1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
  8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 10  *
 11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 15  * accompanied this code).
 16  *
 17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 20  *
 21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 23  * questions.
 24  */
 25 
 26 package java.lang.reflect;
 27 
 28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 29 import java.util.Arrays;
 30 import java.util.Map;
 31 import java.util.Set;
 32 import java.util.Objects;
 33 import java.util.StringJoiner;
 34 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 35 
 36 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
 37 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.Stable;
 38 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationParser;
 39 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationSupport;
 40 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser;
 41 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation;
 42 import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
 43 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
 44 
 45 /**
 46  * A shared superclass for the common functionality of {@link Method}
 47  * and {@link Constructor}.
 48  *
 49  * @sealedGraph
 50  * @since 1.8
 51  */
 52 public abstract sealed class Executable extends AccessibleObject
 53     implements Member, GenericDeclaration permits Constructor, Method {
 54     /*
 55      * Only grant package-visibility to the constructor.
 56      */
 57     @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 58     Executable() {}
 59 
 60     /**
 61      * Accessor method to allow code sharing
 62      */
 63     abstract byte[] getAnnotationBytes();
 64 
 65     /**
 66      * Does the Executable have generic information.
 67      */
 68     abstract boolean hasGenericInformation();
 69 
 70     abstract ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo();
 71 
 72     boolean equalParamTypes(Class<?>[] params1, Class<?>[] params2) {
 73         // The parameter arrays are trusted and the same for a root and all leaf
 74         // copies. Thus, == on arrays is more useful than == on Executable.
 75         if (params1 == params2)
 76             return true;
 77         /* Avoid unnecessary cloning */
 78         if (params1.length == params2.length) {
 79             for (int i = 0; i < params1.length; i++) {
 80                 if (params1[i] != params2[i])
 81                     return false;
 82             }
 83             return true;
 84         }
 85         return false;
 86     }
 87 
 88     Annotation[][] parseParameterAnnotations(byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
 89         return AnnotationParser.parseParameterAnnotations(
 90                parameterAnnotations,
 91                SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
 92                getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
 93                getDeclaringClass());
 94     }
 95 
 96     void printModifiersIfNonzero(StringBuilder sb, int mask, boolean isDefault) {
 97         int mod = getModifiers() & mask;
 98 
 99         if (mod != 0 && !isDefault) {
100             sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
101         } else {
102             int access_mod = mod & Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS;
103             if (access_mod != 0)
104                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(access_mod)).append(' ');
105             if (isDefault)
106                 sb.append("default ");
107             mod = (mod & ~Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS);
108             if (mod != 0)
109                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
110         }
111     }
112 
113     String sharedToString(int modifierMask,
114                           boolean isDefault,
115                           Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
116                           Class<?>[] exceptionTypes) {
117         try {
118             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
119 
120             printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);
121             specificToStringHeader(sb);
122             sb.append(Arrays.stream(parameterTypes)
123                       .map(Type::getTypeName)
124                       .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")));
125             if (exceptionTypes.length > 0) {
126                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(exceptionTypes)
127                           .map(Type::getTypeName)
128                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", " throws ", "")));
129             }
130             return sb.toString();
131         } catch (Exception e) {
132             return "<" + e + ">";
133         }
134     }
135 
136     /**
137      * Generate toString header information specific to a method or
138      * constructor.
139      */
140     abstract void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);
141 
142     static String typeVarBounds(TypeVariable<?> typeVar) {
143         Type[] bounds = typeVar.getBounds();
144         if (bounds.length == 1 && bounds[0].equals(Object.class)) {
145             return typeVar.getName();
146         } else {
147             return typeVar.getName() + " extends " +
148                 Arrays.stream(bounds)
149                 .map(Type::getTypeName)
150                 .collect(Collectors.joining(" & "));
151         }
152     }
153 
154     String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
155         try {
156             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
157 
158             printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);
159 
160             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
161             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
162                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(typeparms)
163                           .map(Executable::typeVarBounds)
164                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "<", "> ")));
165             }
166 
167             specificToGenericStringHeader(sb);
168 
169             sb.append('(');
170             StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",");
171             Type[] params = getGenericParameterTypes();
172             for (int j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
173                 String param = params[j].getTypeName();
174                 if (isVarArgs() && (j == params.length - 1)) // replace T[] with T...
175                     param = param.replaceFirst("\\[\\]$", "...");
176                 sj.add(param);
177             }
178             sb.append(sj.toString());
179             sb.append(')');
180 
181             Type[] exceptionTypes = getGenericExceptionTypes();
182             if (exceptionTypes.length > 0) {
183                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(exceptionTypes)
184                           .map(Type::getTypeName)
185                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", " throws ", "")));
186             }
187             return sb.toString();
188         } catch (Exception e) {
189             return "<" + e + ">";
190         }
191     }
192 
193     /**
194      * Generate toGenericString header information specific to a
195      * method or constructor.
196      */
197     abstract void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);
198 
199     /**
200      * Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface
201      * that declares the executable represented by this object.
202      */
203     public abstract Class<?> getDeclaringClass();
204 
205     /**
206      * Returns the name of the executable represented by this object.
207      */
208     public abstract String getName();
209 
210     /**
211      * {@return the Java language {@linkplain Modifier modifiers} for
212      * the executable represented by this object}
213      * @see #accessFlags
214      */
215     public abstract int getModifiers();
216 
217     /**
218      * {@return an unmodifiable set of the {@linkplain AccessFlag
219      * access flags} for the executable represented by this object,
220      * possibly empty}
221      *
222      * @see #getModifiers()
223      * @jvms 4.6 Methods
224      * @since 20
225      */
226     @Override
227     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
228         return reflectionFactory.parseAccessFlags(getModifiers(),
229                                                   AccessFlag.Location.METHOD,
230                                                   getDeclaringClass());
231     }
232 
233     /**
234      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
235      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
236      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
237      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
238      * variables.
239      *
240      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
241      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
242      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
243      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
244      *     the format specified in
245      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
246      */
247     public abstract TypeVariable<?>[] getTypeParameters();
248 
249     // returns shared array of parameter types - must never give it out
250     // to the untrusted code...
251     abstract Class<?>[] getSharedParameterTypes();
252 
253     // returns shared array of exception types - must never give it out
254     // to the untrusted code...
255     abstract Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes();
256 
257     /**
258      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the formal
259      * parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable
260      * represented by this object.  Returns an array of length
261      * 0 if the underlying executable takes no parameters.
262      * Note that the constructors of some inner classes
263      * may have an {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
264      * implicitly declared} parameter in addition to explicitly
265      * declared ones.
266      * Also note that compact constructors of a record class may have
267      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
268      * implicitly declared} parameters.
269      *
270      * @return the parameter types for the executable this object
271      * represents
272      */
273     @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
274     public abstract Class<?>[] getParameterTypes();
275 
276     /**
277      * Returns the number of formal parameters (whether explicitly
278      * declared or implicitly declared or neither) for the executable
279      * represented by this object.
280      *
281      * @return The number of formal parameters for the executable this
282      * object represents
283      */
284     public abstract int getParameterCount();
285 
286     /**
287      * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the
288      * formal parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable
289      * represented by this object. An array of length 0 is returned if the
290      * underlying executable takes no parameters.  Note that the
291      * constructors of some inner classes may have an implicitly
292      * declared parameter in addition to explicitly declared ones.
293      * Compact constructors of a record class may also have
294      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
295      * implicitly declared} parameters,
296      * but they are a special case and thus considered as if they had
297      * been explicitly declared in the source.
298      * Finally note that as a {@link java.lang.reflect##LanguageJvmModel
299      * modeling artifact}, the number of returned parameters can differ
300      * depending on whether or not generic information is present. If
301      * generic information is present, parameters explicitly
302      * present in the source or parameters of compact constructors
303      * of a record class will be returned.
304      * Note that parameters of compact constructors of a record class are a special case,
305      * as they are not explicitly present in the source, and its type will be returned
306      * regardless of the parameters being
307      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
308      * implicitly declared} or not.
309      * If generic information is not present, implicit and synthetic parameters may be
310      * returned as well.
311      *
312      * <p>If a formal parameter type is a parameterized type,
313      * the {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
314      * the actual type arguments used in the source code. This assertion also
315      * applies to the parameters of compact constructors of a record class,
316      * independently of them being
317      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
318      * implicitly declared} or not.
319      *
320      * <p>If a formal parameter type is a type variable or a parameterized
321      * type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
322      *
323      * @return an array of {@code Type}s that represent the formal
324      *     parameter types of the underlying executable, in declaration order
325      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
326      *     if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
327      *     specified in
328      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
329      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the parameter
330      *     types of the underlying executable refers to a non-existent type
331      *     declaration
332      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of
333      *     the underlying executable's parameter types refer to a parameterized
334      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
335      */
336     @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
337     public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
338         if (hasGenericInformation())
339             return getGenericInfo().getParameterTypes();
340         else
341             return getParameterTypes();
342     }
343 
344     /**
345      * Behaves like {@code getGenericParameterTypes}, but returns type
346      * information for all parameters, including synthetic parameters.
347      */
348     Type[] getAllGenericParameterTypes() {
349         final boolean genericInfo = hasGenericInformation();
350 
351         // Easy case: we don't have generic parameter information.  In
352         // this case, we just return the result of
353         // getParameterTypes().
354         if (!genericInfo) {
355             return getParameterTypes();
356         } else {
357             final boolean realParamData = hasRealParameterData();
358             final Type[] genericParamTypes = getGenericParameterTypes();
359             final Type[] nonGenericParamTypes = getSharedParameterTypes();
360             // If we have real parameter data, then we use the
361             // synthetic and mandate flags to our advantage.
362             if (realParamData) {
363                 if (getDeclaringClass().isRecord() && this instanceof Constructor) {
364                     /* we could be seeing a compact constructor of a record class
365                      * its parameters are mandated but we should be able to retrieve
366                      * its generic information if present
367                      */
368                     if (genericParamTypes.length == nonGenericParamTypes.length) {
369                         return genericParamTypes;
370                     } else {
371                         return nonGenericParamTypes.clone();
372                     }
373                 } else {
374                     final Type[] out = new Type[nonGenericParamTypes.length];
375                     final Parameter[] params = getParameters();
376                     int fromidx = 0;
377                     for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
378                         final Parameter param = params[i];
379                         if (param.isSynthetic() || param.isImplicit()) {
380                             // If we hit a synthetic or mandated parameter,
381                             // use the non generic parameter info.
382                             out[i] = nonGenericParamTypes[i];
383                         } else {
384                             // Otherwise, use the generic parameter info.
385                             out[i] = genericParamTypes[fromidx];
386                             fromidx++;
387                         }
388                     }
389                     return out;
390                 }
391             } else {
392                 // Otherwise, use the non-generic parameter data.
393                 // Without method parameter reflection data, we have
394                 // no way to figure out which parameters are
395                 // synthetic/mandated, thus, no way to match up the
396                 // indexes.
397                 return genericParamTypes.length == nonGenericParamTypes.length ?
398                     genericParamTypes : getParameterTypes();
399             }
400         }
401     }
402 
403     /**
404      * {@return an array of {@code Parameter} objects representing
405      * all the parameters to the underlying executable represented by
406      * this object} An array of length 0 is returned if the executable
407      * has no parameters.
408      *
409      * <p>The parameters of the underlying executable do not necessarily
410      * have unique names, or names that are legal identifiers in the
411      * Java programming language (JLS {@jls 3.8}).
412      *
413      * @throws MalformedParametersException if the class file contains
414      * a MethodParameters attribute that is improperly formatted.
415      */
416     public Parameter[] getParameters() {
417         // TODO: This may eventually need to be guarded by security
418         // mechanisms similar to those in Field, Method, etc.
419         //
420         // Need to copy the cached array to prevent users from messing
421         // with it.  Since parameters are immutable, we can
422         // shallow-copy.
423         return parameterData().parameters.clone();
424     }
425 
426     private Parameter[] synthesizeAllParams() {
427         final int realparams = getParameterCount();
428         final Parameter[] out = new Parameter[realparams];
429         for (int i = 0; i < realparams; i++)
430             // TODO: is there a way to synthetically derive the
431             // modifiers?  Probably not in the general case, since
432             // we'd have no way of knowing about them, but there
433             // may be specific cases.
434             out[i] = new Parameter(null, 0, this, i);
435         return out;
436     }
437 
438     private void verifyParameters(final Parameter[] parameters) {
439         final int mask = Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.SYNTHETIC | Modifier.MANDATED;
440 
441         if (getParameterCount() != parameters.length)
442             throw new MalformedParametersException("Wrong number of parameters in MethodParameters attribute");
443 
444         for (Parameter parameter : parameters) {
445             final String name = parameter.getRealName();
446             final int mods = parameter.getModifiers();
447 
448             if (name != null) {
449                 if (name.isEmpty() || name.indexOf('.') != -1 ||
450                     name.indexOf(';') != -1 || name.indexOf('[') != -1 ||
451                     name.indexOf('/') != -1) {
452                     throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid parameter name \"" + name + "\"");
453                 }
454             }
455 
456             if (mods != (mods & mask)) {
457                 throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid parameter modifiers");
458             }
459         }
460     }
461 
462 
463     boolean hasRealParameterData() {
464         return parameterData().isReal;
465     }
466 
467     private ParameterData parameterData() {
468         ParameterData parameterData = this.parameterData;
469         if (parameterData != null) {
470             return parameterData;
471         }
472 
473         Parameter[] tmp;
474         // Go to the JVM to get them
475         try {
476             tmp = getParameters0();
477         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
478             // Rethrow ClassFormatErrors
479             throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid constant pool index");
480         }
481 
482         // If we get back nothing, then synthesize parameters
483         if (tmp == null) {
484             tmp = synthesizeAllParams();
485             parameterData = new ParameterData(tmp, false);
486         } else {
487             verifyParameters(tmp);
488             parameterData = new ParameterData(tmp, true);
489         }
490         return this.parameterData = parameterData;
491     }
492 
493     private transient @Stable ParameterData parameterData;
494 
495     record ParameterData(@Stable Parameter[] parameters, boolean isReal) {}
496 
497     private native Parameter[] getParameters0();
498     native byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
499 
500     // Needed by reflectaccess
501     byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
502         return getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
503     }
504 
505     /**
506      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the
507      * types of exceptions declared to be thrown by the underlying
508      * executable represented by this object.  Returns an array of
509      * length 0 if the executable declares no exceptions in its {@code
510      * throws} clause.
511      *
512      * @return the exception types declared as being thrown by the
513      * executable this object represents
514      */
515     public abstract Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes();
516 
517     /**
518      * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the
519      * exceptions declared to be thrown by this executable object.
520      * Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying executable declares
521      * no exceptions in its {@code throws} clause.
522      *
523      * <p>If an exception type is a type variable or a parameterized
524      * type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
525      *
526      * @return an array of Types that represent the exception types
527      *     thrown by the underlying executable
528      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
529      *     if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
530      *     specified in
531      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
532      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the underlying executable's
533      *     {@code throws} clause refers to a non-existent type declaration
534      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if
535      *     the underlying executable's {@code throws} clause refers to a
536      *     parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
537      */
538     public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
539         Type[] result;
540         if (hasGenericInformation() &&
541             ((result = getGenericInfo().getExceptionTypes()).length > 0))
542             return result;
543         else
544             return getExceptionTypes();
545     }
546 
547     /**
548      * {@return a string describing this {@code Executable}, including
549      * any type parameters}
550      */
551     public abstract String toGenericString();
552 
553     /**
554      * {@return {@code true} if this executable was declared to take a
555      * variable number of arguments; returns {@code false} otherwise}
556      */
557     public boolean isVarArgs()  {
558         return (getModifiers() & Modifier.VARARGS) != 0;
559     }
560 
561     /**
562      * Returns {@code true} if this executable is a synthetic
563      * construct; returns {@code false} otherwise.
564      *
565      * @return true if and only if this executable is a synthetic
566      * construct as defined by
567      * <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
568      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
569      * @jvms 4.6 Methods
570      */
571     public boolean isSynthetic() {
572         return Modifier.isSynthetic(getModifiers());
573     }
574 
575     /**
576      * Returns an array of arrays of {@code Annotation}s that
577      * represent the annotations on the formal parameters, in
578      * declaration order, of the {@code Executable} represented by
579      * this object.  Synthetic and mandated parameters (see
580      * explanation below), such as the outer "this" parameter to an
581      * inner class constructor will be represented in the returned
582      * array.  If the executable has no parameters (meaning no formal,
583      * no synthetic, and no mandated parameters), a zero-length array
584      * will be returned.  If the {@code Executable} has one or more
585      * parameters, a nested array of length zero is returned for each
586      * parameter with no annotations. The annotation objects contained
587      * in the returned arrays are serializable.  The caller of this
588      * method is free to modify the returned arrays; it will have no
589      * effect on the arrays returned to other callers.
590      *
591      * A compiler may add extra parameters that are implicitly
592      * declared in source ("mandated"), as well as parameters that
593      * are neither implicitly nor explicitly declared in source
594      * ("synthetic") to the parameter list for a method.  See {@link
595      * java.lang.reflect.Parameter} for more information.
596      *
597      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
598      * declaration annotations.
599      *
600      * @see java.lang.reflect.Parameter
601      * @see java.lang.reflect.Parameter#getAnnotations
602      * @return an array of arrays that represent the annotations on
603      *    the formal and implicit parameters, in declaration order, of
604      *    the executable represented by this object
605      */
606     public abstract Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations();
607 
608     Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
609                                                  byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
610         int numParameters = parameterTypes.length;
611         if (parameterAnnotations == null)
612             return new Annotation[numParameters][0];
613 
614         Annotation[][] result = parseParameterAnnotations(parameterAnnotations);
615 
616         if (result.length != numParameters &&
617             handleParameterNumberMismatch(result.length, parameterTypes)) {
618             Annotation[][] tmp = new Annotation[numParameters][];
619             // Shift annotations down to account for any implicit leading parameters
620             System.arraycopy(result, 0, tmp, numParameters - result.length, result.length);
621             for (int i = 0; i < numParameters - result.length; i++) {
622                 tmp[i] = new Annotation[0];
623             }
624             result = tmp;
625         }
626         return result;
627     }
628 
629     abstract boolean handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, Class<?>[] parameterTypes);
630 
631     /**
632      * {@inheritDoc}
633      * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
634      */
635     @Override
636     public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
637         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
638         return annotationClass.cast(declaredAnnotations().get(annotationClass));
639     }
640 
641     /**
642      * {@inheritDoc}
643      *
644      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
645      */
646     @Override
647     public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
648         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
649 
650         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(declaredAnnotations(), annotationClass);
651     }
652 
653     /**
654      * {@inheritDoc}
655      */
656     @Override
657     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
658         return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations());
659     }
660 
661     private transient volatile Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
662 
663     private Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
664         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declAnnos;
665         if ((declAnnos = declaredAnnotations) == null) {
666             synchronized (this) {
667                 if ((declAnnos = declaredAnnotations) == null) {
668                     Executable root = (Executable)getRoot();
669                     if (root != null) {
670                         declAnnos = root.declaredAnnotations();
671                     } else {
672                         declAnnos = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
673                                 getAnnotationBytes(),
674                                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
675                                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
676                                 getDeclaringClass()
677                         );
678                     }
679                     declaredAnnotations = declAnnos;
680                 }
681             }
682         }
683         return declAnnos;
684     }
685 
686     /**
687      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a type to
688      * specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
689      * Executable.
690      *
691      * If this {@code Executable} object represents a constructor, the {@code
692      * AnnotatedType} object represents the type of the constructed object.
693      *
694      * If this {@code Executable} object represents a method, the {@code
695      * AnnotatedType} object represents the use of a type to specify the return
696      * type of the method.
697      *
698      * @return an object representing the return type of the method
699      * or constructor represented by this {@code Executable}
700      */
701     public abstract AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType();
702 
703     /* Helper for subclasses of Executable.
704      *
705      * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
706      * specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
707      * Executable.
708      */
709     AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType0(Type returnType) {
710         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
711                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
712                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
713                 this,
714                 getDeclaringClass(),
715                 returnType,
716                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RETURN);
717     }
718 
719     /**
720      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
721      * type to specify the receiver type of the method/constructor represented
722      * by this {@code Executable} object.
723      *
724      * The receiver type of a method/constructor is available only if the
725      * method/constructor has a receiver parameter (JLS {@jls 8.4.1}). If this {@code
726      * Executable} object <em>represents an instance method or represents a
727      * constructor of an inner member class</em>, and the
728      * method/constructor <em>either</em> has no receiver parameter or has a
729      * receiver parameter with no annotations on its type, then the return
730      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
731      * annotations.
732      *
733      * If this {@code Executable} object represents a static method or
734      * represents a constructor of a top level, static member, local, or
735      * anonymous class, then the return value is null.
736      *
737      * @return an object representing the receiver type of the method or
738      * constructor represented by this {@code Executable} or {@code null} if
739      * this {@code Executable} can not have a receiver parameter
740      *
741      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
742      * @jls 8.4.1 Formal Parameters
743      * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
744      */
745     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
746         if (Modifier.isStatic(this.getModifiers()))
747             return null;
748         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
749                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
750                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
751                 this,
752                 getDeclaringClass(),
753                 parameterize(getDeclaringClass()),
754                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RECEIVER);
755     }
756 
757     Type parameterize(Class<?> c) {
758         Class<?> ownerClass = c.getDeclaringClass();
759         TypeVariable<?>[] typeVars = c.getTypeParameters();
760 
761         // base case, static nested classes, according to JLS 8.1.3, has no
762         // enclosing instance, therefore its owner is not generified.
763         if (ownerClass == null || Modifier.isStatic(c.getModifiers())) {
764             if (typeVars.length == 0)
765                 return c;
766             else
767                 return ParameterizedTypeImpl.make(c, typeVars, null);
768         }
769 
770         // Resolve owner
771         Type ownerType = parameterize(ownerClass);
772         if (ownerType instanceof Class<?> && typeVars.length == 0) // We have yet to encounter type parameters
773             return c;
774         else
775             return ParameterizedTypeImpl.make(c, typeVars, ownerType);
776     }
777 
778     /**
779      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
780      * of types to specify formal parameter types of the method/constructor
781      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
782      * corresponds to the order of the formal parameter types in the
783      * declaration of the method/constructor.
784      *
785      * Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
786      * parameters.
787      * Note that the constructors of some inner classes
788      * may have an
789      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
790      * implicitly declared} parameter in addition to explicitly declared ones.
791      * Also note that compact constructors of a record class may have
792      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
793      * implicitly declared} parameters.
794      *
795      * @return an array of objects representing the types of the
796      * formal parameters of the method or constructor represented by this
797      * {@code Executable}
798      */
799     @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
800     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
801         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
802                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
803                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
804                 this,
805                 getDeclaringClass(),
806                 getAllGenericParameterTypes(),
807                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_FORMAL_PARAMETER);
808     }
809 
810     /**
811      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
812      * of types to specify the declared exceptions of the method/constructor
813      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
814      * corresponds to the order of the exception types in the declaration of
815      * the method/constructor.
816      *
817      * Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
818      * exceptions.
819      *
820      * @return an array of objects representing the declared
821      * exceptions of the method or constructor represented by this {@code
822      * Executable}
823      */
824     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedExceptionTypes() {
825         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
826                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
827                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
828                 this,
829                 getDeclaringClass(),
830                 getGenericExceptionTypes(),
831                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.THROWS);
832     }
833 }