1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2014, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
  8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 10  *
 11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 15  * accompanied this code).
 16  *
 17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 20  *
 21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 23  * questions.
 24  */
 25 
 26 package java.lang.invoke;
 27 
 28 import jdk.internal.misc.CDS;
 29 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
 30 
 31 import java.lang.foreign.MemoryLayout;
 32 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 33 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 34 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 35 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 36 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 37 import java.util.ArrayList;
 38 import java.util.List;
 39 import java.util.Objects;
 40 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 41 
 42 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.UNSAFE;
 43 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.VAR_HANDLE_SEGMENT_FORCE_EXACT;
 44 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.VAR_HANDLE_IDENTITY_ADAPT;
 45 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.newIllegalArgumentException;
 46 
 47 final class VarHandles {
 48 
 49     static VarHandle makeFieldHandle(MemberName f, Class<?> refc, boolean isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields) {
 50         if (!f.isStatic()) {
 51             long foffset = MethodHandleNatives.objectFieldOffset(f);
 52             Class<?> type = f.getFieldType();
 53             if (!type.isPrimitive()) {
 54                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 55                        ? new VarHandleReferences.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset, type)
 56                        : new VarHandleReferences.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset, type));
 57             }
 58             else if (type == boolean.class) {
 59                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 60                        ? new VarHandleBooleans.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 61                        : new VarHandleBooleans.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 62             }
 63             else if (type == byte.class) {
 64                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 65                        ? new VarHandleBytes.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 66                        : new VarHandleBytes.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 67             }
 68             else if (type == short.class) {
 69                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 70                        ? new VarHandleShorts.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 71                        : new VarHandleShorts.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 72             }
 73             else if (type == char.class) {
 74                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 75                        ? new VarHandleChars.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 76                        : new VarHandleChars.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 77             }
 78             else if (type == int.class) {
 79                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 80                        ? new VarHandleInts.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 81                        : new VarHandleInts.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 82             }
 83             else if (type == long.class) {
 84                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 85                        ? new VarHandleLongs.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 86                        : new VarHandleLongs.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 87             }
 88             else if (type == float.class) {
 89                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 90                        ? new VarHandleFloats.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 91                        : new VarHandleFloats.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 92             }
 93             else if (type == double.class) {
 94                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 95                        ? new VarHandleDoubles.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 96                        : new VarHandleDoubles.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 97             }
 98             else {
 99                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
100             }
101         }
102         else {
103             Class<?> decl = f.getDeclaringClass();
104             var vh = makeStaticFieldVarHandle(decl, f, isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields);
105             return maybeAdapt((UNSAFE.shouldBeInitialized(decl) || CDS.needsClassInitBarrier(decl))
106                     ? new LazyInitializingVarHandle(vh, decl)
107                     : vh);
108         }
109     }
110 
111     static VarHandle makeStaticFieldVarHandle(Class<?> decl, MemberName f, boolean isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields) {
112         Object base = MethodHandleNatives.staticFieldBase(f);
113         long foffset = MethodHandleNatives.staticFieldOffset(f);
114         Class<?> type = f.getFieldType();
115         if (!type.isPrimitive()) {
116             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
117                     ? new VarHandleReferences.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset, type)
118                     : new VarHandleReferences.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset, type));
119         }
120         else if (type == boolean.class) {
121             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
122                     ? new VarHandleBooleans.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
123                     : new VarHandleBooleans.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
124         }
125         else if (type == byte.class) {
126             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
127                     ? new VarHandleBytes.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
128                     : new VarHandleBytes.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
129         }
130         else if (type == short.class) {
131             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
132                     ? new VarHandleShorts.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
133                     : new VarHandleShorts.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
134         }
135         else if (type == char.class) {
136             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
137                     ? new VarHandleChars.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
138                     : new VarHandleChars.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
139         }
140         else if (type == int.class) {
141             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
142                     ? new VarHandleInts.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
143                     : new VarHandleInts.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
144         }
145         else if (type == long.class) {
146             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
147                     ? new VarHandleLongs.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
148                     : new VarHandleLongs.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
149         }
150         else if (type == float.class) {
151             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
152                     ? new VarHandleFloats.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
153                     : new VarHandleFloats.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
154         }
155         else if (type == double.class) {
156             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
157                     ? new VarHandleDoubles.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
158                     : new VarHandleDoubles.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
159         }
160         else {
161             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
162         }
163     }
164 
165     // Required by instance field handles
166     static Field getFieldFromReceiverAndOffset(Class<?> receiverType,
167                                                long offset,
168                                                Class<?> fieldType) {
169         // The receiver may be a referenced class different from the declaring class
170         for (var declaringClass = receiverType; declaringClass != null; declaringClass = declaringClass.getSuperclass()) {
171             for (Field f : declaringClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
172                 if (Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) continue;
173 
174                 if (offset == UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(f)) {
175                     assert f.getType() == fieldType;
176                     return f;
177                 }
178             }
179         }
180         throw new InternalError("Field not found at offset");
181     }
182 
183     // Required by instance static field handles
184     static Field getStaticFieldFromBaseAndOffset(Class<?> declaringClass,
185                                                  long offset,
186                                                  Class<?> fieldType) {
187         for (Field f : declaringClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
188             if (!Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) continue;
189 
190             if (offset == UNSAFE.staticFieldOffset(f)) {
191                 assert f.getType() == fieldType;
192                 return f;
193             }
194         }
195         throw new InternalError("Static field not found at offset");
196     }
197 
198     static VarHandle makeArrayElementHandle(Class<?> arrayClass) {
199         if (!arrayClass.isArray())
200             throw new IllegalArgumentException("not an array: " + arrayClass);
201 
202         Class<?> componentType = arrayClass.getComponentType();
203 
204         int aoffset = (int) UNSAFE.arrayBaseOffset(arrayClass);
205         int ascale = UNSAFE.arrayIndexScale(arrayClass);
206         int ashift = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(ascale);
207 
208         if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
209             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleReferences.Array(aoffset, ashift, arrayClass));
210         }
211         else if (componentType == boolean.class) {
212             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleBooleans.Array(aoffset, ashift));
213         }
214         else if (componentType == byte.class) {
215             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleBytes.Array(aoffset, ashift));
216         }
217         else if (componentType == short.class) {
218             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleShorts.Array(aoffset, ashift));
219         }
220         else if (componentType == char.class) {
221             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleChars.Array(aoffset, ashift));
222         }
223         else if (componentType == int.class) {
224             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleInts.Array(aoffset, ashift));
225         }
226         else if (componentType == long.class) {
227             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleLongs.Array(aoffset, ashift));
228         }
229         else if (componentType == float.class) {
230             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleFloats.Array(aoffset, ashift));
231         }
232         else if (componentType == double.class) {
233             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleDoubles.Array(aoffset, ashift));
234         }
235         else {
236             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
237         }
238     }
239 
240     static VarHandle byteArrayViewHandle(Class<?> viewArrayClass,
241                                          boolean be) {
242         if (!viewArrayClass.isArray())
243             throw new IllegalArgumentException("not an array: " + viewArrayClass);
244 
245         Class<?> viewComponentType = viewArrayClass.getComponentType();
246 
247         if (viewComponentType == long.class) {
248             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsLongs.ArrayHandle(be));
249         }
250         else if (viewComponentType == int.class) {
251             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsInts.ArrayHandle(be));
252         }
253         else if (viewComponentType == short.class) {
254             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsShorts.ArrayHandle(be));
255         }
256         else if (viewComponentType == char.class) {
257             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsChars.ArrayHandle(be));
258         }
259         else if (viewComponentType == double.class) {
260             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsDoubles.ArrayHandle(be));
261         }
262         else if (viewComponentType == float.class) {
263             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsFloats.ArrayHandle(be));
264         }
265 
266         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
267     }
268 
269     static VarHandle makeByteBufferViewHandle(Class<?> viewArrayClass,
270                                               boolean be) {
271         if (!viewArrayClass.isArray())
272             throw new IllegalArgumentException("not an array: " + viewArrayClass);
273 
274         Class<?> viewComponentType = viewArrayClass.getComponentType();
275 
276         if (viewComponentType == long.class) {
277             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsLongs.ByteBufferHandle(be));
278         }
279         else if (viewComponentType == int.class) {
280             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsInts.ByteBufferHandle(be));
281         }
282         else if (viewComponentType == short.class) {
283             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsShorts.ByteBufferHandle(be));
284         }
285         else if (viewComponentType == char.class) {
286             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsChars.ByteBufferHandle(be));
287         }
288         else if (viewComponentType == double.class) {
289             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsDoubles.ByteBufferHandle(be));
290         }
291         else if (viewComponentType == float.class) {
292             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsFloats.ByteBufferHandle(be));
293         }
294 
295         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
296     }
297 
298     /**
299      * Creates a memory segment view var handle accessing a {@code carrier} element. It has access coordinates
300      * {@code (MS, long)} if {@code constantOffset}, {@code (MS, long, (validated) long)} otherwise.
301      * <p>
302      * The resulting var handle will take a memory segment as first argument (the segment to be dereferenced),
303      * and a {@code long} as second argument (the offset into the segment). Both arguments are checked.
304      * <p>
305      * If {@code constantOffset == false}, the resulting var handle will take a third pre-validated additional
306      * offset instead of the given fixed {@code offset}, and caller must ensure that passed additional offset,
307      * either to the handle (such as computing through method handles) or as fixed {@code offset} here, is valid.
308      *
309      * @param carrier the Java carrier type of the element
310      * @param enclosing the enclosing layout to perform bound and alignment checks against
311      * @param alignmentMask alignment of this accessed element in the enclosing layout
312      * @param constantOffset if access path has a constant offset value, i.e. it has no strides
313      * @param offset the offset value, if the offset is constant
314      * @param byteOrder the byte order
315      * @return the created var handle
316      */
317     static VarHandle memorySegmentViewHandle(Class<?> carrier, MemoryLayout enclosing, long alignmentMask,
318                                              boolean constantOffset, long offset, ByteOrder byteOrder) {
319         if (!carrier.isPrimitive() || carrier == void.class) {
320             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid carrier: " + carrier.getName());
321         }
322         boolean be = byteOrder == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN;
323         boolean exact = VAR_HANDLE_SEGMENT_FORCE_EXACT;
324 
325         // All carrier types must persist across MethodType erasure
326         VarForm form;
327         if (carrier == byte.class) {
328             form = VarHandleSegmentAsBytes.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
329         } else if (carrier == char.class) {
330             form = VarHandleSegmentAsChars.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
331         } else if (carrier == short.class) {
332             form = VarHandleSegmentAsShorts.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
333         } else if (carrier == int.class) {
334             form = VarHandleSegmentAsInts.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
335         } else if (carrier == float.class) {
336             form = VarHandleSegmentAsFloats.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
337         } else if (carrier == long.class) {
338             form = VarHandleSegmentAsLongs.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
339         } else if (carrier == double.class) {
340             form = VarHandleSegmentAsDoubles.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
341         } else if (carrier == boolean.class) {
342             form = VarHandleSegmentAsBooleans.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
343         } else {
344             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot get here");
345         }
346 
347         return maybeAdapt(new SegmentVarHandle(form, be, enclosing, offset, exact));
348     }
349 
350     private static VarHandle maybeAdapt(VarHandle target) {
351         if (!VAR_HANDLE_IDENTITY_ADAPT) return target;
352         target = filterValue(target,
353                         MethodHandles.identity(target.varType()), MethodHandles.identity(target.varType()));
354         MethodType mtype = target.accessModeType(VarHandle.AccessMode.GET);
355         for (int i = 0 ; i < mtype.parameterCount() ; i++) {
356             target = filterCoordinates(target, i, MethodHandles.identity(mtype.parameterType(i)));
357         }
358         return target;
359     }
360 
361     public static VarHandle filterValue(VarHandle target, MethodHandle pFilterToTarget, MethodHandle pFilterFromTarget) {
362         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
363         Objects.requireNonNull(pFilterToTarget);
364         Objects.requireNonNull(pFilterFromTarget);
365         //check that from/to filters do not throw checked exceptions
366         MethodHandle filterToTarget = adaptForCheckedExceptions(pFilterToTarget);
367         MethodHandle filterFromTarget = adaptForCheckedExceptions(pFilterFromTarget);
368 
369         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>();
370         List<Class<?>> additionalCoordinates = new ArrayList<>();
371         newCoordinates.addAll(target.coordinateTypes());
372 
373         //check that from/to filters have right signatures
374         if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() != filterToTarget.type().parameterCount()) {
375             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget and filterToTarget have different arity", filterFromTarget.type(), filterToTarget.type());
376         } else if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() < 1) {
377             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget filter type has wrong arity", filterFromTarget.type());
378         } else if (filterToTarget.type().parameterCount() < 1) {
379             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterToTarget filter type has wrong arity", filterFromTarget.type());
380         } else if (filterFromTarget.type().lastParameterType() != filterToTarget.type().returnType() ||
381                 filterToTarget.type().lastParameterType() != filterFromTarget.type().returnType()) {
382             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget and filterToTarget filter types do not match", filterFromTarget.type(), filterToTarget.type());
383         } else if (target.varType() != filterFromTarget.type().lastParameterType()) {
384             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget filter type does not match target var handle type", filterFromTarget.type(), target.varType());
385         } else if (target.varType() != filterToTarget.type().returnType()) {
386             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget filter type does not match target var handle type", filterToTarget.type(), target.varType());
387         } else if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() > 1) {
388             for (int i = 0 ; i < filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() - 1 ; i++) {
389                 if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterType(i) != filterToTarget.type().parameterType(i)) {
390                     throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget and filterToTarget filter types do not match", filterFromTarget.type(), filterToTarget.type());
391                 } else {
392                     newCoordinates.add(filterFromTarget.type().parameterType(i));
393                     additionalCoordinates.add((filterFromTarget.type().parameterType(i)));
394                 }
395             }
396         }
397 
398         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, filterFromTarget.type().returnType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
399                 (mode, modeHandle) -> {
400                     int lastParameterPos = modeHandle.type().parameterCount() - 1;
401                     return switch (mode.at) {
402                         case GET -> MethodHandles.collectReturnValue(modeHandle, filterFromTarget);
403                         case SET -> MethodHandles.collectArguments(modeHandle, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
404                         case GET_AND_UPDATE -> {
405                             MethodHandle adapter = MethodHandles.collectReturnValue(modeHandle, filterFromTarget);
406                             MethodHandle res = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
407                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
408                                 res = joinDuplicateArgs(res, lastParameterPos,
409                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size() + 1,
410                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
411                             }
412                             yield res;
413                         }
414                         case COMPARE_AND_EXCHANGE -> {
415                             MethodHandle adapter = MethodHandles.collectReturnValue(modeHandle, filterFromTarget);
416                             adapter = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
417                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
418                                 adapter = joinDuplicateArgs(adapter, lastParameterPos,
419                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size() + 1,
420                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
421                             }
422                             MethodHandle res = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos - 1, filterToTarget);
423                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
424                                 res = joinDuplicateArgs(res, lastParameterPos - 1,
425                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size(),
426                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
427                             }
428                             yield res;
429                         }
430                         case COMPARE_AND_SET -> {
431                             MethodHandle adapter = MethodHandles.collectArguments(modeHandle, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
432                             MethodHandle res = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos - 1, filterToTarget);
433                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
434                                 res = joinDuplicateArgs(res, lastParameterPos - 1,
435                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size(),
436                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
437                             }
438                             yield res;
439                         }
440                     };
441                 });
442     }
443 
444     private static MethodHandle joinDuplicateArgs(MethodHandle handle, int originalStart, int dropStart, int length) {
445         int[] perms = new int[handle.type().parameterCount()];
446         for (int i = 0 ; i < dropStart; i++) {
447             perms[i] = i;
448         }
449         for (int i = 0 ; i < length ; i++) {
450             perms[dropStart + i] = originalStart + i;
451         }
452         for (int i = dropStart + length ; i < perms.length ; i++) {
453             perms[i] = i - length;
454         }
455         return MethodHandles.permuteArguments(handle,
456                 handle.type().dropParameterTypes(dropStart, dropStart + length),
457                 perms);
458     }
459 
460     public static VarHandle filterCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle... filters) {
461         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
462         Objects.requireNonNull(filters);
463 
464         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
465         if (pos < 0 || pos >= targetCoordinates.size()) {
466             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
467         } else if (pos + filters.length > targetCoordinates.size()) {
468             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many filters");
469         }
470 
471         if (filters.length == 0) return target;
472 
473         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
474         for (int i = 0 ; i < filters.length ; i++) {
475             MethodHandle filter = Objects.requireNonNull(filters[i]);
476             filter = adaptForCheckedExceptions(filter);
477             MethodType filterType = filter.type();
478             if (filterType.parameterCount() != 1) {
479                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter type " + filterType);
480             } else if (newCoordinates.get(pos + i) != filterType.returnType()) {
481                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter type " + filterType + " for coordinate type " + newCoordinates.get(i));
482             }
483             newCoordinates.set(pos + i, filters[i].type().parameterType(0));
484         }
485 
486         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
487                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.filterArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, filters));
488     }
489 
490     public static VarHandle insertCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, Object... values) {
491         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
492         Objects.requireNonNull(values);
493 
494         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
495         if (pos < 0 || pos >= targetCoordinates.size()) {
496             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
497         } else if (pos + values.length > targetCoordinates.size()) {
498             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many values");
499         }
500 
501         if (values.length == 0) return target;
502 
503         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
504         for (int i = 0 ; i < values.length ; i++) {
505             Class<?> pt = newCoordinates.get(pos);
506             if (pt.isPrimitive()) {
507                 Wrapper w = Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(pt);
508                 w.convert(values[i], pt);
509             } else {
510                 pt.cast(values[i]);
511             }
512             newCoordinates.remove(pos);
513         }
514 
515         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
516                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.insertArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, values));
517     }
518 
519     public static VarHandle permuteCoordinates(VarHandle target, List<Class<?>> newCoordinates, int... reorder) {
520         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
521         Objects.requireNonNull(newCoordinates);
522         Objects.requireNonNull(reorder);
523 
524         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
525         MethodHandles.permuteArgumentChecks(reorder,
526                 MethodType.methodType(void.class, newCoordinates),
527                 MethodType.methodType(void.class, targetCoordinates));
528 
529         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
530                 (mode, modeHandle) ->
531                         MethodHandles.permuteArguments(modeHandle,
532                                 methodTypeFor(mode.at, modeHandle.type(), targetCoordinates, newCoordinates),
533                                 reorderArrayFor(mode.at, newCoordinates, reorder)));
534     }
535 
536     private static int numTrailingArgs(VarHandle.AccessType at) {
537         return switch (at) {
538             case GET -> 0;
539             case GET_AND_UPDATE, SET -> 1;
540             case COMPARE_AND_SET, COMPARE_AND_EXCHANGE -> 2;
541         };
542     }
543 
544     private static int[] reorderArrayFor(VarHandle.AccessType at, List<Class<?>> newCoordinates, int[] reorder) {
545         int numTrailingArgs = numTrailingArgs(at);
546         int[] adjustedReorder = new int[reorder.length + 1 + numTrailingArgs];
547         adjustedReorder[0] = 0;
548         for (int i = 0 ; i < reorder.length ; i++) {
549             adjustedReorder[i + 1] = reorder[i] + 1;
550         }
551         for (int i = 0 ; i < numTrailingArgs ; i++) {
552             adjustedReorder[i + reorder.length + 1] = i + newCoordinates.size() + 1;
553         }
554         return adjustedReorder;
555     }
556 
557     private static MethodType methodTypeFor(VarHandle.AccessType at, MethodType oldType, List<Class<?>> oldCoordinates, List<Class<?>> newCoordinates) {
558         int numTrailingArgs = numTrailingArgs(at);
559         MethodType adjustedType = MethodType.methodType(oldType.returnType(), oldType.parameterType(0));
560         adjustedType = adjustedType.appendParameterTypes(newCoordinates);
561         for (int i = 0 ; i < numTrailingArgs ; i++) {
562             adjustedType = adjustedType.appendParameterTypes(oldType.parameterType(1 + oldCoordinates.size() + i));
563         }
564         return adjustedType;
565     }
566 
567     public static VarHandle collectCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle pFilter) {
568         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
569         Objects.requireNonNull(pFilter);
570         MethodHandle filter = adaptForCheckedExceptions(pFilter);
571 
572         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
573         if (pos < 0 || pos >= targetCoordinates.size()) {
574             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
575         } else if (filter.type().returnType() != void.class && filter.type().returnType() != targetCoordinates.get(pos)) {
576             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter type " + filter.type() + " for coordinate type " + targetCoordinates.get(pos));
577         }
578 
579         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
580         if (filter.type().returnType() != void.class) {
581             newCoordinates.remove(pos);
582         }
583         newCoordinates.addAll(pos, filter.type().parameterList());
584 
585         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
586                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.collectArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, filter));
587     }
588 
589     public static VarHandle dropCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, Class<?>... valueTypes) {
590         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
591         Objects.requireNonNull(valueTypes);
592 
593         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
594         if (pos < 0 || pos > targetCoordinates.size()) {
595             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
596         }
597 
598         if (valueTypes.length == 0) return target;
599 
600         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
601         newCoordinates.addAll(pos, List.of(valueTypes));
602 
603         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
604                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.dropArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, valueTypes));
605     }
606 
607     private static MethodHandle adaptForCheckedExceptions(MethodHandle target) {
608         Class<?>[] exceptionTypes = exceptionTypes(target);
609         if (exceptionTypes != null) { // exceptions known
610             if (Stream.of(exceptionTypes).anyMatch(VarHandles::isCheckedException)) {
611                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("Cannot adapt a var handle with a method handle which throws checked exceptions");
612             }
613             return target; // no adaptation needed
614         } else {
615             MethodHandle handler = MethodHandleImpl.getConstantHandle(MethodHandleImpl.MH_VarHandles_handleCheckedExceptions);
616             MethodHandle zero = MethodHandles.zero(target.type().returnType()); // dead branch
617             handler = MethodHandles.collectArguments(zero, 0, handler);
618             return MethodHandles.catchException(target, Throwable.class, handler);
619         }
620     }
621 
622     static void handleCheckedExceptions(Throwable throwable) throws Throwable {
623         if (isCheckedException(throwable.getClass())) {
624             throw new IllegalStateException("Adapter handle threw checked exception", throwable);
625         }
626         throw throwable;
627     }
628 
629     static Class<?>[] exceptionTypes(MethodHandle handle) {
630         if (handle instanceof DirectMethodHandle directHandle) {
631             byte refKind = directHandle.member.getReferenceKind();
632             MethodHandleInfo info = new InfoFromMemberName(
633                     MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP,
634                     directHandle.member,
635                     refKind);
636             if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
637                 return info.reflectAs(Method.class, MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP)
638                         .getExceptionTypes();
639             } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
640                 return new Class<?>[0];
641             } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsConstructor(refKind)) {
642                 return info.reflectAs(Constructor.class, MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP)
643                         .getExceptionTypes();
644             } else {
645                 throw new AssertionError("Cannot get here");
646             }
647         } else if (handle instanceof DelegatingMethodHandle delegatingMh) {
648             return exceptionTypes(delegatingMh.getTarget());
649         } else if (handle instanceof NativeMethodHandle) {
650             return new Class<?>[0];
651         }
652 
653         assert handle instanceof BoundMethodHandle : "Unexpected handle type: " + handle;
654         // unknown
655         return null;
656     }
657 
658     private static boolean isCheckedException(Class<?> clazz) {
659         return Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) &&
660                 !RuntimeException.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) &&
661                 !Error.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
662     }
663 }