1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2014, 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
  8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 10  *
 11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 15  * accompanied this code).
 16  *
 17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 20  *
 21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 23  * questions.
 24  */
 25 
 26 package java.lang.invoke;
 27 
 28 import jdk.internal.misc.CDS;
 29 import jdk.internal.value.ValueClass;
 30 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.LooselyConsistentValue;
 31 import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
 32 
 33 import java.lang.foreign.MemoryLayout;
 34 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 35 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 36 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 37 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 38 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
 39 import java.util.ArrayList;
 40 import java.util.List;
 41 import java.util.Objects;
 42 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 43 
 44 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.UNSAFE;
 45 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.VAR_HANDLE_SEGMENT_FORCE_EXACT;
 46 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.VAR_HANDLE_IDENTITY_ADAPT;
 47 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.newIllegalArgumentException;
 48 
 49 final class VarHandles {
 50 
 51     static VarHandle makeFieldHandle(MemberName f, Class<?> refc, boolean isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields) {
 52         if (!f.isStatic()) {
 53             long foffset = MethodHandleNatives.objectFieldOffset(f);
 54             Class<?> type = f.getFieldType();
 55             if (!type.isPrimitive()) {
 56                 if (ValueClass.isConcreteValueClass(type)) {
 57                     int layout = f.getLayout();
 58                     boolean isAtomic = isAtomicFlat(f);
 59                     boolean isFlat = f.isFlat();
 60                     if (isFlat) {
 61                         if (isAtomic) {
 62                             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 63                                     ? new VarHandleFlatValues.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted(), layout)
 64                                     : new VarHandleFlatValues.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted(), layout));
 65                         } else {
 66                             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 67                                     ? new VarHandleNonAtomicFlatValues.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted(), layout)
 68                                     : new VarHandleNonAtomicFlatValues.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted(), layout));
 69                         }
 70                     } else {
 71                         if (isAtomic) {
 72                             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 73                                     ? new VarHandleReferences.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted())
 74                                     : new VarHandleReferences.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted()));
 75                         } else {
 76                             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 77                                     ? new VarHandleNonAtomicReferences.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted())
 78                                     : new VarHandleNonAtomicReferences.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted()));
 79                         }
 80                     }
 81                 } else {
 82                     return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 83                        ? new VarHandleReferences.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted())
 84                        : new VarHandleReferences.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted()));
 85                 }
 86             }
 87             else if (type == boolean.class) {
 88                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 89                        ? new VarHandleBooleans.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 90                        : new VarHandleBooleans.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 91             }
 92             else if (type == byte.class) {
 93                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 94                        ? new VarHandleBytes.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
 95                        : new VarHandleBytes.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
 96             }
 97             else if (type == short.class) {
 98                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
 99                        ? new VarHandleShorts.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
100                        : new VarHandleShorts.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
101             }
102             else if (type == char.class) {
103                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
104                        ? new VarHandleChars.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
105                        : new VarHandleChars.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
106             }
107             else if (type == int.class) {
108                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
109                        ? new VarHandleInts.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
110                        : new VarHandleInts.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
111             }
112             else if (type == long.class) {
113                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
114                        ? new VarHandleLongs.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
115                        : new VarHandleLongs.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
116             }
117             else if (type == float.class) {
118                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
119                        ? new VarHandleFloats.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
120                        : new VarHandleFloats.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
121             }
122             else if (type == double.class) {
123                 return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
124                        ? new VarHandleDoubles.FieldInstanceReadOnly(refc, foffset)
125                        : new VarHandleDoubles.FieldInstanceReadWrite(refc, foffset));
126             }
127             else {
128                 throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
129             }
130         }
131         else {
132             Class<?> decl = f.getDeclaringClass();
133             var vh = makeStaticFieldVarHandle(decl, f, isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields);
134             return maybeAdapt((UNSAFE.shouldBeInitialized(decl) || CDS.needsClassInitBarrier(decl))
135                     ? new LazyInitializingVarHandle(vh, decl)
136                     : vh);
137         }
138     }
139 
140     static VarHandle makeStaticFieldVarHandle(Class<?> decl, MemberName f, boolean isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields) {
141         Object base = MethodHandleNatives.staticFieldBase(f);
142         long foffset = MethodHandleNatives.staticFieldOffset(f);
143         Class<?> type = f.getFieldType();
144         if (!type.isPrimitive()) {
145             assert !f.isFlat() : ("static field is flat in " + decl + "." + f.getName());
146             if (ValueClass.isConcreteValueClass(type)) {
147                 if (isAtomicFlat(f)) {
148                     return f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
149                             ? new VarHandleReferences.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted())
150                             : new VarHandleReferences.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted());
151                 } else {
152                     return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
153                             ? new VarHandleNonAtomicReferences.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted())
154                             : new VarHandleNonAtomicReferences.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted()));
155                 }
156             } else {
157                 return f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
158                         ? new VarHandleReferences.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted())
159                         : new VarHandleReferences.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset, type, f.isNullRestricted());
160             }
161         }
162         else if (type == boolean.class) {
163             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
164                     ? new VarHandleBooleans.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
165                     : new VarHandleBooleans.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
166         }
167         else if (type == byte.class) {
168             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
169                     ? new VarHandleBytes.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
170                     : new VarHandleBytes.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
171         }
172         else if (type == short.class) {
173             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
174                     ? new VarHandleShorts.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
175                     : new VarHandleShorts.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
176         }
177         else if (type == char.class) {
178             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
179                     ? new VarHandleChars.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
180                     : new VarHandleChars.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
181         }
182         else if (type == int.class) {
183             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
184                     ? new VarHandleInts.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
185                     : new VarHandleInts.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
186         }
187         else if (type == long.class) {
188             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
189                     ? new VarHandleLongs.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
190                     : new VarHandleLongs.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
191         }
192         else if (type == float.class) {
193             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
194                     ? new VarHandleFloats.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
195                     : new VarHandleFloats.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
196         }
197         else if (type == double.class) {
198             return maybeAdapt(f.isFinal() && !isWriteAllowedOnFinalFields
199                     ? new VarHandleDoubles.FieldStaticReadOnly(decl, base, foffset)
200                     : new VarHandleDoubles.FieldStaticReadWrite(decl, base, foffset));
201         }
202         else {
203             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
204         }
205     }
206 
207     static boolean isAtomicFlat(MemberName field) {
208         boolean hasAtomicAccess = (field.getModifiers() & Modifier.VOLATILE) != 0 ||
209                 !(field.isNullRestricted()) ||
210                 !field.getFieldType().isAnnotationPresent(LooselyConsistentValue.class);
211         return hasAtomicAccess && ValueClass.hasBinaryPayload(field.getFieldType());
212     }
213 
214     static boolean isAtomicFlat(Object[] array) {
215         Class<?> componentType = array.getClass().componentType();
216         boolean hasAtomicAccess = ValueClass.isAtomicArray(array) ||
217                 !ValueClass.isNullRestrictedArray(array) ||
218                 !componentType.isAnnotationPresent(LooselyConsistentValue.class);
219         return hasAtomicAccess && ValueClass.hasBinaryPayload(componentType);
220     }
221 
222     // Required by instance field handles
223     static Field getFieldFromReceiverAndOffset(Class<?> receiverType,
224                                                long offset,
225                                                Class<?> fieldType) {
226         // The receiver may be a referenced class different from the declaring class
227         for (var declaringClass = receiverType; declaringClass != null; declaringClass = declaringClass.getSuperclass()) {
228             for (Field f : declaringClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
229                 if (Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) continue;
230 
231                 if (offset == UNSAFE.objectFieldOffset(f)) {
232                     assert f.getType() == fieldType;
233                     return f;
234                 }
235             }
236         }
237         throw new InternalError("Field not found at offset");
238     }
239 
240     // Required by instance static field handles
241     static Field getStaticFieldFromBaseAndOffset(Class<?> declaringClass,
242                                                  long offset,
243                                                  Class<?> fieldType) {
244         for (Field f : declaringClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
245             if (!Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) continue;
246 
247             if (offset == UNSAFE.staticFieldOffset(f)) {
248                 assert f.getType() == fieldType;
249                 return f;
250             }
251         }
252         throw new InternalError("Static field not found at offset");
253     }
254 
255     // This is invoked by non-flat array var handle code when attempting to access a flat array
256     public static void checkAtomicFlatArray(Object[] array) {
257         if (!isAtomicFlat(array)) {
258             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempt to perform a non-plain access on a non-atomic array");
259         }
260     }
261 
262     static VarHandle makeArrayElementHandle(Class<?> arrayClass) {
263         if (!arrayClass.isArray())
264             throw new IllegalArgumentException("not an array: " + arrayClass);
265 
266         Class<?> componentType = arrayClass.getComponentType();
267         if (!componentType.isPrimitive()) {
268             // Here we always return a reference array element var handle. This is because
269             // the access semantics is determined at runtime, when an actual array object is passed
270             // to the var handle. The var handle implementation will switch to use flat access
271             // primitives if it sees a flat array.
272             return maybeAdapt(new ArrayVarHandle(arrayClass));
273         }
274         else if (componentType == boolean.class) {
275             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleBooleans.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
276         }
277         else if (componentType == byte.class) {
278             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleBytes.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
279         }
280         else if (componentType == short.class) {
281             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleShorts.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
282         }
283         else if (componentType == char.class) {
284             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleChars.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
285         }
286         else if (componentType == int.class) {
287             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleInts.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
288         }
289         else if (componentType == long.class) {
290             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleLongs.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
291         }
292         else if (componentType == float.class) {
293             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleFloats.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
294         }
295         else if (componentType == double.class) {
296             return maybeAdapt(VarHandleDoubles.Array.NON_EXACT_INSTANCE);
297         }
298         else {
299             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
300         }
301     }
302 
303     static VarHandle byteArrayViewHandle(Class<?> viewArrayClass,
304                                          boolean be) {
305         if (!viewArrayClass.isArray())
306             throw new IllegalArgumentException("not an array: " + viewArrayClass);
307 
308         Class<?> viewComponentType = viewArrayClass.getComponentType();
309 
310         if (viewComponentType == long.class) {
311             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsLongs.ArrayHandle(be));
312         }
313         else if (viewComponentType == int.class) {
314             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsInts.ArrayHandle(be));
315         }
316         else if (viewComponentType == short.class) {
317             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsShorts.ArrayHandle(be));
318         }
319         else if (viewComponentType == char.class) {
320             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsChars.ArrayHandle(be));
321         }
322         else if (viewComponentType == double.class) {
323             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsDoubles.ArrayHandle(be));
324         }
325         else if (viewComponentType == float.class) {
326             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsFloats.ArrayHandle(be));
327         }
328 
329         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
330     }
331 
332     static VarHandle makeByteBufferViewHandle(Class<?> viewArrayClass,
333                                               boolean be) {
334         if (!viewArrayClass.isArray())
335             throw new IllegalArgumentException("not an array: " + viewArrayClass);
336 
337         Class<?> viewComponentType = viewArrayClass.getComponentType();
338 
339         if (viewComponentType == long.class) {
340             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsLongs.ByteBufferHandle(be));
341         }
342         else if (viewComponentType == int.class) {
343             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsInts.ByteBufferHandle(be));
344         }
345         else if (viewComponentType == short.class) {
346             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsShorts.ByteBufferHandle(be));
347         }
348         else if (viewComponentType == char.class) {
349             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsChars.ByteBufferHandle(be));
350         }
351         else if (viewComponentType == double.class) {
352             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsDoubles.ByteBufferHandle(be));
353         }
354         else if (viewComponentType == float.class) {
355             return maybeAdapt(new VarHandleByteArrayAsFloats.ByteBufferHandle(be));
356         }
357 
358         throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
359     }
360 
361     /**
362      * Creates a memory segment view var handle accessing a {@code carrier} element. It has access coordinates
363      * {@code (MS, long)} if {@code constantOffset}, {@code (MS, long, (validated) long)} otherwise.
364      * <p>
365      * The resulting var handle will take a memory segment as first argument (the segment to be dereferenced),
366      * and a {@code long} as second argument (the offset into the segment). Both arguments are checked.
367      * <p>
368      * If {@code constantOffset == false}, the resulting var handle will take a third pre-validated additional
369      * offset instead of the given fixed {@code offset}, and caller must ensure that passed additional offset,
370      * either to the handle (such as computing through method handles) or as fixed {@code offset} here, is valid.
371      *
372      * @param carrier the Java carrier type of the element
373      * @param enclosing the enclosing layout to perform bound and alignment checks against
374      * @param alignmentMask alignment of this accessed element in the enclosing layout
375      * @param constantOffset if access path has a constant offset value, i.e. it has no strides
376      * @param offset the offset value, if the offset is constant
377      * @param byteOrder the byte order
378      * @return the created var handle
379      */
380     static VarHandle memorySegmentViewHandle(Class<?> carrier, MemoryLayout enclosing, long alignmentMask,
381                                              boolean constantOffset, long offset, ByteOrder byteOrder) {
382         if (!carrier.isPrimitive() || carrier == void.class) {
383             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid carrier: " + carrier.getName());
384         }
385         boolean be = byteOrder == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN;
386         boolean exact = VAR_HANDLE_SEGMENT_FORCE_EXACT;
387 
388         // All carrier types must persist across MethodType erasure
389         VarForm form;
390         if (carrier == byte.class) {
391             form = VarHandleSegmentAsBytes.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
392         } else if (carrier == char.class) {
393             form = VarHandleSegmentAsChars.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
394         } else if (carrier == short.class) {
395             form = VarHandleSegmentAsShorts.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
396         } else if (carrier == int.class) {
397             form = VarHandleSegmentAsInts.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
398         } else if (carrier == float.class) {
399             form = VarHandleSegmentAsFloats.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
400         } else if (carrier == long.class) {
401             form = VarHandleSegmentAsLongs.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
402         } else if (carrier == double.class) {
403             form = VarHandleSegmentAsDoubles.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
404         } else if (carrier == boolean.class) {
405             form = VarHandleSegmentAsBooleans.selectForm(alignmentMask, constantOffset);
406         } else {
407             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot get here");
408         }
409 
410         return maybeAdapt(new SegmentVarHandle(form, be, enclosing, offset, exact));
411     }
412 
413     private static VarHandle maybeAdapt(VarHandle target) {
414         if (!VAR_HANDLE_IDENTITY_ADAPT) return target;
415         target = filterValue(target,
416                         MethodHandles.identity(target.varType()), MethodHandles.identity(target.varType()));
417         MethodType mtype = target.accessModeType(VarHandle.AccessMode.GET);
418         for (int i = 0 ; i < mtype.parameterCount() ; i++) {
419             target = filterCoordinates(target, i, MethodHandles.identity(mtype.parameterType(i)));
420         }
421         return target;
422     }
423 
424     public static VarHandle filterValue(VarHandle target, MethodHandle pFilterToTarget, MethodHandle pFilterFromTarget) {
425         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
426         Objects.requireNonNull(pFilterToTarget);
427         Objects.requireNonNull(pFilterFromTarget);
428         //check that from/to filters do not throw checked exceptions
429         MethodHandle filterToTarget = adaptForCheckedExceptions(pFilterToTarget);
430         MethodHandle filterFromTarget = adaptForCheckedExceptions(pFilterFromTarget);
431 
432         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>();
433         List<Class<?>> additionalCoordinates = new ArrayList<>();
434         newCoordinates.addAll(target.coordinateTypes());
435 
436         //check that from/to filters have right signatures
437         if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() != filterToTarget.type().parameterCount()) {
438             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget and filterToTarget have different arity", filterFromTarget.type(), filterToTarget.type());
439         } else if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() < 1) {
440             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget filter type has wrong arity", filterFromTarget.type());
441         } else if (filterToTarget.type().parameterCount() < 1) {
442             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterToTarget filter type has wrong arity", filterFromTarget.type());
443         } else if (filterFromTarget.type().lastParameterType() != filterToTarget.type().returnType() ||
444                 filterToTarget.type().lastParameterType() != filterFromTarget.type().returnType()) {
445             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget and filterToTarget filter types do not match", filterFromTarget.type(), filterToTarget.type());
446         } else if (target.varType() != filterFromTarget.type().lastParameterType()) {
447             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget filter type does not match target var handle type", filterFromTarget.type(), target.varType());
448         } else if (target.varType() != filterToTarget.type().returnType()) {
449             throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget filter type does not match target var handle type", filterToTarget.type(), target.varType());
450         } else if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() > 1) {
451             for (int i = 0 ; i < filterFromTarget.type().parameterCount() - 1 ; i++) {
452                 if (filterFromTarget.type().parameterType(i) != filterToTarget.type().parameterType(i)) {
453                     throw newIllegalArgumentException("filterFromTarget and filterToTarget filter types do not match", filterFromTarget.type(), filterToTarget.type());
454                 } else {
455                     newCoordinates.add(filterFromTarget.type().parameterType(i));
456                     additionalCoordinates.add((filterFromTarget.type().parameterType(i)));
457                 }
458             }
459         }
460 
461         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, filterFromTarget.type().returnType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
462                 (mode, modeHandle) -> {
463                     int lastParameterPos = modeHandle.type().parameterCount() - 1;
464                     return switch (mode.at) {
465                         case GET -> MethodHandles.collectReturnValue(modeHandle, filterFromTarget);
466                         case SET -> MethodHandles.collectArguments(modeHandle, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
467                         case GET_AND_UPDATE -> {
468                             MethodHandle adapter = MethodHandles.collectReturnValue(modeHandle, filterFromTarget);
469                             MethodHandle res = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
470                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
471                                 res = joinDuplicateArgs(res, lastParameterPos,
472                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size() + 1,
473                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
474                             }
475                             yield res;
476                         }
477                         case COMPARE_AND_EXCHANGE -> {
478                             MethodHandle adapter = MethodHandles.collectReturnValue(modeHandle, filterFromTarget);
479                             adapter = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
480                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
481                                 adapter = joinDuplicateArgs(adapter, lastParameterPos,
482                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size() + 1,
483                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
484                             }
485                             MethodHandle res = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos - 1, filterToTarget);
486                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
487                                 res = joinDuplicateArgs(res, lastParameterPos - 1,
488                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size(),
489                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
490                             }
491                             yield res;
492                         }
493                         case COMPARE_AND_SET -> {
494                             MethodHandle adapter = MethodHandles.collectArguments(modeHandle, lastParameterPos, filterToTarget);
495                             MethodHandle res = MethodHandles.collectArguments(adapter, lastParameterPos - 1, filterToTarget);
496                             if (additionalCoordinates.size() > 0) {
497                                 res = joinDuplicateArgs(res, lastParameterPos - 1,
498                                         lastParameterPos + additionalCoordinates.size(),
499                                         additionalCoordinates.size());
500                             }
501                             yield res;
502                         }
503                     };
504                 });
505     }
506 
507     private static MethodHandle joinDuplicateArgs(MethodHandle handle, int originalStart, int dropStart, int length) {
508         int[] perms = new int[handle.type().parameterCount()];
509         for (int i = 0 ; i < dropStart; i++) {
510             perms[i] = i;
511         }
512         for (int i = 0 ; i < length ; i++) {
513             perms[dropStart + i] = originalStart + i;
514         }
515         for (int i = dropStart + length ; i < perms.length ; i++) {
516             perms[i] = i - length;
517         }
518         return MethodHandles.permuteArguments(handle,
519                 handle.type().dropParameterTypes(dropStart, dropStart + length),
520                 perms);
521     }
522 
523     public static VarHandle filterCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle... filters) {
524         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
525         Objects.requireNonNull(filters);
526 
527         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
528         if (pos < 0 || pos >= targetCoordinates.size()) {
529             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
530         } else if (pos + filters.length > targetCoordinates.size()) {
531             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many filters");
532         }
533 
534         if (filters.length == 0) return target;
535 
536         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
537         for (int i = 0 ; i < filters.length ; i++) {
538             MethodHandle filter = Objects.requireNonNull(filters[i]);
539             filter = adaptForCheckedExceptions(filter);
540             MethodType filterType = filter.type();
541             if (filterType.parameterCount() != 1) {
542                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter type " + filterType);
543             } else if (newCoordinates.get(pos + i) != filterType.returnType()) {
544                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter type " + filterType + " for coordinate type " + newCoordinates.get(i));
545             }
546             newCoordinates.set(pos + i, filters[i].type().parameterType(0));
547         }
548 
549         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
550                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.filterArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, filters));
551     }
552 
553     public static VarHandle insertCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, Object... values) {
554         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
555         Objects.requireNonNull(values);
556 
557         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
558         if (pos < 0 || pos >= targetCoordinates.size()) {
559             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
560         } else if (pos + values.length > targetCoordinates.size()) {
561             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too many values");
562         }
563 
564         if (values.length == 0) return target;
565 
566         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
567         for (int i = 0 ; i < values.length ; i++) {
568             Class<?> pt = newCoordinates.get(pos);
569             if (pt.isPrimitive()) {
570                 Wrapper w = Wrapper.forPrimitiveType(pt);
571                 w.convert(values[i], pt);
572             } else {
573                 pt.cast(values[i]);
574             }
575             newCoordinates.remove(pos);
576         }
577 
578         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
579                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.insertArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, values));
580     }
581 
582     public static VarHandle permuteCoordinates(VarHandle target, List<Class<?>> newCoordinates, int... reorder) {
583         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
584         Objects.requireNonNull(newCoordinates);
585         Objects.requireNonNull(reorder);
586 
587         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
588         MethodHandles.permuteArgumentChecks(reorder,
589                 MethodType.methodType(void.class, newCoordinates),
590                 MethodType.methodType(void.class, targetCoordinates));
591 
592         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
593                 (mode, modeHandle) ->
594                         MethodHandles.permuteArguments(modeHandle,
595                                 methodTypeFor(mode.at, modeHandle.type(), targetCoordinates, newCoordinates),
596                                 reorderArrayFor(mode.at, newCoordinates, reorder)));
597     }
598 
599     private static int numTrailingArgs(VarHandle.AccessType at) {
600         return switch (at) {
601             case GET -> 0;
602             case GET_AND_UPDATE, SET -> 1;
603             case COMPARE_AND_SET, COMPARE_AND_EXCHANGE -> 2;
604         };
605     }
606 
607     private static int[] reorderArrayFor(VarHandle.AccessType at, List<Class<?>> newCoordinates, int[] reorder) {
608         int numTrailingArgs = numTrailingArgs(at);
609         int[] adjustedReorder = new int[reorder.length + 1 + numTrailingArgs];
610         adjustedReorder[0] = 0;
611         for (int i = 0 ; i < reorder.length ; i++) {
612             adjustedReorder[i + 1] = reorder[i] + 1;
613         }
614         for (int i = 0 ; i < numTrailingArgs ; i++) {
615             adjustedReorder[i + reorder.length + 1] = i + newCoordinates.size() + 1;
616         }
617         return adjustedReorder;
618     }
619 
620     private static MethodType methodTypeFor(VarHandle.AccessType at, MethodType oldType, List<Class<?>> oldCoordinates, List<Class<?>> newCoordinates) {
621         int numTrailingArgs = numTrailingArgs(at);
622         MethodType adjustedType = MethodType.methodType(oldType.returnType(), oldType.parameterType(0));
623         adjustedType = adjustedType.appendParameterTypes(newCoordinates);
624         for (int i = 0 ; i < numTrailingArgs ; i++) {
625             adjustedType = adjustedType.appendParameterTypes(oldType.parameterType(1 + oldCoordinates.size() + i));
626         }
627         return adjustedType;
628     }
629 
630     public static VarHandle collectCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, MethodHandle pFilter) {
631         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
632         Objects.requireNonNull(pFilter);
633         MethodHandle filter = adaptForCheckedExceptions(pFilter);
634 
635         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
636         if (pos < 0 || pos >= targetCoordinates.size()) {
637             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
638         } else if (filter.type().returnType() != void.class && filter.type().returnType() != targetCoordinates.get(pos)) {
639             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid filter type " + filter.type() + " for coordinate type " + targetCoordinates.get(pos));
640         }
641 
642         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
643         if (filter.type().returnType() != void.class) {
644             newCoordinates.remove(pos);
645         }
646         newCoordinates.addAll(pos, filter.type().parameterList());
647 
648         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
649                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.collectArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, filter));
650     }
651 
652     public static VarHandle dropCoordinates(VarHandle target, int pos, Class<?>... valueTypes) {
653         Objects.requireNonNull(target);
654         Objects.requireNonNull(valueTypes);
655 
656         List<Class<?>> targetCoordinates = target.coordinateTypes();
657         if (pos < 0 || pos > targetCoordinates.size()) {
658             throw newIllegalArgumentException("Invalid position " + pos + " for coordinate types", targetCoordinates);
659         }
660 
661         if (valueTypes.length == 0) return target;
662 
663         List<Class<?>> newCoordinates = new ArrayList<>(targetCoordinates);
664         newCoordinates.addAll(pos, List.of(valueTypes));
665 
666         return new IndirectVarHandle(target, target.varType(), newCoordinates.toArray(new Class<?>[0]),
667                 (mode, modeHandle) -> MethodHandles.dropArguments(modeHandle, 1 + pos, valueTypes));
668     }
669 
670     private static MethodHandle adaptForCheckedExceptions(MethodHandle target) {
671         Class<?>[] exceptionTypes = exceptionTypes(target);
672         if (exceptionTypes != null) { // exceptions known
673             if (Stream.of(exceptionTypes).anyMatch(VarHandles::isCheckedException)) {
674                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("Cannot adapt a var handle with a method handle which throws checked exceptions");
675             }
676             return target; // no adaptation needed
677         } else {
678             MethodHandle handler = MethodHandleImpl.getConstantHandle(MethodHandleImpl.MH_VarHandles_handleCheckedExceptions);
679             MethodHandle zero = MethodHandles.zero(target.type().returnType()); // dead branch
680             handler = MethodHandles.collectArguments(zero, 0, handler);
681             return MethodHandles.catchException(target, Throwable.class, handler);
682         }
683     }
684 
685     static void handleCheckedExceptions(Throwable throwable) throws Throwable {
686         if (isCheckedException(throwable.getClass())) {
687             throw new IllegalStateException("Adapter handle threw checked exception", throwable);
688         }
689         throw throwable;
690     }
691 
692     static Class<?>[] exceptionTypes(MethodHandle handle) {
693         if (handle instanceof DirectMethodHandle directHandle) {
694             byte refKind = directHandle.member.getReferenceKind();
695             MethodHandleInfo info = new InfoFromMemberName(
696                     MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP,
697                     directHandle.member,
698                     refKind);
699             if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
700                 return info.reflectAs(Method.class, MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP)
701                         .getExceptionTypes();
702             } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
703                 return new Class<?>[0];
704             } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsConstructor(refKind)) {
705                 return info.reflectAs(Constructor.class, MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP)
706                         .getExceptionTypes();
707             } else {
708                 throw new AssertionError("Cannot get here");
709             }
710         } else if (handle instanceof DelegatingMethodHandle delegatingMh) {
711             return exceptionTypes(delegatingMh.getTarget());
712         } else if (handle instanceof NativeMethodHandle) {
713             return new Class<?>[0];
714         }
715 
716         assert handle instanceof BoundMethodHandle : "Unexpected handle type: " + handle;
717         // unknown
718         return null;
719     }
720 
721     private static boolean isCheckedException(Class<?> clazz) {
722         return Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) &&
723                 !RuntimeException.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz) &&
724                 !Error.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz);
725     }
726 }