1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang.invoke;
  27 
  28 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
  29 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;
  30 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Label;
  31 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
  32 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
  33 import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type;
  34 import sun.invoke.util.VerifyAccess;
  35 import sun.invoke.util.VerifyType;
  36 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
  37 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  38 
  39 import java.io.File;
  40 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  41 import java.io.IOException;
  42 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  43 import java.util.ArrayList;
  44 import java.util.Arrays;
  45 import java.util.HashMap;
  46 import java.util.List;
  47 import java.util.Set;
  48 import java.util.stream.Stream;
  49 
  50 import static java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.BasicType;
  51 import static java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.BasicType.*;
  52 import static java.lang.invoke.LambdaForm.*;
  53 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
  54 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
  55 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup.*;
  56 
  57 /**
  58  * Code generation backend for LambdaForm.
  59  * <p>
  60  * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
  61  */
  62 class InvokerBytecodeGenerator {
  63     /** Define class names for convenience. */
  64     private static final String MH      = "java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle";
  65     private static final String MHI     = "java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl";
  66     private static final String LF      = "java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm";
  67     private static final String LFN     = "java/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Name";
  68     private static final String CLS     = "java/lang/Class";
  69     private static final String OBJ     = "java/lang/Object";
  70     private static final String OBJARY  = "[Ljava/lang/Object;";
  71 
  72     private static final String LOOP_CLAUSES = MHI + "$LoopClauses";
  73     private static final String MHARY2       = "[[L" + MH + ";";
  74     private static final String MH_SIG       = "L" + MH + ";";
  75 
  76 
  77     private static final String LF_SIG  = "L" + LF + ";";
  78     private static final String LFN_SIG = "L" + LFN + ";";
  79     private static final String LL_SIG  = "(L" + OBJ + ";)L" + OBJ + ";";
  80     private static final String LLV_SIG = "(L" + OBJ + ";L" + OBJ + ";)V";
  81     private static final String CLASS_PREFIX = LF + "$";
  82     private static final String SOURCE_PREFIX = "LambdaForm$";
  83 
  84     /** Name of its super class*/
  85     static final String INVOKER_SUPER_NAME = OBJ;
  86 
  87     /** Name of new class */
  88     private final String name;
  89     private final String className;
  90 
  91     private final LambdaForm lambdaForm;
  92     private final String     invokerName;
  93     private final MethodType invokerType;
  94 
  95     /** Info about local variables in compiled lambda form */
  96     private int[]       localsMap;    // index
  97     private Class<?>[]  localClasses; // type
  98 
  99     /** ASM bytecode generation. */
 100     private ClassWriter cw;
 101     private MethodVisitor mv;
 102     private final List<ClassData> classData = new ArrayList<>();
 103 
 104     /** Single element internal class name lookup cache. */
 105     private Class<?> lastClass;
 106     private String lastInternalName;
 107 
 108     private static final MemberName.Factory MEMBERNAME_FACTORY = MemberName.getFactory();
 109     private static final Class<?> HOST_CLASS = LambdaForm.class;
 110     private static final MethodHandles.Lookup LOOKUP = lookup();
 111 
 112     private static MethodHandles.Lookup lookup() {
 113         try {
 114             return MethodHandles.privateLookupIn(HOST_CLASS, IMPL_LOOKUP);
 115         } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
 116             throw newInternalError(e);
 117         }
 118     }
 119 
 120     /** Main constructor; other constructors delegate to this one. */
 121     private InvokerBytecodeGenerator(LambdaForm lambdaForm, int localsMapSize,
 122                                      String name, String invokerName, MethodType invokerType) {
 123         int p = invokerName.indexOf('.');
 124         if (p > -1) {
 125             name = invokerName.substring(0, p);
 126             invokerName = invokerName.substring(p + 1);
 127         }
 128         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 129             name = makeDumpableClassName(name);
 130         }
 131         this.name = name;
 132         this.className = CLASS_PREFIX + name;
 133         this.lambdaForm = lambdaForm;
 134         this.invokerName = invokerName;
 135         this.invokerType = invokerType;
 136         this.localsMap = new int[localsMapSize+1]; // last entry of localsMap is count of allocated local slots
 137         this.localClasses = new Class<?>[localsMapSize+1];
 138     }
 139 
 140     /** For generating LambdaForm interpreter entry points. */
 141     private InvokerBytecodeGenerator(String name, String invokerName, MethodType invokerType) {
 142         this(null, invokerType.parameterCount(),
 143              name, invokerName, invokerType);
 144         MethodType mt = invokerType.erase();
 145         // Create an array to map name indexes to locals indexes.
 146         localsMap[0] = 0; // localsMap has at least one element
 147         for (int i = 1, index = 0; i < localsMap.length; i++) {
 148             Wrapper w = Wrapper.forBasicType(mt.parameterType(i - 1));
 149             index += w.stackSlots();
 150             localsMap[i] = index;
 151         }
 152     }
 153 
 154     /** For generating customized code for a single LambdaForm. */
 155     private InvokerBytecodeGenerator(String name, LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
 156         this(name, form.lambdaName(), form, invokerType);
 157     }
 158 
 159     /** For generating customized code for a single LambdaForm. */
 160     InvokerBytecodeGenerator(String name, String invokerName,
 161             LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
 162         this(form, form.names.length,
 163              name, invokerName, invokerType);
 164         // Create an array to map name indexes to locals indexes.
 165         Name[] names = form.names;
 166         for (int i = 0, index = 0; i < localsMap.length; i++) {
 167             localsMap[i] = index;
 168             if (i < names.length) {
 169                 BasicType type = names[i].type();
 170                 index += type.basicTypeSlots();
 171             }
 172         }
 173     }
 174 
 175     /** instance counters for dumped classes */
 176     private static final HashMap<String,Integer> DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS;
 177     /** debugging flag for saving generated class files */
 178     private static final File DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR;
 179 
 180     static {
 181         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 182             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS = new HashMap<>();
 183             try {
 184                 File dumpDir = new File("DUMP_CLASS_FILES");
 185                 if (!dumpDir.exists()) {
 186                     dumpDir.mkdirs();
 187                 }
 188                 DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR = dumpDir;
 189                 System.out.println("Dumping class files to "+DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR+"/...");
 190             } catch (Exception e) {
 191                 throw newInternalError(e);
 192             }
 193         } else {
 194             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS = null;
 195             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR = null;
 196         }
 197     }
 198 
 199     private void maybeDump(final byte[] classFile) {
 200         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 201             maybeDump(className, classFile);
 202         }
 203     }
 204 
 205     // Also used from BoundMethodHandle
 206     @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 207     static void maybeDump(final String className, final byte[] classFile) {
 208         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 209             java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 210             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 211                 public Void run() {
 212                     try {
 213                         String dumpName = className.replace('.','/');
 214                         File dumpFile = new File(DUMP_CLASS_FILES_DIR, dumpName+".class");
 215                         System.out.println("dump: " + dumpFile);
 216                         dumpFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
 217                         FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(dumpFile);
 218                         file.write(classFile);
 219                         file.close();
 220                         return null;
 221                     } catch (IOException ex) {
 222                         throw newInternalError(ex);
 223                     }
 224                 }
 225             });
 226         }
 227     }
 228 
 229     private static String makeDumpableClassName(String className) {
 230         Integer ctr;
 231         synchronized (DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS) {
 232             ctr = DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS.get(className);
 233             if (ctr == null)  ctr = 0;
 234             DUMP_CLASS_FILES_COUNTERS.put(className, ctr+1);
 235         }
 236         String sfx = ctr.toString();
 237         while (sfx.length() < 3)
 238             sfx = "0" + sfx;
 239         className += sfx;
 240         return className;
 241     }
 242 
 243     static class ClassData {
 244         final String name;
 245         final String desc;
 246         final Object value;
 247 
 248         ClassData(String name, String desc, Object value) {
 249             this.name = name;
 250             this.desc = desc;
 251             this.value = value;
 252         }
 253 
 254         public String name() { return name; }
 255         public String toString() {
 256             return name + ",value="+value;
 257         }
 258     }
 259 
 260     String classData(Object arg) {
 261         String desc;
 262         if (arg instanceof Class) {
 263             desc = "Ljava/lang/Class;";
 264         } else if (arg instanceof MethodHandle) {
 265             desc = MH_SIG;
 266         } else if (arg instanceof LambdaForm) {
 267             desc = LF_SIG;
 268         } else {
 269             desc = "Ljava/lang/Object;";
 270         }
 271 
 272         // unique static variable name
 273         String name;
 274         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
 275             Class<?> c = arg.getClass();
 276             while (c.isArray()) {
 277                 c = c.getComponentType();
 278             }
 279             name = "_DATA_" + c.getSimpleName() + "_" + classData.size();
 280         } else {
 281             name = "_D_" + classData.size();
 282         }
 283         ClassData cd = new ClassData(name, desc, arg);
 284         classData.add(cd);
 285         return name;
 286     }
 287 
 288     private static String debugString(Object arg) {
 289         if (arg instanceof MethodHandle mh) {
 290             MemberName member = mh.internalMemberName();
 291             if (member != null)
 292                 return member.toString();
 293             return mh.debugString();
 294         }
 295         return arg.toString();
 296     }
 297 
 298     /**
 299      * Extract the MemberName of a newly-defined method.
 300      */
 301     private MemberName loadMethod(byte[] classFile) {
 302         Class<?> invokerClass = LOOKUP.makeHiddenClassDefiner(className, classFile, Set.of())
 303                                       .defineClass(true, classDataValues());
 304         return resolveInvokerMember(invokerClass, invokerName, invokerType);
 305     }
 306 
 307     private static MemberName resolveInvokerMember(Class<?> invokerClass, String name, MethodType type) {
 308         MemberName member = new MemberName(invokerClass, name, type, REF_invokeStatic);
 309         try {
 310             member = MEMBERNAME_FACTORY.resolveOrFail(REF_invokeStatic, member,
 311                                                       HOST_CLASS, LM_TRUSTED,
 312                                                       ReflectiveOperationException.class);
 313         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
 314             throw newInternalError(e);
 315         }
 316         return member;
 317     }
 318 
 319     /**
 320      * Set up class file generation.
 321      */
 322     private ClassWriter classFilePrologue() {
 323         final int NOT_ACC_PUBLIC = 0;  // not ACC_PUBLIC
 324         ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS + ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);
 325         setClassWriter(cw);
 326         cw.visit(CLASSFILE_VERSION, NOT_ACC_PUBLIC + Opcodes.ACC_FINAL + Opcodes.ACC_SUPER,
 327                 className, null, INVOKER_SUPER_NAME, null);
 328         cw.visitSource(SOURCE_PREFIX + name, null);
 329         return cw;
 330     }
 331 
 332     private void methodPrologue() {
 333         String invokerDesc = invokerType.toMethodDescriptorString();
 334         mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, invokerName, invokerDesc, null, null);
 335     }
 336 
 337     /**
 338      * Tear down class file generation.
 339      */
 340     private void methodEpilogue() {
 341         mv.visitMaxs(0, 0);
 342         mv.visitEnd();
 343     }
 344 
 345     /**
 346      * Returns the class data object that will be passed to `Lookup.defineHiddenClassWithClassData`.
 347      * The classData is loaded in the <clinit> method of the generated class.
 348      * If the class data contains only one single object, this method returns  that single object.
 349      * If the class data contains more than one objects, this method returns a List.
 350      *
 351      * This method returns null if no class data.
 352      */
 353     private Object classDataValues() {
 354         final List<ClassData> cd = classData;
 355         return switch (cd.size()) {
 356             case 0 -> null;             // special case (classData is not used by <clinit>)
 357             case 1 -> cd.get(0).value;  // special case (single object)
 358             case 2 -> List.of(cd.get(0).value, cd.get(1).value);
 359             case 3 -> List.of(cd.get(0).value, cd.get(1).value, cd.get(2).value);
 360             case 4 -> List.of(cd.get(0).value, cd.get(1).value, cd.get(2).value, cd.get(3).value);
 361             default -> {
 362                 Object[] data = new Object[classData.size()];
 363                 for (int i = 0; i < classData.size(); i++) {
 364                     data[i] = classData.get(i).value;
 365                 }
 366                 yield List.of(data);
 367             }
 368         };
 369     }
 370 
 371     /*
 372      * <clinit> to initialize the static final fields with the live class data
 373      * LambdaForms can't use condy due to bootstrapping issue.
 374      */
 375     static void clinit(ClassWriter cw, String className, List<ClassData> classData) {
 376         if (classData.isEmpty())
 377             return;
 378 
 379         for (ClassData p : classData) {
 380             // add the static field
 381             FieldVisitor fv = cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_STATIC|Opcodes.ACC_FINAL, p.name, p.desc, null, null);
 382             fv.visitEnd();
 383         }
 384 
 385         MethodVisitor mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "<clinit>", "()V", null, null);
 386         mv.visitCode();
 387         mv.visitLdcInsn(Type.getType("L" + className + ";"));
 388         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/invoke/MethodHandles",
 389                            "classData", "(Ljava/lang/Class;)Ljava/lang/Object;", false);
 390         if (classData.size() == 1) {
 391             ClassData p = classData.get(0);
 392             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, p.desc.substring(1, p.desc.length()-1));
 393             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, className, p.name, p.desc);
 394         } else {
 395             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, "java/util/List");
 396             mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ASTORE, 0);
 397             int index = 0;
 398             for (ClassData p : classData) {
 399                 // initialize the static field
 400                 mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, 0);
 401                 emitIconstInsn(mv, index++);
 402                 mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEINTERFACE, "java/util/List",
 403                                    "get", "(I)Ljava/lang/Object;", true);
 404                 mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, p.desc.substring(1, p.desc.length()-1));
 405                 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, className, p.name, p.desc);
 406             }
 407         }
 408         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
 409         mv.visitMaxs(2, 1);
 410         mv.visitEnd();
 411     }
 412 
 413     /*
 414      * Low-level emit helpers.
 415      */
 416     private void emitConst(Object con) {
 417         if (con == null) {
 418             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ACONST_NULL);
 419             return;
 420         }
 421         if (con instanceof Integer) {
 422             emitIconstInsn((int) con);
 423             return;
 424         }
 425         if (con instanceof Byte) {
 426             emitIconstInsn((byte)con);
 427             return;
 428         }
 429         if (con instanceof Short) {
 430             emitIconstInsn((short)con);
 431             return;
 432         }
 433         if (con instanceof Character) {
 434             emitIconstInsn((char)con);
 435             return;
 436         }
 437         if (con instanceof Long) {
 438             long x = (long) con;
 439             short sx = (short)x;
 440             if (x == sx) {
 441                 if (sx >= 0 && sx <= 1) {
 442                     mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LCONST_0 + (int) sx);
 443                 } else {
 444                     emitIconstInsn((int) x);
 445                     mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2L);
 446                 }
 447                 return;
 448             }
 449         }
 450         if (con instanceof Float) {
 451             float x = (float) con;
 452             short sx = (short)x;
 453             if (x == sx) {
 454                 if (sx >= 0 && sx <= 2) {
 455                     mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.FCONST_0 + (int) sx);
 456                 } else {
 457                     emitIconstInsn((int) x);
 458                     mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2F);
 459                 }
 460                 return;
 461             }
 462         }
 463         if (con instanceof Double) {
 464             double x = (double) con;
 465             short sx = (short)x;
 466             if (x == sx) {
 467                 if (sx >= 0 && sx <= 1) {
 468                     mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DCONST_0 + (int) sx);
 469                 } else {
 470                     emitIconstInsn((int) x);
 471                     mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2D);
 472                 }
 473                 return;
 474             }
 475         }
 476         if (con instanceof Boolean) {
 477             emitIconstInsn((boolean) con ? 1 : 0);
 478             return;
 479         }
 480         // fall through:
 481         mv.visitLdcInsn(con);
 482     }
 483 
 484     private void emitIconstInsn(final int cst) {
 485         emitIconstInsn(mv, cst);
 486     }
 487 
 488     private static void emitIconstInsn(MethodVisitor mv, int cst) {
 489         if (cst >= -1 && cst <= 5) {
 490             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ICONST_0 + cst);
 491         } else if (cst >= Byte.MIN_VALUE && cst <= Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
 492             mv.visitIntInsn(Opcodes.BIPUSH, cst);
 493         } else if (cst >= Short.MIN_VALUE && cst <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
 494             mv.visitIntInsn(Opcodes.SIPUSH, cst);
 495         } else {
 496             mv.visitLdcInsn(cst);
 497         }
 498     }
 499 
 500     /*
 501      * NOTE: These load/store methods use the localsMap to find the correct index!
 502      */
 503     private void emitLoadInsn(BasicType type, int index) {
 504         int opcode = loadInsnOpcode(type);
 505         mv.visitVarInsn(opcode, localsMap[index]);
 506     }
 507 
 508     private int loadInsnOpcode(BasicType type) throws InternalError {
 509         return switch (type) {
 510             case I_TYPE -> Opcodes.ILOAD;
 511             case J_TYPE -> Opcodes.LLOAD;
 512             case F_TYPE -> Opcodes.FLOAD;
 513             case D_TYPE -> Opcodes.DLOAD;
 514             case L_TYPE -> Opcodes.ALOAD;
 515             default -> throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
 516         };
 517     }
 518     private void emitAloadInsn(int index) {
 519         emitLoadInsn(L_TYPE, index);
 520     }
 521 
 522     private void emitStoreInsn(BasicType type, int index) {
 523         int opcode = storeInsnOpcode(type);
 524         mv.visitVarInsn(opcode, localsMap[index]);
 525     }
 526 
 527     private int storeInsnOpcode(BasicType type) throws InternalError {
 528         return switch (type) {
 529             case I_TYPE -> Opcodes.ISTORE;
 530             case J_TYPE -> Opcodes.LSTORE;
 531             case F_TYPE -> Opcodes.FSTORE;
 532             case D_TYPE -> Opcodes.DSTORE;
 533             case L_TYPE -> Opcodes.ASTORE;
 534             default -> throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
 535         };
 536     }
 537     private void emitAstoreInsn(int index) {
 538         emitStoreInsn(L_TYPE, index);
 539     }
 540 
 541     private byte arrayTypeCode(Wrapper elementType) {
 542         return (byte) switch (elementType) {
 543             case BOOLEAN -> Opcodes.T_BOOLEAN;
 544             case BYTE    -> Opcodes.T_BYTE;
 545             case CHAR    -> Opcodes.T_CHAR;
 546             case SHORT   -> Opcodes.T_SHORT;
 547             case INT     -> Opcodes.T_INT;
 548             case LONG    -> Opcodes.T_LONG;
 549             case FLOAT   -> Opcodes.T_FLOAT;
 550             case DOUBLE  -> Opcodes.T_DOUBLE;
 551             case OBJECT  -> 0; // in place of Opcodes.T_OBJECT
 552             default -> throw new InternalError();
 553         };
 554     }
 555 
 556     private int arrayInsnOpcode(byte tcode, int aaop) throws InternalError {
 557         assert(aaop == Opcodes.AASTORE || aaop == Opcodes.AALOAD);
 558         int xas = switch (tcode) {
 559             case Opcodes.T_BOOLEAN -> Opcodes.BASTORE;
 560             case Opcodes.T_BYTE    -> Opcodes.BASTORE;
 561             case Opcodes.T_CHAR    -> Opcodes.CASTORE;
 562             case Opcodes.T_SHORT   -> Opcodes.SASTORE;
 563             case Opcodes.T_INT     -> Opcodes.IASTORE;
 564             case Opcodes.T_LONG    -> Opcodes.LASTORE;
 565             case Opcodes.T_FLOAT   -> Opcodes.FASTORE;
 566             case Opcodes.T_DOUBLE  -> Opcodes.DASTORE;
 567             case 0                 -> Opcodes.AASTORE;
 568             default -> throw new InternalError();
 569         };
 570         return xas - Opcodes.AASTORE + aaop;
 571     }
 572 
 573     /**
 574      * Emit a boxing call.
 575      *
 576      * @param wrapper primitive type class to box.
 577      */
 578     private void emitBoxing(Wrapper wrapper) {
 579         String owner = "java/lang/" + wrapper.wrapperType().getSimpleName();
 580         String name  = "valueOf";
 581         String desc  = "(" + wrapper.basicTypeChar() + ")L" + owner + ";";
 582         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, owner, name, desc, false);
 583     }
 584 
 585     /**
 586      * Emit an unboxing call (plus preceding checkcast).
 587      *
 588      * @param wrapper wrapper type class to unbox.
 589      */
 590     private void emitUnboxing(Wrapper wrapper) {
 591         String owner = "java/lang/" + wrapper.wrapperType().getSimpleName();
 592         String name  = wrapper.primitiveSimpleName() + "Value";
 593         String desc  = "()" + wrapper.basicTypeChar();
 594         emitReferenceCast(wrapper.wrapperType(), null);
 595         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, owner, name, desc, false);
 596     }
 597 
 598     /**
 599      * Emit an implicit conversion for an argument which must be of the given pclass.
 600      * This is usually a no-op, except when pclass is a subword type or a reference other than Object or an interface.
 601      *
 602      * @param ptype type of value present on stack
 603      * @param pclass type of value required on stack
 604      * @param arg compile-time representation of value on stack (Node, constant) or null if none
 605      */
 606     private void emitImplicitConversion(BasicType ptype, Class<?> pclass, Object arg) {
 607         assert(basicType(pclass) == ptype);  // boxing/unboxing handled by caller
 608         if (pclass == ptype.basicTypeClass() && ptype != L_TYPE)
 609             return;   // nothing to do
 610         switch (ptype) {
 611             case L_TYPE:
 612                 if (VerifyType.isNullConversion(Object.class, pclass, false)) {
 613                     if (PROFILE_LEVEL > 0)
 614                         emitReferenceCast(Object.class, arg);
 615                     return;
 616                 }
 617                 emitReferenceCast(pclass, arg);
 618                 return;
 619             case I_TYPE:
 620                 if (!VerifyType.isNullConversion(int.class, pclass, false))
 621                     emitPrimCast(ptype.basicTypeWrapper(), Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(pclass));
 622                 return;
 623         }
 624         throw newInternalError("bad implicit conversion: tc="+ptype+": "+pclass);
 625     }
 626 
 627     /** Update localClasses type map.  Return true if the information is already present. */
 628     private boolean assertStaticType(Class<?> cls, Name n) {
 629         int local = n.index();
 630         Class<?> aclass = localClasses[local];
 631         if (aclass != null && (aclass == cls || cls.isAssignableFrom(aclass))) {
 632             return true;  // type info is already present
 633         } else if (aclass == null || aclass.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
 634             localClasses[local] = cls;  // type info can be improved
 635         }
 636         return false;
 637     }
 638 
 639     private void emitReferenceCast(Class<?> cls, Object arg) {
 640         Name writeBack = null;  // local to write back result
 641         if (arg instanceof Name n) {
 642             if (lambdaForm.useCount(n) > 1) {
 643                 // This guy gets used more than once.
 644                 writeBack = n;
 645                 if (assertStaticType(cls, n)) {
 646                     return; // this cast was already performed
 647                 }
 648             }
 649         }
 650         if (isStaticallyNameable(cls)) {
 651             String sig = getInternalName(cls);
 652             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, sig);
 653         } else {
 654             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, className, classData(cls), "Ljava/lang/Class;");
 655             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
 656             mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, CLS, "cast", LL_SIG, false);
 657             if (Object[].class.isAssignableFrom(cls))
 658                 mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, OBJARY);
 659             else if (PROFILE_LEVEL > 0)
 660                 mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, OBJ);
 661         }
 662         if (writeBack != null) {
 663             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
 664             emitAstoreInsn(writeBack.index());
 665         }
 666     }
 667 
 668     /**
 669      * Emits an actual return instruction conforming to the given return type.
 670      */
 671     private void emitReturnInsn(BasicType type) {
 672         int opcode = switch (type) {
 673             case I_TYPE -> Opcodes.IRETURN;
 674             case J_TYPE -> Opcodes.LRETURN;
 675             case F_TYPE -> Opcodes.FRETURN;
 676             case D_TYPE -> Opcodes.DRETURN;
 677             case L_TYPE -> Opcodes.ARETURN;
 678             case V_TYPE -> Opcodes.RETURN;
 679             default -> throw new InternalError("unknown return type: " + type);
 680         };
 681         mv.visitInsn(opcode);
 682     }
 683 
 684     private String getInternalName(Class<?> c) {
 685         if (c == Object.class)             return OBJ;
 686         else if (c == Object[].class)      return OBJARY;
 687         else if (c == Class.class)         return CLS;
 688         else if (c == MethodHandle.class)  return MH;
 689         assert(VerifyAccess.isTypeVisible(c, Object.class)) : c.getName();
 690 
 691         if (c == lastClass) {
 692             return lastInternalName;
 693         }
 694         lastClass = c;
 695         return lastInternalName = c.getName().replace('.', '/');
 696     }
 697 
 698     private static MemberName resolveFrom(String name, MethodType type, Class<?> holder) {
 699         assert(!UNSAFE.shouldBeInitialized(holder)) : holder + "not initialized";
 700         MemberName member = new MemberName(holder, name, type, REF_invokeStatic);
 701         MemberName resolvedMember = MemberName.getFactory().resolveOrNull(REF_invokeStatic, member, holder, LM_TRUSTED);
 702         traceLambdaForm(name, type, holder, resolvedMember);
 703         return resolvedMember;
 704     }
 705 
 706     private static MemberName lookupPregenerated(LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
 707         if (form.customized != null) {
 708             // No pre-generated version for customized LF
 709             return null;
 710         }
 711         String name = form.kind.methodName;
 712         switch (form.kind) {
 713             case BOUND_REINVOKER: {
 714                 name = name + "_" + BoundMethodHandle.speciesDataFor(form).key();
 715                 return resolveFrom(name, invokerType, DelegatingMethodHandle.Holder.class);
 716             }
 717             case DELEGATE:                  return resolveFrom(name, invokerType, DelegatingMethodHandle.Holder.class);
 718             case ZERO:                      // fall-through
 719             case IDENTITY: {
 720                 name = name + "_" + form.returnType().basicTypeChar();
 721                 return resolveFrom(name, invokerType, LambdaForm.Holder.class);
 722             }
 723             case EXACT_INVOKER:             // fall-through
 724             case EXACT_LINKER:              // fall-through
 725             case LINK_TO_CALL_SITE:         // fall-through
 726             case LINK_TO_TARGET_METHOD:     // fall-through
 727             case GENERIC_INVOKER:           // fall-through
 728             case GENERIC_LINKER:            return resolveFrom(name, invokerType, Invokers.Holder.class);
 729             case GET_REFERENCE:             // fall-through
 730             case GET_BOOLEAN:               // fall-through
 731             case GET_BYTE:                  // fall-through
 732             case GET_CHAR:                  // fall-through
 733             case GET_SHORT:                 // fall-through
 734             case GET_INT:                   // fall-through
 735             case GET_LONG:                  // fall-through
 736             case GET_FLOAT:                 // fall-through
 737             case GET_DOUBLE:                // fall-through
 738             case PUT_REFERENCE:             // fall-through
 739             case PUT_BOOLEAN:               // fall-through
 740             case PUT_BYTE:                  // fall-through
 741             case PUT_CHAR:                  // fall-through
 742             case PUT_SHORT:                 // fall-through
 743             case PUT_INT:                   // fall-through
 744             case PUT_LONG:                  // fall-through
 745             case PUT_FLOAT:                 // fall-through
 746             case PUT_DOUBLE:                // fall-through
 747             case DIRECT_NEW_INVOKE_SPECIAL: // fall-through
 748             case DIRECT_INVOKE_INTERFACE:   // fall-through
 749             case DIRECT_INVOKE_SPECIAL:     // fall-through
 750             case DIRECT_INVOKE_SPECIAL_IFC: // fall-through
 751             case DIRECT_INVOKE_STATIC:      // fall-through
 752             case DIRECT_INVOKE_STATIC_INIT: // fall-through
 753             case DIRECT_INVOKE_VIRTUAL:     return resolveFrom(name, invokerType, DirectMethodHandle.Holder.class);
 754         }
 755         return null;
 756     }
 757 
 758     /**
 759      * Generate customized bytecode for a given LambdaForm.
 760      */
 761     static MemberName generateCustomizedCode(LambdaForm form, MethodType invokerType) {
 762         MemberName pregenerated = lookupPregenerated(form, invokerType);
 763         if (pregenerated != null)  return pregenerated; // pre-generated bytecode
 764 
 765         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("MH", form, invokerType);
 766         return g.loadMethod(g.generateCustomizedCodeBytes());
 767     }
 768 
 769     /** Generates code to check that actual receiver and LambdaForm matches */
 770     private boolean checkActualReceiver() {
 771         // Expects MethodHandle on the stack and actual receiver MethodHandle in slot #0
 772         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
 773         mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ALOAD, localsMap[0]);
 774         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, MHI, "assertSame", LLV_SIG, false);
 775         return true;
 776     }
 777 
 778     static String className(String cn) {
 779         assert checkClassName(cn): "Class not found: " + cn;
 780         return cn;
 781     }
 782 
 783     static boolean checkClassName(String cn) {
 784         Type tp = Type.getType(cn);
 785         // additional sanity so only valid "L;" descriptors work
 786         if (tp.getSort() != Type.OBJECT) {
 787             return false;
 788         }
 789         try {
 790             Class<?> c = Class.forName(tp.getClassName(), false, null);
 791             return true;
 792         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
 793             return false;
 794         }
 795     }
 796 
 797     static final String      DONTINLINE_SIG = className("Ljdk/internal/vm/annotation/DontInline;");
 798     static final String     FORCEINLINE_SIG = className("Ljdk/internal/vm/annotation/ForceInline;");
 799     static final String          HIDDEN_SIG = className("Ljdk/internal/vm/annotation/Hidden;");
 800     static final String INJECTEDPROFILE_SIG = className("Ljava/lang/invoke/InjectedProfile;");
 801     static final String     LF_COMPILED_SIG = className("Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm$Compiled;");
 802 
 803     /**
 804      * Generate an invoker method for the passed {@link LambdaForm}.
 805      */
 806     private byte[] generateCustomizedCodeBytes() {
 807         classFilePrologue();
 808         addMethod();
 809         clinit(cw, className, classData);
 810         bogusMethod(lambdaForm);
 811 
 812         final byte[] classFile = toByteArray();
 813         maybeDump(classFile);
 814         return classFile;
 815     }
 816 
 817     void setClassWriter(ClassWriter cw) {
 818         this.cw = cw;
 819     }
 820 
 821     void addMethod() {
 822         methodPrologue();
 823 
 824         // Suppress this method in backtraces displayed to the user.
 825         mv.visitAnnotation(HIDDEN_SIG, true);
 826 
 827         // Mark this method as a compiled LambdaForm
 828         mv.visitAnnotation(LF_COMPILED_SIG, true);
 829 
 830         if (lambdaForm.forceInline) {
 831             // Force inlining of this invoker method.
 832             mv.visitAnnotation(FORCEINLINE_SIG, true);
 833         } else {
 834             mv.visitAnnotation(DONTINLINE_SIG, true);
 835         }
 836 
 837         classData(lambdaForm); // keep LambdaForm instance & its compiled form lifetime tightly coupled.
 838 
 839         if (lambdaForm.customized != null) {
 840             // Since LambdaForm is customized for a particular MethodHandle, it's safe to substitute
 841             // receiver MethodHandle (at slot #0) with an embedded constant and use it instead.
 842             // It enables more efficient code generation in some situations, since embedded constants
 843             // are compile-time constants for JIT compiler.
 844             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, className, classData(lambdaForm.customized), MH_SIG);
 845             mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.CHECKCAST, MH);
 846             assert(checkActualReceiver()); // expects MethodHandle on top of the stack
 847             mv.visitVarInsn(Opcodes.ASTORE, localsMap[0]);
 848         }
 849 
 850         // iterate over the form's names, generating bytecode instructions for each
 851         // start iterating at the first name following the arguments
 852         Name onStack = null;
 853         for (int i = lambdaForm.arity; i < lambdaForm.names.length; i++) {
 854             Name name = lambdaForm.names[i];
 855 
 856             emitStoreResult(onStack);
 857             onStack = name;  // unless otherwise modified below
 858             MethodHandleImpl.Intrinsic intr = name.function.intrinsicName();
 859             switch (intr) {
 860                 case SELECT_ALTERNATIVE:
 861                     assert lambdaForm.isSelectAlternative(i);
 862                     if (PROFILE_GWT) {
 863                         assert(name.arguments[0] instanceof Name &&
 864                                 ((Name)name.arguments[0]).refersTo(MethodHandleImpl.class, "profileBoolean"));
 865                         mv.visitAnnotation(INJECTEDPROFILE_SIG, true);
 866                     }
 867                     onStack = emitSelectAlternative(name, lambdaForm.names[i+1]);
 868                     i++;  // skip MH.invokeBasic of the selectAlternative result
 869                     continue;
 870                 case GUARD_WITH_CATCH:
 871                     assert lambdaForm.isGuardWithCatch(i);
 872                     onStack = emitGuardWithCatch(i);
 873                     i += 2; // jump to the end of GWC idiom
 874                     continue;
 875                 case TRY_FINALLY:
 876                     assert lambdaForm.isTryFinally(i);
 877                     onStack = emitTryFinally(i);
 878                     i += 2; // jump to the end of the TF idiom
 879                     continue;
 880                 case TABLE_SWITCH:
 881                     assert lambdaForm.isTableSwitch(i);
 882                     int numCases = (Integer) name.function.intrinsicData();
 883                     onStack = emitTableSwitch(i, numCases);
 884                     i += 2; // jump to the end of the TS idiom
 885                     continue;
 886                 case LOOP:
 887                     assert lambdaForm.isLoop(i);
 888                     onStack = emitLoop(i);
 889                     i += 2; // jump to the end of the LOOP idiom
 890                     continue;
 891                 case ARRAY_LOAD:
 892                     emitArrayLoad(name);
 893                     continue;
 894                 case ARRAY_STORE:
 895                     emitArrayStore(name);
 896                     continue;
 897                 case ARRAY_LENGTH:
 898                     emitArrayLength(name);
 899                     continue;
 900                 case IDENTITY:
 901                     assert(name.arguments.length == 1);
 902                     emitPushArguments(name, 0);
 903                     continue;
 904                 case ZERO:
 905                     assert(name.arguments.length == 0);
 906                     emitConst(name.type.basicTypeWrapper().zero());
 907                     continue;
 908                 case NONE:
 909                     // no intrinsic associated
 910                     break;
 911                 default:
 912                     throw newInternalError("Unknown intrinsic: "+intr);
 913             }
 914 
 915             MemberName member = name.function.member();
 916             if (isStaticallyInvocable(member)) {
 917                 emitStaticInvoke(member, name);
 918             } else {
 919                 emitInvoke(name);
 920             }
 921         }
 922 
 923         // return statement
 924         emitReturn(onStack);
 925 
 926         methodEpilogue();
 927     }
 928 
 929     /*
 930      * @throws BytecodeGenerationException if something goes wrong when
 931      *         generating the byte code
 932      */
 933     private byte[] toByteArray() {
 934         try {
 935             return cw.toByteArray();
 936         } catch (RuntimeException e) {
 937             throw new BytecodeGenerationException(e);
 938         }
 939     }
 940 
 941     /**
 942      * The BytecodeGenerationException.
 943      */
 944     @SuppressWarnings("serial")
 945     static final class BytecodeGenerationException extends RuntimeException {
 946         BytecodeGenerationException(Exception cause) {
 947             super(cause);
 948         }
 949     }
 950 
 951     void emitArrayLoad(Name name)   { emitArrayOp(name, Opcodes.AALOAD);      }
 952     void emitArrayStore(Name name)  { emitArrayOp(name, Opcodes.AASTORE);     }
 953     void emitArrayLength(Name name) { emitArrayOp(name, Opcodes.ARRAYLENGTH); }
 954 
 955     void emitArrayOp(Name name, int arrayOpcode) {
 956         assert arrayOpcode == Opcodes.AALOAD || arrayOpcode == Opcodes.AASTORE || arrayOpcode == Opcodes.ARRAYLENGTH;
 957         Class<?> elementType = name.function.methodType().parameterType(0).getComponentType();
 958         assert elementType != null;
 959         emitPushArguments(name, 0);
 960         if (arrayOpcode != Opcodes.ARRAYLENGTH && elementType.isPrimitive()) {
 961             Wrapper w = Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(elementType);
 962             arrayOpcode = arrayInsnOpcode(arrayTypeCode(w), arrayOpcode);
 963         }
 964         mv.visitInsn(arrayOpcode);
 965     }
 966 
 967     /**
 968      * Emit an invoke for the given name.
 969      */
 970     void emitInvoke(Name name) {
 971         assert(!name.isLinkerMethodInvoke());  // should use the static path for these
 972         if (true) {
 973             // push receiver
 974             MethodHandle target = name.function.resolvedHandle();
 975             assert(target != null) : name.exprString();
 976             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, className, classData(target), MH_SIG);
 977             emitReferenceCast(MethodHandle.class, target);
 978         } else {
 979             // load receiver
 980             emitAloadInsn(0);
 981             emitReferenceCast(MethodHandle.class, null);
 982             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, MH, "form", LF_SIG);
 983             mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, LF, "names", LFN_SIG);
 984             // TODO more to come
 985         }
 986 
 987         // push arguments
 988         emitPushArguments(name, 0);
 989 
 990         // invocation
 991         MethodType type = name.function.methodType();
 992         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", type.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
 993     }
 994 
 995     private static final Class<?>[] STATICALLY_INVOCABLE_PACKAGES = {
 996         // Sample classes from each package we are willing to bind to statically:
 997         java.lang.Object.class,
 998         java.util.Arrays.class,
 999         jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe.class
1000         //MethodHandle.class already covered
1001     };
1002 
1003     static boolean isStaticallyInvocable(NamedFunction ... functions) {
1004         for (NamedFunction nf : functions) {
1005             if (!isStaticallyInvocable(nf.member())) {
1006                 return false;
1007             }
1008         }
1009         return true;
1010     }
1011 
1012     static boolean isStaticallyInvocable(Name name) {
1013         return isStaticallyInvocable(name.function.member());
1014     }
1015 
1016     static boolean isStaticallyInvocable(MemberName member) {
1017         if (member == null)  return false;
1018         if (member.isConstructor())  return false;
1019         Class<?> cls = member.getDeclaringClass();
1020         // Fast-path non-private members declared by MethodHandles, which is a common
1021         // case
1022         if (MethodHandle.class.isAssignableFrom(cls) && !member.isPrivate()) {
1023             assert(isStaticallyInvocableType(member.getMethodOrFieldType()));
1024             return true;
1025         }
1026         if (cls.isArray() || cls.isPrimitive())
1027             return false;  // FIXME
1028         if (cls.isAnonymousClass() || cls.isLocalClass())
1029             return false;  // inner class of some sort
1030         if (cls.getClassLoader() != MethodHandle.class.getClassLoader())
1031             return false;  // not on BCP
1032         if (cls.isHidden())
1033             return false;
1034         if (!isStaticallyInvocableType(member.getMethodOrFieldType()))
1035             return false;
1036         if (!member.isPrivate() && VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(MethodHandle.class, cls))
1037             return true;   // in java.lang.invoke package
1038         if (member.isPublic() && isStaticallyNameable(cls))
1039             return true;
1040         return false;
1041     }
1042 
1043     private static boolean isStaticallyInvocableType(MethodType mtype) {
1044         if (!isStaticallyNameable(mtype.returnType()))
1045             return false;
1046         for (Class<?> ptype : mtype.ptypes())
1047             if (!isStaticallyNameable(ptype))
1048                 return false;
1049         return true;
1050     }
1051 
1052     static boolean isStaticallyNameable(Class<?> cls) {
1053         if (cls == Object.class)
1054             return true;
1055         if (MethodHandle.class.isAssignableFrom(cls)) {
1056             assert(!cls.isHidden());
1057             return true;
1058         }
1059         while (cls.isArray())
1060             cls = cls.getComponentType();
1061         if (cls.isPrimitive())
1062             return true;  // int[].class, for example
1063         if (cls.isHidden())
1064             return false;
1065         // could use VerifyAccess.isClassAccessible but the following is a safe approximation
1066         if (cls.getClassLoader() != Object.class.getClassLoader())
1067             return false;
1068         if (VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(MethodHandle.class, cls))
1069             return true;
1070         if (!Modifier.isPublic(cls.getModifiers()))
1071             return false;
1072         for (Class<?> pkgcls : STATICALLY_INVOCABLE_PACKAGES) {
1073             if (VerifyAccess.isSamePackage(pkgcls, cls))
1074                 return true;
1075         }
1076         return false;
1077     }
1078 
1079     void emitStaticInvoke(Name name) {
1080         emitStaticInvoke(name.function.member(), name);
1081     }
1082 
1083     /**
1084      * Emit an invoke for the given name, using the MemberName directly.
1085      */
1086     void emitStaticInvoke(MemberName member, Name name) {
1087         assert(member.equals(name.function.member()));
1088         Class<?> defc = member.getDeclaringClass();
1089         String cname = getInternalName(defc);
1090         String mname = member.getName();
1091         String mtype;
1092         byte refKind = member.getReferenceKind();
1093         if (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) {
1094             // in order to pass the verifier, we need to convert this to invokevirtual in all cases
1095             assert(member.canBeStaticallyBound()) : member;
1096             refKind = REF_invokeVirtual;
1097         }
1098 
1099         assert(!(member.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() && refKind == REF_invokeVirtual));
1100 
1101         // push arguments
1102         emitPushArguments(name, 0);
1103 
1104         // invocation
1105         if (member.isMethod()) {
1106             mtype = member.getMethodType().toMethodDescriptorString();
1107             mv.visitMethodInsn(refKindOpcode(refKind), cname, mname, mtype,
1108                                member.getDeclaringClass().isInterface());
1109         } else {
1110             mtype = MethodType.toFieldDescriptorString(member.getFieldType());
1111             mv.visitFieldInsn(refKindOpcode(refKind), cname, mname, mtype);
1112         }
1113         // Issue a type assertion for the result, so we can avoid casts later.
1114         if (name.type == L_TYPE) {
1115             Class<?> rtype = member.getInvocationType().returnType();
1116             assert(!rtype.isPrimitive());
1117             if (rtype != Object.class && !rtype.isInterface()) {
1118                 assertStaticType(rtype, name);
1119             }
1120         }
1121     }
1122 
1123     int refKindOpcode(byte refKind) {
1124         switch (refKind) {
1125         case REF_invokeVirtual:      return Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL;
1126         case REF_invokeStatic:       return Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC;
1127         case REF_invokeSpecial:      return Opcodes.INVOKESPECIAL;
1128         case REF_invokeInterface:    return Opcodes.INVOKEINTERFACE;
1129         case REF_getField:           return Opcodes.GETFIELD;
1130         case REF_putField:           return Opcodes.PUTFIELD;
1131         case REF_getStatic:          return Opcodes.GETSTATIC;
1132         case REF_putStatic:          return Opcodes.PUTSTATIC;
1133         }
1134         throw new InternalError("refKind="+refKind);
1135     }
1136 
1137     /**
1138      * Emit bytecode for the selectAlternative idiom.
1139      *
1140      * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithTest):
1141      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1142      *   Lambda(a0:L,a1:I)=>{
1143      *     t2:I=foo.test(a1:I);
1144      *     t3:L=MethodHandleImpl.selectAlternative(t2:I,(MethodHandle(int)int),(MethodHandle(int)int));
1145      *     t4:I=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(t3:L,a1:I);t4:I}
1146      * }</pre></blockquote>
1147      */
1148     private Name emitSelectAlternative(Name selectAlternativeName, Name invokeBasicName) {
1149         assert isStaticallyInvocable(invokeBasicName);
1150 
1151         Name receiver = (Name) invokeBasicName.arguments[0];
1152 
1153         Label L_fallback = new Label();
1154         Label L_done     = new Label();
1155 
1156         // load test result
1157         emitPushArgument(selectAlternativeName, 0);
1158 
1159         // if_icmpne L_fallback
1160         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IFEQ, L_fallback);
1161 
1162         // invoke selectAlternativeName.arguments[1]
1163         Class<?>[] preForkClasses = localClasses.clone();
1164         emitPushArgument(selectAlternativeName, 1);  // get 2nd argument of selectAlternative
1165         emitAstoreInsn(receiver.index());  // store the MH in the receiver slot
1166         emitStaticInvoke(invokeBasicName);
1167 
1168         // goto L_done
1169         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, L_done);
1170 
1171         // L_fallback:
1172         mv.visitLabel(L_fallback);
1173 
1174         // invoke selectAlternativeName.arguments[2]
1175         System.arraycopy(preForkClasses, 0, localClasses, 0, preForkClasses.length);
1176         emitPushArgument(selectAlternativeName, 2);  // get 3rd argument of selectAlternative
1177         emitAstoreInsn(receiver.index());  // store the MH in the receiver slot
1178         emitStaticInvoke(invokeBasicName);
1179 
1180         // L_done:
1181         mv.visitLabel(L_done);
1182         // for now do not bother to merge typestate; just reset to the dominator state
1183         System.arraycopy(preForkClasses, 0, localClasses, 0, preForkClasses.length);
1184 
1185         return invokeBasicName;  // return what's on stack
1186     }
1187 
1188     /**
1189      * Emit bytecode for the guardWithCatch idiom.
1190      *
1191      * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.makeGuardWithCatch):
1192      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1193      *  guardWithCatch=Lambda(a0:L,a1:L,a2:L,a3:L,a4:L,a5:L,a6:L,a7:L)=>{
1194      *    t8:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a4:L,a6:L,a7:L);
1195      *    t9:L=MethodHandleImpl.guardWithCatch(a1:L,a2:L,a3:L,t8:L);
1196      *   t10:I=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a5:L,t9:L);t10:I}
1197      * }</pre></blockquote>
1198      *
1199      * It is compiled into bytecode equivalent of the following code:
1200      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1201      *  try {
1202      *      return a1.invokeBasic(a6, a7);
1203      *  } catch (Throwable e) {
1204      *      if (!a2.isInstance(e)) throw e;
1205      *      return a3.invokeBasic(ex, a6, a7);
1206      *  }}</pre></blockquote>
1207      */
1208     private Name emitGuardWithCatch(int pos) {
1209         Name args    = lambdaForm.names[pos];
1210         Name invoker = lambdaForm.names[pos+1];
1211         Name result  = lambdaForm.names[pos+2];
1212 
1213         Label L_startBlock = new Label();
1214         Label L_endBlock = new Label();
1215         Label L_handler = new Label();
1216         Label L_done = new Label();
1217 
1218         Class<?> returnType = result.function.resolvedHandle().type().returnType();
1219         MethodType type = args.function.resolvedHandle().type()
1220                               .dropParameterTypes(0,1)
1221                               .changeReturnType(returnType);
1222 
1223         mv.visitTryCatchBlock(L_startBlock, L_endBlock, L_handler, "java/lang/Throwable");
1224 
1225         // Normal case
1226         mv.visitLabel(L_startBlock);
1227         // load target
1228         emitPushArgument(invoker, 0);
1229         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // skip 1st argument: method handle
1230         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", type.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
1231         mv.visitLabel(L_endBlock);
1232         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, L_done);
1233 
1234         // Exceptional case
1235         mv.visitLabel(L_handler);
1236 
1237         // Check exception's type
1238         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
1239         // load exception class
1240         emitPushArgument(invoker, 1);
1241         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
1242         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/lang/Class", "isInstance", "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z", false);
1243         Label L_rethrow = new Label();
1244         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IFEQ, L_rethrow);
1245 
1246         // Invoke catcher
1247         // load catcher
1248         emitPushArgument(invoker, 2);
1249         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
1250         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // skip 1st argument: method handle
1251         MethodType catcherType = type.insertParameterTypes(0, Throwable.class);
1252         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", catcherType.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
1253         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, L_done);
1254 
1255         mv.visitLabel(L_rethrow);
1256         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ATHROW);
1257 
1258         mv.visitLabel(L_done);
1259 
1260         return result;
1261     }
1262 
1263     /**
1264      * Emit bytecode for the tryFinally idiom.
1265      * <p>
1266      * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.makeTryFinally):
1267      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1268      * // a0: BMH
1269      * // a1: target, a2: cleanup
1270      * // a3: box, a4: unbox
1271      * // a5 (and following): arguments
1272      * tryFinally=Lambda(a0:L,a1:L,a2:L,a3:L,a4:L,a5:L)=>{
1273      *   t6:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a3:L,a5:L);         // box the arguments into an Object[]
1274      *   t7:L=MethodHandleImpl.tryFinally(a1:L,a2:L,t6:L); // call the tryFinally executor
1275      *   t8:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a4:L,t7:L);t8:L}    // unbox the result; return the result
1276      * }</pre></blockquote>
1277      * <p>
1278      * It is compiled into bytecode equivalent to the following code:
1279      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1280      * Throwable t;
1281      * Object r;
1282      * try {
1283      *     r = a1.invokeBasic(a5);
1284      * } catch (Throwable thrown) {
1285      *     t = thrown;
1286      *     throw t;
1287      * } finally {
1288      *     r = a2.invokeBasic(t, r, a5);
1289      * }
1290      * return r;
1291      * }</pre></blockquote>
1292      * <p>
1293      * Specifically, the bytecode will have the following form (the stack effects are given for the beginnings of
1294      * blocks, and for the situations after executing the given instruction - the code will have a slightly different
1295      * shape if the return type is {@code void}):
1296      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1297      * TRY:                 (--)
1298      *                      load target                             (-- target)
1299      *                      load args                               (-- args... target)
1300      *                      INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic  (depends)
1301      * FINALLY_NORMAL:      (-- r_2nd* r)
1302      *                      store returned value                    (--)
1303      *                      load cleanup                            (-- cleanup)
1304      *                      ACONST_NULL                             (-- t cleanup)
1305      *                      load returned value                     (-- r_2nd* r t cleanup)
1306      *                      load args                               (-- args... r_2nd* r t cleanup)
1307      *                      INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic  (-- r_2nd* r)
1308      *                      GOTO DONE
1309      * CATCH:               (-- t)
1310      *                      DUP                                     (-- t t)
1311      * FINALLY_EXCEPTIONAL: (-- t t)
1312      *                      load cleanup                            (-- cleanup t t)
1313      *                      SWAP                                    (-- t cleanup t)
1314      *                      load default for r                      (-- r_2nd* r t cleanup t)
1315      *                      load args                               (-- args... r_2nd* r t cleanup t)
1316      *                      INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic  (-- r_2nd* r t)
1317      *                      POP/POP2*                               (-- t)
1318      *                      ATHROW
1319      * DONE:                (-- r)
1320      * }</pre></blockquote>
1321      * * = depends on whether the return type takes up 2 stack slots.
1322      */
1323     private Name emitTryFinally(int pos) {
1324         Name args    = lambdaForm.names[pos];
1325         Name invoker = lambdaForm.names[pos+1];
1326         Name result  = lambdaForm.names[pos+2];
1327 
1328         Label lFrom = new Label();
1329         Label lTo = new Label();
1330         Label lCatch = new Label();
1331         Label lDone = new Label();
1332 
1333         Class<?> returnType = result.function.resolvedHandle().type().returnType();
1334         BasicType basicReturnType = BasicType.basicType(returnType);
1335         boolean isNonVoid = returnType != void.class;
1336 
1337         MethodType type = args.function.resolvedHandle().type()
1338                 .dropParameterTypes(0,1)
1339                 .changeReturnType(returnType);
1340         MethodType cleanupType = type.insertParameterTypes(0, Throwable.class);
1341         if (isNonVoid) {
1342             cleanupType = cleanupType.insertParameterTypes(1, returnType);
1343         }
1344         String cleanupDesc = cleanupType.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString();
1345 
1346         // exception handler table
1347         mv.visitTryCatchBlock(lFrom, lTo, lCatch, "java/lang/Throwable");
1348 
1349         // TRY:
1350         mv.visitLabel(lFrom);
1351         emitPushArgument(invoker, 0); // load target
1352         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // load args (skip 0: method handle)
1353         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", type.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
1354         mv.visitLabel(lTo);
1355 
1356         // FINALLY_NORMAL:
1357         int index = extendLocalsMap(new Class<?>[]{ returnType });
1358         if (isNonVoid) {
1359             emitStoreInsn(basicReturnType, index);
1360         }
1361         emitPushArgument(invoker, 1); // load cleanup
1362         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ACONST_NULL);
1363         if (isNonVoid) {
1364             emitLoadInsn(basicReturnType, index);
1365         }
1366         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // load args (skip 0: method handle)
1367         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", cleanupDesc, false);
1368         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, lDone);
1369 
1370         // CATCH:
1371         mv.visitLabel(lCatch);
1372         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
1373 
1374         // FINALLY_EXCEPTIONAL:
1375         emitPushArgument(invoker, 1); // load cleanup
1376         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);
1377         if (isNonVoid) {
1378             emitZero(BasicType.basicType(returnType)); // load default for result
1379         }
1380         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // load args (skip 0: method handle)
1381         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", cleanupDesc, false);
1382         if (isNonVoid) {
1383             emitPopInsn(basicReturnType);
1384         }
1385         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ATHROW);
1386 
1387         // DONE:
1388         mv.visitLabel(lDone);
1389 
1390         return result;
1391     }
1392 
1393     private void emitPopInsn(BasicType type) {
1394         mv.visitInsn(popInsnOpcode(type));
1395     }
1396 
1397     private static int popInsnOpcode(BasicType type) {
1398         return switch (type) {
1399             case I_TYPE, F_TYPE, L_TYPE -> Opcodes.POP;
1400             case J_TYPE, D_TYPE         -> Opcodes.POP2;
1401             default -> throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
1402         };
1403     }
1404 
1405     private Name emitTableSwitch(int pos, int numCases) {
1406         Name args    = lambdaForm.names[pos];
1407         Name invoker = lambdaForm.names[pos + 1];
1408         Name result  = lambdaForm.names[pos + 2];
1409 
1410         Class<?> returnType = result.function.resolvedHandle().type().returnType();
1411         MethodType caseType = args.function.resolvedHandle().type()
1412             .dropParameterTypes(0, 1) // drop collector
1413             .changeReturnType(returnType);
1414         String caseDescriptor = caseType.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString();
1415 
1416         emitPushArgument(invoker, 2); // push cases
1417         mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, "java/lang/invoke/MethodHandleImpl$CasesHolder", "cases",
1418             "[Ljava/lang/invoke/MethodHandle;");
1419         int casesLocal = extendLocalsMap(new Class<?>[] { MethodHandle[].class });
1420         emitStoreInsn(L_TYPE, casesLocal);
1421 
1422         Label endLabel = new Label();
1423         Label defaultLabel = new Label();
1424         Label[] caseLabels = new Label[numCases];
1425         for (int i = 0; i < caseLabels.length; i++) {
1426             caseLabels[i] = new Label();
1427         }
1428 
1429         emitPushArgument(invoker, 0); // push switch input
1430         mv.visitTableSwitchInsn(0, numCases - 1, defaultLabel, caseLabels);
1431 
1432         mv.visitLabel(defaultLabel);
1433         emitPushArgument(invoker, 1); // push default handle
1434         emitPushArguments(args, 1); // again, skip collector
1435         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", caseDescriptor, false);
1436         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, endLabel);
1437 
1438         for (int i = 0; i < numCases; i++) {
1439             mv.visitLabel(caseLabels[i]);
1440             // Load the particular case:
1441             emitLoadInsn(L_TYPE, casesLocal);
1442             emitIconstInsn(i);
1443             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AALOAD);
1444 
1445             // invoke it:
1446             emitPushArguments(args, 1); // again, skip collector
1447             mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", caseDescriptor, false);
1448 
1449             mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, endLabel);
1450         }
1451 
1452         mv.visitLabel(endLabel);
1453 
1454         return result;
1455     }
1456 
1457     /**
1458      * Emit bytecode for the loop idiom.
1459      * <p>
1460      * The pattern looks like (Cf. MethodHandleImpl.loop):
1461      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1462      * // a0: BMH
1463      * // a1: LoopClauses (containing an array of arrays: inits, steps, preds, finis)
1464      * // a2: box, a3: unbox
1465      * // a4 (and following): arguments
1466      * loop=Lambda(a0:L,a1:L,a2:L,a3:L,a4:L)=>{
1467      *   t5:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a2:L,a4:L);          // box the arguments into an Object[]
1468      *   t6:L=MethodHandleImpl.loop(bt:L,a1:L,t5:L);        // call the loop executor (with supplied types in bt)
1469      *   t7:L=MethodHandle.invokeBasic(a3:L,t6:L);t7:L}     // unbox the result; return the result
1470      * }</pre></blockquote>
1471      * <p>
1472      * It is compiled into bytecode equivalent to the code seen in {@link MethodHandleImpl#loop(BasicType[],
1473      * MethodHandleImpl.LoopClauses, Object...)}, with the difference that no arrays
1474      * will be used for local state storage. Instead, the local state will be mapped to actual stack slots.
1475      * <p>
1476      * Bytecode generation applies an unrolling scheme to enable better bytecode generation regarding local state type
1477      * handling. The generated bytecode will have the following form ({@code void} types are ignored for convenience).
1478      * Assume there are {@code C} clauses in the loop.
1479      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1480      * PREINIT: ALOAD_1
1481      *          CHECKCAST LoopClauses
1482      *          GETFIELD LoopClauses.clauses
1483      *          ASTORE clauseDataIndex          // place the clauses 2-dimensional array on the stack
1484      * INIT:    (INIT_SEQ for clause 1)
1485      *          ...
1486      *          (INIT_SEQ for clause C)
1487      * LOOP:    (LOOP_SEQ for clause 1)
1488      *          ...
1489      *          (LOOP_SEQ for clause C)
1490      *          GOTO LOOP
1491      * DONE:    ...
1492      * }</pre></blockquote>
1493      * <p>
1494      * The {@code INIT_SEQ_x} sequence for clause {@code x} (with {@code x} ranging from {@code 0} to {@code C-1}) has
1495      * the following shape. Assume slot {@code vx} is used to hold the state for clause {@code x}.
1496      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1497      * INIT_SEQ_x:  ALOAD clauseDataIndex
1498      *              ICONST_0
1499      *              AALOAD      // load the inits array
1500      *              ICONST x
1501      *              AALOAD      // load the init handle for clause x
1502      *              load args
1503      *              INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic
1504      *              store vx
1505      * }</pre></blockquote>
1506      * <p>
1507      * The {@code LOOP_SEQ_x} sequence for clause {@code x} (with {@code x} ranging from {@code 0} to {@code C-1}) has
1508      * the following shape. Again, assume slot {@code vx} is used to hold the state for clause {@code x}.
1509      * <blockquote><pre>{@code
1510      * LOOP_SEQ_x:  ALOAD clauseDataIndex
1511      *              ICONST_1
1512      *              AALOAD              // load the steps array
1513      *              ICONST x
1514      *              AALOAD              // load the step handle for clause x
1515      *              load locals
1516      *              load args
1517      *              INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic
1518      *              store vx
1519      *              ALOAD clauseDataIndex
1520      *              ICONST_2
1521      *              AALOAD              // load the preds array
1522      *              ICONST x
1523      *              AALOAD              // load the pred handle for clause x
1524      *              load locals
1525      *              load args
1526      *              INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic
1527      *              IFNE LOOP_SEQ_x+1   // predicate returned false -> jump to next clause
1528      *              ALOAD clauseDataIndex
1529      *              ICONST_3
1530      *              AALOAD              // load the finis array
1531      *              ICONST x
1532      *              AALOAD              // load the fini handle for clause x
1533      *              load locals
1534      *              load args
1535      *              INVOKEVIRTUAL MethodHandle.invokeBasic
1536      *              GOTO DONE           // jump beyond end of clauses to return from loop
1537      * }</pre></blockquote>
1538      */
1539     private Name emitLoop(int pos) {
1540         Name args    = lambdaForm.names[pos];
1541         Name invoker = lambdaForm.names[pos+1];
1542         Name result  = lambdaForm.names[pos+2];
1543 
1544         // extract clause and loop-local state types
1545         // find the type info in the loop invocation
1546         BasicType[] loopClauseTypes = (BasicType[]) invoker.arguments[0];
1547         Class<?>[] loopLocalStateTypes = Stream.of(loopClauseTypes).
1548                 filter(bt -> bt != BasicType.V_TYPE).map(BasicType::basicTypeClass).toArray(Class<?>[]::new);
1549         Class<?>[] localTypes = new Class<?>[loopLocalStateTypes.length + 1];
1550         localTypes[0] = MethodHandleImpl.LoopClauses.class;
1551         System.arraycopy(loopLocalStateTypes, 0, localTypes, 1, loopLocalStateTypes.length);
1552 
1553         final int clauseDataIndex = extendLocalsMap(localTypes);
1554         final int firstLoopStateIndex = clauseDataIndex + 1;
1555 
1556         Class<?> returnType = result.function.resolvedHandle().type().returnType();
1557         MethodType loopType = args.function.resolvedHandle().type()
1558                 .dropParameterTypes(0,1)
1559                 .changeReturnType(returnType);
1560         MethodType loopHandleType = loopType.insertParameterTypes(0, loopLocalStateTypes);
1561         MethodType predType = loopHandleType.changeReturnType(boolean.class);
1562         MethodType finiType = loopHandleType;
1563 
1564         final int nClauses = loopClauseTypes.length;
1565 
1566         // indices to invoker arguments to load method handle arrays
1567         final int inits = 1;
1568         final int steps = 2;
1569         final int preds = 3;
1570         final int finis = 4;
1571 
1572         Label lLoop = new Label();
1573         Label lDone = new Label();
1574         Label lNext;
1575 
1576         // PREINIT:
1577         emitPushArgument(MethodHandleImpl.LoopClauses.class, invoker.arguments[1]);
1578         mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, LOOP_CLAUSES, "clauses", MHARY2);
1579         emitAstoreInsn(clauseDataIndex);
1580 
1581         // INIT:
1582         for (int c = 0, state = 0; c < nClauses; ++c) {
1583             MethodType cInitType = loopType.changeReturnType(loopClauseTypes[c].basicTypeClass());
1584             emitLoopHandleInvoke(invoker, inits, c, args, false, cInitType, loopLocalStateTypes, clauseDataIndex,
1585                     firstLoopStateIndex);
1586             if (cInitType.returnType() != void.class) {
1587                 emitStoreInsn(BasicType.basicType(cInitType.returnType()), firstLoopStateIndex + state);
1588                 ++state;
1589             }
1590         }
1591 
1592         // LOOP:
1593         mv.visitLabel(lLoop);
1594 
1595         for (int c = 0, state = 0; c < nClauses; ++c) {
1596             lNext = new Label();
1597 
1598             MethodType stepType = loopHandleType.changeReturnType(loopClauseTypes[c].basicTypeClass());
1599             boolean isVoid = stepType.returnType() == void.class;
1600 
1601             // invoke loop step
1602             emitLoopHandleInvoke(invoker, steps, c, args, true, stepType, loopLocalStateTypes, clauseDataIndex,
1603                     firstLoopStateIndex);
1604             if (!isVoid) {
1605                 emitStoreInsn(BasicType.basicType(stepType.returnType()), firstLoopStateIndex + state);
1606                 ++state;
1607             }
1608 
1609             // invoke loop predicate
1610             emitLoopHandleInvoke(invoker, preds, c, args, true, predType, loopLocalStateTypes, clauseDataIndex,
1611                     firstLoopStateIndex);
1612             mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.IFNE, lNext);
1613 
1614             // invoke fini
1615             emitLoopHandleInvoke(invoker, finis, c, args, true, finiType, loopLocalStateTypes, clauseDataIndex,
1616                     firstLoopStateIndex);
1617             mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, lDone);
1618 
1619             // this is the beginning of the next loop clause
1620             mv.visitLabel(lNext);
1621         }
1622 
1623         mv.visitJumpInsn(Opcodes.GOTO, lLoop);
1624 
1625         // DONE:
1626         mv.visitLabel(lDone);
1627 
1628         return result;
1629     }
1630 
1631     private int extendLocalsMap(Class<?>[] types) {
1632         int firstSlot = localsMap.length - 1;
1633         localsMap = Arrays.copyOf(localsMap, localsMap.length + types.length);
1634         localClasses = Arrays.copyOf(localClasses, localClasses.length + types.length);
1635         System.arraycopy(types, 0, localClasses, firstSlot, types.length);
1636         int index = localsMap[firstSlot - 1] + 1;
1637         int lastSlots = 0;
1638         for (int i = 0; i < types.length; ++i) {
1639             localsMap[firstSlot + i] = index;
1640             lastSlots = BasicType.basicType(localClasses[firstSlot + i]).basicTypeSlots();
1641             index += lastSlots;
1642         }
1643         localsMap[localsMap.length - 1] = index - lastSlots;
1644         return firstSlot;
1645     }
1646 
1647     private void emitLoopHandleInvoke(Name holder, int handles, int clause, Name args, boolean pushLocalState,
1648                                       MethodType type, Class<?>[] loopLocalStateTypes, int clauseDataSlot,
1649                                       int firstLoopStateSlot) {
1650         // load handle for clause
1651         emitPushClauseArray(clauseDataSlot, handles);
1652         emitIconstInsn(clause);
1653         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AALOAD);
1654         // load loop state (preceding the other arguments)
1655         if (pushLocalState) {
1656             for (int s = 0; s < loopLocalStateTypes.length; ++s) {
1657                 emitLoadInsn(BasicType.basicType(loopLocalStateTypes[s]), firstLoopStateSlot + s);
1658             }
1659         }
1660         // load loop args (skip 0: method handle)
1661         emitPushArguments(args, 1);
1662         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", type.toMethodDescriptorString(), false);
1663     }
1664 
1665     private void emitPushClauseArray(int clauseDataSlot, int which) {
1666         emitAloadInsn(clauseDataSlot);
1667         emitIconstInsn(which - 1);
1668         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AALOAD);
1669     }
1670 
1671     private void emitZero(BasicType type) {
1672         mv.visitInsn(switch (type) {
1673             case I_TYPE -> Opcodes.ICONST_0;
1674             case J_TYPE -> Opcodes.LCONST_0;
1675             case F_TYPE -> Opcodes.FCONST_0;
1676             case D_TYPE -> Opcodes.DCONST_0;
1677             case L_TYPE -> Opcodes.ACONST_NULL;
1678             default -> throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
1679         });
1680     }
1681 
1682     private void emitPushArguments(Name args, int start) {
1683         MethodType type = args.function.methodType();
1684         for (int i = start; i < args.arguments.length; i++) {
1685             emitPushArgument(type.parameterType(i), args.arguments[i]);
1686         }
1687     }
1688 
1689     private void emitPushArgument(Name name, int paramIndex) {
1690         Object arg = name.arguments[paramIndex];
1691         Class<?> ptype = name.function.methodType().parameterType(paramIndex);
1692         emitPushArgument(ptype, arg);
1693     }
1694 
1695     private void emitPushArgument(Class<?> ptype, Object arg) {
1696         BasicType bptype = basicType(ptype);
1697         if (arg instanceof Name n) {
1698             emitLoadInsn(n.type, n.index());
1699             emitImplicitConversion(n.type, ptype, n);
1700         } else if (arg == null && bptype == L_TYPE) {
1701             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ACONST_NULL);
1702         } else if (arg instanceof String && bptype == L_TYPE) {
1703             mv.visitLdcInsn(arg);
1704         } else {
1705             if (Wrapper.isWrapperType(arg.getClass()) && bptype != L_TYPE) {
1706                 emitConst(arg);
1707             } else {
1708                 mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, className, classData(arg), "Ljava/lang/Object;");
1709                 emitImplicitConversion(L_TYPE, ptype, arg);
1710             }
1711         }
1712     }
1713 
1714     /**
1715      * Store the name to its local, if necessary.
1716      */
1717     private void emitStoreResult(Name name) {
1718         if (name != null && name.type != V_TYPE) {
1719             // non-void: actually assign
1720             emitStoreInsn(name.type, name.index());
1721         }
1722     }
1723 
1724     /**
1725      * Emits a return statement from a LF invoker. If required, the result type is cast to the correct return type.
1726      */
1727     private void emitReturn(Name onStack) {
1728         // return statement
1729         Class<?> rclass = invokerType.returnType();
1730         BasicType rtype = lambdaForm.returnType();
1731         assert(rtype == basicType(rclass));  // must agree
1732         if (rtype == V_TYPE) {
1733             // void
1734             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
1735             // it doesn't matter what rclass is; the JVM will discard any value
1736         } else {
1737             LambdaForm.Name rn = lambdaForm.names[lambdaForm.result];
1738 
1739             // put return value on the stack if it is not already there
1740             if (rn != onStack) {
1741                 emitLoadInsn(rtype, lambdaForm.result);
1742             }
1743 
1744             emitImplicitConversion(rtype, rclass, rn);
1745 
1746             // generate actual return statement
1747             emitReturnInsn(rtype);
1748         }
1749     }
1750 
1751     /**
1752      * Emit a type conversion bytecode casting from "from" to "to".
1753      */
1754     private void emitPrimCast(Wrapper from, Wrapper to) {
1755         // Here's how.
1756         // -   indicates forbidden
1757         // <-> indicates implicit
1758         //      to ----> boolean  byte     short    char     int      long     float    double
1759         // from boolean    <->        -        -        -        -        -        -        -
1760         //      byte        -       <->       i2s      i2c      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1761         //      short       -       i2b       <->      i2c      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1762         //      char        -       i2b       i2s      <->      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1763         //      int         -       i2b       i2s      i2c      <->      i2l      i2f      i2d
1764         //      long        -     l2i,i2b   l2i,i2s  l2i,i2c    l2i      <->      l2f      l2d
1765         //      float       -     f2i,i2b   f2i,i2s  f2i,i2c    f2i      f2l      <->      f2d
1766         //      double      -     d2i,i2b   d2i,i2s  d2i,i2c    d2i      d2l      d2f      <->
1767         if (from == to) {
1768             // no cast required, should be dead code anyway
1769             return;
1770         }
1771         if (from.isSubwordOrInt()) {
1772             // cast from {byte,short,char,int} to anything
1773             emitI2X(to);
1774         } else {
1775             // cast from {long,float,double} to anything
1776             if (to.isSubwordOrInt()) {
1777                 // cast to {byte,short,char,int}
1778                 emitX2I(from);
1779                 if (to.bitWidth() < 32) {
1780                     // targets other than int require another conversion
1781                     emitI2X(to);
1782                 }
1783             } else {
1784                 // cast to {long,float,double} - this is verbose
1785                 boolean error = false;
1786                 switch (from) {
1787                     case LONG -> {
1788                         switch (to) {
1789                             case FLOAT  -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.L2F);
1790                             case DOUBLE -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.L2D);
1791                             default -> error = true;
1792                         }
1793                     }
1794                     case FLOAT -> {
1795                         switch (to) {
1796                             case LONG   -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.F2L);
1797                             case DOUBLE -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.F2D);
1798                             default -> error = true;
1799                         }
1800                     }
1801                     case DOUBLE -> {
1802                         switch (to) {
1803                             case LONG  -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.D2L);
1804                             case FLOAT -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.D2F);
1805                             default -> error = true;
1806                         }
1807                     }
1808                     default -> error = true;
1809                 }
1810                 if (error) {
1811                     throw new IllegalStateException("unhandled prim cast: " + from + "2" + to);
1812                 }
1813             }
1814         }
1815     }
1816 
1817     private void emitI2X(Wrapper type) {
1818         switch (type) {
1819         case BYTE:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2B);  break;
1820         case SHORT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2S);  break;
1821         case CHAR:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2C);  break;
1822         case INT:     /* naught */                break;
1823         case LONG:    mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2L);  break;
1824         case FLOAT:   mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2F);  break;
1825         case DOUBLE:  mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.I2D);  break;
1826         case BOOLEAN:
1827             // For compatibility with ValueConversions and explicitCastArguments:
1828             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ICONST_1);
1829             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.IAND);
1830             break;
1831         default:   throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
1832         }
1833     }
1834 
1835     private void emitX2I(Wrapper type) {
1836         switch (type) {
1837             case LONG -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.L2I);
1838             case FLOAT -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.F2I);
1839             case DOUBLE -> mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.D2I);
1840             default -> throw new InternalError("unknown type: " + type);
1841         }
1842     }
1843 
1844     /**
1845      * Generate bytecode for a LambdaForm.vmentry which calls interpretWithArguments.
1846      */
1847     static MemberName generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPoint(MethodType mt) {
1848         assert(isValidSignature(basicTypeSignature(mt)));
1849         String name = "interpret_"+basicTypeChar(mt.returnType());
1850         MethodType type = mt;  // includes leading argument
1851         type = type.changeParameterType(0, MethodHandle.class);
1852         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("LFI", name, type);
1853         return g.loadMethod(g.generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPointBytes());
1854     }
1855 
1856     private byte[] generateLambdaFormInterpreterEntryPointBytes() {
1857         classFilePrologue();
1858         methodPrologue();
1859 
1860         // Suppress this method in backtraces displayed to the user.
1861         mv.visitAnnotation(HIDDEN_SIG, true);
1862 
1863         // Don't inline the interpreter entry.
1864         mv.visitAnnotation(DONTINLINE_SIG, true);
1865 
1866         // create parameter array
1867         emitIconstInsn(invokerType.parameterCount());
1868         mv.visitTypeInsn(Opcodes.ANEWARRAY, "java/lang/Object");
1869 
1870         // fill parameter array
1871         for (int i = 0; i < invokerType.parameterCount(); i++) {
1872             Class<?> ptype = invokerType.parameterType(i);
1873             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.DUP);
1874             emitIconstInsn(i);
1875             emitLoadInsn(basicType(ptype), i);
1876             // box if primitive type
1877             if (ptype.isPrimitive()) {
1878                 emitBoxing(Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(ptype));
1879             }
1880             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AASTORE);
1881         }
1882         // invoke
1883         emitAloadInsn(0);
1884         mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETFIELD, MH, "form", "Ljava/lang/invoke/LambdaForm;");
1885         mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.SWAP);  // swap form and array; avoid local variable
1886         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, LF, "interpretWithArguments", "([Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;", false);
1887 
1888         // maybe unbox
1889         Class<?> rtype = invokerType.returnType();
1890         if (rtype.isPrimitive() && rtype != void.class) {
1891             emitUnboxing(Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(rtype));
1892         }
1893 
1894         // return statement
1895         emitReturnInsn(basicType(rtype));
1896 
1897         methodEpilogue();
1898         clinit(cw, className, classData);
1899         bogusMethod(invokerType);
1900 
1901         final byte[] classFile = cw.toByteArray();
1902         maybeDump(classFile);
1903         return classFile;
1904     }
1905 
1906     /**
1907      * Generate bytecode for a NamedFunction invoker.
1908      */
1909     static MemberName generateNamedFunctionInvoker(MethodTypeForm typeForm) {
1910         MethodType invokerType = NamedFunction.INVOKER_METHOD_TYPE;
1911         String invokerName = "invoke_" + shortenSignature(basicTypeSignature(typeForm.erasedType()));
1912         InvokerBytecodeGenerator g = new InvokerBytecodeGenerator("NFI", invokerName, invokerType);
1913         return g.loadMethod(g.generateNamedFunctionInvokerImpl(typeForm));
1914     }
1915 
1916     private byte[] generateNamedFunctionInvokerImpl(MethodTypeForm typeForm) {
1917         MethodType dstType = typeForm.erasedType();
1918         classFilePrologue();
1919         methodPrologue();
1920 
1921         // Suppress this method in backtraces displayed to the user.
1922         mv.visitAnnotation(HIDDEN_SIG, true);
1923 
1924         // Force inlining of this invoker method.
1925         mv.visitAnnotation(FORCEINLINE_SIG, true);
1926 
1927         // Load receiver
1928         emitAloadInsn(0);
1929 
1930         // Load arguments from array
1931         for (int i = 0; i < dstType.parameterCount(); i++) {
1932             emitAloadInsn(1);
1933             emitIconstInsn(i);
1934             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.AALOAD);
1935 
1936             // Maybe unbox
1937             Class<?> dptype = dstType.parameterType(i);
1938             if (dptype.isPrimitive()) {
1939                 Wrapper dstWrapper = Wrapper.forBasicType(dptype);
1940                 Wrapper srcWrapper = dstWrapper.isSubwordOrInt() ? Wrapper.INT : dstWrapper;  // narrow subword from int
1941                 emitUnboxing(srcWrapper);
1942                 emitPrimCast(srcWrapper, dstWrapper);
1943             }
1944         }
1945 
1946         // Invoke
1947         String targetDesc = dstType.basicType().toMethodDescriptorString();
1948         mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, MH, "invokeBasic", targetDesc, false);
1949 
1950         // Box primitive types
1951         Class<?> rtype = dstType.returnType();
1952         if (rtype != void.class && rtype.isPrimitive()) {
1953             Wrapper srcWrapper = Wrapper.forBasicType(rtype);
1954             Wrapper dstWrapper = srcWrapper.isSubwordOrInt() ? Wrapper.INT : srcWrapper;  // widen subword to int
1955             // boolean casts not allowed
1956             emitPrimCast(srcWrapper, dstWrapper);
1957             emitBoxing(dstWrapper);
1958         }
1959 
1960         // If the return type is void we return a null reference.
1961         if (rtype == void.class) {
1962             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.ACONST_NULL);
1963         }
1964         emitReturnInsn(L_TYPE);  // NOTE: NamedFunction invokers always return a reference value.
1965 
1966         methodEpilogue();
1967         clinit(cw, className, classData);
1968         bogusMethod(dstType);
1969 
1970         final byte[] classFile = cw.toByteArray();
1971         maybeDump(classFile);
1972         return classFile;
1973     }
1974 
1975     /**
1976      * Emit a bogus method that just loads some string constants. This is to get the constants into the constant pool
1977      * for debugging purposes.
1978      */
1979     private void bogusMethod(Object os) {
1980         if (DUMP_CLASS_FILES) {
1981             mv = cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "dummy", "()V", null, null);
1982             mv.visitLdcInsn(os.toString());
1983             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.POP);
1984             mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.RETURN);
1985             mv.visitMaxs(0, 0);
1986             mv.visitEnd();
1987         }
1988     }
1989 }