1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.lang;
27
28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
29 import java.lang.constant.ClassDesc;
30 import java.lang.constant.ConstantDescs;
31 import java.lang.invoke.TypeDescriptor;
32 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
33 import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
34 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
35 import java.io.IOException;
36 import java.io.InputStream;
37 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
38 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
39 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
40 import java.lang.reflect.AccessFlag;
41 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
42 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
43 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
44 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
45 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
46 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
47 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
48 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
49 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
50 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
51 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
52 import java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent;
53 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
54 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
55 import java.lang.constant.Constable;
56 import java.net.URL;
57 import java.security.AccessController;
58 import java.security.Permissions;
59 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
60 import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
61 import java.util.ArrayList;
62 import java.util.Arrays;
63 import java.util.Collection;
64 import java.util.HashMap;
65 import java.util.HashSet;
66 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
67 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
68 import java.util.List;
69 import java.util.Map;
70 import java.util.Objects;
71 import java.util.Optional;
72 import java.util.Set;
73 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
74
75 import jdk.internal.constant.ConstantUtils;
76 import jdk.internal.javac.PreviewFeature;
77 import jdk.internal.loader.BootLoader;
78 import jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader;
79 import jdk.internal.misc.PreviewFeatures;
80 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
81 import jdk.internal.module.Resources;
82 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
83 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitiveAdapter;
84 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool;
85 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
86 import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
87 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
88 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.IntrinsicCandidate;
89 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.Stable;
90
91 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
92 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
93 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
94 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
95 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
96 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
97 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
98 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
99 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
100 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
101
102 /**
103 * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
104 * interfaces in a running Java application. An enum class and a record
105 * class are kinds of class; an annotation interface is a kind of
106 * interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as
107 * a {@code Class} object that is shared by all arrays with the same
108 * element type and number of dimensions. The primitive Java types
109 * ({@code boolean}, {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code
110 * int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}), and the
111 * keyword {@code void} are also represented as {@code Class} objects.
112 *
113 * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead a {@code Class}
114 * object is constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine when
115 * a class is derived from the bytes of a {@code class} file through
116 * the invocation of one of the following methods:
117 * <ul>
118 * <li> {@link ClassLoader#defineClass(String, byte[], int, int) ClassLoader::defineClass}
119 * <li> {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineClass(byte[])
120 * java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup::defineClass}
121 * <li> {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
122 * java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup::defineHiddenClass}
123 * </ul>
124 *
125 * <p> The methods of class {@code Class} expose many characteristics of a
126 * class or interface. Most characteristics are derived from the {@code class}
127 * file that the class loader passed to the Java Virtual Machine or
128 * from the {@code class} file passed to {@code Lookup::defineClass}
129 * or {@code Lookup::defineHiddenClass}.
130 * A few characteristics are determined by the class loading environment
131 * at run time, such as the module returned by {@link #getModule() getModule()}.
132 *
133 * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
134 * class name of an object:
135 *
136 * {@snippet lang="java" :
137 * void printClassName(Object obj) {
138 * System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
139 * " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
140 * }}
141 *
142 * It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
143 * class or interface (or for {@code void}) using a <dfn>class literal</dfn>
144 * (JLS {@jls 15.8.2}).
145 * For example:
146 *
147 * {@snippet lang="java" :
148 * System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: " + Foo.class.getName()); // @highlight substring="Foo.class"
149 * }
150 *
151 * <p> Some methods of class {@code Class} expose whether the declaration of
152 * a class or interface in Java source code was <em>enclosed</em> within
153 * another declaration. Other methods describe how a class or interface
154 * is situated in a <dfn>{@index "nest"}</dfn>. A nest is a set of
155 * classes and interfaces, in the same run-time package, that
156 * allow mutual access to their {@code private} members.
157 * The classes and interfaces are known as <dfn>{@index "nestmates"}</dfn>
158 * (JVMS {@jvms 4.7.29}).
159 * One nestmate acts as the
160 * <dfn>nest host</dfn> (JVMS {@jvms 4.7.28}), and enumerates the other nestmates which
161 * belong to the nest; each of them in turn records it as the nest host.
162 * The classes and interfaces which belong to a nest, including its host, are
163 * determined when
164 * {@code class} files are generated, for example, a Java compiler
165 * will typically record a top-level class as the host of a nest where the
166 * other members are the classes and interfaces whose declarations are
167 * enclosed within the top-level class declaration.
168 *
169 * <h2><a id=hiddenClasses>Hidden Classes</a></h2>
170 * A class or interface created by the invocation of
171 * {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
172 * Lookup::defineHiddenClass} is a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() <dfn>hidden</dfn>}
173 * class or interface.
174 * All kinds of class, including enum classes and record classes, may be
175 * hidden classes; all kinds of interface, including annotation interfaces,
176 * may be hidden interfaces.
177 *
178 * The {@linkplain #getName() name of a hidden class or interface} is
179 * not a {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name},
180 * which means the following:
181 * <ul>
182 * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be referenced by the constant pools
183 * of other classes and interfaces.
184 * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be described in
185 * {@linkplain java.lang.constant.ConstantDesc <em>nominal form</em>} by
186 * {@link #describeConstable() Class::describeConstable},
187 * {@link ClassDesc#of(String) ClassDesc::of}, or
188 * {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}.
189 * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be discovered by {@link #forName Class::forName}
190 * or {@link ClassLoader#loadClass(String, boolean) ClassLoader::loadClass}.
191 * </ul>
192 *
193 * A hidden class or interface is never an array class, but may be
194 * the element type of an array. In all other respects, the fact that
195 * a class or interface is hidden has no bearing on the characteristics
196 * exposed by the methods of class {@code Class}.
197 *
198 * <h2><a id=implicitClasses>Implicitly Declared Classes</a></h2>
199 *
200 * Conventionally, a Java compiler, starting from a source file for an
201 * implicitly declared class, say {@code HelloWorld.java}, creates a
202 * similarly-named {@code class} file, {@code HelloWorld.class}, where
203 * the class stored in that {@code class} file is named {@code
204 * "HelloWorld"}, matching the base names of the source and {@code
205 * class} files.
206 *
207 * For the {@code Class} object of an implicitly declared class {@code
208 * HelloWorld}, the methods to get the {@linkplain #getName name} and
209 * {@linkplain #getTypeName type name} return results
210 * equal to {@code "HelloWorld"}. The {@linkplain #getSimpleName
211 * simple name} of such an implicitly declared class is {@code "HelloWorld"} and
212 * the {@linkplain #getCanonicalName canonical name} is {@code "HelloWorld"}.
213 *
214 * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
215 * object. For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
216 * Class<String>}. Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
217 * unknown.
218 *
219 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
220 * @since 1.0
221 */
222 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
223 GenericDeclaration,
224 Type,
225 AnnotatedElement,
226 TypeDescriptor.OfField<Class<?>>,
227 Constable {
228 private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
229 private static final int ENUM = 0x00004000;
230 private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
231
232 private static native void registerNatives();
233 static {
234 registerNatives();
235 }
236
237 /*
238 * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
239 * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
240 * generated.
241 */
242 private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
243 // Initialize final field for classLoader. The initialization value of non-null
244 // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
245 classLoader = loader;
246 componentType = arrayComponentType;
247 }
248
249 /**
250 * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
251 * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
252 * name of the class in the format returned by {@code getName}.
253 * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type,
254 * this method returns the name of the primitive type. If
255 * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
256 * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
257 * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
258 *
259 * @return a string representation of this {@code Class} object.
260 */
261 public String toString() {
262 String kind = isInterface() ? "interface " : isPrimitive() ? "" : "class ";
263 return kind.concat(getName());
264 }
265
266 /**
267 * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
268 * information about modifiers, {@link #isSealed() sealed}/{@code
269 * non-sealed} status, and type parameters.
270 *
271 * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
272 * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
273 * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface},
274 * {@code @interface}, or {@code record} as appropriate), followed
275 * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
276 * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any,
277 * including informative bounds on the type parameters, if any.
278 *
279 * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
280 * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
281 * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
282 * type parameter list is elided.
283 *
284 * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
285 * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
286 * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
287 * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
288 * the array.
289 *
290 * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
291 * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
292 * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
293 * code may be present.
294 *
295 * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
296 * information about modifiers and type parameters
297 *
298 * @since 1.8
299 */
300 public String toGenericString() {
301 if (isPrimitive()) {
302 return toString();
303 } else {
304 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
305 Class<?> component = this;
306 int arrayDepth = 0;
307
308 if (isArray()) {
309 do {
310 arrayDepth++;
311 component = component.getComponentType();
312 } while (component.isArray());
313 sb.append(component.getName());
314 } else {
315 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
316 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
317 if (modifiers != 0) {
318 sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
319 sb.append(' ');
320 }
321
322 // A class cannot be strictfp and sealed/non-sealed so
323 // it is sufficient to check for sealed-ness after all
324 // modifiers are printed.
325 addSealingInfo(modifiers, sb);
326
327 if (isAnnotation()) {
328 sb.append('@');
329 }
330 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation interfaces are interfaces
331 sb.append("interface");
332 } else {
333 if (isEnum())
334 sb.append("enum");
335 else if (isRecord())
336 sb.append("record");
337 else
338 sb.append("class");
339 }
340 sb.append(' ');
341 sb.append(getName());
342 }
343
344 TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
345 if (typeparms.length > 0) {
346 sb.append(Arrays.stream(typeparms)
347 .map(Class::typeVarBounds)
348 .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "<", ">")));
349 }
350
351 if (arrayDepth > 0) sb.append("[]".repeat(arrayDepth));
352
353 return sb.toString();
354 }
355 }
356
357 private void addSealingInfo(int modifiers, StringBuilder sb) {
358 // A class can be final XOR sealed XOR non-sealed.
359 if (Modifier.isFinal(modifiers)) {
360 return; // no-op
361 } else {
362 if (isSealed()) {
363 sb.append("sealed ");
364 return;
365 } else {
366 // Check for sealed ancestor, which implies this class
367 // is non-sealed.
368 if (hasSealedAncestor(this)) {
369 sb.append("non-sealed ");
370 }
371 }
372 }
373 }
374
375 private boolean hasSealedAncestor(Class<?> clazz) {
376 // From JLS 8.1.1.2:
377 // "It is a compile-time error if a class has a sealed direct
378 // superclass or a sealed direct superinterface, and is not
379 // declared final, sealed, or non-sealed either explicitly or
380 // implicitly.
381 // Thus, an effect of the sealed keyword is to force all
382 // direct subclasses to explicitly declare whether they are
383 // final, sealed, or non-sealed. This avoids accidentally
384 // exposing a sealed class hierarchy to unwanted subclassing."
385
386 // Therefore, will just check direct superclass and
387 // superinterfaces.
388 var superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
389 if (superclass != null && superclass.isSealed()) {
390 return true;
391 }
392 for (var superinterface : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
393 if (superinterface.isSealed()) {
394 return true;
395 }
396 }
397 return false;
398 }
399
400 static String typeVarBounds(TypeVariable<?> typeVar) {
401 Type[] bounds = typeVar.getBounds();
402 if (bounds.length == 1 && bounds[0].equals(Object.class)) {
403 return typeVar.getName();
404 } else {
405 return typeVar.getName() + " extends " +
406 Arrays.stream(bounds)
407 .map(Type::getTypeName)
408 .collect(Collectors.joining(" & "));
409 }
410 }
411
412 /**
413 * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
414 * interface with the given string name. Invoking this method is
415 * equivalent to:
416 *
417 * {@snippet lang="java" :
418 * Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)
419 * }
420 *
421 * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
422 * the current class.
423 *
424 * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
425 * runtime {@code Class} object for the class named
426 * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
427 *
428 * {@snippet lang="java" :
429 * Class<?> t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread");
430 * }
431 * <p>
432 * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
433 * {@code X} to be initialized.
434 *
435 * <p>
436 * In cases where this method is called from a context where there is no
437 * caller frame on the stack (e.g. when called directly from a JNI
438 * attached thread), the system class loader is used.
439 *
440 * @param className the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
441 * of the class or the string representing an array type
442 * @return the {@code Class} object for the class with the
443 * specified name.
444 * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
445 * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
446 * by this method fails
447 * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
448 *
449 * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
450 * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
451 * @jls 12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
452 */
453 @CallerSensitive
454 public static Class<?> forName(String className)
455 throws ClassNotFoundException {
456 Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
457 return forName(className, caller);
458 }
459
460 // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
461 @CallerSensitiveAdapter
462 private static Class<?> forName(String className, Class<?> caller)
463 throws ClassNotFoundException {
464 ClassLoader loader = (caller == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
465 : ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
466 return forName0(className, true, loader, caller);
467 }
468
469 /**
470 * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
471 * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
472 * Given the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name} for a class or interface,
473 * this method attempts to locate and load the class or interface. The specified
474 * class loader is used to load the class or interface. If the parameter
475 * {@code loader} is {@code null}, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
476 * class loader. The class is initialized only if the
477 * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
478 * not been initialized earlier.
479 *
480 * <p> This method cannot be used to obtain any of the {@code Class} objects
481 * representing primitive types or void, hidden classes or interfaces,
482 * or array classes whose element type is a hidden class or interface.
483 * If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, for example {@code I},
484 * an attempt will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package
485 * whose name is {@code I} instead.
486 * To obtain a {@code Class} object for a named primitive type
487 * such as {@code int} or {@code long} use {@link
488 * #forPrimitiveName(String)}.
489 *
490 * <p> To obtain the {@code Class} object associated with an array class,
491 * the name consists of one or more {@code '['} representing the depth
492 * of the array nesting, followed by the element type as encoded in
493 * {@linkplain ##nameFormat the table} specified in {@code Class.getName()}.
494 *
495 * <p> Examples:
496 * {@snippet lang="java" :
497 * Class<?> threadClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread", false, currentLoader);
498 * Class<?> stringArrayClass = Class.forName("[Ljava.lang.String;", false, currentLoader);
499 * Class<?> intArrayClass = Class.forName("[[[I", false, currentLoader); // Class of int[][][]
500 * Class<?> nestedClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Character$UnicodeBlock", false, currentLoader);
501 * Class<?> fooClass = Class.forName("Foo", true, currentLoader);
502 * }
503 *
504 * <p> A call to {@code getName()} on the {@code Class} object returned
505 * from {@code forName(}<i>N</i>{@code )} returns <i>N</i>.
506 *
507 * <p> A call to {@code forName("[L}<i>N</i>{@code ;")} causes the element type
508 * named <i>N</i> to be loaded but not initialized regardless of the value
509 * of the {@code initialize} parameter.
510 *
511 * @apiNote
512 * This method throws errors related to loading, linking or initializing
513 * as specified in Sections {@jls 12.2}, {@jls 12.3}, and {@jls 12.4} of
514 * <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
515 * In addition, this method does not check whether the requested class
516 * is accessible to its caller.
517 *
518 * @param name the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
519 * of the class or the string representing an array class
520 *
521 * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized
522 * (which implies linking). See Section {@jls
523 * 12.4} of <cite>The Java Language
524 * Specification</cite>.
525 * @param loader class loader from which the class must be loaded
526 * @return class object representing the desired class
527 *
528 * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
529 * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
530 * by this method fails
531 * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
532 * the specified class loader
533 * @throws SecurityException
534 * if a security manager is present, and the {@code loader} is
535 * {@code null}, and the caller's class loader is not
536 * {@code null}, and the caller does not have the
537 * {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
538 *
539 * @see java.lang.Class#forName(String)
540 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
541 *
542 * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
543 * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
544 * @jls 12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
545 * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
546 * @since 1.2
547 */
548 @CallerSensitive
549 public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
550 ClassLoader loader)
551 throws ClassNotFoundException
552 {
553 Class<?> caller = null;
554 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
555 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
556 if (sm != null) {
557 // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
558 // is present. Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
559 caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
560 }
561 return forName(name, initialize, loader, caller);
562 }
563
564 // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
565 @CallerSensitiveAdapter
566 private static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader, Class<?> caller)
567 throws ClassNotFoundException
568 {
569 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
570 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
571 if (sm != null) {
572 // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
573 // is present. Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
574 if (loader == null) {
575 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
576 if (ccl != null) {
577 sm.checkPermission(
578 SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
579 }
580 }
581 }
582 return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
583 }
584
585 /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
586 private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
587 ClassLoader loader,
588 Class<?> caller)
589 throws ClassNotFoundException;
590
591
592 /**
593 * Returns the {@code Class} with the given {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name
594 * binary name} in the given module.
595 *
596 * <p> This method attempts to locate and load the class or interface.
597 * It does not link the class, and does not run the class initializer.
598 * If the class is not found, this method returns {@code null}. </p>
599 *
600 * <p> If the class loader of the given module defines other modules and
601 * the given name is a class defined in a different module, this method
602 * returns {@code null} after the class is loaded. </p>
603 *
604 * <p> This method does not check whether the requested class is
605 * accessible to its caller. </p>
606 *
607 * @apiNote
608 * This method does not support loading of array types, unlike
609 * {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)}. The class name must be
610 * a binary name. This method returns {@code null} on failure rather than
611 * throwing a {@link ClassNotFoundException}, as is done by
612 * the {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)} method.
613 * The security check is a stack-based permission check if the caller
614 * loads a class in another module.
615 *
616 * @param module A module
617 * @param name The {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
618 * of the class
619 * @return {@code Class} object of the given name defined in the given module;
620 * {@code null} if not found.
621 *
622 * @throws NullPointerException if the given module or name is {@code null}
623 *
624 * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
625 *
626 * @throws SecurityException
627 * <ul>
628 * <li> if the caller is not the specified module and
629 * {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission is denied; or</li>
630 * <li> access to the module content is denied. For example,
631 * permission check will be performed when a class loader calls
632 * {@link ModuleReader#open(String)} to read the bytes of a class file
633 * in a module.</li>
634 * </ul>
635 *
636 * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
637 * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
638 * @since 9
639 */
640 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
641 @CallerSensitive
642 public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
643 Class<?> caller = null;
644 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
645 if (sm != null) {
646 caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
647 }
648 return forName(module, name, caller);
649 }
650
651 // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
652 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
653 @CallerSensitiveAdapter
654 private static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name, Class<?> caller) {
655 Objects.requireNonNull(module);
656 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
657
658 ClassLoader cl;
659 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
660 if (sm != null) {
661 if (caller != null && caller.getModule() != module) {
662 // if caller is null, Class.forName is the last java frame on the stack.
663 // java.base has all permissions
664 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
665 }
666 PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> pa = module::getClassLoader;
667 cl = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
668 } else {
669 cl = module.getClassLoader();
670 }
671
672 if (cl != null) {
673 return cl.loadClass(module, name);
674 } else {
675 return BootLoader.loadClass(module, name);
676 }
677 }
678
679 /**
680 * {@return the {@code Class} object associated with the
681 * {@linkplain #isPrimitive() primitive type} of the given name}
682 * If the argument is not the name of a primitive type, {@code
683 * null} is returned.
684 *
685 * @param primitiveName the name of the primitive type to find
686 *
687 * @throws NullPointerException if the argument is {@code null}
688 *
689 * @jls 4.2 Primitive Types and Values
690 * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
691 * @since 22
692 */
693 public static Class<?> forPrimitiveName(String primitiveName) {
694 return switch(primitiveName) {
695 // Integral types
696 case "int" -> int.class;
697 case "long" -> long.class;
698 case "short" -> short.class;
699 case "char" -> char.class;
700 case "byte" -> byte.class;
701
702 // Floating-point types
703 case "float" -> float.class;
704 case "double" -> double.class;
705
706 // Other types
707 case "boolean" -> boolean.class;
708 case "void" -> void.class;
709
710 default -> null;
711 };
712 }
713
714 /**
715 * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
716 * object. The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
717 * expression with an empty argument list. The class is initialized if it
718 * has not already been initialized.
719 *
720 * @deprecated This method propagates any exception thrown by the
721 * nullary constructor, including a checked exception. Use of
722 * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
723 * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
724 * The {@link
725 * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
726 * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
727 * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
728 * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
729 *
730 * <p>The call
731 *
732 * {@snippet lang="java" :
733 * clazz.newInstance()
734 * }
735 *
736 * can be replaced by
737 *
738 * {@snippet lang="java" :
739 * clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()
740 * }
741 *
742 * The latter sequence of calls is inferred to be able to throw
743 * the additional exception types {@link
744 * InvocationTargetException} and {@link
745 * NoSuchMethodException}. Both of these exception types are
746 * subclasses of {@link ReflectiveOperationException}.
747 *
748 * @return a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
749 * object.
750 * @throws IllegalAccessException if the class or its nullary
751 * constructor is not accessible.
752 * @throws InstantiationException
753 * if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
754 * an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
755 * or if the class has no nullary constructor;
756 * or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
757 * @throws ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
758 * provoked by this method fails.
759 * @throws SecurityException
760 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
761 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
762 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
763 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
764 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
765 * of this class.
766 */
767 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
768 @CallerSensitive
769 @Deprecated(since="9")
770 public T newInstance()
771 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
772 {
773 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
774 if (sm != null) {
775 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
776 }
777
778 // Constructor lookup
779 Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
780 if (tmpConstructor == null) {
781 if (this == Class.class) {
782 throw new IllegalAccessException(
783 "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
784 );
785 }
786 try {
787 Class<?>[] empty = {};
788 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
789 getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
790 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
791 // access check is done with the true caller
792 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
793 new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
794 public Void run() {
795 c.setAccessible(true);
796 return null;
797 }
798 });
799 cachedConstructor = tmpConstructor = c;
800 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
801 throw (InstantiationException)
802 new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
803 }
804 }
805
806 try {
807 Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
808 return getReflectionFactory().newInstance(tmpConstructor, null, caller);
809 } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
810 Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
811 // Not reached
812 return null;
813 }
814 }
815
816 private transient volatile Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
817
818 /**
819 * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
820 * with the object represented by this {@code Class}. This method is
821 * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
822 * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
823 * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
824 * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
825 * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
826 * otherwise.
827 *
828 * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
829 * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
830 * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
831 * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
832 * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
833 * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
834 * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
835 * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
836 * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
837 * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
838 * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
839 * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
840 * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
841 * returns {@code false}.
842 *
843 * @param obj the object to check
844 * @return true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
845 *
846 * @since 1.1
847 */
848 @IntrinsicCandidate
849 public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
850
851
852 /**
853 * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
854 * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
855 * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
856 * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
857 * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
858 * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
859 * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
860 * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
861 * {@code false}.
862 *
863 * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
864 * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
865 * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
866 * or via a widening reference conversion. See <cite>The Java Language
867 * Specification</cite>, sections {@jls 5.1.1} and {@jls 5.1.4},
868 * for details.
869 *
870 * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
871 * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
872 * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
873 * @throws NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
874 * null.
875 * @since 1.1
876 */
877 @IntrinsicCandidate
878 public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
879
880
881 /**
882 * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an
883 * interface type.
884 *
885 * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an interface;
886 * {@code false} otherwise.
887 */
888 @IntrinsicCandidate
889 public native boolean isInterface();
890
891
892 /**
893 * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
894 *
895 * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an array class;
896 * {@code false} otherwise.
897 * @since 1.1
898 */
899 @IntrinsicCandidate
900 public native boolean isArray();
901
902
903 /**
904 * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents a primitive
905 * type or void.
906 *
907 * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to
908 * represent the eight primitive types and void. These are
909 * created by the Java Virtual Machine, and have the same
910 * {@linkplain #getName() names} as the primitive types that they
911 * represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte}, {@code char},
912 * {@code short}, {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
913 * {@code double}.
914 *
915 * <p>No other class objects are considered primitive.
916 *
917 * @apiNote
918 * A {@code Class} object represented by a primitive type can be
919 * accessed via the {@code TYPE} public static final variables
920 * defined in the primitive wrapper classes such as {@link
921 * java.lang.Integer#TYPE Integer.TYPE}. In the Java programming
922 * language, the objects may be referred to by a class literal
923 * expression such as {@code int.class}. The {@code Class} object
924 * for void can be expressed as {@code void.class} or {@link
925 * java.lang.Void#TYPE Void.TYPE}.
926 *
927 * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
928 *
929 * @see java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
930 * @see java.lang.Character#TYPE
931 * @see java.lang.Byte#TYPE
932 * @see java.lang.Short#TYPE
933 * @see java.lang.Integer#TYPE
934 * @see java.lang.Long#TYPE
935 * @see java.lang.Float#TYPE
936 * @see java.lang.Double#TYPE
937 * @see java.lang.Void#TYPE
938 * @since 1.1
939 * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
940 */
941 @IntrinsicCandidate
942 public native boolean isPrimitive();
943
944 /**
945 * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
946 * interface. Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
947 * would also return true, as all annotation interfaces are also interfaces.
948 *
949 * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
950 * interface; {@code false} otherwise
951 * @since 1.5
952 */
953 public boolean isAnnotation() {
954 return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
955 }
956
957 /**
958 *{@return {@code true} if and only if this class has the synthetic modifier
959 * bit set}
960 *
961 * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
962 * @jvms 4.1 The {@code ClassFile} Structure
963 * @see <a
964 * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
965 * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
966 * @since 1.5
967 */
968 public boolean isSynthetic() {
969 return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
970 }
971
972 /**
973 * Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
974 * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object.
975 *
976 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface,
977 * not an array class, then:
978 * <ul>
979 * <li> If the class or interface is not {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden},
980 * then the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
981 * of the class or interface is returned.
982 * <li> If the class or interface is hidden, then the result is a string
983 * of the form: {@code N + '/' + <suffix>}
984 * where {@code N} is the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
985 * indicated by the {@code class} file passed to
986 * {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
987 * Lookup::defineHiddenClass}, and {@code <suffix>} is an unqualified name.
988 * </ul>
989 *
990 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array class, then
991 * the result is a string consisting of one or more '{@code [}' characters
992 * representing the depth of the array nesting, followed by the element
993 * type as encoded using the following table:
994 *
995 * <blockquote><table class="striped" id="nameFormat">
996 * <caption style="display:none">Element types and encodings</caption>
997 * <thead>
998 * <tr><th scope="col"> Element Type <th scope="col"> Encoding
999 * </thead>
1000 * <tbody style="text-align:left">
1001 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code boolean} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code Z}
1002 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code byte} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code B}
1003 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code char} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code C}
1004 * <tr><th scope="row"> class or interface with {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name} <i>N</i>
1005 * <td style="text-align:center"> {@code L}<em>N</em>{@code ;}
1006 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code double} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code D}
1007 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code float} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code F}
1008 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code int} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code I}
1009 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code long} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code J}
1010 * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code short} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code S}
1011 * </tbody>
1012 * </table></blockquote>
1013 *
1014 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or {@code void},
1015 * then the result is a string with the same spelling as the Java language
1016 * keyword which corresponds to the primitive type or {@code void}.
1017 *
1018 * <p> Examples:
1019 * <blockquote><pre>
1020 * String.class.getName()
1021 * returns "java.lang.String"
1022 * Character.UnicodeBlock.class.getName()
1023 * returns "java.lang.Character$UnicodeBlock"
1024 * byte.class.getName()
1025 * returns "byte"
1026 * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
1027 * returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
1028 * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
1029 * returns "[[[[[[[I"
1030 * </pre></blockquote>
1031 *
1032 * @apiNote
1033 * Distinct class objects can have the same name but different class loaders.
1034 *
1035 * @return the name of the class, interface, or other entity
1036 * represented by this {@code Class} object.
1037 * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
1038 */
1039 public String getName() {
1040 String name = this.name;
1041 return name != null ? name : initClassName();
1042 }
1043
1044 // Cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM.
1045 // This field would be set by VM itself during initClassName call.
1046 private transient String name;
1047 private native String initClassName();
1048
1049 /**
1050 * Returns the class loader for the class. Some implementations may use
1051 * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
1052 * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
1053 * class loader.
1054 *
1055 * <p>If this {@code Class} object
1056 * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
1057 *
1058 * @return the class loader that loaded the class or interface
1059 * represented by this {@code Class} object.
1060 * @throws SecurityException
1061 * if a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader
1062 * is not {@code null} and is not the same as or an ancestor of the
1063 * class loader for the class whose class loader is requested,
1064 * and the caller does not have the
1065 * {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
1066 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
1067 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
1068 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
1069 */
1070 @CallerSensitive
1071 @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
1072 public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
1073 ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
1074 if (cl == null)
1075 return null;
1076 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1077 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1078 if (sm != null) {
1079 ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
1080 }
1081 return cl;
1082 }
1083
1084 // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
1085 ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
1086
1087 /**
1088 * Returns the module that this class or interface is a member of.
1089 *
1090 * If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
1091 * {@code Module} for the element type. If this class represents a
1092 * primitive type or void, then the {@code Module} object for the
1093 * {@code java.base} module is returned.
1094 *
1095 * If this class is in an unnamed module then the {@linkplain
1096 * ClassLoader#getUnnamedModule() unnamed} {@code Module} of the class
1097 * loader for this class is returned.
1098 *
1099 * @return the module that this class or interface is a member of
1100 *
1101 * @since 9
1102 */
1103 public Module getModule() {
1104 return module;
1105 }
1106
1107 // set by VM
1108 @Stable
1109 private transient Module module;
1110
1111 // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
1112 // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
1113 // will throw NoSuchFieldException
1114 private final ClassLoader classLoader;
1115
1116 private transient Object classData; // Set by VM
1117 private transient Object[] signers; // Read by VM, mutable
1118
1119 // package-private
1120 Object getClassData() {
1121 return classData;
1122 }
1123
1124 /**
1125 * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
1126 * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
1127 * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order. Returns an
1128 * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
1129 * variables.
1130 *
1131 * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
1132 * the type variables declared by this generic declaration
1133 * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
1134 * signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
1135 * the format specified in section {@jvms 4.7.9} of
1136 * <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1137 * @since 1.5
1138 */
1139 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1140 public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
1141 ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1142 if (info != null)
1143 return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
1144 else
1145 return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
1146 }
1147
1148
1149 /**
1150 * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
1151 * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
1152 * this {@code Class}. If this {@code Class} represents either the
1153 * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
1154 * null is returned. If this {@code Class} object represents an array class
1155 * then the {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
1156 * returned.
1157 *
1158 * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
1159 */
1160 @IntrinsicCandidate
1161 public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
1162
1163
1164 /**
1165 * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
1166 * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
1167 * this {@code Class} object.
1168 *
1169 * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
1170 * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
1171 * arguments used in the source code. The parameterized type
1172 * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
1173 * created before. See the declaration of {@link
1174 * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
1175 * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. If
1176 * this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
1177 * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
1178 * returned. If this {@code Class} object represents an array class
1179 * then the {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
1180 * returned.
1181 *
1182 * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
1183 * class signature does not conform to the format specified in
1184 * section {@jvms 4.7.9} of <cite>The Java Virtual
1185 * Machine Specification</cite>
1186 * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
1187 * refers to a non-existent type declaration
1188 * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
1189 * generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
1190 * instantiated for any reason
1191 * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
1192 * @since 1.5
1193 */
1194 public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
1195 ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1196 if (info == null) {
1197 return getSuperclass();
1198 }
1199
1200 // Historical irregularity:
1201 // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
1202 // but this API returns null for interfaces
1203 if (isInterface()) {
1204 return null;
1205 }
1206
1207 return info.getSuperclass();
1208 }
1209
1210 /**
1211 * Gets the package of this class.
1212 *
1213 * <p>If this class represents an array type, a primitive type or void,
1214 * this method returns {@code null}.
1215 *
1216 * @return the package of this class.
1217 */
1218 public Package getPackage() {
1219 if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
1220 return null;
1221 }
1222 ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
1223 return cl != null ? cl.definePackage(this)
1224 : BootLoader.definePackage(this);
1225 }
1226
1227 /**
1228 * Returns the fully qualified package name.
1229 *
1230 * <p> If this class is a top level class, then this method returns the fully
1231 * qualified name of the package that the class is a member of, or the
1232 * empty string if the class is in an unnamed package.
1233 *
1234 * <p> If this class is a member class, then this method is equivalent to
1235 * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@linkplain #getEnclosingClass
1236 * enclosing class}.
1237 *
1238 * <p> If this class is a {@linkplain #isLocalClass local class} or an {@linkplain
1239 * #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}, then this method is equivalent to
1240 * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@linkplain #getDeclaringClass
1241 * declaring class} of the {@linkplain #getEnclosingMethod enclosing method} or
1242 * {@linkplain #getEnclosingConstructor enclosing constructor}.
1243 *
1244 * <p> If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
1245 * package name of the element type. If this class represents a primitive
1246 * type or void then the package name "{@code java.lang}" is returned.
1247 *
1248 * @return the fully qualified package name
1249 *
1250 * @since 9
1251 * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
1252 */
1253 public String getPackageName() {
1254 String pn = this.packageName;
1255 if (pn == null) {
1256 Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
1257 if (c.isPrimitive()) {
1258 pn = "java.lang";
1259 } else {
1260 String cn = c.getName();
1261 int dot = cn.lastIndexOf('.');
1262 pn = (dot != -1) ? cn.substring(0, dot).intern() : "";
1263 }
1264 this.packageName = pn;
1265 }
1266 return pn;
1267 }
1268
1269 // cached package name
1270 private transient String packageName;
1271
1272 /**
1273 * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
1274 * represented by this {@code Class} object.
1275 *
1276 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is an array
1277 * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1278 * the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1279 * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1280 * the declaration of the class represented by this {@code Class} object. For example,
1281 * given the declaration:
1282 * <blockquote>
1283 * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
1284 * </blockquote>
1285 * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
1286 * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
1287 * <blockquote>
1288 * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
1289 * </blockquote>
1290 * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1291 * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
1292 * <blockquote>
1293 * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
1294 * </blockquote>
1295 * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1296 * {@code DessertTopping}.
1297 *
1298 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1299 * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
1300 * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1301 * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1302 * the interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
1303 *
1304 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that implements no
1305 * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1306 *
1307 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1308 * returns an array of length 0.
1309 *
1310 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1311 * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1312 * returned in that order.
1313 *
1314 * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1315 */
1316 public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
1317 // defensively copy before handing over to user code
1318 return getInterfaces(true);
1319 }
1320
1321 private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
1322 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1323 if (rd == null) {
1324 // no cloning required
1325 return getInterfaces0();
1326 } else {
1327 Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
1328 if (interfaces == null) {
1329 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
1330 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
1331 }
1332 // defensively copy if requested
1333 return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
1334 }
1335 }
1336
1337 private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
1338
1339 /**
1340 * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
1341 * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
1342 * this {@code Class} object.
1343 *
1344 * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
1345 * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
1346 * the actual type arguments used in the source code. The
1347 * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
1348 * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
1349 * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
1350 * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
1351 * types.
1352 *
1353 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is an array
1354 * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1355 * the class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1356 * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1357 * the declaration of the class represented by this {@code Class} object.
1358 *
1359 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1360 * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
1361 * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1362 * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1363 * the interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
1364 *
1365 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that implements no
1366 * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1367 *
1368 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1369 * returns an array of length 0.
1370 *
1371 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1372 * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1373 * returned in that order.
1374 *
1375 * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
1376 * if the generic class signature does not conform to the
1377 * format specified in section {@jvms 4.7.9} of <cite>The
1378 * Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1379 * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
1380 * superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
1381 * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
1382 * if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
1383 * type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
1384 * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1385 * @since 1.5
1386 */
1387 public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
1388 ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1389 return (info == null) ? getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
1390 }
1391
1392
1393 /**
1394 * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
1395 * array. If this class does not represent an array class this method
1396 * returns null.
1397 *
1398 * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
1399 * class if this class is an array
1400 * @see java.lang.reflect.Array
1401 * @since 1.1
1402 */
1403 public Class<?> getComponentType() {
1404 // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
1405 if (isArray()) {
1406 return componentType;
1407 } else {
1408 return null;
1409 }
1410 }
1411
1412 private final Class<?> componentType;
1413
1414 /*
1415 * Returns the {@code Class} representing the element type of an array class.
1416 * If this class does not represent an array class, then this method returns
1417 * {@code null}.
1418 */
1419 private Class<?> elementType() {
1420 if (!isArray()) return null;
1421
1422 Class<?> c = this;
1423 while (c.isArray()) {
1424 c = c.getComponentType();
1425 }
1426 return c;
1427 }
1428
1429 /**
1430 * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
1431 * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
1432 * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
1433 * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
1434 * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
1435 * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
1436 *
1437 * <p> If the underlying class is an array class:
1438 * <ul>
1439 * <li> its {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
1440 * modifiers are the same as those of its component type
1441 * <li> its {@code abstract} and {@code final} modifiers are always
1442 * {@code true}
1443 * <li> its interface modifier is always {@code false}, even when
1444 * the component type is an interface
1445 * </ul>
1446 * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
1447 * void, its {@code public}, {@code abstract}, and {@code final}
1448 * modifiers are always {@code true}.
1449 * For {@code Class} objects representing void, primitive types, and
1450 * arrays, the values of other modifiers are {@code false} other
1451 * than as specified above.
1452 *
1453 * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in section {@jvms 4.1}
1454 * of <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
1455 *
1456 * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
1457 * @see java.lang.reflect.Modifier
1458 * @see #accessFlags()
1459 * @see <a
1460 * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
1461 * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
1462 * @since 1.1
1463 * @jls 8.1.1 Class Modifiers
1464 * @jls 9.1.1 Interface Modifiers
1465 * @jvms 4.1 The {@code ClassFile} Structure
1466 */
1467 @IntrinsicCandidate
1468 public native int getModifiers();
1469
1470 /**
1471 * {@return an unmodifiable set of the {@linkplain AccessFlag access
1472 * flags} for this class, possibly empty}
1473 *
1474 * <p> If the underlying class is an array class:
1475 * <ul>
1476 * <li> its {@code PUBLIC}, {@code PRIVATE} and {@code PROTECTED}
1477 * access flags are the same as those of its component type
1478 * <li> its {@code ABSTRACT} and {@code FINAL} flags are present
1479 * <li> its {@code INTERFACE} flag is absent, even when the
1480 * component type is an interface
1481 * </ul>
1482 * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
1483 * void, the flags are {@code PUBLIC}, {@code ABSTRACT}, and
1484 * {@code FINAL}.
1485 * For {@code Class} objects representing void, primitive types, and
1486 * arrays, access flags are absent other than as specified above.
1487 *
1488 * @see #getModifiers()
1489 * @jvms 4.1 The ClassFile Structure
1490 * @jvms 4.7.6 The InnerClasses Attribute
1491 * @since 20
1492 */
1493 public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
1494 // Location.CLASS allows SUPER and AccessFlag.MODULE which
1495 // INNER_CLASS forbids. INNER_CLASS allows PRIVATE, PROTECTED,
1496 // and STATIC, which are not allowed on Location.CLASS.
1497 // Use getClassAccessFlagsRaw to expose SUPER status.
1498 var location = (isMemberClass() || isLocalClass() ||
1499 isAnonymousClass() || isArray()) ?
1500 AccessFlag.Location.INNER_CLASS :
1501 AccessFlag.Location.CLASS;
1502 return AccessFlag.maskToAccessFlags((location == AccessFlag.Location.CLASS) ?
1503 getClassAccessFlagsRaw() :
1504 getModifiers(),
1505 location);
1506 }
1507
1508 /**
1509 * Gets the signers of this class.
1510 *
1511 * @return the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers. In
1512 * particular, this method returns null if this {@code Class} object represents
1513 * a primitive type or void.
1514 * @since 1.1
1515 */
1516 public Object[] getSigners() {
1517 var signers = this.signers;
1518 return signers == null ? null : signers.clone();
1519 }
1520
1521 /**
1522 * Set the signers of this class.
1523 */
1524 void setSigners(Object[] signers) {
1525 if (!isPrimitive() && !isArray()) {
1526 this.signers = signers;
1527 }
1528 }
1529
1530 /**
1531 * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1532 * class within a method, returns a {@link
1533 * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1534 * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1535 * {@code null} otherwise.
1536 *
1537 * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1538 * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a class or
1539 * interface declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1540 *
1541 * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1542 * that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1543 *
1544 * @throws SecurityException
1545 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1546 * following conditions is met:
1547 *
1548 * <ul>
1549 *
1550 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1551 * class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1552 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1553 * s.checkPermission} method with
1554 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1555 * denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1556 *
1557 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1558 * ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1559 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1560 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1561 * of the enclosing class
1562 *
1563 * </ul>
1564 * @since 1.5
1565 */
1566 @CallerSensitive
1567 public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1568 EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1569
1570 if (enclosingInfo == null)
1571 return null;
1572 else {
1573 if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1574 return null;
1575
1576 MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1577 getFactory());
1578 Class<?> returnType = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1579 Type [] parameterTypes = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1580 Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1581
1582 // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1583 // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1584 // don't have generics information
1585 for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1586 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1587
1588 // Perform access check
1589 final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1590 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1591 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1592 if (sm != null) {
1593 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1594 Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1595 }
1596 Method[] candidates = enclosingCandidate.privateGetDeclaredMethods(false);
1597
1598 /*
1599 * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1600 * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1601 * type. Matching return type is also necessary
1602 * because of covariant returns, etc.
1603 */
1604 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1605 for (Method m : candidates) {
1606 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) &&
1607 arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1608 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))) {
1609 // finally, check return type
1610 if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType)) {
1611 return fact.copyMethod(m);
1612 }
1613 }
1614 }
1615
1616 throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1617 }
1618 }
1619
1620 private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1621
1622 private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1623 Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1624 if (enclosingInfo == null)
1625 return null;
1626 else {
1627 return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1628 }
1629 }
1630
1631 private static final class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1632 private final Class<?> enclosingClass;
1633 private final String name;
1634 private final String descriptor;
1635
1636 static void validate(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1637 if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1638 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1639 try {
1640 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1641
1642 // the immediately enclosing class
1643 Class<?> enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1644 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1645
1646 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1647 // name (can be null).
1648 String name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1649
1650 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1651 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1652 String descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1653 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1654 } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1655 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1656 }
1657 }
1658
1659 EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1660 validate(enclosingInfo);
1661 this.enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1662 this.name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1663 this.descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1664 }
1665
1666 boolean isPartial() {
1667 return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1668 }
1669
1670 boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && ConstantDescs.INIT_NAME.equals(name); }
1671
1672 boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !ConstantDescs.CLASS_INIT_NAME.equals(name); }
1673
1674 Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1675
1676 String getName() { return name; }
1677
1678 String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1679
1680 }
1681
1682 private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1683 if (o instanceof GenericArrayType gat)
1684 return toClass(gat.getGenericComponentType()).arrayType();
1685 return (Class<?>)o;
1686 }
1687
1688 /**
1689 * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1690 * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1691 * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1692 * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1693 * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise. In particular, this
1694 * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1695 * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a class or
1696 * interface declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1697 *
1698 * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1699 * that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1700 * @throws SecurityException
1701 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1702 * following conditions is met:
1703 *
1704 * <ul>
1705 *
1706 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1707 * class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1708 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1709 * s.checkPermission} method with
1710 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1711 * denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1712 *
1713 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1714 * ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1715 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1716 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1717 * of the enclosing class
1718 *
1719 * </ul>
1720 * @since 1.5
1721 */
1722 @CallerSensitive
1723 public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1724 EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1725
1726 if (enclosingInfo == null)
1727 return null;
1728 else {
1729 if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1730 return null;
1731
1732 ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1733 getFactory());
1734 Type [] parameterTypes = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1735 Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1736
1737 // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1738 // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1739 // don't have generics information
1740 for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1741 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1742
1743 // Perform access check
1744 final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1745 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1746 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1747 if (sm != null) {
1748 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1749 Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1750 }
1751
1752 Constructor<?>[] candidates = enclosingCandidate
1753 .privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false);
1754 /*
1755 * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1756 * of and type of parameters.
1757 */
1758 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1759 for (Constructor<?> c : candidates) {
1760 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1761 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(c))) {
1762 return fact.copyConstructor(c);
1763 }
1764 }
1765
1766 throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1767 }
1768 }
1769
1770
1771 /**
1772 * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1773 * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1774 * representing the class in which it was declared. This method returns
1775 * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class. If
1776 * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1777 * type, or void, then this method returns null.
1778 *
1779 * @return the declaring class for this class
1780 * @throws SecurityException
1781 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1782 * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1783 * loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1784 * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1785 * denies access to the package of the declaring class
1786 * @since 1.1
1787 */
1788 @CallerSensitive
1789 public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1790 final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1791
1792 if (candidate != null) {
1793 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1794 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1795 if (sm != null) {
1796 candidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1797 ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1798 }
1799 }
1800 return candidate;
1801 }
1802
1803 private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1804
1805
1806 /**
1807 * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1808 * class. If the underlying class is a top level class this
1809 * method returns {@code null}.
1810 * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1811 * @throws SecurityException
1812 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1813 * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1814 * loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1815 * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1816 * denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1817 * @since 1.5
1818 */
1819 @CallerSensitive
1820 public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1821 // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1822 // a) Top level classes
1823 // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1824 // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1825 // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1826 // e) Anonymous classes
1827
1828
1829 // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1830 // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1831 // anonymous class.
1832 EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1833 Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1834
1835 if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1836 // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1837 enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1838 } else {
1839 Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1840 // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1841 if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1842 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1843 else
1844 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1845 }
1846
1847 if (enclosingCandidate != null) {
1848 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1849 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1850 if (sm != null) {
1851 enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1852 ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1853 }
1854 }
1855 return enclosingCandidate;
1856 }
1857
1858 /**
1859 * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1860 * source code. An empty string is returned if the underlying class is
1861 * {@linkplain #isAnonymousClass() anonymous}.
1862 * A {@linkplain #isSynthetic() synthetic class}, one not present
1863 * in source code, can have a non-empty name including special
1864 * characters, such as "{@code $}".
1865 *
1866 * <p>The simple name of an {@linkplain #isArray() array class} is the simple name of the
1867 * component type with "[]" appended. In particular the simple
1868 * name of an array class whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1869 *
1870 * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1871 * @since 1.5
1872 */
1873 public String getSimpleName() {
1874 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1875 String simpleName = rd.simpleName;
1876 if (simpleName == null) {
1877 rd.simpleName = simpleName = getSimpleName0();
1878 }
1879 return simpleName;
1880 }
1881
1882 private String getSimpleName0() {
1883 if (isArray()) {
1884 return getComponentType().getSimpleName().concat("[]");
1885 }
1886 String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1887 if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1888 simpleName = getName();
1889 simpleName = simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1); // strip the package name
1890 }
1891 return simpleName;
1892 }
1893
1894 /**
1895 * Return an informative string for the name of this class or interface.
1896 *
1897 * @return an informative string for the name of this class or interface
1898 * @since 1.8
1899 */
1900 public String getTypeName() {
1901 if (isArray()) {
1902 try {
1903 Class<?> cl = this;
1904 int dimensions = 0;
1905 do {
1906 dimensions++;
1907 cl = cl.getComponentType();
1908 } while (cl.isArray());
1909 return cl.getName().concat("[]".repeat(dimensions));
1910 } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1911 }
1912 return getName();
1913 }
1914
1915 /**
1916 * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1917 * defined by <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
1918 * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class does not have a canonical
1919 * name. Classes without canonical names include:
1920 * <ul>
1921 * <li>a {@linkplain #isLocalClass() local class}
1922 * <li>a {@linkplain #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}
1923 * <li>a {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden class}
1924 * <li>an array whose component type does not have a canonical name</li>
1925 * </ul>
1926 *
1927 * The canonical name for a primitive class is the keyword for the
1928 * corresponding primitive type ({@code byte}, {@code short},
1929 * {@code char}, {@code int}, and so on).
1930 *
1931 * <p>An array type has a canonical name if and only if its
1932 * component type has a canonical name. When an array type has a
1933 * canonical name, it is equal to the canonical name of the
1934 * component type followed by "{@code []}".
1935 *
1936 * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1937 * {@code null} otherwise.
1938 * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
1939 * @since 1.5
1940 */
1941 public String getCanonicalName() {
1942 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1943 String canonicalName = rd.canonicalName;
1944 if (canonicalName == null) {
1945 rd.canonicalName = canonicalName = getCanonicalName0();
1946 }
1947 return canonicalName == ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL? null : canonicalName;
1948 }
1949
1950 private String getCanonicalName0() {
1951 if (isArray()) {
1952 String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1953 if (canonicalName != null)
1954 return canonicalName.concat("[]");
1955 else
1956 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1957 }
1958 if (isHidden() || isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1959 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1960 Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1961 if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1962 return getName();
1963 } else {
1964 String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1965 if (enclosingName == null)
1966 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1967 String simpleName = getSimpleName();
1968 return new StringBuilder(enclosingName.length() + simpleName.length() + 1)
1969 .append(enclosingName)
1970 .append('.')
1971 .append(simpleName)
1972 .toString();
1973 }
1974 }
1975
1976 /**
1977 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1978 * is an anonymous class.
1979 *
1980 * @apiNote
1981 * An anonymous class is not a {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden class}.
1982 *
1983 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1984 * @since 1.5
1985 * @jls 15.9.5 Anonymous Class Declarations
1986 */
1987 public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1988 return !isArray() && isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
1989 getSimpleBinaryName0() == null;
1990 }
1991
1992 /**
1993 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1994 * is a local class.
1995 *
1996 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1997 * @since 1.5
1998 * @jls 14.3 Local Class and Interface Declarations
1999 */
2000 public boolean isLocalClass() {
2001 return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
2002 (isArray() || getSimpleBinaryName0() != null);
2003 }
2004
2005 /**
2006 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
2007 * is a member class.
2008 *
2009 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
2010 * @since 1.5
2011 * @jls 8.5 Member Class and Interface Declarations
2012 */
2013 public boolean isMemberClass() {
2014 return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() != null;
2015 }
2016
2017 /**
2018 * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
2019 * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
2020 * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
2021 * class.
2022 */
2023 private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
2024 if (isTopLevelClass())
2025 return null;
2026 String name = getSimpleBinaryName0();
2027 if (name == null) // anonymous class
2028 return "";
2029 return name;
2030 }
2031
2032 private native String getSimpleBinaryName0();
2033
2034 /**
2035 * Returns {@code true} if this is a top level class. Returns {@code false}
2036 * otherwise.
2037 */
2038 private boolean isTopLevelClass() {
2039 return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() == null;
2040 }
2041
2042 /**
2043 * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
2044 * class. Returns {@code false} otherwise.
2045 */
2046 private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
2047 // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
2048 // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
2049 // anonymous class.
2050 return hasEnclosingMethodInfo();
2051 }
2052
2053 private boolean hasEnclosingMethodInfo() {
2054 Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
2055 if (enclosingInfo != null) {
2056 EnclosingMethodInfo.validate(enclosingInfo);
2057 return true;
2058 }
2059 return false;
2060 }
2061
2062 /**
2063 * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
2064 * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
2065 * represented by this {@code Class} object. This includes public
2066 * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
2067 * and interface members declared by the class. This method returns an
2068 * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
2069 * classes or interfaces. This method also returns an array of length 0 if
2070 * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
2071 * class, or void.
2072 *
2073 * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
2074 * members of this class
2075 * @throws SecurityException
2076 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2077 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2078 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2079 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2080 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2081 * of this class.
2082 *
2083 * @since 1.1
2084 */
2085 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2086 @CallerSensitive
2087 public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
2088 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2089 if (sm != null) {
2090 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2091 }
2092
2093 // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
2094 // something the caller might not have privilege to do. The code here
2095 // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
2096 // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
2097 // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
2098
2099 return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
2100 new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
2101 public Class<?>[] run() {
2102 List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
2103 Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
2104 while (currentClass != null) {
2105 for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
2106 if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
2107 list.add(m);
2108 }
2109 }
2110 currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
2111 }
2112 return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
2113 }
2114 });
2115 }
2116
2117
2118 /**
2119 * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
2120 * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
2121 * this {@code Class} object.
2122 *
2123 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
2124 * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
2125 * 0.
2126 *
2127 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
2128 * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
2129 * superinterfaces.
2130 *
2131 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
2132 * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
2133 * superinterfaces.
2134 *
2135 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2136 * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2137 *
2138 * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2139 * particular order.
2140 *
2141 * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
2142 * public fields
2143 * @throws SecurityException
2144 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2145 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2146 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2147 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2148 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2149 * of this class.
2150 *
2151 * @since 1.1
2152 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2153 * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2154 */
2155 @CallerSensitive
2156 public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
2157 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2158 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2159 if (sm != null) {
2160 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2161 }
2162 return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields());
2163 }
2164
2165
2166 /**
2167 * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2168 * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2169 * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
2170 * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
2171 *
2172 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
2173 * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
2174 * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
2175 * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
2176 *
2177 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
2178 * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
2179 * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2180 * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
2181 * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
2182 * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
2183 *
2184 * <p> The returned array never contains methods with names {@value
2185 * ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME}.
2186 *
2187 * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2188 * particular order.
2189 *
2190 * <p> Generally, the result is computed as with the following 4 step algorithm.
2191 * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2192 * <ol>
2193 * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2194 * <ol type="a">
2195 * <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2196 * {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2197 * methods.</li>
2198 * <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2199 * of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2200 * <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2201 * direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2202 * </ol></li>
2203 * <li> Union from step 1 is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2204 * signature (name, parameter types) and return type.</li>
2205 * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2206 * Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same signature
2207 * and return type. M is most specific if there is no such method
2208 * N != M from the same set, such that N is more specific than M.
2209 * N is more specific than M if:
2210 * <ol type="a">
2211 * <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2212 * <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2213 * N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2214 * (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2215 * M and N are the same method).</li>
2216 * </ol></li>
2217 * <li> The result of this algorithm is the union of all selected methods from
2218 * step 3.</li>
2219 * </ol>
2220 *
2221 * @apiNote There may be more than one method with a particular name
2222 * and parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2223 * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2224 * return types, the Java virtual machine does not. This
2225 * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2226 * implement various language features. For example, covariant
2227 * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2228 * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2229 * method and the overriding method would have the same
2230 * signature but different return types.
2231 *
2232 * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
2233 * public methods of this class
2234 * @throws SecurityException
2235 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2236 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2237 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2238 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2239 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2240 * of this class.
2241 *
2242 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2243 * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2244 * @since 1.1
2245 */
2246 @CallerSensitive
2247 public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
2248 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2249 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2250 if (sm != null) {
2251 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2252 }
2253 return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
2254 }
2255
2256
2257 /**
2258 * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
2259 * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
2260 * {@code Class} object. An array of length 0 is returned if the
2261 * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
2262 * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
2263 *
2264 * @apiNote
2265 * While this method returns an array of {@code
2266 * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
2267 * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
2268 * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
2269 * might be expected. This less informative return type is
2270 * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
2271 * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
2272 * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
2273 * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
2274 *
2275 * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
2276 * public constructors of this class
2277 * @throws SecurityException
2278 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2279 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2280 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2281 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2282 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2283 * of this class.
2284 *
2285 * @see #getDeclaredConstructors()
2286 * @since 1.1
2287 */
2288 @CallerSensitive
2289 public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2290 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2291 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2292 if (sm != null) {
2293 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2294 }
2295 return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
2296 }
2297
2298
2299 /**
2300 * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
2301 * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2302 * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
2303 * simple name of the desired field.
2304 *
2305 * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
2306 * follows. Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2307 *
2308 * <OL>
2309 * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
2310 * field to be reflected.</LI>
2311 * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
2312 * recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
2313 * superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
2314 * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
2315 * superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
2316 * If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
2317 * is thrown.</LI>
2318 * </OL>
2319 *
2320 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2321 * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2322 *
2323 * @param name the field name
2324 * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
2325 * {@code name}
2326 * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2327 * not found.
2328 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2329 * @throws SecurityException
2330 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2331 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2332 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2333 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2334 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2335 * of this class.
2336 *
2337 * @since 1.1
2338 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2339 * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2340 */
2341 @CallerSensitive
2342 public Field getField(String name)
2343 throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2344 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2345 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2346 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2347 if (sm != null) {
2348 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2349 }
2350 Field field = getField0(name);
2351 if (field == null) {
2352 throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2353 }
2354 return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2355 }
2356
2357
2358 /**
2359 * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
2360 * member method of the class or interface represented by this
2361 * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2362 * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
2363 * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
2364 * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
2365 * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
2366 * treated as if it were an empty array.
2367 *
2368 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2369 * method finds any public method inherited by the array type from
2370 * {@code Object} except method {@code clone()}.
2371 *
2372 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then this
2373 * method does not find any implicitly declared method from
2374 * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2375 * this interface or any of its superinterfaces, then this method does not
2376 * find any method.
2377 *
2378 * <p> This method does not find any method with name {@value
2379 * ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME}.
2380 *
2381 * <p> Generally, the method to be reflected is determined by the 4 step
2382 * algorithm that follows.
2383 * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2384 * <ol>
2385 * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2386 * <ol type="a">
2387 * <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2388 * {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2389 * methods that match given {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}</li>
2390 * <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2391 * of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2392 * <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2393 * direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2394 * </ol></li>
2395 * <li> This union is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2396 * return type (the selection of methods from step 1 also guarantees that
2397 * they have the same method name and parameter types).</li>
2398 * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2399 * Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same VM
2400 * signature (return type, name, parameter types).
2401 * M is most specific if there is no such method N != M from the same
2402 * set, such that N is more specific than M. N is more specific than M
2403 * if:
2404 * <ol type="a">
2405 * <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2406 * <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2407 * N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2408 * (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2409 * M and N are the same method).</li>
2410 * </ol></li>
2411 * <li> The result of this algorithm is chosen arbitrarily from the methods
2412 * with most specific return type among all selected methods from step 3.
2413 * Let R be a return type of a method M from the set of all selected methods
2414 * from step 3. M is a method with most specific return type if there is
2415 * no such method N != M from the same set, having return type S != R,
2416 * such that S is a subtype of R as determined by
2417 * R.class.{@link #isAssignableFrom}(S.class).
2418 * </ol>
2419 *
2420 * @apiNote There may be more than one method with matching name and
2421 * parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2422 * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2423 * return types, the Java virtual machine does not. This
2424 * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2425 * implement various language features. For example, covariant
2426 * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2427 * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2428 * method and the overriding method would have the same
2429 * signature but different return types. This method would return the
2430 * overriding method as it would have a more specific return type.
2431 *
2432 * @param name the name of the method
2433 * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
2434 * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
2435 * {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
2436 * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
2437 * or if the name is {@value ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or
2438 * {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME}.
2439 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2440 * @throws SecurityException
2441 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2442 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2443 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2444 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2445 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2446 * of this class.
2447 *
2448 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2449 * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2450 * @since 1.1
2451 */
2452 @CallerSensitive
2453 public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2454 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2455 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2456 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2457 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2458 if (sm != null) {
2459 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2460 }
2461 Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
2462 if (method == null) {
2463 throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2464 }
2465 return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2466 }
2467
2468 /**
2469 * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2470 * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
2471 * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2472 * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
2473 * parameter types, in declared order.
2474 *
2475 * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2476 * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2477 * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2478 *
2479 * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
2480 * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
2481 * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
2482 *
2483 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2484 * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
2485 * matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
2486 * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching constructor is not found,
2487 * including when this {@code Class} object represents
2488 * an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.
2489 * @throws SecurityException
2490 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2491 * the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2492 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2493 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2494 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2495 * of this class.
2496 *
2497 * @see #getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>[])
2498 * @since 1.1
2499 */
2500 @CallerSensitive
2501 public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2502 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2503 {
2504 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2505 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2506 if (sm != null) {
2507 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2508 }
2509 return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2510 getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
2511 }
2512
2513
2514 /**
2515 * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
2516 * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
2517 * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2518 * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
2519 * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces. This method
2520 * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
2521 * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
2522 * primitive type, an array class, or void.
2523 *
2524 * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
2525 * declared members of this class
2526 * @throws SecurityException
2527 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2528 * following conditions is met:
2529 *
2530 * <ul>
2531 *
2532 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2533 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2534 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2535 * s.checkPermission} method with
2536 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2537 * denies access to the declared classes within this class
2538 *
2539 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2540 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2541 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2542 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2543 * of this class
2544 *
2545 * </ul>
2546 *
2547 * @since 1.1
2548 * @jls 8.5 Member Class and Interface Declarations
2549 */
2550 @CallerSensitive
2551 public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
2552 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2553 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2554 if (sm != null) {
2555 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2556 }
2557 return getDeclaredClasses0();
2558 }
2559
2560
2561 /**
2562 * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
2563 * declared by the class or interface represented by this
2564 * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2565 * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
2566 *
2567 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2568 * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2569 *
2570 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2571 * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2572 *
2573 * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2574 * particular order.
2575 *
2576 * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
2577 * declared fields of this class
2578 * @throws SecurityException
2579 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2580 * following conditions is met:
2581 *
2582 * <ul>
2583 *
2584 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2585 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2586 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2587 * s.checkPermission} method with
2588 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2589 * denies access to the declared fields within this class
2590 *
2591 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2592 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2593 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2594 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2595 * of this class
2596 *
2597 * </ul>
2598 *
2599 * @since 1.1
2600 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2601 * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2602 */
2603 @CallerSensitive
2604 public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
2605 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2606 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2607 if (sm != null) {
2608 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2609 }
2610 return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
2611 }
2612
2613 /**
2614 * Returns an array of {@code RecordComponent} objects representing all the
2615 * record components of this record class, or {@code null} if this class is
2616 * not a record class.
2617 *
2618 * <p> The components are returned in the same order that they are declared
2619 * in the record header. The array is empty if this record class has no
2620 * components. If the class is not a record class, that is {@link
2621 * #isRecord()} returns {@code false}, then this method returns {@code null}.
2622 * Conversely, if {@link #isRecord()} returns {@code true}, then this method
2623 * returns a non-null value.
2624 *
2625 * @apiNote
2626 * <p> The following method can be used to find the record canonical constructor:
2627 *
2628 * {@snippet lang="java" :
2629 * static <T extends Record> Constructor<T> getCanonicalConstructor(Class<T> cls)
2630 * throws NoSuchMethodException {
2631 * Class<?>[] paramTypes =
2632 * Arrays.stream(cls.getRecordComponents())
2633 * .map(RecordComponent::getType)
2634 * .toArray(Class<?>[]::new);
2635 * return cls.getDeclaredConstructor(paramTypes);
2636 * }}
2637 *
2638 * @return An array of {@code RecordComponent} objects representing all the
2639 * record components of this record class, or {@code null} if this
2640 * class is not a record class
2641 * @throws SecurityException
2642 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2643 * following conditions is met:
2644 *
2645 * <ul>
2646 *
2647 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2648 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2649 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2650 * s.checkPermission} method with
2651 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2652 * denies access to the declared methods within this class
2653 *
2654 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2655 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2656 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2657 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2658 * of this class
2659 *
2660 * </ul>
2661 *
2662 * @jls 8.10 Record Classes
2663 * @since 16
2664 */
2665 @CallerSensitive
2666 public RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents() {
2667 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2668 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2669 if (sm != null) {
2670 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2671 }
2672 if (!isRecord()) {
2673 return null;
2674 }
2675 return getRecordComponents0();
2676 }
2677
2678 /**
2679 * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2680 * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2681 * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
2682 * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
2683 * The declared methods may include methods <em>not</em> in the
2684 * source of the class or interface, including {@linkplain
2685 * Method#isBridge bridge methods} and other {@linkplain
2686 * Executable#isSynthetic synthetic} methods added by compilers.
2687 *
2688 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that
2689 * has multiple declared methods with the same name and parameter types,
2690 * but different return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method}
2691 * object for each such method.
2692 *
2693 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that
2694 * has a class initialization method {@value ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME},
2695 * then the returned array does <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code
2696 * Method} object.
2697 *
2698 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2699 * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
2700 *
2701 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2702 * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
2703 *
2704 * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2705 * particular order.
2706 *
2707 * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
2708 * declared methods of this class
2709 * @throws SecurityException
2710 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2711 * following conditions is met:
2712 *
2713 * <ul>
2714 *
2715 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2716 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2717 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2718 * s.checkPermission} method with
2719 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2720 * denies access to the declared methods within this class
2721 *
2722 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2723 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2724 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2725 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2726 * of this class
2727 *
2728 * </ul>
2729 *
2730 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2731 * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2732 * @see <a
2733 * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
2734 * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
2735 * @since 1.1
2736 */
2737 @CallerSensitive
2738 public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2739 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2740 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2741 if (sm != null) {
2742 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2743 }
2744 return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2745 }
2746
2747 /**
2748 * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2749 * constructors implicitly or explicitly declared by the class represented by this
2750 * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2751 * (package) access, and private constructors. The elements in the array
2752 * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. If the
2753 * class has a default constructor (JLS {@jls 8.8.9}), it is included in the returned array.
2754 * If a record class has a canonical constructor (JLS {@jls
2755 * 8.10.4.1}, {@jls 8.10.4.2}), it is included in the returned array.
2756 *
2757 * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2758 * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2759 * void.
2760 *
2761 * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2762 * declared constructors of this class
2763 * @throws SecurityException
2764 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2765 * following conditions is met:
2766 *
2767 * <ul>
2768 *
2769 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2770 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2771 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2772 * s.checkPermission} method with
2773 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2774 * denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2775 *
2776 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2777 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2778 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2779 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2780 * of this class
2781 *
2782 * </ul>
2783 *
2784 * @since 1.1
2785 * @see #getConstructors()
2786 * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
2787 */
2788 @CallerSensitive
2789 public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2790 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2791 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2792 if (sm != null) {
2793 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2794 }
2795 return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2796 }
2797
2798
2799 /**
2800 * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2801 * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2802 * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2803 * the simple name of the desired field.
2804 *
2805 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2806 * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2807 *
2808 * @param name the name of the field
2809 * @return the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2810 * class
2811 * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2812 * not found.
2813 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2814 * @throws SecurityException
2815 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2816 * following conditions is met:
2817 *
2818 * <ul>
2819 *
2820 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2821 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2822 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2823 * s.checkPermission} method with
2824 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2825 * denies access to the declared field
2826 *
2827 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2828 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2829 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2830 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2831 * of this class
2832 *
2833 * </ul>
2834 *
2835 * @since 1.1
2836 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2837 * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2838 */
2839 @CallerSensitive
2840 public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2841 throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2842 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2843 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2844 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2845 if (sm != null) {
2846 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2847 }
2848 Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2849 if (field == null) {
2850 throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2851 }
2852 return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2853 }
2854
2855
2856 /**
2857 * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2858 * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2859 * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2860 * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2861 * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2862 * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2863 * types, in declared order. If more than one method with the same
2864 * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2865 * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2866 * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily. If the
2867 * name is {@value ConstantDescs#INIT_NAME} or {@value
2868 * ConstantDescs#CLASS_INIT_NAME} a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2869 * is raised.
2870 *
2871 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2872 * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2873 *
2874 * @param name the name of the method
2875 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2876 * @return the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2877 * matching the specified name and parameters
2878 * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2879 * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2880 * @throws SecurityException
2881 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2882 * following conditions is met:
2883 *
2884 * <ul>
2885 *
2886 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2887 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2888 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2889 * s.checkPermission} method with
2890 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2891 * denies access to the declared method
2892 *
2893 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2894 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2895 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2896 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2897 * of this class
2898 *
2899 * </ul>
2900 *
2901 * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2902 * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2903 * @since 1.1
2904 */
2905 @CallerSensitive
2906 public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2907 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2908 Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2909 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2910 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2911 if (sm != null) {
2912 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2913 }
2914 Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2915 if (method == null) {
2916 throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2917 }
2918 return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2919 }
2920
2921 /**
2922 * Returns the list of {@code Method} objects for the declared public
2923 * methods of this class or interface that have the specified method name
2924 * and parameter types.
2925 *
2926 * @param name the name of the method
2927 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2928 * @return the list of {@code Method} objects for the public methods of
2929 * this class matching the specified name and parameters
2930 */
2931 List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2932 Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
2933 ReflectionFactory factory = getReflectionFactory();
2934 List<Method> result = new ArrayList<>();
2935 for (Method method : methods) {
2936 if (method.getName().equals(name)
2937 && Arrays.equals(
2938 factory.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(method),
2939 parameterTypes)) {
2940 result.add(factory.copyMethod(method));
2941 }
2942 }
2943 return result;
2944 }
2945
2946 /**
2947 * Returns the most specific {@code Method} object of this class, super class or
2948 * interface that have the specified method name and parameter types.
2949 *
2950 * @param publicOnly true if only public methods are examined, otherwise all methods
2951 * @param name the name of the method
2952 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2953 * @return the {@code Method} object for the method found from this class matching
2954 * the specified name and parameters, or null if not found
2955 */
2956 Method findMethod(boolean publicOnly, String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2957 PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, true, publicOnly);
2958 return res == null ? null : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res.getMostSpecific());
2959 }
2960
2961 /**
2962 * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2963 * constructor of the class represented by this
2964 * {@code Class} object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2965 * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2966 * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2967 *
2968 * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2969 * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2970 * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2971 *
2972 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2973 * @return The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2974 * specified parameter list
2975 * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching constructor is not found,
2976 * including when this {@code Class} object represents
2977 * an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.
2978 * @throws SecurityException
2979 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2980 * following conditions is met:
2981 *
2982 * <ul>
2983 *
2984 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2985 * class loader of this class and invocation of
2986 * {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2987 * s.checkPermission} method with
2988 * {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2989 * denies access to the declared constructor
2990 *
2991 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2992 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2993 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2994 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2995 * of this class
2996 *
2997 * </ul>
2998 *
2999 * @see #getConstructor(Class<?>[])
3000 * @since 1.1
3001 */
3002 @CallerSensitive
3003 public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
3004 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
3005 {
3006 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
3007 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3008 if (sm != null) {
3009 checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
3010 }
3011
3012 return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
3013 getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
3014 }
3015
3016 /**
3017 * Finds a resource with a given name.
3018 *
3019 * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
3020 * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
3021 * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
3022 * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
3023 * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
3024 * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
3025 * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
3026 * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
3027 * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
3028 * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
3029 * caller's module.
3030 *
3031 * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
3032 * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
3033 * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class. This method
3034 * delegates to this {@code Class} object's class loader.
3035 * If this {@code Class} object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader,
3036 * the method delegates to {@link ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
3037 *
3038 * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
3039 * given resource name using this algorithm:
3040 *
3041 * <ul>
3042 *
3043 * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
3044 * (<code>'\u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
3045 * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
3046 *
3047 * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
3048 *
3049 * <blockquote>
3050 * {@code modified_package_name/name}
3051 * </blockquote>
3052 *
3053 * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
3054 * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
3055 * (<code>'\u002e'</code>).
3056 *
3057 * </ul>
3058 *
3059 * @param name name of the desired resource
3060 * @return A {@link java.io.InputStream} object; {@code null} if no
3061 * resource with this name is found, the resource is in a package
3062 * that is not {@linkplain Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at
3063 * least the caller module, or access to the resource is denied
3064 * by the security manager.
3065 * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
3066 *
3067 * @see Module#getResourceAsStream(String)
3068 * @since 1.1
3069 */
3070 @CallerSensitive
3071 public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
3072 name = resolveName(name);
3073
3074 Module thisModule = getModule();
3075 if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
3076 // check if resource can be located by caller
3077 if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
3078 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
3079 return null;
3080 }
3081
3082 // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
3083 String mn = thisModule.getName();
3084 ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3085 try {
3086
3087 // special-case built-in class loaders to avoid the
3088 // need for a URL connection
3089 if (cl == null) {
3090 return BootLoader.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
3091 } else if (cl instanceof BuiltinClassLoader bcl) {
3092 return bcl.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
3093 } else {
3094 URL url = cl.findResource(mn, name);
3095 return (url != null) ? url.openStream() : null;
3096 }
3097
3098 } catch (IOException | SecurityException e) {
3099 return null;
3100 }
3101 }
3102
3103 // unnamed module
3104 ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3105 if (cl == null) {
3106 return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
3107 } else {
3108 return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
3109 }
3110 }
3111
3112 /**
3113 * Finds a resource with a given name.
3114 *
3115 * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
3116 * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
3117 * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
3118 * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
3119 * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
3120 * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
3121 * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
3122 * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
3123 * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
3124 * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
3125 * caller's module.
3126 *
3127 * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
3128 * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
3129 * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class. This method
3130 * delegates to this {@code Class} object's class loader.
3131 * If this {@code Class} object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader,
3132 * the method delegates to {@link ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
3133 *
3134 * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
3135 * given resource name using this algorithm:
3136 *
3137 * <ul>
3138 *
3139 * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
3140 * (<code>'\u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
3141 * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
3142 *
3143 * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
3144 *
3145 * <blockquote>
3146 * {@code modified_package_name/name}
3147 * </blockquote>
3148 *
3149 * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
3150 * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
3151 * (<code>'\u002e'</code>).
3152 *
3153 * </ul>
3154 *
3155 * @param name name of the desired resource
3156 * @return A {@link java.net.URL} object; {@code null} if no resource with
3157 * this name is found, the resource cannot be located by a URL, the
3158 * resource is in a package that is not
3159 * {@linkplain Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at least the caller
3160 * module, or access to the resource is denied by the security
3161 * manager.
3162 * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
3163 * @since 1.1
3164 */
3165 @CallerSensitive
3166 public URL getResource(String name) {
3167 name = resolveName(name);
3168
3169 Module thisModule = getModule();
3170 if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
3171 // check if resource can be located by caller
3172 if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
3173 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
3174 return null;
3175 }
3176
3177 // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
3178 String mn = thisModule.getName();
3179 ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3180 try {
3181 if (cl == null) {
3182 return BootLoader.findResource(mn, name);
3183 } else {
3184 return cl.findResource(mn, name);
3185 }
3186 } catch (IOException ioe) {
3187 return null;
3188 }
3189 }
3190
3191 // unnamed module
3192 ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3193 if (cl == null) {
3194 return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
3195 } else {
3196 return cl.getResource(name);
3197 }
3198 }
3199
3200 /**
3201 * Returns true if a resource with the given name can be located by the
3202 * given caller. All resources in a module can be located by code in
3203 * the module. For other callers, then the package needs to be open to
3204 * the caller.
3205 */
3206 private boolean isOpenToCaller(String name, Class<?> caller) {
3207 // assert getModule().isNamed();
3208 Module thisModule = getModule();
3209 Module callerModule = (caller != null) ? caller.getModule() : null;
3210 if (callerModule != thisModule) {
3211 String pn = Resources.toPackageName(name);
3212 if (thisModule.getDescriptor().packages().contains(pn)) {
3213 if (callerModule == null) {
3214 // no caller, return true if the package is open to all modules
3215 return thisModule.isOpen(pn);
3216 }
3217 if (!thisModule.isOpen(pn, callerModule)) {
3218 // package not open to caller
3219 return false;
3220 }
3221 }
3222 }
3223 return true;
3224 }
3225
3226 /**
3227 * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class. If there is a
3228 * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
3229 * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
3230 * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
3231 * ensure it's ok to get the
3232 * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
3233 *
3234 * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
3235 *
3236 * @throws SecurityException
3237 * if a security manager exists and its
3238 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
3239 * getting the ProtectionDomain.
3240 *
3241 * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
3242 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
3243 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
3244 * @since 1.2
3245 */
3246 public ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
3247 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
3248 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3249 if (sm != null) {
3250 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
3251 }
3252 return protectionDomain();
3253 }
3254
3255 /** Holder for the protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
3256 private static class Holder {
3257 private static final ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
3258 static {
3259 Permissions perms = new Permissions();
3260 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
3261 allPermDomain = new ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
3262 }
3263 }
3264
3265 // package-private
3266 ProtectionDomain protectionDomain() {
3267 ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
3268 if (pd == null) {
3269 return Holder.allPermDomain;
3270 } else {
3271 return pd;
3272 }
3273 }
3274
3275 /**
3276 * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
3277 */
3278 private native ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
3279
3280 /*
3281 * Returns the Class object for the named primitive type. Type parameter T
3282 * avoids redundant casts for trusted code.
3283 */
3284 static native <T> Class<T> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
3285
3286 /*
3287 * Check if client is allowed to access members. If access is denied,
3288 * throw a SecurityException.
3289 *
3290 * This method also enforces package access.
3291 *
3292 * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
3293 * control.
3294 *
3295 * <p> NOTE: should only be called if a SecurityManager is installed
3296 */
3297 private void checkMemberAccess(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm, int which,
3298 Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
3299 /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
3300 * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
3301 * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
3302 * permission.
3303 */
3304 final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
3305 if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
3306 final ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3307 if (ccl != cl) {
3308 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
3309 }
3310 }
3311 this.checkPackageAccess(sm, ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
3312 }
3313
3314 /*
3315 * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
3316 * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
3317 * throw a SecurityException.
3318 *
3319 * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
3320 */
3321 private void checkPackageAccess(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm, final ClassLoader ccl,
3322 boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
3323 final ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3324
3325 if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
3326 String pkg = this.getPackageName();
3327 if (!pkg.isEmpty()) {
3328 // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
3329 if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
3330 sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
3331 }
3332 }
3333 }
3334 // check package access on the proxy interfaces
3335 if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
3336 ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false));
3337 }
3338 }
3339
3340 /*
3341 * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access the provided
3342 * classes under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
3343 * throw a SecurityException.
3344 *
3345 * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
3346 * classes must be non-empty
3347 * all classes provided must be loaded by the same ClassLoader
3348 * NOTE: this method does not support Proxy classes
3349 */
3350 private static void checkPackageAccessForPermittedSubclasses(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm,
3351 final ClassLoader ccl, Class<?>[] subClasses) {
3352 final ClassLoader cl = subClasses[0].classLoader;
3353
3354 if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
3355 Set<String> packages = new HashSet<>();
3356
3357 for (Class<?> c : subClasses) {
3358 if (Proxy.isProxyClass(c))
3359 throw new InternalError("a permitted subclass should not be a proxy class: " + c);
3360 String pkg = c.getPackageName();
3361 if (!pkg.isEmpty()) {
3362 packages.add(pkg);
3363 }
3364 }
3365 for (String pkg : packages) {
3366 sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
3367 }
3368 }
3369 }
3370
3371 /**
3372 * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute. Remove leading "/"
3373 * if name is absolute
3374 */
3375 private String resolveName(String name) {
3376 if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
3377 String baseName = getPackageName();
3378 if (!baseName.isEmpty()) {
3379 int len = baseName.length() + 1 + name.length();
3380 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(len);
3381 name = sb.append(baseName.replace('.', '/'))
3382 .append('/')
3383 .append(name)
3384 .toString();
3385 }
3386 } else {
3387 name = name.substring(1);
3388 }
3389 return name;
3390 }
3391
3392 /**
3393 * Atomic operations support.
3394 */
3395 private static class Atomic {
3396 // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
3397 // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
3398 private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
3399 // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
3400 private static final long reflectionDataOffset
3401 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "reflectionData");
3402 // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
3403 private static final long annotationTypeOffset
3404 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationType");
3405 // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
3406 private static final long annotationDataOffset
3407 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationData");
3408
3409 static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
3410 SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
3411 SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
3412 return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
3413 }
3414
3415 static boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
3416 AnnotationType oldType,
3417 AnnotationType newType) {
3418 return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
3419 }
3420
3421 static boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
3422 AnnotationData oldData,
3423 AnnotationData newData) {
3424 return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
3425 }
3426 }
3427
3428 /**
3429 * Reflection support.
3430 */
3431
3432 // Reflection data caches various derived names and reflective members. Cached
3433 // values may be invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3434 private static class ReflectionData<T> {
3435 volatile Field[] declaredFields;
3436 volatile Field[] publicFields;
3437 volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
3438 volatile Method[] publicMethods;
3439 volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
3440 volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
3441 // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
3442 volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
3443 volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
3444 volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
3445
3446 // Cached names
3447 String simpleName;
3448 String canonicalName;
3449 static final String NULL_SENTINEL = new String();
3450
3451 // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
3452 final int redefinedCount;
3453
3454 ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
3455 this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3456 }
3457 }
3458
3459 private transient volatile SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
3460
3461 // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
3462 // that redefines this class or a superclass.
3463 private transient volatile int classRedefinedCount;
3464
3465 // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
3466 private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
3467 SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3468 int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3469 ReflectionData<T> rd;
3470 if (reflectionData != null &&
3471 (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
3472 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3473 return rd;
3474 }
3475 // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
3476 // -> create and replace new instance
3477 return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
3478 }
3479
3480 private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
3481 int classRedefinedCount) {
3482 while (true) {
3483 ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
3484 // try to CAS it...
3485 if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
3486 return rd;
3487 }
3488 // else retry
3489 oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3490 classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3491 if (oldReflectionData != null &&
3492 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
3493 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3494 return rd;
3495 }
3496 }
3497 }
3498
3499 // Generic signature handling
3500 private native String getGenericSignature0();
3501
3502 // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
3503 private transient volatile ClassRepository genericInfo;
3504
3505 // accessor for factory
3506 private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
3507 // create scope and factory
3508 return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
3509 }
3510
3511 // accessor for generic info repository;
3512 // generic info is lazily initialized
3513 private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
3514 ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
3515 if (genericInfo == null) {
3516 String signature = getGenericSignature0();
3517 if (signature == null) {
3518 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
3519 } else {
3520 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
3521 }
3522 this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
3523 }
3524 return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
3525 }
3526
3527 // Annotations handling
3528 native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
3529 // Since 1.8
3530 native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
3531 static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
3532 return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
3533 }
3534
3535 native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
3536
3537 //
3538 //
3539 // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
3540 //
3541 //
3542
3543 // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3544 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3545 // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3546 private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
3547 Field[] res;
3548 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3549 if (rd != null) {
3550 res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
3551 if (res != null) return res;
3552 }
3553 // No cached value available; request value from VM
3554 res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
3555 if (rd != null) {
3556 if (publicOnly) {
3557 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
3558 } else {
3559 rd.declaredFields = res;
3560 }
3561 }
3562 return res;
3563 }
3564
3565 // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3566 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3567 // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3568 private Field[] privateGetPublicFields() {
3569 Field[] res;
3570 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3571 if (rd != null) {
3572 res = rd.publicFields;
3573 if (res != null) return res;
3574 }
3575
3576 // Use a linked hash set to ensure order is preserved and
3577 // fields from common super interfaces are not duplicated
3578 LinkedHashSet<Field> fields = new LinkedHashSet<>();
3579
3580 // Local fields
3581 addAll(fields, privateGetDeclaredFields(true));
3582
3583 // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3584 for (Class<?> si : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3585 addAll(fields, si.privateGetPublicFields());
3586 }
3587
3588 // Direct superclass, recursively
3589 Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3590 if (sc != null) {
3591 addAll(fields, sc.privateGetPublicFields());
3592 }
3593
3594 res = fields.toArray(new Field[0]);
3595 if (rd != null) {
3596 rd.publicFields = res;
3597 }
3598 return res;
3599 }
3600
3601 private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
3602 for (Field f : o) {
3603 c.add(f);
3604 }
3605 }
3606
3607
3608 //
3609 //
3610 // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
3611 //
3612 //
3613
3614 // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
3615 // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
3616 // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3617 private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
3618 Constructor<T>[] res;
3619 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3620 if (rd != null) {
3621 res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
3622 if (res != null) return res;
3623 }
3624 // No cached value available; request value from VM
3625 if (isInterface()) {
3626 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3627 Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
3628 res = temporaryRes;
3629 } else {
3630 res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
3631 }
3632 if (rd != null) {
3633 if (publicOnly) {
3634 rd.publicConstructors = res;
3635 } else {
3636 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
3637 }
3638 }
3639 return res;
3640 }
3641
3642 //
3643 //
3644 // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
3645 //
3646 //
3647
3648 // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3649 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3650 // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3651 private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
3652 Method[] res;
3653 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3654 if (rd != null) {
3655 res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
3656 if (res != null) return res;
3657 }
3658 // No cached value available; request value from VM
3659 res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
3660 if (rd != null) {
3661 if (publicOnly) {
3662 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
3663 } else {
3664 rd.declaredMethods = res;
3665 }
3666 }
3667 return res;
3668 }
3669
3670 // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3671 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3672 // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3673 private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
3674 Method[] res;
3675 ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3676 if (rd != null) {
3677 res = rd.publicMethods;
3678 if (res != null) return res;
3679 }
3680
3681 // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
3682 // Start by fetching public declared methods...
3683 PublicMethods pms = new PublicMethods();
3684 for (Method m : privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true)) {
3685 pms.merge(m);
3686 }
3687 // ...then recur over superclass methods...
3688 Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3689 if (sc != null) {
3690 for (Method m : sc.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3691 pms.merge(m);
3692 }
3693 }
3694 // ...and finally over direct superinterfaces.
3695 for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3696 for (Method m : intf.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3697 // static interface methods are not inherited
3698 if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
3699 pms.merge(m);
3700 }
3701 }
3702 }
3703
3704 res = pms.toArray();
3705 if (rd != null) {
3706 rd.publicMethods = res;
3707 }
3708 return res;
3709 }
3710
3711
3712 //
3713 // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
3714 //
3715
3716 // This method does not copy the returned Field object!
3717 private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
3718 for (Field field : fields) {
3719 if (field.getName().equals(name)) {
3720 return field;
3721 }
3722 }
3723 return null;
3724 }
3725
3726 // Returns a "root" Field object. This Field object must NOT
3727 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3728 // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3729 private Field getField0(String name) {
3730 // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3731 // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3732 // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
3733 // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
3734 // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
3735 // case where the field being requested is declared in the
3736 // class which is being queried.
3737 Field res;
3738 // Search declared public fields
3739 if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
3740 return res;
3741 }
3742 // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3743 Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false);
3744 for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
3745 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3746 return res;
3747 }
3748 }
3749 // Direct superclass, recursively
3750 if (!isInterface()) {
3751 Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3752 if (c != null) {
3753 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3754 return res;
3755 }
3756 }
3757 }
3758 return null;
3759 }
3760
3761 // This method does not copy the returned Method object!
3762 private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
3763 String name,
3764 Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
3765 {
3766 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3767 Method res = null;
3768 for (Method m : methods) {
3769 if (m.getName().equals(name)
3770 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3771 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))
3772 && (res == null
3773 || (res.getReturnType() != m.getReturnType()
3774 && res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType()))))
3775 res = m;
3776 }
3777 return res;
3778 }
3779
3780 private static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class<?>[0];
3781
3782 // Returns a "root" Method object. This Method object must NOT
3783 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3784 // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3785 private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
3786 PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(
3787 name,
3788 parameterTypes == null ? EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY : parameterTypes,
3789 /* includeStatic */ true, /* publicOnly */ true);
3790 return res == null ? null : res.getMostSpecific();
3791 }
3792
3793 // Returns a list of "root" Method objects. These Method objects must NOT
3794 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3795 // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3796 private PublicMethods.MethodList getMethodsRecursive(String name,
3797 Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3798 boolean includeStatic,
3799 boolean publicOnly) {
3800 // 1st check declared methods
3801 Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(publicOnly);
3802 PublicMethods.MethodList res = PublicMethods.MethodList
3803 .filter(methods, name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3804 // if there is at least one match among declared methods, we need not
3805 // search any further as such match surely overrides matching methods
3806 // declared in superclass(es) or interface(s).
3807 if (res != null) {
3808 return res;
3809 }
3810
3811 // if there was no match among declared methods,
3812 // we must consult the superclass (if any) recursively...
3813 Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3814 if (sc != null) {
3815 res = sc.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStatic, publicOnly);
3816 }
3817
3818 // ...and coalesce the superclass methods with methods obtained
3819 // from directly implemented interfaces excluding static methods...
3820 for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3821 res = PublicMethods.MethodList.merge(
3822 res, intf.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, /* includeStatic */ false, publicOnly));
3823 }
3824
3825 return res;
3826 }
3827
3828 // Returns a "root" Constructor object. This Constructor object must NOT
3829 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3830 // via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3831 private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3832 int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
3833 {
3834 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3835 Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
3836 for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
3837 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3838 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(constructor))) {
3839 return constructor;
3840 }
3841 }
3842 throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString("<init>", parameterTypes));
3843 }
3844
3845 //
3846 // Other helpers and base implementation
3847 //
3848
3849 private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
3850 if (a1 == null) {
3851 return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
3852 }
3853
3854 if (a2 == null) {
3855 return a1.length == 0;
3856 }
3857
3858 if (a1.length != a2.length) {
3859 return false;
3860 }
3861
3862 for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
3863 if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
3864 return false;
3865 }
3866 }
3867
3868 return true;
3869 }
3870
3871 private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3872 Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3873 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3874 for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3875 out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3876 }
3877 return out;
3878 }
3879
3880 private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3881 Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3882 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3883 for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3884 out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3885 }
3886 return out;
3887 }
3888
3889 private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3890 Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3891 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3892 for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3893 out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3894 }
3895 return out;
3896 }
3897
3898 private native Field[] getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3899 private native Method[] getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3900 private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3901 private native Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses0();
3902
3903 /*
3904 * Returns an array containing the components of the Record attribute,
3905 * or null if the attribute is not present.
3906 *
3907 * Note that this method returns non-null array on a class with
3908 * the Record attribute even if this class is not a record.
3909 */
3910 private native RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents0();
3911 private native boolean isRecord0();
3912
3913 /**
3914 * Helper method to get the method name from arguments.
3915 */
3916 private String methodToString(String name, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3917 return getName() + '.' + name +
3918 ((argTypes == null || argTypes.length == 0) ?
3919 "()" :
3920 Arrays.stream(argTypes)
3921 .map(c -> c == null ? "null" : c.getName())
3922 .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")));
3923 }
3924
3925 /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3926 @java.io.Serial
3927 private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3928
3929
3930 /**
3931 * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3932 *
3933 * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3934 * following format:
3935 * <pre>
3936 * {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3937 * A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3938 * a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3939 * </pre>
3940 * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3941 * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3942 * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3943 *
3944 * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3945 */
3946 @java.io.Serial
3947 private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3948 new ObjectStreamField[0];
3949
3950
3951 /**
3952 * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3953 * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3954 * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3955 * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3956 * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3957 * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3958 * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3959 * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3960 * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3961 *
3962 * @apiNote
3963 * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3964 * for the benefit of the JDK itself. (It allows a class to determine at
3965 * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3966 * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3967 * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3968 * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3969 *
3970 * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3971 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3972 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3973 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3974 * @since 1.4
3975 */
3976 public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3977 ClassLoader loader = classLoader;
3978 // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3979 if (loader == null)
3980 return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3981
3982 // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
3983 // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
3984 synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
3985 if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
3986 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
3987 }
3988 }
3989 return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3990 }
3991
3992 // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
3993 private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
3994
3995 /**
3996 * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3997 * source code.
3998 *
3999 * Note that {@link java.lang.Enum} is not itself an enum class.
4000 *
4001 * Also note that if an enum constant is declared with a class body,
4002 * the class of that enum constant object is an anonymous class
4003 * and <em>not</em> the class of the declaring enum class. The
4004 * {@link Enum#getDeclaringClass} method of an enum constant can
4005 * be used to get the class of the enum class declaring the
4006 * constant.
4007 *
4008 * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
4009 * source code
4010 * @since 1.5
4011 * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
4012 */
4013 public boolean isEnum() {
4014 // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
4015 // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
4016 // don't do the former.
4017 return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
4018 this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
4019 }
4020
4021 /**
4022 * Returns {@code true} if and only if this class is a record class.
4023 *
4024 * <p> The {@linkplain #getSuperclass() direct superclass} of a record
4025 * class is {@code java.lang.Record}. A record class is {@linkplain
4026 * Modifier#FINAL final}. A record class has (possibly zero) record
4027 * components; {@link #getRecordComponents()} returns a non-null but
4028 * possibly empty value for a record.
4029 *
4030 * <p> Note that class {@link Record} is not a record class and thus
4031 * invoking this method on class {@code Record} returns {@code false}.
4032 *
4033 * @return true if and only if this class is a record class, otherwise false
4034 * @jls 8.10 Record Classes
4035 * @since 16
4036 */
4037 public boolean isRecord() {
4038 // this superclass and final modifier check is not strictly necessary
4039 // they are intrinsified and serve as a fast-path check
4040 return getSuperclass() == java.lang.Record.class &&
4041 (this.getModifiers() & Modifier.FINAL) != 0 &&
4042 isRecord0();
4043 }
4044
4045 // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
4046 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4047 private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
4048 var factory = reflectionFactory;
4049 if (factory != null) {
4050 return factory;
4051 }
4052 return reflectionFactory =
4053 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
4054 (new ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
4055 }
4056 private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
4057
4058 /**
4059 * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
4060 * Class object does not represent an enum class.
4061 *
4062 * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
4063 * represented by this {@code Class} object in the order they're
4064 * declared, or null if this {@code Class} object does not
4065 * represent an enum class
4066 * @since 1.5
4067 * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
4068 */
4069 public T[] getEnumConstants() {
4070 T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
4071 return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
4072 }
4073
4074 /**
4075 * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
4076 * Class object does not represent an enum class;
4077 * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
4078 * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
4079 */
4080 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4081 T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
4082 T[] constants = enumConstants;
4083 if (constants == null) {
4084 if (!isEnum()) return null;
4085 try {
4086 final Method values = getMethod("values");
4087 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
4088 new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
4089 public Void run() {
4090 values.setAccessible(true);
4091 return null;
4092 }
4093 });
4094 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4095 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
4096 enumConstants = constants = temporaryConstants;
4097 }
4098 // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
4099 // that don't comply with the enum spec.
4100 catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
4101 IllegalAccessException | NullPointerException |
4102 ClassCastException ex) { return null; }
4103 }
4104 return constants;
4105 }
4106 private transient volatile T[] enumConstants;
4107
4108 /**
4109 * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant. This package-private
4110 * method is used internally by Enum to implement
4111 * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
4112 * efficiently. Note that the map is returned by this method is
4113 * created lazily on first use. Typically it won't ever get created.
4114 */
4115 Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
4116 Map<String, T> directory = enumConstantDirectory;
4117 if (directory == null) {
4118 T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
4119 if (universe == null)
4120 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
4121 getName() + " is not an enum class");
4122 directory = HashMap.newHashMap(universe.length);
4123 for (T constant : universe) {
4124 directory.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
4125 }
4126 enumConstantDirectory = directory;
4127 }
4128 return directory;
4129 }
4130 private transient volatile Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory;
4131
4132 /**
4133 * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
4134 * by this {@code Class} object.
4135 *
4136 * @param obj the object to be cast
4137 * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
4138 *
4139 * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
4140 * null and is not assignable to the type T.
4141 *
4142 * @since 1.5
4143 */
4144 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4145 @IntrinsicCandidate
4146 public T cast(Object obj) {
4147 if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
4148 throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
4149 return (T) obj;
4150 }
4151
4152 private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
4153 return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
4154 }
4155
4156 /**
4157 * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
4158 * represented by the specified class object. Checks that the cast
4159 * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not. If
4160 * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this {@code Class} object.
4161 *
4162 * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
4163 * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
4164 * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept. A cast would
4165 * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
4166 * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
4167 * by erasure).
4168 *
4169 * @param <U> the type to cast this {@code Class} object to
4170 * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this {@code Class} object to
4171 * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
4172 * the specified class object.
4173 * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
4174 * represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
4175 * the class itself).
4176 * @since 1.5
4177 */
4178 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4179 public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
4180 if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
4181 return (Class<? extends U>) this;
4182 else
4183 throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
4184 }
4185
4186 /**
4187 * {@inheritDoc}
4188 * <p>Note that any annotation returned by this method is a
4189 * declaration annotation.
4190 *
4191 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4192 * @since 1.5
4193 */
4194 @Override
4195 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4196 public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4197 Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4198
4199 return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
4200 }
4201
4202 /**
4203 * {@inheritDoc}
4204 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4205 * @since 1.5
4206 */
4207 @Override
4208 public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
4209 return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
4210 }
4211
4212 /**
4213 * {@inheritDoc}
4214 * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4215 * declaration annotations.
4216 *
4217 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4218 * @since 1.8
4219 */
4220 @Override
4221 public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4222 Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4223
4224 AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
4225 return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
4226 this,
4227 annotationClass);
4228 }
4229
4230 /**
4231 * {@inheritDoc}
4232 * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4233 * declaration annotations.
4234 *
4235 * @since 1.5
4236 */
4237 @Override
4238 public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
4239 return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
4240 }
4241
4242 /**
4243 * {@inheritDoc}
4244 * <p>Note that any annotation returned by this method is a
4245 * declaration annotation.
4246 *
4247 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4248 * @since 1.8
4249 */
4250 @Override
4251 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4252 public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4253 Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4254
4255 return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
4256 }
4257
4258 /**
4259 * {@inheritDoc}
4260 * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4261 * declaration annotations.
4262 *
4263 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4264 * @since 1.8
4265 */
4266 @Override
4267 public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4268 Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4269
4270 return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
4271 annotationClass);
4272 }
4273
4274 /**
4275 * {@inheritDoc}
4276 * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4277 * declaration annotations.
4278 *
4279 * @since 1.5
4280 */
4281 @Override
4282 public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() {
4283 return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
4284 }
4285
4286 // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
4287 private static class AnnotationData {
4288 final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
4289 final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
4290
4291 // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
4292 final int redefinedCount;
4293
4294 AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
4295 Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
4296 int redefinedCount) {
4297 this.annotations = annotations;
4298 this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
4299 this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
4300 }
4301 }
4302
4303 // Annotations cache
4304 @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
4305 private transient volatile AnnotationData annotationData;
4306
4307 private AnnotationData annotationData() {
4308 while (true) { // retry loop
4309 AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
4310 int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
4311 if (annotationData != null &&
4312 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
4313 return annotationData;
4314 }
4315 // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
4316 AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
4317 // try to install it
4318 if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
4319 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
4320 return newAnnotationData;
4321 }
4322 }
4323 }
4324
4325 private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
4326 Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
4327 AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4328 Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
4329 Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
4330 if (superClass != null) {
4331 Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
4332 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
4333 for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
4334 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
4335 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
4336 if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
4337 annotations = LinkedHashMap.newLinkedHashMap(Math.max(
4338 declaredAnnotations.size(),
4339 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
4340 )
4341 );
4342 }
4343 annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
4344 }
4345 }
4346 }
4347 if (annotations == null) {
4348 // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
4349 annotations = declaredAnnotations;
4350 } else {
4351 // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
4352 annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
4353 }
4354 return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
4355 }
4356
4357 // Annotation interfaces cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
4358
4359 @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
4360 private transient volatile AnnotationType annotationType;
4361
4362 boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
4363 return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
4364 }
4365
4366 AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
4367 return annotationType;
4368 }
4369
4370 Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
4371 return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
4372 }
4373
4374 /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
4375 * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
4376 */
4377 transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
4378
4379 /**
4380 * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
4381 * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
4382 * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
4383 * in '... extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of class
4384 * Foo.)
4385 *
4386 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class whose declaration
4387 * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
4388 * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
4389 * annotations.
4390 *
4391 * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
4392 * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
4393 * value is {@code null}.
4394 *
4395 * @return an object representing the superclass
4396 * @since 1.8
4397 */
4398 public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
4399 if (this == Object.class ||
4400 isInterface() ||
4401 isArray() ||
4402 isPrimitive() ||
4403 this == Void.TYPE) {
4404 return null;
4405 }
4406
4407 return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4408 }
4409
4410 /**
4411 * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
4412 * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
4413 * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
4414 * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
4415 * <em>declaration</em> of interface Foo.)
4416 *
4417 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
4418 * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
4419 * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
4420 * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
4421 * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
4422 *
4423 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
4424 * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
4425 * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
4426 * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
4427 * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
4428 * {@code Class} object.
4429 *
4430 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
4431 * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
4432 * the return value is an array of length 0.
4433 *
4434 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
4435 * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
4436 * array of length 0.
4437 *
4438 * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
4439 * @since 1.8
4440 */
4441 public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
4442 return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4443 }
4444
4445 private native Class<?> getNestHost0();
4446
4447 /**
4448 * Returns the nest host of the <a href=#nest>nest</a> to which the class
4449 * or interface represented by this {@code Class} object belongs.
4450 * Every class and interface belongs to exactly one nest.
4451 *
4452 * If the nest host of this class or interface has previously
4453 * been determined, then this method returns the nest host.
4454 * If the nest host of this class or interface has
4455 * not previously been determined, then this method determines the nest
4456 * host using the algorithm of JVMS 5.4.4, and returns it.
4457 *
4458 * Often, a class or interface belongs to a nest consisting only of itself,
4459 * in which case this method returns {@code this} to indicate that the class
4460 * or interface is the nest host.
4461 *
4462 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array type,
4463 * or {@code void}, then this method returns {@code this},
4464 * indicating that the represented entity belongs to the nest consisting only of
4465 * itself, and is the nest host.
4466 *
4467 * @return the nest host of this class or interface
4468 *
4469 * @throws SecurityException
4470 * If the returned class is not the current class, and
4471 * if a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4472 * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4473 * loader for the returned class and invocation of {@link
4474 * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4475 * denies access to the package of the returned class
4476 * @since 11
4477 * @jvms 4.7.28 The {@code NestHost} Attribute
4478 * @jvms 4.7.29 The {@code NestMembers} Attribute
4479 * @jvms 5.4.4 Access Control
4480 */
4481 @CallerSensitive
4482 public Class<?> getNestHost() {
4483 if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
4484 return this;
4485 }
4486
4487 Class<?> host = getNestHost0();
4488 if (host == this) {
4489 return this;
4490 }
4491 // returning a different class requires a security check
4492 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4493 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4494 if (sm != null) {
4495 checkPackageAccess(sm,
4496 ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
4497 }
4498 return host;
4499 }
4500
4501 /**
4502 * Determines if the given {@code Class} is a nestmate of the
4503 * class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
4504 * Two classes or interfaces are nestmates
4505 * if they have the same {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host}.
4506 *
4507 * @param c the class to check
4508 * @return {@code true} if this class and {@code c} are members of
4509 * the same nest; and {@code false} otherwise.
4510 *
4511 * @since 11
4512 */
4513 public boolean isNestmateOf(Class<?> c) {
4514 if (this == c) {
4515 return true;
4516 }
4517 if (isPrimitive() || isArray() ||
4518 c.isPrimitive() || c.isArray()) {
4519 return false;
4520 }
4521
4522 return getNestHost() == c.getNestHost();
4523 }
4524
4525 private native Class<?>[] getNestMembers0();
4526
4527 /**
4528 * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all the
4529 * classes and interfaces that are members of the nest to which the class
4530 * or interface represented by this {@code Class} object belongs.
4531 *
4532 * First, this method obtains the {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host},
4533 * {@code H}, of the nest to which the class or interface represented by
4534 * this {@code Class} object belongs. The zeroth element of the returned
4535 * array is {@code H}.
4536 *
4537 * Then, for each class or interface {@code C} which is recorded by {@code H}
4538 * as being a member of its nest, this method attempts to obtain the {@code Class}
4539 * object for {@code C} (using {@linkplain #getClassLoader() the defining class
4540 * loader} of the current {@code Class} object), and then obtains the
4541 * {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host} of the nest to which {@code C} belongs.
4542 * The classes and interfaces which are recorded by {@code H} as being members
4543 * of its nest, and for which {@code H} can be determined as their nest host,
4544 * are indicated by subsequent elements of the returned array. The order of
4545 * such elements is unspecified. Duplicates are permitted.
4546 *
4547 * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array type,
4548 * or {@code void}, then this method returns a single-element array containing
4549 * {@code this}.
4550 *
4551 * @apiNote
4552 * The returned array includes only the nest members recorded in the {@code NestMembers}
4553 * attribute, and not any hidden classes that were added to the nest via
4554 * {@link MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
4555 * Lookup::defineHiddenClass}.
4556 *
4557 * @return an array of all classes and interfaces in the same nest as
4558 * this class or interface
4559 *
4560 * @throws SecurityException
4561 * If any returned class is not the current class, and
4562 * if a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4563 * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4564 * loader for that returned class and invocation of {@link
4565 * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4566 * denies access to the package of that returned class
4567 *
4568 * @since 11
4569 * @see #getNestHost()
4570 * @jvms 4.7.28 The {@code NestHost} Attribute
4571 * @jvms 4.7.29 The {@code NestMembers} Attribute
4572 */
4573 @CallerSensitive
4574 public Class<?>[] getNestMembers() {
4575 if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
4576 return new Class<?>[] { this };
4577 }
4578 Class<?>[] members = getNestMembers0();
4579 // Can't actually enable this due to bootstrapping issues
4580 // assert(members.length != 1 || members[0] == this); // expected invariant from VM
4581
4582 if (members.length > 1) {
4583 // If we return anything other than the current class we need
4584 // a security check
4585 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4586 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4587 if (sm != null) {
4588 checkPackageAccess(sm,
4589 ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
4590 }
4591 }
4592 return members;
4593 }
4594
4595 /**
4596 * Returns the descriptor string of the entity (class, interface, array class,
4597 * primitive type, or {@code void}) represented by this {@code Class} object.
4598 *
4599 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface,
4600 * not an array class, then:
4601 * <ul>
4602 * <li> If the class or interface is not {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden},
4603 * then the result is a field descriptor (JVMS {@jvms 4.3.2})
4604 * for the class or interface. Calling
4605 * {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}
4606 * with the result descriptor string produces a {@link ClassDesc ClassDesc}
4607 * describing this class or interface.
4608 * <li> If the class or interface is {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden},
4609 * then the result is a string of the form:
4610 * <blockquote>
4611 * {@code "L" +} <em>N</em> {@code + "." + <suffix> + ";"}
4612 * </blockquote>
4613 * where <em>N</em> is the {@linkplain ClassLoader##binary-name binary name}
4614 * encoded in internal form indicated by the {@code class} file passed to
4615 * {@link MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
4616 * Lookup::defineHiddenClass}, and {@code <suffix>} is an unqualified name.
4617 * A hidden class or interface has no {@linkplain ClassDesc nominal descriptor}.
4618 * The result string is not a type descriptor.
4619 * </ul>
4620 *
4621 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array class, then
4622 * the result is a string consisting of one or more '{@code [}' characters
4623 * representing the depth of the array nesting, followed by the
4624 * descriptor string of the element type.
4625 * <ul>
4626 * <li> If the element type is not a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden} class
4627 * or interface, then this array class can be described nominally.
4628 * Calling {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}
4629 * with the result descriptor string produces a {@link ClassDesc ClassDesc}
4630 * describing this array class.
4631 * <li> If the element type is a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden} class or
4632 * interface, then this array class cannot be described nominally.
4633 * The result string is not a type descriptor.
4634 * </ul>
4635 *
4636 * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
4637 * {@code void}, then the result is a field descriptor string which
4638 * is a one-letter code corresponding to a primitive type or {@code void}
4639 * ({@code "B", "C", "D", "F", "I", "J", "S", "Z", "V"}) (JVMS {@jvms 4.3.2}).
4640 *
4641 * @return the descriptor string for this {@code Class} object
4642 * @jvms 4.3.2 Field Descriptors
4643 * @since 12
4644 */
4645 @Override
4646 public String descriptorString() {
4647 if (isPrimitive())
4648 return Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(this).basicTypeString();
4649
4650 if (isArray()) {
4651 return "[".concat(componentType.descriptorString());
4652 } else if (isHidden()) {
4653 String name = getName();
4654 int index = name.indexOf('/');
4655 return new StringBuilder(name.length() + 2)
4656 .append('L')
4657 .append(name.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/'))
4658 .append('.')
4659 .append(name, index + 1, name.length())
4660 .append(';')
4661 .toString();
4662 } else {
4663 String name = getName().replace('.', '/');
4664 return StringConcatHelper.concat("L", name, ";");
4665 }
4666 }
4667
4668 /**
4669 * Returns the component type of this {@code Class}, if it describes
4670 * an array type, or {@code null} otherwise.
4671 *
4672 * @implSpec
4673 * Equivalent to {@link Class#getComponentType()}.
4674 *
4675 * @return a {@code Class} describing the component type, or {@code null}
4676 * if this {@code Class} does not describe an array type
4677 * @since 12
4678 */
4679 @Override
4680 public Class<?> componentType() {
4681 return isArray() ? componentType : null;
4682 }
4683
4684 /**
4685 * Returns a {@code Class} for an array type whose component type
4686 * is described by this {@linkplain Class}.
4687 *
4688 * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this component type is {@linkplain
4689 * Void#TYPE void} or if the number of dimensions of the resulting array
4690 * type would exceed 255.
4691 * @return a {@code Class} describing the array type
4692 * @jvms 4.3.2 Field Descriptors
4693 * @jvms 4.4.1 The {@code CONSTANT_Class_info} Structure
4694 * @since 12
4695 */
4696 @Override
4697 public Class<?> arrayType() {
4698 try {
4699 return Array.newInstance(this, 0).getClass();
4700 } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
4701 throw new UnsupportedOperationException(iae);
4702 }
4703 }
4704
4705 /**
4706 * Returns a nominal descriptor for this instance, if one can be
4707 * constructed, or an empty {@link Optional} if one cannot be.
4708 *
4709 * @return An {@link Optional} containing the resulting nominal descriptor,
4710 * or an empty {@link Optional} if one cannot be constructed.
4711 * @since 12
4712 */
4713 @Override
4714 public Optional<ClassDesc> describeConstable() {
4715 Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4716 return c.isHidden() ? Optional.empty()
4717 : Optional.of(ConstantUtils.classDesc(this));
4718 }
4719
4720 /**
4721 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class is a hidden class.
4722 *
4723 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a hidden class.
4724 *
4725 * @since 15
4726 * @see MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass
4727 * @see Class##hiddenClasses Hidden Classes
4728 */
4729 @IntrinsicCandidate
4730 public native boolean isHidden();
4731
4732 /**
4733 * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing the
4734 * direct subinterfaces or subclasses permitted to extend or
4735 * implement this class or interface if it is sealed. The order of such elements
4736 * is unspecified. The array is empty if this sealed class or interface has no
4737 * permitted subclass. If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type,
4738 * {@code void}, an array type, or a class or interface that is not sealed,
4739 * that is {@link #isSealed()} returns {@code false}, then this method returns {@code null}.
4740 * Conversely, if {@link #isSealed()} returns {@code true}, then this method
4741 * returns a non-null value.
4742 *
4743 * For each class or interface {@code C} which is recorded as a permitted
4744 * direct subinterface or subclass of this class or interface,
4745 * this method attempts to obtain the {@code Class}
4746 * object for {@code C} (using {@linkplain #getClassLoader() the defining class
4747 * loader} of the current {@code Class} object).
4748 * The {@code Class} objects which can be obtained and which are direct
4749 * subinterfaces or subclasses of this class or interface,
4750 * are indicated by elements of the returned array. If a {@code Class} object
4751 * cannot be obtained, it is silently ignored, and not included in the result
4752 * array.
4753 *
4754 * @return an array of {@code Class} objects of the permitted subclasses of this class or interface,
4755 * or {@code null} if this class or interface is not sealed.
4756 *
4757 * @throws SecurityException
4758 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4759 * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4760 * loader for that returned class and invocation of {@link
4761 * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4762 * denies access to the package of any class in the returned array.
4763 *
4764 * @jls 8.1 Class Declarations
4765 * @jls 9.1 Interface Declarations
4766 * @since 17
4767 */
4768 @CallerSensitive
4769 public Class<?>[] getPermittedSubclasses() {
4770 Class<?>[] subClasses;
4771 if (isArray() || isPrimitive() || (subClasses = getPermittedSubclasses0()) == null) {
4772 return null;
4773 }
4774 if (subClasses.length > 0) {
4775 if (Arrays.stream(subClasses).anyMatch(c -> !isDirectSubType(c))) {
4776 subClasses = Arrays.stream(subClasses)
4777 .filter(this::isDirectSubType)
4778 .toArray(s -> new Class<?>[s]);
4779 }
4780 }
4781 if (subClasses.length > 0) {
4782 // If we return some classes we need a security check:
4783 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4784 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4785 if (sm != null) {
4786 checkPackageAccessForPermittedSubclasses(sm,
4787 ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()),
4788 subClasses);
4789 }
4790 }
4791 return subClasses;
4792 }
4793
4794 private boolean isDirectSubType(Class<?> c) {
4795 if (isInterface()) {
4796 for (Class<?> i : c.getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
4797 if (i == this) {
4798 return true;
4799 }
4800 }
4801 } else {
4802 return c.getSuperclass() == this;
4803 }
4804 return false;
4805 }
4806
4807 /**
4808 * Returns {@code true} if and only if this {@code Class} object represents
4809 * a sealed class or interface. If this {@code Class} object represents a
4810 * primitive type, {@code void}, or an array type, this method returns
4811 * {@code false}. A sealed class or interface has (possibly zero) permitted
4812 * subclasses; {@link #getPermittedSubclasses()} returns a non-null but
4813 * possibly empty value for a sealed class or interface.
4814 *
4815 * @return {@code true} if and only if this {@code Class} object represents
4816 * a sealed class or interface.
4817 *
4818 * @jls 8.1 Class Declarations
4819 * @jls 9.1 Interface Declarations
4820 * @since 17
4821 */
4822 public boolean isSealed() {
4823 if (isArray() || isPrimitive()) {
4824 return false;
4825 }
4826 return getPermittedSubclasses() != null;
4827 }
4828
4829 private native Class<?>[] getPermittedSubclasses0();
4830
4831 /*
4832 * Return the class's major and minor class file version packed into an int.
4833 * The high order 16 bits contain the class's minor version. The low order
4834 * 16 bits contain the class's major version.
4835 *
4836 * If the class is an array type then the class file version of its element
4837 * type is returned. If the class is a primitive type then the latest class
4838 * file major version is returned and zero is returned for the minor version.
4839 */
4840 private int getClassFileVersion() {
4841 Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4842 return c.getClassFileVersion0();
4843 }
4844
4845 private native int getClassFileVersion0();
4846
4847 /*
4848 * Return the access flags as they were in the class's bytecode, including
4849 * the original setting of ACC_SUPER.
4850 *
4851 * If the class is an array type then the access flags of the element type is
4852 * returned. If the class is a primitive then ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL | ACC_PUBLIC.
4853 */
4854 private int getClassAccessFlagsRaw() {
4855 Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4856 return c.getClassAccessFlagsRaw0();
4857 }
4858
4859 private native int getClassAccessFlagsRaw0();
4860 }