1 /*
  2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  4  *
  5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
  7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
  8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
  9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 10  *
 11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 15  * accompanied this code).
 16  *
 17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 20  *
 21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 23  * questions.
 24  */
 25 
 26 package java.lang.reflect;
 27 
 28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 29 import java.util.Arrays;
 30 import java.util.Map;
 31 import java.util.Set;
 32 import java.util.Objects;
 33 import java.util.StringJoiner;
 34 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 35 
 36 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
 37 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.Stable;
 38 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationParser;
 39 import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationSupport;
 40 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser;
 41 import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation;
 42 import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
 43 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
 44 
 45 /**
 46  * A shared superclass for the common functionality of {@link Method}
 47  * and {@link Constructor}.
 48  *
 49  * @sealedGraph
 50  * @since 1.8
 51  */
 52 public abstract sealed class Executable extends AccessibleObject
 53     implements Member, GenericDeclaration permits Constructor, Method {
 54     /*
 55      * Only grant package-visibility to the constructor.
 56      */
 57     @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 58     Executable() {}
 59 
 60     /**
 61      * Accessor method to allow code sharing
 62      */
 63     abstract byte[] getAnnotationBytes();
 64 
 65     /**
 66      * Does the Executable have generic information.
 67      */
 68     abstract boolean hasGenericInformation();
 69 
 70     abstract ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo();
 71 
 72     boolean equalParamTypes(Class<?>[] params1, Class<?>[] params2) {
 73         // The parameter arrays are trusted and the same for a root and all leaf
 74         // copies. Thus, == on arrays is more useful than == on Executable.
 75         if (params1 == params2)
 76             return true;
 77         /* Avoid unnecessary cloning */
 78         if (params1.length == params2.length) {
 79             for (int i = 0; i < params1.length; i++) {
 80                 if (params1[i] != params2[i])
 81                     return false;
 82             }
 83             return true;
 84         }
 85         return false;
 86     }
 87 
 88     Annotation[][] parseParameterAnnotations(byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
 89         return AnnotationParser.parseParameterAnnotations(
 90                parameterAnnotations,
 91                SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
 92                getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
 93                getDeclaringClass());
 94     }
 95 
 96     void printModifiersIfNonzero(StringBuilder sb, int mask, boolean isDefault) {
 97         int mod = getModifiers() & mask;
 98 
 99         if (mod != 0 && !isDefault) {
100             sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
101         } else {
102             int access_mod = mod & Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS;
103             if (access_mod != 0)
104                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(access_mod)).append(' ');
105             if (isDefault)
106                 sb.append("default ");
107             mod = (mod & ~Modifier.ACCESS_MODIFIERS);
108             if (mod != 0)
109                 sb.append(Modifier.toString(mod)).append(' ');
110         }
111     }
112 
113     String sharedToString(int modifierMask,
114                           boolean isDefault,
115                           Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
116                           Class<?>[] exceptionTypes) {
117         try {
118             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
119 
120             printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);
121             specificToStringHeader(sb);
122             sb.append(Arrays.stream(parameterTypes)
123                       .map(Type::getTypeName)
124                       .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "(", ")")));
125             if (exceptionTypes.length > 0) {
126                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(exceptionTypes)
127                           .map(Type::getTypeName)
128                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", " throws ", "")));
129             }
130             return sb.toString();
131         } catch (Exception e) {
132             return "<" + e + ">";
133         }
134     }
135 
136     /**
137      * Generate toString header information specific to a method or
138      * constructor.
139      */
140     abstract void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);
141 
142     static String typeVarBounds(TypeVariable<?> typeVar) {
143         Type[] bounds = typeVar.getBounds();
144         if (bounds.length == 1 && bounds[0].equals(Object.class)) {
145             return typeVar.getName();
146         } else {
147             return typeVar.getName() + " extends " +
148                 Arrays.stream(bounds)
149                 .map(Type::getTypeName)
150                 .collect(Collectors.joining(" & "));
151         }
152     }
153 
154     String sharedToGenericString(int modifierMask, boolean isDefault) {
155         try {
156             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
157 
158             printModifiersIfNonzero(sb, modifierMask, isDefault);
159 
160             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = getTypeParameters();
161             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
162                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(typeparms)
163                           .map(Executable::typeVarBounds)
164                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", "<", "> ")));
165             }
166 
167             specificToGenericStringHeader(sb);
168 
169             sb.append('(');
170             StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",");
171             Type[] params = getGenericParameterTypes();
172             for (int j = 0; j < params.length; j++) {
173                 String param = params[j].getTypeName();
174                 if (isVarArgs() && (j == params.length - 1)) // replace T[] with T...
175                     param = param.replaceFirst("\\[\\]$", "...");
176                 sj.add(param);
177             }
178             sb.append(sj.toString());
179             sb.append(')');
180 
181             Type[] exceptionTypes = getGenericExceptionTypes();
182             if (exceptionTypes.length > 0) {
183                 sb.append(Arrays.stream(exceptionTypes)
184                           .map(Type::getTypeName)
185                           .collect(Collectors.joining(",", " throws ", "")));
186             }
187             return sb.toString();
188         } catch (Exception e) {
189             return "<" + e + ">";
190         }
191     }
192 
193     /**
194      * Generate toGenericString header information specific to a
195      * method or constructor.
196      */
197     abstract void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb);
198 
199     /**
200      * Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface
201      * that declares the executable represented by this object.
202      */
203     public abstract Class<?> getDeclaringClass();
204 
205     /**
206      * Returns the name of the executable represented by this object.
207      */
208     public abstract String getName();
209 
210     /**
211      * {@return the Java language {@linkplain Modifier modifiers} for
212      * the executable represented by this object}
213      * @see #accessFlags
214      */
215     public abstract int getModifiers();
216 
217     /**
218      * {@return an unmodifiable set of the {@linkplain AccessFlag
219      * access flags} for the executable represented by this object,
220      * possibly empty}
221      * The {@code AccessFlags} may depend on the class file format version of the class.
222      *
223      * @see #getModifiers()
224      * @jvms 4.6 Methods
225      * @since 20
226      */
227     @Override
228     public Set<AccessFlag> accessFlags() {
229         return reflectionFactory.parseAccessFlags(getModifiers(),
230                                                   AccessFlag.Location.METHOD,
231                                                   getDeclaringClass());
232     }
233 
234     /**
235      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
236      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
237      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
238      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
239      * variables.
240      *
241      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
242      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
243      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
244      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
245      *     the format specified in
246      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
247      */
248     public abstract TypeVariable<?>[] getTypeParameters();
249 
250     // returns shared array of parameter types - must never give it out
251     // to the untrusted code...
252     abstract Class<?>[] getSharedParameterTypes();
253 
254     // returns shared array of exception types - must never give it out
255     // to the untrusted code...
256     abstract Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes();
257 
258     /**
259      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the formal
260      * parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable
261      * represented by this object.  Returns an array of length
262      * 0 if the underlying executable takes no parameters.
263      * Note that the constructors of some inner classes
264      * may have an {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
265      * implicitly declared} parameter in addition to explicitly
266      * declared ones.
267      * Also note that compact constructors of a record class may have
268      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
269      * implicitly declared} parameters.
270      *
271      * @return the parameter types for the executable this object
272      * represents
273      */
274     @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
275     public abstract Class<?>[] getParameterTypes();
276 
277     /**
278      * Returns the number of formal parameters (whether explicitly
279      * declared or implicitly declared or neither) for the executable
280      * represented by this object.
281      *
282      * @return The number of formal parameters for the executable this
283      * object represents
284      */
285     public abstract int getParameterCount();
286 
287     /**
288      * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the
289      * formal parameter types, in declaration order, of the executable
290      * represented by this object. An array of length 0 is returned if the
291      * underlying executable takes no parameters.  Note that the
292      * constructors of some inner classes may have an implicitly
293      * declared parameter in addition to explicitly declared ones.
294      * Compact constructors of a record class may also have
295      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
296      * implicitly declared} parameters,
297      * but they are a special case and thus considered as if they had
298      * been explicitly declared in the source.
299      * Finally note that as a {@link java.lang.reflect##LanguageJvmModel
300      * modeling artifact}, the number of returned parameters can differ
301      * depending on whether or not generic information is present. If
302      * generic information is present, parameters explicitly
303      * present in the source or parameters of compact constructors
304      * of a record class will be returned.
305      * Note that parameters of compact constructors of a record class are a special case,
306      * as they are not explicitly present in the source, and its type will be returned
307      * regardless of the parameters being
308      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
309      * implicitly declared} or not.
310      * If generic information is not present, implicit and synthetic parameters may be
311      * returned as well.
312      *
313      * <p>If a formal parameter type is a parameterized type,
314      * the {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
315      * the actual type arguments used in the source code. This assertion also
316      * applies to the parameters of compact constructors of a record class,
317      * independently of them being
318      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
319      * implicitly declared} or not.
320      *
321      * <p>If a formal parameter type is a type variable or a parameterized
322      * type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
323      *
324      * @return an array of {@code Type}s that represent the formal
325      *     parameter types of the underlying executable, in declaration order
326      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
327      *     if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
328      *     specified in
329      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
330      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the parameter
331      *     types of the underlying executable refers to a non-existent type
332      *     declaration
333      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if any of
334      *     the underlying executable's parameter types refer to a parameterized
335      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
336      */
337     @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
338     public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
339         if (hasGenericInformation())
340             return getGenericInfo().getParameterTypes();
341         else
342             return getParameterTypes();
343     }
344 
345     /**
346      * Behaves like {@code getGenericParameterTypes}, but returns type
347      * information for all parameters, including synthetic parameters.
348      */
349     Type[] getAllGenericParameterTypes() {
350         final boolean genericInfo = hasGenericInformation();
351 
352         // Easy case: we don't have generic parameter information.  In
353         // this case, we just return the result of
354         // getParameterTypes().
355         if (!genericInfo) {
356             return getParameterTypes();
357         } else {
358             final boolean realParamData = hasRealParameterData();
359             final Type[] genericParamTypes = getGenericParameterTypes();
360             final Type[] nonGenericParamTypes = getSharedParameterTypes();
361             // If we have real parameter data, then we use the
362             // synthetic and mandate flags to our advantage.
363             if (realParamData) {
364                 if (getDeclaringClass().isRecord() && this instanceof Constructor) {
365                     /* we could be seeing a compact constructor of a record class
366                      * its parameters are mandated but we should be able to retrieve
367                      * its generic information if present
368                      */
369                     if (genericParamTypes.length == nonGenericParamTypes.length) {
370                         return genericParamTypes;
371                     } else {
372                         return nonGenericParamTypes.clone();
373                     }
374                 } else {
375                     final Type[] out = new Type[nonGenericParamTypes.length];
376                     final Parameter[] params = getParameters();
377                     int fromidx = 0;
378                     for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
379                         final Parameter param = params[i];
380                         if (param.isSynthetic() || param.isImplicit()) {
381                             // If we hit a synthetic or mandated parameter,
382                             // use the non generic parameter info.
383                             out[i] = nonGenericParamTypes[i];
384                         } else {
385                             // Otherwise, use the generic parameter info.
386                             out[i] = genericParamTypes[fromidx];
387                             fromidx++;
388                         }
389                     }
390                     return out;
391                 }
392             } else {
393                 // Otherwise, use the non-generic parameter data.
394                 // Without method parameter reflection data, we have
395                 // no way to figure out which parameters are
396                 // synthetic/mandated, thus, no way to match up the
397                 // indexes.
398                 return genericParamTypes.length == nonGenericParamTypes.length ?
399                     genericParamTypes : getParameterTypes();
400             }
401         }
402     }
403 
404     /**
405      * {@return an array of {@code Parameter} objects representing
406      * all the parameters to the underlying executable represented by
407      * this object} An array of length 0 is returned if the executable
408      * has no parameters.
409      *
410      * <p>The parameters of the underlying executable do not necessarily
411      * have unique names, or names that are legal identifiers in the
412      * Java programming language (JLS {@jls 3.8}).
413      *
414      * @throws MalformedParametersException if the class file contains
415      * a MethodParameters attribute that is improperly formatted.
416      */
417     public Parameter[] getParameters() {
418         // TODO: This may eventually need to be guarded by security
419         // mechanisms similar to those in Field, Method, etc.
420         //
421         // Need to copy the cached array to prevent users from messing
422         // with it.  Since parameters are immutable, we can
423         // shallow-copy.
424         return parameterData().parameters.clone();
425     }
426 
427     private Parameter[] synthesizeAllParams() {
428         final int realparams = getParameterCount();
429         final Parameter[] out = new Parameter[realparams];
430         for (int i = 0; i < realparams; i++)
431             // TODO: is there a way to synthetically derive the
432             // modifiers?  Probably not in the general case, since
433             // we'd have no way of knowing about them, but there
434             // may be specific cases.
435             out[i] = new Parameter(null, 0, this, i);
436         return out;
437     }
438 
439     private void verifyParameters(final Parameter[] parameters) {
440         final int mask = Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.SYNTHETIC | Modifier.MANDATED;
441 
442         if (getParameterCount() != parameters.length)
443             throw new MalformedParametersException("Wrong number of parameters in MethodParameters attribute");
444 
445         for (Parameter parameter : parameters) {
446             final String name = parameter.getRealName();
447             final int mods = parameter.getModifiers();
448 
449             if (name != null) {
450                 if (name.isEmpty() || name.indexOf('.') != -1 ||
451                     name.indexOf(';') != -1 || name.indexOf('[') != -1 ||
452                     name.indexOf('/') != -1) {
453                     throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid parameter name \"" + name + "\"");
454                 }
455             }
456 
457             if (mods != (mods & mask)) {
458                 throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid parameter modifiers");
459             }
460         }
461     }
462 
463 
464     boolean hasRealParameterData() {
465         return parameterData().isReal;
466     }
467 
468     private ParameterData parameterData() {
469         ParameterData parameterData = this.parameterData;
470         if (parameterData != null) {
471             return parameterData;
472         }
473 
474         Parameter[] tmp;
475         // Go to the JVM to get them
476         try {
477             tmp = getParameters0();
478         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
479             // Rethrow ClassFormatErrors
480             throw new MalformedParametersException("Invalid constant pool index");
481         }
482 
483         // If we get back nothing, then synthesize parameters
484         if (tmp == null) {
485             tmp = synthesizeAllParams();
486             parameterData = new ParameterData(tmp, false);
487         } else {
488             verifyParameters(tmp);
489             parameterData = new ParameterData(tmp, true);
490         }
491         return this.parameterData = parameterData;
492     }
493 
494     private transient @Stable ParameterData parameterData;
495 
496     record ParameterData(@Stable Parameter[] parameters, boolean isReal) {}
497 
498     private native Parameter[] getParameters0();
499     native byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
500 
501     // Needed by reflectaccess
502     byte[] getTypeAnnotationBytes() {
503         return getTypeAnnotationBytes0();
504     }
505 
506     /**
507      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects that represent the
508      * types of exceptions declared to be thrown by the underlying
509      * executable represented by this object.  Returns an array of
510      * length 0 if the executable declares no exceptions in its {@code
511      * throws} clause.
512      *
513      * @return the exception types declared as being thrown by the
514      * executable this object represents
515      */
516     public abstract Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes();
517 
518     /**
519      * Returns an array of {@code Type} objects that represent the
520      * exceptions declared to be thrown by this executable object.
521      * Returns an array of length 0 if the underlying executable declares
522      * no exceptions in its {@code throws} clause.
523      *
524      * <p>If an exception type is a type variable or a parameterized
525      * type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
526      *
527      * @return an array of Types that represent the exception types
528      *     thrown by the underlying executable
529      * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError
530      *     if the generic method signature does not conform to the format
531      *     specified in
532      *     <cite>The Java Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
533      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the underlying executable's
534      *     {@code throws} clause refers to a non-existent type declaration
535      * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if
536      *     the underlying executable's {@code throws} clause refers to a
537      *     parameterized type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
538      */
539     public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {
540         Type[] result;
541         if (hasGenericInformation() &&
542             ((result = getGenericInfo().getExceptionTypes()).length > 0))
543             return result;
544         else
545             return getExceptionTypes();
546     }
547 
548     /**
549      * {@return a string describing this {@code Executable}, including
550      * any type parameters}
551      */
552     public abstract String toGenericString();
553 
554     /**
555      * {@return {@code true} if this executable was declared to take a
556      * variable number of arguments; returns {@code false} otherwise}
557      */
558     public boolean isVarArgs()  {
559         return (getModifiers() & Modifier.VARARGS) != 0;
560     }
561 
562     /**
563      * Returns {@code true} if this executable is a synthetic
564      * construct; returns {@code false} otherwise.
565      *
566      * @return true if and only if this executable is a synthetic
567      * construct as defined by
568      * <cite>The Java Language Specification</cite>.
569      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
570      * @jvms 4.6 Methods
571      */
572     public boolean isSynthetic() {
573         return Modifier.isSynthetic(getModifiers());
574     }
575 
576     /**
577      * Returns an array of arrays of {@code Annotation}s that
578      * represent the annotations on the formal parameters, in
579      * declaration order, of the {@code Executable} represented by
580      * this object.  Synthetic and mandated parameters (see
581      * explanation below), such as the outer "this" parameter to an
582      * inner class constructor will be represented in the returned
583      * array.  If the executable has no parameters (meaning no formal,
584      * no synthetic, and no mandated parameters), a zero-length array
585      * will be returned.  If the {@code Executable} has one or more
586      * parameters, a nested array of length zero is returned for each
587      * parameter with no annotations. The annotation objects contained
588      * in the returned arrays are serializable.  The caller of this
589      * method is free to modify the returned arrays; it will have no
590      * effect on the arrays returned to other callers.
591      *
592      * A compiler may add extra parameters that are implicitly
593      * declared in source ("mandated"), as well as parameters that
594      * are neither implicitly nor explicitly declared in source
595      * ("synthetic") to the parameter list for a method.  See {@link
596      * java.lang.reflect.Parameter} for more information.
597      *
598      * <p>Note that any annotations returned by this method are
599      * declaration annotations.
600      *
601      * @see java.lang.reflect.Parameter
602      * @see java.lang.reflect.Parameter#getAnnotations
603      * @return an array of arrays that represent the annotations on
604      *    the formal and implicit parameters, in declaration order, of
605      *    the executable represented by this object
606      */
607     public abstract Annotation[][] getParameterAnnotations();
608 
609     Annotation[][] sharedGetParameterAnnotations(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
610                                                  byte[] parameterAnnotations) {
611         int numParameters = parameterTypes.length;
612         if (parameterAnnotations == null)
613             return new Annotation[numParameters][0];
614 
615         Annotation[][] result = parseParameterAnnotations(parameterAnnotations);
616 
617         if (result.length != numParameters &&
618             handleParameterNumberMismatch(result.length, parameterTypes)) {
619             Annotation[][] tmp = new Annotation[numParameters][];
620             // Shift annotations down to account for any implicit leading parameters
621             System.arraycopy(result, 0, tmp, numParameters - result.length, result.length);
622             for (int i = 0; i < numParameters - result.length; i++) {
623                 tmp[i] = new Annotation[0];
624             }
625             result = tmp;
626         }
627         return result;
628     }
629 
630     abstract boolean handleParameterNumberMismatch(int resultLength, Class<?>[] parameterTypes);
631 
632     /**
633      * {@inheritDoc}
634      * @throws NullPointerException  {@inheritDoc}
635      */
636     @Override
637     public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
638         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
639         return annotationClass.cast(declaredAnnotations().get(annotationClass));
640     }
641 
642     /**
643      * {@inheritDoc}
644      *
645      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
646      */
647     @Override
648     public <T extends Annotation> T[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<T> annotationClass) {
649         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
650 
651         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(declaredAnnotations(), annotationClass);
652     }
653 
654     /**
655      * {@inheritDoc}
656      */
657     @Override
658     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
659         return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations());
660     }
661 
662     private transient volatile Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
663 
664     private Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
665         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declAnnos;
666         if ((declAnnos = declaredAnnotations) == null) {
667             synchronized (this) {
668                 if ((declAnnos = declaredAnnotations) == null) {
669                     Executable root = (Executable)getRoot();
670                     if (root != null) {
671                         declAnnos = root.declaredAnnotations();
672                     } else {
673                         declAnnos = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
674                                 getAnnotationBytes(),
675                                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
676                                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
677                                 getDeclaringClass()
678                         );
679                     }
680                     declaredAnnotations = declAnnos;
681                 }
682             }
683         }
684         return declAnnos;
685     }
686 
687     /**
688      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a type to
689      * specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
690      * Executable.
691      *
692      * If this {@code Executable} object represents a constructor, the {@code
693      * AnnotatedType} object represents the type of the constructed object.
694      *
695      * If this {@code Executable} object represents a method, the {@code
696      * AnnotatedType} object represents the use of a type to specify the return
697      * type of the method.
698      *
699      * @return an object representing the return type of the method
700      * or constructor represented by this {@code Executable}
701      */
702     public abstract AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType();
703 
704     /* Helper for subclasses of Executable.
705      *
706      * Returns an AnnotatedType object that represents the use of a type to
707      * specify the return type of the method/constructor represented by this
708      * Executable.
709      */
710     AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReturnType0(Type returnType) {
711         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
712                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
713                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
714                 this,
715                 getDeclaringClass(),
716                 returnType,
717                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RETURN);
718     }
719 
720     /**
721      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
722      * type to specify the receiver type of the method/constructor represented
723      * by this {@code Executable} object.
724      *
725      * The receiver type of a method/constructor is available only if the
726      * method/constructor has a receiver parameter (JLS {@jls 8.4.1}). If this {@code
727      * Executable} object <em>represents an instance method or represents a
728      * constructor of an inner member class</em>, and the
729      * method/constructor <em>either</em> has no receiver parameter or has a
730      * receiver parameter with no annotations on its type, then the return
731      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
732      * annotations.
733      *
734      * If this {@code Executable} object represents a static method or
735      * represents a constructor of a top level, static member, local, or
736      * anonymous class, then the return value is null.
737      *
738      * @return an object representing the receiver type of the method or
739      * constructor represented by this {@code Executable} or {@code null} if
740      * this {@code Executable} can not have a receiver parameter
741      *
742      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
743      * @jls 8.4.1 Formal Parameters
744      * @jls 8.8 Constructor Declarations
745      */
746     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedReceiverType() {
747         if (Modifier.isStatic(this.getModifiers()))
748             return null;
749         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedType(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
750                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
751                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
752                 this,
753                 getDeclaringClass(),
754                 parameterize(getDeclaringClass()),
755                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_RECEIVER);
756     }
757 
758     Type parameterize(Class<?> c) {
759         Class<?> ownerClass = c.getDeclaringClass();
760         TypeVariable<?>[] typeVars = c.getTypeParameters();
761 
762         // base case, static nested classes, according to JLS 8.1.3, has no
763         // enclosing instance, therefore its owner is not generified.
764         if (ownerClass == null || Modifier.isStatic(c.getModifiers())) {
765             if (typeVars.length == 0)
766                 return c;
767             else
768                 return ParameterizedTypeImpl.make(c, typeVars, null);
769         }
770 
771         // Resolve owner
772         Type ownerType = parameterize(ownerClass);
773         if (ownerType instanceof Class<?> && typeVars.length == 0) // We have yet to encounter type parameters
774             return c;
775         else
776             return ParameterizedTypeImpl.make(c, typeVars, ownerType);
777     }
778 
779     /**
780      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
781      * of types to specify formal parameter types of the method/constructor
782      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
783      * corresponds to the order of the formal parameter types in the
784      * declaration of the method/constructor.
785      *
786      * Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
787      * parameters.
788      * Note that the constructors of some inner classes
789      * may have an
790      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
791      * implicitly declared} parameter in addition to explicitly declared ones.
792      * Also note that compact constructors of a record class may have
793      * {@linkplain java.compiler/javax.lang.model.util.Elements.Origin#MANDATED
794      * implicitly declared} parameters.
795      *
796      * @return an array of objects representing the types of the
797      * formal parameters of the method or constructor represented by this
798      * {@code Executable}
799      */
800     @SuppressWarnings("doclint:reference") // cross-module links
801     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedParameterTypes() {
802         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
803                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
804                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
805                 this,
806                 getDeclaringClass(),
807                 getAllGenericParameterTypes(),
808                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.METHOD_FORMAL_PARAMETER);
809     }
810 
811     /**
812      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
813      * of types to specify the declared exceptions of the method/constructor
814      * represented by this Executable. The order of the objects in the array
815      * corresponds to the order of the exception types in the declaration of
816      * the method/constructor.
817      *
818      * Returns an array of length 0 if the method/constructor declares no
819      * exceptions.
820      *
821      * @return an array of objects representing the declared
822      * exceptions of the method or constructor represented by this {@code
823      * Executable}
824      */
825     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedExceptionTypes() {
826         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedTypes(getTypeAnnotationBytes0(),
827                 SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
828                         getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
829                 this,
830                 getDeclaringClass(),
831                 getGenericExceptionTypes(),
832                 TypeAnnotation.TypeAnnotationTarget.THROWS);
833     }
834 }