1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  29 import java.lang.constant.ClassDesc;
  30 import java.lang.invoke.TypeDescriptor;
  31 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
  32 import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
  33 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  34 import java.io.IOException;
  35 import java.io.InputStream;
  36 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.AccessFlag;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.ClassFileFormatVersion;
  42 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  43 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  44 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  45 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  46 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  47 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  48 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  49 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  50 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  51 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  52 import java.lang.reflect.RecordComponent;
  53 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  54 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  55 import java.lang.constant.Constable;
  56 import java.net.URL;
  57 import java.security.AccessController;
  58 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  59 import java.util.ArrayList;
  60 import java.util.Arrays;
  61 import java.util.Collection;
  62 import java.util.HashMap;
  63 import java.util.HashSet;
  64 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  65 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
  66 import java.util.List;
  67 import java.util.Map;
  68 import java.util.Objects;
  69 import java.util.Optional;
  70 import java.util.Set;
  71 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  72 
  73 import jdk.internal.javac.PreviewFeature;
  74 import jdk.internal.loader.BootLoader;
  75 import jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader;
  76 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
  77 import jdk.internal.module.Resources;
  78 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  79 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitiveAdapter;
  80 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool;
  81 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
  82 import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  83 import jdk.internal.value.PrimitiveClass;
  84 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
  85 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.IntrinsicCandidate;
  86 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
  87 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  88 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  89 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  90 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  91 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  92 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  93 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  94 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  95 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  96 
  97 /**
  98  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
  99  * interfaces in a running Java application. An enum class and a record
 100  * class are kinds of class; an annotation interface is a kind of
 101  * interface. Every array also belongs to a class that is reflected as
 102  * a {@code Class} object that is shared by all arrays with the same
 103  * element type and number of dimensions.  The primitive Java types
 104  * ({@code boolean}, {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code
 105  * int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}), and the
 106  * keyword {@code void} are also represented as {@code Class} objects.
 107  *
 108  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead a {@code Class}
 109  * object is constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine when
 110  * a class is derived from the bytes of a {@code class} file through
 111  * the invocation of one of the following methods:
 112  * <ul>
 113  * <li> {@link ClassLoader#defineClass(String, byte[], int, int) ClassLoader::defineClass}
 114  * <li> {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineClass(byte[])
 115  *      java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup::defineClass}
 116  * <li> {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
 117  *      java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup::defineHiddenClass}
 118  * </ul>
 119  *
 120  * <p> The methods of class {@code Class} expose many characteristics of a
 121  * class or interface. Most characteristics are derived from the {@code class}
 122  * file that the class loader passed to the Java Virtual Machine or
 123  * from the {@code class} file passed to {@code Lookup::defineClass}
 124  * or {@code Lookup::defineHiddenClass}.
 125  * A few characteristics are determined by the class loading environment
 126  * at run time, such as the module returned by {@link #getModule() getModule()}.
 127  *
 128  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
 129  * class name of an object:
 130  *
 131  * <blockquote><pre>
 132  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
 133  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
 134  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 135  *     }
 136  * </pre></blockquote>
 137  *
 138  * It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 139  * class or interface (or for {@code void}) using a <i>class literal</i>.
 140  * For example:
 141  *
 142  * <blockquote>
 143  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 144  * </blockquote>
 145  *
 146  * <p> Some methods of class {@code Class} expose whether the declaration of
 147  * a class or interface in Java source code was <em>enclosed</em> within
 148  * another declaration. Other methods describe how a class or interface
 149  * is situated in a <em>nest</em>. A <a id="nest">nest</a> is a set of
 150  * classes and interfaces, in the same run-time package, that
 151  * allow mutual access to their {@code private} members.
 152  * The classes and interfaces are known as <em>nestmates</em>.
 153  * One nestmate acts as the
 154  * <em>nest host</em>, and enumerates the other nestmates which
 155  * belong to the nest; each of them in turn records it as the nest host.
 156  * The classes and interfaces which belong to a nest, including its host, are
 157  * determined when
 158  * {@code class} files are generated, for example, a Java compiler
 159  * will typically record a top-level class as the host of a nest where the
 160  * other members are the classes and interfaces whose declarations are
 161  * enclosed within the top-level class declaration.
 162  *
 163  * <p> A class or interface created by the invocation of
 164  * {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
 165  * Lookup::defineHiddenClass} is a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() <em>hidden</em>}
 166  * class or interface.
 167  * All kinds of class, including enum classes and record classes, may be
 168  * hidden classes; all kinds of interface, including annotation interfaces,
 169  * may be hidden interfaces.
 170  *
 171  * The {@linkplain #getName() name of a hidden class or interface} is
 172  * not a <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">binary name</a>,
 173  * which means the following:
 174  * <ul>
 175  * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be referenced by the constant pools
 176  *     of other classes and interfaces.
 177  * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be described in
 178  *     {@linkplain java.lang.constant.ConstantDesc <em>nominal form</em>} by
 179  *     {@link #describeConstable() Class::describeConstable},
 180  *     {@link ClassDesc#of(String) ClassDesc::of}, or
 181  *     {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}.
 182  * <li>A hidden class or interface cannot be discovered by {@link #forName Class::forName}
 183  *     or {@link ClassLoader#loadClass(String, boolean) ClassLoader::loadClass}.
 184  * </ul>
 185  *
 186  * A hidden class or interface is never an array class, but may be
 187  * the element type of an array. In all other respects, the fact that
 188  * a class or interface is hidden has no bearing on the characteristics
 189  * exposed by the methods of class {@code Class}.
 190  *
 191  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 192  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 193  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 194  * unknown.
 195  *
 196  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 197  * @since   1.0
 198  * @jls 15.8.2 Class Literals
 199  */
 200 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 201                               GenericDeclaration,
 202                               Type,
 203                               AnnotatedElement,
 204                               TypeDescriptor.OfField<Class<?>>,
 205                               Constable {
 206     private static final int ANNOTATION = 0x00002000;
 207     private static final int ENUM       = 0x00004000;
 208     private static final int SYNTHETIC  = 0x00001000;
 209 
 210     private static native void registerNatives();
 211     static {
 212         registerNatives();
 213     }
 214 
 215     /*
 216      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 217      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 218      * generated.
 219      */
 220     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 221         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 222         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 223         classLoader = loader;
 224         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 225     }
 226 
 227     /**
 228      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 229      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 230      * name of the class in the format returned by {@code getName}.
 231      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type,
 232      * this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 233      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 234      * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
 235      * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
 236      *
 237      * @return a string representation of this {@code Class} object.
 238      */
 239     public String toString() {
 240         String s = getName();
 241         if (isPrimitive()) {
 242             return s;
 243         }
 244         // Avoid invokedynamic based String concat, might be not available
 245         // Prepend type of class
 246         s = (isInterface() ? "interface " : "class ").concat(s);
 247         if (isValue()) {
 248             // prepend value class type
 249             s = (isPrimitiveClass() ? "primitive " : "value ").concat(s);
 250             if (isPrimitiveClass() && isPrimaryType()) {
 251                 // Append .ref
 252                 s = s.concat(".ref");
 253             }
 254         }
 255         return s;
 256     }
 257 
 258     /**
 259      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 260      * information about modifiers and type parameters.
 261      *
 262      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 263      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 264      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface},
 265      * {@code @interface}, or {@code record} as appropriate), followed
 266      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 267      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any,
 268      * including informative bounds on the type parameters, if any.
 269      *
 270      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 271      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 272      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 273      * type parameter list is elided.
 274      *
 275      * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
 276      * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
 277      * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
 278      * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
 279      * the array.
 280      *
 281      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 282      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 283      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 284      * code may be present.
 285      *
 286      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 287      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 288      *
 289      * @since 1.8
 290      */
 291     public String toGenericString() {
 292         if (isPrimitive()) {
 293             return toString();
 294         } else {
 295             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 296             Class<?> component = this;
 297             int arrayDepth = 0;
 298 
 299             if (isArray()) {
 300                 do {
 301                     arrayDepth++;
 302                     component = component.getComponentType();
 303                 } while (component.isArray());
 304                 sb.append(component.getName());
 305             } else {
 306                 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 307                 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 308                 // Modifier.toString() below mis-interprets SYNCHRONIZED, STRICT, and VOLATILE bits
 309                 modifiers &= ~(Modifier.SYNCHRONIZED | Modifier.STRICT | Modifier.VOLATILE);
 310                 if (modifiers != 0) {
 311                     sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 312                     sb.append(' ');
 313                 }
 314 
 315                 if (isAnnotation()) {
 316                     sb.append('@');
 317                 }
 318                 if (isValue()) {
 319                     sb.append(isPrimitiveClass() ? "primitive " : "value ");
 320                 }
 321                 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation interfaces are interfaces
 322                     sb.append("interface");
 323                 } else {
 324                     if (isEnum())
 325                         sb.append("enum");
 326                     else if (isRecord())
 327                         sb.append("record");
 328                     else
 329                         sb.append("class");
 330                 }
 331                 sb.append(' ');
 332                 sb.append(getName());
 333             }
 334 
 335             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
 336             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 337                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(typeparms)
 338                           .map(Class::typeVarBounds)
 339                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "<", ">")));
 340             }
 341 
 342             if (arrayDepth > 0) sb.append("[]".repeat(arrayDepth));
 343 
 344             return sb.toString();
 345         }
 346     }
 347 
 348     static String typeVarBounds(TypeVariable<?> typeVar) {
 349         Type[] bounds = typeVar.getBounds();
 350         if (bounds.length == 1 && bounds[0].equals(Object.class)) {
 351             return typeVar.getName();
 352         } else {
 353             return typeVar.getName() + " extends " +
 354                 Arrays.stream(bounds)
 355                 .map(Type::getTypeName)
 356                 .collect(Collectors.joining(" & "));
 357         }
 358     }
 359 
 360     /**
 361      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 362      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 363      * equivalent to:
 364      *
 365      * <blockquote>
 366      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
 367      * </blockquote>
 368      *
 369      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 370      * the current class.
 371      *
 372      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 373      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
 374      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 375      *
 376      * <blockquote>
 377      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
 378      * </blockquote>
 379      * <p>
 380      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 381      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 382      *
 383      * <p>
 384      * In cases where this method is called from a context where there is no
 385      * caller frame on the stack (e.g. when called directly from a JNI
 386      * attached thread), the system class loader is used.
 387      *
 388      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
 389      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 390      *             specified name.
 391      * @throws    LinkageError if the linkage fails
 392      * @throws    ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 393      *            by this method fails
 394      * @throws    ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 395      *
 396      * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
 397      * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
 398      * @jls 12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
 399      */
 400     @CallerSensitive
 401     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 402                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 403         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 404         return forName(className, caller);
 405     }
 406 
 407     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
 408     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
 409     private static Class<?> forName(String className, Class<?> caller)
 410             throws ClassNotFoundException {
 411         ClassLoader loader = (caller == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()
 412                                               : ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 413         return forName0(className, true, loader, caller);
 414     }
 415 
 416     /**
 417      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 418      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 419      * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
 420      * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
 421      * locate and load the class or interface.  The specified class
 422      * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 423      * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 424      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 425      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 426      * not been initialized earlier.
 427      *
 428      * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
 429      * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
 430      * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
 431      * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
 432      * types or void.
 433      *
 434      * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
 435      * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
 436      *
 437      * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
 438      *
 439      * <blockquote>
 440      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
 441      * </blockquote>
 442      *
 443      * is equivalent to:
 444      *
 445      * <blockquote>
 446      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
 447      * </blockquote>
 448      *
 449      * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking
 450      * or initializing as specified in Sections {@jls 12.2}, {@jls
 451      * 12.3}, and {@jls 12.4} of <cite>The Java Language
 452      * Specification</cite>.
 453      * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
 454      * is accessible to its caller.
 455      *
 456      * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
 457 
 458      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized
 459      *                   (which implies linking). See Section {@jls
 460      *                   12.4} of <cite>The Java Language
 461      *                   Specification</cite>.
 462      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 463      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 464      *
 465      * @throws    LinkageError if the linkage fails
 466      * @throws    ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 467      *            by this method fails
 468      * @throws    ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 469      *            the specified class loader
 470      * @throws    SecurityException
 471      *            if a security manager is present, and the {@code loader} is
 472      *            {@code null}, and the caller's class loader is not
 473      *            {@code null}, and the caller does not have the
 474      *            {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
 475      *
 476      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 477      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 478      *
 479      * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
 480      * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
 481      * @jls 12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
 482      * @since     1.2
 483      */
 484     @CallerSensitive
 485     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 486                                    ClassLoader loader)
 487         throws ClassNotFoundException
 488     {
 489         Class<?> caller = null;
 490         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 491         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 492         if (sm != null) {
 493             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 494             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 495             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 496         }
 497         return forName(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 498     }
 499 
 500     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
 501     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
 502     private static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize, ClassLoader loader, Class<?> caller)
 503             throws ClassNotFoundException
 504     {
 505         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 506         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 507         if (sm != null) {
 508             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 509             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 510             if (loader == null) {
 511                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 512                 if (ccl != null) {
 513                     sm.checkPermission(
 514                             SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 515                 }
 516             }
 517         }
 518         return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 519     }
 520 
 521     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 522     private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 523                                     ClassLoader loader,
 524                                     Class<?> caller)
 525         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 526 
 527 
 528     /**
 529      * Returns the {@code Class} with the given <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">
 530      * binary name</a> in the given module.
 531      *
 532      * <p> This method attempts to locate and load the class or interface.
 533      * It does not link the class, and does not run the class initializer.
 534      * If the class is not found, this method returns {@code null}. </p>
 535      *
 536      * <p> If the class loader of the given module defines other modules and
 537      * the given name is a class defined in a different module, this method
 538      * returns {@code null} after the class is loaded. </p>
 539      *
 540      * <p> This method does not check whether the requested class is
 541      * accessible to its caller. </p>
 542      *
 543      * @apiNote
 544      * This method returns {@code null} on failure rather than
 545      * throwing a {@link ClassNotFoundException}, as is done by
 546      * the {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)} method.
 547      * The security check is a stack-based permission check if the caller
 548      * loads a class in another module.
 549      *
 550      * @param  module   A module
 551      * @param  name     The <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">binary name</a>
 552      *                  of the class
 553      * @return {@code Class} object of the given name defined in the given module;
 554      *         {@code null} if not found.
 555      *
 556      * @throws NullPointerException if the given module or name is {@code null}
 557      *
 558      * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
 559      *
 560      * @throws SecurityException
 561      *         <ul>
 562      *         <li> if the caller is not the specified module and
 563      *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission is denied; or</li>
 564      *         <li> access to the module content is denied. For example,
 565      *         permission check will be performed when a class loader calls
 566      *         {@link ModuleReader#open(String)} to read the bytes of a class file
 567      *         in a module.</li>
 568      *         </ul>
 569      *
 570      * @jls 12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
 571      * @jls 12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
 572      * @since 9
 573      */
 574     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 575     @CallerSensitive
 576     public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
 577         Class<?> caller = null;
 578         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 579         if (sm != null) {
 580             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 581         }
 582         return forName(module, name, caller);
 583     }
 584 
 585     // Caller-sensitive adapter method for reflective invocation
 586     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 587     @CallerSensitiveAdapter
 588     private static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name, Class<?> caller) {
 589         Objects.requireNonNull(module);
 590         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
 591 
 592         ClassLoader cl;
 593         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 594         if (sm != null) {
 595             if (caller != null && caller.getModule() != module) {
 596                 // if caller is null, Class.forName is the last java frame on the stack.
 597                 // java.base has all permissions
 598                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 599             }
 600             PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> pa = module::getClassLoader;
 601             cl = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
 602         } else {
 603             cl = module.getClassLoader();
 604         }
 605 
 606         if (cl != null) {
 607             return cl.loadClass(module, name);
 608         } else {
 609             return BootLoader.loadClass(module, name);
 610         }
 611     }
 612 
 613     // set by VM if this class is an exotic type such as primitive class
 614     // otherwise, these two fields are null
 615     private transient Class<T> primaryType;
 616     private transient Class<T> secondaryType;
 617 
 618     /**
 619      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a primitive class.
 620      * <p>
 621      * Each primitive class has a {@linkplain #isPrimaryType() primary type}
 622      * representing the <em>primitive reference type</em> and a
 623      * {@linkplain #isPrimitiveValueType() secondary type} representing
 624      * the <em>primitive value type</em>.  The primitive reference type
 625      * and primitive value type can be obtained by calling the
 626      * {@link #asPrimaryType()} and {@link #asValueType} method
 627      * of a primitive class respectively.
 628      * <p>
 629      * A primitive class is a {@linkplain #isValue() value class}.
 630      *
 631      * @return {@code true} if this class is a primitive class, otherwise {@code false}
 632      * @see #isValue()
 633      * @see #asPrimaryType()
 634      * @see #asValueType()
 635      * @since Valhalla
 636      */
 637     /* package */ boolean isPrimitiveClass() {
 638         return (this.getModifiers() & PrimitiveClass.PRIMITIVE_CLASS) != 0;
 639     }
 640 
 641     /**
 642      * {@return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an identity
 643      * class or interface; otherwise {@code false}}
 644      *
 645      * If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this method
 646      * returns {@code true}.
 647      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, or {@code void},
 648      * then this method returns {@code false}.
 649      *
 650      * @since Valhalla
 651      */
 652     @PreviewFeature(feature = PreviewFeature.Feature.VALUE_OBJECTS)
 653     public native boolean isIdentity();
 654 
 655     /**
 656      * {@return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents a value
 657      * class or interface; otherwise {@code false}}
 658      *
 659      * If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive type, or
 660      * {@code void}, then this method returns {@code false}.
 661      *
 662      * @since Valhalla
 663      */
 664     @PreviewFeature(feature = PreviewFeature.Feature.VALUE_OBJECTS)
 665     public boolean isValue() {
 666         return (this.getModifiers() & Modifier.VALUE) != 0;
 667     }
 668 
 669     /**
 670      * Returns a {@code Class} object representing the primary type
 671      * of this class or interface.
 672      * <p>
 673      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or an array type,
 674      * then this method returns this class.
 675      * <p>
 676      * If this {@code Class} object represents a {@linkplain #isPrimitiveClass()
 677      * primitive class}, then this method returns the <em>primitive reference type</em>
 678      * type of this primitive class.
 679      * <p>
 680      * Otherwise, this {@code Class} object represents a non-primitive class or interface
 681      * and this method returns this class.
 682      *
 683      * @return the {@code Class} representing the primary type of
 684      *         this class or interface
 685      * @since Valhalla
 686      */
 687     @IntrinsicCandidate
 688     /* package */ Class<?> asPrimaryType() {
 689         return isPrimitiveClass() ? primaryType : this;
 690     }
 691 
 692     /**
 693      * Returns a {@code Class} object representing the <em>primitive value type</em>
 694      * of this class if this class is a {@linkplain #isPrimitiveClass() primitive class}.
 695      *
 696      * @apiNote Alternatively, this method returns null if this class is not
 697      *          a primitive class rather than throwing UOE.
 698      *
 699      * @return the {@code Class} representing the {@linkplain #isPrimitiveValueType()
 700      * primitive value type} of this class if this class is a primitive class
 701      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class or interface
 702      *         is not a primitive class
 703      * @since Valhalla
 704      */
 705     @IntrinsicCandidate
 706     /* package */ Class<?> asValueType() {
 707         if (isPrimitiveClass())
 708             return secondaryType;
 709 
 710         throw new UnsupportedOperationException(this.getName().concat(" is not a primitive class"));
 711     }
 712 
 713     /**
 714      * Returns {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents the primary type
 715      * of this class or interface.
 716      * <p>
 717      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or an array type,
 718      * then this method returns {@code true}.
 719      * <p>
 720      * If this {@code Class} object represents a {@linkplain #isPrimitiveClass()
 721      * primitive}, then this method returns {@code true} if this {@code Class}
 722      * object represents a primitive reference type, or returns {@code false}
 723      * if this {@code Class} object represents a primitive value type.
 724      * <p>
 725      * If this {@code Class} object represents a non-primitive class or interface,
 726      * then this method returns {@code true}.
 727      *
 728      * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents
 729      * the primary type of this class or interface
 730      * @since Valhalla
 731      */
 732     /* package */ boolean isPrimaryType() {
 733         if (isPrimitiveClass()) {
 734             return this == primaryType;
 735         }
 736         return true;
 737     }
 738 
 739     /**
 740      * Returns {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents
 741      * a {@linkplain #isPrimitiveClass() primitive} value type.
 742      *
 743      * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents
 744      * the value type of a primitive class
 745      * @since Valhalla
 746      */
 747     /* package */ boolean isPrimitiveValueType() {
 748         return isPrimitiveClass() && this == secondaryType;
 749     }
 750 
 751     /**
 752      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 753      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 754      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 755      * has not already been initialized.
 756      *
 757      * @deprecated This method propagates any exception thrown by the
 758      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 759      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 760      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 761      * The {@link
 762      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 763      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 764      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 765      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 766      *
 767      * <p>The call
 768      *
 769      * <pre>{@code
 770      * clazz.newInstance()
 771      * }</pre>
 772      *
 773      * can be replaced by
 774      *
 775      * <pre>{@code
 776      * clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()
 777      * }</pre>
 778      *
 779      * The latter sequence of calls is inferred to be able to throw
 780      * the additional exception types {@link
 781      * InvocationTargetException} and {@link
 782      * NoSuchMethodException}. Both of these exception types are
 783      * subclasses of {@link ReflectiveOperationException}.
 784      *
 785      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 786      *          object.
 787      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 788      *          constructor is not accessible.
 789      * @throws  InstantiationException
 790      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 791      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 792      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 793      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 794      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 795      *          provoked by this method fails.
 796      * @throws  SecurityException
 797      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 798      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 799      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 800      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 801      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 802      *          of this class.
 803      */
 804     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 805     @CallerSensitive
 806     @Deprecated(since="9")
 807     public T newInstance()
 808         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 809     {
 810         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 811         if (sm != null) {
 812             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 813         }
 814 
 815         // Constructor lookup
 816         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 817         if (tmpConstructor == null) {
 818             if (this == Class.class) {
 819                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 820                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 821                 );
 822             }
 823             try {
 824                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 825                 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
 826                     getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
 827                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 828                 // access check is done with the true caller
 829                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 830                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 831                         public Void run() {
 832                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 833                                 return null;
 834                             }
 835                         });
 836                 cachedConstructor = tmpConstructor = c;
 837             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 838                 throw (InstantiationException)
 839                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 840             }
 841         }
 842 
 843         try {
 844             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 845             return getReflectionFactory().newInstance(tmpConstructor, null, caller);
 846         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 847             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 848             // Not reached
 849             return null;
 850         }
 851     }
 852 
 853     private transient volatile Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 854 
 855     /**
 856      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 857      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 858      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 859      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 860      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 861      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 862      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 863      * otherwise.
 864      *
 865      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 866      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 867      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 868      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 869      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 870      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 871      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 872      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 873      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 874      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 875      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 876      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 877      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 878      * returns {@code false}.
 879      *
 880      * @param   obj the object to check
 881      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 882      *
 883      * @since 1.1
 884      */
 885     @IntrinsicCandidate
 886     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 887 
 888 
 889     /**
 890      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 891      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 892      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 893      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 894      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 895      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 896      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 897      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 898      * {@code false}.
 899      *
 900      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 901      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 902      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 903      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <cite>The Java Language
 904      * Specification</cite>, sections {@jls 5.1.1} and {@jls 5.1.4},
 905      * for details.
 906      *
 907      * @param     cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 908      * @return    the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 909      *            type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 910      * @throws    NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 911      *            null.
 912      * @since     1.1
 913      */
 914     @IntrinsicCandidate
 915     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 916 
 917 
 918     /**
 919      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an
 920      * interface type.
 921      *
 922      * @return  {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an interface;
 923      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 924      */
 925     @IntrinsicCandidate
 926     public native boolean isInterface();
 927 
 928 
 929     /**
 930      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 931      *
 932      * @return  {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an array class;
 933      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 934      * @since   1.1
 935      */
 936     @IntrinsicCandidate
 937     public native boolean isArray();
 938 
 939 
 940     /**
 941      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
 942      * primitive type.
 943      *
 944      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
 945      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
 946      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
 947      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
 948      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
 949      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
 950      *
 951      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
 952      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
 953      * this method returns {@code true}.
 954      *
 955      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 956      *
 957      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 958      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 959      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 960      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 961      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 962      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 963      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 964      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 965      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 966      * @since 1.1
 967      */
 968     @IntrinsicCandidate
 969     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 970 
 971     /**
 972      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 973      * interface.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 974      * would also return true, as all annotation interfaces are also interfaces.
 975      *
 976      * @return {@code true} if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 977      *      interface; {@code false} otherwise
 978      * @since 1.5
 979      */
 980     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 981         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 982     }
 983 
 984     /**
 985      *{@return {@code true} if and only if this class has the synthetic modifier
 986      * bit set}
 987      *
 988      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 989      * @jvms 4.1 The {@code ClassFile} Structure
 990      * @see <a
 991      * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
 992      * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
 993      * @since 1.5
 994      */
 995     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 996         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 997     }
 998 
 999     /**
1000      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
1001      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object.
1002      *
1003      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface,
1004      * not an array class, then:
1005      * <ul>
1006      * <li> If the class or interface is not {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden},
1007      *      then the <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">binary name</a>
1008      *      of the class or interface is returned.
1009      * <li> If the class or interface is hidden, then the result is a string
1010      *      of the form: {@code N + '/' + <suffix>}
1011      *      where {@code N} is the <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">binary name</a>
1012      *      indicated by the {@code class} file passed to
1013      *      {@link java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
1014      *      Lookup::defineHiddenClass}, and {@code <suffix>} is an unqualified name.
1015      * </ul>
1016      *
1017      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array class, then
1018      * the result is a string consisting of one or more '{@code [}' characters
1019      * representing the depth of the array nesting, followed by the element
1020      * type as encoded using the following table:
1021      *
1022      * <blockquote><table class="striped">
1023      * <caption style="display:none">Element types and encodings</caption>
1024      * <thead>
1025      * <tr><th scope="col"> Element Type <th scope="col"> Encoding
1026      * </thead>
1027      * <tbody style="text-align:left">
1028      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code boolean} <td style="text-align:center"> {@code Z}
1029      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code byte}    <td style="text-align:center"> {@code B}
1030      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code char}    <td style="text-align:center"> {@code C}
1031      * <tr><th scope="row"> class or interface with <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">binary name</a> <i>N</i>
1032      *                                      <td style="text-align:center"> {@code L}<em>N</em>{@code ;}
1033      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code double}  <td style="text-align:center"> {@code D}
1034      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code float}   <td style="text-align:center"> {@code F}
1035      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code int}     <td style="text-align:center"> {@code I}
1036      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code long}    <td style="text-align:center"> {@code J}
1037      * <tr><th scope="row"> {@code short}   <td style="text-align:center"> {@code S}
1038      * </tbody>
1039      * </table></blockquote>
1040      *
1041      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or {@code void},
1042      * then the result is a string with the same spelling as the Java language
1043      * keyword which corresponds to the primitive type or {@code void}.
1044      *
1045      * <p> Examples:
1046      * <blockquote><pre>
1047      * String.class.getName()
1048      *     returns "java.lang.String"
1049      * byte.class.getName()
1050      *     returns "byte"
1051      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
1052      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
1053      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
1054      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
1055      * </pre></blockquote>
1056      *
1057      * @return  the name of the class, interface, or other entity
1058      *          represented by this {@code Class} object.
1059      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
1060      */
1061     public String getName() {
1062         String name = this.name;
1063         return name != null ? name : initClassName();
1064     }
1065 
1066     // Cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM.
1067     // This field would be set by VM itself during initClassName call.
1068     private transient String name;
1069     private native String initClassName();
1070 
1071     /**
1072      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
1073      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
1074      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
1075      * class loader.
1076      *
1077      * <p>If this {@code Class} object
1078      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
1079      *
1080      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
1081      *          represented by this {@code Class} object.
1082      * @throws  SecurityException
1083      *          if a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader
1084      *          is not {@code null} and is not the same as or an ancestor of the
1085      *          class loader for the class whose class loader is requested,
1086      *          and the caller does not have the
1087      *          {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
1088      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
1089      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
1090      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
1091      */
1092     @CallerSensitive
1093     @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
1094     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
1095         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
1096         if (cl == null)
1097             return null;
1098         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1099         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1100         if (sm != null) {
1101             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
1102         }
1103         return cl;
1104     }
1105 
1106     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
1107     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
1108 
1109     /**
1110      * Returns the module that this class or interface is a member of.
1111      *
1112      * If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
1113      * {@code Module} for the element type. If this class represents a
1114      * primitive type or void, then the {@code Module} object for the
1115      * {@code java.base} module is returned.
1116      *
1117      * If this class is in an unnamed module then the {@linkplain
1118      * ClassLoader#getUnnamedModule() unnamed} {@code Module} of the class
1119      * loader for this class is returned.
1120      *
1121      * @return the module that this class or interface is a member of
1122      *
1123      * @since 9
1124      */
1125     public Module getModule() {
1126         return module;
1127     }
1128 
1129     // set by VM
1130     private transient Module module;
1131 
1132     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
1133     // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
1134     // will throw NoSuchFieldException
1135     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
1136 
1137     // Set by VM
1138     private transient Object classData;
1139 
1140     // package-private
1141     Object getClassData() {
1142         return classData;
1143     }
1144 
1145     /**
1146      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
1147      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
1148      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
1149      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
1150      * variables.
1151      *
1152      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
1153      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
1154      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
1155      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
1156      *     the format specified in section {@jvms 4.7.9} of
1157      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1158      * @since 1.5
1159      */
1160     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1161     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
1162         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1163         if (info != null)
1164             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
1165         else
1166             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
1167     }
1168 
1169 
1170     /**
1171      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
1172      * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
1173      * this {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
1174      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
1175      * null is returned.  If this {@code Class} object represents an array class
1176      * then the {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
1177      * returned.
1178      *
1179      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
1180      */
1181     @IntrinsicCandidate
1182     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
1183 
1184 
1185     /**
1186      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
1187      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
1188      * this {@code Class} object.
1189      *
1190      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
1191      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
1192      * arguments used in the source code. The parameterized type
1193      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
1194      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
1195      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
1196      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
1197      * this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
1198      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
1199      * returned.  If this {@code Class} object represents an array class
1200      * then the {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
1201      * returned.
1202      *
1203      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
1204      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
1205      *     section {@jvms 4.7.9} of <cite>The Java Virtual
1206      *     Machine Specification</cite>
1207      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
1208      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
1209      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
1210      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
1211      *     instantiated  for any reason
1212      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this {@code Class} object
1213      * @since 1.5
1214      */
1215     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
1216         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1217         if (info == null) {
1218             return getSuperclass();
1219         }
1220 
1221         // Historical irregularity:
1222         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
1223         // but this API returns null for interfaces
1224         if (isInterface()) {
1225             return null;
1226         }
1227 
1228         return info.getSuperclass();
1229     }
1230 
1231     /**
1232      * Gets the package of this class.
1233      *
1234      * <p>If this class represents an array type, a primitive type or void,
1235      * this method returns {@code null}.
1236      *
1237      * @return the package of this class.
1238      * @revised 9
1239      */
1240     public Package getPackage() {
1241         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
1242             return null;
1243         }
1244         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
1245         return cl != null ? cl.definePackage(this)
1246                           : BootLoader.definePackage(this);
1247     }
1248 
1249     /**
1250      * Returns the fully qualified package name.
1251      *
1252      * <p> If this class is a top level class, then this method returns the fully
1253      * qualified name of the package that the class is a member of, or the
1254      * empty string if the class is in an unnamed package.
1255      *
1256      * <p> If this class is a member class, then this method is equivalent to
1257      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@linkplain #getEnclosingClass
1258      * enclosing class}.
1259      *
1260      * <p> If this class is a {@linkplain #isLocalClass local class} or an {@linkplain
1261      * #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}, then this method is equivalent to
1262      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@linkplain #getDeclaringClass
1263      * declaring class} of the {@linkplain #getEnclosingMethod enclosing method} or
1264      * {@linkplain #getEnclosingConstructor enclosing constructor}.
1265      *
1266      * <p> If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
1267      * package name of the element type. If this class represents a primitive
1268      * type or void then the package name "{@code java.lang}" is returned.
1269      *
1270      * @return the fully qualified package name
1271      *
1272      * @since 9
1273      * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names
1274      */
1275     public String getPackageName() {
1276         String pn = this.packageName;
1277         if (pn == null) {
1278             Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
1279             if (c.isPrimitive()) {
1280                 pn = "java.lang";
1281             } else {
1282                 String cn = c.getName();
1283                 int dot = cn.lastIndexOf('.');
1284                 pn = (dot != -1) ? cn.substring(0, dot).intern() : "";
1285             }
1286             this.packageName = pn;
1287         }
1288         return pn;
1289     }
1290 
1291     // cached package name
1292     private transient String packageName;
1293 
1294     /**
1295      * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
1296      * represented by this {@code Class} object.
1297      *
1298      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is an array
1299      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1300      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1301      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1302      * the declaration of the class represented by this {@code Class} object.  For example,
1303      * given the declaration:
1304      * <blockquote>
1305      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
1306      * </blockquote>
1307      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
1308      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
1309      * <blockquote>
1310      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
1311      * </blockquote>
1312      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1313      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
1314      * <blockquote>
1315      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
1316      * </blockquote>
1317      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1318      * {@code DessertTopping}.
1319      *
1320      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1321      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1322      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1323      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1324      * the interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
1325      *
1326      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that implements no
1327      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1328      *
1329      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1330      * returns an array of length 0.
1331      *
1332      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1333      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1334      * returned in that order.
1335      *
1336      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1337      */
1338     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
1339         // defensively copy before handing over to user code
1340         return getInterfaces(true);
1341     }
1342 
1343     private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
1344         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1345         if (rd == null) {
1346             // no cloning required
1347             return getInterfaces0();
1348         } else {
1349             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
1350             if (interfaces == null) {
1351                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
1352                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
1353             }
1354             // defensively copy if requested
1355             return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
1356         }
1357     }
1358 
1359     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
1360 
1361     /**
1362      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
1363      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
1364      * this {@code Class} object.
1365      *
1366      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
1367      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
1368      * the actual type arguments used in the source code. The
1369      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
1370      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
1371      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
1372      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
1373      * types.
1374      *
1375      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is an array
1376      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1377      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1378      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1379      * the declaration of the class represented by this {@code Class} object.
1380      *
1381      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1382      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1383      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1384      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1385      * the interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
1386      *
1387      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that implements no
1388      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1389      *
1390      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1391      * returns an array of length 0.
1392      *
1393      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1394      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1395      * returned in that order.
1396      *
1397      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
1398      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the
1399      *     format specified in section {@jvms 4.7.9} of <cite>The
1400      *     Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1401      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
1402      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
1403      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
1404      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
1405      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
1406      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1407      * @since 1.5
1408      */
1409     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
1410         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1411         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
1412     }
1413 
1414 
1415     /**
1416      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
1417      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
1418      * returns null.
1419      *
1420      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
1421      * class if this class is an array
1422      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
1423      * @since 1.1
1424      */
1425     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
1426         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
1427         if (isArray()) {
1428             return componentType;
1429         } else {
1430             return null;
1431         }
1432     }
1433 
1434     private final Class<?> componentType;
1435 
1436     /*
1437      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the element type of an array class.
1438      * If this class does not represent an array class, then this method returns
1439      * {@code null}.
1440      */
1441     private Class<?> elementType() {
1442         if (!isArray()) return null;
1443 
1444         Class<?> c = this;
1445         while (c.isArray()) {
1446             c = c.getComponentType();
1447         }
1448         return c;
1449     }
1450 
1451     /**
1452      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
1453      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
1454      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
1455      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
1456      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
1457      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
1458      * The modifiers also include the Java Virtual Machine's constants for
1459      * {@code identity class} and {@code value class}.
1460      *
1461      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class:
1462      * <ul>
1463      * <li> its {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
1464      *      modifiers are the same as those of its component type
1465      * <li> its {@code abstract} and {@code final} modifiers are always
1466      *      {@code true}
1467      * <li> its interface modifier is always {@code false}, even when
1468      *      the component type is an interface
1469      * </ul>
1470      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
1471      * void, its {@code public}, {@code abstract}, and {@code final}
1472      * modifiers are always {@code true}.
1473      * For {@code Class} objects representing void, primitive types, and
1474      * arrays, the values of other modifiers are {@code false} other
1475      * than as specified above.
1476      *
1477      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in section {@jvms 4.1}
1478      * of <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
1479      *
1480      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
1481      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
1482      * @see #accessFlags()
1483      * @see <a
1484      * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
1485      * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
1486      * @since 1.1
1487      * @jls 8.1.1 Class Modifiers
1488      * @jls 9.1.1. Interface Modifiers
1489      * @jvms 4.1 The {@code ClassFile} Structure
1490      */
1491     @IntrinsicCandidate
1492     public native int getModifiers();
1493 
1494    /**
1495      * {@return an unmodifiable set of the {@linkplain AccessFlag access
1496      * flags} for this class, possibly empty}
1497      * The {@code AccessFlags} may depend on the class file format version of the class.
1498      *
1499      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class:
1500      * <ul>
1501      * <li> its {@code PUBLIC}, {@code PRIVATE} and {@code PROTECTED}
1502      *      access flags are the same as those of its component type
1503      * <li> its {@code ABSTRACT} and {@code FINAL} flags are present
1504      * <li> its {@code INTERFACE} flag is absent, even when the
1505      *      component type is an interface
1506      * </ul>
1507      * If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
1508      * void, the flags are {@code PUBLIC}, {@code ABSTRACT}, and
1509      * {@code FINAL}.
1510      * For {@code Class} objects representing void, primitive types, and
1511      * arrays, access flags are absent other than as specified above.
1512      *
1513      * @see #getModifiers()
1514      * @jvms 4.1 The ClassFile Structure
1515      * @jvms 4.7.6 The InnerClasses Attribute
1516      * @since 20
1517      */
1518     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
1519         // Location.CLASS allows SUPER and AccessFlag.MODULE which
1520         // INNER_CLASS forbids. INNER_CLASS allows PRIVATE, PROTECTED,
1521         // and STATIC, which are not allowed on Location.CLASS.
1522         // Use getClassAccessFlagsRaw to expose SUPER status.
1523         var location = (isMemberClass() || isLocalClass() ||
1524                         isAnonymousClass() || isArray()) ?
1525             AccessFlag.Location.INNER_CLASS :
1526             AccessFlag.Location.CLASS;
1527         int accessFlags = (location == AccessFlag.Location.CLASS) ?
1528                 getClassAccessFlagsRaw() : getModifiers();
1529         var cffv = ClassFileFormatVersion.fromMajor(getClassFileVersion() & 0xffff);
1530         if (cffv.compareTo(ClassFileFormatVersion.latest()) >= 0) {
1531             // Ignore unspecified (0x800) access flag for current version
1532             accessFlags &= ~0x0800;
1533         }
1534         return AccessFlag.maskToAccessFlags(accessFlags, location, cffv);
1535     }
1536 
1537    /**
1538      * Gets the signers of this class.
1539      *
1540      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
1541      *          particular, this method returns null if this {@code Class} object represents
1542      *          a primitive type or void.
1543      * @since   1.1
1544      */
1545     public native Object[] getSigners();
1546 
1547     /**
1548      * Set the signers of this class.
1549      */
1550     native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
1551 
1552     /**
1553      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1554      * class within a method, returns a {@link
1555      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1556      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1557      * {@code null} otherwise.
1558      *
1559      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1560      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a class or
1561      * interface declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1562      *
1563      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1564      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1565      *
1566      * @throws SecurityException
1567      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1568      *         following conditions is met:
1569      *
1570      *         <ul>
1571      *
1572      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1573      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1574      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1575      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1576      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1577      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1578      *
1579      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1580      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1581      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1582      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1583      *         of the enclosing class
1584      *
1585      *         </ul>
1586      * @since 1.5
1587      */
1588     @CallerSensitive
1589     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1590         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1591 
1592         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1593             return null;
1594         else {
1595             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1596                 return null;
1597 
1598             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1599                                                               getFactory());
1600             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1601             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1602             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1603 
1604             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1605             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1606             // don't have generics information
1607             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1608                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1609 
1610             // Perform access check
1611             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1612             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1613             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1614             if (sm != null) {
1615                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1616                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1617             }
1618             Method[] candidates = enclosingCandidate.privateGetDeclaredMethods(false);
1619 
1620             /*
1621              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1622              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1623              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1624              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1625              */
1626             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1627             for (Method m : candidates) {
1628                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) &&
1629                     arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1630                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))) {
1631                     // finally, check return type
1632                     if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType)) {
1633                         return fact.copyMethod(m);
1634                     }
1635                 }
1636             }
1637 
1638             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1639         }
1640     }
1641 
1642     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1643 
1644     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1645         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1646         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1647             return null;
1648         else {
1649             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1650         }
1651     }
1652 
1653     private static final class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1654         private final Class<?> enclosingClass;
1655         private final String name;
1656         private final String descriptor;
1657 
1658         static void validate(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1659             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1660                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1661             try {
1662                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1663 
1664                 // the immediately enclosing class
1665                 Class<?> enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1666                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1667 
1668                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1669                 // name (can be null).
1670                 String name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1671 
1672                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1673                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1674                 String descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1675                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1676             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1677                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1678             }
1679         }
1680 
1681         EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1682             validate(enclosingInfo);
1683             this.enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1684             this.name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1685             this.descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1686         }
1687 
1688         boolean isPartial() {
1689             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1690         }
1691 
1692         boolean isObjectConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
1693 
1694         boolean isValueFactoryMethod() { return !isPartial() && "<vnew>".equals(name); }
1695 
1696         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isObjectConstructor()
1697                                         && !isValueFactoryMethod()
1698                                         && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
1699 
1700         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1701 
1702         String getName() { return name; }
1703 
1704         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1705 
1706     }
1707 
1708     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1709         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1710             return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1711                                      0)
1712                 .getClass();
1713         return (Class<?>)o;
1714      }
1715 
1716     /**
1717      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1718      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1719      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1720      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1721      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1722      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1723      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a class or
1724      * interface declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1725      *
1726      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1727      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1728      * @throws SecurityException
1729      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1730      *         following conditions is met:
1731      *
1732      *         <ul>
1733      *
1734      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1735      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1736      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1737      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1738      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1739      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1740      *
1741      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1742      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1743      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1744      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1745      *         of the enclosing class
1746      *
1747      *         </ul>
1748      * @since 1.5
1749      */
1750     @CallerSensitive
1751     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1752         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1753 
1754         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1755             return null;
1756         else {
1757             if (!enclosingInfo.isObjectConstructor() && !enclosingInfo.isValueFactoryMethod())
1758                 return null;
1759 
1760             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1761                                                                         getFactory());
1762             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1763             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1764 
1765             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1766             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1767             // don't have generics information
1768             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1769                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1770 
1771             // Perform access check
1772             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1773             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1774             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1775             if (sm != null) {
1776                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1777                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1778             }
1779 
1780             Constructor<?>[] candidates = enclosingCandidate
1781                     .privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false);
1782             /*
1783              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1784              * of and type of parameters.
1785              */
1786             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1787             for (Constructor<?> c : candidates) {
1788                 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1789                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(c))) {
1790                     return fact.copyConstructor(c);
1791                 }
1792             }
1793 
1794             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1795         }
1796     }
1797 
1798 
1799     /**
1800      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1801      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1802      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1803      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1804      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1805      * type, or void, then this method returns null.
1806      *
1807      * @return the declaring class for this class
1808      * @throws SecurityException
1809      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1810      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1811      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1812      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1813      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1814      * @since 1.1
1815      */
1816     @CallerSensitive
1817     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1818         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1819 
1820         if (candidate != null) {
1821             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1822             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1823             if (sm != null) {
1824                 candidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1825                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1826             }
1827         }
1828         return candidate;
1829     }
1830 
1831     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1832 
1833 
1834     /**
1835      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1836      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1837      * method returns {@code null}.
1838      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1839      * @throws     SecurityException
1840      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1841      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1842      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1843      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1844      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1845      * @since 1.5
1846      */
1847     @CallerSensitive
1848     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1849         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1850         // a) Top level classes
1851         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1852         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1853         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1854         // e) Anonymous classes
1855 
1856 
1857         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1858         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1859         // anonymous class.
1860         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1861         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1862 
1863         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1864             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1865             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1866         } else {
1867             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1868             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1869             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1870                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1871             else
1872                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1873         }
1874 
1875         if (enclosingCandidate != null) {
1876             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
1877             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1878             if (sm != null) {
1879                 enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1880                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1881             }
1882         }
1883         return enclosingCandidate;
1884     }
1885 
1886     /**
1887      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1888      * source code. An empty string is returned if the underlying class is
1889      * {@linkplain #isAnonymousClass() anonymous}.
1890      * A {@linkplain #isSynthetic() synthetic class}, one not present
1891      * in source code, can have a non-empty name including special
1892      * characters, such as "{@code $}".
1893      *
1894      * <p>The simple name of an {@linkplain #isArray() array class} is the simple name of the
1895      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1896      * name of an array class whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1897      *
1898      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1899      * @since 1.5
1900      */
1901     public String getSimpleName() {
1902         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1903         String simpleName = rd.simpleName;
1904         if (simpleName == null) {
1905             rd.simpleName = simpleName = getSimpleName0();
1906         }
1907         return simpleName;
1908     }
1909 
1910     private String getSimpleName0() {
1911         if (isArray()) {
1912             return getComponentType().getSimpleName().concat("[]");
1913         }
1914         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1915         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1916             simpleName = getName();
1917             simpleName = simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1); // strip the package name
1918         }
1919         return simpleName;
1920     }
1921 
1922     /**
1923      * Return an informative string for the name of this class or interface.
1924      *
1925      * @return an informative string for the name of this class or interface
1926      * @since 1.8
1927      */
1928     public String getTypeName() {
1929         if (isArray()) {
1930             try {
1931                 Class<?> cl = this;
1932                 int dimensions = 0;
1933                 do {
1934                     dimensions++;
1935                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1936                 } while (cl.isArray());
1937                 return cl.getTypeName().concat("[]".repeat(dimensions));
1938             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1939         }
1940         if (isPrimitiveClass()) {
1941             // TODO: null-default
1942             return isPrimaryType() ? getName().concat(".ref") : getName();
1943         } else {
1944             return getName();
1945         }
1946     }
1947 
1948     /**
1949      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1950      * defined by <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
1951      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class does not have a canonical
1952      * name. Classes without canonical names include:
1953      * <ul>
1954      * <li>a {@linkplain #isLocalClass() local class}
1955      * <li>a {@linkplain #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}
1956      * <li>a {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden class}
1957      * <li>an array whose component type does not have a canonical name</li>
1958      * </ul>
1959      *
1960      * The canonical name for a primitive class is the keyword for the
1961      * corresponding primitive type ({@code byte}, {@code short},
1962      * {@code char}, {@code int}, and so on).
1963      *
1964      * <p>An array type has a canonical name if and only if its
1965      * component type has a canonical name. When an array type has a
1966      * canonical name, it is equal to the canonical name of the
1967      * component type followed by "{@code []}".
1968      *
1969      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1970      * {@code null} otherwise.
1971      * @jls 6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
1972      * @since 1.5
1973      */
1974     public String getCanonicalName() {
1975         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1976         String canonicalName = rd.canonicalName;
1977         if (canonicalName == null) {
1978             rd.canonicalName = canonicalName = getCanonicalName0();
1979         }
1980         return canonicalName == ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL? null : canonicalName;
1981     }
1982 
1983     private String getCanonicalName0() {
1984         if (isArray()) {
1985             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1986             if (canonicalName != null)
1987                 return canonicalName.concat("[]");
1988             else
1989                 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1990         }
1991         if (isHidden() || isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1992             return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1993         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1994         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1995             return getName();
1996         } else {
1997             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1998             if (enclosingName == null)
1999                 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
2000             String simpleName = getSimpleName();
2001             return new StringBuilder(enclosingName.length() + simpleName.length() + 1)
2002                     .append(enclosingName)
2003                     .append('.')
2004                     .append(simpleName)
2005                     .toString();
2006         }
2007     }
2008 
2009     /**
2010      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
2011      * is an anonymous class.
2012      *
2013      * @apiNote
2014      * An anonymous class is not a {@linkplain #isHidden() hidden class}.
2015      *
2016      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
2017      * @since 1.5
2018      * @jls 15.9.5 Anonymous Class Declarations
2019      */
2020     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
2021         return !isArray() && isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
2022                 getSimpleBinaryName0() == null;
2023     }
2024 
2025     /**
2026      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
2027      * is a local class.
2028      *
2029      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
2030      * @since 1.5
2031      * @jls 14.3 Local Class Declarations
2032      */
2033     public boolean isLocalClass() {
2034         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
2035                 (isArray() || getSimpleBinaryName0() != null);
2036     }
2037 
2038     /**
2039      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
2040      * is a member class.
2041      *
2042      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
2043      * @since 1.5
2044      * @jls 8.5 Member Type Declarations
2045      */
2046     public boolean isMemberClass() {
2047         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() != null;
2048     }
2049 
2050     /**
2051      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
2052      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
2053      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
2054      * class.
2055      */
2056     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
2057         if (isTopLevelClass())
2058             return null;
2059         String name = getSimpleBinaryName0();
2060         if (name == null) // anonymous class
2061             return "";
2062         return name;
2063     }
2064 
2065     private native String getSimpleBinaryName0();
2066 
2067     /**
2068      * Returns {@code true} if this is a top level class.  Returns {@code false}
2069      * otherwise.
2070      */
2071     private boolean isTopLevelClass() {
2072         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() == null;
2073     }
2074 
2075     /**
2076      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
2077      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
2078      */
2079     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
2080         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
2081         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
2082         // anonymous class.
2083         return hasEnclosingMethodInfo();
2084     }
2085 
2086     private boolean hasEnclosingMethodInfo() {
2087         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
2088         if (enclosingInfo != null) {
2089             EnclosingMethodInfo.validate(enclosingInfo);
2090             return true;
2091         }
2092         return false;
2093     }
2094 
2095     /**
2096      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
2097      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
2098      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
2099      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
2100      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
2101      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
2102      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
2103      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
2104      * class, or void.
2105      *
2106      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
2107      *         members of this class
2108      * @throws SecurityException
2109      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2110      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2111      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2112      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2113      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2114      *         of this class.
2115      *
2116      * @since 1.1
2117      */
2118     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2119     @CallerSensitive
2120     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
2121         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2122         if (sm != null) {
2123             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2124         }
2125 
2126         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
2127         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
2128         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
2129         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
2130         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
2131 
2132         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
2133             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
2134                 public Class<?>[] run() {
2135                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
2136                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
2137                     while (currentClass != null) {
2138                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
2139                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
2140                                 list.add(m);
2141                             }
2142                         }
2143                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
2144                     }
2145                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
2146                 }
2147             });
2148     }
2149 
2150 
2151     /**
2152      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
2153      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
2154      * this {@code Class} object.
2155      *
2156      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
2157      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
2158      * 0.
2159      *
2160      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
2161      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
2162      * superinterfaces.
2163      *
2164      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
2165      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
2166      * superinterfaces.
2167      *
2168      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2169      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2170      *
2171      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2172      * particular order.
2173      *
2174      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
2175      *         public fields
2176      * @throws SecurityException
2177      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2178      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2179      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2180      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2181      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2182      *         of this class.
2183      *
2184      * @since 1.1
2185      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2186      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2187      */
2188     @CallerSensitive
2189     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
2190         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2191         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2192         if (sm != null) {
2193             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2194         }
2195         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields());
2196     }
2197 
2198 
2199     /**
2200      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2201      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2202      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
2203      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
2204      *
2205      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
2206      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
2207      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
2208      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
2209      *
2210      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
2211      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
2212      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2213      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
2214      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
2215      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
2216      *
2217      * <p> The returned array never contains methods with names "{@code <init>}"
2218      * or "{@code <clinit>}".
2219      *
2220      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2221      * particular order.
2222      *
2223      * <p> Generally, the result is computed as with the following 4 step algorithm.
2224      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2225      * <ol>
2226      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2227      *   <ol type="a">
2228      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2229      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2230      *        methods.</li>
2231      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2232      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2233      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2234      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2235      *   </ol></li>
2236      * <li> Union from step 1 is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2237      *      signature (name, parameter types) and return type.</li>
2238      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2239      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same signature
2240      *      and return type. M is most specific if there is no such method
2241      *      N != M from the same set, such that N is more specific than M.
2242      *      N is more specific than M if:
2243      *   <ol type="a">
2244      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2245      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2246      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2247      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2248      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
2249      *   </ol></li>
2250      * <li> The result of this algorithm is the union of all selected methods from
2251      *      step 3.</li>
2252      * </ol>
2253      *
2254      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with a particular name
2255      * and parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2256      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2257      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
2258      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2259      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
2260      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2261      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2262      * method and the overriding method would have the same
2263      * signature but different return types.
2264      *
2265      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
2266      *         public methods of this class
2267      * @throws SecurityException
2268      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2269      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2270      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2271      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2272      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2273      *         of this class.
2274      *
2275      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2276      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2277      * @since 1.1
2278      */
2279     @CallerSensitive
2280     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
2281         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2282         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2283         if (sm != null) {
2284             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2285         }
2286         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
2287     }
2288 
2289 
2290     /**
2291      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
2292      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
2293      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
2294      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
2295      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
2296      *
2297      * @apiNote
2298      * While this method returns an array of {@code
2299      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
2300      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
2301      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
2302      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
2303      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
2304      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
2305      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
2306      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
2307      *
2308      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
2309      *         public constructors of this class
2310      * @throws SecurityException
2311      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2312      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2313      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2314      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2315      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2316      *         of this class.
2317      *
2318      * @see #getDeclaredConstructors()
2319      * @since 1.1
2320      */
2321     @CallerSensitive
2322     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2323         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2324         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2325         if (sm != null) {
2326             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2327         }
2328         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
2329     }
2330 
2331 
2332     /**
2333      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
2334      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2335      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
2336      * simple name of the desired field.
2337      *
2338      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
2339      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2340      *
2341      * <OL>
2342      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
2343      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
2344      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
2345      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
2346      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
2347      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
2348      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
2349      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
2350      *      is thrown.</LI>
2351      * </OL>
2352      *
2353      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2354      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2355      *
2356      * @param name the field name
2357      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
2358      *         {@code name}
2359      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2360      *         not found.
2361      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2362      * @throws SecurityException
2363      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2364      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2365      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2366      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2367      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2368      *         of this class.
2369      *
2370      * @since 1.1
2371      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2372      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2373      */
2374     @CallerSensitive
2375     public Field getField(String name)
2376         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2377         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2378         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2379         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2380         if (sm != null) {
2381             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2382         }
2383         Field field = getField0(name);
2384         if (field == null) {
2385             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2386         }
2387         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2388     }
2389 
2390 
2391     /**
2392      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
2393      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
2394      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2395      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
2396      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
2397      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
2398      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
2399      * treated as if it were an empty array.
2400      *
2401      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2402      * method finds any public method inherited by the array type from
2403      * {@code Object} except method {@code clone()}.
2404      *
2405      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then this
2406      * method does not find any implicitly declared method from
2407      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
2408      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces, then this method does not
2409      * find any method.
2410      *
2411      * <p> This method does not find any method with name "{@code <init>}" or
2412      * "{@code <clinit>}".
2413      *
2414      * <p> Generally, the method to be reflected is determined by the 4 step
2415      * algorithm that follows.
2416      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2417      * <ol>
2418      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2419      *   <ol type="a">
2420      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2421      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2422      *        methods that match given {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}</li>
2423      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2424      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2425      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2426      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2427      *   </ol></li>
2428      * <li> This union is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2429      *      return type (the selection of methods from step 1 also guarantees that
2430      *      they have the same method name and parameter types).</li>
2431      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2432      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same VM
2433      *      signature (return type, name, parameter types).
2434      *      M is most specific if there is no such method N != M from the same
2435      *      set, such that N is more specific than M. N is more specific than M
2436      *      if:
2437      *   <ol type="a">
2438      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2439      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2440      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2441      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2442      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
2443      *   </ol></li>
2444      * <li> The result of this algorithm is chosen arbitrarily from the methods
2445      *      with most specific return type among all selected methods from step 3.
2446      *      Let R be a return type of a method M from the set of all selected methods
2447      *      from step 3. M is a method with most specific return type if there is
2448      *      no such method N != M from the same set, having return type S != R,
2449      *      such that S is a subtype of R as determined by
2450      *      R.class.{@link #isAssignableFrom}(S.class).
2451      * </ol>
2452      *
2453      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with matching name and
2454      * parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2455      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2456      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
2457      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2458      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
2459      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2460      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2461      * method and the overriding method would have the same
2462      * signature but different return types. This method would return the
2463      * overriding method as it would have a more specific return type.
2464      *
2465      * @param name the name of the method
2466      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
2467      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
2468      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
2469      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
2470      *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
2471      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2472      * @throws SecurityException
2473      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2474      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2475      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2476      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2477      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2478      *         of this class.
2479      *
2480      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2481      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2482      * @since 1.1
2483      */
2484     @CallerSensitive
2485     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2486         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2487         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2488         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2489         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2490         if (sm != null) {
2491             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2492         }
2493         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
2494         if (method == null) {
2495             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2496         }
2497         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2498     }
2499 
2500     /**
2501      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2502      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
2503      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2504      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
2505      * parameter types, in declared order.
2506      *
2507      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2508      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2509      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2510      *
2511      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
2512      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
2513      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
2514      *
2515      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2516      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
2517      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
2518      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching constructor is not found,
2519      *         including when this {@code Class} object represents
2520      *         an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.
2521      * @throws SecurityException
2522      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2523      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2524      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2525      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2526      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2527      *         of this class.
2528      *
2529      * @see #getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>[])
2530      * @since 1.1
2531      */
2532     @CallerSensitive
2533     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2534         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2535     {
2536         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2537         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2538         if (sm != null) {
2539             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2540         }
2541         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2542             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
2543     }
2544 
2545 
2546     /**
2547      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
2548      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
2549      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2550      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
2551      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
2552      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
2553      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
2554      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
2555      *
2556      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
2557      *         declared members of this class
2558      * @throws SecurityException
2559      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2560      *         following conditions is met:
2561      *
2562      *         <ul>
2563      *
2564      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2565      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
2566      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2567      *         s.checkPermission} method with
2568      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2569      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
2570      *
2571      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2572      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2573      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2574      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2575      *         of this class
2576      *
2577      *         </ul>
2578      *
2579      * @since 1.1
2580      * @jls 8.5 Member Type Declarations
2581      */
2582     @CallerSensitive
2583     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
2584         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2585         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2586         if (sm != null) {
2587             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2588         }
2589         return getDeclaredClasses0();
2590     }
2591 
2592 
2593     /**
2594      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
2595      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
2596      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2597      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
2598      *
2599      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2600      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2601      *
2602      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2603      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2604      *
2605      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2606      * particular order.
2607      *
2608      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
2609      *          declared fields of this class
2610      * @throws  SecurityException
2611      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2612      *          following conditions is met:
2613      *
2614      *          <ul>
2615      *
2616      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2617      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2618      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2619      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2620      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2621      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
2622      *
2623      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2624      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2625      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2626      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2627      *          of this class
2628      *
2629      *          </ul>
2630      *
2631      * @since 1.1
2632      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2633      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2634      */
2635     @CallerSensitive
2636     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
2637         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2638         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2639         if (sm != null) {
2640             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2641         }
2642         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
2643     }
2644 
2645     /**
2646      * Returns an array of {@code RecordComponent} objects representing all the
2647      * record components of this record class, or {@code null} if this class is
2648      * not a record class.
2649      *
2650      * <p> The components are returned in the same order that they are declared
2651      * in the record header. The array is empty if this record class has no
2652      * components. If the class is not a record class, that is {@link
2653      * #isRecord()} returns {@code false}, then this method returns {@code null}.
2654      * Conversely, if {@link #isRecord()} returns {@code true}, then this method
2655      * returns a non-null value.
2656      *
2657      * @apiNote
2658      * <p> The following method can be used to find the record canonical constructor:
2659      *
2660      * <pre>{@code
2661      * static <T extends Record> Constructor<T> getCanonicalConstructor(Class<T> cls)
2662      *     throws NoSuchMethodException {
2663      *   Class<?>[] paramTypes =
2664      *     Arrays.stream(cls.getRecordComponents())
2665      *           .map(RecordComponent::getType)
2666      *           .toArray(Class<?>[]::new);
2667      *   return cls.getDeclaredConstructor(paramTypes);
2668      * }}</pre>
2669      *
2670      * @return  An array of {@code RecordComponent} objects representing all the
2671      *          record components of this record class, or {@code null} if this
2672      *          class is not a record class
2673      * @throws  SecurityException
2674      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2675      *          following conditions is met:
2676      *
2677      *          <ul>
2678      *
2679      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2680      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2681      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2682      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2683      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2684      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2685      *
2686      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2687      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2688      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2689      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2690      *          of this class
2691      *
2692      *          </ul>
2693      *
2694      * @jls 8.10 Record Classes
2695      * @since 16
2696      */
2697     @CallerSensitive
2698     public RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents() {
2699         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2700         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2701         if (sm != null) {
2702             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2703         }
2704         if (!isRecord()) {
2705             return null;
2706         }
2707         return getRecordComponents0();
2708     }
2709 
2710     /**
2711      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2712      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2713      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
2714      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
2715      * The declared methods may include methods <em>not</em> in the
2716      * source of the class or interface, including {@linkplain
2717      * Method#isBridge bridge methods} and other {@linkplain
2718      * Executable#isSynthetic synthetic} methods added by compilers.
2719      *
2720      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that
2721      * has multiple declared methods with the same name and parameter types,
2722      * but different return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method}
2723      * object for each such method.
2724      *
2725      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface that
2726      * has a class initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned
2727      * array does <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
2728      *
2729      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2730      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
2731      *
2732      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2733      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
2734      *
2735      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2736      * particular order.
2737      *
2738      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
2739      *          declared methods of this class
2740      * @throws  SecurityException
2741      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2742      *          following conditions is met:
2743      *
2744      *          <ul>
2745      *
2746      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2747      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2748      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2749      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2750      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2751      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2752      *
2753      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2754      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2755      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2756      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2757      *          of this class
2758      *
2759      *          </ul>
2760      *
2761      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2762      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2763      * @see <a
2764      * href="{@docRoot}/java.base/java/lang/reflect/package-summary.html#LanguageJvmModel">Java
2765      * programming language and JVM modeling in core reflection</a>
2766      * @since 1.1
2767      */
2768     @CallerSensitive
2769     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2770         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2771         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2772         if (sm != null) {
2773             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2774         }
2775         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2776     }
2777 
2778     /**
2779      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2780      * constructors implicitly or explicitly declared by the class represented by this
2781      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2782      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
2783      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
2784      * class has a default constructor (JLS {@jls 8.8.9}), it is included in the returned array.
2785      * If a record class has a canonical constructor (JLS {@jls
2786      * 8.10.4.1}, {@jls 8.10.4.2}), it is included in the returned array.
2787      *
2788      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2789      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2790      * void.
2791      *
2792      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2793      *          declared constructors of this class
2794      * @throws  SecurityException
2795      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2796      *          following conditions is met:
2797      *
2798      *          <ul>
2799      *
2800      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2801      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2802      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2803      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2804      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2805      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2806      *
2807      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2808      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2809      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2810      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2811      *          of this class
2812      *
2813      *          </ul>
2814      *
2815      * @since 1.1
2816      * @see #getConstructors()
2817      * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
2818      */
2819     @CallerSensitive
2820     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2821         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2822         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2823         if (sm != null) {
2824             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2825         }
2826         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2827     }
2828 
2829 
2830     /**
2831      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2832      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2833      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2834      * the simple name of the desired field.
2835      *
2836      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2837      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2838      *
2839      * @param name the name of the field
2840      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2841      *          class
2842      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2843      *          not found.
2844      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2845      * @throws  SecurityException
2846      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2847      *          following conditions is met:
2848      *
2849      *          <ul>
2850      *
2851      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2852      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2853      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2854      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2855      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2856      *          denies access to the declared field
2857      *
2858      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2859      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2860      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2861      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2862      *          of this class
2863      *
2864      *          </ul>
2865      *
2866      * @since 1.1
2867      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2868      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2869      */
2870     @CallerSensitive
2871     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2872         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2873         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2874         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2875         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2876         if (sm != null) {
2877             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2878         }
2879         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2880         if (field == null) {
2881             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2882         }
2883         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2884     }
2885 
2886 
2887     /**
2888      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2889      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2890      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2891      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2892      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2893      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2894      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2895      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2896      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2897      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2898      * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2899      * is raised.
2900      *
2901      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2902      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2903      *
2904      * @param name the name of the method
2905      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2906      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2907      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2908      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2909      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2910      * @throws  SecurityException
2911      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2912      *          following conditions is met:
2913      *
2914      *          <ul>
2915      *
2916      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2917      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2918      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2919      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2920      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2921      *          denies access to the declared method
2922      *
2923      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2924      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2925      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2926      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2927      *          of this class
2928      *
2929      *          </ul>
2930      *
2931      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2932      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2933      * @since 1.1
2934      */
2935     @CallerSensitive
2936     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2937         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2938         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2939         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
2940         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2941         if (sm != null) {
2942             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2943         }
2944         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2945         if (method == null) {
2946             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2947         }
2948         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2949     }
2950 
2951     /**
2952      * Returns the list of {@code Method} objects for the declared public
2953      * methods of this class or interface that have the specified method name
2954      * and parameter types.
2955      *
2956      * @param name the name of the method
2957      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2958      * @return the list of {@code Method} objects for the public methods of
2959      *         this class matching the specified name and parameters
2960      */
2961     List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2962         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
2963         ReflectionFactory factory = getReflectionFactory();
2964         List<Method> result = new ArrayList<>();
2965         for (Method method : methods) {
2966             if (method.getName().equals(name)
2967                 && Arrays.equals(
2968                     factory.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(method),
2969                     parameterTypes)) {
2970                 result.add(factory.copyMethod(method));
2971             }
2972         }
2973         return result;
2974     }
2975 
2976     /**
2977      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2978      * constructor of the class represented by this
2979      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2980      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2981      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2982      *
2983      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2984      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2985      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2986      *
2987      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2988      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2989      *          specified parameter list
2990      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching constructor is not found,
2991      *          including when this {@code Class} object represents
2992      *          an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or void.
2993      * @throws  SecurityException
2994      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2995      *          following conditions is met:
2996      *
2997      *          <ul>
2998      *
2999      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
3000      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
3001      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
3002      *          s.checkPermission} method with
3003      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
3004      *          denies access to the declared constructor
3005      *
3006      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
3007      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
3008      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
3009      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
3010      *          of this class
3011      *
3012      *          </ul>
3013      *
3014      * @see #getConstructor(Class<?>[])
3015      * @since 1.1
3016      */
3017     @CallerSensitive
3018     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
3019         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
3020     {
3021         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
3022         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3023         if (sm != null) {
3024             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
3025         }
3026 
3027         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
3028             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
3029     }
3030 
3031     /**
3032      * Finds a resource with a given name.
3033      *
3034      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
3035      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
3036      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
3037      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
3038      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
3039      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
3040      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
3041      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
3042      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
3043      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
3044      * caller's module.
3045      *
3046      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
3047      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
3048      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
3049      * delegates to this {@code Class} object's class loader.
3050      * If this {@code Class} object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader,
3051      * the method delegates to {@link ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
3052      *
3053      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
3054      * given resource name using this algorithm:
3055      *
3056      * <ul>
3057      *
3058      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
3059      * (<code>'&#92;u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
3060      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
3061      *
3062      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
3063      *
3064      * <blockquote>
3065      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
3066      * </blockquote>
3067      *
3068      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
3069      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
3070      * (<code>'&#92;u002e'</code>).
3071      *
3072      * </ul>
3073      *
3074      * @param  name name of the desired resource
3075      * @return  A {@link java.io.InputStream} object; {@code null} if no
3076      *          resource with this name is found, the resource is in a package
3077      *          that is not {@linkplain Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at
3078      *          least the caller module, or access to the resource is denied
3079      *          by the security manager.
3080      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
3081      *
3082      * @see Module#getResourceAsStream(String)
3083      * @since  1.1
3084      * @revised 9
3085      */
3086     @CallerSensitive
3087     public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
3088         name = resolveName(name);
3089 
3090         Module thisModule = getModule();
3091         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
3092             // check if resource can be located by caller
3093             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
3094                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
3095                 return null;
3096             }
3097 
3098             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
3099             String mn = thisModule.getName();
3100             ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3101             try {
3102 
3103                 // special-case built-in class loaders to avoid the
3104                 // need for a URL connection
3105                 if (cl == null) {
3106                     return BootLoader.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
3107                 } else if (cl instanceof BuiltinClassLoader) {
3108                     return ((BuiltinClassLoader) cl).findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
3109                 } else {
3110                     URL url = cl.findResource(mn, name);
3111                     return (url != null) ? url.openStream() : null;
3112                 }
3113 
3114             } catch (IOException | SecurityException e) {
3115                 return null;
3116             }
3117         }
3118 
3119         // unnamed module
3120         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3121         if (cl == null) {
3122             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
3123         } else {
3124             return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
3125         }
3126     }
3127 
3128     /**
3129      * Finds a resource with a given name.
3130      *
3131      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
3132      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
3133      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
3134      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
3135      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
3136      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
3137      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
3138      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
3139      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
3140      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
3141      * caller's module.
3142      *
3143      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
3144      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
3145      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
3146      * delegates to this {@code Class} object's class loader.
3147      * If this {@code Class} object was loaded by the bootstrap class loader,
3148      * the method delegates to {@link ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
3149      *
3150      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
3151      * given resource name using this algorithm:
3152      *
3153      * <ul>
3154      *
3155      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
3156      * (<code>'&#92;u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
3157      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
3158      *
3159      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
3160      *
3161      * <blockquote>
3162      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
3163      * </blockquote>
3164      *
3165      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
3166      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
3167      * (<code>'&#92;u002e'</code>).
3168      *
3169      * </ul>
3170      *
3171      * @param  name name of the desired resource
3172      * @return A {@link java.net.URL} object; {@code null} if no resource with
3173      *         this name is found, the resource cannot be located by a URL, the
3174      *         resource is in a package that is not
3175      *         {@linkplain Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at least the caller
3176      *         module, or access to the resource is denied by the security
3177      *         manager.
3178      * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
3179      * @since  1.1
3180      * @revised 9
3181      */
3182     @CallerSensitive
3183     public URL getResource(String name) {
3184         name = resolveName(name);
3185 
3186         Module thisModule = getModule();
3187         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
3188             // check if resource can be located by caller
3189             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
3190                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
3191                 return null;
3192             }
3193 
3194             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
3195             String mn = thisModule.getName();
3196             ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3197             try {
3198                 if (cl == null) {
3199                     return BootLoader.findResource(mn, name);
3200                 } else {
3201                     return cl.findResource(mn, name);
3202                 }
3203             } catch (IOException ioe) {
3204                 return null;
3205             }
3206         }
3207 
3208         // unnamed module
3209         ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3210         if (cl == null) {
3211             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
3212         } else {
3213             return cl.getResource(name);
3214         }
3215     }
3216 
3217     /**
3218      * Returns true if a resource with the given name can be located by the
3219      * given caller. All resources in a module can be located by code in
3220      * the module. For other callers, then the package needs to be open to
3221      * the caller.
3222      */
3223     private boolean isOpenToCaller(String name, Class<?> caller) {
3224         // assert getModule().isNamed();
3225         Module thisModule = getModule();
3226         Module callerModule = (caller != null) ? caller.getModule() : null;
3227         if (callerModule != thisModule) {
3228             String pn = Resources.toPackageName(name);
3229             if (thisModule.getDescriptor().packages().contains(pn)) {
3230                 if (callerModule == null) {
3231                     // no caller, return true if the package is open to all modules
3232                     return thisModule.isOpen(pn);
3233                 }
3234                 if (!thisModule.isOpen(pn, callerModule)) {
3235                     // package not open to caller
3236                     return false;
3237                 }
3238             }
3239         }
3240         return true;
3241     }
3242 
3243 
3244     /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
3245     private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
3246 
3247     /**
3248      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
3249      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
3250      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
3251      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
3252      * ensure it's ok to get the
3253      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
3254      *
3255      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
3256      *
3257      * @throws SecurityException
3258      *        if a security manager exists and its
3259      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
3260      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
3261      *
3262      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
3263      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
3264      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
3265      * @since 1.2
3266      */
3267     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
3268         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
3269         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
3270         if (sm != null) {
3271             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
3272         }
3273         return protectionDomain();
3274     }
3275 
3276     // package-private
3277     java.security.ProtectionDomain protectionDomain() {
3278         java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
3279         if (pd == null) {
3280             if (allPermDomain == null) {
3281                 java.security.Permissions perms =
3282                     new java.security.Permissions();
3283                 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
3284                 allPermDomain =
3285                     new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
3286             }
3287             pd = allPermDomain;
3288         }
3289         return pd;
3290     }
3291 
3292     /**
3293      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
3294      */
3295     private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
3296 
3297     /*
3298      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
3299      * primitive type.
3300      */
3301     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
3302 
3303     /*
3304      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
3305      * throw a SecurityException.
3306      *
3307      * This method also enforces package access.
3308      *
3309      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
3310      * control.
3311      *
3312      * <p> NOTE: should only be called if a SecurityManager is installed
3313      */
3314     private void checkMemberAccess(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm, int which,
3315                                    Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
3316         /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
3317          * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
3318          * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
3319          * permission.
3320          */
3321         final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
3322         if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
3323             final ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3324             if (ccl != cl) {
3325                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
3326             }
3327         }
3328         this.checkPackageAccess(sm, ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
3329     }
3330 
3331     /*
3332      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
3333      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
3334      * throw a SecurityException.
3335      *
3336      * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
3337      */
3338     private void checkPackageAccess(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm, final ClassLoader ccl,
3339                                     boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
3340         final ClassLoader cl = classLoader;
3341 
3342         if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
3343             String pkg = this.getPackageName();
3344             if (!pkg.isEmpty()) {
3345                 // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
3346                 if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
3347                     sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
3348                 }
3349             }
3350         }
3351         // check package access on the proxy interfaces
3352         if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
3353             ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false));
3354         }
3355     }
3356 
3357     /*
3358      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access the provided
3359      * classes under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
3360      * throw a SecurityException.
3361      *
3362      * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
3363      *       classes must be non-empty
3364      *       all classes provided must be loaded by the same ClassLoader
3365      * NOTE: this method does not support Proxy classes
3366      */
3367     private static void checkPackageAccessForPermittedSubclasses(@SuppressWarnings("removal") SecurityManager sm,
3368                                     final ClassLoader ccl, Class<?>[] subClasses) {
3369         final ClassLoader cl = subClasses[0].classLoader;
3370 
3371         if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
3372             Set<String> packages = new HashSet<>();
3373 
3374             for (Class<?> c : subClasses) {
3375                 if (Proxy.isProxyClass(c))
3376                     throw new InternalError("a permitted subclass should not be a proxy class: " + c);
3377                 String pkg = c.getPackageName();
3378                 if (!pkg.isEmpty()) {
3379                     packages.add(pkg);
3380                 }
3381             }
3382             for (String pkg : packages) {
3383                 sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
3384             }
3385         }
3386     }
3387 
3388     /**
3389      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute. Remove leading "/"
3390      * if name is absolute
3391      */
3392     private String resolveName(String name) {
3393         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
3394             String baseName = getPackageName();
3395             if (!baseName.isEmpty()) {
3396                 int len = baseName.length() + 1 + name.length();
3397                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(len);
3398                 name = sb.append(baseName.replace('.', '/'))
3399                     .append('/')
3400                     .append(name)
3401                     .toString();
3402             }
3403         } else {
3404             name = name.substring(1);
3405         }
3406         return name;
3407     }
3408 
3409     /**
3410      * Atomic operations support.
3411      */
3412     private static class Atomic {
3413         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
3414         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
3415         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
3416         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
3417         private static final long reflectionDataOffset
3418                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "reflectionData");
3419         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
3420         private static final long annotationTypeOffset
3421                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationType");
3422         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
3423         private static final long annotationDataOffset
3424                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationData");
3425 
3426         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
3427                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
3428                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
3429             return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
3430         }
3431 
3432         static boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
3433                                          AnnotationType oldType,
3434                                          AnnotationType newType) {
3435             return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
3436         }
3437 
3438         static boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
3439                                          AnnotationData oldData,
3440                                          AnnotationData newData) {
3441             return unsafe.compareAndSetReference(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
3442         }
3443     }
3444 
3445     /**
3446      * Reflection support.
3447      */
3448 
3449     // Reflection data caches various derived names and reflective members. Cached
3450     // values may be invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3451     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
3452         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
3453         volatile Field[] publicFields;
3454         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
3455         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
3456         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
3457         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
3458         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
3459         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
3460         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
3461         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
3462 
3463         // Cached names
3464         String simpleName;
3465         String canonicalName;
3466         static final String NULL_SENTINEL = new String();
3467 
3468         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
3469         final int redefinedCount;
3470 
3471         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
3472             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3473         }
3474     }
3475 
3476     private transient volatile SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
3477 
3478     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
3479     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
3480     private transient volatile int classRedefinedCount;
3481 
3482     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
3483     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
3484         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3485         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3486         ReflectionData<T> rd;
3487         if (reflectionData != null &&
3488             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
3489             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3490             return rd;
3491         }
3492         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
3493         // -> create and replace new instance
3494         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
3495     }
3496 
3497     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
3498                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
3499         while (true) {
3500             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
3501             // try to CAS it...
3502             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
3503                 return rd;
3504             }
3505             // else retry
3506             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
3507             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3508             if (oldReflectionData != null &&
3509                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
3510                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3511                 return rd;
3512             }
3513         }
3514     }
3515 
3516     // Generic signature handling
3517     private native String getGenericSignature0();
3518 
3519     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
3520     private transient volatile ClassRepository genericInfo;
3521 
3522     // accessor for factory
3523     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
3524         // create scope and factory
3525         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
3526     }
3527 
3528     // accessor for generic info repository;
3529     // generic info is lazily initialized
3530     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
3531         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
3532         if (genericInfo == null) {
3533             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
3534             if (signature == null) {
3535                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
3536             } else {
3537                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
3538             }
3539             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
3540         }
3541         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
3542     }
3543 
3544     // Annotations handling
3545     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
3546     // Since 1.8
3547     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
3548     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
3549         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
3550     }
3551 
3552     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
3553 
3554     //
3555     //
3556     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
3557     //
3558     //
3559 
3560     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3561     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3562     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3563     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
3564         Field[] res;
3565         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3566         if (rd != null) {
3567             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
3568             if (res != null) return res;
3569         }
3570         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3571         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
3572         if (rd != null) {
3573             if (publicOnly) {
3574                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
3575             } else {
3576                 rd.declaredFields = res;
3577             }
3578         }
3579         return res;
3580     }
3581 
3582     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3583     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3584     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3585     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields() {
3586         Field[] res;
3587         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3588         if (rd != null) {
3589             res = rd.publicFields;
3590             if (res != null) return res;
3591         }
3592 
3593         // Use a linked hash set to ensure order is preserved and
3594         // fields from common super interfaces are not duplicated
3595         LinkedHashSet<Field> fields = new LinkedHashSet<>();
3596 
3597         // Local fields
3598         addAll(fields, privateGetDeclaredFields(true));
3599 
3600         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3601         for (Class<?> si : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3602             addAll(fields, si.privateGetPublicFields());
3603         }
3604 
3605         // Direct superclass, recursively
3606         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3607         if (sc != null) {
3608             addAll(fields, sc.privateGetPublicFields());
3609         }
3610 
3611         res = fields.toArray(new Field[0]);
3612         if (rd != null) {
3613             rd.publicFields = res;
3614         }
3615         return res;
3616     }
3617 
3618     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
3619         for (Field f : o) {
3620             c.add(f);
3621         }
3622     }
3623 
3624 
3625     //
3626     //
3627     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
3628     //
3629     //
3630 
3631     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
3632     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
3633     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3634     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
3635         Constructor<T>[] res;
3636         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3637         if (rd != null) {
3638             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
3639             if (res != null) return res;
3640         }
3641         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3642         if (isInterface()) {
3643             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3644             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
3645             res = temporaryRes;
3646         } else {
3647             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
3648         }
3649         if (rd != null) {
3650             if (publicOnly) {
3651                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
3652             } else {
3653                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
3654             }
3655         }
3656         return res;
3657     }
3658 
3659     //
3660     //
3661     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
3662     //
3663     //
3664 
3665     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3666     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3667     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3668     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
3669         Method[] res;
3670         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3671         if (rd != null) {
3672             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
3673             if (res != null) return res;
3674         }
3675         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3676         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
3677         if (rd != null) {
3678             if (publicOnly) {
3679                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
3680             } else {
3681                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
3682             }
3683         }
3684         return res;
3685     }
3686 
3687     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3688     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3689     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3690     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
3691         Method[] res;
3692         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3693         if (rd != null) {
3694             res = rd.publicMethods;
3695             if (res != null) return res;
3696         }
3697 
3698         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
3699         // Start by fetching public declared methods...
3700         PublicMethods pms = new PublicMethods();
3701         for (Method m : privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true)) {
3702             pms.merge(m);
3703         }
3704         // ...then recur over superclass methods...
3705         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3706         if (sc != null) {
3707             for (Method m : sc.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3708                 pms.merge(m);
3709             }
3710         }
3711         // ...and finally over direct superinterfaces.
3712         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3713             for (Method m : intf.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3714                 // static interface methods are not inherited
3715                 if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
3716                     pms.merge(m);
3717                 }
3718             }
3719         }
3720 
3721         res = pms.toArray();
3722         if (rd != null) {
3723             rd.publicMethods = res;
3724         }
3725         return res;
3726     }
3727 
3728 
3729     //
3730     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
3731     //
3732 
3733     // This method does not copy the returned Field object!
3734     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
3735         for (Field field : fields) {
3736             if (field.getName().equals(name)) {
3737                 return field;
3738             }
3739         }
3740         return null;
3741     }
3742 
3743     // Returns a "root" Field object. This Field object must NOT
3744     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3745     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3746     private Field getField0(String name) {
3747         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3748         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3749         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
3750         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
3751         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
3752         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
3753         // class which is being queried.
3754         Field res;
3755         // Search declared public fields
3756         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
3757             return res;
3758         }
3759         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3760         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false);
3761         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
3762             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3763                 return res;
3764             }
3765         }
3766         // Direct superclass, recursively
3767         if (!isInterface()) {
3768             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3769             if (c != null) {
3770                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3771                     return res;
3772                 }
3773             }
3774         }
3775         return null;
3776     }
3777 
3778     // This method does not copy the returned Method object!
3779     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
3780                                         String name,
3781                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
3782     {
3783         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3784         Method res = null;
3785         for (Method m : methods) {
3786             if (m.getName().equals(name)
3787                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3788                                    fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))
3789                 && (res == null
3790                     || (res.getReturnType() != m.getReturnType()
3791                         && res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType()))))
3792                 res = m;
3793         }
3794         return res;
3795     }
3796 
3797     private static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class<?>[0];
3798 
3799     // Returns a "root" Method object. This Method object must NOT
3800     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3801     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3802     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
3803         PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(
3804             name,
3805             parameterTypes == null ? EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY : parameterTypes,
3806             /* includeStatic */ true);
3807         return res == null ? null : res.getMostSpecific();
3808     }
3809 
3810     // Returns a list of "root" Method objects. These Method objects must NOT
3811     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3812     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3813     private PublicMethods.MethodList getMethodsRecursive(String name,
3814                                                          Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3815                                                          boolean includeStatic) {
3816         // 1st check declared public methods
3817         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
3818         PublicMethods.MethodList res = PublicMethods.MethodList
3819             .filter(methods, name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3820         // if there is at least one match among declared methods, we need not
3821         // search any further as such match surely overrides matching methods
3822         // declared in superclass(es) or interface(s).
3823         if (res != null) {
3824             return res;
3825         }
3826 
3827         // if there was no match among declared methods,
3828         // we must consult the superclass (if any) recursively...
3829         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3830         if (sc != null) {
3831             res = sc.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3832         }
3833 
3834         // ...and coalesce the superclass methods with methods obtained
3835         // from directly implemented interfaces excluding static methods...
3836         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3837             res = PublicMethods.MethodList.merge(
3838                 res, intf.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes,
3839                                               /* includeStatic */ false));
3840         }
3841 
3842         return res;
3843     }
3844 
3845     // Returns a "root" Constructor object. This Constructor object must NOT
3846     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3847     // via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3848     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3849                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
3850     {
3851         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3852         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
3853         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
3854             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3855                                 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(constructor))) {
3856                 return constructor;
3857             }
3858         }
3859         throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(isValue() ? "<vnew>" : "<init>", parameterTypes));
3860     }
3861 
3862     //
3863     // Other helpers and base implementation
3864     //
3865 
3866     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
3867         if (a1 == null) {
3868             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
3869         }
3870 
3871         if (a2 == null) {
3872             return a1.length == 0;
3873         }
3874 
3875         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
3876             return false;
3877         }
3878 
3879         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
3880             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
3881                 return false;
3882             }
3883         }
3884 
3885         return true;
3886     }
3887 
3888     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3889         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3890         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3891         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3892             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3893         }
3894         return out;
3895     }
3896 
3897     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3898         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3899         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3900         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3901             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3902         }
3903         return out;
3904     }
3905 
3906     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3907         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3908         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3909         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3910             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3911         }
3912         return out;
3913     }
3914 
3915     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3916     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3917     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3918     private native Class<?>[]    getDeclaredClasses0();
3919 
3920     /*
3921      * Returns an array containing the components of the Record attribute,
3922      * or null if the attribute is not present.
3923      *
3924      * Note that this method returns non-null array on a class with
3925      * the Record attribute even if this class is not a record.
3926      */
3927     private native RecordComponent[] getRecordComponents0();
3928     private native boolean       isRecord0();
3929 
3930     /**
3931      * Helper method to get the method name from arguments.
3932      */
3933     private String methodToString(String name, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3934         return getName() + '.' + name +
3935                 ((argTypes == null || argTypes.length == 0) ?
3936                 "()" :
3937                 Arrays.stream(argTypes)
3938                         .map(c -> c == null ? "null" : c.getName())
3939                         .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")));
3940     }
3941 
3942     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3943     @java.io.Serial
3944     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3945 
3946 
3947     /**
3948      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3949      *
3950      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3951      * following format:
3952      * <pre>
3953      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3954      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3955      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3956      * </pre>
3957      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3958      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3959      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3960      *
3961      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3962      */
3963     @java.io.Serial
3964     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3965         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3966 
3967 
3968     /**
3969      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3970      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3971      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3972      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3973      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3974      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3975      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3976      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3977      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3978      *
3979      * @apiNote
3980      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3981      * for the benefit of the JDK itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3982      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3983      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3984      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3985      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3986      *
3987      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3988      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3989      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3990      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3991      * @since  1.4
3992      */
3993     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3994         ClassLoader loader = classLoader;
3995         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3996         if (loader == null)
3997             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3998 
3999         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
4000         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
4001         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
4002             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
4003                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
4004             }
4005         }
4006         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
4007     }
4008 
4009     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
4010     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
4011 
4012     /**
4013      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
4014      * source code.
4015      *
4016      * Note that {@link java.lang.Enum} is not itself an enum class.
4017      *
4018      * Also note that if an enum constant is declared with a class body,
4019      * the class of that enum constant object is an anonymous class
4020      * and <em>not</em> the class of the declaring enum class. The
4021      * {@link Enum#getDeclaringClass} method of an enum constant can
4022      * be used to get the class of the enum class declaring the
4023      * constant.
4024      *
4025      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
4026      *     source code
4027      * @since 1.5
4028      * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
4029      */
4030     public boolean isEnum() {
4031         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
4032         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
4033         // don't do the former.
4034         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
4035         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
4036     }
4037 
4038     /**
4039      * Returns {@code true} if and only if this class is a record class.
4040      *
4041      * <p> The {@linkplain #getSuperclass() direct superclass} of a record
4042      * class is {@code java.lang.Record}. A record class is {@linkplain
4043      * Modifier#FINAL final}. A record class has (possibly zero) record
4044      * components; {@link #getRecordComponents()} returns a non-null but
4045      * possibly empty value for a record.
4046      *
4047      * <p> Note that class {@link Record} is not a record class and thus
4048      * invoking this method on class {@code Record} returns {@code false}.
4049      *
4050      * @return true if and only if this class is a record class, otherwise false
4051      * @jls 8.10 Record Classes
4052      * @since 16
4053      */
4054     public boolean isRecord() {
4055         // this superclass and final modifier check is not strictly necessary
4056         // they are intrinsified and serve as a fast-path check
4057         return getSuperclass() == java.lang.Record.class &&
4058                 (this.getModifiers() & Modifier.FINAL) != 0 &&
4059                 isRecord0();
4060     }
4061 
4062     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
4063     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4064     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
4065         var factory = reflectionFactory;
4066         if (factory != null) {
4067             return factory;
4068         }
4069         return reflectionFactory =
4070                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
4071                         (new ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
4072     }
4073     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
4074 
4075     /**
4076      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
4077      * Class object does not represent an enum class.
4078      *
4079      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
4080      *     represented by this {@code Class} object in the order they're
4081      *     declared, or null if this {@code Class} object does not
4082      *     represent an enum class
4083      * @since 1.5
4084      * @jls 8.9.1 Enum Constants
4085      */
4086     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
4087         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
4088         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
4089     }
4090 
4091     /**
4092      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
4093      * Class object does not represent an enum class;
4094      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
4095      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
4096      */
4097     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4098     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
4099         T[] constants = enumConstants;
4100         if (constants == null) {
4101             if (!isEnum()) return null;
4102             try {
4103                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
4104                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
4105                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
4106                         public Void run() {
4107                                 values.setAccessible(true);
4108                                 return null;
4109                             }
4110                         });
4111                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4112                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
4113                 enumConstants = constants = temporaryConstants;
4114             }
4115             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
4116             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
4117             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
4118                    IllegalAccessException | NullPointerException |
4119                    ClassCastException ex) { return null; }
4120         }
4121         return constants;
4122     }
4123     private transient volatile T[] enumConstants;
4124 
4125     /**
4126      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
4127      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
4128      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
4129      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
4130      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
4131      */
4132     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
4133         Map<String, T> directory = enumConstantDirectory;
4134         if (directory == null) {
4135             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
4136             if (universe == null)
4137                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
4138                     getName() + " is not an enum class");
4139             directory = HashMap.newHashMap(universe.length);
4140             for (T constant : universe) {
4141                 directory.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
4142             }
4143             enumConstantDirectory = directory;
4144         }
4145         return directory;
4146     }
4147     private transient volatile Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory;
4148 
4149     /**
4150      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
4151      * by this {@code Class} object.
4152      *
4153      * @param obj the object to be cast
4154      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
4155      *
4156      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
4157      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
4158      *
4159      * @since 1.5
4160      */
4161     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4162     @IntrinsicCandidate
4163     public T cast(Object obj) {
4164         if (isPrimitiveValueType() && obj == null)
4165             throw new NullPointerException(getName() + " is a primitive value type");
4166 
4167         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
4168             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
4169         return (T) obj;
4170     }
4171 
4172     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
4173         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
4174     }
4175 
4176     /**
4177      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
4178      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
4179      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
4180      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this {@code Class} object.
4181      *
4182      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
4183      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
4184      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
4185      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
4186      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
4187      * by erasure).
4188      *
4189      * @param <U> the type to cast this {@code Class} object to
4190      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this {@code Class} object to
4191      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
4192      *    the specified class object.
4193      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
4194      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
4195      *    the class itself).
4196      * @since 1.5
4197      */
4198     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4199     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
4200         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
4201             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
4202         else
4203             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
4204     }
4205 
4206     /**
4207      * {@inheritDoc}
4208      * <p>Note that any annotation returned by this method is a
4209      * declaration annotation.
4210      *
4211      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4212      * @since 1.5
4213      */
4214     @Override
4215     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4216     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4217         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4218 
4219         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
4220     }
4221 
4222     /**
4223      * {@inheritDoc}
4224      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4225      * @since 1.5
4226      */
4227     @Override
4228     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
4229         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
4230     }
4231 
4232     /**
4233      * {@inheritDoc}
4234      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4235      * declaration annotations.
4236      *
4237      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4238      * @since 1.8
4239      */
4240     @Override
4241     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4242         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4243 
4244         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
4245         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
4246                                                           this,
4247                                                           annotationClass);
4248     }
4249 
4250     /**
4251      * {@inheritDoc}
4252      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4253      * declaration annotations.
4254      *
4255      * @since 1.5
4256      */
4257     @Override
4258     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
4259         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
4260     }
4261 
4262     /**
4263      * {@inheritDoc}
4264      * <p>Note that any annotation returned by this method is a
4265      * declaration annotation.
4266      *
4267      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4268      * @since 1.8
4269      */
4270     @Override
4271     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
4272     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4273         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4274 
4275         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
4276     }
4277 
4278     /**
4279      * {@inheritDoc}
4280      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4281      * declaration annotations.
4282      *
4283      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
4284      * @since 1.8
4285      */
4286     @Override
4287     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
4288         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
4289 
4290         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
4291                                                                  annotationClass);
4292     }
4293 
4294     /**
4295      * {@inheritDoc}
4296      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
4297      * declaration annotations.
4298      *
4299      * @since 1.5
4300      */
4301     @Override
4302     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
4303         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
4304     }
4305 
4306     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
4307     private static class AnnotationData {
4308         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
4309         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
4310 
4311         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
4312         final int redefinedCount;
4313 
4314         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
4315                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
4316                        int redefinedCount) {
4317             this.annotations = annotations;
4318             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
4319             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
4320         }
4321     }
4322 
4323     // Annotations cache
4324     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
4325     private transient volatile AnnotationData annotationData;
4326 
4327     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
4328         while (true) { // retry loop
4329             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
4330             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
4331             if (annotationData != null &&
4332                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
4333                 return annotationData;
4334             }
4335             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
4336             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
4337             // try to install it
4338             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
4339                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
4340                 return newAnnotationData;
4341             }
4342         }
4343     }
4344 
4345     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
4346         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
4347             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4348         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
4349         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
4350         if (superClass != null) {
4351             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
4352                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
4353             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
4354                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
4355                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
4356                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
4357                         annotations = LinkedHashMap.newLinkedHashMap(Math.max(
4358                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
4359                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
4360                             )
4361                         );
4362                     }
4363                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
4364                 }
4365             }
4366         }
4367         if (annotations == null) {
4368             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
4369             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
4370         } else {
4371             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
4372             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
4373         }
4374         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
4375     }
4376 
4377     // Annotation interfaces cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
4378 
4379     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
4380     private transient volatile AnnotationType annotationType;
4381 
4382     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
4383         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
4384     }
4385 
4386     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
4387         return annotationType;
4388     }
4389 
4390     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
4391         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
4392     }
4393 
4394     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
4395      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
4396      */
4397     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
4398 
4399     /**
4400      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
4401      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
4402      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
4403      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of class
4404      * Foo.)
4405      *
4406      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class whose declaration
4407      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
4408      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
4409      * annotations.
4410      *
4411      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
4412      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
4413      * value is {@code null}.
4414      *
4415      * @return an object representing the superclass
4416      * @since 1.8
4417      */
4418     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
4419         if (this == Object.class ||
4420                 isInterface() ||
4421                 isArray() ||
4422                 isPrimitive() ||
4423                 this == Void.TYPE) {
4424             return null;
4425         }
4426 
4427         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4428     }
4429 
4430     /**
4431      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
4432      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
4433      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
4434      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
4435      * <em>declaration</em> of interface Foo.)
4436      *
4437      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
4438      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
4439      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
4440      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
4441      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
4442      *
4443      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
4444      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
4445      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
4446      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
4447      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
4448      * {@code Class} object.
4449      *
4450      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
4451      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
4452      * the return value is an array of length 0.
4453      *
4454      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
4455      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
4456      * array of length 0.
4457      *
4458      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
4459      * @since 1.8
4460      */
4461     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
4462         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
4463     }
4464 
4465     private native Class<?> getNestHost0();
4466 
4467     /**
4468      * Returns the nest host of the <a href=#nest>nest</a> to which the class
4469      * or interface represented by this {@code Class} object belongs.
4470      * Every class and interface belongs to exactly one nest.
4471      *
4472      * If the nest host of this class or interface has previously
4473      * been determined, then this method returns the nest host.
4474      * If the nest host of this class or interface has
4475      * not previously been determined, then this method determines the nest
4476      * host using the algorithm of JVMS 5.4.4, and returns it.
4477      *
4478      * Often, a class or interface belongs to a nest consisting only of itself,
4479      * in which case this method returns {@code this} to indicate that the class
4480      * or interface is the nest host.
4481      *
4482      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array type,
4483      * or {@code void}, then this method returns {@code this},
4484      * indicating that the represented entity belongs to the nest consisting only of
4485      * itself, and is the nest host.
4486      *
4487      * @return the nest host of this class or interface
4488      *
4489      * @throws SecurityException
4490      *         If the returned class is not the current class, and
4491      *         if a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4492      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4493      *         loader for the returned class and invocation of {@link
4494      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4495      *         denies access to the package of the returned class
4496      * @since 11
4497      * @jvms 4.7.28 The {@code NestHost} Attribute
4498      * @jvms 4.7.29 The {@code NestMembers} Attribute
4499      * @jvms 5.4.4 Access Control
4500      */
4501     @CallerSensitive
4502     public Class<?> getNestHost() {
4503         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
4504             return this;
4505         }
4506 
4507         Class<?> host = getNestHost0();
4508         if (host == this) {
4509             return this;
4510         }
4511         // returning a different class requires a security check
4512         @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4513         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4514         if (sm != null) {
4515             checkPackageAccess(sm,
4516                                ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
4517         }
4518         return host;
4519     }
4520 
4521     /**
4522      * Determines if the given {@code Class} is a nestmate of the
4523      * class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object.
4524      * Two classes or interfaces are nestmates
4525      * if they have the same {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host}.
4526      *
4527      * @param c the class to check
4528      * @return {@code true} if this class and {@code c} are members of
4529      * the same nest; and {@code false} otherwise.
4530      *
4531      * @since 11
4532      */
4533     public boolean isNestmateOf(Class<?> c) {
4534         if (this == c) {
4535             return true;
4536         }
4537         if (isPrimitive() || isArray() ||
4538             c.isPrimitive() || c.isArray()) {
4539             return false;
4540         }
4541 
4542         return getNestHost() == c.getNestHost();
4543     }
4544 
4545     private native Class<?>[] getNestMembers0();
4546 
4547     /**
4548      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all the
4549      * classes and interfaces that are members of the nest to which the class
4550      * or interface represented by this {@code Class} object belongs.
4551      *
4552      * First, this method obtains the {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host},
4553      * {@code H}, of the nest to which the class or interface represented by
4554      * this {@code Class} object belongs. The zeroth element of the returned
4555      * array is {@code H}.
4556      *
4557      * Then, for each class or interface {@code C} which is recorded by {@code H}
4558      * as being a member of its nest, this method attempts to obtain the {@code Class}
4559      * object for {@code C} (using {@linkplain #getClassLoader() the defining class
4560      * loader} of the current {@code Class} object), and then obtains the
4561      * {@linkplain #getNestHost() nest host} of the nest to which {@code C} belongs.
4562      * The classes and interfaces which are recorded by {@code H} as being members
4563      * of its nest, and for which {@code H} can be determined as their nest host,
4564      * are indicated by subsequent elements of the returned array. The order of
4565      * such elements is unspecified. Duplicates are permitted.
4566      *
4567      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array type,
4568      * or {@code void}, then this method returns a single-element array containing
4569      * {@code this}.
4570      *
4571      * @apiNote
4572      * The returned array includes only the nest members recorded in the {@code NestMembers}
4573      * attribute, and not any hidden classes that were added to the nest via
4574      * {@link MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
4575      * Lookup::defineHiddenClass}.
4576      *
4577      * @return an array of all classes and interfaces in the same nest as
4578      * this class or interface
4579      *
4580      * @throws SecurityException
4581      * If any returned class is not the current class, and
4582      * if a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4583      * class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4584      * loader for that returned class and invocation of {@link
4585      * SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4586      * denies access to the package of that returned class
4587      *
4588      * @since 11
4589      * @see #getNestHost()
4590      * @jvms 4.7.28 The {@code NestHost} Attribute
4591      * @jvms 4.7.29 The {@code NestMembers} Attribute
4592      */
4593     @CallerSensitive
4594     public Class<?>[] getNestMembers() {
4595         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
4596             return new Class<?>[] { this };
4597         }
4598         Class<?>[] members = getNestMembers0();
4599         // Can't actually enable this due to bootstrapping issues
4600         // assert(members.length != 1 || members[0] == this); // expected invariant from VM
4601 
4602         if (members.length > 1) {
4603             // If we return anything other than the current class we need
4604             // a security check
4605             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4606             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4607             if (sm != null) {
4608                 checkPackageAccess(sm,
4609                                    ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
4610             }
4611         }
4612         return members;
4613     }
4614 
4615     /**
4616      * Returns the descriptor string of the entity (class, interface, array class,
4617      * primitive type, or {@code void}) represented by this {@code Class} object.
4618      *
4619      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface,
4620      * not an array class, then:
4621      * <ul>
4622      * <li> If the class or interface is not {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden},
4623      *      then the result is a field descriptor (JVMS {@jvms 4.3.2})
4624      *      for the class or interface. Calling
4625      *      {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}
4626      *      with the result descriptor string produces a {@link ClassDesc ClassDesc}
4627      *      describing this class or interface.
4628      * <li> If the class or interface is {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden},
4629      *      then the result is a string of the form:
4630      *      <blockquote>
4631      *      {@code "L" +} <em>N</em> {@code + "." + <suffix> + ";"}
4632      *      </blockquote>
4633      *      where <em>N</em> is the <a href="ClassLoader.html#binary-name">binary name</a>
4634      *      encoded in internal form indicated by the {@code class} file passed to
4635      *      {@link MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass(byte[], boolean, MethodHandles.Lookup.ClassOption...)
4636      *      Lookup::defineHiddenClass}, and {@code <suffix>} is an unqualified name.
4637      *      A hidden class or interface has no {@linkplain ClassDesc nominal descriptor}.
4638      *      The result string is not a type descriptor.
4639      * </ul>
4640      *
4641      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array class, then
4642      * the result is a string consisting of one or more '{@code [}' characters
4643      * representing the depth of the array nesting, followed by the
4644      * descriptor string of the element type.
4645      * <ul>
4646      * <li> If the element type is not a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden} class
4647      * or interface, then this array class can be described nominally.
4648      * Calling {@link ClassDesc#ofDescriptor(String) ClassDesc::ofDescriptor}
4649      * with the result descriptor string produces a {@link ClassDesc ClassDesc}
4650      * describing this array class.
4651      * <li> If the element type is a {@linkplain Class#isHidden() hidden} class or
4652      * interface, then this array class cannot be described nominally.
4653      * The result string is not a type descriptor.
4654      * </ul>
4655      *
4656      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or
4657      * {@code void}, then the result is a field descriptor string which
4658      * is a one-letter code corresponding to a primitive type or {@code void}
4659      * ({@code "B", "C", "D", "F", "I", "J", "S", "Z", "V"}) (JVMS {@jvms 4.3.2}).
4660      *
4661      * @apiNote
4662      * This is not a strict inverse of {@link #forName};
4663      * distinct classes which share a common name but have different class loaders
4664      * will have identical descriptor strings.
4665      *
4666      * @return the descriptor string for this {@code Class} object
4667      * @jvms 4.3.2 Field Descriptors
4668      * @since 12
4669      */
4670     @Override
4671     public String descriptorString() {
4672         if (isPrimitive())
4673             return Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(this).basicTypeString();
4674 
4675         if (isArray()) {
4676             return "[" + componentType.descriptorString();
4677         }
4678         char typeDesc = isPrimitiveValueType() ? 'Q' : 'L';
4679         if (isHidden()) {
4680             String name = getName();
4681             int index = name.indexOf('/');
4682             return new StringBuilder(name.length() + 2)
4683                     .append(typeDesc)
4684                     .append(name.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/'))
4685                     .append('.')
4686                     .append(name, index + 1, name.length())
4687                     .append(';')
4688                     .toString();
4689         } else {
4690             String name = getName().replace('.', '/');
4691             return new StringBuilder(name.length() + 2)
4692                     .append(typeDesc)
4693                     .append(name)
4694                     .append(';')
4695                     .toString();
4696         }
4697     }
4698 
4699     /**
4700      * Returns the component type of this {@code Class}, if it describes
4701      * an array type, or {@code null} otherwise.
4702      *
4703      * @implSpec
4704      * Equivalent to {@link Class#getComponentType()}.
4705      *
4706      * @return a {@code Class} describing the component type, or {@code null}
4707      * if this {@code Class} does not describe an array type
4708      * @since 12
4709      */
4710     @Override
4711     public Class<?> componentType() {
4712         return isArray() ? componentType : null;
4713     }
4714 
4715     /**
4716      * Returns a {@code Class} for an array type whose component type
4717      * is described by this {@linkplain Class}.
4718      *
4719      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this component type is {@linkplain
4720      *         Void#TYPE void} or if the number of dimensions of the resulting array
4721      *         type would exceed 255.
4722      * @return a {@code Class} describing the array type
4723      * @jvms 4.3.2 Field Descriptors
4724      * @jvms 4.4.1 The {@code CONSTANT_Class_info} Structure
4725      * @since 12
4726      */
4727     @Override
4728     public Class<?> arrayType() {
4729         try {
4730             return Array.newInstance(this, 0).getClass();
4731         } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
4732             throw new UnsupportedOperationException(iae);
4733         }
4734     }
4735 
4736     /**
4737      * Returns a nominal descriptor for this instance, if one can be
4738      * constructed, or an empty {@link Optional} if one cannot be.
4739      *
4740      * @return An {@link Optional} containing the resulting nominal descriptor,
4741      * or an empty {@link Optional} if one cannot be constructed.
4742      * @since 12
4743      */
4744     @Override
4745     public Optional<ClassDesc> describeConstable() {
4746         Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4747         return c.isHidden() ? Optional.empty()
4748                             : Optional.of(ClassDesc.ofDescriptor(descriptorString()));
4749    }
4750 
4751     /**
4752      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class is a hidden class.
4753      *
4754      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a hidden class.
4755      *
4756      * @since 15
4757      * @see MethodHandles.Lookup#defineHiddenClass
4758      */
4759     @IntrinsicCandidate
4760     public native boolean isHidden();
4761 
4762     /**
4763      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing the
4764      * direct subinterfaces or subclasses permitted to extend or
4765      * implement this class or interface if it is sealed.  The order of such elements
4766      * is unspecified. The array is empty if this sealed class or interface has no
4767      * permitted subclass. If this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type,
4768      * {@code void}, an array type, or a class or interface that is not sealed,
4769      * that is {@link #isSealed()} returns {@code false}, then this method returns {@code null}.
4770      * Conversely, if {@link #isSealed()} returns {@code true}, then this method
4771      * returns a non-null value.
4772      *
4773      * For each class or interface {@code C} which is recorded as a permitted
4774      * direct subinterface or subclass of this class or interface,
4775      * this method attempts to obtain the {@code Class}
4776      * object for {@code C} (using {@linkplain #getClassLoader() the defining class
4777      * loader} of the current {@code Class} object).
4778      * The {@code Class} objects which can be obtained and which are direct
4779      * subinterfaces or subclasses of this class or interface,
4780      * are indicated by elements of the returned array. If a {@code Class} object
4781      * cannot be obtained, it is silently ignored, and not included in the result
4782      * array.
4783      *
4784      * @return an array of {@code Class} objects of the permitted subclasses of this class or interface,
4785      *         or {@code null} if this class or interface is not sealed.
4786      *
4787      * @throws SecurityException
4788      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
4789      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
4790      *         loader for that returned class and invocation of {@link
4791      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
4792      *         denies access to the package of any class in the returned array.
4793      *
4794      * @jls 8.1 Class Declarations
4795      * @jls 9.1 Interface Declarations
4796      * @since 17
4797      */
4798     @CallerSensitive
4799     public Class<?>[] getPermittedSubclasses() {
4800         Class<?>[] subClasses;
4801         if (isArray() || isPrimitive() || (subClasses = getPermittedSubclasses0()) == null) {
4802             return null;
4803         }
4804         if (subClasses.length > 0) {
4805             if (Arrays.stream(subClasses).anyMatch(c -> !isDirectSubType(c))) {
4806                 subClasses = Arrays.stream(subClasses)
4807                                    .filter(this::isDirectSubType)
4808                                    .toArray(s -> new Class<?>[s]);
4809             }
4810         }
4811         if (subClasses.length > 0) {
4812             // If we return some classes we need a security check:
4813             @SuppressWarnings("removal")
4814             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
4815             if (sm != null) {
4816                 checkPackageAccessForPermittedSubclasses(sm,
4817                                              ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()),
4818                                              subClasses);
4819             }
4820         }
4821         return subClasses;
4822     }
4823 
4824     private boolean isDirectSubType(Class<?> c) {
4825         if (isInterface()) {
4826             for (Class<?> i : c.getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
4827                 if (i == this) {
4828                     return true;
4829                 }
4830             }
4831         } else {
4832             return c.getSuperclass() == this;
4833         }
4834         return false;
4835     }
4836 
4837     /**
4838      * Returns {@code true} if and only if this {@code Class} object represents
4839      * a sealed class or interface. If this {@code Class} object represents a
4840      * primitive type, {@code void}, or an array type, this method returns
4841      * {@code false}. A sealed class or interface has (possibly zero) permitted
4842      * subclasses; {@link #getPermittedSubclasses()} returns a non-null but
4843      * possibly empty value for a sealed class or interface.
4844      *
4845      * @return {@code true} if and only if this {@code Class} object represents
4846      * a sealed class or interface.
4847      *
4848      * @jls 8.1 Class Declarations
4849      * @jls 9.1 Interface Declarations
4850      * @since 17
4851      */
4852     public boolean isSealed() {
4853         if (isArray() || isPrimitive()) {
4854             return false;
4855         }
4856         return getPermittedSubclasses() != null;
4857     }
4858 
4859     private native Class<?>[] getPermittedSubclasses0();
4860 
4861     /*
4862      * Return the class's major and minor class file version packed into an int.
4863      * The high order 16 bits contain the class's minor version.  The low order
4864      * 16 bits contain the class's major version.
4865      *
4866      * If the class is an array type then the class file version of its element
4867      * type is returned.  If the class is a primitive type then the latest class
4868      * file major version is returned and zero is returned for the minor version.
4869      */
4870     /* package-private */
4871     int getClassFileVersion() {
4872         Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4873         return c.getClassFileVersion0();
4874     }
4875 
4876     private native int getClassFileVersion0();
4877 
4878     /*
4879      * Return the access flags as they were in the class's bytecode, including
4880      * the original setting of ACC_SUPER.
4881      *
4882      * If the class is an array type then the access flags of the element type is
4883      * returned.  If the class is a primitive then ACC_ABSTRACT | ACC_FINAL | ACC_PUBLIC.
4884      */
4885     private int getClassAccessFlagsRaw() {
4886         Class<?> c = isArray() ? elementType() : this;
4887         return c.getClassAccessFlagsRaw0();
4888     }
4889 
4890     private native int getClassAccessFlagsRaw0();
4891 }