1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2008, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang.invoke;
  27 
  28 import sun.invoke.util.VerifyAccess;
  29 
  30 import java.lang.classfile.ClassFile;
  31 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  32 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  33 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  36 import java.util.Objects;
  37 
  38 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
  39 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.newIllegalArgumentException;
  40 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.newInternalError;
  41 
  42 /**
  43  * A {@code MemberName} is a compact symbolic datum which fully characterizes
  44  * a method or field reference.
  45  * A member name refers to a field, method, constructor, or member type.
  46  * Every member name has a simple name (a string) and a type (either a Class or MethodType).
  47  * A member name may also have a non-null declaring class, or it may be simply
  48  * a naked name/type pair.
  49  * A member name may also have non-zero modifier flags.
  50  * Finally, a member name may be either resolved or unresolved.
  51  * If it is resolved, the existence of the named member has been determined by the JVM.
  52  * <p>
  53  * Whether resolved or not, a member name provides no access rights or
  54  * invocation capability to its possessor.  It is merely a compact
  55  * representation of all symbolic information necessary to link to
  56  * and properly use the named member.
  57  * <p>
  58  * When resolved, a member name's internal implementation may include references to JVM metadata.
  59  * This representation is stateless and only descriptive.
  60  * It provides no private information and no capability to use the member.
  61  * <p>
  62  * By contrast, a {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method} contains fuller information
  63  * about the internals of a method (except its bytecodes) and also
  64  * allows invocation.  A MemberName is much lighter than a Method,
  65  * since it contains about 7 fields to the 16 of Method (plus its sub-arrays),
  66  * and those seven fields omit much of the information in Method.
  67  * @author jrose
  68  */
  69 
  70 /*non-public*/
  71 final class MemberName implements Member, Cloneable {
  72     private Class<?> clazz;       // class in which the member is defined
  73     private String   name;        // may be null if not yet materialized
  74     private Object   type;        // may be null if not yet materialized
  75     private int      flags;       // modifier bits; see reflect.Modifier
  76     private ResolvedMethodName method;    // cached resolved method information
  77     //@Injected intptr_t       vmindex;   // vtable index or offset of resolved member
  78     Object   resolution;  // if null, this guy is resolved
  79 
  80     /** Return the declaring class of this member.
  81      *  In the case of a bare name and type, the declaring class will be null.
  82      */
  83     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
  84         return clazz;
  85     }
  86 
  87     /** Utility method producing the class loader of the declaring class. */
  88     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
  89         return clazz.getClassLoader();
  90     }
  91 
  92     /** Return the simple name of this member.
  93      *  For a type, it is the same as {@link Class#getSimpleName}.
  94      *  For a method or field, it is the simple name of the member.
  95      *  For a constructor, it is always {@code "<init>"}.
  96      */
  97     public String getName() {
  98         if (name == null) {
  99             expandFromVM();
 100             if (name == null) {
 101                 return null;
 102             }
 103         }
 104         return name;
 105     }
 106 
 107     public MethodType getMethodOrFieldType() {
 108         if (isInvocable())
 109             return getMethodType();
 110         if (isGetter())
 111             return MethodType.methodType(getFieldType());
 112         if (isSetter())
 113             return MethodType.methodType(void.class, getFieldType());
 114         throw new InternalError("not a method or field: "+this);
 115     }
 116 
 117     /** Return the declared type of this member, which
 118      *  must be a method or constructor.
 119      */
 120     public MethodType getMethodType() {
 121         if (type == null) {
 122             expandFromVM();
 123             if (type == null) {
 124                 return null;
 125             }
 126         }
 127         if (!isInvocable()) {
 128             throw newIllegalArgumentException("not invocable, no method type");
 129         }
 130 
 131         {
 132             // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
 133             final Object type = this.type;
 134             if (type instanceof MethodType mt) {
 135                 return mt;
 136             }
 137         }
 138 
 139         // type is not a MethodType yet.  Convert it thread-safely.
 140         synchronized (this) {
 141             if (type instanceof String sig) {
 142                 MethodType res = MethodType.fromDescriptor(sig, getClassLoader());
 143                 type = res;
 144             } else if (type instanceof Object[] typeInfo) {
 145                 Class<?>[] ptypes = (Class<?>[]) typeInfo[1];
 146                 Class<?> rtype = (Class<?>) typeInfo[0];
 147                 MethodType res = MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes, true);
 148                 type = res;
 149             }
 150             // Make sure type is a MethodType for racing threads.
 151             assert type instanceof MethodType : "bad method type " + type;
 152         }
 153         return (MethodType) type;
 154     }
 155 
 156     /** Return the descriptor of this member, which
 157      *  must be a method or constructor.
 158      */
 159     String getMethodDescriptor() {
 160         if (type == null) {
 161             expandFromVM();
 162             if (type == null) {
 163                 return null;
 164             }
 165         }
 166         if (!isInvocable()) {
 167             throw newIllegalArgumentException("not invocable, no method type");
 168         }
 169 
 170         // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
 171         final Object type = this.type;
 172         if (type instanceof String str) {
 173             return str;
 174         } else {
 175             return getMethodType().toMethodDescriptorString();
 176         }
 177     }
 178 
 179     /** Return the actual type under which this method or constructor must be invoked.
 180      *  For non-static methods or constructors, this is the type with a leading parameter,
 181      *  a reference to declaring class.  For static methods, it is the same as the declared type.
 182      */
 183     public MethodType getInvocationType() {
 184         MethodType itype = getMethodOrFieldType();
 185         if (isConstructor() && getReferenceKind() == REF_newInvokeSpecial)
 186             return itype.changeReturnType(clazz);
 187         if (!isStatic())
 188             return itype.insertParameterTypes(0, clazz);
 189         return itype;
 190     }
 191 
 192     /** Return the declared type of this member, which
 193      *  must be a field or type.
 194      *  If it is a type member, that type itself is returned.
 195      */
 196     public Class<?> getFieldType() {
 197         if (type == null) {
 198             expandFromVM();
 199             if (type == null) {
 200                 return null;
 201             }
 202         }
 203         if (isInvocable()) {
 204             throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a field or nested class, no simple type");
 205         }
 206 
 207         {
 208             // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
 209             final Object type = this.type;
 210             if (type instanceof Class<?> cl) {
 211                 return cl;
 212             }
 213         }
 214 
 215         // type is not a Class yet.  Convert it thread-safely.
 216         synchronized (this) {
 217             if (type instanceof String sig) {
 218                 MethodType mtype = MethodType.fromDescriptor("()"+sig, getClassLoader());
 219                 Class<?> res = mtype.returnType();
 220                 type = res;
 221             }
 222             // Make sure type is a Class for racing threads.
 223             assert type instanceof Class<?> : "bad field type " + type;
 224         }
 225         return (Class<?>) type;
 226     }
 227 
 228     /** Utility method to produce either the method type or field type of this member. */
 229     public Object getType() {
 230         return (isInvocable() ? getMethodType() : getFieldType());
 231     }
 232 
 233     /** Return the modifier flags of this member.
 234      *  @see java.lang.reflect.Modifier
 235      */
 236     public int getModifiers() {
 237         return (flags & RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS);
 238     }
 239 
 240     /** Return the reference kind of this member, or zero if none.
 241      */
 242     public byte getReferenceKind() {
 243         return (byte) ((flags >>> MN_REFERENCE_KIND_SHIFT) & MN_REFERENCE_KIND_MASK);
 244     }
 245     private boolean referenceKindIsConsistent() {
 246         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 247         if (refKind == REF_NONE)  return isType();
 248         if (isField()) {
 249             assert(staticIsConsistent());
 250             assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind));
 251         } else if (isConstructor()) {
 252             assert(refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial || refKind == REF_invokeSpecial);
 253         } else if (isMethod()) {
 254             assert(staticIsConsistent());
 255             assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind));
 256             if (clazz.isInterface())
 257                 assert(refKind == REF_invokeInterface ||
 258                        refKind == REF_invokeStatic    ||
 259                        refKind == REF_invokeSpecial   ||
 260                        refKind == REF_invokeVirtual && isObjectPublicMethod());
 261         } else {
 262             assert(false);
 263         }
 264         return true;
 265     }
 266     private boolean isObjectPublicMethod() {
 267         if (clazz == Object.class)  return true;
 268         MethodType mtype = getMethodType();
 269         if (name.equals("toString") && mtype.returnType() == String.class && mtype.parameterCount() == 0)
 270             return true;
 271         if (name.equals("hashCode") && mtype.returnType() == int.class && mtype.parameterCount() == 0)
 272             return true;
 273         if (name.equals("equals") && mtype.returnType() == boolean.class && mtype.parameterCount() == 1 && mtype.parameterType(0) == Object.class)
 274             return true;
 275         return false;
 276     }
 277 
 278     /*non-public*/
 279     boolean referenceKindIsConsistentWith(int originalRefKind) {
 280         int refKind = getReferenceKind();
 281         if (refKind == originalRefKind) return true;
 282         if (getClass().desiredAssertionStatus()) {
 283             switch (originalRefKind) {
 284                 case REF_invokeInterface -> {
 285                     // Looking up an interface method, can get (e.g.) Object.hashCode
 286                     assert (refKind == REF_invokeVirtual || refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) : this;
 287                 }
 288                 case REF_invokeVirtual, REF_newInvokeSpecial -> {
 289                     // Looked up a virtual, can get (e.g.) final String.hashCode.
 290                     assert (refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) : this;
 291                 }
 292                 default -> {
 293                     assert (false) : this + " != " + MethodHandleNatives.refKindName((byte) originalRefKind);
 294                 }
 295             }
 296         }
 297         return true;
 298     }
 299     private boolean staticIsConsistent() {
 300         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 301         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsStatic(refKind) == isStatic() || getModifiers() == 0;
 302     }
 303     private boolean vminfoIsConsistent() {
 304         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 305         assert(isResolved());  // else don't call
 306         Object vminfo = MethodHandleNatives.getMemberVMInfo(this);
 307         assert(vminfo instanceof Object[]);
 308         long vmindex = (Long) ((Object[])vminfo)[0];
 309         Object vmtarget = ((Object[])vminfo)[1];
 310         if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
 311             assert(vmindex >= 0) : vmindex + ":" + this;
 312             assert(vmtarget instanceof Class);
 313         } else {
 314             if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindDoesDispatch(refKind))
 315                 assert(vmindex >= 0) : vmindex + ":" + this;
 316             else
 317                 assert(vmindex < 0) : vmindex;
 318             assert(vmtarget instanceof MemberName) : vmtarget + " in " + this;
 319         }
 320         return true;
 321     }
 322 
 323     private MemberName changeReferenceKind(byte refKind, byte oldKind) {
 324         assert(getReferenceKind() == oldKind && MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsValid(refKind));
 325         flags += (((int)refKind - oldKind) << MN_REFERENCE_KIND_SHIFT);
 326         return this;
 327     }
 328 
 329     private boolean matchingFlagsSet(int mask, int flags) {
 330         return (this.flags & mask) == flags;
 331     }
 332     private boolean allFlagsSet(int flags) {
 333         return (this.flags & flags) == flags;
 334     }
 335     private boolean anyFlagSet(int flags) {
 336         return (this.flags & flags) != 0;
 337     }
 338 
 339     /** Utility method to query if this member is a method handle invocation (invoke or invokeExact).
 340      */
 341     public boolean isMethodHandleInvoke() {
 342         final int bits = MH_INVOKE_MODS &~ Modifier.PUBLIC;
 343         final int negs = Modifier.STATIC;
 344         if (matchingFlagsSet(bits | negs, bits) && clazz == MethodHandle.class) {
 345             return isMethodHandleInvokeName(name);
 346         }
 347         return false;
 348     }
 349     public static boolean isMethodHandleInvokeName(String name) {
 350         return switch (name) {
 351             case "invoke", "invokeExact" -> true;
 352             default -> false;
 353         };
 354     }
 355     public boolean isVarHandleMethodInvoke() {
 356         final int bits = MH_INVOKE_MODS &~ Modifier.PUBLIC;
 357         final int negs = Modifier.STATIC;
 358         if (matchingFlagsSet(bits | negs, bits) && clazz == VarHandle.class) {
 359             return isVarHandleMethodInvokeName(name);
 360         }
 361         return false;
 362     }
 363     public static boolean isVarHandleMethodInvokeName(String name) {
 364         try {
 365             VarHandle.AccessMode.valueFromMethodName(name);
 366             return true;
 367         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
 368             return false;
 369         }
 370     }
 371     private static final int MH_INVOKE_MODS = Modifier.NATIVE | Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.PUBLIC;
 372 
 373     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 374     public boolean isStatic() {
 375         return Modifier.isStatic(flags);
 376     }
 377     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 378     public boolean isPublic() {
 379         return Modifier.isPublic(flags);
 380     }
 381     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 382     public boolean isPrivate() {
 383         return Modifier.isPrivate(flags);
 384     }
 385     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 386     public boolean isProtected() {
 387         return Modifier.isProtected(flags);
 388     }
 389     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 390     public boolean isFinal() {
 391         return Modifier.isFinal(flags);
 392     }
 393      /** Utility method to query the ACC_STRICT_INIT flag of this member. */
 394     public boolean isStrictInit() {
 395         return (flags & ClassFile.ACC_STRICT_INIT) != 0;
 396     }
 397     /** Utility method to query whether this member or its defining class is final. */
 398     public boolean canBeStaticallyBound() {
 399         return Modifier.isFinal(flags | clazz.getModifiers());
 400     }
 401     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 402     public boolean isVolatile() {
 403         return Modifier.isVolatile(flags);
 404     }
 405     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 406     public boolean isAbstract() {
 407         return Modifier.isAbstract(flags);
 408     }
 409     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 410     public boolean isNative() {
 411         return Modifier.isNative(flags);
 412     }
 413     // let the rest (native, volatile, transient, etc.) be tested via Modifier.isFoo
 414 
 415     // unofficial modifier flags, used by HotSpot:
 416     static final int BRIDGE      = 0x00000040;
 417     static final int VARARGS     = 0x00000080;
 418     static final int SYNTHETIC   = 0x00001000;
 419     static final int ANNOTATION  = 0x00002000;
 420     static final int ENUM        = 0x00004000;
 421 
 422     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member; returns false if the member is not a method. */
 423     public boolean isBridge() {
 424         return allFlagsSet(IS_METHOD | BRIDGE);
 425     }
 426     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member; returns false if the member is not a method. */
 427     public boolean isVarargs() {
 428         return allFlagsSet(VARARGS) && isInvocable();
 429     }
 430     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member; returns false if the member is not a method. */
 431     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 432         return allFlagsSet(SYNTHETIC);
 433     }
 434 
 435     /** Query whether this member is a flat field */
 436     public boolean isFlat() { return getLayout() != 0; }
 437 
 438     /** Query whether this member is a null-restricted field */
 439     public boolean isNullRestricted() { return (flags & MN_NULL_RESTRICTED) == MN_NULL_RESTRICTED; }
 440 
 441     /**
 442      * VM-internal layout code for this field, 0 if this field is not flat.
 443      */
 444     public int getLayout() { return (flags >>> MN_LAYOUT_SHIFT) & MN_LAYOUT_MASK; }
 445 
 446     static final String CONSTRUCTOR_NAME = "<init>";
 447 
 448     // modifiers exported by the JVM:
 449     static final int RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS = 0xFFFF;
 450 
 451     // private flags, not part of RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS:
 452     static final int
 453             IS_METHOD             = MN_IS_METHOD,              // method (not constructor)
 454             IS_CONSTRUCTOR        = MN_IS_CONSTRUCTOR,         // constructor
 455             IS_FIELD              = MN_IS_FIELD,               // field
 456             IS_TYPE               = MN_IS_TYPE,                // nested type
 457             CALLER_SENSITIVE      = MN_CALLER_SENSITIVE,       // @CallerSensitive annotation detected
 458             TRUSTED_FINAL         = MN_TRUSTED_FINAL;          // trusted final field
 459 
 460     static final int ALL_ACCESS = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PRIVATE | Modifier.PROTECTED;
 461     static final int ALL_KINDS = IS_METHOD | IS_CONSTRUCTOR | IS_FIELD | IS_TYPE;
 462     static final int IS_INVOCABLE = IS_METHOD | IS_CONSTRUCTOR;
 463 
 464     /** Utility method to query whether this member is a method or constructor. */
 465     public boolean isInvocable() {
 466         return anyFlagSet(IS_INVOCABLE);
 467     }
 468     /** Query whether this member is a method. */
 469     public boolean isMethod() {
 470         return allFlagsSet(IS_METHOD);
 471     }
 472     /** Query whether this member is a constructor. */
 473     public boolean isConstructor() {
 474         return allFlagsSet(IS_CONSTRUCTOR);
 475     }
 476     /** Query whether this member is a field. */
 477     public boolean isField() {
 478         return allFlagsSet(IS_FIELD);
 479     }
 480     /** Query whether this member is a type. */
 481     public boolean isType() {
 482         return allFlagsSet(IS_TYPE);
 483     }
 484     /** Utility method to query whether this member is neither public, private, nor protected. */
 485     public boolean isPackage() {
 486         return !anyFlagSet(ALL_ACCESS);
 487     }
 488     /** Query whether this member has a CallerSensitive annotation. */
 489     public boolean isCallerSensitive() {
 490         return allFlagsSet(CALLER_SENSITIVE);
 491     }
 492     /** Query whether this member is a trusted final field. */
 493     public boolean isTrustedFinalField() {
 494         return allFlagsSet(TRUSTED_FINAL | IS_FIELD);
 495     }
 496 
 497     /**
 498      * Check if MemberName is a call to a method named {@code name} in class {@code declaredClass}.
 499      */
 500     public boolean refersTo(Class<?> declc, String n) {
 501         return clazz == declc && getName().equals(n);
 502     }
 503 
 504     /** Initialize a query.   It is not resolved. */
 505     private void init(Class<?> defClass, String name, Object type, int flags) {
 506         // defining class is allowed to be null (for a naked name/type pair)
 507         //name.toString();  // null check
 508         //type.equals(type);  // null check
 509         // fill in fields:
 510         this.clazz = defClass;
 511         this.name = name;
 512         this.type = type;
 513         this.flags = flags;
 514         assert(anyFlagSet(ALL_KINDS) && this.resolution == null);  // nobody should have touched this yet
 515         //assert(referenceKindIsConsistent());  // do this after resolution
 516     }
 517 
 518     /**
 519      * Calls down to the VM to fill in the fields.  This method is
 520      * synchronized to avoid racing calls.
 521      */
 522     private void expandFromVM() {
 523         if (type != null) {
 524             return;
 525         }
 526         if (!isResolved()) {
 527             return;
 528         }
 529         MethodHandleNatives.expand(this);
 530     }
 531 
 532     // Capturing information from the Core Reflection API:
 533     private static int flagsMods(int flags, int mods, byte refKind) {
 534         assert((flags & RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS) == 0
 535                 && (mods & ~RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS) == 0
 536                 && (refKind & ~MN_REFERENCE_KIND_MASK) == 0);
 537         return flags | mods | (refKind << MN_REFERENCE_KIND_SHIFT);
 538     }
 539     /** Create a name for the given reflected method.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state. */
 540     public MemberName(Method m) {
 541         this(m, false);
 542     }
 543     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 544     public MemberName(Method m, boolean wantSpecial) {
 545         Objects.requireNonNull(m);
 546         // fill in vmtarget, vmindex while we have m in hand:
 547         MethodHandleNatives.init(this, m);
 548         if (clazz == null) {  // MHN.init failed
 549             if (m.getDeclaringClass() == MethodHandle.class &&
 550                 isMethodHandleInvokeName(m.getName())) {
 551                 // The JVM did not reify this signature-polymorphic instance.
 552                 // Need a special case here.
 553                 // See comments on MethodHandleNatives.linkMethod.
 554                 MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(m.getReturnType(), m.getParameterTypes());
 555                 int flags = flagsMods(IS_METHOD, m.getModifiers(), REF_invokeVirtual);
 556                 init(MethodHandle.class, m.getName(), type, flags);
 557                 if (isMethodHandleInvoke())
 558                     return;
 559             }
 560             if (m.getDeclaringClass() == VarHandle.class &&
 561                 isVarHandleMethodInvokeName(m.getName())) {
 562                 // The JVM did not reify this signature-polymorphic instance.
 563                 // Need a special case here.
 564                 // See comments on MethodHandleNatives.linkMethod.
 565                 MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(m.getReturnType(), m.getParameterTypes());
 566                 int flags = flagsMods(IS_METHOD, m.getModifiers(), REF_invokeVirtual);
 567                 init(VarHandle.class, m.getName(), type, flags);
 568                 if (isVarHandleMethodInvoke())
 569                     return;
 570             }
 571             throw new LinkageError(m.toString());
 572         }
 573         assert(isResolved());
 574         this.name = m.getName();
 575         if (this.type == null)
 576             this.type = new Object[] { m.getReturnType(), m.getParameterTypes() };
 577         if (wantSpecial) {
 578             if (isAbstract())
 579                 throw new AbstractMethodError(this.toString());
 580             if (getReferenceKind() == REF_invokeVirtual)
 581                 changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeVirtual);
 582             else if (getReferenceKind() == REF_invokeInterface)
 583                 // invokeSpecial on a default method
 584                 changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeInterface);
 585         }
 586     }
 587     public MemberName asSpecial() {
 588         switch (getReferenceKind()) {
 589         case REF_invokeSpecial:     return this;
 590         case REF_invokeVirtual:     return clone().changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeVirtual);
 591         case REF_invokeInterface:   return clone().changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeInterface);
 592         case REF_newInvokeSpecial:  return clone().changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_newInvokeSpecial);
 593         }
 594         throw new IllegalArgumentException(this.toString());
 595     }
 596     /** If this MN is not REF_newInvokeSpecial, return a clone with that ref. kind.
 597      *  In that case it must already be REF_invokeSpecial.
 598      */
 599     public MemberName asConstructor() {
 600         switch (getReferenceKind()) {
 601         case REF_invokeSpecial:     return clone().changeReferenceKind(REF_newInvokeSpecial, REF_invokeSpecial);
 602         case REF_newInvokeSpecial:  return this;
 603         }
 604         throw new IllegalArgumentException(this.toString());
 605     }
 606     /** If this MN is a REF_invokeSpecial, return a clone with the "normal" kind
 607      *  REF_invokeVirtual; also switch either to REF_invokeInterface if clazz.isInterface.
 608      *  The end result is to get a fully virtualized version of the MN.
 609      *  (Note that resolving in the JVM will sometimes devirtualize, changing
 610      *  REF_invokeVirtual of a final to REF_invokeSpecial, and REF_invokeInterface
 611      *  in some corner cases to either of the previous two; this transform
 612      *  undoes that change under the assumption that it occurred.)
 613      */
 614     public MemberName asNormalOriginal() {
 615         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 616         byte newRefKind = switch (refKind) {
 617             case REF_invokeInterface,
 618                  REF_invokeVirtual,
 619                  REF_invokeSpecial -> clazz.isInterface() ? REF_invokeInterface : REF_invokeVirtual;
 620             default -> refKind;
 621         };
 622         if (newRefKind == refKind)
 623             return this;
 624         MemberName result = clone().changeReferenceKind(newRefKind, refKind);
 625         assert(this.referenceKindIsConsistentWith(result.getReferenceKind()));
 626         return result;
 627     }
 628     /** Create a name for the given reflected constructor.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state. */
 629     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 630     public MemberName(Constructor<?> ctor) {
 631         Objects.requireNonNull(ctor);
 632         // fill in vmtarget, vmindex while we have ctor in hand:
 633         MethodHandleNatives.init(this, ctor);
 634         assert(isResolved() && this.clazz != null);
 635         this.name = CONSTRUCTOR_NAME;
 636         if (this.type == null)
 637             this.type = new Object[] { void.class, ctor.getParameterTypes() };
 638     }
 639     /** Create a name for the given reflected field.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state.
 640      */
 641     public MemberName(Field fld) {
 642         this(fld, false);
 643     }
 644     static {
 645         // the following MemberName constructor relies on these ranges matching up
 646         assert((REF_putStatic - REF_getStatic) == (REF_putField - REF_getField));
 647     }
 648     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 649     public MemberName(Field fld, boolean makeSetter) {
 650         Objects.requireNonNull(fld);
 651         // fill in vmtarget, vmindex while we have fld in hand:
 652         MethodHandleNatives.init(this, fld);
 653         assert(isResolved() && this.clazz != null);
 654         this.name = fld.getName();
 655         this.type = fld.getType();
 656         byte refKind = this.getReferenceKind();
 657         assert(refKind == (isStatic() ? REF_getStatic : REF_getField));
 658         if (makeSetter) {
 659             changeReferenceKind((byte)(refKind + (REF_putStatic - REF_getStatic)), refKind);
 660         }
 661     }
 662     public boolean isGetter() {
 663         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsGetter(getReferenceKind());
 664     }
 665     public boolean isSetter() {
 666         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsSetter(getReferenceKind());
 667     }
 668 
 669     /** Create a name for the given class.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state. */
 670     public MemberName(Class<?> type) {
 671         init(type.getDeclaringClass(), type.getSimpleName(), type,
 672                 flagsMods(IS_TYPE, type.getModifiers(), REF_NONE));
 673         initResolved(true);
 674     }
 675 
 676     /**
 677      * Create a name for a signature-polymorphic invoker.
 678      * This is a placeholder for a signature-polymorphic instance
 679      * (of MH.invokeExact, etc.) that the JVM does not reify.
 680      * See comments on {@link MethodHandleNatives#linkMethod}.
 681      */
 682     static MemberName makeMethodHandleInvoke(String name, MethodType type) {
 683         return makeMethodHandleInvoke(name, type, MH_INVOKE_MODS | SYNTHETIC);
 684     }
 685     static MemberName makeMethodHandleInvoke(String name, MethodType type, int mods) {
 686         MemberName mem = new MemberName(MethodHandle.class, name, type, REF_invokeVirtual);
 687         mem.flags |= mods;  // it's not resolved, but add these modifiers anyway
 688         assert(mem.isMethodHandleInvoke()) : mem;
 689         return mem;
 690     }
 691 
 692     static MemberName makeVarHandleMethodInvoke(String name, MethodType type) {
 693         return makeVarHandleMethodInvoke(name, type, MH_INVOKE_MODS | SYNTHETIC);
 694     }
 695     static MemberName makeVarHandleMethodInvoke(String name, MethodType type, int mods) {
 696         MemberName mem = new MemberName(VarHandle.class, name, type, REF_invokeVirtual);
 697         mem.flags |= mods;  // it's not resolved, but add these modifiers anyway
 698         assert(mem.isVarHandleMethodInvoke()) : mem;
 699         return mem;
 700     }
 701 
 702     // bare-bones constructor; the JVM will fill it in
 703     MemberName() { }
 704 
 705     // locally useful cloner
 706     @Override protected MemberName clone() {
 707         try {
 708             return (MemberName) super.clone();
 709         } catch (CloneNotSupportedException ex) {
 710             throw newInternalError(ex);
 711         }
 712      }
 713 
 714     /** Get the definition of this member name.
 715      *  This may be in a super-class of the declaring class of this member.
 716      */
 717     public MemberName getDefinition() {
 718         if (!isResolved())  throw new IllegalStateException("must be resolved: "+this);
 719         if (isType())  return this;
 720         MemberName res = this.clone();
 721         res.clazz = null;
 722         res.type = null;
 723         res.name = null;
 724         res.resolution = res;
 725         res.expandFromVM();
 726         assert(res.getName().equals(this.getName()));
 727         return res;
 728     }
 729 
 730     @Override
 731     @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 732     public int hashCode() {
 733         // Avoid autoboxing getReferenceKind(), since this is used early and will force
 734         // early initialization of Byte$ByteCache
 735         return Objects.hash(clazz, new Byte(getReferenceKind()), name, getType());
 736     }
 737 
 738     @Override
 739     public boolean equals(Object that) {
 740         return that instanceof MemberName mn && this.equals(mn);
 741     }
 742 
 743     /** Decide if two member names have exactly the same symbolic content.
 744      *  Does not take into account any actual class members, so even if
 745      *  two member names resolve to the same actual member, they may
 746      *  be distinct references.
 747      */
 748     public boolean equals(MemberName that) {
 749         if (this == that)  return true;
 750         if (that == null)  return false;
 751         return this.clazz == that.clazz
 752                 && this.getReferenceKind() == that.getReferenceKind()
 753                 && Objects.equals(this.name, that.name)
 754                 && Objects.equals(this.getType(), that.getType());
 755     }
 756 
 757     // Construction from symbolic parts, for queries:
 758     /** Create a field or type name from the given components:
 759      *  Declaring class, name, type, reference kind.
 760      *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
 761      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
 762      */
 763     public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, Class<?> type, byte refKind) {
 764         init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(IS_FIELD, 0, refKind));
 765         initResolved(false);
 766     }
 767     /** Create a method or constructor name from the given components:
 768      *  Declaring class, name, type, reference kind.
 769      *  It will be a constructor if and only if the name is {@code "<init>"}.
 770      *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
 771      *  The last argument is optional, a boolean which requests REF_invokeSpecial.
 772      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
 773      */
 774     public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, MethodType type, byte refKind) {
 775         int initFlags = CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.equals(name) ? IS_CONSTRUCTOR : IS_METHOD;
 776         init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(initFlags, 0, refKind));
 777         initResolved(false);
 778     }
 779     /** Create a method, constructor, or field name from the given components:
 780      *  Reference kind, declaring class, name, type.
 781      */
 782     public MemberName(byte refKind, Class<?> defClass, String name, Object type) {
 783         int kindFlags;
 784         if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
 785             kindFlags = IS_FIELD;
 786             if (!(type instanceof Class))
 787                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a field type");
 788         } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
 789             kindFlags = IS_METHOD;
 790             if (!(type instanceof MethodType))
 791                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a method type");
 792         } else if (refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial) {
 793             kindFlags = IS_CONSTRUCTOR;
 794             if (!(type instanceof MethodType) ||
 795                 !CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.equals(name))
 796                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a constructor type or name");
 797         } else {
 798             throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad reference kind "+refKind);
 799         }
 800         init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(kindFlags, 0, refKind));
 801         initResolved(false);
 802     }
 803 
 804     /** Query whether this member name is resolved.
 805      *  A resolved member name is one for which the JVM has found
 806      *  a method, constructor, field, or type binding corresponding exactly to the name.
 807      *  (Document?)
 808      */
 809     public boolean isResolved() {
 810         return resolution == null;
 811     }
 812 
 813     void initResolved(boolean isResolved) {
 814         assert(this.resolution == null);  // not initialized yet!
 815         if (!isResolved)
 816             this.resolution = this;
 817         assert(isResolved() == isResolved);
 818     }
 819 
 820     void ensureTypeVisible(Class<?> refc) {
 821         if (isInvocable()) {
 822             MethodType type;
 823             if (this.type instanceof MethodType mt)
 824                 type = mt;
 825             else
 826                 this.type = type = getMethodType();
 827             if (type.erase() == type)  return;
 828             if (VerifyAccess.ensureTypeVisible(type, refc))  return;
 829             throw new LinkageError("bad method type alias: "+type+" not visible from "+refc);
 830         } else {
 831             Class<?> type;
 832             if (this.type instanceof Class<?> cl)
 833                 type = cl;
 834             else
 835                 this.type = type = getFieldType();
 836             if (VerifyAccess.ensureTypeVisible(type, refc))  return;
 837             throw new LinkageError("bad field type alias: "+type+" not visible from "+refc);
 838         }
 839     }
 840 
 841 
 842     /** Produce a string form of this member name.
 843      *  For types, it is simply the type's own string (as reported by {@code toString}).
 844      *  For fields, it is {@code "DeclaringClass.name/type"}.
 845      *  For methods and constructors, it is {@code "DeclaringClass.name(ptype...)rtype"}.
 846      *  If the declaring class is null, the prefix {@code "DeclaringClass."} is omitted.
 847      *  If the member is unresolved, a prefix {@code "*."} is prepended.
 848      */
 849     @SuppressWarnings("LocalVariableHidesMemberVariable")
 850     @Override
 851     public String toString() {
 852         if (isType())
 853             return type.toString();  // class java.lang.String
 854         // else it is a field, method, or constructor
 855         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
 856         if (getDeclaringClass() != null) {
 857             buf.append(getName(clazz));
 858             buf.append('.');
 859         }
 860         String name = this.name; // avoid expanding from VM
 861         buf.append(name == null ? "*" : name);
 862         Object type = this.type; // avoid expanding from VM
 863         if (!isInvocable()) {
 864             buf.append('/');
 865             buf.append(type == null ? "*" : getName(type));
 866         } else {
 867             buf.append(type == null ? "(*)*" : getName(type));
 868         }
 869         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 870         if (refKind != REF_NONE) {
 871             buf.append('/');
 872             buf.append(MethodHandleNatives.refKindName(refKind));
 873         }
 874         //buf.append("#").append(System.identityHashCode(this));
 875         return buf.toString();
 876     }
 877     private static String getName(Object obj) {
 878         if (obj instanceof Class<?> cl)
 879             return cl.getName();
 880         return String.valueOf(obj);
 881     }
 882 
 883     public IllegalAccessException makeAccessException(String message, Object from) {
 884         message = message + ": " + this;
 885         if (from != null)  {
 886             if (from == MethodHandles.publicLookup()) {
 887                 message += ", from public Lookup";
 888             } else {
 889                 Module m;
 890                 Class<?> plc;
 891                 if (from instanceof MethodHandles.Lookup lookup) {
 892                     from = lookup.lookupClass();
 893                     m = lookup.lookupClass().getModule();
 894                     plc = lookup.previousLookupClass();
 895                 } else {
 896                     m = ((Class<?>)from).getModule();
 897                     plc = null;
 898                 }
 899                 message += ", from " + from + " (" + m + ")";
 900                 if (plc != null) {
 901                     message += ", previous lookup " +
 902                         plc.getName() + " (" + plc.getModule() + ")";
 903                 }
 904             }
 905         }
 906         return new IllegalAccessException(message);
 907     }
 908     private String message() {
 909         if (isResolved())
 910             return "no access";
 911         else if (isConstructor())
 912             return "no such constructor";
 913         else if (isMethod())
 914             return "no such method";
 915         else
 916             return "no such field";
 917     }
 918     public ReflectiveOperationException makeAccessException() {
 919         String message = message() + ": " + this;
 920         ReflectiveOperationException ex;
 921         if (isResolved() || !(resolution instanceof NoSuchMethodError ||
 922                               resolution instanceof NoSuchFieldError))
 923             ex = new IllegalAccessException(message);
 924         else if (isConstructor())
 925             ex = new NoSuchMethodException(message);
 926         else if (isMethod())
 927             ex = new NoSuchMethodException(message);
 928         else
 929             ex = new NoSuchFieldException(message);
 930         if (resolution instanceof Throwable res)
 931             ex.initCause(res);
 932         return ex;
 933     }
 934 
 935     /** Actually making a query requires an access check. */
 936     /*non-public*/
 937     static Factory getFactory() {
 938         return Factory.INSTANCE;
 939     }
 940     /** A factory type for resolving member names with the help of the VM.
 941      *  TBD: Define access-safe public constructors for this factory.
 942      */
 943     /*non-public*/
 944     static class Factory {
 945         private Factory() { } // singleton pattern
 946         static final Factory INSTANCE = new Factory();
 947 
 948         /** Produce a resolved version of the given member.
 949          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
 950          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
 951          *  If lookup fails or access is not permitted, null is returned.
 952          *  Otherwise a fresh copy of the given member is returned, with modifier bits filled in.
 953          */
 954         private MemberName resolve(byte refKind, MemberName ref, Class<?> lookupClass, int allowedModes,
 955                                    boolean speculativeResolve) {
 956             MemberName m = ref.clone();  // JVM will side-effect the ref
 957             assert(refKind == m.getReferenceKind());
 958             try {
 959                 // There are 4 entities in play here:
 960                 //   * LC: lookupClass
 961                 //   * REFC: symbolic reference class (MN.clazz before resolution);
 962                 //   * DEFC: resolved method holder (MN.clazz after resolution);
 963                 //   * PTYPES: parameter types (MN.type)
 964                 //
 965                 // What we care about when resolving a MemberName is consistency between DEFC and PTYPES.
 966                 // We do type alias (TA) checks on DEFC to ensure that. DEFC is not known until the JVM
 967                 // finishes the resolution, so do TA checks right after MHN.resolve() is over.
 968                 //
 969                 // All parameters passed by a caller are checked against MH type (PTYPES) on every invocation,
 970                 // so it is safe to call a MH from any context.
 971                 //
 972                 // REFC view on PTYPES doesn't matter, since it is used only as a starting point for resolution and doesn't
 973                 // participate in method selection.
 974                 m = MethodHandleNatives.resolve(m, lookupClass, allowedModes, speculativeResolve);
 975                 if (m == null && speculativeResolve) {
 976                     return null;
 977                 }
 978                 m.ensureTypeVisible(m.getDeclaringClass());
 979                 m.resolution = null;
 980             } catch (ClassNotFoundException | LinkageError ex) {
 981                 // JVM reports that the "bytecode behavior" would get an error
 982                 assert(!m.isResolved());
 983                 m.resolution = ex;
 984                 return m;
 985             }
 986             assert(m.referenceKindIsConsistent());
 987             m.initResolved(true);
 988             assert(m.vminfoIsConsistent());
 989             return m;
 990         }
 991         /** Produce a resolved version of the given member.
 992          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
 993          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
 994          *  If lookup fails or access is not permitted, a {@linkplain ReflectiveOperationException} is thrown.
 995          *  Otherwise a fresh copy of the given member is returned, with modifier bits filled in.
 996          */
 997         public <NoSuchMemberException extends ReflectiveOperationException>
 998                 MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, MemberName m,
 999                                          Class<?> lookupClass, int allowedModes,
1000                                          Class<NoSuchMemberException> nsmClass)
1001                 throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMemberException {
1002             assert lookupClass != null || allowedModes == LM_TRUSTED;
1003             MemberName result = resolve(refKind, m, lookupClass, allowedModes, false);
1004             if (result.isResolved())
1005                 return result;
1006             ReflectiveOperationException ex = result.makeAccessException();
1007             if (ex instanceof IllegalAccessException iae) throw iae;
1008             throw nsmClass.cast(ex);
1009         }
1010         /** Produce a resolved version of the given member.
1011          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1012          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1013          *  If lookup fails or access is not permitted, return null.
1014          *  Otherwise a fresh copy of the given member is returned, with modifier bits filled in.
1015          */
1016         public MemberName resolveOrNull(byte refKind, MemberName m, Class<?> lookupClass, int allowedModes) {
1017             assert lookupClass != null || allowedModes == LM_TRUSTED;
1018             MemberName result = resolve(refKind, m, lookupClass, allowedModes, true);
1019             if (result != null && result.isResolved())
1020                 return result;
1021             return null;
1022         }
1023     }
1024 }