != null);
 999     }
1000 
1001     /**
1002      * Returns true if represented class is serializable (but not
1003      * externalizable) and defines a conformant readObjectNoData method.
1004      * Otherwise, returns false.
1005      */
1006     boolean hasReadObjectNoDataMethod() {
1007         requireInitialized();
1008         return (readObjectNoDataMethod != null);
1009     }
1010 
1011     /**
1012      * Returns true if represented class is serializable or externalizable and
1013      * defines a conformant writeReplace method.  Otherwise, returns false.
1014      */
1015     boolean hasWriteReplaceMethod() {
1016         requireInitialized();
1017         return (writeReplaceMethod != null);
1018     }
1019 
1020     /**
1021      * Returns true if represented class is serializable or externalizable and
1022      * defines a conformant readResolve method.  Otherwise, returns false.
1023      */
1024     boolean hasReadResolveMethod() {
1025         requireInitialized();
1026         return (readResolveMethod != null);
1027     }
1028 
1029     /**
1030      * Creates a new instance of the represented class.  If the class is
1031      * externalizable, invokes its public no-arg constructor; otherwise, if the
1032      * class is serializable, invokes the no-arg constructor of the first
1033      * non-serializable superclass.  Throws UnsupportedOperationException if
1034      * this class descriptor is not associated with a class, if the associated
1035      * class is non-serializable or if the appropriate no-arg constructor is
1036      * inaccessible/unavailable.
1037      */
1038     Object newInstance()
1039         throws InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException,
1040                UnsupportedOperationException
1041     {
1042         requireInitialized();
1043         if (cons != null) {
1044             try {
1045                 return cons.newInstance();
1046             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
1047                 // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed
1048                 throw new InternalError(ex);
1049             } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
1050                 Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
1051                 if (cause instanceof Error err)
1052                     throw err;
1053                 else
1054                     throw ex;
1055             } catch (InstantiationError err) {
1056                 var ex = new InstantiationException();
1057                 ex.initCause(err);
1058                 throw ex;
1059             }
1060         } else {
1061             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1062         }
1063     }
1064 
1065     /**
1066      * Invokes the writeObject method of the represented serializable class.
1067      * Throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class descriptor is not
1068      * associated with a class, or if the class is externalizable,
1069      * non-serializable or does not define writeObject.
1070      */
1071     void invokeWriteObject(Object obj, ObjectOutputStream out)
1072         throws IOException, UnsupportedOperationException
1073     {
1074         requireInitialized();
1075         if (writeObjectMethod != null) {
1076             try {
1077                 writeObjectMethod.invoke(obj, new Object[]{ out });
1078             } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
1079                 Throwable th = ex.getCause();
1080                 if (th instanceof IOException) {
1081                     throw (IOException) th;
1082                 } else {
1083                     throwMiscException(th);
1084                 }
1085             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
1086                 // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed
1087                 throw new InternalError(ex);
1088             }
1089         } else {
1090             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1091         }
1092     }
1093 
1094     /**
1095      * Invokes the readObject method of the represented serializable class.
1096      * Throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class descriptor is not
1097      * associated with a class, or if the class is externalizable,
1098      * non-serializable or does not define readObject.
1099      */
1100     void invokeReadObject(Object obj, ObjectInputStream in)
1101         throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException,
1102                UnsupportedOperationException
1103     {
1104         requireInitialized();
1105         if (readObjectMethod != null) {
1106             try {
1107                 readObjectMethod.invoke(obj, new Object[]{ in });
1108             } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
1109                 Throwable th = ex.getCause();
1110                 if (th instanceof ClassNotFoundException) {
1111                     throw (ClassNotFoundException) th;
1112                 } else if (th instanceof IOException) {
1113                     throw (IOException) th;
1114                 } else {
1115                     throwMiscException(th);
1116                 }
1117             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
1118                 // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed
1119                 throw new InternalError(ex);
1120             }
1121         } else {
1122             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1123         }
1124     }
1125 
1126     /**
1127      * Invokes the readObjectNoData method of the represented serializable
1128      * class.  Throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class descriptor is
1129      * not associated with a class, or if the class is externalizable,
1130      * non-serializable or does not define readObjectNoData.
1131      */
1132     void invokeReadObjectNoData(Object obj)
1133         throws IOException, UnsupportedOperationException
1134     {
1135         requireInitialized();
1136         if (readObjectNoDataMethod != null) {
1137             try {
1138                 readObjectNoDataMethod.invoke(obj, (Object[]) null);
1139             } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
1140                 Throwable th = ex.getCause();
1141                 if (th instanceof ObjectStreamException) {
1142                     throw (ObjectStreamException) th;
1143                 } else {
1144                     throwMiscException(th);
1145                 }
1146             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
1147                 // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed
1148                 throw new InternalError(ex);
1149             }
1150         } else {
1151             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1152         }
1153     }
1154 
1155     /**
1156      * Invokes the writeReplace method of the represented serializable class and
1157      * returns the result.  Throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class
1158      * descriptor is not associated with a class, or if the class is
1159      * non-serializable or does not define writeReplace.
1160      */
1161     Object invokeWriteReplace(Object obj)
1162         throws IOException, UnsupportedOperationException
1163     {
1164         requireInitialized();
1165         if (writeReplaceMethod != null) {
1166             try {
1167                 return writeReplaceMethod.invoke(obj, (Object[]) null);
1168             } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
1169                 Throwable th = ex.getCause();
1170                 if (th instanceof ObjectStreamException) {
1171                     throw (ObjectStreamException) th;
1172                 } else {
1173                     throwMiscException(th);
1174                     throw new InternalError(th);  // never reached
1175                 }
1176             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
1177                 // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed
1178                 throw new InternalError(ex);
1179             }
1180         } else {
1181             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1182         }
1183     }
1184 
1185     /**
1186      * Invokes the readResolve method of the represented serializable class and
1187      * returns the result.  Throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class
1188      * descriptor is not associated with a class, or if the class is
1189      * non-serializable or does not define readResolve.
1190      */
1191     Object invokeReadResolve(Object obj)
1192         throws IOException, UnsupportedOperationException
1193     {
1194         requireInitialized();
1195         if (readResolveMethod != null) {
1196             try {
1197                 return readResolveMethod.invoke(obj, (Object[]) null);
1198             } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
1199                 Throwable th = ex.getCause();
1200                 if (th instanceof ObjectStreamException) {
1201                     throw (ObjectStreamException) th;
1202                 } else {
1203                     throwMiscException(th);
1204                     throw new InternalError(th);  // never reached
1205                 }
1206             } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
1207                 // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed
1208                 throw new InternalError(ex);
1209             }
1210         } else {
1211             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1212         }
1213     }
1214 
1215     /**
1216      * Class representing the portion of an object's serialized form allotted
1217      * to data described by a given class descriptor.  If "hasData" is false,
1218      * the object's serialized form does not contain data associated with the
1219      * class descriptor.
1220      */
1221     static class ClassDataSlot {
1222 
1223         /** class descriptor "occupying" this slot */
1224         final ObjectStreamClass desc;
1225         /** true if serialized form includes data for this slot's descriptor */
1226         final boolean hasData;
1227 
1228         ClassDataSlot(ObjectStreamClass desc, boolean hasData) {
1229             this.desc = desc;
1230             this.hasData = hasData;
1231         }
1232     }
1233 
1234     /**
1235      * Returns a List of ClassDataSlot instances representing the data layout
1236      * (including superclass data) for serialized objects described by this
1237      * class descriptor.  ClassDataSlots are ordered by inheritance with those
1238      * containing "higher" superclasses appearing first.  The final
1239      * ClassDataSlot contains a reference to this descriptor.
1240      */
1241     List<ClassDataSlot> getClassDataLayout() throws InvalidClassException {
1242         // REMIND: synchronize instead of relying on volatile?
1243         List<ClassDataSlot> layout = dataLayout;
1244         if (layout != null)
1245             return layout;
1246 
1247         ArrayList<ClassDataSlot> slots = new ArrayList<>();
1248         Class<?> start = cl, end = cl;
1249 
1250         // locate closest non-serializable superclass
1251         while (end != null && Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(end)) {
1252             end = end.getSuperclass();
1253         }
1254 
1255         HashSet<String> oscNames = new HashSet<>(3);
1256 
1257         for (ObjectStreamClass d = this; d != null; d = d.superDesc) {
1258             if (oscNames.contains(d.name)) {
1259                 throw new InvalidClassException("Circular reference.");
1260             } else {
1261                 oscNames.add(d.name);
1262             }
1263 
1264             // search up inheritance hierarchy for class with matching name
1265             String searchName = (d.cl != null) ? d.cl.getName() : d.name;
1266             Class<?> match = null;
1267             for (Class<?> c = start; c != end; c = c.getSuperclass()) {
1268                 if (searchName.equals(c.getName())) {
1269                     match = c;
1270                     break;
1271                 }
1272             }
1273 
1274             // add "no data" slot for each unmatched class below match
1275             if (match != null) {
1276                 for (Class<?> c = start; c != match; c = c.getSuperclass()) {
1277                     slots.add(new ClassDataSlot(
1278                         ObjectStreamClass.lookup(c, true), false));
1279                 }
1280                 start = match.getSuperclass();
1281             }
1282 
1283             // record descriptor/class pairing
1284             slots.add(new ClassDataSlot(d.getVariantFor(match), true));
1285         }
1286 
1287         // add "no data" slot for any leftover unmatched classes
1288         for (Class<?> c = start; c != end; c = c.getSuperclass()) {
1289             slots.add(new ClassDataSlot(
1290                 ObjectStreamClass.lookup(c, true), false));
1291         }
1292 
1293         // order slots from superclass -> subclass
1294         Collections.reverse(slots);
1295         dataLayout = slots;
1296         return slots;
1297     }
1298 
1299     /**
1300      * Returns aggregate size (in bytes) of marshalled primitive field values
1301      * for represented class.
1302      */
1303     int getPrimDataSize() {
1304         return primDataSize;
1305     }
1306 
1307     /**
1308      * Returns number of non-primitive serializable fields of represented
1309      * class.
1310      */
1311     int getNumObjFields() {
1312         return numObjFields;
1313     }
1314 
1315     /**
1316      * Fetches the serializable primitive field values of object obj and
1317      * marshals them into byte array buf starting at offset 0.  It is the
1318      * responsibility of the caller to ensure that obj is of the proper type if
1319      * non-null.
1320      */
1321     void getPrimFieldValues(Object obj, byte[] buf) {
1322         fieldRefl.getPrimFieldValues(obj, buf);
1323     }
1324 
1325     /**
1326      * Sets the serializable primitive fields of object obj using values
1327      * unmarshalled from byte array buf starting at offset 0.  It is the
1328      * responsibility of the caller to ensure that obj is of the proper type if
1329      * non-null.
1330      */
1331     void setPrimFieldValues(Object obj, byte[] buf) {
1332         fieldRefl.setPrimFieldValues(obj, buf);
1333     }
1334 
1335     /**
1336      * Fetches the serializable object field values of object obj and stores
1337      * them in array vals starting at offset 0.  It is the responsibility of
1338      * the caller to ensure that obj is of the proper type if non-null.
1339      */
1340     void getObjFieldValues(Object obj, Object[] vals) {
1341         fieldRefl.getObjFieldValues(obj, vals);
1342     }
1343 
1344     /**
1345      * Checks that the given values, from array vals starting at offset 0,
1346      * are assignable to the given serializable object fields.
1347      * @throws ClassCastException if any value is not assignable
1348      */
1349     void checkObjFieldValueTypes(Object obj, Object[] vals) {
1350         fieldRefl.checkObjectFieldValueTypes(obj, vals);
1351     }
1352 
1353     /**
1354      * Sets the serializable object fields of object obj using values from
1355      * array vals starting at offset 0.  It is the responsibility of the caller
1356      * to ensure that obj is of the proper type if non-null.
1357      */
1358     void setObjFieldValues(Object obj, Object[] vals) {
1359         fieldRefl.setObjFieldValues(obj, vals);
1360     }
1361 
1362     /**
1363      * Calculates and sets serializable field offsets, as well as primitive
1364      * data size and object field count totals.  Throws InvalidClassException
1365      * if fields are illegally ordered.
1366      */
1367     private void computeFieldOffsets() throws InvalidClassException {
1368         primDataSize = 0;
1369         numObjFields = 0;
1370         int firstObjIndex = -1;
1371 
1372         for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
1373             ObjectStreamField f = fields[i];
1374             switch (f.getTypeCode()) {
1375                 case 'Z', 'B' -> f.setOffset(primDataSize++);
1376                 case 'C', 'S' -> {
1377                     f.setOffset(primDataSize);
1378                     primDataSize += 2;
1379                 }
1380                 case 'I', 'F' -> {
1381                     f.setOffset(primDataSize);
1382                     primDataSize += 4;
1383                 }
1384                 case 'J', 'D' -> {
1385                     f.setOffset(primDataSize);
1386                     primDataSize += 8;
1387                 }
1388                 case '[', 'L' -> {
1389                     f.setOffset(numObjFields++);
1390                     if (firstObjIndex == -1) {
1391                         firstObjIndex = i;
1392                     }
1393                 }
1394                 default -> throw new InternalError();
1395             }
1396         }
1397         if (firstObjIndex != -1 &&
1398             firstObjIndex + numObjFields != fields.length)
1399         {
1400             throw new InvalidClassException(name, "illegal field order");
1401         }
1402     }
1403 
1404     /**
1405      * If given class is the same as the class associated with this class
1406      * descriptor, returns reference to this class descriptor.  Otherwise,
1407      * returns variant of this class descriptor bound to given class.
1408      */
1409     private ObjectStreamClass getVariantFor(Class<?> cl)
1410         throws InvalidClassException
1411     {
1412         if (this.cl == cl) {
1413             return this;
1414         }
1415         ObjectStreamClass desc = new ObjectStreamClass();
1416         if (isProxy) {
1417             desc.initProxy(cl, null, superDesc);
1418         } else {
1419             desc.initNonProxy(this, cl, null, superDesc);
1420         }
1421         return desc;
1422     }
1423 
1424     /**
1425      * Return a method handle for the static method or constructor(s) that matches the
1426      * serializable fields and annotated with {@link DeserializeConstructor}.
1427      * The descriptor for the class is still being initialized, so is passed the fields needed.
1428      * @param clazz The class to query
1429      * @param fields the serializable fields of the class
1430      * @return a MethodHandle, null if none found
1431      */
1432     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1433     private static MethodHandle getDeserializingValueCons(Class<?> clazz,
1434                                                           ObjectStreamField[] fields) {
1435         // Search for annotated static factory in methods or constructors
1436         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
1437         MethodHandle mh = Stream.concat(
1438                 Arrays.stream(clazz.getDeclaredMethods()).filter(m -> Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())),
1439                 Arrays.stream(clazz.getDeclaredConstructors()))
1440                 .filter(m -> m.isAnnotationPresent(DeserializeConstructor.class))
1441                 .map(m -> {
1442                     try {
1443                         m.setAccessible(true);
1444                         return (m instanceof Constructor<?> cons)
1445                                 ? lookup.unreflectConstructor(cons)
1446                                 : lookup.unreflect(((Method) m));
1447                     } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
1448                         throw new InternalError(iae);   // should not occur after setAccessible
1449                     }})
1450                 .filter(m -> matchFactoryParamTypes(clazz, m, fields))
1451                 .findFirst().orElse(null);
1452         return mh;
1453     }
1454 
1455     /**
1456      * Check that the parameters of the factory method match the fields of this class.
1457      *
1458      * @param mh a MethodHandle for a constructor or factory
1459      * @return true if all fields match the parameters, false if not
1460      */
1461     private static boolean matchFactoryParamTypes(Class<?> clazz,
1462                                                        MethodHandle mh,
1463                                                        ObjectStreamField[] fields) {
1464         var params = mh.type().parameterList();
1465         if (params.size() != fields.length) {
1466             return false;    // Mismatch in count of fields and parameters
1467         }
1468         for (ObjectStreamField field : fields) {
1469             int argIndex = field.getArgIndex();
1470             final Class<?> paramtype = params.get(argIndex);
1471             if (!field.getType().equals(paramtype)) {
1472                 return false;
1473             }
1474         }
1475         return true;
1476     }
1477 
1478     /**
1479      * Returns public no-arg constructor of given class, or null if none found.
1480      * Access checks are disabled on the returned constructor (if any), since
1481      * the defining class may still be non-public.
1482      */
1483     private static Constructor<?> getExternalizableConstructor(Class<?> cl) {
1484         try {
1485             Constructor<?> cons = cl.getDeclaredConstructor((Class<?>[]) null);
1486             cons.setAccessible(true);
1487             return ((cons.getModifiers() & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0) ?
1488                 cons : null;
1489         } catch (NoSuchMethodException | InaccessibleObjectException ex) {
1490             return null;
1491         }
1492     }
1493 
1494     /**
1495      * Returns subclass-accessible no-arg constructor of first non-serializable
1496      * superclass, or null if none found.  Access checks are disabled on the
1497      * returned constructor (if any).
1498      */
1499     private static Constructor<?> getSerializableConstructor(Class<?> cl) {
1500         return ReflectionFactory.getReflectionFactory().newConstructorForSerialization(cl);
1501     }
1502 
1503     /**
1504      * Returns the canonical constructor for the given record class, or null if
1505      * the not found ( which should never happen for correctly generated record
1506      * classes ).
1507      */
1508     private static MethodHandle canonicalRecordCtr(Class<?> cls) {
1509         assert cls.isRecord() : "Expected record, got: " + cls;
1510         Class<?>[] paramTypes = Arrays.stream(cls.getRecordComponents())
1511                                       .map(RecordComponent::getType)
1512                                       .toArray(Class<?>[]::new);
1513         try {
1514             Constructor<?> ctr = cls.getDeclaredConstructor(paramTypes);
1515             ctr.setAccessible(true);
1516             return MethodHandles.lookup().unreflectConstructor(ctr);
1517         } catch (IllegalAccessException | NoSuchMethodException e) {
1518             return null;
1519         }
1520     }
1521 
1522     /**
1523      * Returns the canonical constructor, if the local class equivalent of this
1524      * stream class descriptor is a record class, otherwise null.
1525      */
1526     MethodHandle getRecordConstructor() {
1527         return canonicalCtr;
1528     }
1529 
1530     /**
1531      * Returns non-static, non-abstract method with given signature provided it
1532      * is defined by or accessible (via inheritance) by the given class, or
1533      * null if no match found.  Access checks are disabled on the returned
1534      * method (if any).
1535      */
1536     private static Method getInheritableMethod(Class<?> cl, String name,
1537                                                Class<?>[] argTypes,
1538                                                Class<?> returnType)
1539     {
1540         Method meth = null;
1541         Class<?> defCl = cl;
1542         while (defCl != null) {
1543             try {
1544                 meth = defCl.getDeclaredMethod(name, argTypes);
1545                 break;
1546             } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
1547                 defCl = defCl.getSuperclass();
1548             }
1549         }
1550 
1551         if ((meth == null) || (meth.getReturnType() != returnType)) {
1552             return null;
1553         }
1554         meth.setAccessible(true);
1555         int mods = meth.getModifiers();
1556         if ((mods & (Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.ABSTRACT)) != 0) {
1557             return null;
1558         } else if ((mods & (Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PROTECTED)) != 0) {
1559             return meth;
1560         } else if ((mods & Modifier.PRIVATE) != 0) {
1561             return (cl == defCl) ? meth : null;
1562         } else {
1563             return packageEquals(cl, defCl) ? meth : null;
1564         }
1565     }
1566 
1567     /**
1568      * Returns non-static private method with given signature defined by given
1569      * class, or null if none found.  Access checks are disabled on the
1570      * returned method (if any).
1571      */
1572     private static Method getPrivateMethod(Class<?> cl, String name,
1573                                            Class<?>[] argTypes,
1574                                            Class<?> returnType)
1575     {
1576         try {
1577             Method meth = cl.getDeclaredMethod(name, argTypes);
1578             meth.setAccessible(true);
1579             int mods = meth.getModifiers();
1580             return ((meth.getReturnType() == returnType) &&
1581                     ((mods & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) &&
1582                     ((mods & Modifier.PRIVATE) != 0)) ? meth : null;
1583         } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
1584             return null;
1585         }
1586     }
1587 
1588     /**
1589      * Returns true if classes are defined in the same runtime package, false
1590      * otherwise.
1591      */
1592     private static boolean packageEquals(Class<?> cl1, Class<?> cl2) {
1593         return cl1.getClassLoader() == cl2.getClassLoader() &&
1594                 cl1.getPackageName() == cl2.getPackageName();
1595     }
1596 
1597     /**
1598      * Compares class names for equality, ignoring package names.  Returns true
1599      * if class names equal, false otherwise.
1600      */
1601     private static boolean classNamesEqual(String name1, String name2) {
1602         int idx1 = name1.lastIndexOf('.') + 1;
1603         int idx2 = name2.lastIndexOf('.') + 1;
1604         int len1 = name1.length() - idx1;
1605         int len2 = name2.length() - idx2;
1606         return len1 == len2 &&
1607                 name1.regionMatches(idx1, name2, idx2, len1);
1608     }
1609 
1610     /**
1611      * Returns JVM type signature for given list of parameters and return type.
1612      */
1613     private static String getMethodSignature(Class<?>[] paramTypes,
1614                                              Class<?> retType)
1615     {
1616         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1617         sb.append('(');
1618         for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
1619             sb.append(paramTypes[i].descriptorString());
1620         }
1621         sb.append(')');
1622         sb.append(retType.descriptorString());
1623         return sb.toString();
1624     }
1625 
1626     /**
1627      * Convenience method for throwing an exception that is either a
1628      * RuntimeException, Error, or of some unexpected type (in which case it is
1629      * wrapped inside an IOException).
1630      */
1631     private static void throwMiscException(Throwable th) throws IOException {
1632         if (th instanceof RuntimeException) {
1633             throw (RuntimeException) th;
1634         } else if (th instanceof Error) {
1635             throw (Error) th;
1636         } else {
1637             throw new IOException("unexpected exception type", th);
1638         }
1639     }
1640 
1641     /**
1642      * Returns ObjectStreamField array describing the serializable fields of
1643      * the given class.  Serializable fields backed by an actual field of the
1644      * class are represented by ObjectStreamFields with corresponding non-null
1645      * Field objects.  Throws InvalidClassException if the (explicitly
1646      * declared) serializable fields are invalid.
1647      */
1648     private static ObjectStreamField[] getSerialFields(Class<?> cl)
1649         throws InvalidClassException
1650     {
1651         if (!Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl))
1652             return NO_FIELDS;
1653 
1654         ObjectStreamField[] fields;
1655         if (cl.isRecord()) {
1656             fields = getDefaultSerialFields(cl);
1657             Arrays.sort(fields);
1658         } else if (!Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl) &&
1659             !Proxy.isProxyClass(cl) &&
1660                    !cl.isInterface()) {
1661             if ((fields = getDeclaredSerialFields(cl)) == null) {
1662                 fields = getDefaultSerialFields(cl);
1663             }
1664             Arrays.sort(fields);
1665         } else {
1666             fields = NO_FIELDS;
1667         }
1668         return fields;
1669     }
1670 
1671     /**
1672      * Returns serializable fields of given class as defined explicitly by a
1673      * "serialPersistentFields" field, or null if no appropriate
1674      * "serialPersistentFields" field is defined.  Serializable fields backed
1675      * by an actual field of the class are represented by ObjectStreamFields
1676      * with corresponding non-null Field objects.  For compatibility with past
1677      * releases, a "serialPersistentFields" field with a null value is
1678      * considered equivalent to not declaring "serialPersistentFields".  Throws
1679      * InvalidClassException if the declared serializable fields are
1680      * invalid--e.g., if multiple fields share the same name.
1681      */
1682     private static ObjectStreamField[] getDeclaredSerialFields(Class<?> cl)
1683         throws InvalidClassException
1684     {
1685         ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = null;
1686         try {
1687             Field f = cl.getDeclaredField("serialPersistentFields");
1688             int mask = Modifier.PRIVATE | Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL;
1689             if ((f.getModifiers() & mask) == mask) {
1690                 f.setAccessible(true);
1691                 serialPersistentFields = (ObjectStreamField[]) f.get(null);
1692             }
1693         } catch (Exception ex) {
1694         }
1695         if (serialPersistentFields == null) {
1696             return null;
1697         } else if (serialPersistentFields.length == 0) {
1698             return NO_FIELDS;
1699         }
1700 
1701         ObjectStreamField[] boundFields =
1702             new ObjectStreamField[serialPersistentFields.length];
1703         Set<String> fieldNames = HashSet.newHashSet(serialPersistentFields.length);
1704 
1705         for (int i = 0; i < serialPersistentFields.length; i++) {
1706             ObjectStreamField spf = serialPersistentFields[i];
1707 
1708             String fname = spf.getName();
1709             if (fieldNames.contains(fname)) {
1710                 throw new InvalidClassException(
1711                     "multiple serializable fields named " + fname);
1712             }
1713             fieldNames.add(fname);
1714 
1715             try {
1716                 Field f = cl.getDeclaredField(fname);
1717                 if ((f.getType() == spf.getType()) &&
1718                     ((f.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0))
1719                 {
1720                     boundFields[i] = new ObjectStreamField(f, spf.isUnshared(), true, i);
1721                 }
1722             } catch (NoSuchFieldException ex) {
1723             }
1724             if (boundFields[i] == null) {
1725                 boundFields[i] = new ObjectStreamField(fname, spf.getType(), spf.isUnshared(), i);
1726             }
1727         }
1728         return boundFields;
1729     }
1730 
1731     /**
1732      * Returns array of ObjectStreamFields corresponding to all non-static
1733      * non-transient fields declared by given class.  Each ObjectStreamField
1734      * contains a Field object for the field it represents.  If no default
1735      * serializable fields exist, NO_FIELDS is returned.
1736      */
1737     private static ObjectStreamField[] getDefaultSerialFields(Class<?> cl) {
1738         Field[] clFields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
1739         ArrayList<ObjectStreamField> list = new ArrayList<>();
1740         int mask = Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.TRANSIENT;
1741 
1742         for (int i = 0, argIndex = 0; i < clFields.length; i++) {
1743             if ((clFields[i].getModifiers() & mask) == 0) {
1744                 list.add(new ObjectStreamField(clFields[i], false, true, argIndex++));
1745             }
1746         }
1747         int size = list.size();
1748         return (size == 0) ? NO_FIELDS :
1749             list.toArray(new ObjectStreamField[size]);
1750     }
1751 
1752     /**
1753      * Returns explicit serial version UID value declared by given class, or
1754      * null if none.
1755      */
1756     private static Long getDeclaredSUID(Class<?> cl) {
1757         try {
1758             Field f = cl.getDeclaredField("serialVersionUID");
1759             int mask = Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL;
1760             if ((f.getModifiers() & mask) == mask) {
1761                 f.setAccessible(true);
1762                 return f.getLong(null);
1763             }
1764         } catch (Exception ex) {
1765         }
1766         return null;
1767     }
1768 
1769     /**
1770      * Computes the default serial version UID value for the given class.
1771      */
1772     private static long computeDefaultSUID(Class<?> cl) {
1773         if (!Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl) || Proxy.isProxyClass(cl))
1774         {
1775             return 0L;
1776         }
1777 
1778         try {
1779             ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
1780             DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout);
1781 
1782             dout.writeUTF(cl.getName());
1783 
1784             int classMods = cl.getModifiers() &
1785                 (Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL |
1786                  Modifier.INTERFACE | Modifier.ABSTRACT);
1787 
1788             /*
1789              * compensate for javac bug in which ABSTRACT bit was set for an
1790              * interface only if the interface declared methods
1791              */
1792             Method[] methods = cl.getDeclaredMethods();
1793             if ((classMods & Modifier.INTERFACE) != 0) {
1794                 classMods = (methods.length > 0) ?
1795                     (classMods | Modifier.ABSTRACT) :
1796                     (classMods & ~Modifier.ABSTRACT);
1797             }
1798             dout.writeInt(classMods);
1799 
1800             if (!cl.isArray()) {
1801                 /*
1802                  * compensate for change in 1.2FCS in which
1803                  * Class.getInterfaces() was modified to return Cloneable and
1804                  * Serializable for array classes.
1805                  */
1806                 Class<?>[] interfaces = cl.getInterfaces();
1807                 String[] ifaceNames = new String[interfaces.length];
1808                 for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
1809                     ifaceNames[i] = interfaces[i].getName();
1810                 }
1811                 Arrays.sort(ifaceNames);
1812                 for (int i = 0; i < ifaceNames.length; i++) {
1813                     dout.writeUTF(ifaceNames[i]);
1814                 }
1815             }
1816 
1817             Field[] fields = cl.getDeclaredFields();
1818             MemberSignature[] fieldSigs = new MemberSignature[fields.length];
1819             for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
1820                 fieldSigs[i] = new MemberSignature(fields[i]);
1821             }
1822             Arrays.sort(fieldSigs, new Comparator<>() {
1823                 public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
1824                     return ms1.name.compareTo(ms2.name);
1825                 }
1826             });
1827             for (int i = 0; i < fieldSigs.length; i++) {
1828                 MemberSignature sig = fieldSigs[i];
1829                 int mods = sig.member.getModifiers() &
1830                     (Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PRIVATE | Modifier.PROTECTED |
1831                      Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.VOLATILE |
1832                      Modifier.TRANSIENT);
1833                 if (((mods & Modifier.PRIVATE) == 0) ||
1834                     ((mods & (Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.TRANSIENT)) == 0))
1835                 {
1836                     dout.writeUTF(sig.name);
1837                     dout.writeInt(mods);
1838                     dout.writeUTF(sig.signature);
1839                 }
1840             }
1841 
1842             if (hasStaticInitializer(cl)) {
1843                 dout.writeUTF("<clinit>");
1844                 dout.writeInt(Modifier.STATIC);
1845                 dout.writeUTF("()V");
1846             }
1847 
1848             Constructor<?>[] cons = cl.getDeclaredConstructors();
1849             MemberSignature[] consSigs = new MemberSignature[cons.length];
1850             for (int i = 0; i < cons.length; i++) {
1851                 consSigs[i] = new MemberSignature(cons[i]);
1852             }
1853             Arrays.sort(consSigs, new Comparator<>() {
1854                 public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
1855                     return ms1.signature.compareTo(ms2.signature);
1856                 }
1857             });
1858             for (int i = 0; i < consSigs.length; i++) {
1859                 MemberSignature sig = consSigs[i];
1860                 int mods = sig.member.getModifiers() &
1861                     (Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PRIVATE | Modifier.PROTECTED |
1862                      Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL |
1863                      Modifier.SYNCHRONIZED | Modifier.NATIVE |
1864                      Modifier.ABSTRACT | Modifier.STRICT);
1865                 if ((mods & Modifier.PRIVATE) == 0) {
1866                     dout.writeUTF("<init>");
1867                     dout.writeInt(mods);
1868                     dout.writeUTF(sig.signature.replace('/', '.'));
1869                 }
1870             }
1871 
1872             MemberSignature[] methSigs = new MemberSignature[methods.length];
1873             for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
1874                 methSigs[i] = new MemberSignature(methods[i]);
1875             }
1876             Arrays.sort(methSigs, new Comparator<>() {
1877                 public int compare(MemberSignature ms1, MemberSignature ms2) {
1878                     int comp = ms1.name.compareTo(ms2.name);
1879                     if (comp == 0) {
1880                         comp = ms1.signature.compareTo(ms2.signature);
1881                     }
1882                     return comp;
1883                 }
1884             });
1885             for (int i = 0; i < methSigs.length; i++) {
1886                 MemberSignature sig = methSigs[i];
1887                 int mods = sig.member.getModifiers() &
1888                     (Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PRIVATE | Modifier.PROTECTED |
1889                      Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL |
1890                      Modifier.SYNCHRONIZED | Modifier.NATIVE |
1891                      Modifier.ABSTRACT | Modifier.STRICT);
1892                 if ((mods & Modifier.PRIVATE) == 0) {
1893                     dout.writeUTF(sig.name);
1894                     dout.writeInt(mods);
1895                     dout.writeUTF(sig.signature.replace('/', '.'));
1896                 }
1897             }
1898 
1899             dout.flush();
1900 
1901             MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA");
1902             byte[] hashBytes = md.digest(bout.toByteArray());
1903             long hash = 0;
1904             for (int i = Math.min(hashBytes.length, 8) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1905                 hash = (hash << 8) | (hashBytes[i] & 0xFF);
1906             }
1907             return hash;
1908         } catch (IOException ex) {
1909             throw new InternalError(ex);
1910         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
1911             throw new SecurityException(ex.getMessage());
1912         }
1913     }
1914 
1915     /**
1916      * Returns true if the given class defines a static initializer method,
1917      * false otherwise.
1918      */
1919     private static native boolean hasStaticInitializer(Class<?> cl);
1920 
1921     /**
1922      * Class for computing and caching field/constructor/method signatures
1923      * during serialVersionUID calculation.
1924      */
1925     private static final class MemberSignature {
1926 
1927         public final Member member;
1928         public final String name;
1929         public final String signature;
1930 
1931         public MemberSignature(Field field) {
1932             member = field;
1933             name = field.getName();
1934             signature = field.getType().descriptorString();
1935         }
1936 
1937         public MemberSignature(Constructor<?> cons) {
1938             member = cons;
1939             name = cons.getName();
1940             signature = getMethodSignature(
1941                 cons.getParameterTypes(), Void.TYPE);
1942         }
1943 
1944         public MemberSignature(Method meth) {
1945             member = meth;
1946             name = meth.getName();
1947             signature = getMethodSignature(
1948                 meth.getParameterTypes(), meth.getReturnType());
1949         }
1950     }
1951 
1952     /**
1953      * Class for setting and retrieving serializable field values in batch.
1954      */
1955     // REMIND: dynamically generate these?
1956     private static final class FieldReflector {
1957 
1958         /** handle for performing unsafe operations */
1959         private static final Unsafe UNSAFE = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
1960 
1961         /** fields to operate on */
1962         private final ObjectStreamField[] fields;
1963         /** number of primitive fields */
1964         private final int numPrimFields;
1965         /** unsafe field keys for reading fields - may contain dupes */
1966         private final long[] readKeys;
1967         /** unsafe fields keys for writing fields - no dupes */
1968         private final long[] writeKeys;
1969         /** field data offsets */
1970         private final int[] offsets;
1971         /** field layouts */
1972         private final int[] layouts;
1973         /** field type codes */
1974         private final char[] typeCodes;
1975         /** field types */
1976         private final Class<?>[] types;
1977 
1978         /**
1979          * Constructs FieldReflector capable of setting/getting values from the
1980          * subset of fields whose ObjectStreamFields contain non-null
1981          * reflective Field objects.  ObjectStreamFields with null Fields are
1982          * treated as filler, for which get operations return default values
1983          * and set operations discard given values.
1984          */
1985         FieldReflector(ObjectStreamField[] fields) {
1986             this.fields = fields;
1987             int nfields = fields.length;
1988             readKeys = new long[nfields];
1989             writeKeys = new long[nfields];
1990             offsets = new int[nfields];
1991             layouts = new int[nfields];
1992             typeCodes = new char[nfields];
1993             ArrayList<Class<?>> typeList = new ArrayList<>();
1994             Set<Long> usedKeys = new HashSet<>();
1995 
1996 
1997             for (int i = 0; i < nfields; i++) {
1998                 ObjectStreamField f = fields[i];
1999                 Field rf = f.getField();
2000                 long key = (rf != null) ?
2001                     UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(rf) : Unsafe.INVALID_FIELD_OFFSET;
2002                 readKeys[i] = key;
2003                 writeKeys[i] = usedKeys.add(key) ?
2004                     key : Unsafe.INVALID_FIELD_OFFSET;
2005                 offsets[i] = f.getOffset();
2006                 layouts[i] = rf != null ? UNSAFE.fieldLayout(rf) : 0;
2007                 typeCodes[i] = f.getTypeCode();
2008                 if (!f.isPrimitive()) {
2009                     typeList.add((rf != null) ? rf.getType() : null);
2010                 }
2011             }
2012 
2013             types = typeList.toArray(new Class<?>[typeList.size()]);
2014             numPrimFields = nfields - types.length;
2015         }
2016 
2017         /**
2018          * Returns list of ObjectStreamFields representing fields operated on
2019          * by this reflector.  The shared/unshared values and Field objects
2020          * contained by ObjectStreamFields in the list reflect their bindings
2021          * to locally defined serializable fields.
2022          */
2023         ObjectStreamField[] getFields() {
2024             return fields;
2025         }
2026 
2027         /**
2028          * Fetches the serializable primitive field values of object obj and
2029          * marshals them into byte array buf starting at offset 0.  The caller
2030          * is responsible for ensuring that obj is of the proper type.
2031          */
2032         void getPrimFieldValues(Object obj, byte[] buf) {
2033             if (obj == null) {
2034                 throw new NullPointerException();
2035             }
2036             /* assuming checkDefaultSerialize() has been called on the class
2037              * descriptor this FieldReflector was obtained from, no field keys
2038              * in array should be equal to Unsafe.INVALID_FIELD_OFFSET.
2039              */
2040             for (int i = 0; i < numPrimFields; i++) {
2041                 long key = readKeys[i];
2042                 int off = offsets[i];
2043                 switch (typeCodes[i]) {
2044                     case 'Z' -> ByteArray.setBoolean(buf, off, UNSAFE.getBoolean(obj, key));
2045                     case 'B' -> buf[off] = UNSAFE.getByte(obj, key);
2046                     case 'C' -> ByteArray.setChar(buf, off, UNSAFE.getChar(obj, key));
2047                     case 'S' -> ByteArray.setShort(buf, off, UNSAFE.getShort(obj, key));
2048                     case 'I' -> ByteArray.setInt(buf, off, UNSAFE.getInt(obj, key));
2049                     case 'F' -> ByteArray.setFloat(buf, off, UNSAFE.getFloat(obj, key));
2050                     case 'J' -> ByteArray.setLong(buf, off, UNSAFE.getLong(obj, key));
2051                     case 'D' -> ByteArray.setDouble(buf, off, UNSAFE.getDouble(obj, key));
2052                     default  -> throw new InternalError();
2053                 }
2054             }
2055         }
2056 
2057         /**
2058          * Sets the serializable primitive fields of object obj using values
2059          * unmarshalled from byte array buf starting at offset 0.  The caller
2060          * is responsible for ensuring that obj is of the proper type.
2061          */
2062         void setPrimFieldValues(Object obj, byte[] buf) {
2063             if (obj == null) {
2064                 throw new NullPointerException();
2065             }
2066             for (int i = 0; i < numPrimFields; i++) {
2067                 long key = writeKeys[i];
2068                 if (key == Unsafe.INVALID_FIELD_OFFSET) {
2069                     continue;           // discard value
2070                 }
2071                 int off = offsets[i];
2072                 switch (typeCodes[i]) {
2073                     case 'Z' -> UNSAFE.putBoolean(obj, key, ByteArray.getBoolean(buf, off));
2074                     case 'B' -> UNSAFE.putByte(obj, key, buf[off]);
2075                     case 'C' -> UNSAFE.putChar(obj, key, ByteArray.getChar(buf, off));
2076                     case 'S' -> UNSAFE.putShort(obj, key, ByteArray.getShort(buf, off));
2077                     case 'I' -> UNSAFE.putInt(obj, key, ByteArray.getInt(buf, off));
2078                     case 'F' -> UNSAFE.putFloat(obj, key, ByteArray.getFloat(buf, off));
2079                     case 'J' -> UNSAFE.putLong(obj, key, ByteArray.getLong(buf, off));
2080                     case 'D' -> UNSAFE.putDouble(obj, key, ByteArray.getDouble(buf, off));
2081                     default  -> throw new InternalError();
2082                 }
2083             }
2084         }
2085 
2086         /**
2087          * Fetches the serializable object field values of object obj and
2088          * stores them in array vals starting at offset 0.  The caller is
2089          * responsible for ensuring that obj is of the proper type.
2090          */
2091         void getObjFieldValues(Object obj, Object[] vals) {
2092             if (obj == null) {
2093                 throw new NullPointerException();
2094             }
2095             /* assuming checkDefaultSerialize() has been called on the class
2096              * descriptor this FieldReflector was obtained from, no field keys
2097              * in array should be equal to Unsafe.INVALID_FIELD_OFFSET.
2098              */
2099             for (int i = numPrimFields; i < fields.length; i++) {
2100                 Field f = fields[i].getField();
2101                 vals[offsets[i]] = switch (typeCodes[i]) {
2102                     case 'L', '[' ->
2103                             layouts[i] != 0
2104                                     ? UNSAFE.getFlatValue(obj, readKeys[i], layouts[i], f.getType())
2105                                     : UNSAFE.getReference(obj, readKeys[i]);
2106                     default       -> throw new InternalError();
2107                 };
2108             }
2109         }
2110 
2111         /**
2112          * Checks that the given values, from array vals starting at offset 0,
2113          * are assignable to the given serializable object fields.
2114          * @throws ClassCastException if any value is not assignable
2115          */
2116         void checkObjectFieldValueTypes(Object obj, Object[] vals) {
2117             setObjFieldValues(obj, vals, true);
2118         }
2119 
2120         /**
2121          * Sets the serializable object fields of object obj using values from
2122          * array vals starting at offset 0.  The caller is responsible for
2123          * ensuring that obj is of the proper type; however, attempts to set a
2124          * field with a value of the wrong type will trigger an appropriate
2125          * ClassCastException.
2126          */
2127         void setObjFieldValues(Object obj, Object[] vals) {
2128             setObjFieldValues(obj, vals, false);
2129         }
2130 
2131         private void setObjFieldValues(Object obj, Object[] vals, boolean dryRun) {
2132             if (obj == null && !dryRun) {
2133                 throw new NullPointerException();
2134             }
2135             for (int i = numPrimFields; i < fields.length; i++) {
2136                 long key = writeKeys[i];
2137                 if (key == Unsafe.INVALID_FIELD_OFFSET) {
2138                     continue;           // discard value
2139                 }
2140                 switch (typeCodes[i]) {
2141                     case 'L', '[' -> {
2142                         Field f = fields[i].getField();
2143                         Object val = vals[offsets[i]];
2144                         if (val != null &&
2145                             !types[i - numPrimFields].isInstance(val))
2146                         {
2147                             throw new ClassCastException(
2148                                 "cannot assign instance of " +
2149                                 val.getClass().getName() + " to field " +
2150                                 f.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." +
2151                                 f.getName() + " of type " +
2152                                 f.getType().getName() + " in instance of " +
2153                                 obj.getClass().getName());
2154                         }
2155                         if (!dryRun) {
2156                             if (layouts[i] != 0) {
2157                                 UNSAFE.putFlatValue(obj, key, layouts[i], f.getType(), val);
2158                             } else {
2159                                 UNSAFE.putReference(obj, key, val);
2160                             }
2161                         }
2162                     }
2163                     default -> throw new InternalError();
2164                 }
2165             }
2166         }
2167     }
2168 
2169     /**
2170      * Matches given set of serializable fields with serializable fields
2171      * described by the given local class descriptor, and returns a
2172      * FieldReflector instance capable of setting/getting values from the
2173      * subset of fields that match (non-matching fields are treated as filler,
2174      * for which get operations return default values and set operations
2175      * discard given values).  Throws InvalidClassException if unresolvable
2176      * type conflicts exist between the two sets of fields.
2177      */
2178     private static FieldReflector getReflector(ObjectStreamField[] fields,
2179                                                ObjectStreamClass localDesc)
2180         throws InvalidClassException
2181     {
2182         // class irrelevant if no fields
2183         Class<?> cl = (localDesc != null && fields.length > 0) ?
2184             localDesc.cl : Void.class;
2185 
2186         var clReflectors = Caches.reflectors.get(cl);
2187         var key = new FieldReflectorKey(fields);
2188         var reflector = clReflectors.get(key);
2189         if (reflector == null) {
2190             reflector = new FieldReflector(matchFields(fields, localDesc));
2191             var oldReflector = clReflectors.putIfAbsent(key, reflector);
2192             if (oldReflector != null) {
2193                 reflector = oldReflector;
2194             }
2195         }
2196         return reflector;
2197     }
2198 
2199     /**
2200      * FieldReflector cache lookup key.  Keys are considered equal if they
2201      * refer to equivalent field formats.
2202      */
2203     private static class FieldReflectorKey {
2204 
2205         private final String[] sigs;
2206         private final int hash;
2207 
2208         FieldReflectorKey(ObjectStreamField[] fields)
2209         {
2210             sigs = new String[2 * fields.length];
2211             for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
2212                 ObjectStreamField f = fields[i];
2213                 sigs[j++] = f.getName();
2214                 sigs[j++] = f.getSignature();
2215             }
2216             hash = Arrays.hashCode(sigs);
2217         }
2218 
2219         public int hashCode() {
2220             return hash;
2221         }
2222 
2223         public boolean equals(Object obj) {
2224             return obj == this ||
2225                    obj instanceof FieldReflectorKey other &&
2226                    Arrays.equals(sigs, other.sigs);
2227         }
2228     }
2229 
2230     /**
2231      * Matches given set of serializable fields with serializable fields
2232      * obtained from the given local class descriptor (which contain bindings
2233      * to reflective Field objects).  Returns list of ObjectStreamFields in
2234      * which each ObjectStreamField whose signature matches that of a local
2235      * field contains a Field object for that field; unmatched
2236      * ObjectStreamFields contain null Field objects.  Shared/unshared settings
2237      * of the returned ObjectStreamFields also reflect those of matched local
2238      * ObjectStreamFields.  Throws InvalidClassException if unresolvable type
2239      * conflicts exist between the two sets of fields.
2240      */
2241     private static ObjectStreamField[] matchFields(ObjectStreamField[] fields,
2242                                                    ObjectStreamClass localDesc)
2243         throws InvalidClassException
2244     {
2245         ObjectStreamField[] localFields = (localDesc != null) ?
2246             localDesc.fields : NO_FIELDS;
2247 
2248         /*
2249          * Even if fields == localFields, we cannot simply return localFields
2250          * here.  In previous implementations of serialization,
2251          * ObjectStreamField.getType() returned Object.class if the
2252          * ObjectStreamField represented a non-primitive field and belonged to
2253          * a non-local class descriptor.  To preserve this (questionable)
2254          * behavior, the ObjectStreamField instances returned by matchFields
2255          * cannot report non-primitive types other than Object.class; hence
2256          * localFields cannot be returned directly.
2257          */
2258 
2259         ObjectStreamField[] matches = new ObjectStreamField[fields.length];
2260         for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
2261             ObjectStreamField f = fields[i], m = null;
2262             for (int j = 0; j < localFields.length; j++) {
2263                 ObjectStreamField lf = localFields[j];
2264                 if (f.getName().equals(lf.getName())) {
2265                     if ((f.isPrimitive() || lf.isPrimitive()) &&
2266                         f.getTypeCode() != lf.getTypeCode())
2267                     {
2268                         throw new InvalidClassException(localDesc.name,
2269                             "incompatible types for field " + f.getName());
2270                     }
2271                     if (lf.getField() != null) {
2272                         m = new ObjectStreamField(
2273                             lf.getField(), lf.isUnshared(), true, lf.getArgIndex()); // Don't hide type
2274                     } else {
2275                         m = new ObjectStreamField(
2276                             lf.getName(), lf.getSignature(), lf.isUnshared(), lf.getArgIndex());
2277                     }
2278                 }
2279             }
2280             if (m == null) {
2281                 m = new ObjectStreamField(
2282                     f.getName(), f.getSignature(), false, -1);
2283             }
2284             m.setOffset(f.getOffset());
2285             matches[i] = m;
2286         }
2287         return matches;
2288     }
2289 
2290     /**
2291      * A LRA cache of record deserialization constructors.
2292      */
2293     @SuppressWarnings("serial")
2294     private static final class DeserializationConstructorsCache
2295         extends ConcurrentHashMap<DeserializationConstructorsCache.Key, MethodHandle>  {
2296 
2297         // keep max. 10 cached entries - when the 11th element is inserted the oldest
2298         // is removed and 10 remains - 11 is the biggest map size where internal
2299         // table of 16 elements is sufficient (inserting 12th element would resize it to 32)
2300         private static final int MAX_SIZE = 10;
2301         private Key.Impl first, last; // first and last in FIFO queue
2302 
2303         DeserializationConstructorsCache() {
2304             // start small - if there is more than one shape of ObjectStreamClass
2305             // deserialized, there will typically be two (current version and previous version)
2306             super(2);
2307         }
2308 
2309         MethodHandle get(ObjectStreamField[] fields) {
2310             return get(new Key.Lookup(fields));
2311         }
2312 
2313         synchronized MethodHandle putIfAbsentAndGet(ObjectStreamField[] fields, MethodHandle mh) {
2314             Key.Impl key = new Key.Impl(fields);
2315             var oldMh = putIfAbsent(key, mh);
2316             if (oldMh != null) return oldMh;
2317             // else we did insert new entry -> link the new key as last
2318             if (last == null) {
2319                 last = first = key;
2320             } else {
2321                 last = (last.next = key);
2322             }
2323             // may need to remove first
2324             if (size() > MAX_SIZE) {
2325                 assert first != null;
2326                 remove(first);
2327                 first = first.next;
2328                 if (first == null) {
2329                     last = null;
2330                 }
2331             }
2332             return mh;
2333         }
2334 
2335         // a key composed of ObjectStreamField[] names and types
2336         abstract static class Key {
2337             abstract int length();
2338             abstract String fieldName(int i);
2339             abstract Class<?> fieldType(int i);
2340 
2341             @Override
2342             public final int hashCode() {
2343                 int n = length();
2344                 int h = 0;
2345                 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) h = h * 31 + fieldType(i).hashCode();
2346                 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) h = h * 31 + fieldName(i).hashCode();
2347                 return h;
2348             }
2349 
2350             @Override
2351             public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
2352                 if (!(obj instanceof Key other)) return false;
2353                 int n = length();
2354                 if (n != other.length()) return false;
2355                 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (fieldType(i) != other.fieldType(i)) return false;
2356                 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) if (!fieldName(i).equals(other.fieldName(i))) return false;
2357                 return true;
2358             }
2359 
2360             // lookup key - just wraps ObjectStreamField[]
2361             static final class Lookup extends Key {
2362                 final ObjectStreamField[] fields;
2363 
2364                 Lookup(ObjectStreamField[] fields) { this.fields = fields; }
2365 
2366                 @Override
2367                 int length() { return fields.length; }
2368 
2369                 @Override
2370                 String fieldName(int i) { return fields[i].getName(); }
2371 
2372                 @Override
2373                 Class<?> fieldType(int i) { return fields[i].getType(); }
2374             }
2375 
2376             // real key - copies field names and types and forms FIFO queue in cache
2377             static final class Impl extends Key {
2378                 Impl next;
2379                 final String[] fieldNames;
2380                 final Class<?>[] fieldTypes;
2381 
2382                 Impl(ObjectStreamField[] fields) {
2383                     this.fieldNames = new String[fields.length];
2384                     this.fieldTypes = new Class<?>[fields.length];
2385                     for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
2386                         fieldNames[i] = fields[i].getName();
2387                         fieldTypes[i] = fields[i].getType();
2388                     }
2389                 }
2390 
2391                 @Override
2392                 int length() { return fieldNames.length; }
2393 
2394                 @Override
2395                 String fieldName(int i) { return fieldNames[i]; }
2396 
2397                 @Override
2398                 Class<?> fieldType(int i) { return fieldTypes[i]; }
2399             }
2400         }
2401     }
2402 
2403     /** Record specific support for retrieving and binding stream field values. */
2404     static final class ConstructorSupport {
2405         /**
2406          * Returns canonical record constructor adapted to take two arguments:
2407          * {@code (byte[] primValues, Object[] objValues)}
2408          * and return
2409          * {@code Object}
2410          */
2411         static MethodHandle deserializationCtr(ObjectStreamClass desc) {
2412             // check the cached value 1st
2413             MethodHandle mh = desc.deserializationCtr;
2414             if (mh != null) return mh;
2415             mh = desc.deserializationCtrs.get(desc.getFields(false));
2416             if (mh != null) return desc.deserializationCtr = mh;
2417 
2418             // retrieve record components
2419             RecordComponent[] recordComponents = desc.forClass().getRecordComponents();
2420 
2421             // retrieve the canonical constructor
2422             // (T1, T2, ..., Tn):TR
2423             mh = desc.getRecordConstructor();
2424 
2425             // change return type to Object
2426             // (T1, T2, ..., Tn):TR -> (T1, T2, ..., Tn):Object
2427             mh = mh.asType(mh.type().changeReturnType(Object.class));
2428 
2429             // drop last 2 arguments representing primValues and objValues arrays
2430             // (T1, T2, ..., Tn):Object -> (T1, T2, ..., Tn, byte[], Object[]):Object
2431             mh = MethodHandles.dropArguments(mh, mh.type().parameterCount(), byte[].class, Object[].class);
2432 
2433             for (int i = recordComponents.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
2434                 String name = recordComponents[i].getName();
2435                 Class<?> type = recordComponents[i].getType();
2436                 // obtain stream field extractor that extracts argument at
2437                 // position i (Ti+1) from primValues and objValues arrays
2438                 // (byte[], Object[]):Ti+1
2439                 MethodHandle combiner = streamFieldExtractor(name, type, desc);
2440                 // fold byte[] privValues and Object[] objValues into argument at position i (Ti+1)
2441                 // (..., Ti, Ti+1, byte[], Object[]):Object -> (..., Ti, byte[], Object[]):Object
2442                 mh = MethodHandles.foldArguments(mh, i, combiner);
2443             }
2444             // what we are left with is a MethodHandle taking just the primValues
2445             // and objValues arrays and returning the constructed record instance
2446             // (byte[], Object[]):Object
2447 
2448             // store it into cache and return the 1st value stored
2449             return desc.deserializationCtr =
2450                 desc.deserializationCtrs.putIfAbsentAndGet(desc.getFields(false), mh);
2451         }
2452 
2453         /**
2454          * Returns value object constructor adapted to take two arguments:
2455          * {@code (byte[] primValues, Object[] objValues)} and return {@code Object}
2456          */
2457         static MethodHandle deserializationValueCons(ObjectStreamClass desc) {
2458             // check the cached value 1st
2459             MethodHandle mh = desc.deserializationCtr;
2460             if (mh != null) return mh;
2461             mh = desc.deserializationCtrs.get(desc.getFields(false));
2462             if (mh != null) return desc.deserializationCtr = mh;
2463 
2464             // retrieve the selected constructor
2465             // (T1, T2, ..., Tn):TR
2466             ObjectStreamClass localDesc = desc.localDesc;
2467             mh = localDesc.canonicalCtr;
2468             MethodType mt = mh.type();
2469 
2470             // change return type to Object
2471             // (T1, T2, ..., Tn):TR -> (T1, T2, ..., Tn):Object
2472             mh = mh.asType(mh.type().changeReturnType(Object.class));
2473 
2474             // drop last 2 arguments representing primValues and objValues arrays
2475             // (T1, T2, ..., Tn):Object -> (T1, T2, ..., Tn, byte[], Object[]):Object
2476             mh = MethodHandles.dropArguments(mh, mh.type().parameterCount(), byte[].class, Object[].class);
2477 
2478             Class<?>[] params = mt.parameterArray();
2479             for (int i = params.length-1; i >= 0; i--) {
2480                 // Get the name from the local descriptor matching the argIndex
2481                 var field = getFieldForArgIndex(localDesc, i);
2482                 String name = (field == null) ? "" : field.getName();   // empty string to supply default
2483                 Class<?> type = params[i];
2484                 // obtain stream field extractor that extracts argument at
2485                 // position i (Ti+1) from primValues and objValues arrays
2486                 // (byte[], Object[]):Ti+1
2487                 MethodHandle combiner = streamFieldExtractor(name, type, desc);
2488                 // fold byte[] privValues and Object[] objValues into argument at position i (Ti+1)
2489                 // (..., Ti, Ti+1, byte[], Object[]):Object -> (..., Ti, byte[], Object[]):Object
2490                 mh = MethodHandles.foldArguments(mh, i, combiner);
2491             }
2492             // what we are left with is a MethodHandle taking just the primValues
2493             // and objValues arrays and returning the constructed instance
2494             // (byte[], Object[]):Object
2495 
2496             // store it into cache and return the 1st value stored
2497             return desc.deserializationCtr =
2498                 desc.deserializationCtrs.putIfAbsentAndGet(desc.getFields(false), mh);
2499         }
2500 
2501         // Find the ObjectStreamField for the argument index, otherwise null
2502         private static ObjectStreamField getFieldForArgIndex(ObjectStreamClass desc, int argIndex) {
2503             for (var field : desc.fields) {
2504                 if (field.getArgIndex() == argIndex)
2505                     return field;
2506             }
2507             return null;
2508         }
2509 
2510         /** Returns the number of primitive fields for the given descriptor. */
2511         private static int numberPrimValues(ObjectStreamClass desc) {
2512             ObjectStreamField[] fields = desc.getFields();
2513             int primValueCount = 0;
2514             for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
2515                 if (fields[i].isPrimitive())
2516                     primValueCount++;
2517                 else
2518                     break;  // can be no more
2519             }
2520             return primValueCount;
2521         }
2522 
2523         /**
2524          * Returns extractor MethodHandle taking the primValues and objValues arrays
2525          * and extracting the argument of canonical constructor with given name and type
2526          * or producing  default value for the given type if the field is absent.
2527          */
2528         private static MethodHandle streamFieldExtractor(String pName,
2529                                                          Class<?> pType,
2530                                                          ObjectStreamClass desc) {
2531             ObjectStreamField[] fields = desc.getFields(false);
2532 
2533             for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
2534                 ObjectStreamField f = fields[i];
2535                 String fName = f.getName();
2536                 if (!fName.equals(pName))
2537                     continue;
2538 
2539                 Class<?> fType = f.getField().getType();
2540                 if (!pType.isAssignableFrom(fType))
2541                     throw new InternalError(fName + " unassignable, pType:" + pType + ", fType:" + fType);
2542 
2543                 if (f.isPrimitive()) {
2544                     // (byte[], int):fType
2545                     MethodHandle mh = PRIM_VALUE_EXTRACTORS.get(fType);
2546                     if (mh == null) {
2547                         throw new InternalError("Unexpected type: " + fType);
2548                     }
2549                     // bind offset
2550                     // (byte[], int):fType -> (byte[]):fType
2551                     mh = MethodHandles.insertArguments(mh, 1, f.getOffset());
2552                     // drop objValues argument
2553                     // (byte[]):fType -> (byte[], Object[]):fType
2554                     mh = MethodHandles.dropArguments(mh, 1, Object[].class);
2555                     // adapt return type to pType
2556                     // (byte[], Object[]):fType -> (byte[], Object[]):pType
2557                     if (pType != fType) {
2558                         mh = mh.asType(mh.type().changeReturnType(pType));
2559                     }
2560                     return mh;
2561                 } else { // reference
2562                     // (Object[], int):Object
2563                     MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.arrayElementGetter(Object[].class);
2564                     // bind index
2565                     // (Object[], int):Object -> (Object[]):Object
2566                     mh = MethodHandles.insertArguments(mh, 1, i - numberPrimValues(desc));
2567                     // drop primValues argument
2568                     // (Object[]):Object -> (byte[], Object[]):Object
2569                     mh = MethodHandles.dropArguments(mh, 0, byte[].class);
2570                     // adapt return type to pType
2571                     // (byte[], Object[]):Object -> (byte[], Object[]):pType
2572                     if (pType != Object.class) {
2573                         mh = mh.asType(mh.type().changeReturnType(pType));
2574                     }
2575                     return mh;
2576                 }
2577             }
2578 
2579             // return default value extractor if no field matches pName
2580             return MethodHandles.empty(MethodType.methodType(pType, byte[].class, Object[].class));
2581         }
2582 
2583         private static final Map<Class<?>, MethodHandle> PRIM_VALUE_EXTRACTORS;
2584         static {
2585             var lkp = MethodHandles.lookup();
2586             try {
2587                 PRIM_VALUE_EXTRACTORS = Map.of(
2588                     byte.class, MethodHandles.arrayElementGetter(byte[].class),
2589                     short.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getShort", MethodType.methodType(short.class, byte[].class, int.class)),
2590                     int.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getInt", MethodType.methodType(int.class, byte[].class, int.class)),
2591                     long.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getLong", MethodType.methodType(long.class, byte[].class, int.class)),
2592                     float.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getFloat", MethodType.methodType(float.class, byte[].class, int.class)),
2593                     double.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getDouble", MethodType.methodType(double.class, byte[].class, int.class)),
2594                     char.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getChar", MethodType.methodType(char.class, byte[].class, int.class)),
2595                     boolean.class, lkp.findStatic(ByteArray.class, "getBoolean", MethodType.methodType(boolean.class, byte[].class, int.class))
2596                 );
2597             } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException e) {
2598                 throw new InternalError("Can't lookup " + ByteArray.class.getName() + ".getXXX", e);
2599             }
2600         }
2601     }
2602 }